{"work":{"slug":"botchan","title":{"source":"坊っちゃん","translated":"Botchan"},"author":"Natsume Sōseki","language":"Japanese","languageCode":"ja","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/botchan"},"unit":{"kind":"chapter","number":null,"id":"ch02","title":{"source":"二","translated":"Chapter 2"},"section":"Botchan","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/botchan/ch02","lines":221},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/botchan/ch01","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/botchan/ch03","license":"Source text: public domain (Natsume Sōseki, d. 1916; first published 1906), from Aozora Bunko. English translation and notes: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC. Narration: synthesized for this edition.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"ch02-p1-s1","source":"ぶうと云って汽船がとまると、艀が岸を離れて、漕ぎ寄せて来た。","translation":"With a boom the steamer stopped, and a lighter pulled away from the shore and rowed out to meet it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p1-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":null,"title":"«て来る» — motion toward the speaker","body":"«漕ぎ寄せて来た» pairs the te-form of «漕ぎ寄せる» ('to row up close') with «来る». This auxiliary «て来る» marks motion or a process converging toward the speaker/narrator — the boat isn't just rowing, it's rowing *this way*."}],"words":[{"surface":"ぶう","lemma":"ぶう","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 云っ","gloss":"boom"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"quote marker on ぶう","gloss":"quote"},{"surface":"云っ","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on とまる","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 云っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"汽船","lemma":"汽船","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of とまる","gloss":"steamer"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 汽船","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"とまる","lemma":"とまる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 離れ","gloss":"stops"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of とまる","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"艀","lemma":"艀","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 離れ","gloss":"lighter"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 艀","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"岸","lemma":"岸","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 離れ","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 岸","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"離れ","lemma":"離れる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 寄せ","gloss":"pulled away"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 離れ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"漕ぎ","lemma":"漕ぐ","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 寄せ","gloss":"rowed"},{"surface":"寄せ","lemma":"寄せる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"alongside"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 寄せ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"来","lemma":"来る","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 寄せ","gloss":"past"}]},{"number":2,"label":"","id":"ch02-p1-s2","source":"船頭は真っ裸に赤ふんどしをしめている。","translation":"The boatman was stark naked but for a red loincloth.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p1-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":null,"title":"«〜ている» for a worn state","body":"«しめている» is «しめる» ('to tie/fasten') plus «ている». With clothing verbs, «ている» describes the resulting state of wearing something, not an action in progress — 'he has it tied on / is wearing it'."}],"words":[{"surface":"船頭","lemma":"船頭","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of しめ","gloss":"boatman"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 船頭","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"真っ裸","lemma":"真っ裸","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of しめ","gloss":"stark naked"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 真っ裸","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"赤ふんどし","lemma":"赤ふんどし","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of しめ","gloss":"red loincloth"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 赤ふんどし","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"しめ","lemma":"しめる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wears"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of しめ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"いる","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":3,"label":"","id":"ch02-p1-s3","source":"野蛮な所だ。","translation":"What a barbarous place.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p1-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"野蛮","lemma":"野蛮","morphology":"noun","role":"clause modifying 所","gloss":"barbarous"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 野蛮","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"所","lemma":"所","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 所","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":4,"label":"","id":"ch02-p1-s4","source":"もっともこの熱さでは着物はきられまい。","translation":"Though in this heat, I suppose, no one could stand wearing clothes.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p1-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"きられまい","title":"Negative conjecture «〜まい»","body":"«きられまい» = «着られる» (potential of «着る», 'can wear') + «まい», a literary negative-conjecture ending meaning 'probably cannot' — 'no one could likely wear clothes.' Blunter and more old-fashioned than «〜ないだろう»."}],"words":[{"surface":"もっとも","lemma":"もっとも","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"この","lemma":"この","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of 熱","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"熱","lemma":"熱い","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of きら","gloss":"heat"},{"surface":"さ","lemma":"さ","morphology":"particle","role":"nominalizer on 熱","gloss":"-ness"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 熱さ","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 熱さで","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"着物","lemma":"着物","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of きら","gloss":"clothes"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 着物","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"きら","lemma":"きる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wear"},{"surface":"れ","lemma":"れる","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of きら","gloss":"can be"},{"surface":"まい","lemma":"まい","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of きら","gloss":"probably not"}]},{"number":5,"label":"","id":"ch02-p1-s5","source":"日が強いので水がやに光る。","translation":"The sun was so strong the water glared.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p1-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"日","lemma":"日","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 強い","gloss":"sun"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 日","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"強い","lemma":"強い","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on 光る","gloss":"is strong"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 強い","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase の","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"水","lemma":"水","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 光る","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 水","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"や","lemma":"いやに","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on 光る","gloss":"dazzlingly"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of や","gloss":"-ly","note":"やに here is a clipped colloquial form of いやに (\"unusually, awfully\")."},{"surface":"光る","lemma":"光る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"glares"}]},{"number":6,"label":"","id":"ch02-p1-s6","source":"見つめていても眼がくらむ。","translation":"Even staring at it made my eyes swim.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p1-s6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"眼がくらむ","title":"«眼がくらむ» — to be dazzled","body":"«眼がくらむ» (めがくらむ, me ga kuramu) literally 'the eyes go dark' — an idiom for being dazzled or blinded, here by glare off the water."}],"words":[{"surface":"見","lemma":"見る","morphology":"verb","role":"depends on くらむ","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"つめ","lemma":"つめる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on くらむ","gloss":"fixedly"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of つめ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"い","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of つめ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking つめ","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"眼","lemma":"眼","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of くらむ","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 眼","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"くらむ","lemma":"くらむ","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"swims"}]},{"number":7,"label":"","id":"ch02-p1-s7","source":"事務員に聞いてみるとおれはここへ降りるのだそうだ。","translation":"I asked a clerk and it turned out this was where I was supposed to get off.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p1-s7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"事務","lemma":"事務","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 員","gloss":"office"},{"surface":"員","lemma":"員","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 聞い","gloss":"clerk"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 員","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"聞い","lemma":"聞く","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying おれ","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 聞い","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"みる","lemma":"みる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"tried"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 聞い","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of 降りる","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"ここ","lemma":"ここ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of 降りる","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking ここ","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"降りる","lemma":"降りる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"get off"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 降りる","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase の","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"そう","lemma":"そう","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 降りる","gloss":"apparently"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 降りる","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":8,"label":"","id":"ch02-p1-s8","source":"見るところでは大森ぐらいな漁村だ。","translation":"As far as I could tell, it was a fishing village about the size of Ōmori.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p1-s8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"見る","lemma":"見る","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying ところ","gloss":"can see"},{"surface":"ところ","lemma":"ところ","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 漁村","gloss":"point"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking ところ","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking ところ","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"大森","lemma":"大森","morphology":"proper noun","role":"compound with ぐらい","gloss":"Ōmori"},{"surface":"ぐらい","lemma":"ぐらい","morphology":"noun","role":"particle marking ところ","gloss":"about the size of"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to ぐらい","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"漁村","lemma":"漁村","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"fishing village"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 漁村","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":9,"label":"","id":"ch02-p1-s9","source":"人を馬鹿にしていらあ、こんな所に我慢が出来るものかと思ったが仕方がない。","translation":"They take me for a fool. How could I stand a place like this? That was what I thought, but there was nothing to be done.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p1-s9.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"いらあ","title":"Shitamachi contraction «〜いらあ»","body":"«していらあ» is rough Tokyo shitamachi speech for «している»: «いる» slides into «いらあ», a brash, working-class contraction that marks Botchan's voice as a Tokyo townie, not a gentleman."}],"words":[{"surface":"人","lemma":"人","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of し","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 人","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"馬鹿","lemma":"馬鹿","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of し","gloss":"a fool"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 馬鹿","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying らあ","gloss":"treating"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of し","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"い","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"らあ","lemma":"らあ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"emphatic ending on い","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"こんな","lemma":"こんな","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies 所","gloss":"such a"},{"surface":"所","lemma":"所","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 出来る","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 所","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"我慢","lemma":"我慢","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 出来る","gloss":"endurance"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 我慢","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"出来る","lemma":"出来る","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying もの","gloss":"is possible"},{"surface":"もの","lemma":"もの","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 思っ","gloss":"the idea"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of もの","gloss":"as if!"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking もの","gloss":"quote"},{"surface":"思っ","lemma":"思う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on ない","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 思っ","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 思っ","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"仕方","lemma":"仕方","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of ない","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 仕方","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"adjective","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"there is none"}]},{"number":10,"label":"","id":"ch02-p1-s10","source":"威勢よく一番に飛び込んだ。","translation":"I leapt down first, full of spirit.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p1-s10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"威勢","lemma":"威勢","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with よく","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"よく","lemma":"よい","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on 飛び","gloss":"full of"},{"surface":"一","lemma":"一","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies 番","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"番","lemma":"番","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 飛び","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 番","gloss":"-ly"},{"surface":"飛び","lemma":"飛ぶ","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 込ん","gloss":"jumped"},{"surface":"込ん","lemma":"込む","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 込ん","gloss":"past"}]},{"number":11,"label":"","id":"ch02-p1-s11","source":"続づいて五六人は乗ったろう。","translation":"Five or six others must have climbed in after me.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p1-s11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"続","lemma":"続く","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 乗っ","gloss":"following","note":"続づいて is an old okurigana spelling of modern 続いて (\"following\")."},{"surface":"づい","lemma":"続く","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 乗っ","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of づい","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"五六","lemma":"五六","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 人","gloss":"five or six"},{"surface":"人","lemma":"人","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 乗っ","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 人","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"乗っ","lemma":"乗る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"got on"},{"surface":"たろう","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 乗っ","gloss":"must have"}]},{"number":12,"label":"","id":"ch02-p1-s12","source":"外に大きな箱を四つばかり積み込んで赤ふんは岸へ漕ぎ戻して来た。","translation":"Besides us, four big crates were loaded on, and the red-loincloth man rowed us back to shore.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p1-s12.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"外","lemma":"外","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 戻し","gloss":"besides"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 外","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"大きな","lemma":"大きな","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies 箱","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"箱","lemma":"箱","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 戻し","gloss":"crates"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 箱","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"四","lemma":"四","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies つ","gloss":"four"},{"surface":"つ","lemma":"つ","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 積み","gloss":"pieces"},{"surface":"ばかり","lemma":"ばかり","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking つ","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"積み","lemma":"積む","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 戻し","gloss":"loaded"},{"surface":"込ん","lemma":"込む","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 戻し","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 込ん","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"赤","lemma":"赤","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with ふん","gloss":"red"},{"surface":"ふん","lemma":"ふんどし","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 戻し","gloss":"loincloth"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking ふん","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"岸","lemma":"岸","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 漕ぎ","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 岸","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"漕ぎ","lemma":"漕ぐ","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 戻し","gloss":"rowed"},{"surface":"戻し","lemma":"戻す","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 戻し","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"来","lemma":"来る","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 戻し","gloss":"past"}]},{"number":13,"label":"","id":"ch02-p1-s13","source":"陸へ着いた時も、いの一番に飛び上がって、いきなり、磯に立っていた鼻たれ小僧をつらまえて中学校はどこだと聞いた。","translation":"The moment we touched land I was the first to jump out, and on the spot I grabbed a snot-nosed brat standing on the beach and asked him where the middle school was.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p1-s13.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"つらまえて","title":"Colloquial «捕まえて»","body":"«つらまえて» is the te-form of colloquial «つらまえる», a rough variant of «捕まえる» ('to catch or grab'). The rough form suits Botchan's brisk, unceremonious manner."}],"words":[{"surface":"陸","lemma":"陸","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 着い","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 陸","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"着い","lemma":"着く","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 時","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 着い","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"時","lemma":"時","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of つらまえ","gloss":"moment"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 時","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"いの一番","lemma":"いの一番","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 飛び","gloss":"the very first"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking いの一番","gloss":"-ly"},{"surface":"飛び","lemma":"飛ぶ","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 立っ","gloss":"jumped"},{"surface":"上がっ","lemma":"上がる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 立っ","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 上がっ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"いきなり","lemma":"いきなり","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 立っ","gloss":"right away"},{"surface":"磯","lemma":"磯","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 立っ","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 磯","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"立っ","lemma":"立つ","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 小僧","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 立っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"い","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 立っ","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"鼻","lemma":"鼻","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 小僧","gloss":"nose"},{"surface":"たれ","lemma":"たれる","morphology":"verb","role":"compound with 小僧","gloss":"dripping"},{"surface":"小僧","lemma":"小僧","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of つらまえ","gloss":"kid"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 小僧","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"つらまえ","lemma":"つらまえる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 聞い","gloss":"grabbed","note":"つらまえる is a dialectal (Matsuyama-style) form of standard つかまえる (\"catch/grab\")."},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of つらまえ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"中","lemma":"中","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 学校","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"学校","lemma":"学校","morphology":"noun","role":"topic of どこ","gloss":"school"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 学校","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"どこ","lemma":"どこ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"clausal complement of 聞い","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to どこ","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking どこ","gloss":"quote"},{"surface":"聞い","lemma":"聞く","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 聞い","gloss":"past"}]},{"number":14,"label":"","id":"ch02-p1-s14","source":"小僧はぼんやりして、知らんがの、と云った。","translation":"The boy just stood there blankly and said, 'Dunno.'","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p1-s14.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"がの","title":"Shikoku dialect ending «〜がの»","body":"The local boy's «知らんがの» uses «知らん» (dialectal negative for «知らない») plus the sentence-final «〜がの», a rural/Shikoku-flavored particle roughly like 'y'know' — the first taste of the local dialect Botchan will keep mocking."}],"words":[{"surface":"小僧","lemma":"小僧","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of ぼんやり","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 小僧","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"ぼんやり","lemma":"ぼんやり","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on 云っ","gloss":"blankly"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of ぼんやり","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ぼんやり","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"知ら","lemma":"知る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 云っ","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"ん","lemma":"ぬ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 知ら","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 知ら","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence-final particle after 知らんが","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 知ら","gloss":"quote"},{"surface":"云っ","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 云っ","gloss":"past"}]},{"number":15,"label":"","id":"ch02-p1-s15","source":"気の利かぬ田舎ものだ。","translation":"What a dim-witted country bumpkin.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p1-s15.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"気","lemma":"気","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 利か","gloss":"wit"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 気","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"利か","lemma":"利く","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying もの","gloss":"quick"},{"surface":"ぬ","lemma":"ぬ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 利か","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"田舎","lemma":"田舎","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with もの","gloss":"country"},{"surface":"もの","lemma":"もの","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"bumpkin"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to もの","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":16,"label":"","id":"ch02-p1-s16","source":"猫の額ほどな町内の癖に、中学校のありかも知らぬ奴があるものか。","translation":"In a town no bigger than a cat's forehead, how could anyone not know where the middle school was?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p1-s16.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"猫","lemma":"猫","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 額","gloss":"cat"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 猫","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"額","lemma":"額","morphology":"noun","role":"clause modifying 癖","gloss":"forehead"},{"surface":"ほど","lemma":"ほど","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 額","gloss":"the size of"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 額","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"町内","lemma":"町内","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 癖","gloss":"town"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 町内","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"癖","lemma":"癖","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of ある","gloss":"despite being"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 癖","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"中","lemma":"中","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 学校","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"学校","lemma":"学校","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies ありか","gloss":"school"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 学校","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"ありか","lemma":"ありか","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 知ら","gloss":"whereabouts"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking ありか","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"知ら","lemma":"知る","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 奴","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"ぬ","lemma":"ぬ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 知ら","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"奴","lemma":"奴","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of ある","gloss":"fellow"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 奴","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"ある","lemma":"ある","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying もの","gloss":"exists"},{"surface":"もの","lemma":"もの","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"the idea"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking もの","gloss":"as if!"}]},{"number":17,"label":"","id":"ch02-p1-s17","source":"ところへ妙な筒っぽうを着た男がきて、こっちへ来いと云うから、尾いて行ったら、港屋とか云う宿屋へ連れて来た。","translation":"Just then an odd man in a straight-sleeved coat came up and told me to follow him, so I did, and he led me to an inn called the Minatoya.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p1-s17.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ところ","lemma":"ところ","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of き","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking ところ","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"妙","lemma":"妙","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 筒","gloss":"odd"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 妙","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"筒","lemma":"筒","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with っぽう","gloss":"tube-sleeved"},{"surface":"っぽう","lemma":"っぽう","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 着","gloss":"coat","note":"筒っぽう is an old term for a short, straight-sleeved workman's coat; not the -っぽい adjectival suffix."},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 筒っぽう","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"着","lemma":"着る","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 男","gloss":"wore"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 着","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"男","lemma":"男","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of き","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 男","gloss":"(subject)"},{"surface":"き","lemma":"くる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 云う","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of き","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"こっち","lemma":"こっち","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of 来い","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking こっち","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"来い","lemma":"来る","morphology":"verb","role":"clausal complement of 云う","gloss":"come!"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 来い","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"云う","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 行っ","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 云う","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"尾","lemma":"尾く","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 行っ","gloss":"followed","note":"尾く is an old/dialectal spelling for 付く \"to follow along after.\""},{"surface":"い","lemma":"尾く","morphology":"verb","role":"compound with 尾","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 尾","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"行っ","lemma":"行く","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 連れ","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"たら","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 行っ","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"港屋","lemma":"港屋","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies 宿屋","gloss":"Minatoya"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 港屋","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 港屋","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"云う","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 宿屋","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"宿屋","lemma":"宿屋","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 連れ","gloss":"inn"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 宿屋","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"連れ","lemma":"連れる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 連れ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"来","lemma":"来る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 連れ","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 連れ","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":18,"label":"","id":"ch02-p1-s18","source":"やな女が声を揃えてお上がりなさいと云うので、上がるのがいやになった。","translation":"A bunch of disagreeable-looking women all sang out together, 'Please come in,' which made me not want to go in at all.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p1-s18.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"や","lemma":"いや","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 女","gloss":"disagreeable","note":"colloquial contraction of いや before な."},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of や","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"女","lemma":"女","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 揃え","gloss":"women"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 女","gloss":"(subject)"},{"surface":"声","lemma":"声","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 揃え","gloss":"voices"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 声","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"揃え","lemma":"揃える","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 云う","gloss":"united"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 揃え","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"お","lemma":"お","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 上がり","gloss":"kindly"},{"surface":"上がり","lemma":"上がる","morphology":"verb","role":"compound with なさい","gloss":"come in"},{"surface":"なさい","lemma":"なさる","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 上がり","gloss":"please"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking なさい","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"云う","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on なっ","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 云う","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase の","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"上がる","lemma":"上がる","morphology":"verb","role":"depends on なっ","gloss":"going in"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 上がる","gloss":"the act of"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 上がる","gloss":"(subject)"},{"surface":"いや","lemma":"いや","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on なっ","gloss":"distasteful"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of いや","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"なっ","lemma":"なる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of なっ","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":19,"label":"","id":"ch02-p1-s19","source":"門口へ立ったなり中学校を教えろと云ったら、中学校はこれから汽車で二里ばかり行かなくっちゃいけないと聞いて、なお上がるのがいやになった。","translation":"Standing right there in the doorway, I told them to just point me to the middle school, and when I heard I'd have to go about two ri by train to get there, I liked the idea of going in even less.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p1-s19.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"なくっちゃいけない","title":"Contraction «〜なくっちゃいけない»","body":"«行かなくっちゃいけない» contracts «行かなくては» to «行かなくっちゃ» before «いけない» — colloquial for 'have to go', matching the casual register of the whole passage."}],"words":[{"surface":"門口","lemma":"門口","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 立っ","gloss":"doorway"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 門口","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"立っ","lemma":"立つ","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 云っ","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 立っ","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"なり","lemma":"なり","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 立っ","gloss":"just as"},{"surface":"中","lemma":"中","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 学校","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"学校","lemma":"学校","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 教えろ","gloss":"school"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 学校","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"教えろ","lemma":"教える","morphology":"verb","role":"clausal complement of 云っ","gloss":"show me"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 教えろ","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"云っ","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 聞い","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"たら","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 云っ","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"中","lemma":"中","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 学校","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"学校","lemma":"学校","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 行か","gloss":"school"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 学校","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"これ","lemma":"これ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of 行か","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking これ","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"汽車","lemma":"汽車","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 行か","gloss":"train"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 汽車","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"二","lemma":"二","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies 里","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"里","lemma":"里","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 行か","gloss":"ri"},{"surface":"ばかり","lemma":"ばかり","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 里","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"行か","lemma":"行く","morphology":"verb","role":"clausal complement of 聞い","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"なくっ","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 行か","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ちゃ","lemma":"ちゃ","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase 行か","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"いけ","lemma":"いける","morphology":"verb","role":"compound with ちゃ","gloss":"won't do"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of ちゃ","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking ちゃ","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"聞い","lemma":"聞く","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on なっ","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 聞い","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"なお","lemma":"なお","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies いや","gloss":"even more"},{"surface":"上がる","lemma":"上がる","morphology":"verb","role":"depends on なっ","gloss":"going in"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 上がる","gloss":"the act of"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 上がる","gloss":"(subject)"},{"surface":"いや","lemma":"いや","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on なっ","gloss":"distasteful"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of いや","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"なっ","lemma":"なる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of なっ","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":20,"label":"","id":"ch02-p1-s20","source":"おれは、筒っぽうを着た男から、おれの革鞄を二つ引きたくって、のそのそあるき出した。","translation":"I snatched my two leather bags back from the man in the straight-sleeved coat and lumbered off.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p1-s20.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"筒","lemma":"筒","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with っぽう","gloss":"tube-sleeved"},{"surface":"っぽう","lemma":"っぽう","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 着","gloss":"coat"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 筒っぽう","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"着","lemma":"着る","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 男","gloss":"wore"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 着","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"男","lemma":"男","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 引き","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 男","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies 革鞄","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"革鞄","lemma":"革鞄","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 引き","gloss":"bags"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 革鞄","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"二","lemma":"二","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies つ","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"つ","lemma":"つ","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 引き","gloss":"items"},{"surface":"引き","lemma":"引く","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 出し","gloss":"snatched"},{"surface":"たくっ","lemma":"たくる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 出し","gloss":"forcibly"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of たくっ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"のそのそ","lemma":"のそのそ","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies あるき","gloss":"lumbering"},{"surface":"あるき","lemma":"あるく","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 出し","gloss":"walked"},{"surface":"出し","lemma":"出す","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"started"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 出し","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":21,"label":"","id":"ch02-p1-s21","source":"宿屋のものは変な顔をしていた。","translation":"The people of the inn looked at me like I was strange.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p1-s21.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"宿屋","lemma":"宿屋","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies もの","gloss":"inn"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 宿屋","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"もの","lemma":"もの","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of し","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking もの","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"変","lemma":"変","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 顔","gloss":"strange"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 変","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"顔","lemma":"顔","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of し","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 顔","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of し","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"い","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of し","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":22,"label":"2","id":"ch02-p2-s1","source":"停車場はすぐ知れた。","translation":"The station was easy enough to find.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p2-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"停車","lemma":"停車","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 場","gloss":"stop"},{"surface":"場","lemma":"場","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 知れ","gloss":"station"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 場","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"すぐ","lemma":"すぐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 知れ","gloss":"right away"},{"surface":"知れ","lemma":"知れる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was found"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 知れ","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":23,"label":"","id":"ch02-p2-s2","source":"切符も訳なく買った。","translation":"Buying a ticket was no trouble either.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p2-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"切符","lemma":"切符","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 買っ","gloss":"ticket"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 切符","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"訳","lemma":"訳","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with なく","gloss":"trouble"},{"surface":"なく","lemma":"ない","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on 買っ","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"買っ","lemma":"買う","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"bought"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 買っ","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":24,"label":"","id":"ch02-p2-s3","source":"乗り込んでみるとマッチ箱のような汽車だ。","translation":"When I climbed aboard, the train turned out to be no bigger than a matchbox.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p2-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"乗り","lemma":"乗る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on the main clause","gloss":"boarding"},{"surface":"込ん","lemma":"込む","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on the main clause","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 込ん","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"みる","lemma":"みる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase で","gloss":"tried"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase で","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"マッチ","lemma":"マッチ","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 箱","gloss":"match"},{"surface":"箱","lemma":"箱","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies よう","gloss":"box"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 箱","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"よう","lemma":"よう","morphology":"noun","role":"clause modifying 汽車","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to よう","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"汽車","lemma":"汽車","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"train"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 汽車","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":25,"label":"","id":"ch02-p2-s4","source":"ごろごろと五分ばかり動いたと思ったら、もう降りなければならない。","translation":"It rattled along for about five minutes, and then, before I knew it, I had to get off already.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p2-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ごろごろ","lemma":"ごろごろ","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 動い","gloss":"rattling"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking ごろごろ","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"五","lemma":"五","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies 分","gloss":"five"},{"surface":"分","lemma":"分","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 動い","gloss":"minutes"},{"surface":"ばかり","lemma":"ばかり","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 分","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"動い","lemma":"動く","morphology":"verb","role":"clausal complement of 思っ","gloss":"moved"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 動い","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 動い","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"思っ","lemma":"思う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 降り","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"たら","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 思っ","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"もう","lemma":"もう","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 降り","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"降り","lemma":"降りる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"get off"},{"surface":"なけれ","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 降り","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"ば","lemma":"ば","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase なけれ","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"なら","lemma":"なる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase なけれ","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase なけれ","gloss":"not"}]},{"number":26,"label":"","id":"ch02-p2-s5","source":"道理で切符が安いと思った。","translation":"No wonder the ticket had been so cheap, I thought.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p2-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"道理","lemma":"道理","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 思っ","gloss":"no wonder"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 道理","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"切符","lemma":"切符","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 安い","gloss":"ticket"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 切符","gloss":"(subject)"},{"surface":"安い","lemma":"安い","morphology":"adjective","role":"clausal complement of 思っ","gloss":"was cheap"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 安い","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"思っ","lemma":"思う","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 思っ","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":27,"label":"","id":"ch02-p2-s6","source":"たった三銭である。","translation":"It was only three sen.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p2-s6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"三銭","title":"«銭» (sen)","body":"«銭» (せん, sen) was a subunit of the yen (1/100) used until 1953 — «三銭» is three sen, an almost comically small fare that surprises Botchan."}],"words":[{"surface":"たった","lemma":"たった","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 銭","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"三","lemma":"三","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies 銭","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"銭","lemma":"銭","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"sen"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 銭","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ある","lemma":"ある","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase で","gloss":"(copula)"}]},{"number":28,"label":"","id":"ch02-p2-s7","source":"それから車を傭って、中学校へ来たら、もう放課後で誰も居ない。","translation":"After that I hired a rickshaw and came to the middle school, but classes were already over and there was no one around.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p2-s7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"それ","lemma":"それ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of 傭っ","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking それ","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"車","lemma":"車","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 傭っ","gloss":"rickshaw"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 車","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"傭っ","lemma":"傭う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 居","gloss":"hired"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 傭っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"中","lemma":"中","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 学校","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"学校","lemma":"学校","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 来","gloss":"school"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 学校","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"来","lemma":"来る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 居","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"たら","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 来","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"もう","lemma":"もう","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 後","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"放課","lemma":"放課","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 後","gloss":"class"},{"surface":"後","lemma":"後","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 居","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 後","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"誰","lemma":"誰","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of 居","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 誰","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"居","lemma":"居る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 居","gloss":"not"}]},{"number":29,"label":"","id":"ch02-p2-s8","source":"宿直はちょっと用達に出たと小使が教えた。","translation":"A janitor told me the night duty teacher had stepped out on some errand.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p2-s8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"宿直","lemma":"宿直","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 出","gloss":"night duty teacher"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 宿直","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"ちょっと","lemma":"ちょっと","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 出","gloss":"briefly"},{"surface":"用達","lemma":"用達","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 出","gloss":"an errand"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 用達","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"出","lemma":"出る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 教え","gloss":"stepped out"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 出","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"particle marking 出","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"小使","lemma":"小使","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 教え","gloss":"janitor"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 小使","gloss":"(subject)"},{"surface":"教え","lemma":"教える","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"told"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 教え","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":30,"label":"","id":"ch02-p2-s9","source":"随分気楽な宿直がいるものだ。","translation":"What a carefree man they had on night duty.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p2-s9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"随分","lemma":"随分","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 気楽","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"気楽","lemma":"気楽","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 宿直","gloss":"carefree"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 気楽","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"宿直","lemma":"宿直","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of いる","gloss":"night duty"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 宿直","gloss":"(subject)"},{"surface":"いる","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying もの","gloss":"there is"},{"surface":"もの","lemma":"もの","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"such a thing"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to もの","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":31,"label":"","id":"ch02-p2-s10","source":"校長でも尋ねようかと思ったが、草臥れたから、車に乗って宿屋へ連れて行けと車夫に云い付けた。","translation":"I thought about asking for the principal instead, but I was worn out, so I told the rickshaw man to take me to an inn.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p2-s10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"校長","lemma":"校長","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 思っ","gloss":"principal"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 校長","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 校長","gloss":"even","note":"でも here means \"or something/instead\" — asking the principal as a fallback."},{"surface":"尋ねよう","lemma":"尋ねる","morphology":"verb","role":"clausal complement of 思っ","gloss":"shall ask"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 尋ねよう","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 尋ねよう","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"思っ","lemma":"思う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 草臥れ","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 思っ","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 思っ","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"草臥れ","lemma":"草臥れる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 連れ","gloss":"was worn out"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 草臥れ","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 草臥れ","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"車","lemma":"車","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 乗っ","gloss":"rickshaw"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 車","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"乗っ","lemma":"乗る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 連れ","gloss":"got"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 乗っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"宿屋","lemma":"宿屋","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 連れ","gloss":"inn"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 宿屋","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"連れ","lemma":"連れる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 行け","gloss":"take"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 連れ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"行け","lemma":"行く","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 云い","gloss":"go!"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 行け","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"車夫","lemma":"車夫","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 云い","gloss":"rickshaw man"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 車夫","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"云い","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"told"},{"surface":"付け","lemma":"付ける","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 云い","gloss":"ordered"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 云い","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":32,"label":"","id":"ch02-p2-s11","source":"車夫は威勢よく山城屋と云ううちへ横付けにした。","translation":"The rickshaw man briskly pulled up alongside a place called the Yamashiroya.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p2-s11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"車夫","lemma":"車夫","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of し","gloss":"rickshaw man"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 車夫","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"威勢","lemma":"威勢","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with よく","gloss":"vigor"},{"surface":"よく","lemma":"よい","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 山城屋","gloss":"briskly"},{"surface":"山城屋","lemma":"山城屋","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of 云う","gloss":"Yamashiroya"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 山城屋","gloss":"(quote)"},{"surface":"云う","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying うち","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"うち","lemma":"うち","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of し","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking うち","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"横付け","lemma":"横付け","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on し","gloss":"pulled up alongside"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 横付け","gloss":"(adverbial)"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of し","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":33,"label":"","id":"ch02-p2-s12","source":"山城屋とは質屋の勘太郎の屋号と同じだからちょっと面白く思った。","translation":"I found it a little amusing that Yamashiroya was the very same name as Kantarō the pawnbroker's shop back home.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p2-s12.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"山城屋","lemma":"山城屋","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of 同じ","gloss":"Yamashiroya"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 山城屋","gloss":"(topic-quote)"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 山城屋","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"質屋","lemma":"質屋","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 勘太郎","gloss":"pawnbroker"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 質屋","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"勘太郎","lemma":"勘太郎","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 屋号","gloss":"Kantarō"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 勘太郎","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"屋号","lemma":"屋号","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 同じ","gloss":"shop name"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 屋号","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"同じ","lemma":"同じ","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on 思っ","gloss":"same"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 同じ","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 同じ","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"ちょっと","lemma":"ちょっと","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 面白く","gloss":"a little"},{"surface":"面白く","lemma":"面白い","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on 思っ","gloss":"amusing"},{"surface":"思っ","lemma":"思う","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"found it"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 思っ","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":34,"label":"3","id":"ch02-p3-s1","source":"何だか二階の楷子段の下の暗い部屋へ案内した。","translation":"For some reason they showed me to a dark room under the upstairs staircase.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p3-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"何","lemma":"何","morphology":"pronoun","role":"adverbial clause on 案内","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 何","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 何","gloss":"for some reason"},{"surface":"二","lemma":"二","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies 階","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"階","lemma":"階","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 段","gloss":"upstairs"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 階","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"楷","lemma":"楷","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 段","gloss":"stair"},{"surface":"子","lemma":"子","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 段","gloss":"step"},{"surface":"段","lemma":"段","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 下","gloss":"staircase"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 段","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"下","lemma":"下","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 部屋","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 下","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"暗い","lemma":"暗い","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 部屋","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"部屋","lemma":"部屋","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 案内","gloss":"room"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 部屋","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"案内","lemma":"案内","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"showed"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 案内","gloss":"(did)"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 案内","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":35,"label":"","id":"ch02-p3-s2","source":"熱くって居られやしない。","translation":"It was so hot I couldn't stand staying in it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p3-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"熱く","lemma":"熱い","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on 居","gloss":"hot"},{"surface":"って","lemma":"って","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 熱く","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"居","lemma":"居る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on し","gloss":"stay"},{"surface":"られ","lemma":"られる","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 居","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"や","lemma":"や","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 居","gloss":"(emphatic)"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of し","gloss":"not"}]},{"number":36,"label":"","id":"ch02-p3-s3","source":"こんな部屋はいやだと云ったらあいにくみんな塞がっておりますからと云いながら革鞄を抛り出したまま出て行った。","translation":"When I said I didn't want a room like this, they told me unfortunately every other room was taken, dumped my bags on the floor, and walked out.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p3-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"おりますから","title":"Humble «おる» in keigo","body":"«塞がっております» uses the polite, formal pattern «〜ております». Because its subject is the rooms rather than the speaker or staff, «おる» is not functioning as humble language here; the employee is courteously telling the guest that the rooms are occupied. — contrasted sharply with Botchan's own rough «いらあ» from the ferry scene."}],"words":[{"surface":"こんな","lemma":"こんな","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies 部屋","gloss":"like this"},{"surface":"部屋","lemma":"部屋","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of いや","gloss":"room"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 部屋","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"いや","lemma":"いや","morphology":"adjective","role":"clausal complement of 云っ","gloss":"don't want"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of いや","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking いや","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"云っ","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 塞がっ","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"たら","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 云っ","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"あいにく","lemma":"あいにく","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 塞がっ","gloss":"unfortunately"},{"surface":"みんな","lemma":"みんな","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 塞がっ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"塞がっ","lemma":"塞がる","morphology":"verb","role":"clausal complement of 云い","gloss":"are taken"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 塞がっ","gloss":"(and)"},{"surface":"おり","lemma":"おる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"ます","lemma":"ます","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 塞がっ","gloss":"(polite)"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 塞がっ","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 塞がっ","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"云い","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 出","gloss":"saying"},{"surface":"ながら","lemma":"ながら","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 云い","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"革鞄","lemma":"革鞄","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 出","gloss":"bags"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 革鞄","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"抛り","lemma":"抛る","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying まま","gloss":"tossed"},{"surface":"出し","lemma":"出す","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying まま","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 出し","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"まま","lemma":"まま","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 出","gloss":"just as it was"},{"surface":"出","lemma":"出る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 行っ","gloss":"went out"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 出","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"行っ","lemma":"行く","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"walked away"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 行っ","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":37,"label":"","id":"ch02-p3-s4","source":"仕方がないから部屋の中へはいって汗をかいて我慢していた。","translation":"There was nothing for it, so I went inside and sweated it out, putting up with it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p3-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"仕方","lemma":"仕方","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of ない","gloss":"way to help it"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 仕方","gloss":"(subject)"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on かい","gloss":"there was none"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ない","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"部屋","lemma":"部屋","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 中","gloss":"room"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 部屋","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"中","lemma":"中","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of かい","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 中","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"はい","lemma":"はいる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on かい","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"って","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of はい","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"汗","lemma":"汗","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of かい","gloss":"sweat"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 汗","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"かい","lemma":"かく","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 我慢","gloss":"sweated"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of かい","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"我慢","lemma":"我慢","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"put up with it"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 我慢","gloss":"(did)"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 我慢","gloss":"(and)"},{"surface":"い","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 我慢","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":38,"label":"","id":"ch02-p3-s5","source":"やがて湯に入れと云うから、ざぶりと飛び込んで、すぐ上がった。","translation":"Before long they told me to take a bath, so I plunged in with a splash and got straight back out again.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p3-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"やがて","lemma":"やがて","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 云う","gloss":"before long"},{"surface":"湯","lemma":"湯","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 入れ","gloss":"bath"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 湯","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"入れ","lemma":"入る","morphology":"verb","role":"clausal complement of 云う","gloss":"get in!"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 入れ","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"云う","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 上がっ","gloss":"told me"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 云う","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ざぶり","lemma":"ざぶり","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 飛び","gloss":"with a splash"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking ざぶり","gloss":"(manner)"},{"surface":"飛び","lemma":"飛ぶ","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 上がっ","gloss":"jumped"},{"surface":"込ん","lemma":"込む","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 上がっ","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 込ん","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"すぐ","lemma":"すぐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 上がっ","gloss":"right away"},{"surface":"上がっ","lemma":"上がる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"got out"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 上がっ","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":39,"label":"","id":"ch02-p3-s6","source":"帰りがけに覗いてみると涼しそうな部屋がたくさん空いている。","translation":"On my way back I peeked around and found plenty of cool-looking rooms standing empty.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p3-s6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"帰りがけ","lemma":"帰りがけ","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 覗い","gloss":"on the way back"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 帰りがけ","gloss":"(time)"},{"surface":"覗い","lemma":"覗く","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 涼し","gloss":"peeked"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 覗い","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"みる","lemma":"みる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"tried"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 覗い","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"涼し","lemma":"涼しい","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 部屋","gloss":"cool"},{"surface":"そう","lemma":"そう","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 涼し","gloss":"seeming"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 涼し","gloss":"(attributive)"},{"surface":"部屋","lemma":"部屋","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 空い","gloss":"rooms"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 部屋","gloss":"(subject)"},{"surface":"たくさん","lemma":"たくさん","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 空い","gloss":"plenty"},{"surface":"空い","lemma":"空く","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stand empty"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 空い","gloss":"(and)"},{"surface":"いる","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"are"}]},{"number":40,"label":"","id":"ch02-p3-s7","source":"失敬な奴だ。","translation":"What a rude fellow.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p3-s7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"失敬","lemma":"失敬","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 奴","gloss":"rude"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 失敬","gloss":"(attributive)"},{"surface":"奴","lemma":"奴","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 奴","gloss":"are"}]},{"number":41,"label":"","id":"ch02-p3-s8","source":"嘘をつきゃあがった。","translation":"The fellow had lied to me.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p3-s8.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"つきゃあがった","title":"Contemptuous «〜やがる»","body":"«つきゃあがった» contracts «つき» (from «つく», 'to tell [a lie]') plus «やがった», the past of the contemptuous auxiliary «〜やがる». It marks open scorn — 'they had the nerve to lie'."}],"words":[{"surface":"嘘","lemma":"嘘","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of つきゃ","gloss":"a lie"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 嘘","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"つきゃ","lemma":"つく","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"told"},{"surface":"あがっ","lemma":"あがる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on つきゃ","gloss":"shamelessly","note":"あがる as a verb suffix here is a rough, contemptuous intensifier."},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of つきゃ","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":42,"label":"","id":"ch02-p3-s9","source":"それから下女が膳を持って来た。","translation":"After that a maid brought in a tray.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p3-s9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"それ","lemma":"それ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase それ","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"下女","lemma":"下女","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 持っ","gloss":"a maid"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 下女","gloss":"(subject)"},{"surface":"膳","lemma":"膳","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 持っ","gloss":"tray"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 膳","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"持っ","lemma":"持つ","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 来","gloss":"carrying"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 持っ","gloss":"(and)"},{"surface":"来","lemma":"来る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 来","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":43,"label":"","id":"ch02-p3-s10","source":"部屋は熱つかったが、飯は下宿のよりも大分旨かった。","translation":"The room was hot, but the food was a good deal better than at my old lodgings.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p3-s10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"部屋","lemma":"部屋","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of つかっ","gloss":"room"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 部屋","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"熱","lemma":"熱い","morphology":"adjective","role":"compound with つかっ","gloss":"hot"},{"surface":"つかっ","lemma":"つかる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 旨かっ","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of つかっ","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of つかっ","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"飯","lemma":"飯","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 旨かっ","gloss":"food"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 飯","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"下宿","lemma":"下宿","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 旨かっ","gloss":"my old lodgings"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 下宿","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"より","lemma":"より","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 下宿","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 下宿","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"大分","lemma":"大分","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 旨かっ","gloss":"a good deal"},{"surface":"旨かっ","lemma":"旨い","morphology":"adjective","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 旨かっ","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":44,"label":"","id":"ch02-p3-s11","source":"給仕をしながら下女がどちらからおいでになりましたと聞くから、東京から来たと答えた。","translation":"While serving me the maid asked where I'd come from, so I told her I'd come from Tokyo.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p3-s11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"給仕","lemma":"給仕","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of し","gloss":"serving"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 給仕","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on なり","gloss":"doing"},{"surface":"ながら","lemma":"ながら","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of し","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"下女","lemma":"下女","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of なり","gloss":"the maid"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 下女","gloss":"(subject)"},{"surface":"どちら","lemma":"どちら","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of なり","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking どちら","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"お","lemma":"お","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with いで","gloss":"(honorific)"},{"surface":"いで","lemma":"いでる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on なり","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking いで","gloss":"(adverbial)"},{"surface":"なり","lemma":"なる","morphology":"verb","role":"clausal complement of 聞く","gloss":"(honorific)"},{"surface":"まし","lemma":"ます","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of なり","gloss":"(polite)"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of なり","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking なり","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"聞く","lemma":"聞く","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 答え","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 聞く","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"東京","lemma":"東京","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of 来","gloss":"Tokyo"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 東京","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"来","lemma":"来る","morphology":"verb","role":"clausal complement of 答え","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 来","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 来","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"答え","lemma":"答える","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 答え","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":45,"label":"","id":"ch02-p3-s12","source":"すると東京はよい所でございましょうと云ったから当り前だと答えてやった。","translation":"Then she said Tokyo must be a fine place, so I told her, 'Of course it is.'","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p3-s12.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"でございましょう","title":"Polite copula «でございます»","body":"«でございましょう» is the highly formal/polite copula «でございます» (teineigo — not humble kenjougo) plus the conjectural «〜しょう» — deferential maid's speech, 'it must be [a fine place], I'd think', pitched well above Botchan's own blunt register."}],"words":[{"surface":"する","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"introduces the sentence, forms すると 'then' with と","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"forms すると with する","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"東京","lemma":"東京","morphology":"proper noun","role":"topic of the quoted clause, predicate 所","gloss":"Tokyo"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"topic marker on 東京","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"よい","lemma":"よい","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies 所","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"所","lemma":"所","morphology":"noun","role":"predicate noun with ござい","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking 所 to ござい","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ござい","lemma":"ござる","morphology":"verb","role":"polite copula, predicate of the quoted clause","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ましょう","lemma":"ます","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of ござい, conjectural","gloss":"probably"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"marks the quoted clause 所でございましょう","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"云っ","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"verb of the quoted clause, precedes から","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 云っ","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the reason clause, links 云っ to 答え","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"当り前","lemma":"当り前","morphology":"noun","role":"predicate of だ, quoted content","gloss":"of course"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 当り前","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"marks the quoted clause 当り前だ","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"答え","lemma":"答える","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"connects 答え to やっ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"やっ","lemma":"やる","morphology":"verb","role":"benefactive auxiliary, part of 答えてやった","gloss":"for her"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of やっ","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":46,"label":"","id":"ch02-p3-s13","source":"膳を下げた下女が台所へいった時分、大きな笑い声が聞えた。","translation":"After the maid cleared the tray and went off to the kitchen, I heard a burst of loud laughter.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p3-s13.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"膳","lemma":"膳","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 下げ","gloss":"tray"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 膳","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"下げ","lemma":"下げる","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 下女","gloss":"cleared"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 下げ","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"下女","lemma":"下女","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of いっ","gloss":"maid"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 下女","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"台所","lemma":"台所","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of いっ","gloss":"kitchen"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 台所","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"いっ","lemma":"いく","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 時分","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of いっ","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"時分","lemma":"時分","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 聞え","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"大きな","lemma":"大きな","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies 笑い声","gloss":"loud"},{"surface":"笑い声","lemma":"笑い声","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 聞え","gloss":"laughter"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 笑い声","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"聞え","lemma":"聞える","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was heard"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 聞え","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":47,"label":"","id":"ch02-p3-s14","source":"くだらないから、すぐ寝たが、なかなか寝られない。","translation":"It struck me as so much foolishness, so I went straight to bed, but sleep wouldn't come easily.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p3-s14.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"くだら","lemma":"くだらない","morphology":"adjective (stem)","role":"predicate of the reason clause, means 'silly'","gloss":"silly"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"くだらない","morphology":"adjective (lexicalized ending)","role":"part of くだらない, not a separate negation","gloss":"(adj. ending)"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the reason clause","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"すぐ","lemma":"すぐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 寝 (first)","gloss":"right away"},{"surface":"寝","lemma":"寝る","morphology":"verb","role":"verb of the first clause, linked by が to the second clause","gloss":"went to bed"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 寝 (first)","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the contrastive clause","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"なかなか","lemma":"なかなか","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 寝 (second)","gloss":"not easily"},{"surface":"寝","lemma":"寝る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"られ","lemma":"られる","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"potential auxiliary of 寝","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"negation of られ","gloss":"not"}]},{"number":48,"label":"","id":"ch02-p3-s15","source":"熱いばかりではない。","translation":"It wasn't just the heat.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p3-s15.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"熱い","lemma":"熱い","morphology":"adjective","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"hot"},{"surface":"ばかり","lemma":"ばかり","morphology":"particle","role":"limiting particle on 熱い","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula, part of ではない","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"contrast marker, part of ではない","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"negation, part of ではない","gloss":"not"}]},{"number":49,"label":"","id":"ch02-p3-s16","source":"騒々しい。","translation":"It was noisy.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p3-s16.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"騒々しい","lemma":"騒々しい","morphology":"adjective","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"noisy"}]},{"number":50,"label":"","id":"ch02-p3-s17","source":"下宿の五倍ぐらいやかましい。","translation":"About five times as loud as my old lodgings.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p3-s17.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"下宿","lemma":"下宿","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 倍","gloss":"lodgings"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 下宿","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"五","lemma":"五","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies 倍","gloss":"five"},{"surface":"倍","lemma":"倍","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of やかましい","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"ぐらい","lemma":"ぐらい","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 倍","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"やかましい","lemma":"やかましい","morphology":"adjective","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"loud"}]},{"number":51,"label":"","id":"ch02-p3-s18","source":"うとうとしたら清の夢を見た。","translation":"When I finally dozed off I dreamed about Kiyo.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p3-s18.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"うとうと","lemma":"うとうと","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 見","gloss":"dozed off"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of うとうと","gloss":"(did)"},{"surface":"たら","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"conditional auxiliary of うとうと","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"清","lemma":"清","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies 夢","gloss":"Kiyo"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 清","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"夢","lemma":"夢","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 見","gloss":"dream"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 夢","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"見","lemma":"見る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"dreamed"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 見","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":52,"label":"","id":"ch02-p3-s19","source":"清が越後の笹飴を笹ぐるみ、むしゃむしゃ食っている。","translation":"In the dream Kiyo was munching away on Echigo bamboo-leaf candy, leaves and all.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p3-s19.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"清","lemma":"清","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of 食っ","gloss":"Kiyo"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 清","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"越後","lemma":"越後","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies 笹飴","gloss":"Echigo"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 越後","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"笹飴","lemma":"笹飴","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 食っ","gloss":"bamboo-leaf candy"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 笹飴","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"笹","lemma":"笹","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with ぐるみ","gloss":"leaves"},{"surface":"ぐるみ","lemma":"ぐるみ","morphology":"suffix","role":"oblique complement of 食っ, means 'leaves and all'","gloss":"and all"},{"surface":"むしゃむしゃ","lemma":"むしゃむしゃ","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 食っ","gloss":"munching"},{"surface":"食っ","lemma":"食う","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was eating"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 食っ","gloss":"(continuous)"},{"surface":"いる","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"(progressive)"}]},{"number":53,"label":"","id":"ch02-p3-s20","source":"笹は毒だからよしたらよかろうと云うと、いえこの笹がお薬でございますと云って旨そうに食っている。","translation":"I told her the leaves were poison and she'd better stop, but she said, 'No, these leaves are medicine,' and kept eating as if they tasted good.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p3-s20.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"笹","lemma":"笹","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 毒","gloss":"leaves"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 笹","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"毒","lemma":"毒","morphology":"noun","role":"predicate noun of だ","gloss":"poison"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 毒","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the reason clause","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"よし","lemma":"よす","morphology":"verb","role":"predicate content, clause on よかろう","gloss":"stop"},{"surface":"たら","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"conditional auxiliary of よし","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"よかろう","lemma":"よい","morphology":"adjective","role":"clausal complement of 云う","gloss":"had better"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"marks the quoted clause","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"云う","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 食っ (2nd)","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 云う","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"いえ","lemma":"いえ","morphology":"interjection","role":"quoted reply, modifies 云っ","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"この","lemma":"この","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of 笹","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"笹","lemma":"笹","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 薬","gloss":"leaves"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 笹","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"お","lemma":"お","morphology":"prefix","role":"honorific prefix on 薬","gloss":"(honorific)"},{"surface":"薬","lemma":"薬","morphology":"noun","role":"predicate noun of ござい","gloss":"medicine"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 薬","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ござい","lemma":"ござる","morphology":"verb","role":"polite copula, predicate of the quoted clause","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ます","lemma":"ます","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of ござい","gloss":"(polite)"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"marks the quoted clause","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"云っ","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"verb of the quote clause, precedes 旨そうに食っている","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"connects 云っ to 食っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"旨","lemma":"旨い","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on 食っ (3rd)","gloss":"delicious"},{"surface":"そう","lemma":"そう","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 旨, 'looks like'","gloss":"seemingly"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbializes 旨そう","gloss":"-ly"},{"surface":"食っ","lemma":"食う","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was eating"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 食っ","gloss":"(continuous)"},{"surface":"いる","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"(progressive)"}]},{"number":54,"label":"","id":"ch02-p3-s21","source":"おれがあきれ返って大きな口を開いてハハハハと笑ったら眼が覚めた。","translation":"I was so dumbfounded that I threw my mouth wide open and burst out laughing, ha-ha-ha, and that's when I woke up.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p3-s21.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of the sentence","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"あきれ","lemma":"あきれる","morphology":"verb","role":"compound with 返っ","gloss":"amazed"},{"surface":"返っ","lemma":"返る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 開い, intensifies あきれ","gloss":"utterly"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 返っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"大きな","lemma":"大きな","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies 口","gloss":"wide"},{"surface":"口","lemma":"口","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 開い","gloss":"mouth"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 口","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"開い","lemma":"開く","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 笑っ","gloss":"opened"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 開い","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ハハハハ","lemma":"ハハハハ","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 笑っ","gloss":"ha-ha-ha"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking ハハハハ","gloss":"(quote)"},{"surface":"笑っ","lemma":"笑う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 覚め","gloss":"laughed"},{"surface":"たら","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"conditional auxiliary of 笑っ","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"眼","lemma":"眼","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 覚め","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 眼","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"覚め","lemma":"覚める","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"woke"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 覚め","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":55,"label":"","id":"ch02-p3-s22","source":"下女が雨戸を明けている。","translation":"The maid was opening the storm shutters.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p3-s22.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"下女","lemma":"下女","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 明け","gloss":"maid"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 下女","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"雨戸","lemma":"雨戸","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 明け","gloss":"storm shutters"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 雨戸","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"明け","lemma":"明ける","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"opening"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 明け","gloss":"(continuous)"},{"surface":"いる","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"(progressive)"}]},{"number":56,"label":"","id":"ch02-p3-s23","source":"相変らず空の底が突き抜けたような天気だ。","translation":"The weather was, as ever, the kind where the bottom of the sky seemed to have dropped clean out.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p3-s23.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"相","lemma":"相","morphology":"prefix","role":"prefix forming 相変らず ('as usual') with 変ら, ず","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"変ら","lemma":"変る","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 天気, part of 相変らず","gloss":"changing"},{"surface":"ず","lemma":"ず","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"negation of 変ら","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"空","lemma":"空","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 底","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 空","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"底","lemma":"底","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 突き","gloss":"bottom"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 底","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"突き","lemma":"突く","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 天気, compound with 抜け","gloss":"poked"},{"surface":"抜け","lemma":"抜ける","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 天気","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 抜け","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"よう","lemma":"よう","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 抜け, 'seems'","gloss":"seem"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"attributive form of よう, links to 天気","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"天気","lemma":"天気","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"weather"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 天気","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":57,"label":"4","id":"ch02-p4-s1","source":"道中をしたら茶代をやるものだと聞いていた。","translation":"I'd heard that when you travel you're supposed to give a tip.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p4-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"道中","lemma":"道中","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of し","gloss":"traveling"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 道中","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on やる","gloss":"travel"},{"surface":"たら","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"conditional auxiliary of し","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"茶代","lemma":"茶代","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of やる","gloss":"tip"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 茶代","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"やる","lemma":"やる","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying もの","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"もの","lemma":"もの","morphology":"noun","role":"clausal complement of 聞い, 'custom'","gloss":"custom"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to もの","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking もの","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"聞い","lemma":"聞く","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had heard"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 聞い","gloss":"(continuous)"},{"surface":"い","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"(had been)"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 聞い","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":58,"label":"","id":"ch02-p4-s2","source":"茶代をやらないと粗末に取り扱われると聞いていた。","translation":"I'd also heard that if you don't tip, you get treated shabbily.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p4-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"茶代","lemma":"茶代","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of やら","gloss":"tip"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 茶代","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"やら","lemma":"やる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 聞い","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"negation of やら","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the conditional clause","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"粗末","lemma":"粗末","morphology":"noun","role":"adverbial clause on 取り","gloss":"shabbily"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbializes 粗末","gloss":"-ly"},{"surface":"取り","lemma":"取る","morphology":"verb","role":"clausal complement of 聞い, compound with 扱わ","gloss":"treat"},{"surface":"扱わ","lemma":"扱う","morphology":"verb","role":"clausal complement of 聞い","gloss":"handle"},{"surface":"れる","lemma":"れる","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"passive auxiliary of 扱わ","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 扱わ","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"聞い","lemma":"聞く","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had heard"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 聞い","gloss":"(continuous)"},{"surface":"い","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"(had been)"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 聞い","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":59,"label":"","id":"ch02-p4-s3","source":"こんな、狭くて暗い部屋へ押し込めるのも茶代をやらないせいだろう。","translation":"Being shoved into a cramped, dark room like this was probably because I hadn't given a tip.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p4-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"こんな","lemma":"こんな","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies 部屋","gloss":"such a"},{"surface":"狭く","lemma":"狭い","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 部屋","gloss":"cramped"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 狭く","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"暗い","lemma":"暗い","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 部屋","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"部屋","lemma":"部屋","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 込める","gloss":"room"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 部屋","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"押し","lemma":"押す","morphology":"verb","role":"compound with 込める","gloss":"push"},{"surface":"込める","lemma":"込める","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying の","gloss":"shove"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"nominalizes 押し込める clause","gloss":"the fact of"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking の","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"茶代","lemma":"茶代","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of やら","gloss":"tip"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 茶代","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"やら","lemma":"やる","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying せい","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"negation of やら","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"せい","lemma":"せい","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"reason"},{"surface":"だろう","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to せい, conjectural","gloss":"is probably"}]},{"number":60,"label":"","id":"ch02-p4-s4","source":"見すぼらしい服装をして、ズックの革鞄と毛繻子の蝙蝠傘を提げてるからだろう。","translation":"Or because I was dressed shabbily and carrying a canvas bag and a wool-satin umbrella.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p4-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"見すぼらしい","lemma":"見すぼらしい","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies 服装","gloss":"shabby"},{"surface":"服装","lemma":"服装","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of し","gloss":"attire"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 服装","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 提げ","gloss":"wore"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of し","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ズック","lemma":"ズック","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 革鞄","gloss":"canvas"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking ズック","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"革鞄","lemma":"革鞄","morphology":"noun","role":"conjoined with 蝙蝠傘 via と, direct object of 提げ","gloss":"bag"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 革鞄","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"毛","lemma":"毛","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 繻子","gloss":"wool"},{"surface":"繻子","lemma":"繻子","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 蝙蝠傘","gloss":"serge"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 繻子","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"蝙蝠傘","lemma":"蝙蝠傘","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 提げ, conjoined with 革鞄","gloss":"umbrella"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 蝙蝠傘","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"提げ","lemma":"提げる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was carrying"},{"surface":"てる","lemma":"てる","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"progressive auxiliary of 提げ","gloss":"(progressive)"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the reason clause","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"だろう","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 提げ, conjectural","gloss":"probably"}]},{"number":61,"label":"","id":"ch02-p4-s5","source":"田舎者の癖に人を見括ったな。","translation":"Country folk, and they still dared to look down on me.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p4-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"田舎者","lemma":"田舎者","morphology":"noun","role":"attributive complement of の","gloss":"country bumpkin"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 田舎者","gloss":"'s","note":"の癖に is a set idiom meaning 'despite being'."},{"surface":"癖","lemma":"癖","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 見","gloss":"habit"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 癖","gloss":"despite"},{"surface":"人","lemma":"人","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 見","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 人","gloss":"(object marker)"},{"surface":"見","lemma":"見る","morphology":"verb","role":"compound with 括っ","gloss":"looked"},{"surface":"括っ","lemma":"括る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"underestimated"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 括っ","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"な","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence-final particle on 括っ","gloss":"(exclamation)"}]},{"number":62,"label":"","id":"ch02-p4-s6","source":"一番茶代をやって驚かしてやろう。","translation":"I'd give them a tip and shock the lot of them.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p4-s6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":null,"title":"Benefactive «〜てやろう»","body":"«驚かしてやろう» = «驚かす» ('to startle') + «てやる» + volitional «〜う». «〜てやる» does something *to* or *for* someone from a position of superiority — here with a spiteful edge: 'I'll go and give them a shock'."}],"words":[{"surface":"一番","lemma":"一番","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 茶代","gloss":"biggest"},{"surface":"茶代","lemma":"茶代","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of やっ","gloss":"tip"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 茶代","gloss":"(object marker)"},{"surface":"やっ","lemma":"やる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 驚かし","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of やっ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"驚かし","lemma":"驚かす","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"shock"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 驚かし","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"やろう","lemma":"やる","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 驚かし","gloss":"I'll"}]},{"number":63,"label":"","id":"ch02-p4-s7","source":"おれはこれでも学資のあまりを三十円ほど懐に入れて東京を出て来たのだ。","translation":"I'd left Tokyo with about thirty yen of leftover school money tucked in my pocket, believe it or not.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p4-s7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of 出","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"(topic marker)"},{"surface":"これ","lemma":"これ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"adverbial modifier of 出 (even so)","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking これ","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking これ","gloss":"even","note":"これでも = 'believe it or not / even so'."},{"surface":"学資","lemma":"学資","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies あまり","gloss":"school money"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 学資","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"あまり","lemma":"あまり","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 入れ","gloss":"leftover"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking あまり","gloss":"(object marker)"},{"surface":"三十","lemma":"三十","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies 円","gloss":"thirty"},{"surface":"円","lemma":"円","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 入れ","gloss":"yen"},{"surface":"ほど","lemma":"ほど","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 円","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"懐","lemma":"懐","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 入れ","gloss":"pocket"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 懐","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"入れ","lemma":"入れる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 出","gloss":"put"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 入れ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"東京","lemma":"東京","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of 出","gloss":"Tokyo"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 東京","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"出","lemma":"出る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 出","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"来","lemma":"来る","morphology":"verb","role":"auxiliary marking direction, with 出","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 出","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 出","gloss":"(explanation)"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase の","gloss":"(is)"}]},{"number":64,"label":"","id":"ch02-p4-s8","source":"汽車と汽船の切符代と雑費を差し引いて、まだ十四円ほどある。","translation":"Subtracting the train and steamer fares and various expenses, I still had about fourteen yen left.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p4-s8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"汽車","lemma":"汽車","morphology":"noun","role":"coordinated with 汽船 by と","gloss":"train"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 汽車","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"汽船","lemma":"汽船","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 代","gloss":"steamer"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 汽船","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"切符","lemma":"切符","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 代","gloss":"ticket"},{"surface":"代","lemma":"代","morphology":"noun","role":"coordinated with 雑費 by と","gloss":"fare"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 代","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"雑費","lemma":"雑費","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 差し引い","gloss":"expenses"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 雑費","gloss":"(object marker)"},{"surface":"差し","lemma":"差す","morphology":"verb","role":"part of compound verb with 引い","gloss":"(prefix)","note":"差し引く 'subtract' is a fixed compound; 差し contributes little independent meaning here."},{"surface":"引い","lemma":"引く","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on ある","gloss":"subtracting"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 引い","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"まだ","lemma":"まだ","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ある","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"十四","lemma":"十四","morphology":"numeral","role":"compound with 円","gloss":"fourteen"},{"surface":"円","lemma":"円","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of ある","gloss":"yen"},{"surface":"ほど","lemma":"ほど","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 円","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"ある","lemma":"ある","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"remained"}]},{"number":65,"label":"","id":"ch02-p4-s9","source":"みんなやったってこれからは月給を貰うんだから構わない。","translation":"Even if I gave it all away it wouldn't matter, since I'd be getting a salary from now on.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p4-s9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"みんな","lemma":"みんな","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies やっ","gloss":"all of it"},{"surface":"やっ","lemma":"やる","morphology":"verb","role":"concessive clause on 構わ","gloss":"gave away"},{"surface":"たって","lemma":"たって","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking やっ","gloss":"even if"},{"surface":"これ","lemma":"これ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"part of これから (from now on)","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking これ","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking これ","gloss":"(topic marker)"},{"surface":"月給","lemma":"月給","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 貰う","gloss":"salary"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 月給","gloss":"(object marker)"},{"surface":"貰う","lemma":"貰う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 構わ","gloss":"will receive"},{"surface":"ん","lemma":"ん","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 貰う","gloss":"(explanatory)"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase ん","gloss":"(is)"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 貰う","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"構わ","lemma":"構う","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"matter"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 構わ","gloss":"not"}]},{"number":66,"label":"","id":"ch02-p4-s10","source":"田舎者はしみったれだから五円もやれば驚ろいて眼を廻すに極っている。","translation":"Country folk are stingy, so five yen was sure to make them faint with shock.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p4-s10.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"極っている","title":"Contraction «〜に極っている»","body":"«驚ろいて眼を廻すに極っている» «驚ろいて眼を廻すに極っている» uses «極る» for «きまる», corresponding to modern «〜に決まっている»: 'is bound to' or 'is sure to.' It expresses Botchan's confident prediction, not a contraction., 'is bound to / sure to' — a confident, almost boastful prediction."}],"words":[{"surface":"田舎者","lemma":"田舎者","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of しみったれ","gloss":"country folk"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 田舎者","gloss":"(topic marker)"},{"surface":"しみったれ","lemma":"しみったれ","morphology":"noun","role":"reason clause modifying 極っ","gloss":"stingy"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of しみったれ","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of しみったれ","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"五","lemma":"五","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies 円","gloss":"five"},{"surface":"円","lemma":"円","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of やれ","gloss":"yen"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 円","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"やれ","lemma":"やる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 驚ろい","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"ば","lemma":"ば","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of やれ","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"驚ろい","lemma":"驚く","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 極っ","gloss":"startled"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 驚ろい","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"眼","lemma":"眼","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 廻す","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 眼","gloss":"(object marker)"},{"surface":"廻す","lemma":"廻す","morphology":"verb","role":"clausal complement of 極っ","gloss":"spin"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 廻す","gloss":"(marks result)"},{"surface":"極っ","lemma":"極る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is bound to"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 極っ","gloss":"(continuous)"},{"surface":"いる","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"auxiliary of 極っ","gloss":"(state)"}]},{"number":67,"label":"","id":"ch02-p4-s11","source":"どうするか見ろと済して顔を洗って、部屋へ帰って待ってると、夕べの下女が膳を持って来た。","translation":"Thinking I'd show them, I washed my face with an air of composure, went back to my room and waited, and the same maid from last night brought in my tray.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p4-s11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"どう","lemma":"どう","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies する","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"する","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"clausal complement of 見ろ","gloss":"(I'll) do"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking する","gloss":"(question marker)"},{"surface":"見ろ","lemma":"見る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 済し","gloss":"watch"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 見ろ","gloss":"(quote marker)"},{"surface":"済し","lemma":"済ます","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 洗っ","gloss":"putting on airs","note":"used colloquially like 澄ます, 'to affect an air of composure'."},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 済し","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"顔","lemma":"顔","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 洗っ","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 顔","gloss":"(object marker)"},{"surface":"洗っ","lemma":"洗う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 待っ","gloss":"washed"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 洗っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"部屋","lemma":"部屋","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 帰っ","gloss":"room"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 部屋","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"帰っ","lemma":"帰る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 待っ","gloss":"returned"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 帰っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"待っ","lemma":"待つ","morphology":"verb","role":"temporal clause modifying 来 (with と)","gloss":"waited"},{"surface":"てる","lemma":"てる","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 待っ","gloss":"(progressive)"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 待っ","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"夕べ","lemma":"夕べ","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 下女","gloss":"last night"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 夕べ","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"下女","lemma":"下女","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 持っ","gloss":"maid"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 下女","gloss":"(subject marker)"},{"surface":"膳","lemma":"膳","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 持っ","gloss":"tray"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 膳","gloss":"(object marker)"},{"surface":"持っ","lemma":"持つ","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 来","gloss":"carrying"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 持っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"来","lemma":"来る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 来","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":68,"label":"","id":"ch02-p4-s12","source":"盆を持って給仕をしながら、やににやにや笑ってる。","translation":"While serving me from the tray she kept smirking away.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p4-s12.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"盆","lemma":"盆","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 持っ","gloss":"tray"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 盆","gloss":"(object marker)"},{"surface":"持っ","lemma":"持つ","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on し","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 持っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"給仕","lemma":"給仕","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of し","gloss":"serving"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 給仕","gloss":"(object marker)"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 笑っ","gloss":"doing"},{"surface":"ながら","lemma":"ながら","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of し","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"や","lemma":"やに","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of adverb やに, modifies 笑っ","gloss":"very","note":"やに is an old colloquial adverb meaning 'awfully/very', split across two tokens here (や + に)."},{"surface":"に","lemma":"やに","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of adverb やに, modifies 笑っ","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"にやにや","lemma":"にやにや","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 笑っ","gloss":"smirkingly"},{"surface":"笑っ","lemma":"笑う","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"smirking"},{"surface":"てる","lemma":"てる","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 笑っ","gloss":"(progressive)"}]},{"number":69,"label":"","id":"ch02-p4-s13","source":"失敬な奴だ。","translation":"What an insolent creature.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p4-s13.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"失敬","lemma":"失敬","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies 奴","gloss":"insolent"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 失敬","gloss":"(attributive)"},{"surface":"奴","lemma":"奴","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"creature"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 奴","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":70,"label":"","id":"ch02-p4-s14","source":"顔のなかをお祭りでも通りゃしまいし。","translation":"It wasn't as if there was some festival parading across her face.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p4-s14.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"顔","lemma":"顔","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies なか","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 顔","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"なか","lemma":"なか","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 通りゃ","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking なか","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"お","lemma":"お","morphology":"prefix","role":"compound with 祭り","gloss":"(honorific)"},{"surface":"祭り","lemma":"祭り","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 通りゃ","gloss":"festival"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 祭り","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 祭り","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"通りゃ","lemma":"通る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"pass through"},{"surface":"しまい","lemma":"まい","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 通りゃ","gloss":"surely won't"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"し","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence-final particle on 通りゃ","gloss":"(emphasis)"}]},{"number":71,"label":"","id":"ch02-p4-s15","source":"これでもこの下女の面よりよっぽど上等だ。","translation":"Even mine was a good deal finer than that maid's face.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p4-s15.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"これ","lemma":"これ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of 上等 (with でも, even this)","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking これ","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking これ","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"この","lemma":"この","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of 下女","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"下女","lemma":"下女","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 面","gloss":"maid"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 下女","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"面","lemma":"面","morphology":"noun","role":"standard of comparison for 上等","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"より","lemma":"より","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 面","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"よっぽど","lemma":"よっぽど","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 上等","gloss":"far more"},{"surface":"上等","lemma":"上等","morphology":"noun","role":"main predicate of the sentence","gloss":"superior"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 上等","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":72,"label":"","id":"ch02-p4-s16","source":"飯を済ましてからにしようと思っていたが、癪に障ったから、中途で五円札を一枚出して、あとでこれを帳場へ持って行けと云ったら、下女は変な顔をしていた。","translation":"I'd meant to wait until after I'd finished eating, but it got on my nerves, so partway through I pulled out a five-yen note and told her to take it to the front desk afterward, and the maid made a strange face.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p4-s16.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"飯","lemma":"飯","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 済まし","gloss":"meal"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 飯","gloss":"(object marker)"},{"surface":"済まし","lemma":"済ます","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on しよう","gloss":"finishing"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 済まし","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 済まし","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 済まし","gloss":"(purpose marker)"},{"surface":"しよう","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"clausal complement of 思っ","gloss":"decided to"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking しよう","gloss":"(quote marker)"},{"surface":"思っ","lemma":"思う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 障っ","gloss":"intended"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 思っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"い","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"auxiliary of 思っ","gloss":"(was)"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 思っ","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 思っ","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"癪","lemma":"癪","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 障っ","gloss":"irritation"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 癪","gloss":"(marks target)"},{"surface":"障っ","lemma":"障る","morphology":"verb","role":"reason clause modifying 出し","gloss":"grated on me"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 障っ","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 障っ","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"中途","lemma":"中途","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 出し","gloss":"partway through"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 中途","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"五","lemma":"五","morphology":"numeral","role":"compound with 札","gloss":"five"},{"surface":"円","lemma":"円","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 札","gloss":"yen"},{"surface":"札","lemma":"札","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 出し","gloss":"note"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 札","gloss":"(object marker)"},{"surface":"一","lemma":"一","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies 枚","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"枚","lemma":"枚","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 出し","gloss":"sheet"},{"surface":"出し","lemma":"出す","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 云っ","gloss":"pulled out"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 出し","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"あと","lemma":"あと","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 持っ","gloss":"later"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking あと","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"これ","lemma":"これ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of 持っ","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking これ","gloss":"(object marker)"},{"surface":"帳場","lemma":"帳場","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 持っ","gloss":"front desk"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 帳場","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"持っ","lemma":"持つ","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 行け","gloss":"take"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 持っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"行け","lemma":"行く","morphology":"verb","role":"clausal complement of 云っ","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 行け","gloss":"(quote marker)"},{"surface":"云っ","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"conditional clause modifying し","gloss":"told"},{"surface":"たら","lemma":"たら","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 云っ","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"下女","lemma":"下女","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of し","gloss":"maid"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 下女","gloss":"(topic marker)"},{"surface":"変","lemma":"変","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies 顔","gloss":"strange"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 変","gloss":"(attributive)"},{"surface":"顔","lemma":"顔","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of し","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 顔","gloss":"(object marker)"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of し","gloss":"(continuous)"},{"surface":"い","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"auxiliary of し","gloss":"(was)"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of し","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":73,"label":"","id":"ch02-p4-s17","source":"それから飯を済ましてすぐ学校へ出懸けた。","translation":"After that I finished my meal and set straight off for the school.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p4-s17.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"それ","lemma":"それ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"object of から","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase それ","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"飯","lemma":"飯","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 済まし","gloss":"meal"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 飯","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"済まし","lemma":"済ます","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 出","gloss":"finished"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 済まし","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"すぐ","lemma":"すぐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 出","gloss":"right away"},{"surface":"学校","lemma":"学校","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 出","gloss":"school"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 学校","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"出","lemma":"出る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 懸け","gloss":"went out"},{"surface":"懸け","lemma":"懸ける","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"set off"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 懸け","gloss":"past"}]},{"number":74,"label":"","id":"ch02-p4-s18","source":"靴は磨いてなかった。","translation":"My shoes hadn't been polished.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p4-s18.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"靴","lemma":"靴","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 磨い","gloss":"shoes"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 靴","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"磨い","lemma":"磨く","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"polished"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 磨い","gloss":"and","note":"colloquial contraction of 磨いていなかった, dropping いない to てなかった"},{"surface":"なかっ","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 磨い","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 磨い","gloss":"past"}]},{"number":75,"label":"5","id":"ch02-p5-s1","source":"学校は昨日車で乗りつけたから、大概の見当は分っている。","translation":"I'd come to the school by rickshaw the day before, so I had a rough idea of the way.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p5-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"学校","lemma":"学校","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 乗り","gloss":"school"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 学校","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"昨日","lemma":"昨日","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 乗り","gloss":"yesterday"},{"surface":"車","lemma":"車","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 乗り","gloss":"rickshaw"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 車","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"乗り","lemma":"乗る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 分っ","gloss":"rode"},{"surface":"つけ","lemma":"つける","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 分っ","gloss":"arrived"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of つけ","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of つけ","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"大概","lemma":"大概","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies 見当","gloss":"rough"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 大概","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"見当","lemma":"見当","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 分っ","gloss":"idea"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 見当","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"分っ","lemma":"分る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 分っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"いる","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"have"}]},{"number":76,"label":"","id":"ch02-p5-s2","source":"四つ角を二三度曲がったらすぐ門の前へ出た。","translation":"After turning a couple of corners I came right out in front of the gate.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p5-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"四つ角","lemma":"四つ角","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 曲がっ","gloss":"corners"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 四つ角","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"二三","lemma":"二三","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 度","gloss":"two or three"},{"surface":"度","lemma":"度","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 曲がっ","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"曲がっ","lemma":"曲がる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 出","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"たら","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 曲がっ","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"すぐ","lemma":"すぐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 出","gloss":"right away"},{"surface":"門","lemma":"門","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 前","gloss":"gate"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 門","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"前","lemma":"前","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 出","gloss":"front"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 前","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"出","lemma":"出る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came out"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 出","gloss":"past"}]},{"number":77,"label":"","id":"ch02-p5-s3","source":"門から玄関までは御影石で敷きつめてある。","translation":"From the gate to the entrance the whole path was paved with granite.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p5-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"門","lemma":"門","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of つめ","gloss":"gate"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 門","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"玄関","lemma":"玄関","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of つめ","gloss":"entrance"},{"surface":"まで","lemma":"まで","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 玄関","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 玄関","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"御影","lemma":"御影","morphology":"proper noun","role":"compound with 石","gloss":"granite"},{"surface":"石","lemma":"石","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 敷き","gloss":"stone"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 石","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"敷き","lemma":"敷く","morphology":"verb","role":"compound with つめ","gloss":"laid"},{"surface":"つめ","lemma":"つめる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"paved"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of つめ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ある","lemma":"ある","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":78,"label":"","id":"ch02-p5-s4","source":"きのうこの敷石の上を車でがらがらと通った時は、無暗に仰山な音がするので少し弱った。","translation":"Yesterday, when the rickshaw had rattled and clattered over these very stones, the ridiculously loud racket put me out a little.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p5-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"きのう","lemma":"きのう","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 弱っ","gloss":"yesterday"},{"surface":"この","lemma":"この","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of 敷石","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"敷石","lemma":"敷石","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 上","gloss":"paving stones"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 敷石","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"上","lemma":"上","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 通っ","gloss":"surface"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 上","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"車","lemma":"車","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 通っ","gloss":"rickshaw"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 車","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"がらがら","lemma":"がらがら","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 通っ","gloss":"clattering"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking がらがら","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"通っ","lemma":"通る","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 時","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 通っ","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"時","lemma":"時","morphology":"noun","role":"topic of 弱っ","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 時","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"無暗","lemma":"無暗","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on 仰山","gloss":"excessively"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbializer of 無暗","gloss":"-ly"},{"surface":"仰山","lemma":"仰山","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 音","gloss":"loud"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 仰山","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"音","lemma":"音","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of する","gloss":"sound"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 音","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"する","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 弱っ","gloss":"occurring"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of する","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase の","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"少し","lemma":"少し","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 弱っ","gloss":"a little"},{"surface":"弱っ","lemma":"弱る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wore out"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 弱っ","gloss":"past"}]},{"number":79,"label":"","id":"ch02-p5-s5","source":"途中から小倉の制服を着た生徒にたくさん逢ったが、みんなこの門をはいって行く。","translation":"Along the way I ran into a great many students in cotton twill uniforms, all of them heading in through this same gate.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p5-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"途中","lemma":"途中","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 着","gloss":"on the way"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 途中","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"小倉","lemma":"小倉","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies 制服","gloss":"cotton twill"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 小倉","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"制服","lemma":"制服","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 着","gloss":"uniforms"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 制服","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"着","lemma":"着る","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 生徒","gloss":"wearing"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 着","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"生徒","lemma":"生徒","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 逢っ","gloss":"students"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 生徒","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"たくさん","lemma":"たくさん","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 逢っ","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"逢っ","lemma":"逢う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on はいっ","gloss":"met"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 逢っ","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 逢っ","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"みんな","lemma":"みんな","morphology":"adverb","role":"oblique complement of はいっ","gloss":"all of them"},{"surface":"この","lemma":"この","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of 門","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"門","lemma":"門","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of はいっ","gloss":"gate"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 門","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"はいっ","lemma":"はいる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 行く","gloss":"went in"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of はいっ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"行く","lemma":"行く","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"were heading"}]},{"number":80,"label":"","id":"ch02-p5-s6","source":"中にはおれより背が高くって強そうなのが居る。","translation":"Some of them were taller and tougher-looking than me.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p5-s6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"中","lemma":"中","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 居る","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 中","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 中","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"standard of comparison for 高く","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"より","lemma":"より","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"背","lemma":"背","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 高く","gloss":"height"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 背","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"高く","lemma":"高い","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on 強","gloss":"taller"},{"surface":"って","lemma":"って","morphology":"particle","role":"auxiliary of 高く","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"強","lemma":"強い","morphology":"adjective","role":"depends on 居る","gloss":"tough"},{"surface":"そう","lemma":"そう","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 強","gloss":"looking"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 強","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 強","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 強","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"居る","lemma":"居る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"are"}]},{"number":81,"label":"","id":"ch02-p5-s7","source":"あんな奴を教えるのかと思ったら何だか気味が悪るくなった。","translation":"The thought that I'd be teaching fellows like that gave me an unpleasant, uneasy feeling.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p5-s7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"あんな","lemma":"あんな","morphology":"determiner","role":"clause modifying 奴","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"奴","lemma":"奴","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 教える","gloss":"fellows"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 奴","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"教える","lemma":"教える","morphology":"verb","role":"clausal complement of 思っ","gloss":"teaching"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 教える","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 教える","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 教える","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"思っ","lemma":"思う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on なっ","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"たら","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 思っ","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"何","lemma":"何","morphology":"pronoun","role":"adverbial clause on なっ","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 何","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 何","gloss":"or other"},{"surface":"気味","lemma":"気味","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of なっ","gloss":"feeling"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 気味","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"悪るく","lemma":"悪い","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on なっ","gloss":"unpleasant","note":"old spelling of 悪い (modern 悪く)"},{"surface":"なっ","lemma":"なる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of なっ","gloss":"past"}]},{"number":82,"label":"","id":"ch02-p5-s8","source":"名刺を出したら校長室へ通した。","translation":"I handed over my card and was shown into the principal's office.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p5-s8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"名刺","lemma":"名刺","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 出し","gloss":"card"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 名刺","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"出し","lemma":"出す","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 通し","gloss":"handed over"},{"surface":"たら","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 出し","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"校長","lemma":"校長","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 室","gloss":"principal"},{"surface":"室","lemma":"室","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 通し","gloss":"office"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 室","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"通し","lemma":"通す","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"showed in"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 通し","gloss":"past"}]},{"number":83,"label":"","id":"ch02-p5-s9","source":"校長は薄髯のある、色の黒い、目の大きな狸のような男である。","translation":"The principal was a dark-skinned, big-eyed man with a wispy beard, looking for all the world like a raccoon dog.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p5-s9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"校長","lemma":"校長","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of ある","gloss":"principal"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 校長","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"薄","lemma":"薄い","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies 髯","gloss":"thin"},{"surface":"髯","lemma":"髯","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies ある","gloss":"beard"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 髯","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"ある","lemma":"ある","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 男","gloss":"having"},{"surface":"色","lemma":"色","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 黒い","gloss":"complexion"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 色","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"黒い","lemma":"黒い","morphology":"adjective","role":"compound with ある","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"目","lemma":"目","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 狸","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 目","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"大きな","lemma":"大きな","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies 狸","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"狸","lemma":"狸","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies よう","gloss":"raccoon dog"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 狸","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"よう","lemma":"よう","morphology":"noun","role":"clause modifying 男","gloss":"resembling"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to よう","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"男","lemma":"男","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 男","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ある","lemma":"ある","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase で","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":84,"label":"","id":"ch02-p5-s10","source":"やにもったいぶっていた。","translation":"He put on tremendous airs of self-importance.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p5-s10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"や","lemma":"いやに","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies もったい","gloss":"awfully","note":"colloquial elision of いやに (excessively) to や"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase や","gloss":"-ly"},{"surface":"もったい","lemma":"もったい","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with ぶっ","gloss":"airs"},{"surface":"ぶっ","lemma":"ぶる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"put on"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ぶっ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"い","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of ぶっ","gloss":"past"}]},{"number":85,"label":"","id":"ch02-p5-s11","source":"まあ精出して勉強してくれと云って、恭しく大きな印の捺った、辞令を渡した。","translation":"He told me, Well, apply yourself and work hard, and reverently handed me my letter of appointment stamped with a big seal.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p5-s11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"まあ","lemma":"まあ","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 渡し","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"精出し","lemma":"精出す","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 勉強","gloss":"work hard"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 精出し","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"勉強","lemma":"勉強","morphology":"verb","role":"clausal complement of 云っ","gloss":"study"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 勉強","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 勉強","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"くれ","lemma":"くれる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 勉強","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"云っ","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 渡し","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 云っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"恭しく","lemma":"恭しい","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on 渡し","gloss":"reverently"},{"surface":"大きな","lemma":"大きな","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies 印","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"印","lemma":"印","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 捺っ","gloss":"seal"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 印","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"捺","lemma":"捺る","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 辞令","gloss":"stamped"},{"surface":"っ","lemma":"捺る","morphology":"verb","role":"auxiliary of 捺","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of っ","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"辞令","lemma":"辞令","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 渡し","gloss":"letter of appointment"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 辞令","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"渡し","lemma":"渡す","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"handed"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 渡し","gloss":"past"}]},{"number":86,"label":"","id":"ch02-p5-s12","source":"この辞令は東京へ帰るとき丸めて海の中へ抛り込んでしまった。","translation":"When I later went back to Tokyo I balled this letter up and flung it into the sea.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p5-s12.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"この","lemma":"この","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of 辞令","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"辞令","lemma":"辞令","morphology":"noun","role":"notional object of 込ん","gloss":"letter"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 辞令","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"東京","lemma":"東京","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of 帰る","gloss":"Tokyo"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 東京","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"帰る","lemma":"帰る","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying とき","gloss":"returning"},{"surface":"とき","lemma":"とき","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 丸め","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"丸め","lemma":"丸める","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 込ん","gloss":"balled up"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 丸め","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"海","lemma":"海","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 中","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 海","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"中","lemma":"中","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 込ん","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 中","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"抛り","lemma":"抛る","morphology":"verb","role":"compound with 込ん","gloss":"flung"},{"surface":"込ん","lemma":"込む","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"threw in"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 込ん","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"しまっ","lemma":"しまう","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase で","gloss":"completely"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 込ん","gloss":"past"}]},{"number":87,"label":"","id":"ch02-p5-s13","source":"校長は今に職員に紹介してやるから、一々その人にこの辞令を見せるんだと云って聞かした。","translation":"The principal told me that he would soon introduce me to the staff, and that I was to show this letter of appointment to each of them in turn.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p5-s13.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"校長","lemma":"校長","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 紹介","gloss":"the principal"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 校長","gloss":"topic marker"},{"surface":"今","lemma":"今","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 紹介","gloss":"soon","note":"今に together is an idiom meaning 'soon, before long'."},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 今","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"職員","lemma":"職員","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 紹介","gloss":"the staff"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 職員","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"紹介","lemma":"紹介","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 見せる","gloss":"introduce"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 紹介","gloss":"does"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 紹介","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"やる","lemma":"やる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"as a favor"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 紹介","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"一々","lemma":"一々","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 見せる","gloss":"one by one"},{"surface":"その","lemma":"その","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of 人","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"人","lemma":"人","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 見せる","gloss":"person"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 人","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"この","lemma":"この","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of 辞令","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"辞令","lemma":"辞令","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 見せる","gloss":"letter of appointment"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 辞令","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"見せる","lemma":"見せる","morphology":"verb","role":"clausal complement of 云っ","gloss":"show"},{"surface":"ん","lemma":"ん","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 見せる","gloss":"(nominalizer)"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase ん","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 見せる","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"云っ","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 聞かし","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 云っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"聞かし","lemma":"聞かす","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"told"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 聞かし","gloss":"past tense"}]},{"number":88,"label":"","id":"ch02-p5-s14","source":"余計な手数だ。","translation":"What needless trouble.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p5-s14.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"余計","lemma":"余計","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 手数","gloss":"needless"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 余計","gloss":"attributive marker"},{"surface":"手数","lemma":"手数","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"trouble"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 手数","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":89,"label":"","id":"ch02-p5-s15","source":"そんな面倒な事をするよりこの辞令を三日間職員室へ張り付ける方がましだ。","translation":"Rather than go through all that bother, it would be far simpler just to pin the thing up in the staff room for three days.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p5-s15.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"そんな","lemma":"そんな","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies 事","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"面倒","lemma":"面倒","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 事","gloss":"troublesome"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 面倒","gloss":"attributive marker"},{"surface":"事","lemma":"事","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of する","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 事","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"する","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on まし","gloss":"doing"},{"surface":"より","lemma":"より","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of する","gloss":"rather than"},{"surface":"この","lemma":"この","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of 辞令","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"辞令","lemma":"辞令","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of まし","gloss":"letter of appointment"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 辞令","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"三","lemma":"三","morphology":"numeral","role":"compound with 室","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"日間","lemma":"日間","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 室","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"職員","lemma":"職員","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 室","gloss":"staff"},{"surface":"室","lemma":"室","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 張り","gloss":"room"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 室","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"張り","lemma":"張る","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 方","gloss":"pin"},{"surface":"付ける","lemma":"付ける","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 方","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"方","lemma":"方","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of まし","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 方","gloss":"subject marker"},{"surface":"まし","lemma":"まし","morphology":"adjective","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of まし","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":90,"label":"6","id":"ch02-p6-s1","source":"教員が控所へ揃うには一時間目の喇叭が鳴らなくてはならぬ。","translation":"The teachers wouldn't all gather in the staff room until the bugle for the first period sounded.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p6-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"教員","lemma":"教員","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 鳴ら","gloss":"the teachers"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 教員","gloss":"subject marker"},{"surface":"控","lemma":"控","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 所","gloss":"waiting"},{"surface":"所","lemma":"所","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 鳴ら","gloss":"room"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 所","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"揃う","lemma":"揃う","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 鳴ら","gloss":"gather"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 揃う","gloss":"in order to"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 揃う","gloss":"topic marker"},{"surface":"一","lemma":"一","morphology":"numeral","role":"compound with 目","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"時間","lemma":"時間","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 目","gloss":"period"},{"surface":"目","lemma":"目","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 喇叭","gloss":"-th"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 目","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"喇叭","lemma":"喇叭","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 鳴ら","gloss":"bugle"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 喇叭","gloss":"subject marker"},{"surface":"鳴ら","lemma":"鳴る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sound"},{"surface":"なく","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 鳴ら","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase なく","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"topic marker"},{"surface":"なら","lemma":"なる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"ぬ","lemma":"ぬ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase なく","gloss":"not","note":"なくてはならぬ together is a double-negative construction meaning 'must'."}]},{"number":91,"label":"","id":"ch02-p6-s2","source":"大分時間がある。","translation":"There was still a good deal of time left.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p6-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"大分","lemma":"大分","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ある","gloss":"quite a bit"},{"surface":"時間","lemma":"時間","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of ある","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 時間","gloss":"subject marker"},{"surface":"ある","lemma":"ある","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"there is"}]},{"number":92,"label":"","id":"ch02-p6-s3","source":"校長は時計を出して見て、追々ゆるりと話すつもりだが、まず大体の事を呑み込んでおいてもらおうと云って、それから教育の精神について長いお談義を聞かした。","translation":"The principal took out his watch, glanced at it, and said that although he meant to talk things over with me at leisure later, he'd first like me to grasp the general picture, and then he treated me to a long lecture on the spirit of education.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p6-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"校長","lemma":"校長","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 出し","gloss":"the principal"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 校長","gloss":"topic marker"},{"surface":"時計","lemma":"時計","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 出し","gloss":"watch"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 時計","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"出し","lemma":"出す","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 話す","gloss":"took out"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 出し","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"見","lemma":"見る","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"looked"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 出し","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"追々","lemma":"追々","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with ゆるり","gloss":"gradually"},{"surface":"ゆるり","lemma":"ゆるり","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 話す","gloss":"at leisure"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking ゆるり","gloss":"manner marker"},{"surface":"話す","lemma":"話す","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying つもり","gloss":"talk over"},{"surface":"つもり","lemma":"つもり","morphology":"noun","role":"adverbial clause on 聞かし","gloss":"intends to"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to つもり","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of つもり","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"まず","lemma":"まず","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 呑み","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"大体","lemma":"大体","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 事","gloss":"general"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 大体","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"事","lemma":"事","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 呑み","gloss":"picture"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 事","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"呑み","lemma":"呑む","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 云っ","gloss":"grasp"},{"surface":"込ん","lemma":"込む","morphology":"verb","role":"clausal complement of 云っ","gloss":"thoroughly"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 込ん","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"おい","lemma":"おく","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase で","gloss":"in advance"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 込ん","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"もらおう","lemma":"もらう","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"would like me to"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 込ん","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"云っ","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 聞かし","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 云っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"それ","lemma":"それ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of 聞かし","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking それ","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"教育","lemma":"教育","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 精神","gloss":"education"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 教育","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"精神","lemma":"精神","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 聞かし","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 精神","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"つい","lemma":"つく","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase に","gloss":"concerning"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase に","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"長い","lemma":"長い","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 談義","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"お","lemma":"お","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 談義","gloss":"honorific prefix"},{"surface":"談義","lemma":"談義","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 聞かし","gloss":"lecture"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 談義","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"聞かし","lemma":"聞かす","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 聞かし","gloss":"past tense"}]},{"number":93,"label":"","id":"ch02-p6-s4","source":"おれは無論いい加減に聞いていたが、途中からこれは飛んだ所へ来たと思った。","translation":"Naturally I listened to it half-heartedly, but partway through it struck me that I'd landed myself in an outrageous fix.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p6-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 聞い","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"topic marker"},{"surface":"無論","lemma":"無論","morphology":"adverb","role":"compound with いい","gloss":"of course"},{"surface":"いい","lemma":"いい","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 加減","gloss":"half-hearted","note":"いい加減に is an idiom meaning 'half-heartedly, perfunctorily'."},{"surface":"加減","lemma":"加減","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 聞い","gloss":"-heartedly"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 加減","gloss":"adverb marker"},{"surface":"聞い","lemma":"聞く","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 思っ","gloss":"listened"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 聞い","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"い","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 聞い","gloss":"past tense"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 聞い","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"途中","lemma":"途中","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 来","gloss":"partway through"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 途中","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"これ","lemma":"これ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of 来","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking これ","gloss":"topic marker"},{"surface":"飛ん","lemma":"飛ぶ","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 所","gloss":"outrageous","note":"飛んだ所へ来た is idiomatic for landing in an outrageous fix; 飛ぶ literally means 'to fly/jump'."},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 飛ん","gloss":"past tense"},{"surface":"所","lemma":"所","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 来","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 所","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"来","lemma":"来る","morphology":"verb","role":"clausal complement of 思っ","gloss":"had come"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 来","gloss":"past tense"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 来","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"思っ","lemma":"思う","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 思っ","gloss":"past tense"}]},{"number":94,"label":"","id":"ch02-p6-s5","source":"校長の云うようにはとても出来ない。","translation":"There was simply no way I could live up to what the principal was saying.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p6-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"校長","lemma":"校長","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 云う","gloss":"the principal"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 校長","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"云う","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 出来","gloss":"says"},{"surface":"よう","lemma":"よう","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 出来","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking よう","gloss":"in the way"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 云う","gloss":"topic marker"},{"surface":"とても","lemma":"とても","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 出来","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"出来","lemma":"出来る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"can do"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 出来","gloss":"not"}]},{"number":95,"label":"","id":"ch02-p6-s6","source":"おれみたような無鉄砲なものをつらまえて、生徒の模範になれの、一校の師表と仰がれなくてはいかんの、学問以外に個人の徳化を及ぼさなくては教育者になれないの、と無暗に法外な注文をする。","translation":"Here he was, laying wild, unreasonable demands on a reckless character like me—be a model for the students, be looked up to as a paragon for the whole school, an educator has to shape the character of his students beyond mere scholarship or he's no educator at all.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p6-s6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"の…の…の","title":"Quotative «〜の» chaining demands","body":"The principal's list — «模範になれの、…仰がれなくてはいかんの、…教育者になれないの» — strings commands together with the colloquial quotative «〜の», each clause a separate demand tacked on like items on a list; it mimics the breathless, moralizing lecture Botchan is only half-listening to."}],"words":[{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"object of comparison with み, modifies もの","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"み","lemma":"みたい","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying もの","gloss":"resembling","note":"おれみたような is colloquial for おれみたいな, 'like me'."},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of み","gloss":"past tense"},{"surface":"よう","lemma":"よう","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of み","gloss":"manner"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of み","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"無鉄砲","lemma":"無鉄砲","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying もの","gloss":"reckless"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 無鉄砲","gloss":"attributive marker"},{"surface":"もの","lemma":"もの","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of つらまえ","gloss":"fellow"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking もの","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"つらまえ","lemma":"つらまえる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on なれ","gloss":"grabbed"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of つらまえ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"生徒","lemma":"生徒","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 模範","gloss":"the students'"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 生徒","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"模範","lemma":"模範","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of なれ","gloss":"model"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 模範","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"なれ","lemma":"なる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 仰が","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of なれ","gloss":"quote marker"},{"surface":"一","lemma":"一","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies 校","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"校","lemma":"校","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 師表","gloss":"school"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 校","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"師表","lemma":"師表","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 仰が","gloss":"paragon"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 師表","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"仰が","lemma":"仰ぐ","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on なれ","gloss":"look up to"},{"surface":"れ","lemma":"れる","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 仰が","gloss":"passive marker"},{"surface":"なく","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 仰が","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 仰が","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 仰が","gloss":"topic marker"},{"surface":"いかん","lemma":"いかん","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on なれ","gloss":"won't do"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of いかん","gloss":"quote marker"},{"surface":"学問","lemma":"学問","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 以外","gloss":"scholarship"},{"surface":"以外","lemma":"以外","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 及ぼさ","gloss":"besides"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 以外","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"個人","lemma":"個人","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 徳化","gloss":"individual"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 個人","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"徳化","lemma":"徳化","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 及ぼさ","gloss":"moral influence"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 徳化","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"及ぼさ","lemma":"及ぼす","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on なれ","gloss":"exert"},{"surface":"なく","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 及ぼさ","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 及ぼさ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 及ぼさ","gloss":"topic marker"},{"surface":"教育","lemma":"教育","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 者","gloss":"education"},{"surface":"者","lemma":"者","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of なれ","gloss":"-ist"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 者","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"なれ","lemma":"なれる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on する","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of なれ","gloss":"cannot"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of なれ","gloss":"quote marker"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking なれ","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"無暗","lemma":"無暗","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on 法外","gloss":"reckless"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 無暗","gloss":"-ly"},{"surface":"法外","lemma":"法外","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 注文","gloss":"unreasonable"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 法外","gloss":"attributive marker"},{"surface":"注文","lemma":"注文","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of する","gloss":"demands"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 注文","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"する","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"makes"}]},{"number":96,"label":"","id":"ch02-p6-s7","source":"そんなえらい人が月給四十円で遥々こんな田舎へくるもんか。","translation":"Would a man that splendid really come all the way out to a country place like this for a salary of forty yen a month?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p6-s7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"そんな","lemma":"そんな","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies 人","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"えらい","lemma":"えらい","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 人","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"人","lemma":"人","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of くる","gloss":"a person"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 人","gloss":"subject marker"},{"surface":"月給","lemma":"月給","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 円","gloss":"monthly salary"},{"surface":"四十","lemma":"四十","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 円","gloss":"forty"},{"surface":"円","lemma":"円","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of くる","gloss":"yen"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 円","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"遥々","lemma":"遥々","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies くる","gloss":"all the way"},{"surface":"こんな","lemma":"こんな","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies 田舎","gloss":"such a"},{"surface":"田舎","lemma":"田舎","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of くる","gloss":"countryside"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 田舎","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"くる","lemma":"くる","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying もん","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"もん","lemma":"もん","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"the type"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of もん","gloss":"as if!","note":"もんか is a rhetorical-question idiom expressing strong doubt: 'as if that would happen!'"}]},{"number":97,"label":"","id":"ch02-p6-s8","source":"人間は大概似たもんだ。","translation":"Most people are much the same.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p6-s8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"人間","lemma":"人間","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 似","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 人間","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"大概","lemma":"大概","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 似","gloss":"mostly"},{"surface":"似","lemma":"似る","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying もん","gloss":"resembled"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 似","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"もん","lemma":"もん","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to もん","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":98,"label":"","id":"ch02-p6-s9","source":"腹が立てば喧嘩の一つぐらいは誰でもするだろうと思ってたが、この様子じゃめったに口も聞けない、散歩も出来ない。","translation":"I'd figured that anybody would get into a fight now and then if angry enough, but from the sound of things here, I could hardly even speak up, let alone go out for a stroll.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p6-s9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"腹","lemma":"腹","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 立て","gloss":"temper"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 腹","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"立て","lemma":"立つ","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on する","gloss":"rises"},{"surface":"ば","lemma":"ば","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 立て","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"喧嘩","lemma":"喧嘩","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies つ","gloss":"a fight"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 喧嘩","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"一","lemma":"一","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies つ","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"つ","lemma":"つ","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of する","gloss":"(counter)"},{"surface":"ぐらい","lemma":"ぐらい","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking つ","gloss":"or so"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking つ","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"誰","lemma":"誰","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of する","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 誰","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 誰","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"する","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"clausal complement of 思っ","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"だろう","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of する","gloss":"probably"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking する","gloss":"quote"},{"surface":"思っ","lemma":"思う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 聞け","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"てる","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 思っ","gloss":"continuous"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 思っ","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 思っ","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"この","lemma":"この","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of 様子","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"様子","lemma":"様子","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 聞け","gloss":"situation"},{"surface":"じゃ","lemma":"じゃ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 様子","gloss":"given"},{"surface":"めった","lemma":"めった","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on 聞け","gloss":"rare"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbializer of めった","gloss":"-ly"},{"surface":"口","lemma":"口","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 聞け","gloss":"mouth"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 口","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"聞け","lemma":"聞ける","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 出来","gloss":"speak"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 聞け","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"散歩","lemma":"散歩","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 出来","gloss":"a stroll"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 散歩","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"出来","lemma":"出来る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 出来","gloss":"not"}]},{"number":99,"label":"","id":"ch02-p6-s10","source":"そんなむずかしい役なら雇う前にこれこれだと話すがいい。","translation":"If the job called for anything so difficult, they ought to have said so before hiring me.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p6-s10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"そんな","lemma":"そんな","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies 役","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"むずかしい","lemma":"むずかしい","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 役","gloss":"difficult"},{"surface":"役","lemma":"役","morphology":"noun","role":"adverbial clause on いい","gloss":"job"},{"surface":"なら","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 役","gloss":"if it were"},{"surface":"雇う","lemma":"雇う","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 前","gloss":"hire"},{"surface":"前","lemma":"前","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 話す","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 前","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"これ","lemma":"これ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies これ","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"これ","lemma":"これ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"adverbial clause on 話す","gloss":"and such"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to これ","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking これ","gloss":"quote"},{"surface":"話す","lemma":"話す","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on いい","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 話す","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"いい","lemma":"いい","morphology":"adjective","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"good"}]},{"number":100,"label":"","id":"ch02-p6-s11","source":"おれは嘘をつくのが嫌いだから、仕方がない、だまされて来たのだとあきらめて、思い切りよく、ここで断わって帰っちまおうと思った。","translation":"I hate telling lies, so I decided there was nothing for it, resigned myself to having been tricked into coming, and thought I'd better just refuse outright, here and now, and go straight back home.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p6-s11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of 嫌い","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"嘘","lemma":"嘘","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of つく","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 嘘","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"つく","lemma":"つく","morphology":"verb","role":"depends on 嫌い","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of つく","gloss":"the fact of"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking つく","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"嫌い","lemma":"嫌い","morphology":"noun","role":"adverbial clause on ない","gloss":"hate"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 嫌い","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 嫌い","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"仕方","lemma":"仕方","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of ない","gloss":"a way"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 仕方","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on だまさ","gloss":"none"},{"surface":"だまさ","lemma":"だます","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on あきらめ","gloss":"tricked"},{"surface":"れ","lemma":"れる","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of だまさ","gloss":"passive"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of だまさ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"来","lemma":"来る","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of だまさ","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of だまさ","gloss":"the fact"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase の","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking だまさ","gloss":"quote"},{"surface":"あきらめ","lemma":"あきらめる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on よく","gloss":"resigned myself"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of あきらめ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"思い切り","lemma":"思い切り","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies よく","gloss":"resolutely"},{"surface":"よく","lemma":"よい","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on 思っ","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"ここ","lemma":"ここ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of 断わっ","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking ここ","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"断わっ","lemma":"断わる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 帰っ","gloss":"refuse"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 断わっ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"帰っ","lemma":"帰る","morphology":"verb","role":"compound with ちまおう","gloss":"go home"},{"surface":"ちまおう","lemma":"ちまう","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 帰っ","gloss":"just (do)","note":"colloquial contraction of てしまおう, volitional of the completive てしまう."},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking ちまおう","gloss":"quote"},{"surface":"思っ","lemma":"思う","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 思っ","gloss":"past"}]},{"number":101,"label":"","id":"ch02-p6-s12","source":"宿屋へ五円やったから財布の中には九円なにがししかない。","translation":"Having given the inn five yen, I had only about nine yen and some change left in my wallet.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p6-s12.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"宿屋","lemma":"宿屋","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of やっ","gloss":"the inn"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 宿屋","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"五","lemma":"五","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies 円","gloss":"five"},{"surface":"円","lemma":"円","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of やっ","gloss":"yen"},{"surface":"やっ","lemma":"やる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on ない","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of やっ","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of やっ","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"財布","lemma":"財布","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 中","gloss":"wallet"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 財布","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"中","lemma":"中","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of ない","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 中","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 中","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"九","lemma":"九","morphology":"numeral","role":"compound with なにがし","gloss":"nine"},{"surface":"円","lemma":"円","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with なにがし","gloss":"yen"},{"surface":"なにがし","lemma":"なにがし","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of ない","gloss":"and some"},{"surface":"しか","lemma":"しか","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking なにがし","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"adjective","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"there isn't"}]},{"number":102,"label":"","id":"ch02-p6-s13","source":"九円じゃ東京までは帰れない。","translation":"Nine yen wouldn't get me all the way back to Tokyo.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p6-s13.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"九","lemma":"九","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies 円","gloss":"nine"},{"surface":"円","lemma":"円","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 帰れ","gloss":"yen"},{"surface":"じゃ","lemma":"じゃ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 円","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"東京","lemma":"東京","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of 帰れ","gloss":"Tokyo"},{"surface":"まで","lemma":"まで","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 東京","gloss":"all the way to"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 東京","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"帰れ","lemma":"帰れる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"can get back"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 帰れ","gloss":"not"}]},{"number":103,"label":"","id":"ch02-p6-s14","source":"茶代なんかやらなければよかった。","translation":"I shouldn't have given that tip after all.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p6-s14.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"茶代","lemma":"茶代","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of やら","gloss":"tip"},{"surface":"なんか","lemma":"なんか","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 茶代","gloss":"like that"},{"surface":"やら","lemma":"やる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on よかっ","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"なけれ","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of やら","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ば","lemma":"ば","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of やら","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"よかっ","lemma":"よい","morphology":"adjective","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"would've been good"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of よかっ","gloss":"past"}]},{"number":104,"label":"","id":"ch02-p6-s15","source":"惜しい事をした。","translation":"What a waste that had been.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p6-s15.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"惜しい","lemma":"惜しい","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 事","gloss":"wasteful"},{"surface":"事","lemma":"事","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of し","gloss":"a thing"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 事","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of し","gloss":"past"}]},{"number":105,"label":"","id":"ch02-p6-s16","source":"しかし九円だって、どうかならない事はない。","translation":"Still, even nine yen could be made to work somehow.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p6-s16.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"しかし","lemma":"しかし","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"九","lemma":"九","morphology":"numeral","role":"compound with 円","gloss":"nine"},{"surface":"円","lemma":"円","morphology":"noun","role":"adverbial clause on なら","gloss":"yen"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 円","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"って","lemma":"って","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 円","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"どう","lemma":"どう","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies なら","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking どう","gloss":"or other"},{"surface":"なら","lemma":"なる","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 事","gloss":"work out"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of なら","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"事","lemma":"事","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"a case"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 事","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase 事","gloss":"there isn't"}]},{"number":106,"label":"","id":"ch02-p6-s17","source":"旅費は足りなくっても嘘をつくよりましだと思って、到底あなたのおっしゃる通りにゃ、出来ません、この辞令は返しますと云ったら、校長は狸のような眼をぱちつかせておれの顔を見ていた。","translation":"Deciding that being short on travel money was still better than lying, I told him, 'I simply cannot do as you say, and I'll give this letter of appointment back,' and the principal blinked his raccoon-dog eyes and stared at my face.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p6-s17.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"出来ません","title":"Polite negative potential","body":"«出来ません» is the polite negative of «出来る» ('can do'), used here in Botchan's one moment of formal, careful speech to the principal — a deliberate register shift from his usual brusque interior voice."}],"words":[{"surface":"旅費","lemma":"旅費","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 足り","gloss":"travel money"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 旅費","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"足り","lemma":"足りる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 思っ","gloss":"is enough"},{"surface":"なくっ","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 足り","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 足り","gloss":"even if"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 足り","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"嘘","lemma":"嘘","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of つく","gloss":"a lie"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 嘘","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"つく","lemma":"つく","morphology":"verb","role":"compound with 足り","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"よりまし","lemma":"よりまし","morphology":"adjective","role":"clausal complement of 思っ","gloss":"better than"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to よりまし","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking よりまし","gloss":"quote"},{"surface":"思っ","lemma":"思う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 出来","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 思っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"到底","lemma":"到底","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 出来","gloss":"simply"},{"surface":"あなた","lemma":"あなた","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies 通り","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking あなた","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"おっしゃる","lemma":"おっしゃる","morphology":"verb","role":"compound with 通り","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"通り","lemma":"通り","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 出来","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"にゃ","lemma":"にゃ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 通り","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"出来","lemma":"出来る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 云っ","gloss":"can do"},{"surface":"ませ","lemma":"ます","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 出来","gloss":"polite"},{"surface":"ん","lemma":"ぬ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 出来","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"この","lemma":"この","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of 辞令","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"辞令","lemma":"辞令","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 返し","gloss":"letter of appointment"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 辞令","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"返し","lemma":"返す","morphology":"verb","role":"clausal complement of 云っ","gloss":"give back"},{"surface":"ます","lemma":"ます","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 返し","gloss":"polite"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 返し","gloss":"quote"},{"surface":"云っ","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 見","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"たら","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 云っ","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"校長","lemma":"校長","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 見","gloss":"principal"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 校長","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"狸","lemma":"狸","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies よう","gloss":"raccoon dog"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 狸","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"よう","lemma":"よう","morphology":"noun","role":"clause modifying 眼","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to よう","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"眼","lemma":"眼","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of ぱち","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 眼","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"ぱち","lemma":"ぱち","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 見","gloss":"blink"},{"surface":"つか","lemma":"つく","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on ぱち","gloss":"(verb)"},{"surface":"せ","lemma":"せる","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of つか","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of つか","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies 顔","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"顔","lemma":"顔","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 見","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 顔","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"見","lemma":"見る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"looked at"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 見","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"い","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"continuous"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 見","gloss":"past"}]},{"number":107,"label":"","id":"ch02-p6-s18","source":"やがて、今のはただ希望である、あなたが希望通り出来ないのはよく知っているから心配しなくってもいいと云いながら笑った。","translation":"After a moment he said, with a laugh, that what he'd just said was only a hope, that he knew perfectly well I couldn't live up to it, and that I needn't worry about it at all.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p6-s18.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"やがて","lemma":"やがて","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 希望","gloss":"presently"},{"surface":"今","lemma":"今","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 希望","gloss":"just now"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 今","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 今","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"ただ","lemma":"ただ","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 希望","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"希望","lemma":"希望","morphology":"noun","role":"adverbial clause on 心配","gloss":"a hope"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 希望","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ある","lemma":"ある","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase で","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"あなた","lemma":"あなた","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of 通り","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking あなた","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"希望","lemma":"希望","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 通り","gloss":"hope"},{"surface":"通り","lemma":"通り","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 心配","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"出来","lemma":"出来る","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying の","gloss":"can do"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 出来","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 通り","gloss":"the fact"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 通り","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"よく","lemma":"よく","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 知っ","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"知っ","lemma":"知る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 心配","gloss":"knows"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 知っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"いる","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"continuous"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 知っ","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"心配","lemma":"心配","morphology":"noun","role":"clausal complement of 云い","gloss":"worry"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 心配","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"なくっ","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 心配","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 心配","gloss":"even if"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"いい","lemma":"いい","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"is fine"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 心配","gloss":"quote"},{"surface":"云い","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 笑っ","gloss":"saying"},{"surface":"ながら","lemma":"ながら","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 云い","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"笑っ","lemma":"笑う","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"laughed"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 笑っ","gloss":"past"}]},{"number":108,"label":"","id":"ch02-p6-s19","source":"そのくらいよく知ってるなら、始めから威嚇さなければいいのに。","translation":"If he knew that much all along, he needn't have gone and frightened me in the first place.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p6-s19.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"その","lemma":"その","morphology":"determiner","role":"modifies くらい","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"くらい","lemma":"くらい","morphology":"particle","role":"degree marker, modifies 知っ","gloss":"to that extent"},{"surface":"よく","lemma":"よく","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 知っ","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"知っ","lemma":"知る","morphology":"verb","role":"conditional clause modifying 威嚇","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"てる","lemma":"てる","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 知っ","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"なら","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"conditional marker on 知っ","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"始め","lemma":"始め","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 威嚇","gloss":"beginning"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 始め","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"威嚇","lemma":"威嚇する","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"threaten"},{"surface":"さ","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"negative stem (dialectal) of 威嚇, mizenkei before なければ","gloss":"do","note":"威嚇さなければ is the colloquial/Edokko negative of the suru-verb 威嚇する (dialectal さ standing in for standard し before ない), not a causative. There is no させる/される here; the causative reading and the 'さす' lemma are unsupported by the text."},{"surface":"なけれ","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"negative auxiliary of 威嚇","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ば","lemma":"ば","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase なけれ","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"いい","lemma":"いい","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase なけれ","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 威嚇","gloss":"the fact that"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 威嚇","gloss":"though"}]},{"number":109,"label":"7","id":"ch02-p7-s1","source":"そう、こうする内に喇叭が鳴った。","translation":"Just then, while all this was going on, the bugle sounded.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p7-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"そう","lemma":"そう","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 鳴っ","gloss":"just then"},{"surface":"こう","lemma":"こう","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies する","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"する","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 内","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"内","lemma":"内","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 鳴っ","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 内","gloss":"during"},{"surface":"喇叭","lemma":"喇叭","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 鳴っ","gloss":"bugle"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 喇叭","gloss":"subject marker"},{"surface":"鳴っ","lemma":"鳴る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sounded"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 鳴っ","gloss":"past"}]},{"number":110,"label":"","id":"ch02-p7-s2","source":"教場の方が急にがやがやする。","translation":"Over in the classrooms it suddenly grew noisy.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p7-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"教場","lemma":"教場","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 方","gloss":"classroom"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 教場","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"方","lemma":"方","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of がやがや","gloss":"area"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 方","gloss":"subject marker"},{"surface":"急","lemma":"急","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on がやがや","gloss":"sudden"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 急","gloss":"-ly"},{"surface":"がやがや","lemma":"がやがや","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"noisy"},{"surface":"する","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of がやがや","gloss":"grew"}]},{"number":111,"label":"","id":"ch02-p7-s3","source":"もう教員も控所へ揃いましたろうと云うから、校長に尾いて教員控所へはいった。","translation":"The principal said the teachers must have gathered in the staff room by now, so I followed him in.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p7-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"もう","lemma":"もう","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 教員","gloss":"by now"},{"surface":"教員","lemma":"教員","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 揃い","gloss":"teachers"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 教員","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"控","lemma":"控え","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 揃い","gloss":"staff"},{"surface":"所","lemma":"所","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 揃い","gloss":"room"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 所","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"揃い","lemma":"揃う","morphology":"verb","role":"clausal complement of 云う","gloss":"gathered"},{"surface":"まし","lemma":"ます","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 揃い","gloss":"polite"},{"surface":"たろう","lemma":"だろう","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 揃い","gloss":"probably"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 揃い","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"云う","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on はいっ","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 云う","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"校長","lemma":"校長","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 尾い","gloss":"principal"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 校長","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"尾","lemma":"付く","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on はいっ","gloss":"following","note":"尾いて is Sōseki's ateji spelling (kanji 尾 chosen for the 'tail' imagery, furigana つ) for 付いて, from 付く 'to accompany/follow', not a separate word 尾く."},{"surface":"い","lemma":"付く","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the verb 尾いて","gloss":"following"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 尾い","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"教員","lemma":"教員","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 所","gloss":"teachers'"},{"surface":"控","lemma":"控え","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 所","gloss":"staff"},{"surface":"所","lemma":"所","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of はいっ","gloss":"room"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 所","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"はいっ","lemma":"はいる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"entered"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of はいっ","gloss":"past"}]},{"number":112,"label":"","id":"ch02-p7-s4","source":"広い細長い部屋の周囲に机を並べてみんな腰をかけている。","translation":"It was a long, wide room with desks lined up around the sides, everyone seated at them.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p7-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"広い","lemma":"広い","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 部屋","gloss":"wide"},{"surface":"細長い","lemma":"細長い","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 部屋","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"部屋","lemma":"部屋","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 周囲","gloss":"room"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 部屋","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"周囲","lemma":"周囲","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 並べ","gloss":"sides"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 周囲","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"机","lemma":"机","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 並べ","gloss":"desks"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 机","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"並べ","lemma":"並べる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on かけ","gloss":"lined up"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 並べ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"みんな","lemma":"みんな","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of かけ","gloss":"everyone"},{"surface":"腰","lemma":"腰","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of かけ","gloss":"hips","note":"腰をかける is idiomatic for ‘to sit down’, literally ‘to hang one's hips’."},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 腰","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"かけ","lemma":"かける","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seated"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of かけ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"いる","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"are"}]},{"number":113,"label":"","id":"ch02-p7-s5","source":"おれがはいったのを見て、みんな申し合せたようにおれの顔を見た。","translation":"When they saw me come in, every one of them looked at my face, as if by prior agreement.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p7-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of はいっ","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"subject marker"},{"surface":"はいっ","lemma":"はいる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 見","gloss":"came in"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of はいっ","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of はいっ","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking はいっ","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"見","lemma":"見る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 見","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 見","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"みんな","lemma":"みんな","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 見","gloss":"everyone"},{"surface":"申し","lemma":"申し合わせる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the compound 申し合わせ, modifies 見","gloss":"arranged"},{"surface":"合せ","lemma":"合わせる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the compound 申し合わせ, modifies 見","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 合せ","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"よう","lemma":"よう","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 合せ","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 合せ","gloss":"-ly"},{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies 顔","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"顔","lemma":"顔","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 見","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 顔","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"見","lemma":"見る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"looked at"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 見","gloss":"past"}]},{"number":114,"label":"","id":"ch02-p7-s6","source":"見世物じゃあるまいし。","translation":"I wasn't some sideshow exhibit.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p7-s6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"見世物","lemma":"見世物","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"sideshow exhibit"},{"surface":"じゃ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 見世物","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ある","lemma":"ある","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase じゃ","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"まい","lemma":"まい","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 見世物","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"し","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 見世物","gloss":"after all"}]},{"number":115,"label":"","id":"ch02-p7-s7","source":"それから申し付けられた通り一人一人の前へ行って辞令を出して挨拶をした。","translation":"After that, just as I'd been told, I went up to each person in turn, presented my letter of appointment, and paid my respects.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p7-s7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"それ","lemma":"それ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of 申し","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking それ","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"申し","lemma":"申し付ける","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on し","gloss":"told"},{"surface":"付け","lemma":"付ける","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 通り","gloss":"instructed"},{"surface":"られ","lemma":"られる","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 付け","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 付け","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"通り","lemma":"通り","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of し","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"一人一人","lemma":"一人一人","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 前","gloss":"each person"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 一人一人","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"前","lemma":"前","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 行っ","gloss":"front"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 前","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"行っ","lemma":"行く","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 出し","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 行っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"辞令","lemma":"辞令","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 出し","gloss":"letter of appointment"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 辞令","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"出し","lemma":"出す","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on し","gloss":"presented"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 出し","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"挨拶","lemma":"挨拶","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of し","gloss":"respects"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 挨拶","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"paid"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of し","gloss":"past"}]},{"number":116,"label":"","id":"ch02-p7-s8","source":"大概は椅子を離れて腰をかがめるばかりであったが、念の入ったのは差し出した辞令を受け取って一応拝見をしてそれを恭しく返却した。","translation":"Most of them simply rose from their chairs and bowed a little, but the more meticulous ones took the letter I offered, glanced it over, and then handed it back to me with great ceremony.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p7-s8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"大概","lemma":"大概","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of かがめる","gloss":"most (of them)"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 大概","gloss":"topic marker"},{"surface":"椅子","lemma":"椅子","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 離れ","gloss":"chair"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 椅子","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"離れ","lemma":"離れる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on かがめる","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 離れ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"腰","lemma":"腰","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of かがめる","gloss":"waist","note":"腰をかがめる, ‘to bend the waist’, means to bow slightly."},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 腰","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"かがめる","lemma":"かがめる","morphology":"verb","role":"main predicate of the first clause, contrasted with 返却","gloss":"bowed"},{"surface":"ばかり","lemma":"ばかり","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking かがめる","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of かがめる","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"あっ","lemma":"ある","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase で","gloss":"existed"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of かがめる","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of かがめる","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"念","lemma":"念","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 入っ","gloss":"care"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 念","gloss":"subject marker"},{"surface":"入っ","lemma":"入る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on し","gloss":"careful"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 入っ","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 入っ","gloss":"ones"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 入っ","gloss":"topic marker"},{"surface":"差し","lemma":"差し出す","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 辞令","gloss":"held out"},{"surface":"出し","lemma":"出す","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 辞令","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 出し","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"辞令","lemma":"辞令","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 受け","gloss":"letter of appointment"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 辞令","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"受け","lemma":"受ける","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on し","gloss":"received"},{"surface":"取っ","lemma":"取る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on し","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 取っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"一応","lemma":"一応","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies し","gloss":"once over"},{"surface":"拝見","lemma":"拝見","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of し","gloss":"a look"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 拝見","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 恭しく","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of し","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"それ","lemma":"それ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of 返却","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking それ","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"恭しく","lemma":"恭しい","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial modifier of 返却","gloss":"respectfully"},{"surface":"返却","lemma":"返却する","morphology":"noun","role":"combines with し as the main verb","gloss":"handed back"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 返却","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 返却","gloss":"past"}]},{"number":117,"label":"","id":"ch02-p7-s9","source":"まるで宮芝居の真似だ。","translation":"It was just like watching some cheap shrine-festival play.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p7-s9.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"宮芝居","title":"«宮芝居» — shrine kabuki","body":"«宮芝居» (みやしばい, miya-shibai) refers to kabuki-style performances staged at shrines for festivals — Botchan likens the elaborate, ceremonious way some teachers return his letter of appointment to watching a stage play."}],"words":[{"surface":"まるで","lemma":"まるで","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 真似","gloss":"just like"},{"surface":"宮芝居","lemma":"宮芝居","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 真似","gloss":"shrine-festival play"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 宮芝居","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"真似","lemma":"真似","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"imitation"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 真似","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":118,"label":"","id":"ch02-p7-s10","source":"十五人目に体操の教師へと廻って来た時には、同じ事を何返もやるので少々じれったくなった。","translation":"By the time it came round to the fifteenth person, the gym teacher, I'd done the same thing so many times over that I was starting to feel rather impatient.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p7-s10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"十五","lemma":"十五","morphology":"numeral","role":"compound with 目","gloss":"fifteen"},{"surface":"人","lemma":"人","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 目","gloss":"person"},{"surface":"目","lemma":"目","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 廻っ","gloss":"-th"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 目","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"体操","lemma":"体操","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 教師","gloss":"gym"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 体操","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"教師","lemma":"教師","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 廻っ","gloss":"teacher"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 教師","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 教師","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"廻っ","lemma":"廻る","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 時","gloss":"came around"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 廻っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"来","lemma":"来る","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 廻っ","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"時","lemma":"時","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of やる","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 時","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 時","gloss":"topic marker"},{"surface":"同じ","lemma":"同じ","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies 事","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"事","lemma":"事","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of やる","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 事","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"何","lemma":"何","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies 返","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"返","lemma":"返","morphology":"noun","role":"adverbial complement of やる","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 返","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"やる","lemma":"やる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on なっ","gloss":"done"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of やる","gloss":"the fact that"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase の","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"少々","lemma":"少々","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies じれったく","gloss":"a little"},{"surface":"じれったく","lemma":"じれったい","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on なっ","gloss":"impatient"},{"surface":"なっ","lemma":"なる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of なっ","gloss":"past"}]},{"number":119,"label":"","id":"ch02-p7-s11","source":"向うは一度で済む。","translation":"For each of them it was over in one go.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p7-s11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"向う","lemma":"向う","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 済む","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 向う","gloss":"topic marker"},{"surface":"一度","lemma":"一度","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 済む","gloss":"one time"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 一度","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"済む","lemma":"済む","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is over"}]},{"number":120,"label":"","id":"ch02-p7-s12","source":"こっちは同じ所作を十五返繰り返している。","translation":"But I had to repeat the same performance fifteen times over.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p7-s12.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"こっち","lemma":"こっち","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of 繰り","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking こっち","gloss":"topic marker"},{"surface":"同じ","lemma":"同じ","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies 所作","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"所作","lemma":"所作","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 繰り返し","gloss":"performance"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 所作","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"十五","lemma":"十五","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies 返","gloss":"fifteen"},{"surface":"返","lemma":"返","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 繰り","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"繰り","lemma":"繰る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 返し","gloss":"repeatedly"},{"surface":"返し","lemma":"返す","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"repeated"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 返し","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"いる","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"am"}]},{"number":121,"label":"","id":"ch02-p7-s13","source":"少しはひとの了見も察してみるがいい。","translation":"They might at least have spared a thought for how I felt.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p7-s13.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"少し","lemma":"少し","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 察し","gloss":"a little"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 少し","gloss":"topic marker"},{"surface":"ひと","lemma":"ひと","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 了見","gloss":"other person"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking ひと","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"了見","lemma":"了見","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 察し","gloss":"feelings"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 了見","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"察し","lemma":"察する","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on いい","gloss":"consider"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 察し","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"みる","lemma":"みる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"try"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 察し","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"いい","lemma":"いい","morphology":"adjective","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"good"}]},{"number":122,"label":"8","id":"ch02-p8-s1","source":"挨拶をしたうちに教頭のなにがしと云うのが居た。","translation":"Among those I greeted was the vice-principal, a man named something-or-other.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p8-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"挨拶","lemma":"挨拶","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of し","gloss":"greetings"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 挨拶","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying うち","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of し","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"うち","lemma":"うち","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 居","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking うち","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"教頭","lemma":"教頭","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies なにがし","gloss":"vice-principal"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 教頭","gloss":"named"},{"surface":"なにがし","lemma":"なにがし","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 云う","gloss":"so-and-so","note":"An indefinite placeholder name, like English 'what's-his-name', used when the exact name doesn't matter."},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking なにがし","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"云う","lemma":"言う","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying の","gloss":"was called"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"nominalizes 云う, subject of 居","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking の","gloss":"subject marker"},{"surface":"居","lemma":"居る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was there"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 居","gloss":"past"}]},{"number":123,"label":"","id":"ch02-p8-s2","source":"これは文学士だそうだ。","translation":"He was said to hold a degree in literature.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p8-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"これ","lemma":"これ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of 士","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking これ","gloss":"topic marker"},{"surface":"文学","lemma":"文学","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 士","gloss":"literature"},{"surface":"士","lemma":"士","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"graduate"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 士","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"そう","lemma":"そう","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 士","gloss":"I hear"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 士","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":124,"label":"","id":"ch02-p8-s3","source":"文学士と云えば大学の卒業生だからえらい人なんだろう。","translation":"A literature graduate meant a university man, so he must have been someone quite distinguished.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p8-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"文学","lemma":"文学","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 士","gloss":"literature"},{"surface":"士","lemma":"士","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 云え","gloss":"graduate"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 士","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"云え","lemma":"言う","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying だろう","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"ば","lemma":"ば","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 云え","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"大学","lemma":"大学","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 生","gloss":"university"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 大学","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"卒業","lemma":"卒業","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 生","gloss":"graduation"},{"surface":"生","lemma":"生","morphology":"noun","role":"predicate noun of 士","gloss":"graduate"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 生","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 生","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"えらい","lemma":"えらい","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 人","gloss":"distinguished"},{"surface":"人","lemma":"人","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"person"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 人","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ん","lemma":"ん","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 人","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"だろう","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase ん","gloss":"must have been"}]},{"number":125,"label":"","id":"ch02-p8-s4","source":"妙に女のような優しい声を出す人だった。","translation":"He had an oddly gentle voice, almost like a woman's.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p8-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"妙","lemma":"妙","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on 出す","gloss":"oddly"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 妙","gloss":"-ly"},{"surface":"女","lemma":"女","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies よう","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 女","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"よう","lemma":"よう","morphology":"noun","role":"clause modifying 声","gloss":"resembling"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to よう","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"優しい","lemma":"優しい","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 声","gloss":"gentle"},{"surface":"声","lemma":"声","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 出す","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 声","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"出す","lemma":"出す","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 人","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"人","lemma":"人","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"だっ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 人","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 人","gloss":"past"}]},{"number":126,"label":"","id":"ch02-p8-s5","source":"もっとも驚いたのはこの暑いのにフランネルの襯衣を着ている。","translation":"What surprised me most was that in this heat he was wearing a flannel shirt.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p8-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"襯衣","title":"«襯衣» しゃつ (shatsu)","body":"«襯衣» is an old kanji spelling read «シャツ» (shatsu), the loanword for 'shirt' — a Meiji-era way of writing a foreign word with native characters rather than katakana."}],"words":[{"surface":"もっとも","lemma":"もっとも","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 驚い","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"驚い","lemma":"驚く","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying の","gloss":"surprised"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 驚い","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 驚い","gloss":"the thing"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 驚い","gloss":"topic marker"},{"surface":"この","lemma":"この","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of 暑い","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"暑い","lemma":"暑い","morphology":"adjective","role":"oblique complement of 着","gloss":"hot"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 暑い","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 暑い","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"フランネル","lemma":"フランネル","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 襯衣","gloss":"flannel"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking フランネル","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"襯衣","lemma":"襯衣","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 着","gloss":"shirt"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 襯衣","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"着","lemma":"着る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wearing"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 着","gloss":"-ing"},{"surface":"いる","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"was"}]},{"number":127,"label":"","id":"ch02-p8-s6","source":"いくらか薄い地には相違なくっても暑いには極ってる。","translation":"Even granting the fabric was on the thin side, it was bound to be hot all the same.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p8-s6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"いくら","lemma":"いくら","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 極っ","gloss":"somewhat"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking いくら","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"薄い","lemma":"薄い","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 地","gloss":"thin"},{"surface":"地","lemma":"地","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of なくっ","gloss":"fabric"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 地","gloss":"regarding"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 地","gloss":"topic marker"},{"surface":"相違","lemma":"相違","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with なくっ","gloss":"doubt"},{"surface":"なくっ","lemma":"ない","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on 極っ","gloss":"there's none"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of なくっ","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking なくっ","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"暑い","lemma":"暑い","morphology":"adjective","role":"oblique complement of 極っ","gloss":"hot"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 暑い","gloss":"regarding"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 暑い","gloss":"topic marker"},{"surface":"極っ","lemma":"極る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is bound to be"},{"surface":"てる","lemma":"てる","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 極っ","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":128,"label":"","id":"ch02-p8-s7","source":"文学士だけにご苦労千万な服装をしたもんだ。","translation":"For a literature graduate, that was a needlessly troublesome getup.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p8-s7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"文学","lemma":"文学","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 士","gloss":"literature"},{"surface":"士","lemma":"士","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of し","gloss":"graduate"},{"surface":"だけ","lemma":"だけ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 士","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 士","gloss":"given that"},{"surface":"ご","lemma":"ご","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 苦労","gloss":"such","note":"Honorific ご here has an ironic/intensifying force before 苦労千万, roughly 'what a to-do'."},{"surface":"苦労","lemma":"苦労","morphology":"noun","role":"clause modifying 服装","gloss":"trouble"},{"surface":"千万","lemma":"千万","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 服装","gloss":"extremely"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 千万","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"服装","lemma":"服装","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of し","gloss":"getup"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 服装","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying もん","gloss":"wore"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of し","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"もん","lemma":"もん","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to もん","gloss":"was"}]},{"number":129,"label":"","id":"ch02-p8-s8","source":"しかもそれが赤シャツだから人を馬鹿にしている。","translation":"And on top of that it was a red shirt, which struck me as making a fool of everyone.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p8-s8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"しかも","lemma":"しかも","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and moreover"},{"surface":"それ","lemma":"それ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of シャツ","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking それ","gloss":"subject marker"},{"surface":"赤","lemma":"赤","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with シャツ","gloss":"red"},{"surface":"シャツ","lemma":"シャツ","morphology":"noun","role":"predicate noun linked by だ","gloss":"shirt"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to シャツ","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of シャツ","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"人","lemma":"人","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 馬鹿","gloss":"everyone"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 人","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"馬鹿","lemma":"馬鹿","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with し","gloss":"a fool"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 馬鹿","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"making"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of し","gloss":"-ing"},{"surface":"いる","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":130,"label":"","id":"ch02-p8-s9","source":"あとから聞いたらこの男は年が年中赤シャツを着るんだそうだ。","translation":"I heard afterward that this man wore a red shirt the whole year round.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p8-s9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"あと","lemma":"あと","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 聞い","gloss":"afterward"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking あと","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"聞い","lemma":"聞く","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 着る","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"たら","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 聞い","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"この","lemma":"この","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of 男","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"男","lemma":"男","morphology":"noun","role":"depends on 着る","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 男","gloss":"topic marker"},{"surface":"年","lemma":"年","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 着る","gloss":"year"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 年","gloss":"subject marker"},{"surface":"年中","lemma":"年中","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with シャツ","gloss":"round","note":"年が年中 is an idiom meaning 'the whole year round, without exception'."},{"surface":"赤","lemma":"赤","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with シャツ","gloss":"red"},{"surface":"シャツ","lemma":"シャツ","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 着る","gloss":"shirt"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking シャツ","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"着る","lemma":"着る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wears"},{"surface":"ん","lemma":"ん","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 着る","gloss":"the fact"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase ん","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"そう","lemma":"そう","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 着る","gloss":"I hear"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 着る","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":131,"label":"","id":"ch02-p8-s10","source":"妙な病気があった者だ。","translation":"The man had some peculiar affliction.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p8-s10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"妙","lemma":"妙","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 病気","gloss":"peculiar"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 妙","gloss":"kind of"},{"surface":"病気","lemma":"病気","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of あっ","gloss":"affliction"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 病気","gloss":"subject marker"},{"surface":"あっ","lemma":"ある","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 者","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of あっ","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"者","lemma":"者","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 者","gloss":"was"}]},{"number":132,"label":"","id":"ch02-p8-s11","source":"当人の説明では赤は身体に薬になるから、衛生のためにわざわざ誂らえるんだそうだが、入らざる心配だ。","translation":"By his own account, red was good for the health, and he had the shirts made specially for hygiene's sake, but that was needless worry if you asked me.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p8-s11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"当人","lemma":"当人","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 説明","gloss":"the man himself"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 当人","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"説明","lemma":"説明","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of なる","gloss":"account"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 説明","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 説明","gloss":"topic marker"},{"surface":"赤","lemma":"赤","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of なる","gloss":"red"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 赤","gloss":"topic marker"},{"surface":"身体","lemma":"身体","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of なる","gloss":"the body"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 身体","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"薬","lemma":"薬","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of なる","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 薬","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"なる","lemma":"なる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on える","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of なる","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"衛生","lemma":"衛生","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies ため","gloss":"hygiene"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 衛生","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"ため","lemma":"ため","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of える","gloss":"sake"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking ため","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"わざわざ","lemma":"わざわざ","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies える","gloss":"specially"},{"surface":"誂","lemma":"誂える","morphology":"verb","role":"modifies ら","gloss":"have","note":"誂/ら/える together spell one verb, 誂える 'to have made to order', split awkwardly by the tokenizer."},{"surface":"ら","lemma":"誂える","morphology":"verb","role":"oblique complement of える","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"える","lemma":"誂える","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 心配","gloss":"to order"},{"surface":"ん","lemma":"ん","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of える","gloss":"the fact"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase ん","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"そう","lemma":"そう","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of える","gloss":"I hear"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of える","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of える","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"入ら","lemma":"入る","morphology":"verb","role":"compound with ざる","gloss":"needed"},{"surface":"ざる","lemma":"ず","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 入ら","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"心配","lemma":"心配","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"worry"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 心配","gloss":"was"}]},{"number":133,"label":"","id":"ch02-p8-s12","source":"そんならついでに着物も袴も赤にすればいい。","translation":"If that were really so, he might as well have his kimono and his hakama made red too, while he was at it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p8-s12.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"そん","lemma":"それ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"adverbial clause on すれ","gloss":"that","note":"そんなら is a colloquial contraction of それなら, 'if that's so'."},{"surface":"なら","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to そん","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"ついで","lemma":"ついで","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of すれ","gloss":"while at it"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking ついで","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"着物","lemma":"着物","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of すれ","gloss":"kimono"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 着物","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"袴","lemma":"袴","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of すれ","gloss":"hakama"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 袴","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"赤","lemma":"赤","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of すれ","gloss":"red"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 赤","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"すれ","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"make"},{"surface":"ば","lemma":"ば","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of すれ","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"いい","lemma":"いい","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase ば","gloss":"would be fine"}]},{"number":134,"label":"","id":"ch02-p8-s13","source":"それから英語の教師に古賀とか云う大変顔色の悪るい男が居た。","translation":"Then there was the English teacher, a man named Koga or something, with a terribly poor complexion.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p8-s13.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"それ","lemma":"それ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of 居","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase それ","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"英語","lemma":"英語","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 教師","gloss":"English"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 英語","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"教師","lemma":"教師","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 居","gloss":"teacher"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 教師","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"古賀","lemma":"古賀","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of 云う","gloss":"Koga"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 古賀","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 古賀","gloss":"or something"},{"surface":"云う","lemma":"言う","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 男","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"大変","lemma":"大変","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 顔色","gloss":"terribly"},{"surface":"顔色","lemma":"顔色","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 悪るい","gloss":"complexion"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 顔色","gloss":"subject marker"},{"surface":"悪るい","lemma":"悪い","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 男","gloss":"poor","note":"悪るい is an old okurigana spelling; modern standard spelling is 悪い."},{"surface":"男","lemma":"男","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 居","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 男","gloss":"subject marker"},{"surface":"居","lemma":"居る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was there"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 居","gloss":"past"}]},{"number":135,"label":"","id":"ch02-p8-s14","source":"大概顔の蒼い人は瘠せてるもんだがこの男は蒼くふくれている。","translation":"Most people with pale faces are thin, but this man was pale and puffy.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p8-s14.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"大概","lemma":"大概","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 蒼い","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"顔","lemma":"顔","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 蒼い","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 顔","gloss":"subject marker"},{"surface":"蒼い","lemma":"蒼い","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 人","gloss":"pale"},{"surface":"人","lemma":"人","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 瘠せ","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 人","gloss":"topic marker"},{"surface":"瘠せ","lemma":"瘠せる","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying もん","gloss":"are thin"},{"surface":"てる","lemma":"てる","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 瘠せ","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"もん","lemma":"もん","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"generally the case"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to もん","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of もん","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"この","lemma":"この","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of 男","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"男","lemma":"男","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 蒼く","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 男","gloss":"topic marker"},{"surface":"蒼く","lemma":"蒼い","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on ふくれ","gloss":"pale"},{"surface":"ふくれ","lemma":"ふくれる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"puffy"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ふくれ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"いる","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":136,"label":"","id":"ch02-p8-s15","source":"昔小学校へ行く時分、浅井の民さんと云う子が同級生にあったが、この浅井のおやじがやはり、こんな色つやだった。","translation":"Back when I was in primary school there was a classmate named Tami Asai, and Asai's father had that very same complexion.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p8-s15.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"昔","lemma":"昔","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 時分","gloss":"long ago"},{"surface":"小","lemma":"小","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 学校","gloss":"primary"},{"surface":"学校","lemma":"学校","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 行く","gloss":"school"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 学校","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"行く","lemma":"行く","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 時分","gloss":"used to go"},{"surface":"時分","lemma":"時分","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of あっ","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"浅井","lemma":"浅井","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies 民","gloss":"Asai"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 浅井","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"民","lemma":"民","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with さん","gloss":"Tami"},{"surface":"さん","lemma":"さん","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 民","gloss":"honorific"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking さん","gloss":"quote"},{"surface":"云う","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 子","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"子","lemma":"子","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of あっ","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 子","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"同級","lemma":"同級","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 生","gloss":"same class"},{"surface":"生","lemma":"生","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of あっ","gloss":"student"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 生","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"あっ","lemma":"ある","morphology":"verb","role":"predicate of 子","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of あっ","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of あっ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"この","lemma":"この","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of 浅井","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"浅井","lemma":"浅井","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies おやじ","gloss":"Asai"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 浅井","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"おやじ","lemma":"おやじ","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 色つや","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おやじ","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"やはり","lemma":"やはり","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 色つや","gloss":"just the same"},{"surface":"こんな","lemma":"こんな","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies 色つや","gloss":"this kind of"},{"surface":"色つや","lemma":"色つや","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"complexion"},{"surface":"だっ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 色つや","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 色つや","gloss":"past"}]},{"number":137,"label":"","id":"ch02-p8-s16","source":"浅井は百姓だから、百姓になるとあんな顔になるかと清に聞いてみたら、そうじゃありません、あの人はうらなりの唐茄子ばかり食べるから、蒼くふくれるんですと教えてくれた。","translation":"Asai's father was a farmer, so I once asked Kiyo whether becoming a farmer made your face turn out like that, and she told me it wasn't that at all—that man got pale and puffy because all he ate were runty, stunted pumpkins.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p8-s16.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"うらなりの唐茄子","title":"«うらなり» + «唐茄子»","body":"«唐茄子» (とうなす, tōnasu) is an old word for pumpkin/squash; «うらなり» (うらなり, uranari) names the small, weak fruit left at the far end of a vine, pale and undersized. Together the idiom paints someone sickly-pale — and becomes the English teacher's nickname, 'Uranari'."}],"words":[{"surface":"浅井","lemma":"浅井","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of 百姓","gloss":"Asai"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 浅井","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"百姓","lemma":"百姓","morphology":"noun","role":"predicate complement of だ","gloss":"farmer"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 百姓","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 百姓","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"百姓","lemma":"百姓","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of なる","gloss":"farmer"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 百姓","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"なる","lemma":"なる","morphology":"verb","role":"conditional clause on the second なる","gloss":"becomes"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of なる","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"あんな","lemma":"あんな","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies 顔","gloss":"that kind of"},{"surface":"顔","lemma":"顔","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of なる","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 顔","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"なる","lemma":"なる","morphology":"verb","role":"clausal complement of 聞い","gloss":"becomes"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of なる","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking なる","gloss":"quote"},{"surface":"清","lemma":"清","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of 聞い","gloss":"Kiyo"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 清","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"聞い","lemma":"聞く","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 教え","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 聞い","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"み","lemma":"みる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"tried"},{"surface":"たら","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 聞い","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"そう","lemma":"そう","morphology":"adverb","role":"complement of じゃ","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"じゃ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of そう","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"あり","lemma":"ある","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase じゃ","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ませ","lemma":"ます","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of そう","gloss":"polite"},{"surface":"ん","lemma":"ぬ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of そう","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"あの","lemma":"あの","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of 人","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"人","lemma":"人","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 食べる","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 人","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"うらなり","lemma":"うらなり","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 唐茄子","gloss":"stunted","note":"うらなり literally names a pale, undersized fruit left on the far end of the vine — used here as a nickname for the sallow teacher."},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking うらなり","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"唐茄子","lemma":"唐茄子","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 食べる","gloss":"pumpkin"},{"surface":"ばかり","lemma":"ばかり","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 唐茄子","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"食べる","lemma":"食べる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on ふくれる","gloss":"eats"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 食べる","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"蒼く","lemma":"蒼い","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying ふくれる","gloss":"pale"},{"surface":"ふくれる","lemma":"ふくれる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 教え","gloss":"swells up"},{"surface":"ん","lemma":"ん","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ふくれる","gloss":"explains"},{"surface":"です","lemma":"です","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase ん","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking ふくれる","gloss":"quote"},{"surface":"教え","lemma":"教える","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"told"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 教え","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"くれ","lemma":"くれる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 教え","gloss":"past"}]},{"number":138,"label":"","id":"ch02-p8-s17","source":"それ以来蒼くふくれた人を見れば必ずうらなりの唐茄子を食った酬いだと思う。","translation":"Ever since then, whenever I see someone pale and puffy, I'm sure it's the wages of eating nothing but stunted pumpkins.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p8-s17.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"それ","lemma":"それ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies 以来","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"以来","lemma":"以来","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 見れ","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"蒼く","lemma":"蒼い","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 人","gloss":"pale"},{"surface":"ふくれ","lemma":"ふくれる","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 人","gloss":"puffy"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of ふくれ","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"人","lemma":"人","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 見れ","gloss":"person"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 人","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"見れ","lemma":"見る","morphology":"verb","role":"conditional clause on 思う","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"ば","lemma":"ば","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 見れ","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"必ず","lemma":"必ず","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 思う","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"うらなり","lemma":"うらなり","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 唐茄子","gloss":"stunted"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking うらなり","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"唐茄子","lemma":"唐茄子","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 食っ","gloss":"pumpkin"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 唐茄子","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"食っ","lemma":"食う","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 酬い","gloss":"ate"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 食っ","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"酬い","lemma":"酬い","morphology":"noun","role":"clausal complement of 思う","gloss":"wages","note":"酬い (also written 報い) is the payback or comeuppance one earns for one's own doing."},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 酬い","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 酬い","gloss":"quote"},{"surface":"思う","lemma":"思う","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"think"}]},{"number":139,"label":"","id":"ch02-p8-s18","source":"この英語の教師もうらなりばかり食ってるに違いない。","translation":"This English teacher, too, must have been eating nothing but stunted pumpkins.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p8-s18.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"この","lemma":"この","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of 英語","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"英語","lemma":"英語","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 教師","gloss":"English"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 英語","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"教師","lemma":"教師","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 食っ","gloss":"teacher"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 教師","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"うらなり","lemma":"うらなり","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 食っ","gloss":"stunted pumpkins"},{"surface":"ばかり","lemma":"ばかり","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking うらなり","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"食っ","lemma":"食う","morphology":"verb","role":"clausal complement of 違い","gloss":"eating"},{"surface":"てる","lemma":"いる","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 食っ","gloss":"has been"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 食っ","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"違い","lemma":"違い","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with ない","gloss":"doubt"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"adjective","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"none","note":"に違いない is a fixed idiom, \"there's no doubt that / must be.\""}]},{"number":140,"label":"","id":"ch02-p8-s19","source":"もっともうらなりとは何の事か今もって知らない。","translation":"Mind you, to this day I still don't know what 'uranari' means.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p8-s19.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"もっとも","lemma":"もっとも","morphology":"adverb","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"mind you"},{"surface":"うらなり","lemma":"うらなり","morphology":"noun","role":"topic marked by とは","gloss":"stunted pumpkin"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking うらなり","gloss":"quote"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking うらなり","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"何","lemma":"何","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies 事","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 何","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"事","lemma":"事","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 知ら","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 事","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"今","lemma":"今","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on 知ら","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"もっ","lemma":"もつ","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase 今","gloss":"still","note":"今もって is a fixed phrase, \"even now / to this day.\""},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 今","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"知ら","lemma":"知る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 知ら","gloss":"not"}]},{"number":141,"label":"","id":"ch02-p8-s20","source":"清に聞いてみた事はあるが、清は笑って答えなかった。","translation":"I did once ask Kiyo about it, but she just laughed and never gave me an answer.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p8-s20.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"清","lemma":"清","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of 聞い","gloss":"Kiyo"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 清","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"聞い","lemma":"聞く","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 事","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 聞い","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"み","lemma":"みる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"tried"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 聞い","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"事","lemma":"事","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of ある","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 事","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"ある","lemma":"ある","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the first clause","gloss":"there is"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 事","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"清","lemma":"清","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of 答え","gloss":"Kiyo"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 清","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"笑っ","lemma":"笑う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 答え","gloss":"laughed"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 笑っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"答え","lemma":"答える","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"なかっ","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 答え","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 答え","gloss":"past"}]},{"number":142,"label":"","id":"ch02-p8-s21","source":"大方清も知らないんだろう。","translation":"I suppose Kiyo didn't know either.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p8-s21.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"大方","lemma":"大方","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on 知ら","gloss":"probably"},{"surface":"清","lemma":"清","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of 知ら","gloss":"Kiyo"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 清","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"知ら","lemma":"知る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 知ら","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ん","lemma":"ん","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 知ら","gloss":"explains"},{"surface":"だろう","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase ん","gloss":"probably"}]},{"number":143,"label":"","id":"ch02-p8-s22","source":"それからおれと同じ数学の教師に堀田というのが居た。","translation":"Then there was a mathematics teacher, the same subject as me, by the name of Hotta.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p8-s22.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"それ","lemma":"それ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"compound with から","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase それ","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"compared to by 同じ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"同じ","lemma":"同じ","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies 数学","gloss":"same"},{"surface":"数学","lemma":"数学","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 教師","gloss":"mathematics"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 数学","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"教師","lemma":"教師","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 居","gloss":"teacher"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 教師","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"堀田","lemma":"堀田","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of 居","gloss":"Hotta"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 堀田","gloss":"quote"},{"surface":"いう","lemma":"いう","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase と","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of いう","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking いう","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"居","lemma":"居る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 居","gloss":"past"}]},{"number":144,"label":"","id":"ch02-p8-s23","source":"これは逞しい毬栗坊主で、叡山の悪僧と云うべき面構である。","translation":"He was a burly fellow with a close-cropped chestnut-bur head, and a face you'd have to call the face of some rogue monk off Mount Hiei.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p8-s23.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"毬栗坊主","title":"«毬栗坊主» いがぐりぼうず (igaguri-bōzu)","body":"«毬栗坊主» (いがぐりぼうず, igaguri-bōzu) describes a shaved or close-cropped head bristling like a chestnut still in its spiny burr — a vivid image for Hotta's tough, cropped haircut."}],"words":[{"surface":"これ","lemma":"これ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of 坊主","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking これ","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"逞しい","lemma":"逞しい","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 坊主","gloss":"sturdy"},{"surface":"毬栗","lemma":"毬栗","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 坊主","gloss":"chestnut-bur"},{"surface":"坊主","lemma":"坊主","morphology":"noun","role":"complement of で","gloss":"fellow"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"copula linking to 坊主","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"叡山","lemma":"叡山","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies 悪僧","gloss":"Mount Hiei"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 叡山","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"悪僧","lemma":"悪僧","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 云う","gloss":"wicked monk"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 悪僧","gloss":"quote"},{"surface":"云う","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 構","gloss":"call"},{"surface":"べき","lemma":"べし","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 云う","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"面","lemma":"面","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 構","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"構","lemma":"構","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"features"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 構","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ある","lemma":"ある","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase で","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":145,"label":"","id":"ch02-p8-s24","source":"人が叮寧に辞令を見せたら見向きもせず、やあ君が新任の人か、ちと遊びに来給えアハハハと云った。","translation":"When I politely showed him my letter of appointment he didn't even glance at it, just said, 'Ah, so you're the new fellow, eh? Come round and visit sometime,' and let out a big ha-ha-ha.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p8-s24.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"人","lemma":"人","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 見せ","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 人","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"叮寧","lemma":"叮寧","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 見せ","gloss":"politely"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 叮寧","gloss":"manner"},{"surface":"辞令","lemma":"辞令","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 見せ","gloss":"appointment letter"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 辞令","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"見せ","lemma":"見せる","morphology":"verb","role":"conditional clause on 見向き","gloss":"showed"},{"surface":"たら","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 見せ","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"見向き","lemma":"見向き","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of せ","gloss":"looking"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 見向き","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"せ","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 云っ","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"ず","lemma":"ず","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of せ","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"やあ","lemma":"やあ","morphology":"interjection","role":"introduces the quotation","gloss":"hey"},{"surface":"君","lemma":"君","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 人","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 君","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"新任","lemma":"新任","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 人","gloss":"newly appointed"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 新任","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"人","lemma":"人","morphology":"noun","role":"predicate complement of か","gloss":"person"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 人","gloss":"question"},{"surface":"ちと","lemma":"ちと","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 来","gloss":"a bit"},{"surface":"遊び","lemma":"遊ぶ","morphology":"verb","role":"purpose complement of 来","gloss":"visit"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 遊び","gloss":"purpose"},{"surface":"来","lemma":"来る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 云っ","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"給え","lemma":"給う","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 来","gloss":"please","note":"給え is the honorific imperative suffix — a brusque, familiar \"do (it)!\""},{"surface":"アハハハ","lemma":"アハハハ","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 云っ","gloss":"ha-ha-ha"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking アハハハ","gloss":"quote"},{"surface":"云っ","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 云っ","gloss":"past"}]},{"number":146,"label":"","id":"ch02-p8-s25","source":"何がアハハハだ。","translation":"Ha-ha-ha, my foot.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p8-s25.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"何","lemma":"何","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of アハハハ","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 何","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"アハハハ","lemma":"アハハハ","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"ha-ha-ha"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to アハハハ","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":147,"label":"","id":"ch02-p8-s26","source":"そんな礼儀を心得ぬ奴の所へ誰が遊びに行くものか。","translation":"Who on earth would go visit a fellow with no idea of manners like that?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p8-s26.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"そんな","lemma":"そんな","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies 礼儀","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"礼儀","lemma":"礼儀","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 心得","gloss":"manners"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 礼儀","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"心得","lemma":"心得る","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 奴","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"ぬ","lemma":"ぬ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 心得","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"奴","lemma":"奴","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 所","gloss":"fellow"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 奴","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"所","lemma":"所","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 行く","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 所","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"誰","lemma":"誰","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of 行く","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 誰","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"遊び","lemma":"遊ぶ","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 行く","gloss":"visit"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 遊び","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"行く","lemma":"行く","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying もの","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"もの","lemma":"もの","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"such a thing","note":"もの...か is a rhetorical pattern meaning 'as if anyone would!'"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking もの","gloss":"?"}]},{"number":148,"label":"","id":"ch02-p8-s27","source":"おれはこの時からこの坊主に山嵐という渾名をつけてやった。","translation":"From that moment on I gave this monk-faced fellow the nickname Porcupine.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p8-s27.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of やっ","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"この","lemma":"この","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of 時","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"時","lemma":"時","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of つけ","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 時","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"この","lemma":"この","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of 坊主","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"坊主","lemma":"坊主","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of つけ","gloss":"monk-faced fellow"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 坊主","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"山嵐","lemma":"山嵐","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 渾名","gloss":"Porcupine"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 山嵐","gloss":"quote"},{"surface":"いう","lemma":"いう","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase と","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"渾名","lemma":"渾名","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of つけ","gloss":"nickname"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 渾名","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"つけ","lemma":"つける","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on やっ","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of つけ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"やっ","lemma":"やる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"for him","note":"やる after a te-form adds a benefactive nuance: did it for someone."},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of やっ","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":149,"label":"","id":"ch02-p8-s28","source":"漢学の先生はさすがに堅いものだ。","translation":"The Chinese classics teacher, at least, was properly stiff and formal.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p8-s28.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"漢学","lemma":"漢学","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 先生","gloss":"Chinese classics"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 漢学","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"先生","lemma":"先生","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of もの","gloss":"teacher"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 先生","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"さすが","lemma":"さすが","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 堅い","gloss":"sure enough"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking さすが","gloss":"-ly"},{"surface":"堅い","lemma":"堅い","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying もの","gloss":"stiff and formal"},{"surface":"もの","lemma":"もの","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"kind"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to もの","gloss":"was"}]},{"number":150,"label":"","id":"ch02-p8-s29","source":"昨日お着きで、さぞお疲れで、それでもう授業をお始めで、大分ご励精で、――とのべつに弁じたのは愛嬌のあるお爺さんだ。","translation":"'You arrived only yesterday, you must be quite worn out, and yet you're already starting your classes, most commendably diligent of you—' he rattled on and on without a break; he was a charming old man.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p8-s29.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"昨日","lemma":"昨日","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 着き","gloss":"yesterday"},{"surface":"お","lemma":"お","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 着き","gloss":"(honorific)","note":"お/ご is an honorific prefix with no independent meaning of its own."},{"surface":"着き","lemma":"着く","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 疲れ","gloss":"arrived"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 着き","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"さぞ","lemma":"さぞ","morphology":"adverb","role":"compound with 疲れ","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"お","lemma":"お","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 疲れ","gloss":"(honorific)"},{"surface":"疲れ","lemma":"疲れ","morphology":"noun","role":"clause modifying さん","gloss":"tired"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 疲れ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"それ","lemma":"それ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase それ","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"もう","lemma":"もう","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 始め","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"授業","lemma":"授業","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 始め","gloss":"classes"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 授業","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"お","lemma":"お","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 始め","gloss":"(honorific)"},{"surface":"始め","lemma":"始め","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 疲れ","gloss":"starting"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"copula linking to 始め","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"大分","lemma":"大分","morphology":"adverb","role":"compound with 励精","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"ご","lemma":"ご","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 励精","gloss":"(honorific)"},{"surface":"励精","lemma":"励精","morphology":"noun","role":"adverbial clause on 弁じ","gloss":"diligent"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 励精","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking ―","gloss":"quote"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"のべつ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking ―","gloss":"without","note":"のべつに is really one adverb, 'without a break'; the parser split it into の, べつ, and に."},{"surface":"べつ","lemma":"のべつ","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 弁じ","gloss":"break"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking べつ","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"弁じ","lemma":"弁ずる","morphology":"verb","role":"depends on さん","gloss":"chattered"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 弁じ","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 弁じ","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 弁じ","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"愛嬌","lemma":"愛嬌","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies ある","gloss":"charm"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 愛嬌","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ある","lemma":"ある","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying さん","gloss":"having"},{"surface":"お","lemma":"お","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with さん","gloss":"(honorific)"},{"surface":"爺","lemma":"爺","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with さん","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"さん","lemma":"さん","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"(honorific)"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to さん","gloss":"was"}]},{"number":151,"label":"","id":"ch02-p8-s30","source":"画学の教師は全く芸人風だ。","translation":"The drawing teacher looked exactly like some sort of performer.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p8-s30.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"画学","lemma":"画学","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 教師","gloss":"drawing"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 画学","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"教師","lemma":"教師","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 芸人","gloss":"teacher"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 教師","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"全く","lemma":"全く","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 芸人","gloss":"exactly"},{"surface":"芸人","lemma":"芸人","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"performer"},{"surface":"風","lemma":"風","morphology":"noun","role":"introduces the clause of 芸人","gloss":"sort of"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 芸人","gloss":"was"}]},{"number":152,"label":"","id":"ch02-p8-s31","source":"べらべらした透綾の羽織を着て、扇子をぱちつかせて、お国はどちらでげす、え？","translation":"Wearing a flimsy, gauzy silk haori, snapping his fan open and shut, he asked, 'Where might you be from, eh?'","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p8-s31.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"べらべら","lemma":"べらべら","morphology":"adjectival noun","role":"clause modifying 羽織","gloss":"flimsy"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of べらべら","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of べらべら","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"透綾","lemma":"透綾","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 羽織","gloss":"gauze silk"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 透綾","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"羽織","lemma":"羽織","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 着","gloss":"haori"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 羽織","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"着","lemma":"着る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on げす","gloss":"wearing"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 着","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"扇子","lemma":"扇子","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of げす","gloss":"fan"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 扇子","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"ぱち","lemma":"ぱち","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on げす","gloss":"snap"},{"surface":"つか","lemma":"つく","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on ぱち","gloss":"click"},{"surface":"せ","lemma":"せる","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of つか","gloss":"making"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of つか","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"お","lemma":"お","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 国","gloss":"(honorific)"},{"surface":"国","lemma":"国","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of げす","gloss":"home"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 国","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"どちら","lemma":"どちら","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of げす","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"particle marking どちら","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"げす","lemma":"げす","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is","note":"げす is old Edo merchant-class slang for です."},{"surface":"え","lemma":"え","morphology":"interjection","role":"compound with げす","gloss":"eh"}]},{"number":153,"label":"","id":"ch02-p8-s32","source":"　東京？","translation":"'Tokyo?'","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p8-s32.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"東京","lemma":"東京","morphology":"proper noun","role":"compound with ？","gloss":"Tokyo"}]},{"number":154,"label":"","id":"ch02-p8-s33","source":"　そりゃ嬉しい、お仲間が出来て……私もこれで江戸っ子ですと云った。","translation":"'Well, isn't that delightful, another one of us come along... I happen to be an Edokko myself, you know,' he said.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p8-s33.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"そりゃ","lemma":"それは","morphology":"pronoun","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"that","note":"そりゃ contracts それは, 'that (topic)'."},{"surface":"嬉しい","lemma":"嬉しい","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on 出来","gloss":"delightful"},{"surface":"お","lemma":"お","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 仲間","gloss":"(honorific)"},{"surface":"仲間","lemma":"仲間","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 出来","gloss":"companion"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 仲間","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"出来","lemma":"出来る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 云っ","gloss":"come along"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 出来","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"私","lemma":"私","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of 云っ","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 私","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"これ","lemma":"これ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of 云っ","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking これ","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"江戸","lemma":"江戸","morphology":"proper noun","role":"compound with っ子","gloss":"Edo"},{"surface":"っ子","lemma":"っ子","morphology":"noun","role":"adverbial clause on 云っ","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"です","lemma":"です","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to っ子","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking っ子","gloss":"quote"},{"surface":"云っ","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 云っ","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":155,"label":"","id":"ch02-p8-s34","source":"こんなのが江戸っ子なら江戸には生れたくないもんだと心中に考えた。","translation":"If that was what an Edokko was, I thought to myself, I'd rather not have been born in Edo at all.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p8-s34.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"こんな","lemma":"こんな","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of 考え","gloss":"this sort"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of こんな","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking こんな","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"江戸","lemma":"江戸","morphology":"proper noun","role":"compound with っ子","gloss":"Edo"},{"surface":"っ子","lemma":"っ子","morphology":"noun","role":"adverbial clause on ない","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"なら","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to っ子","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"江戸","lemma":"江戸","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of ない","gloss":"Edo"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 江戸","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 江戸","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"生れ","lemma":"生れる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on ない","gloss":"born"},{"surface":"たく","lemma":"たい","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 生れ","gloss":"want to"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying もん","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"もん","lemma":"もん","morphology":"noun","role":"adverbial clause on 考え","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to もん","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking もん","gloss":"quote"},{"surface":"心中","lemma":"心中","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 考え","gloss":"inwardly"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 心中","gloss":"(particle)","note":"心中に as a whole means 'inwardly, to myself.'"},{"surface":"考え","lemma":"考える","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 考え","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":156,"label":"","id":"ch02-p8-s35","source":"そのほか一人一人についてこんな事を書けばいくらでもある。","translation":"Beyond that, I could go on writing this sort of thing about every last one of them without end.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p8-s35.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"その","lemma":"その","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of ほか","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ほか","lemma":"ほか","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 書け","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"一人一人","lemma":"一人一人","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 書け","gloss":"each one"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 一人一人","gloss":"(particle)","note":"について is a fixed phrase meaning 'about/regarding', split here into に + つい + て."},{"surface":"つい","lemma":"つく","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase に","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase に","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"こんな","lemma":"こんな","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies 事","gloss":"this sort of"},{"surface":"事","lemma":"事","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 書け","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 事","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"書け","lemma":"書く","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying いくら","gloss":"write"},{"surface":"ば","lemma":"ば","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 書け","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"いくら","lemma":"いくら","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"any amount"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"copula linking to いくら","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase で","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ある","lemma":"ある","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase で","gloss":"there is"}]},{"number":157,"label":"","id":"ch02-p8-s36","source":"しかし際限がないからやめる。","translation":"But since there's no end to it, I'll stop here.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p8-s36.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"しかし","lemma":"しかし","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"際限","lemma":"際限","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of ない","gloss":"limit"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 際限","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on やめる","gloss":"isn't"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ない","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"やめる","lemma":"やめる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stop"}]},{"number":158,"label":"9","id":"ch02-p9-s1","source":"挨拶が一通り済んだら、校長が今日はもう引き取ってもいい、もっとも授業上の事は数学の主任と打ち合せをしておいて、明後日から課業を始めてくれと云った。","translation":"Once the round of greetings was finished, the principal said I could go for the day, though I should first arrange the details of my teaching with the head of the mathematics department, and start my classes the day after tomorrow.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p9-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"挨拶","lemma":"挨拶","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 済ん","gloss":"greetings"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 挨拶","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"一通り","lemma":"一通り","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 済ん","gloss":"round"},{"surface":"済ん","lemma":"済む","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on し","gloss":"finished"},{"surface":"だら","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 済ん","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"校長","lemma":"校長","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of し","gloss":"principal"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 校長","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"今日","lemma":"今日","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of し","gloss":"today"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 今日","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"もう","lemma":"もう","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 引き","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"引き","lemma":"引く","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on し","gloss":"leave"},{"surface":"取っ","lemma":"取る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on し","gloss":"(particle)","note":"引き取る is one compound verb, 'to withdraw/take one's leave.'"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 取っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"いい","lemma":"いい","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"もっとも","lemma":"もっとも","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies し","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"授業","lemma":"授業","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 上","gloss":"class"},{"surface":"上","lemma":"上","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 事","gloss":"regarding"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 上","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"事","lemma":"事","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of し","gloss":"matter"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 事","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"数学","lemma":"数学","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 主任","gloss":"math"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 数学","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"主任","lemma":"主任","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 打ち合せ","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 主任","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"打ち合せ","lemma":"打ち合せ","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of し","gloss":"arrangement"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 打ち合せ","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 始め","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of し","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"おい","lemma":"おく","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"in advance"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of し","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"明後日","lemma":"明後日","morphology":"adverb","role":"oblique complement of 始め","gloss":"day after tomorrow"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 明後日","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"課業","lemma":"課業","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 始め","gloss":"classes"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 課業","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"始め","lemma":"始める","morphology":"verb","role":"clausal complement of 云っ","gloss":"start"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 始め","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"くれ","lemma":"くれる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"please"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 始め","gloss":"quote"},{"surface":"云っ","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 云っ","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":159,"label":"","id":"ch02-p9-s2","source":"数学の主任は誰かと聞いてみたら例の山嵐であった。","translation":"I asked who the head of mathematics was, and it turned out to be none other than that Porcupine.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p9-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"数学","lemma":"数学","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 主任","gloss":"mathematics"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 数学","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"主任","lemma":"主任","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of the embedded question (誰)","gloss":"department head"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 主任","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"誰","lemma":"誰","morphology":"pronoun","role":"predicate complement of 主任","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 誰 (embedded question)","gloss":"question"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"quotative particle introducing the clause of 聞い","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"聞い","lemma":"聞く","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on あっ","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"connects 聞い and み","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"み","lemma":"みる","morphology":"verb","role":"auxiliary of 聞い (tried doing)","gloss":"tried"},{"surface":"たら","lemma":"たら","morphology":"auxiliary verb, conditional","role":"conditional marking 聞い (when...)","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"例","lemma":"例","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 山嵐","gloss":"that usual","note":"例の here means \"that famous/usual\" — a familiar nickname being invoked."},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 例","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"山嵐","lemma":"山嵐","morphology":"proper noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Porcupine"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 山嵐","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"あっ","lemma":"ある","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase で","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of あっ","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":160,"label":"","id":"ch02-p9-s3","source":"忌々しい、こいつの下に働くのかおやおやと失望した。","translation":"How infuriating—so I was going to be working under this fellow—oh, brother—and I sank into disappointment.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p9-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"忌々しい","title":"«忌々しい» いまいましい (imaimashii)","body":"«忌々しい» (いまいましい, imaimashii) means 'vexing, infuriating' — a strong word for Botchan's flash of irritation at learning who his boss will be."}],"words":[{"surface":"忌々しい","lemma":"忌々しい","morphology":"adjective","role":"exclamatory adverbial clause on 失望","gloss":"how infuriating"},{"surface":"こいつ","lemma":"こいつ","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 下","gloss":"this fellow"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking こいつ","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"下","lemma":"下","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 働く","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 下","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"働く","lemma":"働く","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 失望","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 働く","gloss":"(that)"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 働く","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"お","lemma":"おやおや","morphology":"interjection","role":"compound with やおや","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"やおや","lemma":"おやおや","morphology":"interjection","role":"oblique complement of 失望","gloss":"dear","note":"The tagger split the reduplicated interjection おやおや (\"oh dear, oh dear\") into お + やおや; both pieces together mean that one exclamation."},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking やおや","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"失望","lemma":"失望","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"despaired"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 失望","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 失望","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":161,"label":"","id":"ch02-p9-s4","source":"山嵐は「おい君どこに宿ってるか、山城屋か、うん、今に行って相談する」と云い残して白墨を持って教場へ出て行った。","translation":"Porcupine said, 'Hey, where are you staying? The Yamashiroya, is it? Right, I'll come round later and we'll talk it over,' and left, chalk in hand, off to the classroom.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p9-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":null,"title":"Masculine rough speech: «おい君〜か»","body":"Porcupine's «おい君どこに宿ってるか» strings together «おい» (a blunt 'hey'), the address term «君» (used between men/to inferiors), and the plain question ending «〜か» with no polite copula — brusque, masculine speech typical of the era's schoolmasters."}],"words":[{"surface":"山嵐","lemma":"山嵐","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of 云い","gloss":"Porcupine"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 山嵐","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"おい","lemma":"おい","morphology":"interjection","role":"interjection introducing the quote","gloss":"hey"},{"surface":"君","lemma":"君","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of 宿っ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"どこ","lemma":"どこ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of 宿っ","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking どこ","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"宿っ","lemma":"宿る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the embedded question","gloss":"staying"},{"surface":"てる","lemma":"てる","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 宿っ","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 宿っ","gloss":"question"},{"surface":"山城屋","lemma":"山城屋","morphology":"proper noun","role":"predicate of the mini-question (is it...)","gloss":"the Yamashiroya"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 山城屋","gloss":"question"},{"surface":"うん","lemma":"うん","morphology":"interjection","role":"interjection, affirmation","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"今","lemma":"今","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 行っ","gloss":"soon","note":"今に (\"soon, before long\") is a set phrase; に doesn't mark literal time-at here."},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 今","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"行っ","lemma":"行く","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 相談","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 行っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"相談","lemma":"相談","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the quoted sentence","gloss":"talk over"},{"surface":"する","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 相談","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"quotative particle marking the end of the quote, introduces 云い","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"云い","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"main verbal compound with 残し","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"残し","lemma":"残す","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 持っ","gloss":"leaving"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 残し","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"白墨","lemma":"白墨","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 持っ","gloss":"chalk"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 白墨","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"持っ","lemma":"持つ","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 出","gloss":"carrying"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 持っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"教場","lemma":"教場","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 出","gloss":"classroom"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 教場","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"出","lemma":"出る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 行っ","gloss":"went out"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 出","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"行っ","lemma":"行く","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 行っ","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":162,"label":"","id":"ch02-p9-s5","source":"主任の癖に向うから来て相談するなんて不見識な男だ。","translation":"For a department head to come round to me instead of the other way about—what a fellow with no sense of propriety.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p9-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"主任","lemma":"主任","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 癖","gloss":"department head"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 主任","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"癖","lemma":"癖","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 相談","gloss":"habit","note":"の癖に is a set idiom meaning \"despite being (only)\" — mildly scornful."},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 癖","gloss":"despite"},{"surface":"向う","lemma":"向こう","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 来","gloss":"over there"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 向う","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"来","lemma":"来る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 相談","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 来","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"相談","lemma":"相談","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 見識","gloss":"discuss"},{"surface":"する","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 相談","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"なんて","lemma":"なんて","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 相談","gloss":"the idea of"},{"surface":"不","lemma":"不","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 見識","gloss":"lacking"},{"surface":"見識","lemma":"見識","morphology":"noun","role":"clause modifying 男","gloss":"propriety"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 見識","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"男","lemma":"男","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"fellow"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 男","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":163,"label":"","id":"ch02-p9-s6","source":"しかし呼び付けるよりは感心だ。","translation":"Still, that was more admirable than summoning me to him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p9-s6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"しかし","lemma":"しかし","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"呼び","lemma":"呼ぶ","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 感心","gloss":"summoning"},{"surface":"付ける","lemma":"付ける","morphology":"verb","role":"oblique complement of 感心","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"より","lemma":"より","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 付ける","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 付ける","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"感心","lemma":"感心","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"admirable"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 感心","gloss":"was"}]},{"number":164,"label":"10","id":"ch02-p10-s1","source":"それから学校の門を出て、すぐ宿へ帰ろうと思ったが、帰ったって仕方がないから、少し町を散歩してやろうと思って、無暗に足の向く方をあるき散らした。","translation":"After that I went out through the school gate meaning to head straight back to the inn, but there was nothing to do there anyway, so I decided to take a bit of a walk through the town, and wandered off wherever my feet happened to take me.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p10-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"それ","lemma":"それ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of 出","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase それ","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"学校","lemma":"学校","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 門","gloss":"school"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 学校","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"門","lemma":"門","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 出","gloss":"gate"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 門","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"出","lemma":"出る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 帰ろう","gloss":"went out"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 出","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"すぐ","lemma":"すぐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 帰ろう","gloss":"straight"},{"surface":"宿","lemma":"宿","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 帰ろう","gloss":"the inn"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 宿","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"帰ろう","lemma":"帰る","morphology":"verb","role":"clausal complement of 思っ","gloss":"return"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 帰ろう","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"思っ","lemma":"思う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on やろう","gloss":"intending"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 思っ","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 思っ","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"帰っ","lemma":"帰る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on ない","gloss":"go back"},{"surface":"たって","lemma":"たって","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 帰っ","gloss":"even if"},{"surface":"仕方","lemma":"仕方","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of ない","gloss":"any use","note":"仕方がない is a set idiom, \"it can't be helped, no point.\""},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 仕方","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on やろう","gloss":"none"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ない","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"少し","lemma":"少し","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 散歩","gloss":"a bit"},{"surface":"町","lemma":"町","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 散歩","gloss":"the town"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 町","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"散歩","lemma":"散歩","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on やろう","gloss":"walk"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 散歩","gloss":"take"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 散歩","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"やろう","lemma":"やる","morphology":"verb","role":"clausal complement of 思っ","gloss":"decided to"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking やろう","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"思っ","lemma":"思う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 散らし","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 思っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"無暗","lemma":"無闇","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on あるき","gloss":"aimlessly","note":"無暗 is an old kanji spelling of the standard 無闇 (\"recklessly, at random\")."},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbializes 無暗","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"足","lemma":"足","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 向く","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 足","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"向く","lemma":"向く","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 方","gloss":"pointed"},{"surface":"方","lemma":"方","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of あるき","gloss":"direction"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 方","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"あるき","lemma":"あるく","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 散らし","gloss":"walked"},{"surface":"散らし","lemma":"散らす","morphology":"verb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 散らし","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":165,"label":"","id":"ch02-p10-s2","source":"県庁も見た。","translation":"I saw the prefectural office.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p10-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"県庁","lemma":"県庁","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 見","gloss":"the prefectural office"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 県庁","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"見","lemma":"見る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 見","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":166,"label":"","id":"ch02-p10-s3","source":"古い前世紀の建築である。","translation":"It was an old building from the century before.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p10-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"古い","lemma":"古い","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 建築","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"前","lemma":"前","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 世紀","gloss":"previous"},{"surface":"世紀","lemma":"世紀","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 建築","gloss":"century"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 世紀","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"建築","lemma":"建築","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"building"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 建築","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ある","lemma":"ある","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase で","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":167,"label":"","id":"ch02-p10-s4","source":"兵営も見た。","translation":"I saw the army barracks too.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p10-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"兵営","lemma":"兵営","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 見","gloss":"the barracks"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 兵営","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"見","lemma":"見る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 見","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":168,"label":"","id":"ch02-p10-s5","source":"麻布の聯隊より立派でない。","translation":"Not as fine as the regiment barracks at Azabu.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p10-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"麻布","lemma":"麻布","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies 聯隊","gloss":"Azabu"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 麻布","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"聯隊","lemma":"聯隊","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 立派","gloss":"regiment"},{"surface":"より","lemma":"より","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 聯隊","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"立派","lemma":"立派","morphology":"adjective","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 立派","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase で","gloss":"not"}]},{"number":169,"label":"","id":"ch02-p10-s6","source":"大通りも見た。","translation":"I saw the main street as well.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p10-s6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"大通り","lemma":"大通り","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 見","gloss":"the main street"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 大通り","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"見","lemma":"見る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 見","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":170,"label":"","id":"ch02-p10-s7","source":"神楽坂を半分に狭くしたぐらいな道幅で町並はあれより落ちる。","translation":"It was about half the width of Kagurazaka, and the row of shops was shabbier than that too.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p10-s7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"神楽坂","lemma":"神楽坂","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of 狭く","gloss":"Kagurazaka"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 神楽坂","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"半分","lemma":"半分","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 狭く","gloss":"half"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 半分","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"狭く","lemma":"狭い","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 道幅","gloss":"narrowed"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 狭く","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 狭く","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"ぐらい","lemma":"ぐらい","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 狭く","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 狭く","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"道幅","lemma":"道幅","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 落ちる","gloss":"road width"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 道幅","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"町並","lemma":"町並","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 落ちる","gloss":"the row of shops"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 町並","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"あれ","lemma":"あれ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of 落ちる","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"より","lemma":"より","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking あれ","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"落ちる","lemma":"落ちる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was shabbier"}]},{"number":171,"label":"","id":"ch02-p10-s8","source":"二十五万石の城下だって高の知れたものだ。","translation":"So this was a castle town of two hundred fifty thousand koku—it wasn't worth much after all.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p10-s8.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"二十五万石","title":"«石» (koku) — a domain's rated yield","body":"«石» (こく, koku) measured a feudal domain's rice yield and, by extension, its rank; a '250,000-koku castle town' placed a domain among the largest ~20-25 of roughly 260 Edo-period domains nationwide — comparable to Aizu (230,000 koku) or Tosa (202,600 koku), well above the ~100,000-koku threshold generally considered 'large.' Far from mid-sized, it was one of the bigger domains in the country, which is exactly what makes Botchan's sneer so ironic."}],"words":[{"surface":"二十五万","lemma":"二十五万","morphology":"numeral","role":"compound with 石","gloss":"two hundred fifty thousand"},{"surface":"石","lemma":"石","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 城下","gloss":"koku"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 石","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"城下","lemma":"城下","morphology":"noun","role":"adverbial clause on 知れ","gloss":"castle town"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 城下","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"って","lemma":"って","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"introduces the clause of 城下","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"高","lemma":"高","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 知れ","gloss":"worth","note":"高が知れる is a set idiom: \"amounts to little, is nothing much.\""},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 高","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"知れ","lemma":"知れる","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying もの","gloss":"known"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 知れ","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"もの","lemma":"もの","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to もの","gloss":"was"}]},{"number":172,"label":"","id":"ch02-p10-s9","source":"こんな所に住んでご城下だなどと威張ってる人間は可哀想なものだと考えながらくると、いつしか山城屋の前に出た。","translation":"I found myself thinking it was rather pitiful, people living in a place like this and putting on airs about being from 'the castle town,' and before I knew it I'd come out in front of the Yamashiroya.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p10-s9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"こんな","lemma":"こんな","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies 所","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"所","lemma":"所","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 住ん","gloss":"a place"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 所","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"住ん","lemma":"住む","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 威張っ","gloss":"living"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 住ん","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ご","lemma":"ご","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 城下","gloss":"esteemed"},{"surface":"城下","lemma":"城下","morphology":"noun","role":"adverbial clause on 威張っ","gloss":"castle town"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 城下","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"など","lemma":"など","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 城下","gloss":"such things"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 城下","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"威張っ","lemma":"威張る","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 人間","gloss":"boasting"},{"surface":"てる","lemma":"てる","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 威張っ","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"人間","lemma":"人間","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 可哀想","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 人間","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"可哀想","lemma":"可哀想","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying もの","gloss":"pitiful"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 可哀想","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"もの","lemma":"もの","morphology":"noun","role":"clausal complement of 考え","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to もの","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking もの","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"考え","lemma":"考える","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on くる","gloss":"thinking"},{"surface":"ながら","lemma":"ながら","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 考え","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"くる","lemma":"くる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 出","gloss":"coming along"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of くる","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"いつ","lemma":"いつ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of 出","gloss":"before I knew it","note":"いつしか is a set idiom, \"before one knows it, unnoticed.\""},{"surface":"し","lemma":"し","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking いつ","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking いつ","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"山城屋","lemma":"山城屋","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies 前","gloss":"the Yamashiroya"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 山城屋","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"前","lemma":"前","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 出","gloss":"the front"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 前","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"出","lemma":"出る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came out"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 出","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":173,"label":"","id":"ch02-p10-s10","source":"広いようでも狭いものだ。","translation":"The place had seemed spacious enough, yet it turned out to be small after all.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p10-s10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"広い","lemma":"広い","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on 狭い","gloss":"spacious"},{"surface":"よう","lemma":"よう","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 広い","gloss":"seems"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 広い","gloss":"(and)"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 広い","gloss":"even so"},{"surface":"狭い","lemma":"狭い","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying もの","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"もの","lemma":"もの","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"the fact"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to もの","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":174,"label":"","id":"ch02-p10-s11","source":"これで大抵は見尽したのだろう。","translation":"I supposed I'd more or less seen everything there was to see by now.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p10-s11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"これ","lemma":"これ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of 見","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking これ","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"大抵","lemma":"大抵","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 見","gloss":"more or less"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 大抵","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"見","lemma":"見る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seen"},{"surface":"尽し","lemma":"尽くす","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 見","gloss":"completely"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 尽し","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 尽し","gloss":"(nominalizer)"},{"surface":"だろう","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase の","gloss":"probably"}]},{"number":175,"label":"","id":"ch02-p10-s12","source":"帰って飯でも食おうと門口をはいった。","translation":"Thinking I'd head back and get some dinner, I stepped in through the entrance.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p10-s12.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"帰っ","lemma":"帰る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 食おう","gloss":"heading back"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 帰っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"飯","lemma":"飯","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 食おう","gloss":"dinner"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 飯","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 飯","gloss":"or something"},{"surface":"食おう","lemma":"食う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on はいっ","gloss":"I'll eat"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 食おう","gloss":"thinking"},{"surface":"門口","lemma":"門口","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of はいっ","gloss":"entrance"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 門口","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"はいっ","lemma":"はいる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stepped in"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of はいっ","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":176,"label":"","id":"ch02-p10-s13","source":"帳場に坐っていたかみさんが、おれの顔を見ると急に飛び出してきてお帰り……と板の間へ頭をつけた。","translation":"The landlady, who'd been sitting at the front desk, saw my face and suddenly rushed out, said 'Welcome back,' and pressed her forehead right to the wooden floor.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p10-s13.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"帳場","lemma":"帳場","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 坐っ","gloss":"front desk"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 帳場","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"坐っ","lemma":"坐る","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying さん","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 坐っ","gloss":"(and)"},{"surface":"い","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"had been"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 坐っ","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"かみ","lemma":"かみ","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with さん","gloss":"landlady"},{"surface":"さん","lemma":"さん","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of つけ","gloss":"(polite title)"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking さん","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies 顔","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"顔","lemma":"顔","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 見る","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 顔","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"見る","lemma":"見る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 飛び","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 見る","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"急","lemma":"急","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on 飛び","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 急","gloss":"-ly"},{"surface":"飛び","lemma":"飛ぶ","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on つけ","gloss":"rushed"},{"surface":"出し","lemma":"出す","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on つけ","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 出し","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"き","lemma":"くる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 出し","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"お","lemma":"お","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 帰り","gloss":"(honorific)"},{"surface":"帰り","lemma":"帰り","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with お","gloss":"welcome back"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking お帰り","gloss":"(quote)"},{"surface":"板の間","lemma":"板の間","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of つけ","gloss":"wooden floor"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 板の間","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"頭","lemma":"頭","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of つけ","gloss":"forehead"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 頭","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"つけ","lemma":"つける","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"pressed"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of つけ","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":177,"label":"","id":"ch02-p10-s14","source":"靴を脱いで上がると、お座敷があきましたからと下女が二階へ案内をした。","translation":"I took off my shoes and stepped up, and the maid told me a room had come free, and showed me upstairs.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p10-s14.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"靴","lemma":"靴","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 脱い","gloss":"shoes"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 靴","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"脱い","lemma":"脱ぐ","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 上がる","gloss":"took off"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 脱い","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"上がる","lemma":"上がる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on あき","gloss":"stepped up"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 上がる","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"お","lemma":"お","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 座敷","gloss":"(honorific)"},{"surface":"座敷","lemma":"座敷","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of あき","gloss":"room"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 座敷","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"あき","lemma":"あく","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on し","gloss":"come free"},{"surface":"まし","lemma":"ます","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of あき","gloss":"(polite)"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of あき","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of あき","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking あき","gloss":"(quote)"},{"surface":"下女","lemma":"下女","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of し","gloss":"maid"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 下女","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"二","lemma":"二","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies 階","gloss":"second"},{"surface":"階","lemma":"階","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of し","gloss":"floor"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 階","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"案内","lemma":"案内","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of し","gloss":"guiding"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 案内","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of し","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":178,"label":"","id":"ch02-p10-s15","source":"十五畳の表二階で大きな床の間がついている。","translation":"It was a fifteen-mat room facing the street on the second floor, with a large alcove.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p10-s15.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"十五","lemma":"十五","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies 畳","gloss":"fifteen"},{"surface":"畳","lemma":"畳","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 階","gloss":"mat"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 畳","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"表","lemma":"表","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 階","gloss":"street-facing"},{"surface":"二","lemma":"二","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies 階","gloss":"second"},{"surface":"階","lemma":"階","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of つい","gloss":"floor"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"particle marking 階","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"大きな","lemma":"大きな","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies 床の間","gloss":"large"},{"surface":"床の間","lemma":"床の間","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of つい","gloss":"alcove"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 床の間","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"つい","lemma":"つく","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"attached"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of つい","gloss":"(and)"},{"surface":"いる","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":179,"label":"","id":"ch02-p10-s16","source":"おれは生れてからまだこんな立派な座敷へはいった事はない。","translation":"I had never in my life set foot in such a splendid room.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p10-s16.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of はいっ","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"生れ","lemma":"生まれる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on はいっ","gloss":"born"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 生れ","gloss":"(and)"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 生れ","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"まだ","lemma":"まだ","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies はいっ","gloss":"never yet"},{"surface":"こんな","lemma":"こんな","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies 座敷","gloss":"such a"},{"surface":"立派","lemma":"立派","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 座敷","gloss":"splendid"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 立派","gloss":"(adj. marker)"},{"surface":"座敷","lemma":"座敷","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of はいっ","gloss":"room"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 座敷","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"はいっ","lemma":"はいる","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 事","gloss":"set foot"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of はいっ","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"事","lemma":"事","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"occasion"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 事","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase 事","gloss":"there was not"}]},{"number":180,"label":"","id":"ch02-p10-s17","source":"この後いつはいれるか分らないから、洋服を脱いで浴衣一枚になって座敷の真中へ大の字に寝てみた。","translation":"Since there was no telling when I might get to be in one again, I took off my Western clothes, changed into nothing but a yukata, and lay down spread-eagled right in the middle of the room.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p10-s17.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"この","lemma":"この","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of 後","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"後","lemma":"後","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 分ら","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"いつ","lemma":"いつ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies いれる","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"first syllable of はいれる (with w5), not a standalone particle","gloss":"(part of verb)"},{"surface":"いれる","lemma":"はいれる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 分ら","gloss":"can get in"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of いれる","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"分ら","lemma":"分かる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 脱い","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 分ら","gloss":"there was no"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 分ら","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"洋服","lemma":"洋服","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 脱い","gloss":"Western clothes"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 洋服","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"脱い","lemma":"脱ぐ","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on なっ","gloss":"took off"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 脱い","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"浴衣","lemma":"浴衣","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 枚","gloss":"yukata"},{"surface":"一","lemma":"一","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies 枚","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"枚","lemma":"枚","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of なっ","gloss":"garment"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 枚","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"なっ","lemma":"なる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 寝","gloss":"changed"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of なっ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"座敷","lemma":"座敷","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 真中","gloss":"room"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 座敷","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"真中","lemma":"真中","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 寝","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 真中","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"大の字","lemma":"大の字","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 寝","gloss":"spread-eagled"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 大の字","gloss":"(adverbial)"},{"surface":"寝","lemma":"寝る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lay down"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 寝","gloss":"(and)"},{"surface":"み","lemma":"みる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"tried"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 寝","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":181,"label":"","id":"ch02-p10-s18","source":"いい心持ちである。","translation":"It felt wonderful.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p10-s18.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"いい","lemma":"いい","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies 心持ち","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"心持ち","lemma":"心持ち","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"feeling"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 心持ち","gloss":"(and)"},{"surface":"ある","lemma":"ある","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase で","gloss":"was"}]},{"number":182,"label":"11","id":"ch02-p11-s1","source":"昼飯を食ってから早速清へ手紙をかいてやった。","translation":"After eating my midday meal I lost no time in writing a letter to Kiyo.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p11-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"昼飯","lemma":"昼飯","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 食っ","gloss":"midday meal"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 昼飯","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"食っ","lemma":"食う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on かい","gloss":"ate"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 食っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 食っ","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"早速","lemma":"早速","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies かい","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"清","lemma":"清","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of かい","gloss":"Kiyo"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 清","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"手紙","lemma":"手紙","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of かい","gloss":"letter"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 手紙","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"かい","lemma":"かく","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on やっ","gloss":"wrote"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of かい","gloss":"(and)"},{"surface":"やっ","lemma":"やる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"for her"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of やっ","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":183,"label":"","id":"ch02-p11-s2","source":"おれは文章がまずい上に字を知らないから手紙を書くのが大嫌いだ。","translation":"I write badly, and on top of that I don't know many characters, so I hate writing letters.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p11-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of 大嫌い","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"文章","lemma":"文章","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of まずい","gloss":"writing"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 文章","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"まずい","lemma":"まずい","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 上","gloss":"bad"},{"surface":"上","lemma":"上","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 知ら","gloss":"on top of"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 上","gloss":"(adverbial)"},{"surface":"字","lemma":"字","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 知ら","gloss":"characters"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 字","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"知ら","lemma":"知る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 書く","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 知ら","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 知ら","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"手紙","lemma":"手紙","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 書く","gloss":"letters"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 手紙","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"書く","lemma":"書く","morphology":"verb","role":"depends on 大嫌い","gloss":"writing"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 書く","gloss":"(nominalizer)"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 書く","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"大嫌い","lemma":"大嫌い","morphology":"adjective","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"hate"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 大嫌い","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":184,"label":"","id":"ch02-p11-s3","source":"またやる所もない。","translation":"There was no one else to write to, either.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p11-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"また","lemma":"また","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies やる","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"やる","lemma":"やる","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 所","gloss":"to write to"},{"surface":"所","lemma":"所","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of ない","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 所","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"adjective","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"there was none"}]},{"number":185,"label":"","id":"ch02-p11-s4","source":"しかし清は心配しているだろう。","translation":"But Kiyo would be worried about me, surely.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p11-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"しかし","lemma":"しかし","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"清","lemma":"清","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of 心配","gloss":"Kiyo"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 清","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"心配","lemma":"心配","morphology":"noun","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"worrying"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 心配","gloss":"doing"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 心配","gloss":"(and)"},{"surface":"いる","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"だろう","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 心配","gloss":"surely"}]},{"number":186,"label":"","id":"ch02-p11-s5","source":"難船して死にやしないかなどと思っちゃ困るから、奮発して長いのを書いてやった。","translation":"It would be no good if she got to fretting that my ship had gone down and I'd drowned, so I steeled myself and wrote a long one.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p11-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"難船","lemma":"難船","morphology":"noun","role":"adverbial clause on し","gloss":"shipwreck"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 難船","gloss":"having"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 難船","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"死に","lemma":"死ぬ","morphology":"verb","role":"modifies し","gloss":"drowned"},{"surface":"や","lemma":"や","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 死に","gloss":"(emphasis)"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"clausal complement of 思っ","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of し","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of し","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"など","lemma":"など","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of し","gloss":"or the like"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking し","gloss":"(quote)"},{"surface":"思っ","lemma":"思う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 困る","gloss":"fretting"},{"surface":"ちゃ","lemma":"ては","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 思っ","gloss":"if she"},{"surface":"困る","lemma":"困る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 書い","gloss":"would be no good"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 困る","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"奮発","lemma":"奮発","morphology":"noun","role":"adverbial clause on 書い","gloss":"steeling myself"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 奮発","gloss":"doing"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 奮発","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"長い","lemma":"長い","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on 書い","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 長い","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 長い","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"書い","lemma":"書く","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on やっ","gloss":"wrote"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 書い","gloss":"(and)"},{"surface":"やっ","lemma":"やる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"for her"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of やっ","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":187,"label":"","id":"ch02-p11-s6","source":"その文句はこうである。","translation":"This is what it said.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p11-s6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"その","lemma":"その","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of 文句","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"文句","lemma":"文句","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of こう","gloss":"wording"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 文句","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"こう","lemma":"こう","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"like this"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of こう","gloss":"(and)"},{"surface":"ある","lemma":"ある","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase で","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":188,"label":"12","id":"ch02-p12-s1","source":"「きのう着いた。","translation":"'I arrived yesterday.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p12-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"きのう","lemma":"きのう","morphology":"noun","role":"temporal adjunct modifying 着い","gloss":"yesterday"},{"surface":"着い","lemma":"着く","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"arrived"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 着い","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":189,"label":"","id":"ch02-p12-s2","source":"つまらん所だ。","translation":"A dull place.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p12-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"つまら","lemma":"つまらない","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 所","gloss":"dull","note":"つまらん is a colloquial contraction of つまらない, 'not interesting, boring.'"},{"surface":"ん","lemma":"つまらない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"negative ending of つまら (つまらん = つまらない)","gloss":"(negative)"},{"surface":"所","lemma":"所","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 所","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":190,"label":"","id":"ch02-p12-s3","source":"十五畳の座敷に寝ている。","translation":"I'm sleeping in a fifteen-mat room.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p12-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"十五","lemma":"十五","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies 畳","gloss":"fifteen"},{"surface":"畳","lemma":"畳","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 座敷","gloss":"mats"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 畳","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"座敷","lemma":"座敷","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 寝","gloss":"room"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 座敷","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"寝","lemma":"寝る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 寝","gloss":"-ing"},{"surface":"いる","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"auxiliary of 寝","gloss":"am"}]},{"number":191,"label":"","id":"ch02-p12-s4","source":"宿屋へ茶代を五円やった。","translation":"I gave the inn a five-yen tip.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p12-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"宿屋","lemma":"宿屋","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of やっ","gloss":"inn"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 宿屋","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"茶代","lemma":"茶代","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of やっ","gloss":"tip"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 茶代","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"五","lemma":"五","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies 円","gloss":"five"},{"surface":"円","lemma":"円","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of やっ","gloss":"yen"},{"surface":"やっ","lemma":"やる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of やっ","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":192,"label":"","id":"ch02-p12-s5","source":"かみさんが頭を板の間へすりつけた。","translation":"The landlady pressed her head right to the floor.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p12-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"かみ","lemma":"かみさん","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with さん","gloss":"landlady","note":"かみさん, 'the missus,' here the innkeeper's wife."},{"surface":"さん","lemma":"かみさん","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of つけ","gloss":"missus"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking さん","gloss":"(subject)"},{"surface":"頭","lemma":"頭","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of つけ","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 頭","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"板の間","lemma":"板の間","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of つけ","gloss":"wooden floor","note":"板の間: a bare wood-floored room, without tatami."},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 板の間","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"すり","lemma":"擦る","morphology":"verb","role":"compound verb stem with つけ","gloss":"rubbing"},{"surface":"つけ","lemma":"つける","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"pressed"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of つけ","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":193,"label":"","id":"ch02-p12-s6","source":"夕べは寝られなかった。","translation":"I couldn't sleep last night.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p12-s6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"夕べ","lemma":"夕べ","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 寝","gloss":"last night"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 夕べ","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"寝","lemma":"寝る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"られ","lemma":"られる","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 寝","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"なかっ","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 寝","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 寝","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":194,"label":"","id":"ch02-p12-s7","source":"清が笹飴を笹ごと食う夢を見た。","translation":"I dreamed you were eating bamboo-leaf candy, leaves and all.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p12-s7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"清","lemma":"清","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of 食う","gloss":"Kiyo"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 清","gloss":"(subject)"},{"surface":"笹飴","lemma":"笹飴","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 食う","gloss":"bamboo-leaf candy"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 笹飴","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"笹","lemma":"笹","morphology":"noun","role":"adverbial modifier of 食う","gloss":"leaves"},{"surface":"ごと","lemma":"ごと","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 笹","gloss":"and all"},{"surface":"食う","lemma":"食う","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 夢","gloss":"eats"},{"surface":"夢","lemma":"夢","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 見","gloss":"dream"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 夢","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"見","lemma":"見る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"dreamed"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 見","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":195,"label":"","id":"ch02-p12-s8","source":"来年の夏は帰る。","translation":"I'll come home next summer.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p12-s8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"来年","lemma":"来年","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 夏","gloss":"next year"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 来年","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"夏","lemma":"夏","morphology":"noun","role":"temporal adjunct of 帰る","gloss":"summer"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 夏","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"帰る","lemma":"帰る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will return"}]},{"number":196,"label":"","id":"ch02-p12-s9","source":"今日学校へ行ってみんなにあだなをつけてやった。","translation":"I went to the school today and gave everyone nicknames.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p12-s9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"今日","lemma":"今日","morphology":"noun","role":"temporal adjunct of 行っ","gloss":"today"},{"surface":"学校","lemma":"学校","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 行っ","gloss":"school"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 学校","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"行っ","lemma":"行く","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on つけ","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 行っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"みんな","lemma":"みんな","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of つけ","gloss":"everyone"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking みんな","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"あだな","lemma":"あだな","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of つけ","gloss":"nicknames"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking あだな","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"つけ","lemma":"つける","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on やっ","gloss":"attached"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of つけ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"やっ","lemma":"やる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of やっ","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":197,"label":"","id":"ch02-p12-s10","source":"校長は狸、教頭は赤シャツ、英語の教師はうらなり、数学は山嵐、画学はのだいこ。","translation":"The principal is the Badger, the vice-principal is Red Shirt, the English teacher is Uranari, the math teacher is Porcupine, and the drawing teacher is Toady.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p12-s10.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"のだいこ","title":"«のだいこ» — a flatterer's title","body":"«のだいこ» (野幇間, no-daiko) means an unlicensed amateur party entertainer or flatterer. Botchan uses it as a mocking nickname for the foppish drawing teacher., an unlicensed party entertainer/flatterer — Botchan's mocking nickname for the foppish, obsequious drawing teacher."}],"words":[{"surface":"校長","lemma":"校長","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of elliptical predicate 狸","gloss":"principal"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 校長","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"狸","lemma":"狸","morphology":"proper noun","role":"predicate nominal of 校長 (copula omitted)","gloss":"Badger"},{"surface":"教頭","lemma":"教頭","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of elliptical predicate シャツ","gloss":"vice-principal"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 教頭","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"赤","lemma":"赤","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with シャツ","gloss":"Red"},{"surface":"シャツ","lemma":"シャツ","morphology":"proper noun","role":"predicate nominal of 教頭 (copula omitted)","gloss":"Shirt"},{"surface":"英語","lemma":"英語","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 教師","gloss":"English"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 英語","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"教師","lemma":"教師","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of elliptical predicate うらなり","gloss":"teacher"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 教師","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"うらなり","lemma":"うらなり","morphology":"proper noun","role":"predicate nominal of 教師 (copula omitted)","gloss":"Uranari"},{"surface":"数学","lemma":"数学","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of elliptical predicate 山嵐","gloss":"math"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 数学","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"山嵐","lemma":"山嵐","morphology":"proper noun","role":"predicate nominal of 数学 (copula omitted)","gloss":"Porcupine"},{"surface":"画学","lemma":"画学","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of elliptical predicate だいこ","gloss":"art"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 画学","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"野","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with だいこ","gloss":"boorish","note":"Sōseki spells 野 ('rustic, boorish') in hiragana の here; の+だいこ = のだいこ, the students' nickname for the flattering art teacher, rendered 'Toady.'"},{"surface":"だいこ","lemma":"だいこ","morphology":"noun","role":"predicate nominal of 画学 (copula omitted)","gloss":"Toady"}]},{"number":198,"label":"","id":"ch02-p12-s11","source":"今にいろいろな事を書いてやる。","translation":"I'll write you all sorts of things later.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p12-s11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"今","lemma":"今","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 書い","gloss":"later","note":"今に = 'one of these days, before long.'"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 今","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"いろいろ","lemma":"いろいろ","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 事","gloss":"various"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"attributive ending of いろいろ, modifies 事","gloss":"various"},{"surface":"事","lemma":"事","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 書い","gloss":"things"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 事","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"書い","lemma":"書く","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"write"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 書い","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"やる","lemma":"やる","morphology":"verb","role":"auxiliary of 書い","gloss":"will (for you)"}]},{"number":199,"label":"","id":"ch02-p12-s12","source":"さようなら」","translation":"Goodbye.'","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p12-s12.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"さようなら","lemma":"さようなら","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Goodbye"}]},{"number":200,"label":"13","id":"ch02-p13-s1","source":"手紙をかいてしまったら、いい心持ちになって眠気がさしたから、最前のように座敷の真中へのびのびと大の字に寝た。","translation":"Once I'd finished the letter I felt good and grew drowsy, so just as before I stretched out spread-eagled in the middle of the room.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p13-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"手紙","lemma":"手紙","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of かい","gloss":"letter"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 手紙","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"かい","lemma":"かく","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on なっ","gloss":"wrote"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of かい","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"しまっ","lemma":"しまう","morphology":"verb","role":"auxiliary of かい","gloss":"finished"},{"surface":"たら","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of しまっ","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"いい","lemma":"いい","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies 心持ち","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"心持ち","lemma":"心持ち","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of なっ","gloss":"feeling"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 心持ち","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"なっ","lemma":"なる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on さし","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of なっ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"眠気","lemma":"眠気","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of さし","gloss":"drowsiness"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 眠気","gloss":"(subject)"},{"surface":"さし","lemma":"さす","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 寝","gloss":"came on"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of さし","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of さし","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"最前","lemma":"最前","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies よう","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 最前","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"よう","lemma":"よう","morphology":"noun","role":"adverbial clause on 寝","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking よう, forms ように ('just as')","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"座敷","lemma":"座敷","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 真中","gloss":"room"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 座敷","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"真中","lemma":"真中","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 寝","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 真中","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"のびのび","lemma":"のびのび","morphology":"adverb","role":"oblique complement of 寝","gloss":"stretched out"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking のびのび","gloss":"(manner)"},{"surface":"大の字","lemma":"大の字","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 寝","gloss":"spread-eagled","note":"大の字 = the shape of the kanji 大, i.e. arms and legs spread wide."},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 大の字","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"寝","lemma":"寝る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lay down"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 寝","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":201,"label":"","id":"ch02-p13-s2","source":"今度は夢も何も見ないでぐっすり寝た。","translation":"This time I slept soundly, without a single dream.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p13-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"今度","lemma":"今度","morphology":"noun","role":"temporal adjunct of 寝","gloss":"this time"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 今度","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"夢","lemma":"夢","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 見","gloss":"dream"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 夢","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"何","lemma":"何","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of 見","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 何","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"見","lemma":"見る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 寝","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 見","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 見","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"ぐっすり","lemma":"ぐっすり","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial modifier of 寝","gloss":"soundly"},{"surface":"寝","lemma":"寝る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"slept"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 寝","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":202,"label":"","id":"ch02-p13-s3","source":"この部屋かいと大きな声がするので目が覚めたら、山嵐がはいって来た。","translation":"A loud voice calling out 'Is this the room?' woke me up, and in came Porcupine.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p13-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"この","lemma":"この","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of 部屋","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"部屋","lemma":"部屋","morphology":"noun","role":"predicate nominal (copula omitted) in the quoted question","gloss":"room"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"かい","morphology":"particle","role":"first mora of the sentence-final question particle かい, marking 部屋","gloss":"(question)"},{"surface":"い","lemma":"かい","morphology":"particle","role":"second mora of the question particle かい","gloss":"(question)"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"marks the end of the quoted question, introduces する","gloss":"(quote)"},{"surface":"大きな","lemma":"大きな","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies 声","gloss":"loud"},{"surface":"声","lemma":"声","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of する","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 声","gloss":"(subject)"},{"surface":"する","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 覚め","gloss":"sounded"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"nominalizes する, forms ので with で","gloss":"(nominalizer)"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"forms causal ので with の, modifies 覚め","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"目","lemma":"目","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 覚め","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 目","gloss":"(subject)"},{"surface":"覚め","lemma":"覚める","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on はいっ","gloss":"woke"},{"surface":"たら","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 覚め","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"山嵐","lemma":"山嵐","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of はいっ","gloss":"Porcupine"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 山嵐","gloss":"(subject)"},{"surface":"はいっ","lemma":"はいる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came in"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of はいっ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"来","lemma":"来る","morphology":"verb","role":"auxiliary of はいっ","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of はいっ","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":203,"label":"","id":"ch02-p13-s4","source":"最前は失敬、君の受持ちは……と人が起き上がるや否や談判を開かれたので大いに狼狽した。","translation":"'Sorry about earlier—now, as for what you'll be teaching...'—he launched straight into business the very instant I sat up, and it threw me into quite a fluster.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p13-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"最前","lemma":"最前","morphology":"noun","role":"topic within the quoted remark introduced by と (w8)","gloss":"earlier"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 最前","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"失敬","lemma":"失敬","morphology":"adjective","role":"predicate within the quoted remark, elliptical copula","gloss":"sorry"},{"surface":"君","lemma":"君","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 受持ち","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 君","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"受持ち","lemma":"受持ち","morphology":"noun","role":"topic within the quoted remark","gloss":"assignment"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 受持ち","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"marks the end of the quoted remark, introduces 人","gloss":"(quote)"},{"surface":"人","lemma":"人","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 起き上がる","gloss":"the man"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 人","gloss":"(subject)"},{"surface":"起き","lemma":"起きる","morphology":"verb","role":"compound with 上がる, forms 起き上がる ('got up'), clause modifying 否","gloss":"got"},{"surface":"上がる","lemma":"上がる","morphology":"verb","role":"compound with 起き, clause modifying 否","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"や","lemma":"や","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 上がる, part of や否や ('as soon as')","gloss":"(as soon as)"},{"surface":"否","lemma":"否","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the idiom や否や, modifies 開か","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"や","lemma":"や","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 否, completes や否や","gloss":"(as soon as)"},{"surface":"談判","lemma":"談判","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 開か","gloss":"negotiation"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 談判","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"開か","lemma":"開く","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 狼狽","gloss":"launched into"},{"surface":"れ","lemma":"れる","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 開か","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 開か","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"nominalizes 開か, forms ので with で","gloss":"(nominalizer)"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"forms causal ので with の, modifies 狼狽","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"大いに","lemma":"大いに","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 狼狽","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"狼狽","lemma":"狼狽","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"flustered"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 狼狽","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 狼狽","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":204,"label":"","id":"ch02-p13-s5","source":"受持ちを聞いてみると別段むずかしい事もなさそうだから承知した。","translation":"When I heard what I'd be teaching, it didn't seem especially difficult, so I agreed to it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p13-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"受持ち","lemma":"受持ち","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 聞い","gloss":"assignment"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 受持ち","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"聞い","lemma":"聞く","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 承知","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 聞い","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"みる","lemma":"みる","morphology":"verb","role":"auxiliary of 聞い","gloss":"tried"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 聞い","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"別段","lemma":"別段","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies なさ","gloss":"particularly"},{"surface":"むずかしい","lemma":"むずかしい","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 事","gloss":"difficult"},{"surface":"事","lemma":"事","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of なさ","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 事","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"なさ","lemma":"ない","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on 承知","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"そう","lemma":"そう","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of なさ","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of なさ","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking なさ","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"承知","lemma":"承知","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"agreed"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 承知","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 承知","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":205,"label":"","id":"ch02-p13-s6","source":"このくらいの事なら、明後日は愚、明日から始めろと云ったって驚ろかない。","translation":"For a job that simple, even if they'd told me to start tomorrow instead of the day after, I wouldn't have batted an eye.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p13-s6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"この","lemma":"この","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of くらい","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"くらい","lemma":"くらい","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies 事","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking くらい","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"事","lemma":"事","morphology":"noun","role":"conditional topic, adverbial clause on 驚ろか","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"なら","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 事","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"明後日","lemma":"明後日","morphology":"noun","role":"topic of elliptical predicate 愚 ('let alone the day after tomorrow')","gloss":"day after tomorrow"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 明後日","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"愚","lemma":"愚か","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 明後日, meaning 'let alone'","gloss":"needless to say"},{"surface":"明日","lemma":"明日","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 始めろ","gloss":"tomorrow"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 明日","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"始めろ","lemma":"始める","morphology":"verb","role":"clausal complement of 云っ","gloss":"start"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 始めろ","gloss":"(quote)"},{"surface":"云っ","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 驚ろか","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"たって","lemma":"たって","morphology":"particle","role":"concessive suffix on 云っ, introduces the clause of 云っ","gloss":"even if"},{"surface":"驚ろか","lemma":"驚く","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"be surprised"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 驚ろか","gloss":"not"}]},{"number":206,"label":"","id":"ch02-p13-s7","source":"授業上の打ち合せが済んだら、君はいつまでこんな宿屋に居るつもりでもあるまい、僕がいい下宿を周旋してやるから移りたまえ。","translation":"Once we'd settled the business about classes, he said, 'You can't mean to stay at an inn like this forever, can you—I'll find you a good lodging house, so you'd better move in.'","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p13-s7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"移りたまえ","title":"Mild imperative «〜たまえ»","body":"«移りたまえ» attaches the old masculine auxiliary «たまえ» to the stem of «移る» — a softened command used by a senior man to a junior, common in Meiji-era men's speech between colleagues."}],"words":[{"surface":"授業","lemma":"授業","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 上","gloss":"classes"},{"surface":"上","lemma":"上","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 打ち合せ","gloss":"regarding"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 上","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"打ち合せ","lemma":"打ち合せ","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 済ん","gloss":"arrangements"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 打ち合せ","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"済ん","lemma":"済む","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying つもり","gloss":"settled"},{"surface":"だら","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 済ん","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"君","lemma":"君","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of つもり","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 君","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"いつ","lemma":"いつ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of 居る","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"まで","lemma":"まで","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking いつ","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"こんな","lemma":"こんな","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies 宿屋","gloss":"such a"},{"surface":"宿屋","lemma":"宿屋","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 居る","gloss":"inn"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 宿屋","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"居る","lemma":"居る","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying つもり","gloss":"stay"},{"surface":"つもり","lemma":"つもり","morphology":"noun","role":"adverbial clause on 周旋","gloss":"mean to"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to つもり","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase で","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ある","lemma":"ある","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase で","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"まい","lemma":"まい","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase で","gloss":"surely not, can you"},{"surface":"僕","lemma":"僕","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of いい","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 僕","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"いい","lemma":"いい","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 下宿","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"下宿","lemma":"下宿","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 周旋","gloss":"lodging house"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 下宿","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"周旋","lemma":"周旋","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying たまえ","gloss":"find"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 周旋","gloss":"(do)"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 周旋","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"やる","lemma":"やる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 周旋","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"移り","lemma":"移る","morphology":"verb","role":"compound with たまえ","gloss":"move in"},{"surface":"たまえ","lemma":"たまう","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"please","note":"たまえ is an archaic polite-imperative suffix attached to a verb stem, roughly 'do X, won't you'."}]},{"number":207,"label":"","id":"ch02-p13-s8","source":"外のものでは承知しないが僕が話せばすぐ出来る。","translation":"'They won't take just anyone, but if I put in a word it'll be arranged in no time.'","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p13-s8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"外","lemma":"外","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies もの","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 外","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"もの","lemma":"もの","morphology":"noun","role":"adverbial clause on すぐ","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking もの","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking もの","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"承知","lemma":"承知","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 話せ","gloss":"accept"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 承知","gloss":"(do)"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 承知","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 承知","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"僕","lemma":"僕","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of 話せ","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 僕","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"話せ","lemma":"話す","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on すぐ","gloss":"speak"},{"surface":"ば","lemma":"ば","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 話せ","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"すぐ","lemma":"すぐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 出来る","gloss":"right away"},{"surface":"出来る","lemma":"出来る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"get arranged"}]},{"number":208,"label":"","id":"ch02-p13-s9","source":"早い方がいいから、今日見て、あす移って、あさってから学校へ行けば極りがいいと一人で呑み込んでいる。","translation":"'The sooner the better, so look at the place today, move in tomorrow, and start at the school the day after—that'll settle it nicely,' he decided, all on his own.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p13-s9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"早い","lemma":"早い","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 方","gloss":"sooner"},{"surface":"方","lemma":"方","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of いい","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 方","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"いい","lemma":"いい","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on 今日","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of いい","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"今日","lemma":"今日","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on 移っ","gloss":"today"},{"surface":"見","lemma":"見る","morphology":"verb","role":"compound with 今日","gloss":"look at"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 見","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"あす","lemma":"あす","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 移っ","gloss":"tomorrow"},{"surface":"移っ","lemma":"移る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on いい","gloss":"move in"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 移っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"あさって","lemma":"あさって","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 行け","gloss":"day after tomorrow"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking あさって","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"学校","lemma":"学校","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 行け","gloss":"school"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 学校","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"行け","lemma":"行く","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on いい","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"ば","lemma":"ば","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 行け","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"極り","lemma":"極り","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of いい","gloss":"settling"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 極り","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"いい","lemma":"いい","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on 呑み","gloss":"nice"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking いい","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"一人","lemma":"一人","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 呑み","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 一人","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"呑み","lemma":"呑む","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"decided","note":"呑み込む literally 'swallow down' is used idiomatically for convincing oneself of / settling on something."},{"surface":"込ん","lemma":"込む","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 呑み","gloss":"firmly"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 込ん","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"いる","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase で","gloss":"has"}]},{"number":209,"label":"","id":"ch02-p13-s10","source":"なるほど十五畳敷にいつまで居る訳にも行くまい。","translation":"It was true enough that I couldn't stay in a fifteen-mat room forever.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p13-s10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"なるほど","lemma":"なるほど","morphology":"adverb","role":"clause modifying 敷","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"十五","lemma":"十五","morphology":"adjective","role":"compound with 敷","gloss":"fifteen"},{"surface":"畳","lemma":"畳","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 敷","gloss":"mat"},{"surface":"敷","lemma":"敷","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 行く","gloss":"room"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 敷","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"いつ","lemma":"いつ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of 居る","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"まで","lemma":"まで","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking いつ","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"居る","lemma":"居る","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 訳","gloss":"stay"},{"surface":"訳","lemma":"訳","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 行く","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 訳","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 訳","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"行く","lemma":"行く","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"go","note":"訳にも行くまい is an idiom for 'there's surely no way (I) could...'"},{"surface":"まい","lemma":"まい","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 行く","gloss":"surely not"}]},{"number":210,"label":"","id":"ch02-p13-s11","source":"月給をみんな宿料に払っても追っつかないかもしれぬ。","translation":"Even handing over my whole salary for lodging might not have been enough to cover it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p13-s11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"月給","lemma":"月給","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 払っ","gloss":"salary"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 月給","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"みんな","lemma":"みんな","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 払っ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"宿料","lemma":"宿料","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 払っ","gloss":"lodging fee"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 宿料","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"払っ","lemma":"払う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 追っ","gloss":"pay"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 払っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 払っ","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"追っ","lemma":"追う","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"catch"},{"surface":"つか","lemma":"つく","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 追っ","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of つか","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of つか","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase か","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"しれ","lemma":"しれる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase か","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"ぬ","lemma":"ぬ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase か","gloss":"not"}]},{"number":211,"label":"","id":"ch02-p13-s12","source":"五円の茶代を奮発してすぐ移るのはちと残念だが、どうせ移る者なら、早く引き越して落ち付く方が便利だから、そこのところはよろしく山嵐に頼む事にした。","translation":"It seemed rather a shame to move out so soon after splurging on that five-yen tip, but since I was going to move anyway, it would be more convenient to move in quickly and settle down, so I decided to leave the arrangements to Porcupine.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p13-s12.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"五","lemma":"五","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies 円","gloss":"five"},{"surface":"円","lemma":"円","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 茶代","gloss":"yen"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 円","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"茶代","lemma":"茶代","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 奮発","gloss":"tip"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 茶代","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"奮発","lemma":"奮発","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 移る","gloss":"splurge on"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 奮発","gloss":"(do)"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 奮発","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"すぐ","lemma":"すぐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 移る","gloss":"right away"},{"surface":"移る","lemma":"移る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 残念","gloss":"move out"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 移る","gloss":"the act of"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 移る","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"ちと","lemma":"ちと","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 残念","gloss":"a bit"},{"surface":"残念","lemma":"残念","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on 便利","gloss":"a shame"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 残念","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 残念","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"どうせ","lemma":"どうせ","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 移る","gloss":"anyway"},{"surface":"移る","lemma":"移る","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 者","gloss":"move"},{"surface":"者","lemma":"者","morphology":"noun","role":"adverbial clause on 便利","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"なら","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 者","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"早く","lemma":"早い","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on 引き","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"引き","lemma":"引く","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 方","gloss":"move"},{"surface":"越し","lemma":"越す","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 方","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 越し","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"落ち","lemma":"落ちる","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 方","gloss":"settle"},{"surface":"付く","lemma":"付く","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 方","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"方","lemma":"方","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 便利","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 方","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"便利","lemma":"便利","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on 頼む","gloss":"convenient"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 便利","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 便利","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"そこ","lemma":"そこ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies ところ","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking そこ","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"ところ","lemma":"ところ","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 頼む","gloss":"matter"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking ところ","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"よろしく","lemma":"よろしく","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 頼む","gloss":"kindly"},{"surface":"山嵐","lemma":"山嵐","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 頼む","gloss":"Porcupine"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 山嵐","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"頼む","lemma":"頼む","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 事","gloss":"entrust"},{"surface":"事","lemma":"事","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of し","gloss":"matter"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 事","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"decided"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of し","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":212,"label":"","id":"ch02-p13-s13","source":"すると山嵐はともかくもいっしょに来てみろと云うから、行った。","translation":"Then Porcupine said to just come along and take a look for myself, so I went.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p13-s13.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"する","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"forms すると with と (conjunction introducing the sentence)","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"山嵐","lemma":"山嵐","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 来","gloss":"Porcupine"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 山嵐","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"ともかく","lemma":"ともかく","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 来","gloss":"anyway"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking ともかく","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"いっしょ","lemma":"いっしょ","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 来","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking いっしょ","gloss":"(manner)"},{"surface":"来","lemma":"来る","morphology":"verb","role":"clausal complement of 云う","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 来","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"みろ","lemma":"みる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"try"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 来","gloss":"quote"},{"surface":"云う","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 行っ","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 云う","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"行っ","lemma":"行く","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 行っ","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":213,"label":"","id":"ch02-p13-s14","source":"町はずれの岡の中腹にある家で至極閑静だ。","translation":"It was a house halfway up a hill at the edge of town, extremely quiet.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p13-s14.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"町はずれ","lemma":"町はずれ","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 岡","gloss":"edge of town"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 町はずれ","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"岡","lemma":"岡","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 中腹","gloss":"hill"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 岡","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"中腹","lemma":"中腹","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of ある","gloss":"halfway up"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 中腹","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ある","lemma":"ある","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 家","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"家","lemma":"家","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 閑静","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 家","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"至極","lemma":"至極","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 閑静","gloss":"extremely"},{"surface":"閑静","lemma":"閑静","morphology":"adjective","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"quiet"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 閑静","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":214,"label":"","id":"ch02-p13-s15","source":"主人は骨董を売買するいか銀と云う男で、女房は亭主よりも四つばかり年嵩の女だ。","translation":"The landlord was a man called Ika-gin who dealt in antiques, and his wife was a woman some four years older than her husband.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p13-s15.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"主人","lemma":"主人","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 男","gloss":"landlord"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 主人","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"骨董","lemma":"骨董","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 売買","gloss":"antiques"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 骨董","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"売買","lemma":"売買","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 銀","gloss":"deal in"},{"surface":"する","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 売買","gloss":"(do)"},{"surface":"いか","lemma":"いか","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 銀","gloss":"Ika","note":"いか銀 is the landlord's nickname, punning on いか 'cuttlefish' plus 銀 'silver/Gin'."},{"surface":"銀","lemma":"銀","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 云う","gloss":"Gin"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 銀","gloss":"(quote)"},{"surface":"云う","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 男","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"男","lemma":"男","morphology":"noun","role":"clause modifying 女","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 男","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"女房","lemma":"女房","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 女","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 女房","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"亭主","lemma":"亭主","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 女","gloss":"husband"},{"surface":"より","lemma":"より","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 亭主","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 亭主","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"四","lemma":"四","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies つ","gloss":"four"},{"surface":"つ","lemma":"つ","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 年嵩","gloss":"years"},{"surface":"ばかり","lemma":"ばかり","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking つ","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"年嵩","lemma":"年嵩","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 女","gloss":"older"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 年嵩","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"女","lemma":"女","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 女","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":215,"label":"","id":"ch02-p13-s16","source":"中学校に居た時ウィッチと云う言葉を習った事があるがこの女房はまさにウィッチに似ている。","translation":"Back when I was at middle school I'd once learned the word 'witch,' and this wife looked exactly like a witch.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p13-s16.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ウィッチ","title":"Loanword «ウィッチ»","body":"«ウィッチ» is the English loanword 'witch', written in katakana — a small joke that Botchan's one scrap of English-class vocabulary is exactly what he needs to describe his new landlady."}],"words":[{"surface":"中","lemma":"中","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 学校","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"学校","lemma":"学校","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 居","gloss":"school"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 学校","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"居","lemma":"居る","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 時","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 居","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"時","lemma":"時","morphology":"noun","role":"temporal adjunct modifying 習っ","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ウィッチ","lemma":"ウィッチ","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 云う","gloss":"witch"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking ウィッチ","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"云う","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 言葉","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"言葉","lemma":"言葉","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 習っ","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 言葉","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"習っ","lemma":"習う","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 事","gloss":"learned"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 習っ","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"事","lemma":"事","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of ある","gloss":"occasion","note":"~た事がある = 'have done ~ before' (experiential)."},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 事","gloss":"(subject)"},{"surface":"ある","lemma":"ある","morphology":"verb","role":"predicate with 事 (experiential 'have done')","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 事","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"この","lemma":"この","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of 女房","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"女房","lemma":"女房","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 似","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 女房","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"まさに","lemma":"まさに","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 似","gloss":"exactly"},{"surface":"ウィッチ","lemma":"ウィッチ","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 似","gloss":"witch"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking ウィッチ","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"似","lemma":"似る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"looks"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 似","gloss":"(state)"},{"surface":"いる","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":216,"label":"","id":"ch02-p13-s17","source":"ウィッチだって人の女房だから構わない。","translation":"Still, witch or not, she was somebody's wife, so it made no difference to me.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p13-s17.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ウィッチ","lemma":"ウィッチ","morphology":"noun","role":"concessive clause on 構わ","gloss":"witch"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to ウィッチ","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"って","lemma":"って","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of ウィッチ","gloss":"even if"},{"surface":"人","lemma":"人","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 女房","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 人","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"女房","lemma":"女房","morphology":"noun","role":"adverbial clause on 構わ","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 女房","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 女房","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"構わ","lemma":"構う","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"matter"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 構わ","gloss":"not"}]},{"number":217,"label":"","id":"ch02-p13-s18","source":"とうとう明日から引き移る事にした。","translation":"In the end it was settled that I'd move in starting the next day.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p13-s18.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"とうとう","lemma":"とうとう","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies し","gloss":"finally"},{"surface":"明日","lemma":"明日","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 引き移る","gloss":"tomorrow"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 明日","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"引き","lemma":"引く","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 事","gloss":"withdraw"},{"surface":"移る","lemma":"移る","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 事","gloss":"move in"},{"surface":"事","lemma":"事","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of し","gloss":"matter","note":"~事にする = 'decide to do ~,' literally 'make it the thing that...'"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase 事","gloss":"(as)"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"decided"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of し","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":218,"label":"","id":"ch02-p13-s19","source":"帰りに山嵐は通町で氷水を一杯奢った。","translation":"On the way back Porcupine treated me to a bowl of shaved ice on Tōri-machi.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p13-s19.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"帰り","lemma":"帰り","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 奢っ","gloss":"way back"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 帰り","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"山嵐","lemma":"山嵐","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 奢っ","gloss":"Porcupine"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 山嵐","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"通町","lemma":"通町","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 奢っ","gloss":"Tōri-machi"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 通町","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"氷水","lemma":"氷水","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 奢っ","gloss":"shaved ice"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 氷水","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"一杯","lemma":"一杯","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 奢っ","gloss":"a bowl"},{"surface":"奢っ","lemma":"奢る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"treated"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 奢っ","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":219,"label":"","id":"ch02-p13-s20","source":"学校で逢った時はやに横風な失敬な奴だと思ったが、こんなにいろいろ世話をしてくれるところを見ると、わるい男でもなさそうだ。","translation":"When I'd met him at the school I'd thought him an insufferably high-handed, rude fellow, but seeing how much trouble he was going to on my behalf, he didn't seem like such a bad sort after all.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p13-s20.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"学校","lemma":"学校","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 逢っ","gloss":"school"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 学校","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"逢っ","lemma":"逢う","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 時","gloss":"met"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 逢っ","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"時","lemma":"時","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 思っ","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 時","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"や","lemma":"やに","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 横風","gloss":"awfully","note":"Colloquial contraction of いやに ('unpleasantly/terribly')."},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the adverb やに","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"横風","lemma":"横風","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 奴","gloss":"arrogant"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 横風","gloss":"(attributive)"},{"surface":"失敬","lemma":"失敬","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 奴","gloss":"rude"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 失敬","gloss":"(attributive)"},{"surface":"奴","lemma":"奴","morphology":"noun","role":"clausal complement of 思っ","gloss":"fellow"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 奴","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 奴","gloss":"(that)"},{"surface":"思っ","lemma":"思う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 見る","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 思っ","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 思っ","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"こんな","lemma":"こんな","morphology":"pronoun","role":"adverbial clause on し","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbializer of こんな","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"いろいろ","lemma":"いろいろ","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies し","gloss":"various"},{"surface":"世話","lemma":"世話","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of し","gloss":"trouble"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 世話","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying ところ","gloss":"doing"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of し","gloss":"(and)"},{"surface":"くれる","lemma":"くれる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"ところ","lemma":"ところ","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 見る","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking ところ","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"見る","lemma":"見る","morphology":"verb","role":"conditional clause governing the sentence","gloss":"seeing"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 見る","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"わるい","lemma":"わるい","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 男","gloss":"bad"},{"surface":"男","lemma":"男","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 男","gloss":"(copula)"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase で","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"なさ","lemma":"ない","morphology":"adjective","role":"part of the phrase で","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"そう","lemma":"そう","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of なさ","gloss":"seem"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to そう","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":220,"label":"","id":"ch02-p13-s21","source":"ただおれと同じようにせっかちで肝癪持らしい。","translation":"Only he seemed, like me, to be quick-tempered and short of patience.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p13-s21.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ただ","lemma":"ただ","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies せっかち","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"marked by と, compared via 同じ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"同じ","lemma":"同じ","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies よう","gloss":"same"},{"surface":"よう","lemma":"よう","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies せっかち (via に)","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbializer of よう","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"せっかち","lemma":"せっかち","morphology":"noun","role":"coordinate with 癪持 (via で)","gloss":"impatient"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to せっかち","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"肝","lemma":"肝","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 癪持","gloss":"temper"},{"surface":"癪持","lemma":"癪持","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"quick-tempered","note":"肝癪持 here = 癇癪持ち ('kanshaku-mochi'), 'a hot-tempered person.'"},{"surface":"らしい","lemma":"らしい","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 癪持","gloss":"seems"}]},{"number":221,"label":"","id":"ch02-p13-s22","source":"あとで聞いたらこの男が一番生徒に人望があるのだそうだ。","translation":"I heard afterward that of all the teachers, this man was the most popular with the students.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch02-p13-s22.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"あと","lemma":"あと","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 聞い","gloss":"afterward"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking あと","gloss":"(at)"},{"surface":"聞い","lemma":"聞く","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on ある","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"たら","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 聞い","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"この","lemma":"この","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of 男","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"男","lemma":"男","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of ある","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 男","gloss":"(subject)"},{"surface":"一番","lemma":"一番","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ある","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"生徒","lemma":"生徒","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of ある","gloss":"students"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 生徒","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"人望","lemma":"人望","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of ある","gloss":"popularity"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 人望","gloss":"(subject)"},{"surface":"ある","lemma":"ある","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ある","gloss":"(that)"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase の","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"そう","lemma":"そう","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of ある","gloss":"reportedly"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of ある","gloss":"(hearsay)"}]}]}