{"work":{"slug":"botchan","title":{"source":"坊っちゃん","translated":"Botchan"},"author":"Natsume Sōseki","language":"Japanese","languageCode":"ja","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/botchan"},"unit":{"kind":"chapter","number":null,"id":"ch04","title":{"source":"四","translated":"Chapter 4"},"section":"Botchan","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/botchan/ch04","lines":229},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/botchan/ch03","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/botchan/ch05","license":"Source text: public domain (Natsume Sōseki, d. 1916; first published 1906), from Aozora Bunko. English translation and notes: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC. Narration: synthesized for this edition.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"ch04-p1-s1","source":"学校には宿直があって、職員が代る代るこれをつとめる。","translation":"The school has night duty, and the staff take turns doing it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p1-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"学校","lemma":"学校","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of あっ","gloss":"school"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 学校","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 学校","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"宿直","lemma":"宿直","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of あっ","gloss":"night duty"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 宿直","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"あっ","lemma":"ある","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on つとめる","gloss":"there is"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of あっ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"職員","lemma":"職員","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of つとめる","gloss":"staff"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 職員","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"代る代る","lemma":"代る代る","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies つとめる","gloss":"by turns"},{"surface":"これ","lemma":"これ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of つとめる","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking これ","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"つとめる","lemma":"つとめる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"perform"}]},{"number":2,"label":"","id":"ch04-p1-s2","source":"但し狸と赤シャツは例外である。","translation":"Except, naturally, the Badger and Red Shirt are exempt.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p1-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"である","title":"«である» — the formal copula","body":"«である» is the formal/written register of «だ», the plain copula. Botchan's narration flips into it for wry, mock-official pronouncements — here, sarcastically certifying that the Badger and Red Shirt are the sole exceptions."}],"words":[{"surface":"但し","lemma":"但し","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"except"},{"surface":"狸","lemma":"狸","morphology":"proper noun","role":"conjoined subject with シャツ","gloss":"Badger"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 狸","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"赤","lemma":"赤","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with シャツ","gloss":"Red"},{"surface":"シャツ","lemma":"シャツ","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 例外","gloss":"Shirt"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking シャツ","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"例外","lemma":"例外","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"exempt"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 例外","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"ある","lemma":"ある","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase で","gloss":"are"}]},{"number":3,"label":"","id":"ch04-p1-s3","source":"何でこの両人が当然の義務を免かれるのかと聞いてみたら、奏任待遇だからと云う。","translation":"When I asked why those two are let off this basic duty, I was told it's because of their senior-appointee status.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p1-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"奏任待遇","title":"«奏任待遇» そうにんたいぐう (sōnin taigū) — senior-appointee status","body":"«奏任» named a mid-tier rank of Meiji civil servant (one whose appointment was reported to, though not made by, the Emperor). «奏任待遇» = 'treated as of sōnin rank' — the flimsy bureaucratic excuse Botchan mocks for why the principal and head teacher skip night duty."}],"words":[{"surface":"何","lemma":"何","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of 免かれる","gloss":"what","note":"何で here forms the idiom 'why'"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 何","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"この","lemma":"この","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of 両人","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"両人","lemma":"両人","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 免かれる","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 両人","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"当然","lemma":"当然","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies 義務","gloss":"basic"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 当然","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"義務","lemma":"義務","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 免かれる","gloss":"duty"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 義務","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"免かれる","lemma":"免れる","morphology":"verb","role":"clausal complement of 聞い","gloss":"are exempted","note":"免かれる is an older okurigana spelling of 免れる"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 免かれる","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 免かれる","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 免かれる","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"聞い","lemma":"聞く","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 云う","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 聞い","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"み","lemma":"みる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"tried"},{"surface":"たら","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 聞い","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"奏任","lemma":"奏任","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 待遇","gloss":"senior-appointee"},{"surface":"待遇","lemma":"待遇","morphology":"noun","role":"adverbial clause on 云う","gloss":"status"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 待遇","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 待遇","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 待遇","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"云う","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"say"}]},{"number":4,"label":"","id":"ch04-p1-s4","source":"面白くもない。","translation":"Not funny in the least.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p1-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"面白く","lemma":"面白い","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on ない","gloss":"funny"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 面白く","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"adjective","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"not"}]},{"number":5,"label":"","id":"ch04-p1-s5","source":"月給はたくさんとる、時間は少ない、それで宿直を逃がれるなんて不公平があるものか。","translation":"They rake in fat salaries, work short hours, and dodge night duty besides — is that fair or what?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p1-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"月給","lemma":"月給","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of とる","gloss":"salary"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 月給","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"たくさん","lemma":"たくさん","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies とる","gloss":"a lot"},{"surface":"とる","lemma":"とる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 少ない","gloss":"take"},{"surface":"時間","lemma":"時間","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 少ない","gloss":"hours"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 時間","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"少ない","lemma":"少ない","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on ある","gloss":"short"},{"surface":"それ","lemma":"それ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of 逃がれる","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking それ","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"宿直","lemma":"宿直","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 逃がれる","gloss":"night duty"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 宿直","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"逃がれる","lemma":"逃れる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on ある","gloss":"dodge","note":"逃がれる is an older okurigana spelling of 逃れる"},{"surface":"なんて","lemma":"なんて","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 逃がれる","gloss":"such as"},{"surface":"不","lemma":"不","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 公平","gloss":"un-"},{"surface":"公平","lemma":"公平","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of ある","gloss":"fair"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 公平","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"ある","lemma":"ある","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying もの","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"もの","lemma":"もの","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking もの","gloss":"(particle)"}]},{"number":6,"label":"","id":"ch04-p1-s6","source":"勝手な規則をこしらえて、それが当り前だというような顔をしている。","translation":"They cook up whatever rules suit them and wear a face like it's only natural.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p1-s6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"勝手","lemma":"勝手","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 規則","gloss":"arbitrary"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 勝手","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"規則","lemma":"規則","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of こしらえ","gloss":"rules"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 規則","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"こしらえ","lemma":"こしらえる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on し","gloss":"make up"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of こしらえ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"それ","lemma":"それ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of 当り前","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking それ","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"当り前","lemma":"当り前","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 顔","gloss":"natural"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 当り前","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 当り前","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"いう","lemma":"いう","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase と","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"よう","lemma":"よう","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of いう","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of いう","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"顔","lemma":"顔","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of し","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 顔","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wear"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of し","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"いる","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":7,"label":"","id":"ch04-p1-s7","source":"よくまああんなにずうずうしく出来るものだ。","translation":"I don't know how anyone gets that shameless.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p1-s7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"よく","lemma":"よく","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies まあ","gloss":"really"},{"surface":"まあ","lemma":"まあ","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ずうずうしく","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"あんな","lemma":"あんな","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on ずうずうしく","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking あんな","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ずうずうしく","lemma":"ずうずうしい","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying もの","gloss":"shameless"},{"surface":"出来る","lemma":"出来る","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of ずうずうしく","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"もの","lemma":"もの","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to もの","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":8,"label":"","id":"ch04-p1-s8","source":"これについては大分不平であるが、山嵐の説によると、いくら一人で不平を並べたって通るものじゃないそうだ。","translation":"I've got plenty to grumble about on this score, but according to Porcupine, no amount of one-man griping ever gets you anywhere.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p1-s8.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"山嵐","title":"«山嵐» やまあらし (Yamaarashi) — 'Porcupine'","body":"«山嵐» literally means 'mountain storm' and is a homophone of «山荒» (yamaarashi), the actual word for porcupine — Botchan's punning nickname for Hotta, after his bristly hair and temperament."}],"words":[{"surface":"これ","lemma":"これ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of 不平","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking これ","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"つい","lemma":"つく","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase に","gloss":"regarding"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase に","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking これ","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"大分","lemma":"大分","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 不平","gloss":"quite a bit"},{"surface":"不平","lemma":"不平","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on 通る","gloss":"discontented"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 不平","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"ある","lemma":"ある","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase で","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 不平","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"山嵐","lemma":"山嵐","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 説","gloss":"Porcupine"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 山嵐","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"説","lemma":"説","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 通る","gloss":"account"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 説","gloss":"according to"},{"surface":"よる","lemma":"よる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase に","gloss":"according"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase に","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"いくら","lemma":"いくら","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 通る","gloss":"however much"},{"surface":"一人","lemma":"一人","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 並べ","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 一人","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"不平","lemma":"不平","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 並べ","gloss":"complaints"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 不平","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"並べ","lemma":"並べる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 通る","gloss":"line up"},{"surface":"たって","lemma":"たって","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 並べ","gloss":"even if"},{"surface":"通る","lemma":"通る","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying もの","gloss":"get through"},{"surface":"もの","lemma":"もの","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"じゃ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to もの","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase じゃ","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"そう","lemma":"そう","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of もの","gloss":"I hear"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to もの","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":9,"label":"","id":"ch04-p1-s9","source":"一人だって二人だって正しい事なら通りそうなものだ。","translation":"Seems to me if a thing's right, it ought to carry whether one person says it or two.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p1-s9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"一人","lemma":"一人","morphology":"noun","role":"coordinated with 二人","gloss":"one person"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 一人","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"って","lemma":"って","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"introduces the clause of 一人","gloss":"even if"},{"surface":"二人","lemma":"二人","morphology":"noun","role":"coordinated with 一人","gloss":"two people"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 二人","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"って","lemma":"って","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 二人","gloss":"even if"},{"surface":"正しい","lemma":"正しい","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 事","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"事","lemma":"事","morphology":"noun","role":"adverbial clause on 通り","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"なら","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 事","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"通り","lemma":"通る","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying もの","gloss":"carry"},{"surface":"そう","lemma":"そう","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 通り","gloss":"seem"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 通り","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"もの","lemma":"もの","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to もの","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":10,"label":"","id":"ch04-p1-s10","source":"山嵐は might is right という英語を引いて説諭を加えたが、何だか要領を得ないから、聞き返してみたら強者の権利と云う意味だそうだ。","translation":"Porcupine quoted some English at me — \"might is right\" — to lecture me, and since I couldn't quite follow it, I asked him what it meant, and it turns out it's \"the right of the strong.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p1-s10.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"だそうだ","title":"«だそうだ» — reported hearsay","body":"«そうだ» attached to a plain-form clause reports what someone else said, not the speaker's own knowledge: 'I hear that...' Botchan uses it to distance himself from Porcupine's explanation, which he still finds unconvincing."}],"words":[{"surface":"山嵐","lemma":"山嵐","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 加え","gloss":"Porcupine"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 山嵐","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"might","lemma":"might","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the quoted phrase 'might is right'","gloss":"might"},{"surface":"is","lemma":"is","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the quoted phrase 'might is right'","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"right","lemma":"Right","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the quoted phrase 'might is right'","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking right","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"いう","lemma":"いう","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase と","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"英語","lemma":"英語","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 引い","gloss":"English"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 英語","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"引い","lemma":"引く","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 加え","gloss":"quoted"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 引い","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"説諭","lemma":"説諭","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 加え","gloss":"a lecture"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 説諭","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"加え","lemma":"加える","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 得","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 加え","gloss":"-ed"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 加え","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"何","lemma":"何","morphology":"pronoun","role":"adverbial clause on 得","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 何","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 何","gloss":"or something","note":"何だか together means 'somehow, for some reason'."},{"surface":"要領","lemma":"要領","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 得","gloss":"the gist"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 要領","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"得","lemma":"得る","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 意味","gloss":"grasp"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 得","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 得","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"聞き","lemma":"聞く","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 権利","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"返し","lemma":"返す","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 権利","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 返し","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"み","lemma":"みる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"tried"},{"surface":"たら","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 返し","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"強者","lemma":"強者","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 権利","gloss":"the strong"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 強者","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"権利","lemma":"権利","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 意味","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 権利","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"云う","lemma":"言う","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase と","gloss":"means"},{"surface":"意味","lemma":"意味","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"meaning"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 意味","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"そう","lemma":"そう","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 意味","gloss":"apparently"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 意味","gloss":"I hear"}]},{"number":11,"label":"","id":"ch04-p1-s11","source":"強者の権利ぐらいなら昔から知っている。","translation":"I've known about the right of the strong since way back.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p1-s11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"強者","lemma":"強者","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 権利","gloss":"the strong"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 強者","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"権利","lemma":"権利","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 知っ","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"ぐらい","lemma":"ぐらい","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 権利","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"なら","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 権利","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"昔","lemma":"昔","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 知っ","gloss":"long ago"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 昔","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"知っ","lemma":"知る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"known"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 知っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"いる","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"have been"}]},{"number":12,"label":"","id":"ch04-p1-s12","source":"今さら山嵐から講釈をきかなくってもいい。","translation":"No need for Porcupine to lecture me on it now.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p1-s12.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"今さら","lemma":"今さら","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 山嵐","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"山嵐","lemma":"山嵐","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of きか","gloss":"Porcupine"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 山嵐","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"講釈","lemma":"講釈","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of きか","gloss":"a lecture"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 講釈","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"きか","lemma":"きく","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"hear"},{"surface":"なくっ","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of きか","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of きか","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"いい","lemma":"いい","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"fine"}]},{"number":13,"label":"","id":"ch04-p1-s13","source":"強者の権利と宿直とは別問題だ。","translation":"The right of the strong and night duty are two different matters.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p1-s13.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"強者","lemma":"強者","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 権利","gloss":"the strong"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 強者","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"権利","lemma":"権利","morphology":"noun","role":"conjoined with 宿直 via と","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 権利","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"宿直","lemma":"宿直","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 問題","gloss":"night duty"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 宿直","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 宿直","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"別","lemma":"別","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 問題","gloss":"different"},{"surface":"問題","lemma":"問題","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"matter"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 問題","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":14,"label":"","id":"ch04-p1-s14","source":"狸や赤シャツが強者だなんて、誰が承知するものか。","translation":"Who on earth would grant that the Badger or Red Shirt are the strong?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p1-s14.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"狸","lemma":"狸","morphology":"proper noun","role":"conjoined with シャツ via や","gloss":"Badger"},{"surface":"や","lemma":"や","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 狸","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"赤","lemma":"赤","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with シャツ","gloss":"Red"},{"surface":"シャツ","lemma":"シャツ","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 強者","gloss":"Shirt"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking シャツ","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"強者","lemma":"強者","morphology":"noun","role":"adverbial clause on もの","gloss":"the strong"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 強者","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"なんて","lemma":"なんて","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 強者","gloss":"the idea that"},{"surface":"誰","lemma":"誰","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of 承知","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 誰","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"承知","lemma":"承知","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying もの","gloss":"agree"},{"surface":"する","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 承知","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"もの","lemma":"もの","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"such a thing"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking もの","gloss":"never!","note":"ものか is a rhetorical negation: 'as if!/no way!'"}]},{"number":15,"label":"","id":"ch04-p1-s15","source":"議論は議論としてこの宿直がいよいよおれの番に廻って来た。","translation":"Argument aside, this round of night duty finally rolled around to me.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p1-s15.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"議論","lemma":"議論","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 廻っ","gloss":"argument"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 議論","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"議論","lemma":"議論","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of おれ","gloss":"argument"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 議論","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase と","gloss":"treating"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase と","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"この","lemma":"この","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of 宿直","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"宿直","lemma":"宿直","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of おれ","gloss":"night duty"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 宿直","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"いよいよ","lemma":"いよいよ","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies おれ","gloss":"finally"},{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies 番","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"番","lemma":"番","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 廻っ","gloss":"turn"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 番","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"廻っ","lemma":"回る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"rolled around"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 廻っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"来","lemma":"来る","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 廻っ","gloss":"-ed"}]},{"number":16,"label":"","id":"ch04-p1-s16","source":"一体疳性だから夜具蒲団などは自分のものへ楽に寝ないと寝たような心持ちがしない。","translation":"Being high-strung by nature, I can't feel properly asleep unless I'm lying easy in my own bedding.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p1-s16.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"疳性","title":"«疳性» かんしょう (kanshō) — high-strung, nervous temperament","body":"An old word for a jumpy, easily-irritated disposition — Botchan uses it to excuse his childish insistence on sleeping only in his own bedding, foreshadowing the grasshopper chaos to come."}],"words":[{"surface":"一体","lemma":"一体","morphology":"adverb","role":"compound with 性","gloss":"fundamentally"},{"surface":"疳","lemma":"疳","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 性","gloss":"nervous"},{"surface":"性","lemma":"性","morphology":"noun","role":"adverbial clause on 寝","gloss":"temperament"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 性","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 性","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"夜具","lemma":"夜具","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 蒲団","gloss":"bedclothes"},{"surface":"蒲団","lemma":"蒲団","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 寝","gloss":"futon"},{"surface":"など","lemma":"など","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 蒲団","gloss":"such as"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 蒲団","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"自分","lemma":"自分","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies もの","gloss":"my own"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 自分","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"もの","lemma":"もの","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 寝","gloss":"things"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking もの","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"楽","lemma":"楽","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on 寝","gloss":"comfortably"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 楽","gloss":"-ly"},{"surface":"寝","lemma":"寝る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 寝","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 寝","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 寝","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"寝","lemma":"寝る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on し","gloss":"slept"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 寝","gloss":"-ed"},{"surface":"よう","lemma":"よう","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 寝","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 寝","gloss":"-like"},{"surface":"心持ち","lemma":"心持ち","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies し","gloss":"feeling"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 心持ち","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"feel"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of し","gloss":"not"}]},{"number":17,"label":"","id":"ch04-p1-s17","source":"小供の時から、友達のうちへ泊った事はほとんどないくらいだ。","translation":"Even as a child I hardly ever stayed over at a friend's house.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p1-s17.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"小供","lemma":"子供","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 時","gloss":"a child"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 小供","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"時","lemma":"時","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of ない","gloss":"the time"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 時","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"友達","lemma":"友達","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies うち","gloss":"a friend's"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 友達","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"うち","lemma":"うち","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 泊っ","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking うち","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"泊っ","lemma":"泊る","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 事","gloss":"stayed"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 泊っ","gloss":"-ed"},{"surface":"事","lemma":"事","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of ない","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 事","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"ほとんど","lemma":"ほとんど","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ない","gloss":"hardly"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"adjective","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"none"},{"surface":"くらい","lemma":"くらい","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking ない","gloss":"so much that"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of ない","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":18,"label":"","id":"ch04-p1-s18","source":"友達のうちでさえ厭なら学校の宿直はなおさら厭だ。","translation":"If I hate staying even at a friend's house, I hate night duty at school all the more.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p1-s18.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"友達","lemma":"友達","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies うち","gloss":"a friend's"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 友達","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"うち","lemma":"うち","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 厭","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking うち","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"さえ","lemma":"さえ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking うち","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"厭","lemma":"厭","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 厭","gloss":"hate it"},{"surface":"なら","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 厭","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"学校","lemma":"学校","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 宿直","gloss":"school"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 学校","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"宿直","lemma":"宿直","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 厭","gloss":"night duty"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 宿直","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"なおさら","lemma":"なおさら","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 厭","gloss":"all the more"},{"surface":"厭","lemma":"厭","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"hateful"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 厭","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":19,"label":"","id":"ch04-p1-s19","source":"厭だけれども、これが四十円のうちへ籠っているなら仕方がない。","translation":"Hate it as I do, though, if this is part of what earns the forty yen, there's no help for it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p1-s19.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"厭","lemma":"厭","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on ない","gloss":"hateful"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 厭","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"けれど","lemma":"けれど","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 厭","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 厭","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"これ","lemma":"これ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of 円","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking これ","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"四十","lemma":"四十","morphology":"numeral","role":"compound with 円","gloss":"forty"},{"surface":"円","lemma":"円","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies うち","gloss":"yen"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 円","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"うち","lemma":"うち","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 籠っ","gloss":"part"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking うち","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"籠っ","lemma":"籠る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on ない","gloss":"counted"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 籠っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"いる","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"なら","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 籠っ","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"仕方","lemma":"仕方","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of ない","gloss":"help"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 仕方","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"adjective","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"none"}]},{"number":20,"label":"","id":"ch04-p1-s20","source":"我慢して勤めてやろう。","translation":"I'll grit my teeth and do the job.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p1-s20.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"我慢","lemma":"我慢","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 勤め","gloss":"endure"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 我慢","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 我慢","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"勤め","lemma":"勤める","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on やろう","gloss":"do the job"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 勤め","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"やろう","lemma":"やる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I'll do it"}]},{"number":21,"label":"2","id":"ch04-p2-s1","source":"教師も生徒も帰ってしまったあとで、一人ぽかんとしているのは随分間が抜けたものだ。","translation":"Sitting there alone after both teachers and pupils have gone home for the day, gawking at nothing, is a pretty vacant way to spend an evening.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p2-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"教師","lemma":"教師","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 帰っ","gloss":"teachers"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 教師","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"生徒","lemma":"生徒","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 帰っ","gloss":"pupils"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 生徒","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"帰っ","lemma":"帰る","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying あと","gloss":"gone home"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 帰っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"しまっ","lemma":"しまう","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"completely"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 帰っ","gloss":"-ed"},{"surface":"あと","lemma":"あと","morphology":"noun","role":"clause modifying もの","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking あと","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"一人","lemma":"一人","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies し","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"ぽかん","lemma":"ぽかん","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies し","gloss":"blankly"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking ぽかん","gloss":"-ly"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying の","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of し","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"いる","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of し","gloss":"the act"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking し","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"随分","lemma":"随分","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 抜け","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"間","lemma":"間","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 抜け","gloss":"the gap","note":"間が抜ける is an idiom for 'vacant, scatterbrained'."},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 間","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"抜け","lemma":"抜ける","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying もの","gloss":"slipped out"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 抜け","gloss":"-ed"},{"surface":"もの","lemma":"もの","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"a thing"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to もの","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":22,"label":"","id":"ch04-p2-s2","source":"宿直部屋は教場の裏手にある寄宿舎の西はずれの一室だ。","translation":"The night-duty room is a single room at the western end of the dormitory, behind the classrooms.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p2-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"宿直","lemma":"宿直","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 部屋","gloss":"night-duty"},{"surface":"部屋","lemma":"部屋","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of だ","gloss":"room"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"topic marker","gloss":"topic marker"},{"surface":"教場","lemma":"教場","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 裏手","gloss":"classrooms"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"possessive marker","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"裏手","lemma":"裏手","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of ある","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"locative marker","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ある","lemma":"ある","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 舎","gloss":"is located"},{"surface":"寄宿","lemma":"寄宿","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 舎","gloss":"boarding"},{"surface":"舎","lemma":"舎","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies はずれ","gloss":"hall"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"possessive marker","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"西","lemma":"西","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with はずれ","gloss":"west"},{"surface":"はずれ","lemma":"はずれ","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 一室","gloss":"edge"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"possessive marker","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"一室","lemma":"一室","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"single room"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 一室","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":23,"label":"","id":"ch04-p2-s3","source":"ちょっとはいってみたが、西日をまともに受けて、苦しくって居たたまれない。","translation":"I stepped in for a look, but the west sun was blazing straight into it — unbearable.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p2-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ちょっと","lemma":"ちょっと","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies はいっ","gloss":"briefly"},{"surface":"はいっ","lemma":"はいる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 受け","gloss":"went in"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of はいっ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"み","lemma":"みる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"tried"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of はいっ","gloss":"-ed"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of はいっ","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"西日","lemma":"西日","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 受け","gloss":"west sun"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"object marker","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"まとも","lemma":"まとも","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on 受け","gloss":"directly"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of まとも","gloss":"-ly"},{"surface":"受け","lemma":"受ける","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 居たたまれ","gloss":"receiving"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 受け","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"苦しく","lemma":"苦しい","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on 居たたまれ","gloss":"painful"},{"surface":"って","lemma":"って","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 苦しく","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"居たたまれ","lemma":"居たたまれる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"bear staying"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 居たたまれ","gloss":"not"}]},{"number":24,"label":"","id":"ch04-p2-s4","source":"田舎だけあって秋がきても、気長に暑いもんだ。","translation":"Just as you'd expect in the country, the heat takes its time leaving even after autumn comes.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p2-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"田舎","lemma":"田舎","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of あっ","gloss":"countryside"},{"surface":"だけ","lemma":"だけ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 田舎","gloss":"as befits"},{"surface":"あっ","lemma":"ある","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 暑い","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of あっ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"秋","lemma":"秋","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of き","gloss":"autumn"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"subject marker","gloss":"subject marker"},{"surface":"き","lemma":"くる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 暑い","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of き","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking き","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"気長","lemma":"気長","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on 暑い","gloss":"unhurried"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 気長","gloss":"-ly"},{"surface":"暑い","lemma":"暑い","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying もん","gloss":"hot"},{"surface":"もん","lemma":"もん","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to もん","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":25,"label":"","id":"ch04-p2-s5","source":"生徒の賄を取りよせて晩飯を済ましたが、まずいには恐れ入った。","translation":"I had the students' kitchen send up supper, and I was floored by how bad it was.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p2-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"生徒","lemma":"生徒","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 賄","gloss":"students"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"possessive marker","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"賄","lemma":"賄","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 取り","gloss":"kitchen"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"object marker","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"取り","lemma":"取る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 済まし","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"よせ","lemma":"よせる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 済まし","gloss":"delivered"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of よせ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"晩飯","lemma":"晩飯","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 済まし","gloss":"supper"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"object marker","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"済まし","lemma":"済ます","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 恐れ","gloss":"finished"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 済まし","gloss":"-ed"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 済まし","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"まずい","lemma":"まずい","morphology":"adjective","role":"oblique complement of 恐れ","gloss":"bad-tasting"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking まずい","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"topic marker","gloss":"topic marker"},{"surface":"恐れ","lemma":"恐れる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was floored"},{"surface":"入っ","lemma":"入る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 恐れ","gloss":"utterly"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 入っ","gloss":"-ed"}]},{"number":26,"label":"","id":"ch04-p2-s6","source":"よくあんなものを食って、あれだけに暴れられたもんだ。","translation":"To think they eat that stuff and still have the energy to run riot the way they do.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p2-s6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"よく","lemma":"よく","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies もの","gloss":"really"},{"surface":"あんな","lemma":"あんな","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying もの","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"もの","lemma":"もの","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 食っ","gloss":"stuff"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"object marker","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"食っ","lemma":"食う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 暴れ","gloss":"eating"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 食っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"あれ","lemma":"あれ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of 暴れ","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"だけ","lemma":"だけ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking あれ","gloss":"so much"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking あれ","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"暴れ","lemma":"暴れる","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying もん","gloss":"rampage"},{"surface":"られ","lemma":"られる","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 暴れ","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 暴れ","gloss":"-ed"},{"surface":"もん","lemma":"もん","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to もん","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":27,"label":"","id":"ch04-p2-s7","source":"それで晩飯を急いで四時半に片付けてしまうんだから豪傑に違いない。","translation":"And they bolt supper down and clear it away by half past four — they must be made of sterner stuff than me.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p2-s7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"それ","lemma":"それ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase それ","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"晩飯","lemma":"晩飯","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 急い","gloss":"supper"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"object marker","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"急い","lemma":"急ぐ","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 片付け","gloss":"hurrying"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 急い","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"四","lemma":"四","morphology":"numeral","role":"compound with 半","gloss":"four"},{"surface":"時","lemma":"時","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 半","gloss":"o'clock"},{"surface":"半","lemma":"半","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 片付け","gloss":"half past"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 半","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"片付け","lemma":"片付ける","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on ない","gloss":"clear away"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 片付け","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"しまう","lemma":"しまう","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"completely"},{"surface":"ん","lemma":"ん","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 片付け","gloss":"you see"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase ん","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 片付け","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"豪傑","lemma":"豪傑","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 違い","gloss":"stalwart"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 豪傑","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"違い","lemma":"違い","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of ない","gloss":"doubt"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"adjective","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"not"}]},{"number":28,"label":"","id":"ch04-p2-s8","source":"飯は食ったが、まだ日が暮れないから寝る訳に行かない。","translation":"I'd eaten, but it wasn't dark yet, so I couldn't very well go to bed.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p2-s8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"飯","lemma":"飯","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 食っ","gloss":"meal"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"topic marker","gloss":"topic marker"},{"surface":"食っ","lemma":"食う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 行か","gloss":"ate"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 食っ","gloss":"-ed"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 食っ","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"まだ","lemma":"まだ","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 暮れ","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"日","lemma":"日","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 暮れ","gloss":"daylight"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"subject marker","gloss":"subject marker"},{"surface":"暮れ","lemma":"暮れる","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 訳","gloss":"get dark"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 暮れ","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 暮れ","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"寝る","lemma":"寝る","morphology":"verb","role":"compound with 訳","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"訳","lemma":"訳","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 行か","gloss":"reason"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 訳","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"行か","lemma":"行く","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 行か","gloss":"not"}]},{"number":29,"label":"","id":"ch04-p2-s9","source":"ちょっと温泉に行きたくなった。","translation":"I got a hankering to go to the hot spring.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p2-s9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ちょっと","lemma":"ちょっと","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 行き","gloss":"a bit"},{"surface":"温泉","lemma":"温泉","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 行き","gloss":"hot spring"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 温泉","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"行き","lemma":"行く","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on なっ","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"たく","lemma":"たい","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 行き","gloss":"wanted to"},{"surface":"なっ","lemma":"なる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of なっ","gloss":"-ed"}]},{"number":30,"label":"","id":"ch04-p2-s10","source":"宿直をして、外へ出るのはいい事だか、悪るい事だかしらないが、こうつくねんとして重禁錮同様な憂目に逢うのは我慢の出来るもんじゃない。","translation":"Whether it's proper or not for someone on night duty to step out, I don't know, but sitting here cooped up like I'm serving a sentence is more than I can stand.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p2-s10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"宿直","lemma":"宿直","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of し","gloss":"night duty"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"object marker","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 出る","gloss":"doing"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of し","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"外","lemma":"外","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 出る","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 外","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"出る","lemma":"出る","morphology":"verb","role":"depends on 事","gloss":"go out"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"nominalizer","gloss":"nominalizer"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"topic marker","gloss":"topic marker"},{"surface":"いい","lemma":"いい","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 事","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"事","lemma":"事","morphology":"noun","role":"adverbial clause on しら","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 事","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 事","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"悪るい","lemma":"悪い","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 事","gloss":"bad","note":"悪るい is an older spelling of standard 悪い."},{"surface":"事","lemma":"事","morphology":"noun","role":"adverbial clause on しら","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 事","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 事","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"しら","lemma":"知る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 逢う","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of しら","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of しら","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"こう","lemma":"こう","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies つくねん","gloss":"like this"},{"surface":"つくねん","lemma":"つくねん","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on 逢う","gloss":"idly"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking つくねん","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase と","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase と","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"重","lemma":"重","morphology":"noun","role":"adverbial clause on 同様","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"禁錮","lemma":"禁錮","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 重","gloss":"imprisonment"},{"surface":"同様","lemma":"同様","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 憂目","gloss":"similar"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 同様","gloss":"-like"},{"surface":"憂目","lemma":"憂目","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 逢う","gloss":"ordeal"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 憂目","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"逢う","lemma":"逢う","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying もん","gloss":"suffer"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"nominalizer","gloss":"nominalizer"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"topic marker","gloss":"topic marker"},{"surface":"我慢","lemma":"我慢","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 出来る","gloss":"endure"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"subject marker","gloss":"subject marker"},{"surface":"出来る","lemma":"出来る","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying もん","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"もん","lemma":"もん","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"じゃ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to もん","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase じゃ","gloss":"not"}]},{"number":31,"label":"","id":"ch04-p2-s11","source":"始めて学校へ来た時当直の人はと聞いたら、ちょっと用達に出たと小使が答えたのを妙だと思ったが、自分に番が廻ってみると思い当る。","translation":"The first day I came to the school, when I asked where the man on duty was, the janitor answered he'd stepped out on some errand, and I thought that was odd — but now that my own turn has come round, I understand.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p2-s11.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"用達","title":"«用達» ようたし (yōtashi) — an errand","body":"A dated word for 'business to attend to' — here the janitor's vague cover story for the previous night-duty teacher's absence, which Botchan now understands means simply: slipping out."}],"words":[{"surface":"始め","lemma":"初め","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 来","gloss":"first","note":"始め here is the historical kanji for 初め, forming 初めて \"for the first time,\" not the verb 始める \"to begin.\""},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"suffix","role":"compound with 始め","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"学校","lemma":"学校","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 来","gloss":"school"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 学校","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"来","lemma":"来る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 聞い","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 来","gloss":"-ed"},{"surface":"時","lemma":"時","morphology":"noun","role":"adverbial clause on 聞い","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"当直","lemma":"当直","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 人","gloss":"on duty"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"possessive marker","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"人","lemma":"人","morphology":"noun","role":"clausal complement of 聞い","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"topic marker","gloss":"topic marker"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 人","gloss":"quote marker"},{"surface":"聞い","lemma":"聞く","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 答え","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"たら","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 聞い","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ちょっと","lemma":"ちょっと","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 出","gloss":"briefly"},{"surface":"用達","lemma":"用達","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 出","gloss":"errand"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 用達","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"出","lemma":"出る","morphology":"verb","role":"clausal complement of 思っ","gloss":"stepped out"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 出","gloss":"-ed"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"particle marking 出","gloss":"quote marker"},{"surface":"小使","lemma":"小使","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 答え","gloss":"janitor"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"subject marker","gloss":"subject marker"},{"surface":"答え","lemma":"答える","morphology":"verb","role":"depends on 妙","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 答え","gloss":"-ed"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"nominalizer","gloss":"nominalizer"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"object marker","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"妙","lemma":"妙","morphology":"adjective","role":"clausal complement of 思っ","gloss":"odd"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 妙","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 妙","gloss":"quote marker"},{"surface":"思っ","lemma":"思う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 思い","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 思っ","gloss":"-ed"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 思っ","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"自分","lemma":"自分","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 廻っ","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 自分","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"番","lemma":"番","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 廻っ","gloss":"turn"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"subject marker","gloss":"subject marker"},{"surface":"廻っ","lemma":"廻る","morphology":"verb","role":"clausal complement of 思い","gloss":"comes around"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 廻っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"みる","lemma":"みる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"try"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 廻っ","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"思い","lemma":"思う","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 当る","gloss":"come to"},{"surface":"当る","lemma":"当る","morphology":"verb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"realize"}]},{"number":32,"label":"","id":"ch04-p2-s12","source":"出る方が正しいのだ。","translation":"Stepping out is the right thing to do.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p2-s12.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"出る","lemma":"出る","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 方","gloss":"going out"},{"surface":"方","lemma":"方","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 正しい","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"subject marker","gloss":"subject marker"},{"surface":"正しい","lemma":"正しい","morphology":"adjective","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"nominalizer","gloss":"nominalizer"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase の","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":33,"label":"","id":"ch04-p2-s13","source":"おれは小使にちょっと出てくると云ったら、何かご用ですかと聞くから、用じゃない、温泉へはいるんだと答えて、さっさと出掛けた。","translation":"I told the janitor I was just popping out for a bit, and he asked what business I had, so I said it wasn't business, I was going to the bath, and off I marched.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p2-s13.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"小使","lemma":"小使","morphology":"noun","role":"indirect object of 云っ","gloss":"the janitor"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 小使","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ちょっと","lemma":"ちょっと","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 出","gloss":"for a bit"},{"surface":"出","lemma":"出る","morphology":"verb","role":"clausal complement of 云っ","gloss":"step out"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"links 出 to くる","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"くる","lemma":"くる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"come back","note":"出てくる 'pop out (and back)' — a temporary errand, not a departure."},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"quotative particle marking the quoted clause","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"云っ","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 聞く","gloss":"told"},{"surface":"たら","lemma":"たら","morphology":"auxiliary verb (conditional)","role":"conditional auxiliary of 云っ","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"何","lemma":"何","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies 用","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"forms indefinite pronoun with 何","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"ご","lemma":"ご","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 用","gloss":"(honorific)"},{"surface":"用","lemma":"用","morphology":"noun","role":"complement of です","gloss":"business"},{"surface":"です","lemma":"です","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 用","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"question particle ending the quote","gloss":"(question)"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"quotative particle introducing the quote to 聞く","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"聞く","lemma":"聞く","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 答え","gloss":"asks"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 聞く","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"用","lemma":"用","morphology":"noun","role":"complement of じゃ ない, quoted content of 答え","gloss":"business"},{"surface":"じゃ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 用","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase じゃ","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"温泉","lemma":"温泉","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of はいる","gloss":"the bath"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 温泉","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"はいる","lemma":"はいる","morphology":"verb","role":"verb of the clause quoted by 答え","gloss":"going in"},{"surface":"ん","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle (nominalizer)","role":"explanatory nominalizer on はいる","gloss":"(explanatory)"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase ん","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"quotative particle introducing the quote to 答え","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"答え","lemma":"答える","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 掛け","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 答え","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"さっさと","lemma":"さっさと","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 出","gloss":"briskly"},{"surface":"出","lemma":"出る","morphology":"verb","role":"component of 出掛け (with 掛け)","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"掛け","lemma":"出掛ける","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"set off"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 掛け","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":34,"label":"","id":"ch04-p2-s14","source":"赤手拭は宿へ忘れて来たのが残念だが今日は先方で借りるとしよう。","translation":"Too bad I left my red hand-towel back at my lodgings, but never mind — I'll borrow one there today.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p2-s14.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"赤手拭","title":"«赤手拭» あかてぬぐい (aka tenugui) — red bath-towel","body":"A thin cotton cloth used at the bathhouse; Botchan's red one is a running motif of his brash city-boy vanity in this seaside town, and he's put out at having left it behind."}],"words":[{"surface":"赤","lemma":"赤","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 手拭","gloss":"red"},{"surface":"手拭","lemma":"手拭","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 残念","gloss":"hand-towel"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 手拭","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"宿","lemma":"宿","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 忘れ","gloss":"lodgings"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 宿","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"忘れ","lemma":"忘れる","morphology":"verb","role":"depends on 残念","gloss":"left behind"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 忘れ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"来","lemma":"来る","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 来","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"nominalizes 忘れてきた as subject of 残念","gloss":"the fact"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 忘れ","gloss":"(subject)"},{"surface":"残念","lemma":"残念","morphology":"adjective","role":"predicate describing 手拭","gloss":"too bad"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 残念","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 残念","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"今日","lemma":"今日","morphology":"noun","role":"time adverbial of 借りる","gloss":"today"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 今日","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"先方","lemma":"先方","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 借りる","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 先方","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"借りる","lemma":"借りる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on しよう","gloss":"borrow"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 借りる","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"しよう","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will"}]},{"number":35,"label":"3","id":"ch04-p3-s1","source":"それからかなりゆるりと、出たりはいったりして、ようやく日暮方になったから、汽車へ乗って古町の停車場まで来て下りた。","translation":"After a good leisurely stretch of going in and out of the water, evening finally came on, so I took the train to Old Town station and got off there.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p3-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"それ","lemma":"それ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase それ","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"かなり","lemma":"かなり","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ゆるり","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"ゆるり","lemma":"ゆるり","morphology":"adverb","role":"oblique complement of し","gloss":"leisurely"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbializer on ゆるり","gloss":"(adv. marker)"},{"surface":"出","lemma":"出る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on し","gloss":"going out"},{"surface":"たり","lemma":"たり","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 出","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"はいる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the verb はいる (with いっ)","gloss":"entering","note":"はいったり is one word (from はいる 'enter'); the tokenizer split it into は + いっ, not the topic particle は."},{"surface":"いっ","lemma":"はいる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the verb はいる (with は)","gloss":"(cont.)"},{"surface":"たり","lemma":"たり","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of はいる (with 出たり)","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on なっ","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of し","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ようやく","lemma":"ようやく","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies なっ","gloss":"finally"},{"surface":"日暮","lemma":"日暮れ","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 方","gloss":"evening"},{"surface":"方","lemma":"方","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of なっ","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 方","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"なっ","lemma":"なる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 下り","gloss":"came on"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of なっ","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of なっ","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"汽車","lemma":"汽車","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 乗っ","gloss":"train"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 汽車","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"乗っ","lemma":"乗る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 来","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 乗っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"古町","lemma":"古町","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies 場","gloss":"Old Town"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 古町","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"停車","lemma":"停車","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 場","gloss":"stop","note":"停車 literally means 'stopping (of a vehicle)'; combined with 場 it forms 停車場 'station'. 'train' is not the word's own meaning."},{"surface":"場","lemma":"場","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 来","gloss":"station"},{"surface":"まで","lemma":"まで","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 場","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"来","lemma":"来る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 下り","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 来","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"下り","lemma":"下りる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"got off"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 下り","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":36,"label":"","id":"ch04-p3-s2","source":"学校まではこれから四丁だ。","translation":"From there it is four chō to the school.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p3-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"学校","lemma":"学校","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 丁","gloss":"school"},{"surface":"まで","lemma":"まで","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 学校","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 学校","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"これ","lemma":"これ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"adverbial complement (これから = from here)","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking これ","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"四","lemma":"四","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies 丁","gloss":"four"},{"surface":"丁","lemma":"丁","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"blocks"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 丁","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":37,"label":"","id":"ch04-p3-s3","source":"訳はないとあるき出すと、向うから狸が来た。","translation":"Nothing to it, I thought, and set off on foot, when the Badger came toward me.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p3-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"訳","lemma":"訳","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of ない","gloss":"sense"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 訳","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on 出す","gloss":"isn't"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking ない","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"あるき","lemma":"あるく","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 出す","gloss":"walking"},{"surface":"出す","lemma":"出す","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 来","gloss":"started"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 出す","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"向う","lemma":"向う","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 来","gloss":"the other direction"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 向う","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"狸","lemma":"狸","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of 来","gloss":"the Badger"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 狸","gloss":"(subject)"},{"surface":"来","lemma":"来る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 来","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":38,"label":"","id":"ch04-p3-s4","source":"狸はこれからこの汽車で温泉へ行こうと云う計画なんだろう。","translation":"He was probably headed for the same train, off to the hot spring.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p3-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"狸","lemma":"狸","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of 行こう","gloss":"the Badger"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 狸","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"これ","lemma":"これ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"adverbial complement (これから = from now)","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking これ","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"この","lemma":"この","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of 汽車","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"汽車","lemma":"汽車","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 行こう","gloss":"train"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 汽車","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"温泉","lemma":"温泉","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 行こう","gloss":"hot spring"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 温泉","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"行こう","lemma":"行く","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 計画","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 行こう","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"云う","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"relativizes 行こう into 計画","gloss":"called","note":"行こうという計画: 云う here retains its 'say/call' sense (a plan called/described as 'let's go'), not a bare preposition 'of'."},{"surface":"計画","lemma":"計画","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"plan"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 計画","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ん","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle (nominalizer)","role":"explanatory nominalizer on 計画","gloss":"(explanatory)"},{"surface":"だろう","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase ん","gloss":"probably"}]},{"number":39,"label":"","id":"ch04-p3-s5","source":"すたすた急ぎ足にやってきたが、擦れ違った時おれの顔を見たから、ちょっと挨拶をした。","translation":"He came bustling along at a clip, and when we passed each other and he caught sight of my face, I gave him a little bow.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p3-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"すたすた","lemma":"すたすた","morphology":"adverb","role":"clause modifying 急ぎ足","gloss":"briskly"},{"surface":"急ぎ足","lemma":"急ぎ足","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of やっ","gloss":"quick pace"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 急ぎ足","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"やっ","lemma":"やる","morphology":"verb","role":"verb of the first clause (connects via が)","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of やっ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"き","lemma":"くる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase やっ (やってきた = came along)","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of き","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of やっ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"擦れ","lemma":"擦れる","morphology":"verb","role":"compound with 違っ (forms 擦れ違う)","gloss":"passing"},{"surface":"違っ","lemma":"擦れ違う","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 時","gloss":"each other"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 違っ","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"時","lemma":"時","morphology":"noun","role":"temporal clause modifying 見","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"noun","role":"possessive modifier of 顔","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"顔","lemma":"顔","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 見","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 顔","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"見","lemma":"見る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on し","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 見","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 見","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ちょっと","lemma":"ちょっと","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies し","gloss":"a little"},{"surface":"挨拶","lemma":"挨拶","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of し","gloss":"bow"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 挨拶","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of し","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":40,"label":"","id":"ch04-p3-s6","source":"すると狸はあなたは今日は宿直ではなかったですかねえと真面目くさって聞いた。","translation":"Whereupon the Badger, looking terribly earnest, asked whether I wasn't on night duty today.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p3-s6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"する","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the conjunction すると (with と)","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the conjunction すると (with する)","gloss":"upon that"},{"surface":"狸","lemma":"狸","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of 真面目くさっ","gloss":"the Badger"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 狸","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"あなた","lemma":"あなた","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of the quoted question (宿直ではなかった)","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking あなた","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"今日","lemma":"今日","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 宿直","gloss":"today"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 今日","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"宿直","lemma":"宿直","morphology":"noun","role":"predicate complement of で(は)ない (quoted clause)","gloss":"night duty"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 宿直","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase で","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"なかっ","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase で","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 宿直","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"です","lemma":"です","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 宿直","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 宿直","gloss":"(question)"},{"surface":"ねえ","lemma":"ねえ","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 宿直","gloss":"eh"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 宿直","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"真面目くさっ","lemma":"真面目くさる","morphology":"verb","role":"clausal complement of 聞い","gloss":"looking earnest"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 真面目くさっ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"聞い","lemma":"聞く","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 聞い","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":41,"label":"","id":"ch04-p3-s7","source":"なかったですかねえもないもんだ。","translation":"\"Wasn't I\" — as if he didn't know.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p3-s7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"なかっ","lemma":"ない","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on ない","gloss":"wasn't"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of なかっ","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"です","lemma":"です","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of なかっ","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of なかっ","gloss":"(question)"},{"surface":"ねえ","lemma":"ねえ","morphology":"particle","role":"quoted phrase, marked by も","gloss":"eh","note":"ねえ is the same sentence-final interjection as elsewhere ('eh/right?'), not the complementizer 'that' (that role belongs to と, a different token)."},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking ねえ","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying もん","gloss":"isn't"},{"surface":"もん","lemma":"もん","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"the idea"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to もん","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":42,"label":"","id":"ch04-p3-s8","source":"二時間前おれに向って今夜は始めての宿直ですね。","translation":"Two hours earlier he'd said to me, \"Tonight's your first night duty, isn't it?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p3-s8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"二","lemma":"二","morphology":"numeral","role":"compound with 前","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"時間","lemma":"時間","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 前","gloss":"hours"},{"surface":"前","lemma":"前","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 向っ","gloss":"earlier"},{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 向っ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"向っ","lemma":"向う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial, introduces facing おれ","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 向っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"今夜","lemma":"今夜","morphology":"noun","role":"subject-topic of 宿直 (predicate)","gloss":"tonight"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 今夜","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"始め","lemma":"初めて","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 宿直 (first time)","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"初めて","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the word 始めて (with 始め)","gloss":"(cont.)"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 始めて","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"宿直","lemma":"宿直","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"night duty"},{"surface":"です","lemma":"です","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 宿直","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ね","lemma":"ね","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 宿直","gloss":"right?"}]},{"number":43,"label":"","id":"ch04-p3-s9","source":"ご苦労さま。","translation":"Good luck with it\" —","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p3-s9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ご","lemma":"ご","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with さま","gloss":"(honorific)"},{"surface":"苦労","lemma":"苦労","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with さま","gloss":"good luck"},{"surface":"さま","lemma":"さま","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"(honorific)"}]},{"number":44,"label":"","id":"ch04-p3-s10","source":"と礼を云ったじゃないか。","translation":"— thanking me for it, no less.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p3-s10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"quotative particle referencing the prior quote","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"礼","lemma":"礼","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 云っ","gloss":"thanks"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 礼","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"云っ","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 云っ","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"じゃ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 云っ","gloss":"is","note":"じゃ is だ ('is'); negation belongs to the following ない ('not'). Glossing じゃ as 'isn't' duplicates the negation onto both tokens."},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase じゃ","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 云っ","gloss":"(question)"}]},{"number":45,"label":"","id":"ch04-p3-s11","source":"校長なんかになるといやに曲りくねった言葉を使うもんだ。","translation":"Get to be a principal and you start using the most twisted language imaginable.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p3-s11.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"曲りくねった言葉","title":"«曲りくねった言葉» — 'twisted words'","body":"Literally 'winding, crooked language' — Botchan's contempt for the principal's evasive, over-polite way of talking, which says one thing while meaning another."}],"words":[{"surface":"校長","lemma":"校長","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of なる","gloss":"principal"},{"surface":"なんか","lemma":"なんか","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 校長","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 校長","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"なる","lemma":"なる","morphology":"verb","role":"conditional clause modifying 使う","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of なる","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"いや","lemma":"いや","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies 曲りくねった","gloss":"awfully"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbializer of いや","gloss":"(adv. marker)"},{"surface":"曲り","lemma":"曲る","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 言葉","gloss":"twisted"},{"surface":"くねっ","lemma":"曲りくねる","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 言葉","gloss":"winding"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of くねっ","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"言葉","lemma":"言葉","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 使う","gloss":"language"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 言葉","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"使う","lemma":"使う","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying もん","gloss":"use"},{"surface":"もん","lemma":"もん","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"the way it is"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to もん","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":46,"label":"","id":"ch04-p3-s12","source":"おれは腹が立ったから、ええ宿直です。","translation":"It made me angry, so I said, \"Yes, I'm on night duty.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p3-s12.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"noun","role":"depends on 立っ","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"topic marker"},{"surface":"腹","lemma":"腹","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 立っ","gloss":"belly"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 腹","gloss":"subject marker"},{"surface":"立っ","lemma":"立つ","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on です","gloss":"flared up","note":"腹が立つ is idiomatic for 'get angry.'"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 立っ","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 立っ","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ええ","lemma":"ええ","morphology":"interjection","role":"interjection before 宿直です","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"宿直","lemma":"宿直","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"night duty"},{"surface":"です","lemma":"です","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 宿直","gloss":"am"}]},{"number":47,"label":"","id":"ch04-p3-s13","source":"宿直ですから、これから帰って泊る事はたしかに泊りますと云い捨てて済ましてあるき出した。","translation":"Since I'm on duty, I will certainly be back to sleep there tonight,\" I flung at him, and stalked off.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p3-s13.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"宿直","lemma":"宿直","morphology":"noun","role":"adverbial clause on 泊り","gloss":"night duty"},{"surface":"です","lemma":"です","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 宿直","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 宿直","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"これ","lemma":"これ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of 帰っ","gloss":"now","note":"これから = 'from now on.'"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking これ","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"帰っ","lemma":"帰る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 泊る","gloss":"go back"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 帰っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"泊る","lemma":"泊る","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 事","gloss":"stay overnight"},{"surface":"事","lemma":"事","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 泊り","gloss":"matter"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 事","gloss":"topic marker"},{"surface":"たしか","lemma":"たしか","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on 泊り","gloss":"certain"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial particle on たしか","gloss":"-ly"},{"surface":"泊り","lemma":"泊る","morphology":"verb","role":"clausal complement of 云い","gloss":"will stay"},{"surface":"ます","lemma":"ます","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 泊り","gloss":"(polite)"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 泊り","gloss":"quote marker"},{"surface":"云い","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 済まし","gloss":"flung out"},{"surface":"捨て","lemma":"捨てる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 済まし","gloss":"cast off"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 捨て","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"済まし","lemma":"済ます","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on あるき","gloss":"settled it"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 済まし","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"あるき","lemma":"あるく","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 出し","gloss":"walked"},{"surface":"出し","lemma":"出す","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"started"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 出し","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":48,"label":"","id":"ch04-p3-s14","source":"竪町の四つ角までくると今度は山嵐に出っ喰わした。","translation":"By the time I reached the crossroads at Tatemachi, this time I ran smack into Porcupine.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p3-s14.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"竪町","lemma":"竪町","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 四つ角","gloss":"Tatemachi"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 竪町","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"四つ角","lemma":"四つ角","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of くる","gloss":"crossroads"},{"surface":"まで","lemma":"まで","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 四つ角","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"くる","lemma":"来る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 出","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of くる","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"今度","lemma":"今度","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 出","gloss":"this time"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 今度","gloss":"topic marker"},{"surface":"山嵐","lemma":"山嵐","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 出","gloss":"Porcupine"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 山嵐","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"出","lemma":"出る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 喰わし","gloss":"(compound)","note":"出っ喰わす (also 出っくわす) is a set compound meaning 'bump into, run into'; the sense lands on 喰わし."},{"surface":"っ","lemma":"っ","morphology":"particle","role":"compound with 喰わし","gloss":"(compound)"},{"surface":"喰わし","lemma":"喰わす","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"ran into"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 喰わし","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":49,"label":"","id":"ch04-p3-s15","source":"どうも狭い所だ。","translation":"What a cramped little town this is.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p3-s15.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"どう","lemma":"どう","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 狭い","gloss":"really"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking どう","gloss":"(intensifier)"},{"surface":"狭い","lemma":"狭い","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 所","gloss":"cramped"},{"surface":"所","lemma":"所","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 所","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":50,"label":"","id":"ch04-p3-s16","source":"出てあるきさえすれば必ず誰かに逢う。","translation":"Step outside at all and you're bound to run into someone.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p3-s16.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"出","lemma":"出る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on すれ","gloss":"go out"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 出","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ある","lemma":"あるく","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"walk","note":"ある + き here are the tagger's mis-split of あるき, the stem of あるく 'to walk.'"},{"surface":"き","lemma":"あるく","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on すれ","gloss":"(cont.)"},{"surface":"さえ","lemma":"さえ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking き","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"すれ","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 逢う","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"ば","lemma":"ば","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of すれ","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"必ず","lemma":"必ず","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 誰","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"誰","lemma":"誰","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of 逢う","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 誰","gloss":"some-"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 誰","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"逢う","lemma":"逢う","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"meet"}]},{"number":51,"label":"","id":"ch04-p3-s17","source":"「おい君は宿直じゃないか」と聞くから「うん、宿直だ」と答えたら、「宿直が無暗に出てあるくなんて、不都合じゃないか」と云った。","translation":"\"Hey, aren't you on night duty?\" he asked, and I said, \"Yeah, I'm on duty,\" and he said, \"It's pretty irregular for someone on duty to go wandering around like this.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p3-s17.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"おい","lemma":"おい","morphology":"interjection","role":"compound with 君","gloss":"hey"},{"surface":"君","lemma":"君","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 宿直","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 君","gloss":"topic marker"},{"surface":"宿直","lemma":"宿直","morphology":"noun","role":"adverbial clause on 聞く","gloss":"night duty"},{"surface":"じゃ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 宿直","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase じゃ","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 宿直","gloss":"?"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 宿直","gloss":"quote marker"},{"surface":"聞く","lemma":"聞く","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 答え","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 聞く","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"うん","lemma":"うん","morphology":"interjection","role":"modifies 宿直","gloss":"yeah"},{"surface":"宿直","lemma":"宿直","morphology":"noun","role":"adverbial clause on 答え","gloss":"night duty"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 宿直","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 宿直","gloss":"quote marker"},{"surface":"答え","lemma":"答える","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 云っ","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"たら","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 答え","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"宿直","lemma":"宿直","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 出","gloss":"night duty"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 宿直","gloss":"subject marker"},{"surface":"無暗","lemma":"無暗","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on 出","gloss":"recklessly"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial particle on 無暗","gloss":"-ly"},{"surface":"出","lemma":"出る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on あるく","gloss":"go out"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 出","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"あるく","lemma":"あるく","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 云っ","gloss":"walk around"},{"surface":"なんて","lemma":"なんて","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of あるく","gloss":"the idea of"},{"surface":"不","lemma":"不","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 都合","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"都合","lemma":"都合","morphology":"noun","role":"adverbial clause on 云っ","gloss":"convenient"},{"surface":"じゃ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 都合","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase じゃ","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 都合","gloss":"?"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 都合","gloss":"quote marker"},{"surface":"云っ","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 云っ","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":52,"label":"","id":"ch04-p3-s18","source":"「ちっとも不都合なもんか、出てあるかない方が不都合だ」と威張ってみせた。","translation":"\"Not irregular in the least — it'd be more irregular not to go out,\" I answered, putting on a brave front.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p3-s18.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ちっとも","lemma":"ちっとも","morphology":"adverb","role":"compound with 都合","gloss":"not at all"},{"surface":"不","lemma":"不","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 都合","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"都合","lemma":"都合","morphology":"noun","role":"clause modifying もん","gloss":"convenient"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 都合","gloss":"that is"},{"surface":"もん","lemma":"もの","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 威張っ","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking もん","gloss":"hardly!"},{"surface":"出","lemma":"出る","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 方","gloss":"go out"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 出","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ある","lemma":"あるく","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"walk"},{"surface":"かない","lemma":"あるく","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 方","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"方","lemma":"方","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 都合","gloss":"case"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 方","gloss":"subject marker"},{"surface":"不","lemma":"不","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 都合","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"都合","lemma":"都合","morphology":"noun","role":"adverbial clause on 威張っ","gloss":"convenient"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 都合","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 都合","gloss":"quote marker"},{"surface":"威張っ","lemma":"威張る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on みせ","gloss":"swaggered"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 威張っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"みせ","lemma":"みせる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"for show"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of みせ","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":53,"label":"","id":"ch04-p3-s19","source":"「君のずぼらにも困るな、校長か教頭に出逢うと面倒だぜ」と山嵐に似合わない事を云うから「校長にはたった今逢った。暑い時には散歩でもしないと宿直も骨でしょうと校長が、おれの散歩をほめたよ」と云って、面倒臭いから、さっさと学校へ帰って来た。","translation":"\"You and your slapdash ways — it'll be trouble if you run into the principal or the vice-principal,\" he said, sounding quite unlike himself, so I told him, \"I already ran into the principal just now. The principal praised my walk. He said, 'In this heat, night duty must be hard unless you get out for a stroll.'\" — and, too bothered to say more, I hurried straight back to school.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p3-s19.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"面倒だぜ","title":"«〜ぜ» — Botchan's rough masculine particle","body":"«ぜ» tacked onto a plain-form sentence marks blunt, familiar, masculine speech — here Porcupine warning Botchan, man to man, that he'll be in trouble if the principal catches him."}],"words":[{"surface":"君","lemma":"君","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies ずぼら","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 君","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"ずぼら","lemma":"ずぼら","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 困る","gloss":"slapdash ways"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking ずぼら","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking ずぼら","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"困る","lemma":"困る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 逢っ","gloss":"is a problem"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"な","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 困る","gloss":"huh"},{"surface":"校長","lemma":"校長","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 教頭","gloss":"principal"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 校長","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"教頭","lemma":"教頭","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 出","gloss":"vice-principal"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 教頭","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"出","lemma":"出る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 面倒","gloss":"(compound)","note":"出逢う 'to encounter' is a compound; the sense lands on 逢う."},{"surface":"逢う","lemma":"逢う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 面倒","gloss":"run into"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 逢う","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"面倒","lemma":"面倒","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on 云う","gloss":"trouble"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 面倒","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ぜ","lemma":"ぜ","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 面倒","gloss":"you know"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 面倒","gloss":"quote marker"},{"surface":"山嵐","lemma":"山嵐","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 似","gloss":"Porcupine"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 山嵐","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"似","lemma":"似る","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 事","gloss":"(compound)","note":"似合う 'to suit' is a compound; the sense lands on 合わ."},{"surface":"合わ","lemma":"合う","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 事","gloss":"suited"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 合わ","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"事","lemma":"事","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 云う","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 事","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"云う","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 逢っ","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 云う","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"校長","lemma":"校長","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 逢っ","gloss":"the principal"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 校長","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 校長","gloss":"topic marker"},{"surface":"たった","lemma":"たった","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 逢っ","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"今","lemma":"今","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 逢っ","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"逢っ","lemma":"逢う","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"met"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 逢っ","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"暑い","lemma":"暑い","morphology":"adjective","role":"compound with 時","gloss":"hot"},{"surface":"時","lemma":"時","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of し","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 時","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 時","gloss":"topic marker"},{"surface":"散歩","lemma":"散歩","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of し","gloss":"a walk"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 散歩","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 散歩","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 骨","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of し","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of し","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"宿直","lemma":"宿直","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 骨","gloss":"night duty"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 宿直","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"骨","lemma":"骨","morphology":"noun","role":"adverbial clause on ほめ","gloss":"hard work"},{"surface":"でしょう","lemma":"です","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 骨","gloss":"must be"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 骨","gloss":"quote marker"},{"surface":"校長","lemma":"校長","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of ほめ","gloss":"the principal"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 校長","gloss":"subject marker"},{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies 散歩","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"散歩","lemma":"散歩","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of ほめ","gloss":"walk"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 散歩","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"ほめ","lemma":"ほめる","morphology":"verb","role":"clausal complement of 云っ","gloss":"praised"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of ほめ","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"よ","lemma":"よ","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of ほめ","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking ほめ","gloss":"quote marker"},{"surface":"云っ","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 帰っ","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 云っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"面倒臭い","lemma":"面倒臭い","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on 帰っ","gloss":"bothersome"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 面倒臭い","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"さっさと","lemma":"さっさと","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 帰っ","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"学校","lemma":"学校","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 帰っ","gloss":"school"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 学校","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"帰っ","lemma":"帰る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"returned"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 帰っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"来","lemma":"来る","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 帰っ","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":54,"label":"4","id":"ch04-p4-s1","source":"それから日はすぐくれる。","translation":"After that, darkness falls fast.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p4-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"それ","lemma":"それ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking それ","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"日","lemma":"日","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of くれる","gloss":"daylight"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 日","gloss":"topic marker"},{"surface":"すぐ","lemma":"すぐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies くれる","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"くれる","lemma":"暮れる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"falls"}]},{"number":55,"label":"","id":"ch04-p4-s2","source":"くれてから二時間ばかりは小使を宿直部屋へ呼んで話をしたが、それも飽きたから、寝られないまでも床へはいろうと思って、寝巻に着換えて、蚊帳を捲くって、赤い毛布を跳ねのけて、とんと尻持を突いて、仰向けになった。","translation":"Once it was dark I called the janitor to the night-duty room and chatted with him for a couple of hours, but I got tired of that too, and though I couldn't sleep, I thought I'd get into bed anyway, so I changed into my nightclothes, rolled up the mosquito net, kicked off the red blanket, came down on my backside with a thump and lay back face up.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p4-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"着換えて、捲くって、跳ねのけて、突いて","title":"Chained «て»-forms","body":"A run of chained verb forms strings five actions into one breathless motion: changing, rolling up the net, kicking off the blanket, dropping onto his backside, and lying face up. — changing, rolling up the net, kicking off the blanket, flopping down — mirroring how fast and carelessly Botchan gets into bed."}],"words":[{"surface":"くれ","lemma":"暮れる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 呼ん","gloss":"grew dark","note":"日が暮れる implied — 'once the day grew dark'."},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of くれ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking くれ","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"二","lemma":"二","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies 時間","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"時間","lemma":"時間","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 呼ん","gloss":"hours"},{"surface":"ばかり","lemma":"ばかり","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 時間","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 時間","gloss":"as for"},{"surface":"小使","lemma":"小使","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 呼ん","gloss":"the janitor"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 小使","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"宿直","lemma":"宿直","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 部屋","gloss":"night-duty"},{"surface":"部屋","lemma":"部屋","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 呼ん","gloss":"room"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 部屋","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"呼ん","lemma":"呼ぶ","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on し","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 呼ん","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"話","lemma":"話","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of し","gloss":"talk"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 話","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 飽き","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of し","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of し","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"それ","lemma":"それ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of 飽き","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking それ","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"飽き","lemma":"飽きる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 思っ","gloss":"grew tired"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 飽き","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 飽き","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"寝","lemma":"寝る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on はいろう","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"られ","lemma":"られる","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 寝","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 寝","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"まで","lemma":"まで","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 寝","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 寝","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"床","lemma":"床","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of はいろう","gloss":"bed"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 床","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"はいろう","lemma":"はいる","morphology":"verb","role":"clausal complement of 思っ","gloss":"get in"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking はいろう","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"思っ","lemma":"思う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 捲く","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 思っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"寝巻","lemma":"寝巻","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 着","gloss":"nightclothes"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 寝巻","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"着","lemma":"着る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 捲く","gloss":"put on"},{"surface":"換え","lemma":"換える","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 捲く","gloss":"changed","note":"着換える 'change clothes' split by the tagger; 着 carries the literal 'wear', 換え the contextual 'changed'."},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 換え","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"蚊帳","lemma":"蚊帳","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 捲く","gloss":"mosquito net"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 蚊帳","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"捲く","lemma":"捲くる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on のけ","gloss":"rolled up"},{"surface":"って","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 捲く","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"赤い","lemma":"赤い","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 毛布","gloss":"red"},{"surface":"毛布","lemma":"毛布","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of のけ","gloss":"blanket"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 毛布","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"跳ね","lemma":"跳ねる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on のけ","gloss":"kicked","note":"跳ねのける 'kick off/away' split; 跳ね carries the literal kick, のけ the contextual 'off'."},{"surface":"のけ","lemma":"のける","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 突い","gloss":"off"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of のけ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"とんと","lemma":"とんと","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 突い","gloss":"with a thump"},{"surface":"尻","lemma":"尻","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 突い","gloss":"backside"},{"surface":"持","lemma":"持","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 突い","gloss":"prop","note":"尻持を突く is an idiom for dropping flat onto one's backside."},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 持","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"突い","lemma":"突く","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on なっ","gloss":"thumped down"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 突い","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"仰向け","lemma":"仰向け","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of なっ","gloss":"face-up"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 仰向け","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"なっ","lemma":"なる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"ended up"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of なっ","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":56,"label":"","id":"ch04-p4-s3","source":"おれが寝るときにとんと尻持をつくのは小供の時からの癖だ。","translation":"Thumping down on my backside when I go to bed has been a habit of mine since I was a boy.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p4-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of 寝る","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"(subject)"},{"surface":"寝る","lemma":"寝る","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying とき","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"とき","lemma":"とき","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of つく","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking とき","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"とんと","lemma":"とんと","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies つく","gloss":"with a thump"},{"surface":"尻","lemma":"尻","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of つく","gloss":"backside"},{"surface":"持","lemma":"持","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of つく","gloss":"prop"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 持","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"つく","lemma":"つく","morphology":"verb","role":"predicate of the clause nominalized by の","gloss":"landing"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of つく","gloss":"the act of"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking つく","gloss":"as for"},{"surface":"小供","lemma":"子供","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 時","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 小供","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"時","lemma":"時","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 癖","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 時","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 時","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"癖","lemma":"癖","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"habit"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 癖","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":57,"label":"","id":"ch04-p4-s4","source":"わるい癖だと云って小川町の下宿に居た時分、二階下に居た法律学校の書生が苦情を持ち込んだ事がある。","translation":"Once, when I was boarding in Ogawamachi, a law-school student living one floor below came up to complain that it was a bad habit.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p4-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"わるい","lemma":"わるい","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 癖","gloss":"bad"},{"surface":"癖","lemma":"癖","morphology":"noun","role":"clausal complement of 云っ","gloss":"habit"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 癖","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 癖","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"云っ","lemma":"言う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 居","gloss":"said","note":"云う is the older kanji for 言う 'to say'; modern standard headword used as lemma."},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 云っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"小川","lemma":"小川","morphology":"proper noun","role":"compound with 町","gloss":"Ogawa"},{"surface":"町","lemma":"町","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 下宿","gloss":"town"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 町","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"下宿","lemma":"下宿","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 居","gloss":"boarding house"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 下宿","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"居","lemma":"居る","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 時分","gloss":"was living"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 居","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"時分","lemma":"時分","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 事","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"二","lemma":"二","morphology":"numeral","role":"compound with 下","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"階","lemma":"階","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 下","gloss":"floor"},{"surface":"下","lemma":"下","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 居","gloss":"below"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 下","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"居","lemma":"居る","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 学校","gloss":"was living"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 居","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"法律","lemma":"法律","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 学校","gloss":"law"},{"surface":"学校","lemma":"学校","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 書生","gloss":"school"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 学校","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"書生","lemma":"書生","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 事","gloss":"student"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 書生","gloss":"(subject)"},{"surface":"苦情","lemma":"苦情","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 持ち","gloss":"complaint"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 苦情","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"持ち","lemma":"持つ","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 事","gloss":"brought"},{"surface":"込ん","lemma":"込む","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 事","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 込ん","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"事","lemma":"事","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"matter"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase 事","gloss":"(subject)"},{"surface":"ある","lemma":"ある","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase 事","gloss":"there was"}]},{"number":58,"label":"","id":"ch04-p4-s5","source":"法律の書生なんてものは弱い癖に、やに口が達者なもので、愚な事を長たらしく述べ立てるから、寝る時にどんどん音がするのはおれの尻がわるいのじゃない。","translation":"Law students, for all that they're weaklings, have such a slick way with words, and this one went on and on about some nonsense, so I told him — the racket when I go to bed at night isn't my backside's fault.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p4-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"法律","lemma":"法律","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 書生","gloss":"law"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 法律","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"書生","lemma":"書生","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies もの","gloss":"students"},{"surface":"なんて","lemma":"なんて","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 書生","gloss":"the likes of"},{"surface":"もの","lemma":"もの","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 弱い","gloss":"sort"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking もの","gloss":"as for"},{"surface":"弱い","lemma":"弱い","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 癖","gloss":"weak"},{"surface":"癖","lemma":"癖","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies もの","gloss":"even though","note":"X癖に is an idiom: 'even though X'."},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 癖","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"や","lemma":"やに","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 達者","gloss":"awfully","note":"やに 'terribly/awfully' was mis-split by the tagger into や + に."},{"surface":"に","lemma":"やに","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of やに","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"口","lemma":"口","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 達者","gloss":"tongue"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 口","gloss":"(subject)"},{"surface":"達者","lemma":"達者","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying もの","gloss":"glib"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 達者","gloss":"(is)"},{"surface":"もの","lemma":"もの","morphology":"noun","role":"clause modifying 事","gloss":"sort"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to もの","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"愚","lemma":"愚","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 事","gloss":"foolish"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 愚","gloss":"(is)"},{"surface":"事","lemma":"事","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"nonsense"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 事","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"長たらしく","lemma":"長たらしい","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 述べ立てる","gloss":"long-windedly"},{"surface":"述べ","lemma":"述べる","morphology":"verb","role":"compound with 立てる","gloss":"went on"},{"surface":"立てる","lemma":"立てる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on する","gloss":"and on"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 立てる","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"寝る","lemma":"寝る","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 時","gloss":"go to bed"},{"surface":"時","lemma":"時","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of する","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 時","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"どんどん","lemma":"どんどん","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies する","gloss":"loudly"},{"surface":"音","lemma":"音","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of する","gloss":"noise"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 音","gloss":"(subject)"},{"surface":"する","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"predicate of the clause nominalized by の","gloss":"occurs"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of する","gloss":"the fact that"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking する","gloss":"as for"},{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies 尻","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"尻","lemma":"尻","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of わるい","gloss":"backside"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 尻","gloss":"(subject)"},{"surface":"わるい","lemma":"わるい","morphology":"adjective","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"at fault"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of わるい","gloss":"the fact that"},{"surface":"じゃ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase の","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase の","gloss":"not"}]},{"number":59,"label":"","id":"ch04-p4-s6","source":"下宿の建築が粗末なんだ。","translation":"It's the lodging house's shoddy construction that's to blame.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p4-s6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"下宿","lemma":"下宿","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 建築","gloss":"the boarding house"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 下宿","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"建築","lemma":"建築","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 粗末","gloss":"construction"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 建築","gloss":"(subject)"},{"surface":"粗末","lemma":"粗末","morphology":"adjective","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"shoddy"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 粗末","gloss":"(is)"},{"surface":"ん","lemma":"ん","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 粗末","gloss":"the thing is"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase ん","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":60,"label":"","id":"ch04-p4-s7","source":"掛ケ合うなら下宿へ掛ケ合えと凹ましてやった。","translation":"If you've got a complaint, take it up with the landlord, not me — and I sent him packing.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p4-s7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"掛ケ","lemma":"掛ける","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 下宿","gloss":"take it up","note":"Katakana ケ is a Meiji-era typesetting convention for け; modern spelling is 掛け合う 'to negotiate/take up a matter with'."},{"surface":"合う","lemma":"合う","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 下宿","gloss":"with (them)"},{"surface":"なら","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 合う","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"下宿","lemma":"下宿","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 掛ケ","gloss":"the boarding house"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 下宿","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"掛ケ","lemma":"掛ける","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 凹まし","gloss":"take it up"},{"surface":"合え","lemma":"合う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 凹まし","gloss":"with (them)"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 合え","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"凹まし","lemma":"凹ます","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on やっ","gloss":"put him down"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 凹まし","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"やっ","lemma":"やる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of やっ","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":61,"label":"","id":"ch04-p4-s8","source":"この宿直部屋は二階じゃないから、いくら、どしんと倒れても構わない。","translation":"This night-duty room isn't upstairs, so it doesn't matter how hard I come down with a thud.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p4-s8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"この","lemma":"この","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of 部屋","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"宿直","lemma":"宿直","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 部屋","gloss":"night-duty"},{"surface":"部屋","lemma":"部屋","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 階","gloss":"room"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 部屋","gloss":"as for"},{"surface":"二","lemma":"二","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies 階","gloss":"second"},{"surface":"階","lemma":"階","morphology":"noun","role":"predicate complement of 部屋","gloss":"floor"},{"surface":"じゃ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 階","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase じゃ","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 階","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"いくら","lemma":"いくら","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 倒れ","gloss":"however much"},{"surface":"どしん","lemma":"どしん","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on 倒れ","gloss":"with a thud"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking どしん","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"倒れ","lemma":"倒れる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 構わ","gloss":"come down"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 倒れ","gloss":"(and)"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 倒れ","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"構わ","lemma":"構う","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"matter"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 構わ","gloss":"not"}]},{"number":62,"label":"","id":"ch04-p4-s9","source":"なるべく勢よく倒れないと寝たような心持ちがしない。","translation":"If I don't flop down with real force it doesn't feel like I've properly gone to sleep.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p4-s9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"なるべく","lemma":"なるべく","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 倒れ","gloss":"as much as possible"},{"surface":"勢","lemma":"勢","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 倒れ","gloss":"force"},{"surface":"よく","lemma":"よく","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 倒れ","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"倒れ","lemma":"倒れる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on し","gloss":"flop down"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 倒れ","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 倒れ","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"寝","lemma":"寝る","morphology":"verb","role":"modifies よう","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 寝","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"よう","lemma":"よう","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"modifies 心持ち","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of よう","gloss":"(is)"},{"surface":"心持ち","lemma":"心持ち","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of し","gloss":"feeling"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 心持ち","gloss":"(subject)"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of し","gloss":"not"}]},{"number":63,"label":"","id":"ch04-p4-s10","source":"ああ愉快だと足をうんと延ばすと、何だか両足へ飛び付いた。","translation":"\"Ah, this is the life,\" I thought, stretching my legs out good and wide, when something jumped onto both my feet.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p4-s10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ああ","lemma":"ああ","morphology":"interjection","role":"interjection expressing feeling","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"愉快","lemma":"愉快","morphology":"adjectival noun (na-adjective)","role":"predicate of the quoted thought, adverbial clause on 延ばす","gloss":"wonderful"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb (copula)","role":"copula, predicate of 愉快","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"quotative particle marking the thought 愉快だ","gloss":"thinking"},{"surface":"足","lemma":"足","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 延ばす","gloss":"legs"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"object marker of 足","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"うんと","lemma":"うんと","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 延ばす","gloss":"way out"},{"surface":"延ばす","lemma":"延ばす","morphology":"verb","role":"verb of the と-clause, adverbial on 飛び付い","gloss":"stretch"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"conditional marker, introduces clause of 延ばす modifying 飛び付い","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"何","lemma":"何","morphology":"pronoun","role":"part of 何だか, subject of 飛び付い","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb (copula)","role":"part of the idiom 何だか","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the idiom 何だか (indefiniteness)","gloss":"or other","note":"何だか together means 'somehow, for some reason' — something unspecified."},{"surface":"両足","lemma":"両足","morphology":"noun","role":"goal of 飛び付い, marked by へ","gloss":"both feet"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"direction marker of 両足","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"飛び","lemma":"飛ぶ","morphology":"verb","role":"first element of compound verb 飛び付く (main verb)","gloss":"jumped"},{"surface":"付い","lemma":"付く","morphology":"verb","role":"second element of compound verb 飛び付く, with 飛び","gloss":"and landed on"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"past tense auxiliary of 付い","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":64,"label":"","id":"ch04-p4-s11","source":"ざらざらして蚤のようでもないからこいつあと驚ろいて、足を二三度毛布の中で振ってみた。","translation":"It felt gritty, not at all like fleas, so I gave a start — what the devil — and shook my feet a couple of times inside the blanket.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p4-s11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ざらざら","lemma":"ざらざら","morphology":"adverb (mimetic)","role":"manner adverb with し (ざらざらする), clause modifying 驚ろい","gloss":"gritty"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"verb する with ざらざら (feels gritty)","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"particle","role":"connects ざらざらして to the following clause","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"蚤","lemma":"蚤","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies よう","gloss":"flea"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"attributive marker linking 蚤 to よう","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"よう","lemma":"よう","morphology":"noun","role":"predicate noun (蚤のよう), negated by でもない","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula (converb) of よう","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"adds emphasis to でない (でもない)","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"adjective","role":"negates よう...で, clause modifying 驚ろい","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"particle","role":"causal marker, clause modifies 驚ろい","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"こいつ","lemma":"こいつ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"topic (colloquial こいつは), of the exclamation before 驚ろい","gloss":"this thing"},{"surface":"あと","lemma":"あと","morphology":"particle","role":"topic+quote marker (colloquial fusion of こいつは + と), introduces the exclamation modifying 驚ろい","gloss":"what!","note":"colloquial contraction of は + と; the narrator exclaims 'what's this!' before being startled."},{"surface":"驚ろい","lemma":"驚く","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause (causal chain) on 振っ","gloss":"was startled","note":"驚ろく is an older okurigana spelling of 驚く."},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"particle","role":"connects 驚ろい to 振っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"足","lemma":"足","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 振っ","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"object marker of 足","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"二三","lemma":"二三","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies 度 (two or three)","gloss":"two or three"},{"surface":"度","lemma":"度","morphology":"noun (counter)","role":"counts times, modifies 振っ","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"毛布","lemma":"毛布","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 中","gloss":"blanket"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"attributive marker linking 毛布 to 中","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"中","lemma":"中","morphology":"noun","role":"location complement of 振っ","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"location marker of 中","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"振っ","lemma":"振る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"shook"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"particle","role":"connects 振っ to み","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"み","lemma":"みる","morphology":"verb","role":"auxiliary (try) with 振っ","gloss":"tried"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"past tense auxiliary of 振っ","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":65,"label":"","id":"ch04-p4-s12","source":"するとざらざらと当ったものが、急に殖え出して脛が五六カ所、股が二三カ所、尻の下でぐちゃりと踏み潰したのが一つ、臍の所まで飛び上がったのが一つ――いよいよ驚ろいた。","translation":"Then whatever the gritty things were suddenly multiplied — five or six on my shins, two or three on my thighs, one squashed with a squish under my backside, one that leaped clean up to my navel — by now I was thoroughly alarmed.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p4-s12.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"する","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"forms the conjunction すると (then), introduces the sentence","gloss":"that happening"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"forms the conjunction すると with する","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ざらざら","lemma":"ざらざら","morphology":"adverb (mimetic)","role":"manner adverb modifying 当っ","gloss":"grittily"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbializing marker on ざらざら","gloss":"manner"},{"surface":"当っ","lemma":"当る","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying もの","gloss":"touched"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"past tense auxiliary of 当っ","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"もの","lemma":"もの","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 殖え出し","gloss":"things"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"subject marker of もの","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"急","lemma":"急","morphology":"adjectival noun (na-adjective)","role":"predicate with に (急に), modifies 殖え出し","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"adverbializer forming 急に","gloss":"(adverbial)"},{"surface":"殖え","lemma":"殖える","morphology":"verb","role":"predicate of the first clause (脛が…股が…), adverbial chain toward 驚ろい","gloss":"increased"},{"surface":"出し","lemma":"出す","morphology":"verb","role":"completive auxiliary with 殖え (殖え出す, 'began to multiply')","gloss":"began to"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"particle","role":"connects 殖え出し to the following clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"脛","lemma":"脛","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of the カ所 predicate","gloss":"shins"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"subject marker of 脛","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"五六","lemma":"五六","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies カ所","gloss":"five or six"},{"surface":"カ所","lemma":"カ所","morphology":"noun (counter)","role":"predicate counting 脛's locations","gloss":"places"},{"surface":"股","lemma":"股","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of the カ所 predicate","gloss":"thighs"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"subject marker of 股","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"二三","lemma":"二三","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies カ所","gloss":"two or three"},{"surface":"カ所","lemma":"カ所","morphology":"noun (counter)","role":"predicate counting 股's locations","gloss":"places"},{"surface":"尻","lemma":"尻","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 下","gloss":"backside"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"attributive marker linking 尻 to 下","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"下","lemma":"下","morphology":"noun","role":"location complement of 踏み潰し","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"location marker of 下","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ぐちゃり","lemma":"ぐちゃり","morphology":"adverb (mimetic)","role":"manner adverb modifying 踏み潰し","gloss":"squishily"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbializing marker on ぐちゃり","gloss":"manner"},{"surface":"踏み","lemma":"踏む","morphology":"verb","role":"first element of compound verb 踏み潰す, clause modifying つ","gloss":"stepped"},{"surface":"潰し","lemma":"潰す","morphology":"verb","role":"second element of compound verb 踏み潰す, with 踏み","gloss":"and crushed"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"past tense auxiliary of 潰し","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"nominalizer, turns 踏み潰したの into 'the one that...'","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"subject marker of 潰したの","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"一","lemma":"一","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies つ","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"つ","lemma":"つ","morphology":"noun (counter)","role":"predicate, counts 踏み潰したの","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"臍","lemma":"臍","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 所","gloss":"navel"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"attributive marker linking 臍 to 所","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"所","lemma":"所","morphology":"noun","role":"goal complement of 飛び上がっ","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"まで","lemma":"まで","morphology":"particle","role":"extent marker of 所","gloss":"up to"},{"surface":"飛び","lemma":"飛ぶ","morphology":"verb","role":"first element of compound verb 飛び上がる, clause modifying つ","gloss":"leapt"},{"surface":"上がっ","lemma":"上がる","morphology":"verb","role":"second element of compound verb 飛び上がる, with 飛び","gloss":"and up"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"past tense auxiliary of 上がっ","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"nominalizer, turns 飛び上がったの into 'the one that...'","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"subject marker of 上がったの","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"一","lemma":"一","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies つ","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"つ","lemma":"つ","morphology":"noun (counter)","role":"predicate, counts 飛び上がったの","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"いよいよ","lemma":"いよいよ","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 驚ろい","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"驚ろい","lemma":"驚く","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was alarmed","note":"驚ろく is an older okurigana spelling of 驚く."},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"past tense auxiliary of 驚ろい","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":66,"label":"","id":"ch04-p4-s13","source":"早速起き上って、毛布をぱっと後ろへ抛ると、蒲団の中から、バッタが五六十飛び出した。","translation":"I sprang up at once, flung the blanket back behind me, and out from the bedding leaped fifty or sixty grasshoppers.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p4-s13.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"早速","lemma":"早速","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 起き上っ","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"起き","lemma":"起きる","morphology":"verb","role":"first element of compound verb 起き上る, adverbial clause on 抛る","gloss":"sprang"},{"surface":"上っ","lemma":"上る","morphology":"verb","role":"second element of compound verb 起き上る, with 起き","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"particle","role":"connects 起き上っ to 抛る","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"毛布","lemma":"毛布","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 抛る","gloss":"blanket"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"object marker of 毛布","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"ぱっ","lemma":"ぱっ","morphology":"adverb (mimetic)","role":"manner adverb modifying 抛る","gloss":"with a snap"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbializing marker on ぱっ","gloss":"manner"},{"surface":"後ろ","lemma":"後ろ","morphology":"noun","role":"goal complement of 抛る","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"direction marker of 後ろ","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"抛る","lemma":"放る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the clause, adverbial on 飛び出し","gloss":"flung","note":"抛る is an older character for 放る."},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"conditional marker, introduces clause of 抛る modifying 飛び出し","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"蒲団","lemma":"蒲団","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 中","gloss":"bedding"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"attributive marker linking 蒲団 to 中","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"中","lemma":"中","morphology":"noun","role":"source complement of 飛び出し","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"particle","role":"source marker of 中","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"バッタ","lemma":"バッタ","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 飛び出し","gloss":"grasshoppers"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"subject marker of バッタ","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"五六十","lemma":"五六十","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies バッタ (quantity)","gloss":"fifty or sixty"},{"surface":"飛び","lemma":"飛ぶ","morphology":"verb","role":"first element of compound verb 飛び出す, main verb","gloss":"leaped"},{"surface":"出し","lemma":"出す","morphology":"verb","role":"second element of compound verb 飛び出す, main verb of the sentence","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"past tense auxiliary of 出し","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":67,"label":"","id":"ch04-p4-s14","source":"正体の知れない時は多少気味が悪るかったが、バッタと相場が極まってみたら急に腹が立った。","translation":"As long as I didn't know what the things were, it was more than a little unnerving, but once I'd settled on \"grasshoppers,\" I suddenly got furious.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p4-s14.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"正体","lemma":"正体","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 知れ (subject-like)","gloss":"true nature"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"subject marker (attributive の) of 正体","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"知れ","lemma":"知れる","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 時","gloss":"was known"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"negates 知れ","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"時","lemma":"時","morphology":"noun","role":"topic, time clause modifying 悪るかっ","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"topic marker of 時","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"多少","lemma":"多少","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 悪るかっ","gloss":"somewhat"},{"surface":"気味","lemma":"気味","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 悪るかっ","gloss":"feeling"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"subject marker of 気味","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"悪るかっ","lemma":"悪い","morphology":"adjective","role":"predicate, contrastive clause on 立っ","gloss":"was unpleasant","note":"悪るい is an older okurigana spelling of 悪い."},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"past tense auxiliary of 悪るかっ","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"contrastive conjunction, introduces clause modifying 立っ","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"バッタ","lemma":"バッタ","morphology":"noun","role":"complement of 極まっ (with と)","gloss":"grasshoppers"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"result marker of バッタ","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"相場","lemma":"相場","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 極まっ","gloss":"conclusion"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"subject marker of 相場","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"極まっ","lemma":"極まる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 立っ","gloss":"settled"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"particle","role":"connects 極まっ to み","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"み","lemma":"みる","morphology":"verb","role":"auxiliary (try) with 極まっ","gloss":"tried"},{"surface":"たら","lemma":"たら","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"conditional auxiliary of 極まっ","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"急","lemma":"急","morphology":"adjectival noun (na-adjective)","role":"predicate with に (急に), modifies 立っ","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"adverbializer forming 急に","gloss":"(adverbial)"},{"surface":"腹","lemma":"腹","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 立っ","gloss":"temper"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"subject marker of 腹","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"立っ","lemma":"立つ","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence (腹が立つ, 'to get angry')","gloss":"flared"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"past tense auxiliary of 立っ","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":68,"label":"","id":"ch04-p4-s15","source":"バッタの癖に人を驚ろかしやがって、どうするか見ろと、いきなり括り枕を取って、二三度擲きつけたが、相手が小さ過ぎるから勢よく抛げつける割に利目がない。","translation":"The nerve of these grasshoppers, giving a man a fright — I'll show them, I thought, and grabbed my hard pillow and flung it at them a couple of times, but they were too small for that, and however hard I threw, it did no good.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p4-s15.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"バッタ","lemma":"バッタ","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 癖","gloss":"grasshoppers"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"attributive marker linking バッタ to 癖","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"癖","lemma":"癖","morphology":"noun","role":"complement of やがっ, idiom の癖に","gloss":"habit","note":"の癖に is an idiom meaning 'despite being just...'"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"idiomatic marker (の癖に), introduces contrastive clause modifying やがっ","gloss":"despite"},{"surface":"人","lemma":"人","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 驚ろかし","gloss":"a person"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"object marker of 人","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"驚ろかし","lemma":"驚かす","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on やがっ","gloss":"startling","note":"驚ろかす is an older okurigana spelling of 驚かす."},{"surface":"やがっ","lemma":"やがる","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"contempt auxiliary on 驚ろかし, adverbial clause on 見ろ","gloss":"damn well"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"particle","role":"connects やがっ to the 見ろ clause","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"どう","lemma":"どう","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies する","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"する","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 見ろ (via か)","gloss":"deal with it"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"question marker, forms indirect question どうするか","gloss":"question"},{"surface":"見ろ","lemma":"見る","morphology":"verb","role":"imperative, adverbial clause on 取っ","gloss":"I'll show them","note":"見ろ literally 'look/see' is used here as a defiant 'I'll show you'."},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"quotative marker, introduces the thought どうするか見ろ","gloss":"thinking"},{"surface":"いきなり","lemma":"いきなり","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 取っ","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"括り枕","lemma":"括り枕","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 取っ","gloss":"hard pillow"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"object marker of 括り枕","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"取っ","lemma":"取る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 擲きつけ","gloss":"grabbed"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"particle","role":"connects 取っ to 擲きつけ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"二三","lemma":"二三","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies 度","gloss":"two or three"},{"surface":"度","lemma":"度","morphology":"noun (counter)","role":"modifies 擲きつけ (times)","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"擲き","lemma":"擲く","morphology":"verb","role":"first element of compound verb 擲きつける, adverbial clause on ない","gloss":"flung"},{"surface":"つけ","lemma":"つける","morphology":"verb","role":"second element of compound verb 擲きつける, with 擲き","gloss":"at them"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"past tense auxiliary of つけ","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"contrastive conjunction, introduces clause modifying ない","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"相手","lemma":"相手","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 過ぎる","gloss":"the opponent"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"subject marker of 相手","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"小さ","lemma":"小さい","morphology":"adjective","role":"predicate with 過ぎる","gloss":"too small"},{"surface":"過ぎる","lemma":"過ぎる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on ない","gloss":"excessively"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"particle","role":"causal marker, introduces clause modifying ない","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"勢","lemma":"勢い","morphology":"noun","role":"complement of よく","gloss":"force"},{"surface":"よく","lemma":"よい","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 抛げつける","gloss":"vigorously"},{"surface":"抛げ","lemma":"投げる","morphology":"verb","role":"first element of compound verb 抛げつける, clause modifying 割","gloss":"threw","note":"抛げる is an older character for 投げる."},{"surface":"つける","lemma":"つける","morphology":"verb","role":"second element of compound verb 抛げつける, with 抛げ","gloss":"at them"},{"surface":"割","lemma":"割","morphology":"noun","role":"complement of ない (割に, 'for all that')","gloss":"proportion"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase 割に","gloss":"despite"},{"surface":"利目","lemma":"利目","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of ない","gloss":"effect"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"subject marker of 利目","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"adjective","role":"main predicate of the sentence","gloss":"there was none"}]},{"number":69,"label":"","id":"ch04-p4-s16","source":"仕方がないから、また布団の上へ坐って、煤掃の時に蓙を丸めて畳を叩くように、そこら近辺を無暗にたたいた。","translation":"No help for it, so I sat back down on the bedding and, the way you roll up a straw mat and beat the tatami floor with it during year-end housecleaning, I whacked away wildly all around me.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p4-s16.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"仕方","lemma":"仕方","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of ない","gloss":"help"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"subject marker of 仕方","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"adjective","role":"predicate, causal clause modifying たたい","gloss":"there was none"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"particle","role":"causal marker, introduces clause modifying たたい","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"また","lemma":"また","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links to the prior action","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"布団","lemma":"布団","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 上","gloss":"bedding"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"attributive marker linking 布団 to 上","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"上","lemma":"上","morphology":"noun","role":"goal complement of 坐っ","gloss":"on top"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"direction marker of 上","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"坐っ","lemma":"座る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on たたい","gloss":"sat","note":"坐る is an older character for 座る."},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"particle","role":"connects 坐っ to the 丸め clause","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"煤掃","lemma":"煤掃","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 時","gloss":"year-end cleaning"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"attributive marker linking 煤掃 to 時","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"時","lemma":"時","morphology":"noun","role":"time complement of 丸め clause (via に)","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"time marker of 時","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"蓙","lemma":"蓙","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 丸め","gloss":"straw mat"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"object marker of 蓙","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"丸め","lemma":"丸める","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause (simile with よう) on たたい","gloss":"roll up"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"particle","role":"connects 丸め to the 叩く clause","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"畳","lemma":"畳","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 叩く","gloss":"tatami floor"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"object marker of 畳","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"叩く","lemma":"叩く","morphology":"verb","role":"predicate of the ように simile clause, modifies たたい","gloss":"beat"},{"surface":"よう","lemma":"よう","morphology":"noun","role":"simile marker (のように), modifies たたい","gloss":"the way"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"adverbializer forming ように","gloss":"(adverbial)"},{"surface":"そこ","lemma":"そこ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies 近辺","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ら","lemma":"ら","morphology":"suffix","role":"vague-plural suffix, compound with 近辺","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"近辺","lemma":"近辺","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of たたい","gloss":"vicinity"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"object marker of 近辺","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"無暗","lemma":"無暗","morphology":"adjectival noun (na-adjective)","role":"predicate with に (無暗に), modifies たたい","gloss":"wildly"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"adverbializer forming 無暗に","gloss":"(adverbial)"},{"surface":"たたい","lemma":"たたく","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"whacked"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"past tense auxiliary of たたい","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":70,"label":"","id":"ch04-p4-s17","source":"バッタが驚ろいた上に、枕の勢で飛び上がるものだから、おれの肩だの、頭だの鼻の先だのへくっ付いたり、ぶつかったりする。","translation":"The grasshoppers, startled and then sent flying by the force of the pillow, kept landing on my shoulders, my head, the tip of my nose, and bumping into me.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p4-s17.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"バッタ","lemma":"バッタ","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 驚ろい","gloss":"grasshoppers"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking バッタ","gloss":"(subject marker)"},{"surface":"驚ろい","lemma":"驚く","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying もの","gloss":"were startled","note":"驚ろい is the old okurigana spelling of 驚い (lemma 驚く)."},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 驚ろい","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"上","lemma":"上","morphology":"noun","role":"introduces the clause of 驚ろい","gloss":"on top of"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase 上","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"枕","lemma":"枕","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 勢","gloss":"pillow"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 枕","gloss":"(possessive)"},{"surface":"勢","lemma":"勢い","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies もの","gloss":"force"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 勢","gloss":"(by means of)"},{"surface":"飛び","lemma":"飛ぶ","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying もの","gloss":"flew"},{"surface":"上がる","lemma":"上がる","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying もの","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"もの","lemma":"もの","morphology":"noun","role":"adverbial clause on くっ付い","gloss":"(the reason)"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to もの","gloss":"(is)"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of もの","gloss":"because","note":"ものだから together means 'given that / because'."},{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"俺","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies 肩","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"(possessive)"},{"surface":"肩","lemma":"肩","morphology":"noun","role":"adverbial clause on くっ付い","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 肩","gloss":"(listing)","note":"だの is an enumerative particle, 'such as ... and ...', split across だ+の."},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 肩","gloss":"(listing)"},{"surface":"頭","lemma":"頭","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 先","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 頭","gloss":"(listing)"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 頭","gloss":"(listing)"},{"surface":"鼻","lemma":"鼻","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 先","gloss":"nose"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 鼻","gloss":"(possessive)"},{"surface":"先","lemma":"先","morphology":"noun","role":"adverbial clause on くっ付い","gloss":"tip"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 先","gloss":"(listing)"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 先","gloss":"(listing)"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 先","gloss":"(onto)"},{"surface":"くっ付い","lemma":"くっ付く","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on する","gloss":"landed"},{"surface":"たり","lemma":"たり","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of くっ付い","gloss":"(and ... etc.)"},{"surface":"ぶつかっ","lemma":"ぶつかる","morphology":"verb","role":"coordinate clause with くっ付い","gloss":"bumped"},{"surface":"たり","lemma":"たり","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking ぶつかっ","gloss":"(and ... etc.)"},{"surface":"する","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"(kept doing)"}]},{"number":71,"label":"","id":"ch04-p4-s18","source":"顔へ付いた奴は枕で叩く訳に行かないから、手で攫んで、一生懸命に擲きつける。","translation":"The ones that landed on my face I couldn't very well swat with the pillow, so I grabbed them with my hands and flung them down with all my might.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p4-s18.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"顔","lemma":"顔","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 付い","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 顔","gloss":"(onto)"},{"surface":"付い","lemma":"付く","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 奴","gloss":"landed"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 付い","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"奴","lemma":"奴","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 行か","gloss":"the ones"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 奴","gloss":"(topic marker)"},{"surface":"枕","lemma":"枕","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 叩く","gloss":"pillow"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 枕","gloss":"(with)"},{"surface":"叩く","lemma":"叩く","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 訳","gloss":"swat"},{"surface":"訳","lemma":"訳","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 行か","gloss":"(way)","note":"〜訳に行かない is the idiom '(I) can't very well ...'."},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 訳","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"行か","lemma":"行く","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 攫ん","gloss":"afford to"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 行か","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 行か","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"手","lemma":"手","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 攫ん","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 手","gloss":"(with)"},{"surface":"攫ん","lemma":"掴む","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 擲き","gloss":"grabbed","note":"攫む is an older spelling of 掴む 'to grab'."},{"surface":"で","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"auxiliary of 攫ん","gloss":"(and)"},{"surface":"一生","lemma":"一生","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 懸命","gloss":"(intensifier)"},{"surface":"懸命","lemma":"懸命","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on 擲き","gloss":"with all my might"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 懸命","gloss":"(adverbial marker)"},{"surface":"擲き","lemma":"擲く","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"flung"},{"surface":"つける","lemma":"つける","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 擲き","gloss":"down"}]},{"number":72,"label":"","id":"ch04-p4-s19","source":"忌々しい事に、いくら力を出しても、ぶつかる先が蚊帳だから、ふわりと動くだけで少しも手答がない。","translation":"Infuriating thing was, no matter how much force I put into it, whatever I hit was the mosquito net, so it just gave a soft sway and I felt no satisfaction at all.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p4-s19.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"忌々しい","lemma":"忌々しい","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 事","gloss":"infuriating"},{"surface":"事","lemma":"事","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 蚊帳","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 事","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"いくら","lemma":"いくら","morphology":"adverb","role":"oblique complement of 出し","gloss":"however much"},{"surface":"力","lemma":"力","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 出し","gloss":"force"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 力","gloss":"(object marker)"},{"surface":"出し","lemma":"出す","morphology":"verb","role":"compound with 事","gloss":"put in"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 出し","gloss":"(and)"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 出し","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ぶつかる","lemma":"ぶつかる","morphology":"verb","role":"compound with 先","gloss":"hit"},{"surface":"先","lemma":"先","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 蚊帳","gloss":"target"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 先","gloss":"(subject marker)"},{"surface":"蚊帳","lemma":"蚊帳","morphology":"noun","role":"adverbial clause on ない","gloss":"mosquito net"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 蚊帳","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 蚊帳","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ふわり","lemma":"ふわり","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 動く","gloss":"softly"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking ふわり","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"動く","lemma":"動く","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on ない","gloss":"sway"},{"surface":"だけ","lemma":"だけ","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 動く","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 動く","gloss":"(and)"},{"surface":"少し","lemma":"少し","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ない","gloss":"a little"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 少し","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"手","lemma":"手","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 答","gloss":"hand","note":"手答 (=手応え) 'response, sense of resistance', split across 手+答."},{"surface":"答","lemma":"答","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of ない","gloss":"response"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 答","gloss":"(subject marker)"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"adjective","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"there was none"}]},{"number":73,"label":"","id":"ch04-p4-s20","source":"バッタは擲きつけられたまま蚊帳へつらまっている。","translation":"The grasshoppers, flung as they were, just clung there on the mosquito net.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p4-s20.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"バッタ","lemma":"バッタ","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of つら","gloss":"grasshoppers"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking バッタ","gloss":"(topic marker)"},{"surface":"擲き","lemma":"擲く","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying まま","gloss":"flung"},{"surface":"つけ","lemma":"つける","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying まま","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"られ","lemma":"られる","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of つけ","gloss":"(passive)"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of つけ","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"まま","lemma":"まま","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of つら","gloss":"as they were"},{"surface":"蚊帳","lemma":"蚊帳","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of つら","gloss":"mosquito net"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 蚊帳","gloss":"(onto)"},{"surface":"つら","lemma":"つかまる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"cling","note":"つらまる is a colloquial variant of つかまる 'to cling/hold on'."},{"surface":"まっ","lemma":"つかまる","morphology":"verb","role":"auxiliary of つら","gloss":"(cling, cont.)"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of つら","gloss":"(and)"},{"surface":"いる","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"is (-ing)"}]},{"number":74,"label":"","id":"ch04-p4-s21","source":"死にもどうもしない。","translation":"They didn't so much as die.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p4-s21.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"死","lemma":"死ぬ","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of し","gloss":"die"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 死","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 死","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"どう","lemma":"どう","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies し","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking どう","gloss":"(emphasis)"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of し","gloss":"not"}]},{"number":75,"label":"","id":"ch04-p4-s22","source":"ようやくの事に三十分ばかりでバッタは退治た。","translation":"It took a good half hour, but at last I finished the grasshoppers off.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p4-s22.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ようやく","lemma":"ようやく","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 事","gloss":"finally"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking ようやく","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"事","lemma":"事","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 退治","gloss":"(matter)"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 事","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"三十","lemma":"三十","morphology":"numeral","role":"compound with 分","gloss":"thirty"},{"surface":"分","lemma":"分","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 退治","gloss":"minutes"},{"surface":"ばかり","lemma":"ばかり","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 分","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 分","gloss":"(in)"},{"surface":"バッタ","lemma":"バッタ","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 退治","gloss":"the grasshoppers"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking バッタ","gloss":"(topic marker)"},{"surface":"退治","lemma":"退治","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"finished off"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 退治","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":76,"label":"","id":"ch04-p4-s23","source":"箒を持って来てバッタの死骸を掃き出した。","translation":"I fetched a broom and swept out their corpses.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p4-s23.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"箒","lemma":"箒","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 持っ","gloss":"broom"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 箒","gloss":"(object marker)"},{"surface":"持っ","lemma":"持つ","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 来","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 持っ","gloss":"(and)"},{"surface":"来","lemma":"来る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 掃き","gloss":"came","note":"持って来る 'bring/fetch'."},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 来","gloss":"(and)"},{"surface":"バッタ","lemma":"バッタ","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 死骸","gloss":"grasshoppers'"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking バッタ","gloss":"(possessive)"},{"surface":"死骸","lemma":"死骸","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 掃き","gloss":"corpses"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 死骸","gloss":"(object marker)"},{"surface":"掃き","lemma":"掃く","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"swept"},{"surface":"出し","lemma":"出す","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 掃き","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 出し","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":77,"label":"","id":"ch04-p4-s24","source":"小使が来て何ですかと云うから、何ですかもあるもんか、バッタを床の中に飼っとく奴がどこの国にある。","translation":"The janitor came and said, \"What is it?\" so I said, \"What is it, my foot — what country lets grasshoppers get kept in a man's bedding?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p4-s24.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"どこの国にある","title":"«どこの国にある» — rhetorical 'what country...'","body":"Literally 'in what country does this exist', a stock rhetorical idiom for 'that's unheard of' — Botchan's outrage at the janitor for letting grasshoppers into his bedding."}],"words":[{"surface":"小使","lemma":"小使","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 来","gloss":"the janitor"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 小使","gloss":"(subject marker)"},{"surface":"来","lemma":"来る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 云う","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 来","gloss":"(and)"},{"surface":"何","lemma":"何","morphology":"pronoun","role":"clausal complement of 云う","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"です","lemma":"です","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 何","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 何","gloss":"(question marker)"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 何","gloss":"(quote marker)"},{"surface":"云う","lemma":"言う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on ある","gloss":"said","note":"云う is the older kanji for 言う 'to say'."},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 云う","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"何","lemma":"何","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies もん","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"です","lemma":"です","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 何","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 何","gloss":"(question marker)"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 何","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ある","lemma":"ある","morphology":"verb","role":"compound with 何","gloss":"there is","note":"何ですかもあるもんか is idiomatic: 'what is it, my foot! / as if there is such a thing'."},{"surface":"もん","lemma":"もの","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of ある","gloss":"such a thing"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking もん","gloss":"(rhetorical: as if!)"},{"surface":"バッタ","lemma":"バッタ","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 飼っ","gloss":"grasshoppers"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking バッタ","gloss":"(object marker)"},{"surface":"床","lemma":"床","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 中","gloss":"bedding"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 床","gloss":"(possessive)"},{"surface":"中","lemma":"中","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 飼っ","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 中","gloss":"(in)"},{"surface":"飼っ","lemma":"飼う","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 奴","gloss":"keeps"},{"surface":"とく","lemma":"とく","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 飼っ","gloss":"(keeps on)"},{"surface":"奴","lemma":"奴","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of ある","gloss":"the one who"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 奴","gloss":"(subject marker)"},{"surface":"どこ","lemma":"どこ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies 国","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking どこ","gloss":"(possessive)"},{"surface":"国","lemma":"国","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of ある","gloss":"country"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 国","gloss":"(in)"},{"surface":"ある","lemma":"ある","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"exists"}]},{"number":78,"label":"","id":"ch04-p4-s25","source":"間抜め。","translation":"Blockhead!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p4-s25.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"間","lemma":"間抜け","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 抜","gloss":"blockhead","note":"間抜け 'fool, blockhead' is split across the tokens 間+抜; め is an insulting suffix, as in 馬鹿め 'you fool'."},{"surface":"抜","lemma":"抜ける","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"(blockhead)"},{"surface":"め","lemma":"め","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 抜","gloss":"you (insult)"}]},{"number":79,"label":"","id":"ch04-p4-s26","source":"と叱ったら、私は存じませんと弁解をした。","translation":"When I scolded him like that, he made excuses, saying, \"I have no idea.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p4-s26.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"叱ったら","title":"«〜たら» after a quote — 'when I said/did X'","body":"«〜たら» here works less as a hypothetical 'if' and more as a simple sequential 'when' — 'when I scolded him, he said...' — common in fast-moving spoken narration."}],"words":[{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"(quote marker)"},{"surface":"叱っ","lemma":"叱る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 存じ","gloss":"scolded"},{"surface":"たら","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 叱っ","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"私","lemma":"私","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of 存じ","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 私","gloss":"(topic marker)"},{"surface":"存じ","lemma":"存ずる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on し","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"ませ","lemma":"ます","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 存じ","gloss":"(polite)"},{"surface":"ん","lemma":"ぬ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 存じ","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 存じ","gloss":"(quote marker)"},{"surface":"弁解","lemma":"弁解","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of し","gloss":"excuse"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 弁解","gloss":"(object marker)"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of し","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":80,"label":"","id":"ch04-p4-s27","source":"存じませんで済むかと箒を椽側へ抛り出したら、小使は恐る恐る箒を担いで帰って行った。","translation":"\"'No idea' won't cut it,\" I said, and flung the broom out onto the veranda, whereupon the janitor gingerly picked it up on his shoulder and went off.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p4-s27.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"存じ","lemma":"存ずる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 済む","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"ませ","lemma":"ます","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 存じ","gloss":"(polite)"},{"surface":"ん","lemma":"ぬ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 存じ","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 存じ","gloss":"(with)"},{"surface":"済む","lemma":"済む","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 行っ","gloss":"suffice","note":"存じませんで済むか = 'will \"I don't know\" suffice?' i.e. 'won't cut it'."},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 済む","gloss":"(question: as if!)"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 済む","gloss":"(quote marker)"},{"surface":"箒","lemma":"箒","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 出し","gloss":"broom"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 箒","gloss":"(object marker)"},{"surface":"椽","lemma":"縁側","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 側","gloss":"veranda","note":"椽側 is an older kanji spelling of 縁側 'veranda'."},{"surface":"側","lemma":"縁側","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 出し","gloss":"(veranda)"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 側","gloss":"(onto)"},{"surface":"抛り","lemma":"放る","morphology":"verb","role":"modifies 出し","gloss":"flung","note":"抛る is an older kanji for 放る 'to throw/fling'."},{"surface":"出し","lemma":"出す","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 行っ","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"たら","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 出し","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"小使","lemma":"小使","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 行っ","gloss":"the janitor"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 小使","gloss":"(topic marker)"},{"surface":"恐る恐る","lemma":"恐る恐る","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 行っ","gloss":"gingerly"},{"surface":"箒","lemma":"箒","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 担い","gloss":"broom"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 箒","gloss":"(object marker)"},{"surface":"担い","lemma":"担ぐ","morphology":"verb","role":"oblique complement of 帰っ","gloss":"shouldered"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 担い","gloss":"(and)"},{"surface":"帰っ","lemma":"帰る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 行っ","gloss":"went home"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 帰っ","gloss":"(and)"},{"surface":"行っ","lemma":"行く","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 行っ","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":81,"label":"5","id":"ch04-p5-s1","source":"おれは早速寄宿生を三人ばかり総代に呼び出した。","translation":"I lost no time in summoning three of the boarding students as representatives.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p5-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"俺","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of 呼び","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"(topic marker)"},{"surface":"早速","lemma":"早速","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 呼び","gloss":"immediately"},{"surface":"寄宿","lemma":"寄宿","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 生","gloss":"boarding"},{"surface":"生","lemma":"生","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 呼び","gloss":"students"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 生","gloss":"(object marker)"},{"surface":"三","lemma":"三","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies 人","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"人","lemma":"人","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 呼び","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"ばかり","lemma":"ばかり","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 人","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"総代","lemma":"総代","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 呼び","gloss":"representatives"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 総代","gloss":"(as)"},{"surface":"呼び","lemma":"呼ぶ","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"出し","lemma":"出す","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 呼び","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 出し","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":82,"label":"","id":"ch04-p5-s2","source":"すると六人出て来た。","translation":"Six of them turned up instead.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p5-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"する","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"forms すると (\"then\") with と","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"forms すると with する","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"六","lemma":"六","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies 人","gloss":"six"},{"surface":"人","lemma":"人","morphology":"noun","role":"counter with 六, subject of 出","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"出","lemma":"出る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came out"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"links 出 to 来","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"来","lemma":"来る","morphology":"verb","role":"completes 出て来た (\"came\")","gloss":"(direction)"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"past tense of 出て来","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":83,"label":"","id":"ch04-p5-s3","source":"六人だろうが十人だろうが構うものか。","translation":"Six or ten, what did it matter to me.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p5-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"六","lemma":"六","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies 人","gloss":"six"},{"surface":"人","lemma":"人","morphology":"noun","role":"forms 六人, concessive clause parallel with 十人だろうが","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"だろう","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"concessive auxiliary on 六人","gloss":"be it"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"concessive particle after だろう","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"十人","lemma":"十人","morphology":"noun","role":"forms 十人だろうが, concessive clause parallel with 六人だろうが","gloss":"ten people"},{"surface":"だろう","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"concessive auxiliary on 十人","gloss":"be it"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"concessive particle after だろう","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"構う","lemma":"構う","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying もの, rhetorical question","gloss":"matter"},{"surface":"もの","lemma":"もの","morphology":"noun","role":"nominalizer in rhetorical ものか","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"rhetorical-negation particle after もの","gloss":"as if","note":"構うものか is a fixed rhetorical pattern: \"as if it would matter\" (i.e. it doesn't)."}]},{"number":84,"label":"","id":"ch04-p5-s4","source":"寝巻のまま腕まくりをして談判を始めた。","translation":"Still in my nightclothes, I rolled up my sleeves and opened negotiations.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p5-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"寝巻","lemma":"寝巻","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies まま","gloss":"nightclothes"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 寝巻","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"まま","lemma":"まま","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of し","gloss":"as is"},{"surface":"腕まくり","lemma":"腕まくり","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of し","gloss":"sleeve-rolling"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 腕まくり","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 始め","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of し","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"談判","lemma":"談判","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 始め","gloss":"negotiations"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 談判","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"始め","lemma":"始める","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 始め","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":85,"label":"6","id":"ch04-p6-s1","source":"「なんでバッタなんか、おれの床の中へ入れた」","translation":"\"Why did you put grasshoppers in my bed?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p6-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"なん","lemma":"なん","morphology":"pronoun","role":"forms なんで (\"why\") with で","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"forms なんで with なん","gloss":"(reason)"},{"surface":"バッタ","lemma":"バッタ","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 入れ (with なんか)","gloss":"grasshopper"},{"surface":"なんか","lemma":"なんか","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking バッタ","gloss":"or something"},{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies 床","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"床","lemma":"床","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 中","gloss":"bed"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 床","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"中","lemma":"中","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 入れ","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 中","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"入れ","lemma":"入れる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"put"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 入れ","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":86,"label":"7","id":"ch04-p7-s1","source":"「バッタた何ぞな」と真先の一人がいった。","translation":"\"A grasshopper, what's that, nah,\" said the one standing in front.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p7-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"何ぞな","title":"«何ぞな» なんぞな — Iyo (Shikoku) dialect ending","body":"«〜ぞな» is a sentence-final flavor particle of the local Iyo dialect (Botchan is set in Matsuyama), softer and more sing-song than standard Tokyo speech — one of many local turns of phrase that infuriate the transplanted narrator."}],"words":[{"surface":"バッタ","lemma":"バッタ","morphology":"noun","role":"topic of the quoted question","gloss":"grasshopper"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"て","morphology":"particle","role":"dialectal quotative particle after バッタ (=って)","gloss":"you say","note":"Dialectal contraction of って after バッタ."},{"surface":"何","lemma":"何","morphology":"pronoun","role":"predicate of the quoted question","gloss":"what's that"},{"surface":"ぞ","lemma":"ぞ","morphology":"particle","role":"dialectal sentence-final particle on 何","gloss":"huh"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"な","morphology":"particle","role":"dialectal sentence-final tag","gloss":"nah"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking the quote","gloss":"(quote)"},{"surface":"真先","lemma":"真先","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 一人","gloss":"the front"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 真先","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"一人","lemma":"一人","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of いっ","gloss":"one person"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 一人","gloss":"(subject)"},{"surface":"いっ","lemma":"いう","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of いっ","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":87,"label":"","id":"ch04-p7-s2","source":"やに落ち付いていやがる。","translation":"Cool as you please, the impudent brute.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p7-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"や","lemma":"やに","morphology":"adverb","role":"forms やに (\"coolly\") with に","gloss":"coolly"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"やに","morphology":"particle","role":"forms やに with や","gloss":"(adverbializer)"},{"surface":"落ち","lemma":"落ちる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 付い","gloss":"calmed"},{"surface":"付い","lemma":"付く","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"settled"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 付い","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"い","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"auxiliary of 付い (progressive)","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"やがる","lemma":"やがる","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of contempt on 付い","gloss":"impudently","note":"やがる is a contempt/disdain auxiliary with no literal English equivalent."}]},{"number":88,"label":"","id":"ch04-p7-s3","source":"この学校じゃ校長ばかりじゃない、生徒まで曲りくねった言葉を使うんだろう。","translation":"Seems it's not just the principal at this school — even the students use this twisted way of talking.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p7-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"この","lemma":"この","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of 学校","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"学校","lemma":"学校","morphology":"noun","role":"topic of the sentence (with じゃ)","gloss":"school"},{"surface":"じゃ","lemma":"では","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 学校 (topic/locative)","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"校長","lemma":"校長","morphology":"noun","role":"subject, limited by ばかり","gloss":"the principal"},{"surface":"ばかり","lemma":"ばかり","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 校長","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"じゃ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 校長","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"negates じゃ","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"生徒","lemma":"生徒","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 使う (topic, with まで)","gloss":"students"},{"surface":"まで","lemma":"まで","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 生徒","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"曲り","lemma":"曲る","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 言葉","gloss":"twisted"},{"surface":"くねっ","lemma":"くねる","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 言葉","gloss":"winding"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of くねっ","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"言葉","lemma":"言葉","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 使う","gloss":"way of talking"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 言葉","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"使う","lemma":"使う","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"use"},{"surface":"ん","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"explanatory nominalizer on 使う","gloss":"(explanatory)"},{"surface":"だろう","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of ん","gloss":"probably"}]},{"number":89,"label":"8","id":"ch04-p8-s1","source":"「バッタを知らないのか、知らなけりゃ見せてやろう」と云ったが、生憎掃き出してしまって一匹も居ない。","translation":"\"You don't know what a grasshopper is? I'll show you, then,\" I said, but wouldn't you know it, I'd already swept them all out and there wasn't a single one left.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p8-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"バッタ","lemma":"バッタ","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 知ら","gloss":"a grasshopper"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking バッタ","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"知ら","lemma":"知る","morphology":"verb","role":"predicate, negated by ない","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 知ら","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"explanatory nominalizer on 知ら","gloss":"(explanatory)"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"question particle on の","gloss":"(question)"},{"surface":"知ら","lemma":"知る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 見せ","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"なけりゃ","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"conditional negative auxiliary of 知ら","gloss":"if not"},{"surface":"見せ","lemma":"見せる","morphology":"verb","role":"clausal complement of 云っ","gloss":"show"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 見せ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"やろう","lemma":"やる","morphology":"verb","role":"auxiliary of 見せ (volitional)","gloss":"I'll"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking the quote","gloss":"(quote)"},{"surface":"云っ","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 居","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 云っ","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 云っ","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"生憎","lemma":"生憎","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 掃き","gloss":"unfortunately"},{"surface":"掃き","lemma":"掃く","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 居","gloss":"swept"},{"surface":"出し","lemma":"出す","morphology":"verb","role":"completes 掃き出す (\"swept out\")","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 出し","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"しまっ","lemma":"しまう","morphology":"verb","role":"auxiliary of completion on 出し","gloss":"completely"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of しまっ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"一","lemma":"一","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies 匹","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"匹","lemma":"匹","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 居","gloss":"creature"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 匹 (with negation)","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"居","lemma":"居る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 居","gloss":"not"}]},{"number":90,"label":"","id":"ch04-p8-s2","source":"また小使を呼んで、「さっきのバッタを持ってこい」と云ったら、「もう掃溜へ棄ててしまいましたが、拾って参りましょうか」と聞いた。","translation":"So I called the janitor again and told him, \"Bring back the grasshoppers from before,\" and he asked, \"I've already thrown them onto the rubbish heap — shall I go pick some up?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p8-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"また","lemma":"また","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"小使","lemma":"小使","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 呼ん","gloss":"the janitor"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 小使","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"呼ん","lemma":"呼ぶ","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 持っ","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 呼ん","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"さっき","lemma":"さっき","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies バッタ","gloss":"earlier"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking さっき","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"バッタ","lemma":"バッタ","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 持っ","gloss":"grasshoppers"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking バッタ","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"持っ","lemma":"持つ","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on こい","gloss":"bring"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 持っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"こい","lemma":"くる","morphology":"verb","role":"clausal complement of 云っ","gloss":"(direction)"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking the quote","gloss":"(quote)"},{"surface":"云っ","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 棄て","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"たら","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"conditional auxiliary of 云っ","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"もう","lemma":"もう","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 棄て","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"掃溜","lemma":"掃溜","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 棄て","gloss":"rubbish heap"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 掃溜","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"棄て","lemma":"棄てる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 参り","gloss":"threw away"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 棄て","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"しまい","lemma":"しまう","morphology":"verb","role":"auxiliary of completion on 棄て","gloss":"completely"},{"surface":"まし","lemma":"ます","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 棄て","gloss":"(polite)"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 棄て","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 棄て","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"拾っ","lemma":"拾う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 参り","gloss":"pick up"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 拾っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"参り","lemma":"参る","morphology":"verb","role":"clausal complement of 聞い","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"ましょう","lemma":"ます","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"volitional auxiliary of 参り","gloss":"shall"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"question particle on 参り","gloss":"(question)"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking the quote","gloss":"(quote)"},{"surface":"聞い","lemma":"聞く","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 聞い","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":91,"label":"","id":"ch04-p8-s3","source":"「うんすぐ拾って来い」と云うと小使は急いで馳け出したが、やがて半紙の上へ十匹ばかり載せて来て「どうもお気の毒ですが、生憎夜でこれだけしか見当りません。あしたになりましたらもっと拾って参ります」と云う。","translation":"\"Yes, go get some right now,\" I said, and the janitor went dashing off, and soon came back with about ten of them laid out on a sheet of paper, saying, \"I'm sorry, but this is all I could find in the dark — I'll pick up more tomorrow.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p8-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"うん","lemma":"うん","morphology":"interjection","role":"stands as the quoted reply","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"すぐ","lemma":"すぐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 拾っ","gloss":"right now"},{"surface":"拾っ","lemma":"拾う","morphology":"verb","role":"clausal complement of 云う","gloss":"pick up"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 拾っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"来い","lemma":"くる","morphology":"verb","role":"completes 拾って来い (imperative)","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking the quote","gloss":"(quote)"},{"surface":"云う","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 出し","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 云う","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"小使","lemma":"小使","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 出し","gloss":"the janitor"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 小使","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"急い","lemma":"急ぐ","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 出し (manner)","gloss":"hurriedly"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 急い","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"馳","lemma":"駆ける","morphology":"verb","role":"verb stem of 駆け出す (\"dashed off\"), continues into け, 出し","gloss":"dashed","note":"馳け is a variant/old spelling of 駆け (kakeru, \"to run\"); this and the next token け form one verb stem."},{"surface":"け","lemma":"駆ける","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the 馳ける (駆ける) stem","gloss":"off"},{"surface":"出し","lemma":"出す","morphology":"verb","role":"completes 馳け出す (\"dashed off\")","gloss":"off"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 出し","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 出し","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"やがて","lemma":"やがて","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 載せ","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"半紙","lemma":"半紙","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 上","gloss":"paper"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 半紙","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"上","lemma":"上","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 載せ","gloss":"top"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 上","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"十","lemma":"十","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies 匹","gloss":"ten"},{"surface":"匹","lemma":"匹","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 載せ","gloss":"creatures"},{"surface":"ばかり","lemma":"ばかり","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 匹","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"載せ","lemma":"載せる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 来","gloss":"laid out"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 載せ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"来","lemma":"来る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 来","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"どう","lemma":"どう","morphology":"adverb","role":"forms どうも with も","gloss":"really"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"forms どうも with どう","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"お","lemma":"お","morphology":"prefix","role":"honorific prefix on 気の毒","gloss":"(polite)"},{"surface":"気の毒","lemma":"気の毒","morphology":"noun","role":"predicate of the quoted apology","gloss":"sorry"},{"surface":"です","lemma":"です","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 気の毒","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 気の毒","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"生憎","lemma":"生憎","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 夜","gloss":"unfortunately"},{"surface":"夜","lemma":"夜","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 見当り","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 夜 (causal)","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"これ","lemma":"これ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of 見当り","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"だけ","lemma":"だけ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking これ","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"しか","lemma":"しか","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking これ (with negation)","gloss":"nothing but"},{"surface":"見","lemma":"見当たる","morphology":"verb","role":"verb stem of 見当たる (\"be found\"), combines with 当り","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"当り","lemma":"見当たる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence (見当たる)","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"ませ","lemma":"ます","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 当り","gloss":"(polite)"},{"surface":"ん","lemma":"ぬ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 当り","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"あした","lemma":"あした","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of なり","gloss":"tomorrow"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking あした (result state with なる)","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"なり","lemma":"なる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 参り","gloss":"becomes"},{"surface":"まし","lemma":"ます","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of なり","gloss":"(polite)"},{"surface":"たら","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"conditional auxiliary of なり","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"もっと","lemma":"もっと","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 拾っ","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"拾っ","lemma":"拾う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 参り","gloss":"pick up"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 拾っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"参り","lemma":"参る","morphology":"verb","role":"clausal complement of 云う","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"ます","lemma":"ます","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 参り","gloss":"(polite)"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking the quote","gloss":"(quote)"},{"surface":"云う","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"says"}]},{"number":92,"label":"","id":"ch04-p8-s4","source":"小使まで馬鹿だ。","translation":"Even the janitor's a fool.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p8-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"小使","lemma":"小使","morphology":"noun","role":"topic/subject (with まで)","gloss":"the janitor"},{"surface":"まで","lemma":"まで","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 小使","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"馬鹿","lemma":"馬鹿","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"a fool"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 馬鹿","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":93,"label":"","id":"ch04-p8-s5","source":"おれはバッタの一つを生徒に見せて「バッタたこれだ、大きなずう体をして、バッタを知らないた、何の事だ」と云うと、一番左の方に居た顔の丸い奴が「そりゃ、イナゴぞな、もし」と生意気におれを遣り込めた。","translation":"I showed the boy one of the grasshoppers and said, \"Here's a grasshopper — big lump of a body like yours and you don't know what a grasshopper is, what's the meaning of that?\" and the round-faced one standing farthest to the left cheekily talked back at me, \"That there's a locust, that.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p8-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"イナゴ・バッタ","title":"«イナゴ» vs «バッタ» — locust vs. grasshopper","body":"«イナゴ» (rice-field locust) and «バッタ» (grasshopper) are related but distinct insects; the boy's insistence on the 'correct' local term, against Botchan's Tokyo usage, is itself part of the needling."}],"words":[{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 見せ","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"topic marker"},{"surface":"バッタ","lemma":"バッタ","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies つ","gloss":"grasshopper"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking バッタ","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"一","lemma":"一","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies つ","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"つ","lemma":"つ","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 見せ","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking つ","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"生徒","lemma":"生徒","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 見せ","gloss":"the boy"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 生徒","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"見せ","lemma":"見せる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 云う","gloss":"showed"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 見せ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"バッタ","lemma":"バッタ","morphology":"noun","role":"predicate of これ","gloss":"grasshopper"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of バッタ","gloss":"is","note":"Dialectal filler here doubling as an emphatic copula, common in the rural students' speech Botchan mocks."},{"surface":"これ","lemma":"これ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of だ","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to これ","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"大きな","lemma":"大きな","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies ずう","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"ずう","lemma":"図","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 体","gloss":"hulking","note":"ずう体 is colloquial 図体 (zutai), 'a big frame/build,' split awkwardly by the tagger."},{"surface":"体","lemma":"体","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of し","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 体","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 知ら","gloss":"having"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of し","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"バッタ","lemma":"バッタ","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 知ら","gloss":"a grasshopper"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking バッタ","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"知ら","lemma":"知る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 云う","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 知ら","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 知ら","gloss":"you know","note":"Dialectal filler adding rhetorical force, matching the same usage in ch04-p8-s5-w13."},{"surface":"何","lemma":"何","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies 事","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 何","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"事","lemma":"事","morphology":"noun","role":"adverbial clause on 云う","gloss":"matter"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 事","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 事","gloss":"quote marker"},{"surface":"云う","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 込め","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 云う","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"一番","lemma":"一番","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 左","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"左","lemma":"左","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 方","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 左","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"方","lemma":"方","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 居","gloss":"side"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 方","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"居","lemma":"居る","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 奴","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 居","gloss":"past tense marker"},{"surface":"顔","lemma":"顔","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 奴","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 顔","gloss":"subject marker"},{"surface":"丸い","lemma":"丸い","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 奴","gloss":"round"},{"surface":"奴","lemma":"奴","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 込め","gloss":"fellow"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 奴","gloss":"subject marker"},{"surface":"そりゃ","lemma":"それは","morphology":"pronoun","role":"topic of イナゴ","gloss":"that","note":"そりゃ contracts それは, 'as for that.'"},{"surface":"イナゴ","lemma":"イナゴ","morphology":"noun","role":"predicate linked to そりゃ","gloss":"locust"},{"surface":"ぞ","lemma":"ぞ","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of イナゴ","gloss":"assertive marker"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"な","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of イナゴ","gloss":"softening marker"},{"surface":"もし","lemma":"もし","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence-final particle marking イナゴ","gloss":"that","note":"ぞなもし is the iconic Iyo-Matsuyama dialect sentence ending used throughout the rural characters' speech in Botchan."},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"quote marker, introduces 込め","gloss":"quote marker"},{"surface":"生","lemma":"生意気","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 意気","gloss":"cheeky","note":"生意気 ('cheeky, impudent') is split across two tokens by the tagger."},{"surface":"意気","lemma":"意気","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 遣り","gloss":"attitude"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 意気","gloss":"adverb marker"},{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 遣り","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"遣り","lemma":"遣る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 込め","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"込め","lemma":"込める","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"talked back"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 込め","gloss":"past tense marker"}]},{"number":94,"label":"","id":"ch04-p8-s6","source":"「篦棒め、イナゴもバッタも同じもんだ。第一先生を捕まえてなもした何だ。菜飯は田楽の時より外に食うもんじゃない」とあべこべに遣り込めてやったら「なもしと菜飯とは違うぞな、もし」と云った。","translation":"\"The devil it is — a locust and a grasshopper are the same thing. And what's the idea of a student using 'namoshi' on his teacher, of all things? You don't eat nameshi except alongside dengaku, anyhow,\" I turned it back on him and put him in his place, and he said, \"'Namoshi' and 'nameshi' aren't the same thing, I tell you.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p8-s6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"なもし","title":"«なもし» — Iyo dialect sentence-tag","body":"A distinctive Matsuyama-area tag word (roughly 'you know', 'I tell you'), used constantly by the local students; Botchan finds it as grating as their insistence on 'イナゴ' over 'バッタ'."}],"words":[{"surface":"篦棒","lemma":"篦棒","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamatory interjection","gloss":"the devil","note":"べらぼうめ is an insult, roughly 'you fool/damn it,' addressed rhetorically rather than grammatically modifying another word."},{"surface":"め","lemma":"め","morphology":"particle","role":"derogatory suffix on 篦棒","gloss":"contempt marker"},{"surface":"イナゴ","lemma":"イナゴ","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 同じ","gloss":"locust"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking イナゴ","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"バッタ","lemma":"バッタ","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 同じ","gloss":"grasshopper"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking バッタ","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"同じ","lemma":"同じ","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies もん","gloss":"same"},{"surface":"もん","lemma":"もん","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to もん","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"第","lemma":"第一","morphology":"noun","role":"adverbial (first of all)","gloss":"first","note":"第一, 'first of all,' is split into two tokens by the tagger."},{"surface":"一","lemma":"第一","morphology":"numeral","role":"completes 第一 (first of all)","gloss":"of all"},{"surface":"先生","lemma":"先生","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 捕まえ","gloss":"teacher"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 先生","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"捕まえ","lemma":"捕まえる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on し","gloss":"caught"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 捕まえ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"なもし","morphology":"interjection","role":"part of the quoted なもし expression","gloss":"'namoshi'","note":"なもし is the polite Matsuyama-dialect tag Botchan mocks the student for using on a teacher; split across tokens by the tagger."},{"surface":"も","lemma":"なもし","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the quoted なもし expression","gloss":"(term)"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 何","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of し","gloss":"past tense marker"},{"surface":"何","lemma":"何","morphology":"pronoun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 何","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"菜飯","lemma":"菜飯","morphology":"noun","role":"subject/topic of the clause (もんじゃない)","gloss":"nameshi"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 菜飯","gloss":"topic marker"},{"surface":"田楽","lemma":"田楽","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 時","gloss":"dengaku"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 田楽","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"時","lemma":"時","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 食う","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"より","lemma":"より","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 時","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"外","lemma":"外","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 食う","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 外","gloss":"adverb marker"},{"surface":"食う","lemma":"食う","morphology":"verb","role":"compound with もん","gloss":"eat"},{"surface":"もん","lemma":"もん","morphology":"noun","role":"head noun (thing you eat), predicate is じゃ...ない","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"じゃ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to もん","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase じゃ","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"quote marker, introduces 遣り込め","gloss":"quote marker"},{"surface":"あべこべ","lemma":"あべこべ","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies 遣り込め","gloss":"contrarily"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbializer on あべこべ","gloss":"adverb marker"},{"surface":"遣り","lemma":"遣る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on やっ","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"込め","lemma":"込める","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on やっ","gloss":"talked back"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 込め","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"やっ","lemma":"やる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 云っ","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"たら","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of やっ","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"なもし","morphology":"noun","role":"part of quoted term なもし","gloss":"'namoshi'"},{"surface":"もし","lemma":"なもし","morphology":"particle","role":"completes quoted term なもし","gloss":"term marker"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking なもし","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"菜飯","lemma":"菜飯","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 違う","gloss":"nameshi"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"part of とは (topic) marking 菜飯","gloss":"topic marker"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"part of とは (topic) marking 菜飯","gloss":"topic marker"},{"surface":"違う","lemma":"違う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 云っ","gloss":"differ"},{"surface":"ぞ","lemma":"ぞ","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 違う","gloss":"assertive marker"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"な","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 違う","gloss":"softening marker"},{"surface":"もし","lemma":"もし","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence-final particle marking 違う","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"quote marker, introduces 云っ","gloss":"quote marker"},{"surface":"云っ","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 云っ","gloss":"past tense marker"}]},{"number":95,"label":"","id":"ch04-p8-s7","source":"いつまで行ってもなもしを使う奴だ。","translation":"No matter what, this fellow can't stop tacking that \"that\" onto everything.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p8-s7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"いつ","lemma":"いつ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of 行っ","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"まで","lemma":"まで","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking いつ","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"行っ","lemma":"行く","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 使う","gloss":"goes"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 行っ","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 行っ","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"なもし","morphology":"noun","role":"part of なもし (quoted term), direct object of 使う","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"もし","lemma":"なもし","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 使う","gloss":"'that'","note":"なもし is the dialect tag word, rendered 'that' in the translation."},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking もし","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"使う","lemma":"使う","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 奴","gloss":"uses"},{"surface":"奴","lemma":"奴","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"fellow"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 奴","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":96,"label":"9","id":"ch04-p9-s1","source":"「イナゴでもバッタでも、何でおれの床の中へ入れたんだ。おれがいつ、バッタを入れてくれと頼んだ」","translation":"\"Locust or grasshopper, whichever it is, why'd you put it in my bed? When did I ever ask anyone to put a grasshopper in for me?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p9-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"イナゴ","lemma":"イナゴ","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 入れ","gloss":"locust"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking イナゴ","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking イナゴ","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"バッタ","lemma":"バッタ","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 入れ","gloss":"grasshopper"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking バッタ","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking バッタ","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"何","lemma":"何","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies 入れ (forms 何で 'why')","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 何","gloss":"reason marker"},{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies 床","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"床","lemma":"床","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 中","gloss":"bed"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 床","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"中","lemma":"中","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 入れ","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 中","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"入れ","lemma":"入れる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"put"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 入れ","gloss":"past tense marker"},{"surface":"ん","lemma":"ん","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 入れ","gloss":"explanation marker"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase ん","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of 頼ん","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"subject marker"},{"surface":"いつ","lemma":"いつ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies 頼ん","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"バッタ","lemma":"バッタ","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 入れ","gloss":"a grasshopper"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking バッタ","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"入れ","lemma":"入れる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 頼ん","gloss":"put in"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 入れ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"くれ","lemma":"くれる","morphology":"verb","role":"auxiliary of 入れ (benefactive)","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"quote marker, introduces 頼ん","gloss":"quote marker"},{"surface":"頼ん","lemma":"頼む","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"ask"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 頼ん","gloss":"past tense marker"}]},{"number":97,"label":"10","id":"ch04-p10-s1","source":"「誰も入れやせんがな」","translation":"\"Nobody put none in, is what.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p10-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"入れやせんがな","title":"«〜やせん» — dialect contraction of «〜はしない»","body":"«入れやせん» contracts «入れはしない» ('[we] certainly didn't put it in'), with the local tag «〜がな» added — a rural, emphatic way of denying something that sounds evasive to Botchan's ear."}],"words":[{"surface":"誰","lemma":"誰","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of やせ","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 誰","gloss":"not even"},{"surface":"入れ","lemma":"入れる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on やせ","gloss":"put in"},{"surface":"やせ","lemma":"やす","morphology":"verb","role":"auxiliary of 入れ (dialect negative)","gloss":"doesn't","note":"やせん is Matsuyama-dialect negative, equivalent to standard しない/せぬ."},{"surface":"ん","lemma":"ぬ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of やせ","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of やせ","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"な","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of やせ","gloss":"you know"}]},{"number":98,"label":"11","id":"ch04-p11-s1","source":"「入れないものが、どうして床の中に居るんだ」","translation":"\"If nobody put any in, then how'd it get in my bed?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p11-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"入れ","lemma":"入れる","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying もの","gloss":"put in"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 入れ","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"もの","lemma":"もの","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 居る","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking もの","gloss":"subject marker"},{"surface":"どう","lemma":"どう","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 居る","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of どう","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of どう","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"床","lemma":"床","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 中","gloss":"bed"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 床","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"中","lemma":"中","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 居る","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 中","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"居る","lemma":"居る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ん","lemma":"ん","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 居る","gloss":"explanation marker"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase ん","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":99,"label":"12","id":"ch04-p12-s1","source":"「イナゴは温い所が好きじゃけれ、大方一人でおはいりたのじゃあろ」","translation":"\"Locusts like warm places, most like it crawled in on its own, is what.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p12-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"じゃけれ","title":"«じゃけれ» — dialect 'because'","body":"A regional equivalent of «だから» ('because, so'), marking the boy's excuse — that the locust just liked the warmth — as maddeningly reasonable-sounding nonsense."}],"words":[{"surface":"イナゴ","lemma":"イナゴ","morphology":"noun","role":"depends on 好き","gloss":"locusts"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking イナゴ","gloss":"topic marker"},{"surface":"温い","lemma":"温い","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 所","gloss":"warm"},{"surface":"所","lemma":"所","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 好き","gloss":"places"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 所","gloss":"subject marker"},{"surface":"好き","lemma":"好き","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on けれ","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"じゃ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 好き","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"けれ","lemma":"けれど","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"adverbial clause on はいり","gloss":"so","note":"じゃけれ is dialect for だから, 'because/so.'"},{"surface":"大方","lemma":"大方","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies はいり","gloss":"probably"},{"surface":"一人","lemma":"一人","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of はいり","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 一人","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"お","lemma":"お","morphology":"prefix","role":"compound with はいり","gloss":"polite prefix"},{"surface":"はいり","lemma":"はいる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"crawled in"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of はいり","gloss":"past tense marker"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of はいり","gloss":"explanation marker"},{"surface":"じゃ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase の","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"あろ","lemma":"ある","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase の","gloss":"probably"}]},{"number":100,"label":"13","id":"ch04-p13-s1","source":"「馬鹿あ云え。バッタが一人でおはいりになるなんて――バッタにおはいりになられてたまるもんか。――さあなぜこんないたずらをしたか、云え」","translation":"\"Don't talk rot. As if a grasshopper's going to crawl in all on its own — I won't stand for a grasshopper 'crawling in on its own.' — Now then, why'd you play this trick? Speak up.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p13-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"おはいりになる","title":"Sarcastic sonkeigo (honorific) for a grasshopper","body":"«お〜になる» is the standard respectful (尊敬語) construction, normally reserved for a social superior's actions. Applying it to a grasshopper 'deigning to enter' Botchan's bed is a deliberate, funny mismatch of register — honorific grammar aimed at an insect."}],"words":[{"surface":"馬鹿","lemma":"馬鹿","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 云え","gloss":"nonsense"},{"surface":"あ","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 馬鹿 (colloquial contraction of を)","gloss":"(object)","note":"colloquial contraction of the object particle を."},{"surface":"云え","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"say!"},{"surface":"バッタ","lemma":"バッタ","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of なる","gloss":"a grasshopper"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking バッタ","gloss":"(subject)"},{"surface":"一人","lemma":"一人","morphology":"noun","role":"adverbial phrase modifying なる","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 一人","gloss":"(adverbial)"},{"surface":"お","lemma":"お","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with はいり","gloss":"(honorific)"},{"surface":"はいり","lemma":"はいる","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of なる","gloss":"enters"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking はいり","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"なる","lemma":"なる","morphology":"verb","role":"predicate of the なんて clause","gloss":"becomes"},{"surface":"なんて","lemma":"なんて","morphology":"particle","role":"marks the preceding clause as scornful/hypothetical","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"バッタ","lemma":"バッタ","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of なら","gloss":"a grasshopper"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking バッタ","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"お","lemma":"お","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with はいり","gloss":"(honorific)"},{"surface":"はいり","lemma":"はいる","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of なら","gloss":"entering"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking はいり","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"なら","lemma":"なる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on たまる","gloss":"becomes"},{"surface":"れ","lemma":"れる","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of なら","gloss":"(passive)"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of なら","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"たまる","lemma":"たまる","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying もん","gloss":"stand for"},{"surface":"もん","lemma":"もん","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"(nominalizer)"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of もん","gloss":"(rhetorical)"},{"surface":"さあ","lemma":"さあ","morphology":"interjection","role":"sets off the following clause","gloss":"now then"},{"surface":"なぜ","lemma":"なぜ","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies し","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"こんな","lemma":"こんな","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies いたずら","gloss":"this kind of"},{"surface":"いたずら","lemma":"いたずら","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of し","gloss":"mischief"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking いたずら","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 云え","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of し","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of し","gloss":"(question)"},{"surface":"云え","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"speak up"}]},{"number":101,"label":"14","id":"ch04-p14-s1","source":"「云えてて、入れんものを説明しようがないがな」","translation":"\"Speak up, you say, but there's no explaining a thing we didn't do, is what.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p14-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"云え","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"quoted imperative","gloss":"speak up"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"って","morphology":"particle","role":"marks 云え as quoted speech","gloss":"(quote)"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"connects to 説明","gloss":"and yet"},{"surface":"入れん","lemma":"入れる","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying もの","gloss":"didn't insert","note":"入れる here refers literally to putting the grasshopper into the bed (the chapter's central prank), not a dialectal stand-in for する/しない; 'didn't do' and the Matsuyama-negative claim are unsupported by the token."},{"surface":"もの","lemma":"もの","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 説明","gloss":"a thing"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking もの","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"説明","lemma":"説明","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on ない","gloss":"explain"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 説明","gloss":"(do)"},{"surface":"よう","lemma":"よう","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 説明","gloss":"(way to)"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 説明","gloss":"(subject)"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"adjective","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"there isn't"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ない","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"な","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of ない","gloss":"(emphasis)"}]},{"number":102,"label":"15","id":"ch04-p15-s1","source":"けちな奴等だ。","translation":"Stingy little wretches.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p15-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"けち","lemma":"けち","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 等","gloss":"stingy"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of けち","gloss":"(attributive)"},{"surface":"奴","lemma":"奴","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 等","gloss":"wretch"},{"surface":"等","lemma":"等","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"(plural)"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 等","gloss":"are"}]},{"number":103,"label":"","id":"ch04-p15-s2","source":"自分で自分のした事が云えないくらいなら、てんでしないがいい。","translation":"If they can't even own up to what they've done themselves, they'd have been better off never doing it at all.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p15-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"自分","lemma":"自分","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 云え","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 自分","gloss":"(by)"},{"surface":"自分","lemma":"自分","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies し","gloss":"their own"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 自分","gloss":"(possessive)"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 事","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of し","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"事","lemma":"事","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 云え","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 事","gloss":"(subject)"},{"surface":"云え","lemma":"云える","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying くらい","gloss":"can own up to"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 云え","gloss":"(negative)"},{"surface":"くらい","lemma":"くらい","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 云え","gloss":"to the extent that"},{"surface":"なら","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of くらい","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"てんで","lemma":"てんで","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies し","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on いい","gloss":"doing"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of し","gloss":"(negative)"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking し as subject of いい","gloss":"(subject)"},{"surface":"いい","lemma":"いい","morphology":"adjective","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"better"}]},{"number":104,"label":"","id":"ch04-p15-s3","source":"証拠さえ挙がらなければ、しらを切るつもりで図太く構えていやがる。","translation":"So long as no proof turns up, they mean to brazen it out and play innocent.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p15-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"証拠","lemma":"証拠","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 挙がら","gloss":"evidence"},{"surface":"さえ","lemma":"さえ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 証拠","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"挙がら","lemma":"挙がる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 構え","gloss":"turns up"},{"surface":"なけれ","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 挙がら","gloss":"(negative)"},{"surface":"ば","lemma":"ば","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 挙がら","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"しら","lemma":"しら","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 切る","gloss":"ignorance"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking しら","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"切る","lemma":"切る","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying つもり","gloss":"feigns","note":"しらを切る is the idiom 'to play dumb / feign ignorance.'"},{"surface":"つもり","lemma":"つもり","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 構え","gloss":"intention"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking つもり","gloss":"(with)"},{"surface":"図太く","lemma":"図太い","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on 構え","gloss":"brazenly"},{"surface":"構え","lemma":"構える","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"postures"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 構え","gloss":"(and)"},{"surface":"い","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"(progressive)"},{"surface":"やがる","lemma":"やがる","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"contemptuous auxiliary on 構えて","gloss":"(contempt)"}]},{"number":105,"label":"","id":"ch04-p15-s4","source":"おれだって中学に居た時分は少しはいたずらもしたもんだ。","translation":"Even I got up to a little mischief back in middle school myself.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p15-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"adverbial clause on 居","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of おれ","gloss":"(emphasis)"},{"surface":"って","lemma":"って","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of おれ","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"中学","lemma":"中学","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 居","gloss":"middle school"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 中学","gloss":"(at)"},{"surface":"居","lemma":"居る","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 時分","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 居","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"時分","lemma":"時分","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of し","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 時分","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"少し","lemma":"少し","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies いたずら","gloss":"a little"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 少し","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"いたずら","lemma":"いたずら","morphology":"noun","role":"adverbial clause on し","gloss":"mischief"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking いたずら","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying もん","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of し","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"もん","lemma":"もん","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"(nominalizer)"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to もん","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":106,"label":"","id":"ch04-p15-s5","source":"しかしだれがしたと聞かれた時に、尻込みをするような卑怯な事はただの一度もなかった。","translation":"But when someone asked who'd done it, I never once shrank back like a coward.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p15-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"しかし","lemma":"しかし","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"だれ","lemma":"だれ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of し","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking だれ","gloss":"(subject)"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 聞か","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of し","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking し","gloss":"(quote)"},{"surface":"聞か","lemma":"聞く","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 時","gloss":"was asked"},{"surface":"れ","lemma":"れる","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 聞か","gloss":"(passive)"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 聞か","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"時","lemma":"時","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of なかっ","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 時","gloss":"(at)"},{"surface":"尻込み","lemma":"尻込み","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of する","gloss":"shrinking back"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 尻込み","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"する","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 事","gloss":"doing"},{"surface":"よう","lemma":"よう","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of する","gloss":"(-like)"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of する","gloss":"(attributive)"},{"surface":"卑怯","lemma":"卑怯","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 事","gloss":"cowardly"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 卑怯","gloss":"(attributive)"},{"surface":"事","lemma":"事","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of なかっ","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 事","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"ただ","lemma":"ただ","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 一度","gloss":"mere"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking ただ","gloss":"(of)"},{"surface":"一度","lemma":"一度","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies なかっ","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 一度","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"なかっ","lemma":"ない","morphology":"adjective","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"there wasn't"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of なかっ","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":107,"label":"","id":"ch04-p15-s6","source":"したものはしたので、しないものはしないに極ってる。","translation":"What I did, I did; what I didn't, I didn't — plain as that.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p15-s6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying もの","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of し","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"もの","lemma":"もの","morphology":"noun","role":"topic, subject of the second し","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking もの","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 極っ","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of し","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of し","gloss":"(explanatory)"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase の","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying もの","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of し","gloss":"(negative)"},{"surface":"もの","lemma":"もの","morphology":"noun","role":"topic, subject of the second し","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking もの","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 極っ","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of し","gloss":"(negative)"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking し","gloss":"(to)"},{"surface":"極っ","lemma":"極る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is settled"},{"surface":"てる","lemma":"てる","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 極っ","gloss":"(state)"}]},{"number":108,"label":"","id":"ch04-p15-s7","source":"おれなんぞは、いくら、いたずらをしたって潔白なものだ。","translation":"However much mischief I got up to, I did it with a clean conscience.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p15-s7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"compound with なんぞ","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"なんぞ","lemma":"なんぞ","morphology":"particle","role":"subject of もの","gloss":"the likes of"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking なんぞ","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"いくら","lemma":"いくら","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 潔白","gloss":"however much"},{"surface":"いたずら","lemma":"いたずら","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of し","gloss":"mischief"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking いたずら","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"predicate of the concessive clause with いくら","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"たって","lemma":"たって","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of し","gloss":"even if"},{"surface":"潔白","lemma":"潔白","morphology":"noun","role":"clause modifying もの","gloss":"innocent"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 潔白","gloss":"(attributive)"},{"surface":"もの","lemma":"もの","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to もの","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":109,"label":"","id":"ch04-p15-s8","source":"嘘を吐いて罰を逃げるくらいなら、始めからいたずらなんかやるものか。","translation":"If a fellow's going to lie his way out of punishment, he shouldn't be getting up to mischief in the first place.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p15-s8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"嘘","lemma":"嘘","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 吐い","gloss":"a lie"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 嘘","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"吐い","lemma":"吐く","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 逃げる","gloss":"tells"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 吐い","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"罰","lemma":"罰","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 逃げる","gloss":"punishment"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 罰","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"逃げる","lemma":"逃げる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on やる","gloss":"escapes"},{"surface":"くらい","lemma":"くらい","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 逃げる","gloss":"to the extent of"},{"surface":"なら","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 逃げる","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"始め","lemma":"始め","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of やる","gloss":"the start"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 始め","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"いたずら","lemma":"いたずら","morphology":"noun","role":"adverbial clause on やる","gloss":"mischief"},{"surface":"なんか","lemma":"なんか","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking いたずら","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"やる","lemma":"やる","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying もの","gloss":"does"},{"surface":"もの","lemma":"もの","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking もの","gloss":"(rhetorical negation)"}]},{"number":110,"label":"","id":"ch04-p15-s9","source":"いたずらと罰はつきもんだ。","translation":"Mischief and punishment go hand in hand.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p15-s9.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"つきもんだ","title":"«つきもの» — an inseparable companion","body":"«つきもの» names something that always comes bundled with something else; here, punishment is 'inseparable' from mischief — Botchan's blunt personal code of honor."}],"words":[{"surface":"いたずら","lemma":"いたずら","morphology":"noun","role":"clausal complement of つき","gloss":"mischief"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking いたずら","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"罰","lemma":"罰","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of つき","gloss":"punishment"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 罰","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"つき","lemma":"つく","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying もん","gloss":"go together"},{"surface":"もん","lemma":"もん","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"(nominalizer)"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to もん","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":111,"label":"","id":"ch04-p15-s10","source":"罰があるからいたずらも心持ちよく出来る。","translation":"It's precisely because there's punishment that mischief can be enjoyed with an easy heart.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p15-s10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"罰","lemma":"罰","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of ある","gloss":"punishment"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 罰","gloss":"(subject)"},{"surface":"ある","lemma":"ある","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 出来る","gloss":"exists"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ある","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"いたずら","lemma":"いたずら","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 出来る","gloss":"mischief"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking いたずら","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"心持ち","lemma":"心持ち","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies よく","gloss":"feeling"},{"surface":"よく","lemma":"よく","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 出来る","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"出来る","lemma":"出来る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"can be done"}]},{"number":112,"label":"","id":"ch04-p15-s11","source":"いたずらだけで罰はご免蒙るなんて下劣な根性がどこの国に流行ると思ってるんだ。","translation":"What kind of low, rotten spirit thinks he can get the mischief without the punishment — where in the world does that pass for normal?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p15-s11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"いたずら","lemma":"いたずら","morphology":"noun","role":"adverbial clause on 思っ","gloss":"mischief"},{"surface":"だけ","lemma":"だけ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking いたずら","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking いたずら","gloss":"(with)"},{"surface":"罰","lemma":"罰","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 思っ","gloss":"punishment"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 罰","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"ご免","lemma":"ご免","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 蒙る","gloss":"excused"},{"surface":"蒙る","lemma":"蒙る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 思っ","gloss":"receives"},{"surface":"なんて","lemma":"なんて","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 蒙る","gloss":"the idea that"},{"surface":"下劣","lemma":"下劣","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 根性","gloss":"vile"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 下劣","gloss":"(attributive)"},{"surface":"根性","lemma":"根性","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 思っ","gloss":"mentality"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 根性","gloss":"(subject)"},{"surface":"どこ","lemma":"どこ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies 国","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking どこ","gloss":"(of)"},{"surface":"国","lemma":"国","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 流行る","gloss":"country"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 国","gloss":"(in)"},{"surface":"流行る","lemma":"流行る","morphology":"verb","role":"clausal complement of 思っ","gloss":"is common"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 流行る","gloss":"(quote)"},{"surface":"思っ","lemma":"思う","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thinks"},{"surface":"てる","lemma":"てる","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 思っ","gloss":"(progressive)"},{"surface":"ん","lemma":"ん","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 思っ","gloss":"(explanatory)"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase ん","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":113,"label":"","id":"ch04-p15-s12","source":"金は借りるが、返す事はご免だと云う連中はみんな、こんな奴等が卒業してやる仕事に相違ない。","translation":"The sort who borrow money and mean never to pay it back are bound to be the very fellows these boys grow up into once they graduate.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p15-s12.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"金","lemma":"金","morphology":"noun","role":"object of 借りる (topicalized)","gloss":"money"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"topic marker on 金","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"借りる","lemma":"借りる","morphology":"verb","role":"predicate of first quoted clause, contrasted with 返す事はご免だ (via 云う)","gloss":"borrow"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"connects 借りる clause to 返す事はご免だ","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"返す","lemma":"返す","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 事","gloss":"repay"},{"surface":"事","lemma":"事","morphology":"noun","role":"topic/subject of ご免","gloss":"act"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"topic marker on 事","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"ご免","lemma":"ご免","morphology":"noun","role":"clausal complement of 云う","gloss":"out of the question"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to ご免","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"marks the quote, complement of 云う","gloss":"quote"},{"surface":"云う","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 連中","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"連中","lemma":"連中","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of ない","gloss":"the sort"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"topic marker on 連中","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"みんな","lemma":"みんな","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ない","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"こんな","lemma":"こんな","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies 奴等","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"奴","lemma":"奴","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 等","gloss":"fellow"},{"surface":"等","lemma":"等","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 卒業","gloss":"plural"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"subject marker on 等","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"卒業","lemma":"卒業","morphology":"noun","role":"clause modifying 仕事","gloss":"graduate"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"verbalizer on 卒業","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 卒業","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"やる","lemma":"やる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"take on"},{"surface":"仕事","lemma":"仕事","morphology":"noun","role":"complement of 相違ない","gloss":"job"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"marks 仕事 as complement of 相違ない","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"相違","lemma":"相違","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with ない","gloss":"doubt","note":"に相違ない is a set idiom, 'without doubt/must be,' matching the translation's 'bound to be.'"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"adjective","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"none"}]},{"number":114,"label":"","id":"ch04-p15-s13","source":"全体中学校へ何しにはいってるんだ。","translation":"What in blazes do they even come to middle school for?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p15-s13.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"全体","lemma":"全体","morphology":"adverb","role":"intensifies the question, modifies 何","gloss":"on earth"},{"surface":"中","lemma":"中","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 学校","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"学校","lemma":"学校","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of はいっ","gloss":"school"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 学校","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"何","lemma":"何","morphology":"pronoun","role":"object of し","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"verb with 何, forms purpose clause with に","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 何し (purpose)","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"はいっ","lemma":"はいる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"enter"},{"surface":"てる","lemma":"てる","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of はいっ","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ん","lemma":"ん","morphology":"particle","role":"nominalizes the clause","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase ん","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":115,"label":"","id":"ch04-p15-s14","source":"学校へはいって、嘘を吐いて、胡魔化して、陰でこせこせ生意気な悪いたずらをして、そうして大きな面で卒業すれば教育を受けたもんだと癇違いをしていやがる。","translation":"They enroll, tell lies, cheat their way through, sneak around doing petty, insolent, rotten little mischief behind everyone's back, and then, straight-faced, once they've graduated, go around fancying they've had an education.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p15-s14.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"学校","lemma":"学校","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of はいっ","gloss":"school"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 学校","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"はいっ","lemma":"はいる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 吐い","gloss":"enroll"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of はいっ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"嘘","lemma":"嘘","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 吐い","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 嘘","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"吐い","lemma":"吐く","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 胡魔化し","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 吐い","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"胡魔化し","lemma":"誤魔化す","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on し","gloss":"cheat","note":"胡魔化す is Sōseki's period kanji for modern 誤魔化す (ごまかす), 'to cheat/get away with.'"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 胡魔化し","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"陰","lemma":"陰","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of し","gloss":"shadow"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 陰","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"こせこせ","lemma":"こせこせ","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies いたずら","gloss":"pettily"},{"surface":"生","lemma":"生","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 意気","gloss":"cheeky"},{"surface":"意気","lemma":"意気","morphology":"noun","role":"clause modifying 悪","gloss":"attitude"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"attributive linker on 意気","gloss":"attributive"},{"surface":"悪","lemma":"悪","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with いたずら","gloss":"rotten"},{"surface":"いたずら","lemma":"いたずら","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of し","gloss":"mischief"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking いたずら","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on し (そうして)","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of し","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"そう","lemma":"そう","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies し","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"forms そうして with そう","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of し","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"大きな","lemma":"大きな","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies 面","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"面","lemma":"面","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 癇違い (manner)","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 面","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"卒業","lemma":"卒業","morphology":"noun","role":"conditional clause modifying 癇違い","gloss":"graduate"},{"surface":"すれ","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 卒業","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"ば","lemma":"ば","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 卒業","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"教育","lemma":"教育","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 受け","gloss":"education"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 教育","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"受け","lemma":"受ける","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying もん","gloss":"received"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 受け","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"もん","lemma":"もの","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the quoted clause (via と)","gloss":"fact","note":"もん is a colloquial contraction of もの; もんだ here expresses a claimed/assumed fact, matching 'fancying they've had an education.'"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to もん","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"marks the quote, complement of 癇違い","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"癇","lemma":"癇","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 違い","gloss":"mistaken","note":"癇違い is Sōseki's variant spelling of standard 勘違い (かんちがい, 'misunderstanding'), swapping in 癇 ('temper') for 勘 ('intuition')."},{"surface":"違い","lemma":"違い","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of し","gloss":"belief"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 違い","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of し","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"い","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"やがる","lemma":"やがる","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"contemptuous auxiliary of し","gloss":"have the gall"}]},{"number":116,"label":"","id":"ch04-p15-s15","source":"話せない雑兵だ。","translation":"Miserable little foot soldiers, not worth talking to.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p15-s15.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"話せ","lemma":"話せる","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 雑兵","gloss":"can talk"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 話せ","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"雑兵","lemma":"雑兵","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"foot soldiers"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 雑兵","gloss":"are"}]},{"number":117,"label":"16","id":"ch04-p16-s1","source":"おれはこんな腐った了見の奴等と談判するのは胸糞が悪るいから、「そんなに云われなきゃ、聞かなくっていい。中学校へはいって、上品も下品も区別が出来ないのは気の毒なものだ」と云って六人を逐っ放してやった。","translation":"Negotiating with such rotten-minded wretches turned my stomach, so I said, \"If you can't bring yourselves to say it, I won't ask any more. It's a sorry state of affairs when you can't tell decent from indecent even after coming to middle school,\" and I sent the six of them packing.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p16-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"云われなきゃ","title":"«〜なきゃ» — contraction of «〜なければ»","body":"Here «そんなに云われなきゃ» is «云われなければ», the potential: 'if you can't bring yourselves to say it'. Botchan gives up asking. Common in Botchan's brusque, unpolished speech."}],"words":[{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of やっ (main verb)","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"こんな","lemma":"こんな","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies 腐っ","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"腐っ","lemma":"腐る","morphology":"verb","role":"modifies 了見","gloss":"rotten"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 腐っ","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"了見","lemma":"了見","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 奴等","gloss":"mindset"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 了見","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"奴","lemma":"奴","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 等","gloss":"fellow"},{"surface":"等","lemma":"等","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 談判","gloss":"plural"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 等","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"談判","lemma":"談判","morphology":"noun","role":"verb of clause, topic of 悪るい (via の/は)","gloss":"negotiate"},{"surface":"する","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 談判","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"nominalizes 談判する","gloss":"the act"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 談判するの","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"胸糞","lemma":"胸糞","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 悪るい","gloss":"gut"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 胸糞","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"悪るい","lemma":"悪い","morphology":"adjective","role":"predicate of the reason clause (から)","gloss":"sickened"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces reason clause","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"そんな","lemma":"そんな","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies 云わ (via に)","gloss":"like that"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"forms adverb そんなに","gloss":"(manner)"},{"surface":"云わ","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 聞か","gloss":"told"},{"surface":"れ","lemma":"れる","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 云わ","gloss":"passive"},{"surface":"なきゃ","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 云わ","gloss":"unless"},{"surface":"聞か","lemma":"聞く","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"listen"},{"surface":"なくっ","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 聞か","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 聞か","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"いい","lemma":"いい","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"中","lemma":"中","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 学校","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"学校","lemma":"学校","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of はいっ","gloss":"school"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 学校","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"はいっ","lemma":"はいる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 出来","gloss":"enter"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of はいっ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"上品","lemma":"上品","morphology":"noun","role":"listed with 下品, object of 区別 (via も)","gloss":"decent"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 上品","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"下品","lemma":"下品","morphology":"noun","role":"listed with 上品, object of 区別 (via も)","gloss":"indecent"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 下品","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"区別","lemma":"区別","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 出来","gloss":"distinction"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 区別","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"出来","lemma":"出来る","morphology":"verb","role":"predicate of clause, topic of 気の毒 (via の/は)","gloss":"can do"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 出来","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"nominalizes 出来ない","gloss":"the fact"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 出来ないの","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"気の毒","lemma":"気の毒","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying もの","gloss":"pitiable"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 気の毒","gloss":"attributive"},{"surface":"もの","lemma":"もの","morphology":"noun","role":"head noun of quoted predicate","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to もの","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"marks the quoted clause, complement of 云っ","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"云っ","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on やっ","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 云っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"六","lemma":"六","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies 人","gloss":"six"},{"surface":"人","lemma":"人","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 逐っ","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 人","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"逐っ","lemma":"逐う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on やっ","gloss":"drove"},{"surface":"放し","lemma":"放す","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on やっ","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 放し","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"やっ","lemma":"やる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of やっ","gloss":"past"}]},{"number":118,"label":"","id":"ch04-p16-s2","source":"おれは言葉や様子こそあまり上品じゃないが、心はこいつらよりも遥かに上品なつもりだ。","translation":"My own words and manner may not be especially refined, but I flatter myself my heart is a good deal more refined than theirs.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p16-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of つもり","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"言葉","lemma":"言葉","morphology":"noun","role":"coordinated with 様子 (via や)","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"や","lemma":"や","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 言葉","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"様子","lemma":"様子","morphology":"noun","role":"coordinated with 言葉, subject of 上品 (via こそ)","gloss":"manner"},{"surface":"こそ","lemma":"こそ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 様子","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"あまり","lemma":"あまり","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 上品","gloss":"not very"},{"surface":"上品","lemma":"上品","morphology":"noun","role":"predicate of clause coordinated (via が) with 心は...つもりだ","gloss":"refined"},{"surface":"じゃ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 上品","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase じゃ","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 上品","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"心","lemma":"心","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of つもり","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 心","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"こいつ","lemma":"こいつ","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with ら","gloss":"this guy"},{"surface":"ら","lemma":"ら","morphology":"noun","role":"object of comparison (より), modifies 上品","gloss":"plural"},{"surface":"より","lemma":"より","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking ら","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking ら","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"遥か","lemma":"遥か","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on 上品","gloss":"far more"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbializes 遥か","gloss":"(adverbial)"},{"surface":"上品","lemma":"上品","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying つもり","gloss":"refined"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 上品","gloss":"attributive"},{"surface":"つもり","lemma":"つもり","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"conviction"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to つもり","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":119,"label":"","id":"ch04-p16-s3","source":"六人は悠々と引き揚げた。","translation":"The six of them withdrew at their leisure.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p16-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"六","lemma":"六","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies 人","gloss":"six"},{"surface":"人","lemma":"人","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 引き揚げ","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 人","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"悠々","lemma":"悠々","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 引き","gloss":"unhurriedly"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 悠々","gloss":"(manner)"},{"surface":"引き","lemma":"引く","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 揚げ","gloss":"pulled"},{"surface":"揚げ","lemma":"揚げる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 揚げ","gloss":"past"}]},{"number":120,"label":"","id":"ch04-p16-s4","source":"上部だけは教師のおれよりよっぽどえらく見える。","translation":"On the surface, at least, they look a good deal more composed than I do, teacher though I am.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p16-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"上部","lemma":"上部","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 見える","gloss":"surface"},{"surface":"だけ","lemma":"だけ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 上部","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 上部","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"教師","lemma":"教師","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies おれ","gloss":"teacher"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 教師","gloss":"who is"},{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 見える","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"より","lemma":"より","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"よっぽど","lemma":"よっぽど","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies えらく","gloss":"considerably"},{"surface":"えらく","lemma":"えらい","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on 見える","gloss":"composed"},{"surface":"見える","lemma":"見える","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"look"}]},{"number":121,"label":"","id":"ch04-p16-s5","source":"実は落ち付いているだけなお悪るい。","translation":"The truth is, being so composed only makes it worse.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p16-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"実","lemma":"実","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 悪るい","gloss":"truth is"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 実","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"落ち","lemma":"落ちる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 悪るい","gloss":"settle"},{"surface":"付い","lemma":"付く","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 悪るい","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 付い","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"いる","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"だけ","lemma":"だけ","morphology":"particle","role":"limits scope of 落ち着いている, modifies 悪るい","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"なお","lemma":"なお","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 悪るい","gloss":"even more"},{"surface":"悪るい","lemma":"悪い","morphology":"adjective","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"worse"}]},{"number":122,"label":"","id":"ch04-p16-s6","source":"おれには到底これほどの度胸はない。","translation":"I could never manage that kind of nerve myself.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p16-s6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"到底","lemma":"到底","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ない","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"これ","lemma":"これ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies 度胸","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ほど","lemma":"ほど","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking これ","gloss":"extent"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking これ","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"度胸","lemma":"度胸","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of ない","gloss":"nerve"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 度胸","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"adjective","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"none"}]},{"number":123,"label":"17","id":"ch04-p17-s1","source":"それからまた床へはいって横になったら、さっきの騒動で蚊帳の中はぶんぶん唸っている。","translation":"After that I got back into bed and lay down, but the mosquito net was still buzzing away from all the earlier commotion.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p17-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"蚊帳","title":"«蚊帳» かや (kaya) — mosquito net","body":"A net of fine cotton or hemp hung over the sleeping area, standard in pre-war Japanese homes; it becomes both the grasshoppers' hiding place and — struck loose in fury — the source of Botchan's bruised hand."}],"words":[{"surface":"それ","lemma":"それ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"head of the phrase それから","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase それ","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"また","lemma":"また","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies なっ","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"床","lemma":"床","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of はいっ","gloss":"bed"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 床","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"はい","lemma":"はいる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on なっ","gloss":"got into"},{"surface":"って","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of はい","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"横","lemma":"横","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of なっ","gloss":"sideways"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 横","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"なっ","lemma":"なる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 唸っ","gloss":"lay down"},{"surface":"たら","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of なっ","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"さっき","lemma":"さっき","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 騒動","gloss":"earlier"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking さっき","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"騒動","lemma":"騒動","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 唸っ","gloss":"commotion"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 騒動","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"蚊帳","lemma":"蚊帳","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 中","gloss":"mosquito net"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 蚊帳","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"中","lemma":"中","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 唸っ","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 中","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"ぶんぶん","lemma":"ぶんぶん","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 唸っ","gloss":"buzzing"},{"surface":"唸っ","lemma":"唸る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"buzz"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase 唸っ","gloss":"-ing"},{"surface":"いる","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":124,"label":"","id":"ch04-p17-s2","source":"手燭をつけて一匹ずつ焼くなんて面倒な事は出来ないから、釣手をはずして、長く畳んでおいて部屋の中で横竪十文字に振ったら、環が飛んで手の甲をいやというほど撲った。","translation":"Lighting a hand-candle and burning them off one by one was too much bother, so I unhooked the net's cord, folded it up long, and swung it around the room crosswise and lengthwise, and the metal ring flew off and struck the back of my hand something awful.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p17-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"手燭","lemma":"手燭","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of つけ","gloss":"hand-candle"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 手燭","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"つけ","lemma":"つける","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 焼く","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of つけ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"一","lemma":"一","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies 匹","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"匹","lemma":"匹","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 焼く","gloss":"mosquito"},{"surface":"ずつ","lemma":"ずつ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 匹","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"焼く","lemma":"焼く","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 事","gloss":"burn"},{"surface":"なんて","lemma":"なんて","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 焼く","gloss":"such as"},{"surface":"面倒","lemma":"面倒","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 事","gloss":"troublesome"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 面倒","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"事","lemma":"事","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 出来","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 事","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"出来","lemma":"出来る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on はずし","gloss":"can do"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 出来","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 出来","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"釣手","lemma":"釣手","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of はずし","gloss":"hook cord"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 釣手","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"はずし","lemma":"はずす","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 振っ","gloss":"unhooked"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of はずし","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"長く","lemma":"長い","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 畳ん","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"畳ん","lemma":"畳む","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 振っ","gloss":"folded"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 畳ん","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"おい","lemma":"おく","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase で","gloss":"leaves it"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase で","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"部屋","lemma":"部屋","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 中","gloss":"room"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 部屋","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"中","lemma":"中","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 振っ","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 中","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"横","lemma":"横","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 文字","gloss":"sideways"},{"surface":"竪","lemma":"竪","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 文字","gloss":"lengthwise"},{"surface":"十","lemma":"十","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies 文字","gloss":"cross"},{"surface":"文字","lemma":"文字","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 振っ","gloss":"shape"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 文字","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"振っ","lemma":"振る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 撲っ","gloss":"swung"},{"surface":"たら","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 振っ","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"環","lemma":"環","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 飛ん","gloss":"ring"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 環","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"飛ん","lemma":"飛ぶ","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 撲っ","gloss":"flew"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 飛ん","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"手の甲","lemma":"手の甲","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 撲っ","gloss":"back of my hand"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 手の甲","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"いや","lemma":"いや","morphology":"adjective","role":"clausal complement of いう","gloss":"awful"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking いや","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"いう","lemma":"いう","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 撲っ","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"ほど","lemma":"ほど","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of いう","gloss":"so much"},{"surface":"撲っ","lemma":"撲つ","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 撲っ","gloss":"did"}]},{"number":125,"label":"","id":"ch04-p17-s3","source":"三度目に床へはいった時は少々落ち付いたがなかなか寝られない。","translation":"The third time I got into bed I'd calmed down a little, but I still couldn't get to sleep.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p17-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"三","lemma":"三","morphology":"numeral","role":"compound with 目","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"度","lemma":"度","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 目","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"目","lemma":"目","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of はいっ","gloss":"-th"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 目","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"床","lemma":"床","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of はいっ","gloss":"bed"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 床","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"はいっ","lemma":"はいる","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 時","gloss":"got into"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of はいっ","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"時","lemma":"時","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 寝","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 時","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"少々","lemma":"少々","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 落ち","gloss":"a little"},{"surface":"落ち","lemma":"落ちる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 寝","gloss":"calmed"},{"surface":"付い","lemma":"付く","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 寝","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 付い","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 付い","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"なかなか","lemma":"なかなか","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 寝","gloss":"not easily"},{"surface":"寝","lemma":"寝る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"られ","lemma":"られる","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 寝","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 寝","gloss":"not"}]},{"number":126,"label":"","id":"ch04-p17-s4","source":"時計を見ると十時半だ。","translation":"I looked at the clock — half past ten.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p17-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"時計","lemma":"時計","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 見る","gloss":"clock"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 時計","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"見る","lemma":"見る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 半","gloss":"looked"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 見る","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"十","lemma":"十","morphology":"numeral","role":"compound with 半","gloss":"ten"},{"surface":"時","lemma":"時","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 半","gloss":"o'clock"},{"surface":"半","lemma":"半","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"half past"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 半","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":127,"label":"","id":"ch04-p17-s5","source":"考えてみると厄介な所へ来たもんだ。","translation":"Thinking it over, I'd landed myself in a troublesome place.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p17-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"考え","lemma":"考える","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 来","gloss":"think"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 考え","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"みる","lemma":"みる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"try"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 考え","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"厄介","lemma":"厄介","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 所","gloss":"troublesome"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 厄介","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"所","lemma":"所","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 来","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 所","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"来","lemma":"来る","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying もん","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 来","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"もん","lemma":"もの","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"thing","note":"もん is a colloquial contraction of もの; modern standard lemma もの used."},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to もん","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":128,"label":"","id":"ch04-p17-s6","source":"一体中学の先生なんて、どこへ行っても、こんなものを相手にするなら気の毒なものだ。","translation":"Middle-school teachers everywhere, I'd imagine, have my sympathy if this is the kind of thing they have to deal with.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p17-s6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"一体","lemma":"一体","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies なら","gloss":"really"},{"surface":"中学","lemma":"中学","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 先生","gloss":"middle school"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 中学","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"先生","lemma":"先生","morphology":"noun","role":"topic of なら","gloss":"teachers"},{"surface":"なんて","lemma":"なんて","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 先生","gloss":"as for"},{"surface":"どこ","lemma":"どこ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of 行っ","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking どこ","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"行っ","lemma":"行く","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on する","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 行っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 行っ","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"こんな","lemma":"こんな","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies もの","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"もの","lemma":"もの","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of する","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking もの","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"相手","lemma":"相手","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of する","gloss":"opponent"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 相手","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"する","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 気の毒","gloss":"treat"},{"surface":"なら","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of する","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"気の毒","lemma":"気の毒","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying もの","gloss":"pitiable"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 気の毒","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"もの","lemma":"もの","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to もの","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":129,"label":"","id":"ch04-p17-s7","source":"よく先生が品切れにならない。","translation":"It's a wonder they never run out of teachers.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p17-s7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"よく","lemma":"よく","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies なら","gloss":"amazingly"},{"surface":"先生","lemma":"先生","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of なら","gloss":"teachers"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 先生","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"品切れ","lemma":"品切れ","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of なら","gloss":"sold out"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 品切れ","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"なら","lemma":"なる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of なら","gloss":"not"}]},{"number":130,"label":"","id":"ch04-p17-s8","source":"よっぽど辛防強い朴念仁がなるんだろう。","translation":"I suppose only extraordinarily patient blockheads become teachers.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p17-s8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"よっぽど","lemma":"よっぽど","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 強い","gloss":"extremely"},{"surface":"辛","lemma":"辛","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 防","gloss":"hardship"},{"surface":"防","lemma":"抱","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 強い","gloss":"patience","note":"辛防 is a Meiji-era variant spelling of 辛抱 (patience/endurance); modern standard lemma 抱 used for this character."},{"surface":"強い","lemma":"強い","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 朴念仁","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"朴念仁","lemma":"朴念仁","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of なる","gloss":"blockhead"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 朴念仁","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"なる","lemma":"なる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"ん","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of なる","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"だろう","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase ん","gloss":"probably"}]},{"number":131,"label":"","id":"ch04-p17-s9","source":"おれには到底やり切れない。","translation":"I could never stick it out myself.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p17-s9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"到底","lemma":"到底","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies やり","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"やり","lemma":"やる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 切れ","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"切れ","lemma":"切れる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 切れ","gloss":"not"}]},{"number":132,"label":"","id":"ch04-p17-s10","source":"それを思うと清なんてのは見上げたものだ。","translation":"Thinking of that, Kiyo really is something to look up to.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p17-s10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"それ","lemma":"それ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of 思う","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking それ","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"思う","lemma":"思う","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying もの","gloss":"think of"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 思う","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"清","lemma":"清","morphology":"proper noun","role":"topic of the sentence","gloss":"Kiyo"},{"surface":"なんて","lemma":"なんて","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 清","gloss":"such as"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 清","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 清","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"見","lemma":"見る","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying もの","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"上げ","lemma":"上げる","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying もの","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 上げ","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"もの","lemma":"もの","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to もの","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":133,"label":"","id":"ch04-p17-s11","source":"教育もない身分もない婆さんだが、人間としてはすこぶる尊とい。","translation":"She's an old woman with neither education nor rank, but as a human being she's thoroughly noble.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p17-s11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"教育","lemma":"教育","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of ない","gloss":"education"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 教育","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies 婆","gloss":"lacking"},{"surface":"身分","lemma":"身分","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of ない","gloss":"status"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 身分","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying さん","gloss":"lacking"},{"surface":"婆","lemma":"婆","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with さん","gloss":"old woman"},{"surface":"さん","lemma":"さん","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of い","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to さん","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of さん","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"人間","lemma":"人間","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of い","gloss":"human"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 人間","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase と","gloss":"take"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase と","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 人間","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"すこぶる","lemma":"すこぶる","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 尊","gloss":"extremely"},{"surface":"尊","lemma":"尊い","morphology":"adjective","role":"compound with い","gloss":"noble","note":"尊とい is an old orthographic form of 尊い (とうとい, \"noble/precious\"); the と on the next token is part of the archaic reading, not a separate word."},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase 尊","gloss":"(archaic reading)"},{"surface":"い","lemma":"い","morphology":"adjective","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":134,"label":"","id":"ch04-p17-s12","source":"今まではあんなに世話になって別段難有いとも思わなかったが、こうして、一人で遠国へ来てみると、始めてあの親切がわかる。","translation":"Up till now, for all she'd done for me, I never thought much of being grateful, but now that I've come all alone to this far-off province, I understand her kindness for the first time.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p17-s12.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"今","lemma":"今","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 思わ","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"まで","lemma":"まで","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 今","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 今","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"あんな","lemma":"あんな","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on なっ","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of あんな","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"世話","lemma":"世話","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of なっ","gloss":"care"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 世話","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"なっ","lemma":"なる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 思わ","gloss":"received"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of なっ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"別段","lemma":"別段","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 有","gloss":"particularly"},{"surface":"難","lemma":"有難い","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 有","gloss":"rare","note":"難有い is an inverted spelling of standard 有難い (\"grateful/thankful\"); modern lemma 有難い used."},{"surface":"有","lemma":"有難い","morphology":"noun","role":"clause modifying 思わ","gloss":"grateful"},{"surface":"いとも","lemma":"いとも","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 思わ","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"思わ","lemma":"思う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on わかる","gloss":"think"},{"surface":"なかっ","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 思わ","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 思わ","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 思わ","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"こう","lemma":"こう","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies し","gloss":"this way"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on わかる","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of し","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"一人","lemma":"一人","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 来","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 一人","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"遠国","lemma":"遠国","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 来","gloss":"distant land"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 遠国","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"来","lemma":"来る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on わかる","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 来","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"みる","lemma":"みる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"try"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 来","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"始め","lemma":"初めて","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies わかる","gloss":"for the first","note":"始めて here is a variant spelling of 初めて (\"for the first time\"), not the verb 始める (\"to begin\")."},{"surface":"て","lemma":"初めて","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase 始め","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"あの","lemma":"あの","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of 親切","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"親切","lemma":"親切","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of わかる","gloss":"kindness"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 親切","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"わかる","lemma":"わかる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"understand"}]},{"number":135,"label":"","id":"ch04-p17-s13","source":"越後の笹飴が食いたければ、わざわざ越後まで買いに行って食わしてやっても、食わせるだけの価値は充分ある。","translation":"If she took a fancy for Echigo taffy, it'd be worth going all the way to Echigo to buy it and feed it to her, just for the pleasure of feeding her.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p17-s13.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"越後","lemma":"越後","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies 笹飴","gloss":"Echigo"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 越後","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"笹飴","lemma":"笹飴","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 食い","gloss":"taffy"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 笹飴","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"食い","lemma":"食う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on やっ","gloss":"eat"},{"surface":"たけれ","lemma":"たい","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 食い","gloss":"wants to"},{"surface":"ば","lemma":"ば","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 食い","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"わざわざ","lemma":"わざわざ","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 行っ","gloss":"specially"},{"surface":"越後","lemma":"越後","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of 行っ","gloss":"Echigo"},{"surface":"まで","lemma":"まで","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 越後","gloss":"all the way to"},{"surface":"買い","lemma":"買う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 行っ","gloss":"buy"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 買い","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"行っ","lemma":"行く","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 食わし","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 行っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"食わし","lemma":"食わす","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on やっ","gloss":"feed"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 食わし","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"やっ","lemma":"やる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on ある","gloss":"for her"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of やっ","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking やっ","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"食わ","lemma":"食う","morphology":"verb","role":"modifies 価値","gloss":"eat"},{"surface":"せる","lemma":"せる","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 食わ","gloss":"make"},{"surface":"だけ","lemma":"だけ","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 食わ","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 食わ","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"価値","lemma":"価値","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of ある","gloss":"worth"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 価値","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"充分","lemma":"充分","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ある","gloss":"fully"},{"surface":"ある","lemma":"ある","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":136,"label":"","id":"ch04-p17-s14","source":"清はおれの事を欲がなくって、真直な気性だと云って、ほめるが、ほめられるおれよりも、ほめる本人の方が立派な人間だ。","translation":"Kiyo praises me for being free of greed and having a straightforward nature, but the one doing the praising is a finer person than the one being praised.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p17-s14.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"清","lemma":"清","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of ほめる (w18)","gloss":"Kiyo"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 清","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies 事","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"事","lemma":"事","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 云っ","gloss":"matter"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 事","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"欲","lemma":"欲","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of なくっ","gloss":"greed"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 欲","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"なくっ","lemma":"ない","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on 云っ","gloss":"lacking"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of なくっ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"真直","lemma":"真直","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 気性","gloss":"straightforward"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 真直","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"気性","lemma":"気性","morphology":"noun","role":"clausal complement of 云っ","gloss":"nature"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 気性","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 気性","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"云っ","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on ほめる (w18)","gloss":"saying"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 云っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ほめる","lemma":"ほめる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of 清's clause","gloss":"praises"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating conjunction (but), links to ほめる","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ほめ","lemma":"ほめる","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying おれ","gloss":"praise"},{"surface":"られる","lemma":"られる","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of ほめ","gloss":"(passive)"},{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"noun","role":"standard of comparison for 立派","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"より","lemma":"より","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ほめる","lemma":"ほめる","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 本人","gloss":"praises"},{"surface":"本人","lemma":"本人","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 方","gloss":"the person"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 本人","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"方","lemma":"方","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 立派","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 方","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"立派","lemma":"立派","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 人間","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 立派","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"人間","lemma":"人間","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"person"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 人間","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":137,"label":"","id":"ch04-p17-s15","source":"何だか清に逢いたくなった。","translation":"Somehow I found myself wanting to see Kiyo.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p17-s15.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"何","lemma":"何","morphology":"pronoun","role":"adverbial clause on なっ","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 何","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 何","gloss":"or so"},{"surface":"清","lemma":"清","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of 逢い","gloss":"Kiyo"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 清","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"逢い","lemma":"逢う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on なっ","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"たく","lemma":"たい","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 逢い","gloss":"want to"},{"surface":"なっ","lemma":"なる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of なっ","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":138,"label":"18","id":"ch04-p18-s1","source":"清の事を考えながら、のつそつしていると、突然おれの頭の上で、数で云ったら三四十人もあろうか、二階が落っこちるほどどん、どん、どんと拍子を取って床板を踏みならす音がした。","translation":"While I was thinking of Kiyo, restless and turning this way and that, suddenly, over my head — judging by the sound, thirty or forty of them at least — came a thunderous don, don, don, stamping the floorboards in unison hard enough to bring the ceiling down.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"清","lemma":"清","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies 事","gloss":"Kiyo"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 清","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"事","lemma":"事","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 考え","gloss":"matter"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 事","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"考え","lemma":"考える","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on そつ","gloss":"thinking"},{"surface":"ながら","lemma":"ながら","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 考え","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"のそのそ","morphology":"adverb","role":"compound with そつ","gloss":"restlessly","note":"Meiji-era mimetic spelling for のそのそ/のそつく ('to loiter, shift about'), mis-split by the tagger; the three fragments here jointly gloss the one word."},{"surface":"つ","lemma":"つ","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with そつ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"そつ","lemma":"そつく","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on し","gloss":"shifting about"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of そつ","gloss":"doing"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of そつ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"いる","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of そつ","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"突然","lemma":"突然","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies した (main verb)","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies 頭","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"頭","lemma":"頭","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 上","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 頭","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"上","lemma":"上","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of した","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 上","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"数","lemma":"数","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 云っ","gloss":"count"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 数","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"云っ","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on あろう","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"たら","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 云っ","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"三四","lemma":"三四","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 十人","gloss":"three or four"},{"surface":"十人","lemma":"十人","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of あろう","gloss":"tens of people"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 十人","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"あろう","lemma":"ある","morphology":"verb","role":"parenthetical, modifies 音","gloss":"there'd be"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of あろう","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"二","lemma":"二","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies 階","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"階","lemma":"階","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 落っこちる","gloss":"floor"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 階","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"落っこちる","lemma":"落っこちる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on どん","gloss":"collapse"},{"surface":"ほど","lemma":"ほど","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 落っこちる","gloss":"to the point that"},{"surface":"どん","lemma":"どん","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 踏み","gloss":"don"},{"surface":"どん","lemma":"どん","morphology":"adverb","role":"compound with どん","gloss":"don"},{"surface":"どん","lemma":"どん","morphology":"pronoun","role":"compound with どん","gloss":"don"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking どん","gloss":"with a"},{"surface":"拍子","lemma":"拍子","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 取っ","gloss":"rhythm"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 拍子","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"取っ","lemma":"取る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 踏み","gloss":"keeping"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 取っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"床板","lemma":"床板","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 踏み","gloss":"floorboards"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 床板","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"踏み","lemma":"踏む","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 音","gloss":"stamping"},{"surface":"ならす","lemma":"ならす","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 音","gloss":"make resound"},{"surface":"音","lemma":"音","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of し","gloss":"sound"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 音","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"occurred"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of し","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":139,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s2","source":"すると足音に比例した大きな鬨の声が起った。","translation":"Then a great war-whoop went up, matching the stamping in scale.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"する","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"forms conjunction すると with と","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"forms conjunction すると with する","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"足音","lemma":"足音","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 比例","gloss":"footsteps"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 足音","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"比例","lemma":"比例","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 鬨の声","gloss":"proportional"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 比例","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 比例","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"大きな","lemma":"大きな","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies 鬨の声","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"鬨の声","lemma":"鬨の声","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 起っ","gloss":"war cry"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 鬨の声","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"起っ","lemma":"起こる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"arose"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 起っ","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":140,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s3","source":"おれは何事が持ち上がったのかと驚ろいて飛び起きた。","translation":"Wondering what on earth had broken out, I sprang up in alarm.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 起き","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"何事","lemma":"何事","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 持ち","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 何事","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"持ち","lemma":"持つ","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 驚ろい","gloss":"had come"},{"surface":"上がっ","lemma":"上がる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 驚ろい","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 上がっ","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 上がっ","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 上がっ","gloss":"wondering"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 上がっ","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"驚ろい","lemma":"驚く","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 飛び","gloss":"startled","note":"驚ろい is the Meiji-era okurigana spelling of 驚いた (modern lemma 驚く)."},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 驚ろい","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"飛び","lemma":"飛ぶ","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 起き","gloss":"sprang"},{"surface":"起き","lemma":"起きる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 起き","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":141,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s4","source":"飛び起きる途端に、ははあさっきの意趣返しに生徒があばれるのだなと気がついた。","translation":"The instant I sprang up, it dawned on me — ah, this must be the students getting back at me for earlier.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"飛び","lemma":"飛ぶ","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 途端","gloss":"springing"},{"surface":"起きる","lemma":"起きる","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 途端","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"途端","lemma":"途端","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of つい","gloss":"instant"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 途端","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ははあ","lemma":"ははあ","morphology":"interjection","role":"compound with さっき","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"さっき","lemma":"さっき","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 返し","gloss":"earlier"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking さっき","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"意趣","lemma":"意趣","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 返し","gloss":"grudge"},{"surface":"返し","lemma":"返し","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of あばれる","gloss":"payback"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 返し","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"生徒","lemma":"生徒","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of あばれる","gloss":"students"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 生徒","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"あばれる","lemma":"あばれる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on つい","gloss":"are rampaging"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"particle marking あばれる","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase の","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"な","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of あばれる","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking あばれる","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"気","lemma":"気","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of つい","gloss":"realization"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 気","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"つい","lemma":"つく","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"noticed"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of つい","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":142,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s5","source":"手前のわるい事は悪るかったと言ってしまわないうちは罪は消えないもんだ。","translation":"It's not enough to know a wrong was wrong — until you've said so out loud, the fault doesn't go away.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"言ってしまわないうちは","title":"«〜てしまう» + «〜ないうちは» — 'until (not) X'","body":"«てしまう» marks the completion of an act (here, 'finish saying'); «〜ないうちは» means 'as long as X hasn't happened'. Together: 'until it's been said outright, the fault doesn't disappear' — Botchan's rough personal ethics."}],"words":[{"surface":"手前","lemma":"手前","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 事","gloss":"one's own"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 手前","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"わるい","lemma":"わるい","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 事","gloss":"wrong"},{"surface":"事","lemma":"事","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 悪るかっ","gloss":"deed"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 事","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"悪るかっ","lemma":"悪い","morphology":"adjective","role":"clausal complement of 言っ","gloss":"was wrong","note":"悪る- is Meiji-era okurigana for わるい/悪い; modern lemma 悪い used."},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 悪るかっ","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 悪るかっ","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"言っ","lemma":"言う","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying うち","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 言っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"しまわ","lemma":"しまう","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"finish"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 言っ","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"うち","lemma":"うち","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 消え","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking うち","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"罪","lemma":"罪","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 消え","gloss":"fault"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 罪","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"消え","lemma":"消える","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying もん","gloss":"disappear"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 消え","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"もん","lemma":"もん","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to もん","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":143,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s6","source":"わるい事は、手前達に覚があるだろう。","translation":"Whatever's wrong, those fellows themselves must know it perfectly well.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"わるい","lemma":"わるい","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 事","gloss":"wrong"},{"surface":"事","lemma":"事","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of ある","gloss":"matter"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 事","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"手前","lemma":"手前","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 達","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"達","lemma":"達","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of ある","gloss":"(plural)"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 達","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"覚","lemma":"覚","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of ある","gloss":"awareness"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 覚","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"ある","lemma":"ある","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"だろう","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of ある","gloss":"surely"}]},{"number":144,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s7","source":"本来なら寝てから後悔してあしたの朝でもあやまりに来るのが本筋だ。","translation":"The proper thing would be to go to bed, feel sorry about it, and come apologize the next morning.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"本来","lemma":"本来","morphology":"noun","role":"adverbial clause on 寝","gloss":"properly"},{"surface":"なら","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 本来","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"寝","lemma":"寝る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 後悔","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 寝","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 寝","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"後悔","lemma":"後悔","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 来る","gloss":"regret"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 後悔","gloss":"doing"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 後悔","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"あした","lemma":"あした","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 朝","gloss":"tomorrow"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking あした","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"朝","lemma":"朝","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 来る","gloss":"morning"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 朝","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 朝","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"あやまり","lemma":"あやまる","morphology":"verb","role":"oblique complement of 来る","gloss":"apologize"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking あやまり","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"来る","lemma":"来る","morphology":"verb","role":"depends on 本筋","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 来る","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 来る","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"本筋","lemma":"本筋","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"proper way"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 本筋","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":145,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s8","source":"たとい、あやまらないまでも恐れ入って、静粛に寝ているべきだ。","translation":"Even if they weren't going to apologize, the least they could do is lie there quietly, suitably chastened.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"たとい","lemma":"たとい","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 寝","gloss":"even if"},{"surface":"あやまら","lemma":"あやまる","morphology":"verb, negative stem","role":"adverbial clause on 恐れ","gloss":"apologize"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of あやまら","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"まで","lemma":"まで","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of あやまら","gloss":"to that extent"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking あやまら","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"恐れ","lemma":"恐れる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 寝","gloss":"feel contrite"},{"surface":"入っ","lemma":"入る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 寝","gloss":"thoroughly","note":"恐れ入る is a compound verb, \"to be duly humbled/contrite\"; 入る here intensifies 恐れ rather than meaning \"enter\"."},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 入っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"静粛","lemma":"静粛","morphology":"noun","role":"adverbial clause on 寝","gloss":"quiet"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb, continuative form","role":"auxiliary of 静粛","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"寝","lemma":"寝る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lie down"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 寝","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"いる","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"べき","lemma":"べし","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 寝","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 寝","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":146,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s9","source":"それを何だこの騒ぎは。","translation":"And instead, what is this racket?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"それ","lemma":"それ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of 何","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking それ","gloss":"yet","note":"それを here is the idiomatic exclamatory \"and yet/despite that,\" not a literal direct-object marker."},{"surface":"何","lemma":"何","morphology":"pronoun","role":"predicate complement of だ","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 何","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"この","lemma":"この","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of 騒ぎ","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"騒ぎ","lemma":"騒ぎ","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"racket"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 騒ぎ","gloss":"topic"}]},{"number":147,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s10","source":"寄宿舎を建てて豚でも飼っておきあしまいし。","translation":"You'd think they'd built a dormitory and were keeping pigs in it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"寄宿","lemma":"寄宿","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 舎","gloss":"boarding"},{"surface":"舎","lemma":"舎","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 建て","gloss":"building"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 舎","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"建て","lemma":"建てる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 飼っ","gloss":"built"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 建て","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"豚","lemma":"豚","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 飼っ","gloss":"pigs"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 豚","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 豚","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"飼っ","lemma":"飼う","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"raise"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 飼っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"おき","lemma":"おく","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"keeping"},{"surface":"あ","lemma":"ある","morphology":"fragment, source text likely corrupted","role":"compound with 飼っ","gloss":"as if","note":"おきあしまいし is very hard to parse as written; the surrounding idiom (\"it's not as though...\", cf. でもあるまいし) strongly suggests an underlying あるまいし (ある+まい+し) with a transcription slip (a plausible る→し substitution) rather than a genuine bare stem of ある, which has no such form (未然あら/連用あり/終止・連体ある/仮定あれ). Flagging for human review of the source printing rather than asserting a specific fix, since the gloss/lemma choices are a reasonable best-effort reading of a garbled passage."},{"surface":"しまい","lemma":"まい","morphology":"auxiliary verb (negative presumptive, classical)","role":"part of the phrase あ","gloss":"wouldn't","note":"Surface しまい here represents the classical negative-presumptive suffix まい (\"surely not / it's not as if\"), not the verb しまう."},{"surface":"し","lemma":"し","morphology":"particle, conjunctive","role":"auxiliary of 飼っ","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":148,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s11","source":"気狂いじみた真似も大抵にするがいい。","translation":"There's a limit to how far you can carry on like lunatics.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"気狂い","lemma":"気狂い","morphology":"noun","role":"clause modifying 真似","gloss":"lunatic"},{"surface":"じみ","lemma":"じみる","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 真似","gloss":"resembling"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of じみ","gloss":"-like"},{"surface":"真似","lemma":"真似","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of する","gloss":"conduct"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 真似","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"大抵","lemma":"大抵","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on する","gloss":"moderate"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb, continuative form","role":"auxiliary of 大抵","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"する","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on いい","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle, idiomatic (〜がいい)","role":"introduces the clause of する","gloss":"and","note":"Fixed idiom '〜がいい' (\"had better do ~\") already carries its \"should/better\" sense on いい (w10); glossing が as \"better\" duplicates that sense on the wrong token. が here is the connective linking する to いい, not an independent bearer of \"better\"."},{"surface":"いい","lemma":"いい","morphology":"adjective","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"should"}]},{"number":149,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s12","source":"どうするか見ろと、寝巻のまま宿直部屋を飛び出して、楷子段を三股半に二階まで躍り上がった。","translation":"Just you wait, I thought. Still in my nightclothes, I flew out of the night-duty room and bounded up to the second floor in three and a half strides.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s12.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"どう","lemma":"どう","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies する","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"する","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 見ろ","gloss":"happening"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of する","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"見ろ","lemma":"見る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 飛び","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 見ろ","gloss":"thinking"},{"surface":"寝巻","lemma":"寝巻","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies まま","gloss":"nightclothes"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 寝巻","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"まま","lemma":"まま","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 飛び","gloss":"as is"},{"surface":"宿直","lemma":"宿直","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 部屋","gloss":"night-duty"},{"surface":"部屋","lemma":"部屋","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 飛び","gloss":"room"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 部屋","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"飛び","lemma":"飛ぶ","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 躍り","gloss":"burst"},{"surface":"出し","lemma":"出す","morphology":"verb","role":"compound with 飛び","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 出し","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"楷","lemma":"梯","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 段","gloss":"ladder","note":"楷子段 is a period spelling of 梯子段 (\"stairway,\" lit. \"ladder-steps\"); 楷 corrects to lemma 梯 (hashigo, \"ladder\")."},{"surface":"子","lemma":"子","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 段","gloss":"ladder"},{"surface":"段","lemma":"段","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 上がっ","gloss":"steps"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 段","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"三股","lemma":"三股","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 半","gloss":"three-step"},{"surface":"半","lemma":"半","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 上がっ","gloss":"and a half"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 半","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"二","lemma":"二","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies 階","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"階","lemma":"階","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 上がっ","gloss":"floor"},{"surface":"まで","lemma":"まで","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 階","gloss":"up to"},{"surface":"躍り","lemma":"躍る","morphology":"verb, stem","role":"modifies 上がっ","gloss":"bounded"},{"surface":"上がっ","lemma":"上がる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 上がっ","gloss":"did"}]},{"number":150,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s13","source":"すると不思議な事に、今まで頭の上で、たしかにどたばた暴れていたのが、急に静まり返って、人声どころか足音もしなくなった。","translation":"Then, strange to say, the ruckus that had plainly been going on right overhead a moment before suddenly fell dead silent — not a voice, not even a footstep.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s13.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"する","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb, fixed conjunctive expression","role":"introduces the sentence","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"不思議","lemma":"不思議","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 事","gloss":"strange"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb, attributive form","role":"auxiliary of 不思議","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"事","lemma":"事","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 静まり","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 事","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"今","lemma":"今","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 暴れ","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"まで","lemma":"まで","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 今","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"頭","lemma":"頭","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 上","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 頭","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"上","lemma":"上","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 暴れ","gloss":"above","note":"頭の上で forms one phrase (\"above the head\"): 上 is the head that 頭の modifies (see w9's role, \"modifies 上\"), and 頭の上で as a whole is the locative adjunct of 暴れ. Pairing 上 with 今 (\"compound with 今\") is a mismatch — 今まで and 頭の上で are two separate, unrelated adjuncts of 暴れ."},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 上","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"たしか","lemma":"たしか","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on 暴れ","gloss":"clearly"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb, continuative form","role":"auxiliary of たしか","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"どたばた","lemma":"どたばた","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 暴れ","gloss":"noisily"},{"surface":"暴れ","lemma":"暴れる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 静まり","gloss":"thrashing"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 暴れ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"い","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 暴れ","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle, nominalizer","role":"nominalizes the clause on 暴れ","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 暴れ","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"急","lemma":"急","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on 静まり","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb, continuative form","role":"auxiliary of 急","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"静まり","lemma":"静まる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on なっ","gloss":"quieted"},{"surface":"返っ","lemma":"返る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on なっ","gloss":"completely"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 返っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"人声","lemma":"人声","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of し","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"どころ","lemma":"どころ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 人声","gloss":"let alone"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 人声","gloss":"let alone"},{"surface":"足音","lemma":"足音","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of し","gloss":"footsteps"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 足音","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on なっ","gloss":"happen"},{"surface":"なく","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of し","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"なっ","lemma":"なる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of なっ","gloss":"did"}]},{"number":151,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s14","source":"これは妙だ。","translation":"Odd, this.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s14.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"これ","lemma":"これ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of 妙","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking これ","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"妙","lemma":"妙","morphology":"adjective","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"odd"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 妙","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":152,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s15","source":"ランプはすでに消してあるから、暗くてどこに何が居るか判然と分らないが、人気のあるとないとは様子でも知れる。","translation":"The lamp was already out, so it was too dark to make out clearly where anything or anyone was, but you can tell from the feel of the place whether there's a soul about or not.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s15.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ランプ","lemma":"ランプ","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 消し","gloss":"lamp"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking ランプ","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"すでに","lemma":"すでに","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 消し","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"消し","lemma":"消す","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 暗く","gloss":"put out"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 消し","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ある","lemma":"ある","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 消し","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"暗く","lemma":"暗い","morphology":"adjective, adverbial form","role":"adverbial clause on 居る","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 暗く","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"どこ","lemma":"どこ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of 居る","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking どこ","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"何","lemma":"何","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of 居る","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 何","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"居る","lemma":"居る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 分ら","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 居る","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"判然","lemma":"判然","morphology":"adjective","role":"oblique complement of 分ら","gloss":"clearly"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 判然","gloss":"clearly"},{"surface":"分ら","lemma":"分る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 知れる","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 分ら","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 分ら","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"人気","lemma":"人気","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies ある","gloss":"presence"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 人気","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"ある","lemma":"ある","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on ない","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking ある","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on 知れる","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking ない","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking ない","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"様子","lemma":"様子","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 知れる","gloss":"feel"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 様子","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 様子","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"知れる","lemma":"知れる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"can be told"}]},{"number":153,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s16","source":"長く東から西へ貫いた廊下には鼠一匹も隠れていない。","translation":"The corridor, running the long way from east to west, hadn't so much as a mouse hiding in it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s16.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"長く","lemma":"長い","morphology":"adjective, adverbial form","role":"clause modifying 東","gloss":"long way"},{"surface":"東","lemma":"東","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 貫い","gloss":"east"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 東","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"西","lemma":"西","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 貫い","gloss":"west"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 西","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"貫い","lemma":"貫く","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 廊下","gloss":"ran through"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 貫い","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"廊下","lemma":"廊下","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 隠れ","gloss":"corridor"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 廊下","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 廊下","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"鼠","lemma":"鼠","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 匹","gloss":"mouse"},{"surface":"一","lemma":"一","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies 匹","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"匹","lemma":"匹","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 隠れ","gloss":"creature"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 匹","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"隠れ","lemma":"隠れる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"hide"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 隠れ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"い","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 隠れ","gloss":"not"}]},{"number":154,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s17","source":"廊下のはずれから月がさして、遥か向うが際どく明るい。","translation":"Moonlight slanted in from the corridor's far end, making the distance oddly bright.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s17.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"廊下","lemma":"廊下","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies はずれ","gloss":"corridor"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 廊下","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"はずれ","lemma":"はずれ","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 月がさ","gloss":"far end"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking はずれ","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"月がさ","lemma":"月がさす","morphology":"verb (compound: 月 + が + 差す, tokenized as one unit)","role":"adverbial clause on 際どく","gloss":"moonlight shone","note":"Backbone tokenization bundled 月 (moon) + が (subject) + 差す stem (\"shine in\") into one surface span; glossed as the whole clause's meaning."},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 月がさ","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 月がさ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"遥か","lemma":"遥か","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 際どく","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"向う","lemma":"向こう","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 際どく","gloss":"the distance"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 向う","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"際どく","lemma":"際どい","morphology":"adjective, adverbial form","role":"adverbial clause on 明るい","gloss":"oddly"},{"surface":"明るい","lemma":"明るい","morphology":"adjective","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"bright"}]},{"number":155,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s18","source":"どうも変だ、おれは小供の時から、よく夢を見る癖があって、夢中に跳ね起きて、わからぬ寝言を云って、人に笑われた事がよくある。","translation":"Very strange indeed — I've had, since I was a child, a habit of dreaming vividly, of springing up in the middle of a dream and muttering nonsense in my sleep, and being laughed at for it more than once.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s18.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"どう","lemma":"どう","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 変","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking どう","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"変","lemma":"変","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on あっ","gloss":"strange"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 変","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of あっ","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"小供","lemma":"子供","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 時","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 小供","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"時","lemma":"時","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 見る","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 時","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"よく","lemma":"よく","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 見る","gloss":"often"},{"surface":"夢","lemma":"夢","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 見る","gloss":"dream"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 夢","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"見る","lemma":"見る","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 癖","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"癖","lemma":"癖","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of あっ","gloss":"habit"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 癖","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"あっ","lemma":"ある","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 云っ","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of あっ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"夢中","lemma":"夢中","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on 跳ね","gloss":"mid-dream"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb, continuative form","role":"auxiliary of 夢中","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"跳ね","lemma":"跳ねる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 云っ","gloss":"spring"},{"surface":"起き","lemma":"起きる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 云っ","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 起き","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"わから","lemma":"わかる","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 寝言","gloss":"make sense"},{"surface":"ぬ","lemma":"ぬ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of わから","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"寝言","lemma":"寝言","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 云っ","gloss":"nonsense"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 寝言","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"云っ","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 事","gloss":"mutter"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 云っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"人","lemma":"人","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 笑わ","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 人","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"笑わ","lemma":"笑う","morphology":"verb, passive stem","role":"clause modifying 事","gloss":"laugh"},{"surface":"れ","lemma":"れる","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 笑わ","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 笑わ","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"事","lemma":"事","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of ある","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 事","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"よく","lemma":"よく","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ある","gloss":"often"},{"surface":"ある","lemma":"ある","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"happens"}]},{"number":156,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s19","source":"十六七の時ダイヤモンドを拾った夢を見た晩なぞは、むくりと立ち上がって、そばに居た兄に、今のダイヤモンドはどうしたと、非常な勢で尋ねたくらいだ。","translation":"The night I dreamed, at sixteen or seventeen, that I'd picked up a diamond, I sprang to my feet and asked my brother, who was beside me, with tremendous urgency, where the diamond had got to.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s19.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"十","lemma":"十","morphology":"numeral","role":"combines with 六 (w2), forms 十六 'sixteen'","gloss":"ten"},{"surface":"六","lemma":"六","morphology":"numeral","role":"combines with 十 (w1), forms 十六 'sixteen'","gloss":"six"},{"surface":"七","lemma":"七","morphology":"numeral","role":"alternative digit giving '16 or 17'; modifies 時","gloss":"or seven"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"attributive particle marking 十六七, modifies 時","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"時","lemma":"時","morphology":"noun","role":"temporal noun 'at the age of 16-17', adjunct to the whole sentence","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"ダイヤモンド","lemma":"ダイヤモンド","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 拾っ","gloss":"diamond"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking ダイヤモンド","gloss":"(object marker)"},{"surface":"拾っ","lemma":"拾う","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 夢","gloss":"picked up"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 拾っ","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"夢","lemma":"夢","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 見","gloss":"dream"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 夢","gloss":"(object marker)"},{"surface":"見","lemma":"見る","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 晩","gloss":"had (a dream)"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 見","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"晩","lemma":"晩","morphology":"noun","role":"topic noun (with なぞは), sets the scene for 尋ねた","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"なぞ","lemma":"など","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 晩, 'such as/like'","gloss":"such as","note":"colloquial Meiji-Tokyo variant of など 'and the like'."},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"topic particle marking 晩なぞ","gloss":"(topic marker)"},{"surface":"むくり","lemma":"むくり","morphology":"adverb","role":"mimetic adverb, modifies 立ち上がっ","gloss":"abruptly"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking むくり, forms the adverbial phrase","gloss":"(manner marker)"},{"surface":"立ち","lemma":"立つ","morphology":"verb","role":"combines with 上がっ, forms 立ち上がる 'stood up'","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"上がっ","lemma":"上がる","morphology":"verb","role":"combines with 立ち, forms 立ち上がる; te-form links to 尋ねた","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"links 立ち上がっ to 尋ね(た)","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"そば","lemma":"そば","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 居","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking そば","gloss":"(location marker)"},{"surface":"居","lemma":"居る","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 兄","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 居","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"兄","lemma":"兄","morphology":"noun","role":"indirect object of 尋ね (marked by に)","gloss":"brother"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"indirect object marker on 兄","gloss":"(indirect object marker)"},{"surface":"今","lemma":"今","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies ダイヤモンド","gloss":"just now"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 今","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"ダイヤモンド","lemma":"ダイヤモンド","morphology":"noun","role":"topic of し (embedded question 'what happened to the diamond'), marked by は","gloss":"diamond"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking ダイヤモンド","gloss":"(topic marker)"},{"surface":"どう","lemma":"どう","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies し","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"verb of the quoted question, complement of と 尋ね","gloss":"happened"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of し","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"quotation particle introducing the complement of 尋ね","gloss":"(quote marker)"},{"surface":"非常","lemma":"非常","morphology":"adjective","role":"adjectival noun modifying 勢 (via な)","gloss":"tremendous"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"attributive form linking 非常 to 勢","gloss":"(attributive)"},{"surface":"勢","lemma":"勢","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 尋ね (instrumental, marked by で)","gloss":"force"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 勢, instrumental","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"尋ね","lemma":"尋ねる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 尋ね","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"くらい","lemma":"くらい","morphology":"particle","role":"degree particle, 'to the extent of asking'","gloss":"even","note":"尋ねたくらいだ = 'it was to the extent that I even asked'."},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula completing the predicate くらいだ","gloss":"was"}]},{"number":157,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s20","source":"その時は三日ばかりうち中の笑い草になって大いに弱った。","translation":"That time I was the family joke for a good three days and suffered plenty for it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s20.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"その","lemma":"その","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of 時","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"時","lemma":"時","morphology":"noun","role":"topic of the sentence (marked by は), sets the scene for 弱っ","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 時","gloss":"(topic marker)"},{"surface":"三","lemma":"三","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies 日","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"日","lemma":"日","morphology":"noun","role":"duration adjunct, modifies なっ","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"ばかり","lemma":"ばかり","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 日, approximation","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"うち","lemma":"うち","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 中","gloss":"family"},{"surface":"中","lemma":"中","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with うち; modifies 笑い草","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 中","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"笑い草","lemma":"笑い草","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of なっ","gloss":"laughingstock"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 笑い草, result","gloss":"(result marker)"},{"surface":"なっ","lemma":"なる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 弱っ","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of なっ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"大いに","lemma":"大いに","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 弱っ","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"弱っ","lemma":"弱る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"suffered"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 弱っ","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":158,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s21","source":"ことによると今のも夢かも知れない。","translation":"It's possible this too was a dream.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s21.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"こと","lemma":"こと","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the set phrase ことによると 'perhaps'","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking こと, part of ことによると","gloss":"(idiom particle)"},{"surface":"よる","lemma":"よる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase ことによると, forms adverbial 'perhaps'","gloss":"depend"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"completes ことによると 'perhaps'","gloss":"(idiom particle)","note":"ことによると is a set phrase meaning 'perhaps, possibly'."},{"surface":"今","lemma":"今","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase, refers back to the earlier dream","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"nominalizing particle, 今の = 'this one'","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 今","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"夢","lemma":"夢","morphology":"noun","role":"predicate noun before か (copula omitted)","gloss":"a dream"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 夢, forms かもしれない","gloss":"maybe"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase か","gloss":"(emphasis)"},{"surface":"知れ","lemma":"知れる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase か","gloss":"might"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase か","gloss":"(negation)","note":"かもしれない as a whole idiom means 'might be'."}]},{"number":159,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s22","source":"しかしたしかにあばれたに違いないがと、廊下の真中で考え込んでいると、月のさしている向うのはずれで、一二三わあと、三四十人の声がかたまって響いたかと思う間もなく、前のように拍子を取って、一同が床板を踏み鳴らした。","translation":"But I was sure I'd truly heard them stamping about, and while I stood puzzling it over in the middle of the corridor, from the far end where the moon shone in, a shout went up — \"one, two, three, waaah\" — thirty or forty voices bunched together, and no sooner had it faded than, just as before, they fell into rhythm again and everyone stamped the floorboards.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s22.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"しかし","lemma":"しかし","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"たしか","lemma":"たしか","morphology":"adjective","role":"adjectival noun, adverbial via に, modifies あばれた","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"adverbializer forming たしかに 'certainly'","gloss":"(adverbializer)"},{"surface":"あばれ","lemma":"あばれる","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 違いない ('they had rampaged')","gloss":"made a ruckus"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of あばれ","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle forming 〜に違いない 'must be'","gloss":"(idiom particle)"},{"surface":"違い","lemma":"違い","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with ない","gloss":"doubt"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"adjective","role":"compound with 違い, forms 違いない 'no doubt'","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ない, contrastive","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"quotation particle marking the thought, introduces 考え込ん","gloss":"(quote marker)"},{"surface":"廊下","lemma":"廊下","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 真中","gloss":"corridor"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 廊下","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"真中","lemma":"真中","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 考え","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 真中, location","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"考え","lemma":"考える","morphology":"verb","role":"part of 考え込んでいる 'was pondering'; clause modifies the following clause via と (w19)","gloss":"pondered"},{"surface":"込ん","lemma":"込む","morphology":"verb","role":"compound with 考え, forms 考え込む 'ponder deeply'","gloss":"deeply"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces いる (progressive te-iru)","gloss":"(te-form)"},{"surface":"いる","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"progressive auxiliary of 考え込ん","gloss":"(was -ing)"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"temporal 'when', links 考え込んでいる to the following clause","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"月","lemma":"月","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 向う","gloss":"moon"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"subject marker of さし (within relative clause)","gloss":"(subject marker)"},{"surface":"さし","lemma":"さす","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 向う","gloss":"shines"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces いる (te-iru)","gloss":"(te-form)"},{"surface":"いる","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"progressive auxiliary of さし","gloss":"(is -ing)"},{"surface":"向う","lemma":"向う","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies はずれ","gloss":"far side"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 向う","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"はずれ","lemma":"はずれ","morphology":"noun","role":"location adjunct (marked by で), modifies 響い","gloss":"far end"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking はずれ, locative","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"一二三","lemma":"一二三","morphology":"noun","role":"quoted count, part of the shout 一二三わ","gloss":"one, two, three"},{"surface":"わ","lemma":"わ","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamatory particle, part of the shout 一二三わ","gloss":"waah!"},{"surface":"あと","lemma":"あと","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial 'afterward', modifies 響い","gloss":"after that"},{"surface":"三四","lemma":"三四","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 十人","gloss":"thirty/forty"},{"surface":"十人","lemma":"十人","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 声","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 十人","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"声","lemma":"声","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of かたまっ","gloss":"voices"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 声","gloss":"(subject marker)"},{"surface":"かたまっ","lemma":"かたまる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 響い","gloss":"bunched together"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of かたまっ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"響い","lemma":"響く","morphology":"verb","role":"clausal complement of 思う","gloss":"echoed"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 響い","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 響い, part of かと思う","gloss":"(seemed as if)"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 響い, part of かと思う","gloss":"(quote marker)"},{"surface":"思う","lemma":"思う","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 間","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"間","lemma":"間","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the idiom 間もなく 'no sooner than'","gloss":"moment"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 間, part of 間もなく","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"なく","lemma":"ない","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial 'without pause', modifies the main clause 踏み鳴らした","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"前","lemma":"前","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies よう","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 前","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"よう","lemma":"よう","morphology":"noun","role":"adverbial clause on 取っ","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle forming ように 'as, like', modifies 取っ","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"拍子","lemma":"拍子","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 取っ","gloss":"rhythm"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 拍子","gloss":"(object marker)"},{"surface":"取っ","lemma":"取る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 踏み","gloss":"took up"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 取っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"一同","lemma":"一同","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 踏み","gloss":"everyone"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 一同","gloss":"(subject marker)"},{"surface":"床板","lemma":"床板","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 踏み","gloss":"floorboards"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 床板","gloss":"(object marker)"},{"surface":"踏み","lemma":"踏む","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 鳴らし","gloss":"stamped"},{"surface":"鳴らし","lemma":"鳴らす","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"made resound"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 鳴らし","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":160,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s23","source":"それ見ろ夢じゃないやっぱり事実だ。","translation":"See there — it wasn't a dream after all, it's really happening.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s23.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"それ","lemma":"それ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"exclamatory pronoun 'there!', precedes 見ろ","gloss":"there!"},{"surface":"見ろ","lemma":"見る","morphology":"verb","role":"imperative, standalone exclamation ('Look!')","gloss":"look!"},{"surface":"夢","lemma":"夢","morphology":"noun","role":"predicate noun, complement of copula じゃ (negated)","gloss":"a dream"},{"surface":"じゃ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 夢","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase じゃ, negates the copula","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"やっぱり","lemma":"やっぱり","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 事実","gloss":"after all"},{"surface":"事実","lemma":"事実","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"reality"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 事実","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":161,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s24","source":"静かにしろ、夜なかだぞ、とこっちも負けんくらいな声を出して、廊下を向うへ馳けだした。","translation":"\"Quiet down, it's the middle of the night!\" I shouted, not to be outdone, and went charging down the corridor toward them.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s24.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"静か","lemma":"静か","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on しろ","gloss":"quiet"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"adverbializer, forms 静かに 'quietly'","gloss":"(adverbializer)"},{"surface":"しろ","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"imperative, forms command 静かにしろ 'be quiet!'","gloss":"be!"},{"surface":"夜なか","lemma":"夜なか","morphology":"noun","role":"predicate noun, complement of copula だ","gloss":"midnight"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula forming predicate 夜なかだ","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ぞ","lemma":"ぞ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence-final emphatic particle, marks the exclamation","gloss":"(emphatic)"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"quotation particle marking the shouted words, introduces 出し","gloss":"(quote marker)"},{"surface":"こっち","lemma":"こっち","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of 出し","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking こっち","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"負けん","lemma":"負ける","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 声","gloss":"not to be outdone"},{"surface":"くらい","lemma":"くらい","morphology":"particle","role":"degree particle, forms 負けんくらいな 'to the extent of not losing'","gloss":"to the extent of"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"attributive form linking 負けんくらい to 声","gloss":"(attributive)"},{"surface":"声","lemma":"声","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 出し","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 声","gloss":"(object marker)"},{"surface":"出し","lemma":"出す","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial te-form, modifies 馳けだし","gloss":"let out"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 出し","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"廊下","lemma":"廊下","morphology":"noun","role":"path object (via を) of 馳けだし","gloss":"corridor"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 廊下, path","gloss":"(path marker)"},{"surface":"向う","lemma":"向う","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 馳けだし, direction","gloss":"the other side"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 向う, direction","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"馳","lemma":"馳ける","morphology":"verb","role":"verb stem of 馳ける 'to dash', combines with け (w22) and だし (w23), forms 馳けだす","gloss":"dashed"},{"surface":"け","lemma":"馳ける","morphology":"verb","role":"okurigana completing the stem 馳け of 馳ける","gloss":"(verb ending)"},{"surface":"だし","lemma":"出す","morphology":"verb","role":"auxiliary of 馳け, forms 馳けだす 'dashed off'; main verb of the sentence","gloss":"off"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of だし","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":162,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s25","source":"おれの通る路は暗い、ただはずれに見える月あかりが目標だ。","translation":"The path I ran along was dark, with only the moonlight showing at the far end to aim for.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s25.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies 通る","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"subject marker within the relative clause","gloss":"(subject marker)"},{"surface":"通る","lemma":"通る","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 路","gloss":"ran along"},{"surface":"路","lemma":"路","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 暗い","gloss":"path"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 路","gloss":"(topic marker)"},{"surface":"暗い","lemma":"暗い","morphology":"adjective","role":"predicate adjective of 路, main predicate of the first clause","gloss":"was dark"},{"surface":"ただ","lemma":"ただ","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 見える","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"はずれ","lemma":"はずれ","morphology":"noun","role":"location, adverbial clause on 見える","gloss":"the far end"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking はずれ, locative","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"見える","lemma":"見える","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 月あかり","gloss":"visible"},{"surface":"月","lemma":"月","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with あかり, forms 月あかり 'moonlight'","gloss":"moon"},{"surface":"あかり","lemma":"あかり","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 月; subject of 目標だ","gloss":"-light"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking あかり","gloss":"(subject marker)"},{"surface":"目標","lemma":"目標","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"target"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 目標","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":163,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s26","source":"おれが馳け出して二間も来たかと思うと、廊下の真中で、堅い大きなものに向脛をぶつけて、あ痛いが頭へひびく間に、身体はすとんと前へ抛り出された。","translation":"I'd run about two ken when, in the middle of the corridor, I banged my shin against something hard and solid — and in the instant the \"ouch\" rang through my skull, my body went pitching forward flat.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s26.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of 来","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"馳","lemma":"馳ける","morphology":"verb, continuative stem","role":"compound with 出し","gloss":"dashed","note":"馳ける (かける) is an old spelling of 駆ける, 'to run/dash'."},{"surface":"け","lemma":"馳ける","morphology":"verb, continuative ending","role":"part of 馳け","gloss":"(verb ending)"},{"surface":"出し","lemma":"出す","morphology":"verb, continuative (compound)","role":"adverbial clause on 来","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 出し","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"二","lemma":"二","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies 間","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"間","lemma":"間","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 来","gloss":"ken","note":"A ken is a traditional unit of length, about 1.8 meters."},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 間","gloss":"as much as"},{"surface":"来","lemma":"来る","morphology":"verb","role":"clausal complement of 思う","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 来","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 来","gloss":"(as if)"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 来","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"思う","lemma":"思う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 出さ","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 思う","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"廊下","lemma":"廊下","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 真中","gloss":"corridor"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 廊下","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"真中","lemma":"真中","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of ぶつけ","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 真中","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"堅い","lemma":"堅い","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies もの","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"大きな","lemma":"大きな","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies もの","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"もの","lemma":"もの","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of ぶつけ","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking もの","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"向","lemma":"向","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 脛","gloss":"front","note":"With 脛 forms 向脛 (mukōzune), 'shin'."},{"surface":"脛","lemma":"脛","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of ぶつけ","gloss":"shin"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 脛","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"ぶつけ","lemma":"ぶつける","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 出さ","gloss":"banged"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ぶつけ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"あ","lemma":"あ","morphology":"interjection","role":"compound with 痛い","gloss":"ow"},{"surface":"痛い","lemma":"痛い","morphology":"adjective","role":"subject of ひびく","gloss":"ouch"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 痛い","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"頭","lemma":"頭","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of ひびく","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 頭","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ひびく","lemma":"ひびく","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 間","gloss":"rang"},{"surface":"間","lemma":"間","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 出さ","gloss":"moment"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 間","gloss":"during"},{"surface":"身体","lemma":"身体","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 出さ","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 身体","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"すとん","lemma":"すとん","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on 出さ","gloss":"with a thud"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking すとん","gloss":"(adverbial)"},{"surface":"前","lemma":"前","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 出さ","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 前","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"抛り","lemma":"抛る","morphology":"verb, continuative stem","role":"compound with 出さ","gloss":"flung"},{"surface":"出さ","lemma":"出す","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"れ","lemma":"れる","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 出さ","gloss":"(passive)"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 出さ","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":164,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s27","source":"こん畜生と起き上がってみたが、馳けられない。","translation":"\"Damn it,\" I said, scrambling up, but I couldn't run.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s27.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"こん","lemma":"この","morphology":"determiner","role":"modifies 畜生","gloss":"this","note":"こん is a colloquial contraction of この; こん畜生 is an exclamation, 'damn it!'"},{"surface":"畜生","lemma":"畜生","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 起き","gloss":"beast","note":"A curse word literally meaning 'beast'; used as 'damn it!'"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 畜生","gloss":"quote"},{"surface":"起き","lemma":"起きる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"上がっ","lemma":"上がる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 起き","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 上がっ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"み","lemma":"みる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"tried"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 上がっ","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 上がっ","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"馳","lemma":"馳ける","morphology":"verb, continuative stem","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"run"},{"surface":"けら","lemma":"られる","morphology":"auxiliary verb, potential","role":"adverbial clause on 馳","gloss":"(can)"},{"surface":"れ","lemma":"られる","morphology":"auxiliary verb, potential","role":"auxiliary of けら","gloss":"(potential)"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of けら","gloss":"(not)"}]},{"number":165,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s28","source":"気はせくが、足だけは云う事を利かない。","translation":"My mind was in a hurry, but my legs simply wouldn't obey.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s28.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"気","lemma":"気","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of せく","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 気","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"せく","lemma":"せく","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 利か","gloss":"hurries"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of せく","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"足","lemma":"足","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 利か","gloss":"legs"},{"surface":"だけ","lemma":"だけ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 足","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 足","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"云う","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 事","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"事","lemma":"事","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 利か","gloss":"orders"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 事","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"利か","lemma":"利く","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"obey"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 利か","gloss":"(not)"}]},{"number":166,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s29","source":"じれったいから、一本足で飛んで来たら、もう足音も人声も静まり返って、森としている。","translation":"Impatient, I went hopping along on one foot, and by the time I got there even the footsteps and voices had gone dead quiet — silent as the grave.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s29.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"じれったい","lemma":"じれったい","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on 飛ん","gloss":"impatient"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of じれったい","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"一","lemma":"一","morphology":"numeral","role":"compound with 足","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"本","lemma":"本","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 足","gloss":"(counter)"},{"surface":"足","lemma":"足","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 飛ん","gloss":"foot"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 足","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"飛ん","lemma":"飛ぶ","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 来","gloss":"hopped"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 飛ん","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"来","lemma":"来る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 静まり","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"たら","lemma":"たら","morphology":"auxiliary verb, conditional","role":"auxiliary of 来","gloss":"(when)"},{"surface":"もう","lemma":"もう","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 足音","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"足音","lemma":"足音","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 静まり","gloss":"footsteps"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 足音","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"人声","lemma":"人声","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 静まり","gloss":"voices"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 人声","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"静まり","lemma":"静まる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on し","gloss":"quieted"},{"surface":"返っ","lemma":"返る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on し","gloss":"completely"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 返っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"森","lemma":"森","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of し","gloss":"hushed","note":"森として(いる) is a fixed idiom (森 read しん, cf. 森閑・森然) meaning 'hushed, dead quiet' — not literal 'forest'; the translation ('gone dead quiet — silent as the grave') confirms no forest is meant."},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 森","gloss":"(manner)"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of し","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"いる","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"(state)"}]},{"number":167,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s30","source":"いくら人間が卑怯だって、こんなに卑怯に出来るものじゃない。","translation":"However cowardly people can be, they can't ordinarily manage to be this cowardly.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s30.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"いくら","lemma":"いくら","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 出来る","gloss":"however"},{"surface":"人間","lemma":"人間","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 卑怯","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 人間","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"卑怯","lemma":"卑怯","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on 出来る","gloss":"cowardly"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 卑怯","gloss":"(is)"},{"surface":"って","lemma":"って","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 卑怯","gloss":"even if"},{"surface":"こんな","lemma":"こんな","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on 出来る","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"part of the phrase こんな","gloss":"extent"},{"surface":"卑怯","lemma":"卑怯","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on 出来る","gloss":"cowardly"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 卑怯","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"出来る","lemma":"出来る","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying もの","gloss":"manage"},{"surface":"もの","lemma":"もの","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"じゃ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to もの","gloss":"(is)"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase じゃ","gloss":"(not)"}]},{"number":168,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s31","source":"まるで豚だ。","translation":"Might as well be pigs.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s31.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"まるで","lemma":"まるで","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 豚","gloss":"just like"},{"surface":"豚","lemma":"豚","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"pigs"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 豚","gloss":"(is)"}]},{"number":169,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s32","source":"こうなれば隠れている奴を引きずり出して、あやまらせてやるまではひかないぞと、心を極めて寝室の一つを開けて中を検査しようと思ったが開かない。","translation":"Since it had come to this, I made up my mind to drag out whoever was hiding and make them apologize, and I tried to open one of the dormitory rooms to search it, but it wouldn't open.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s32.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"こう","lemma":"こう","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies なれ","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"なれ","lemma":"なる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 極めて","gloss":"becomes"},{"surface":"ば","lemma":"ば","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of なれ","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"隠れ","lemma":"隠れる","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 奴","gloss":"hides"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 隠れ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"いる","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"(state)"},{"surface":"奴","lemma":"奴","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 引き","gloss":"guy"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 奴","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"引き","lemma":"引く","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on ひか","gloss":"drag"},{"surface":"ずり","lemma":"ずる","morphology":"verb, continuative","role":"adverbial clause on ひか","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"出し","lemma":"出す","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on ひか","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 出し","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"あやまら","lemma":"あやまる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on ひか","gloss":"apologize"},{"surface":"せ","lemma":"せる","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of あやまら","gloss":"(make)"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of あやまら","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"やる","lemma":"やる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"(for them)"},{"surface":"まで","lemma":"まで","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of あやまら","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking まで","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"ひか","lemma":"引く","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the quoted clause","gloss":"relent"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of ひか","gloss":"(not)"},{"surface":"ぞ","lemma":"ぞ","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of ひか","gloss":"(emphasis)"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking ひか","gloss":"quote"},{"surface":"心","lemma":"心","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 極めて","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 心","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"極めて","lemma":"極める","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 開け","gloss":"resolved"},{"surface":"寝室","lemma":"寝室","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies つ","gloss":"dormitory"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 寝室","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"一","lemma":"一","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies つ","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"つ","lemma":"つ","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 開け","gloss":"(one)"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking つ","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"開け","lemma":"開ける","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 検査","gloss":"opened"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 開け","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"中","lemma":"中","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 検査","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 中","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"検査","lemma":"検査","morphology":"verb","role":"clausal complement of 思っ","gloss":"search"},{"surface":"しよう","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 検査","gloss":"(intend to)"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 検査","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"思っ","lemma":"思う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 開か","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 思っ","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 思っ","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"開か","lemma":"開く","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"open"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 開か","gloss":"(not)"}]},{"number":170,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s33","source":"錠をかけてあるのか、机か何か積んで立て懸けてあるのか、押しても、押しても決して開かない。","translation":"Whether it was locked, or had a desk or something propped against it, push as I might, it absolutely would not open.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s33.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"錠","lemma":"錠","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of かけ","gloss":"lock"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 錠","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"かけ","lemma":"かける","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 開か","gloss":"locked"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of かけ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ある","lemma":"ある","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"(state)"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of かけ","gloss":"(nominalizer)"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of かけ","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"机","lemma":"机","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 積ん","gloss":"desk"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 机","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"何","lemma":"何","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of 積ん","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 何","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"積ん","lemma":"積む","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 開か","gloss":"piled"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 積ん","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"立て","lemma":"立てる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 開か","gloss":"propped"},{"surface":"懸け","lemma":"懸ける","morphology":"verb","role":"compound with 立て","gloss":"leaned"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 懸け","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ある","lemma":"ある","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"(state)"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 懸け","gloss":"(nominalizer)"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 懸け","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"押し","lemma":"押す","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 開か","gloss":"pushed"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 押し","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 押し","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"押し","lemma":"押す","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 開か","gloss":"pushed"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 押し","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 押し","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"決して","lemma":"決して","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 開か","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"開か","lemma":"開く","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"open"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 開か","gloss":"(not)"}]},{"number":171,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s34","source":"今度は向う合せの北側の室を試みた。","translation":"Next I tried the room facing it on the north side.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s34.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"今度","lemma":"今度","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 試み","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 今度","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"向う","lemma":"向う","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 合せ","gloss":"facing"},{"surface":"合せ","lemma":"合せ","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 北側","gloss":"opposite"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 合せ","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"北側","lemma":"北側","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 室","gloss":"north side"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 北側","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"室","lemma":"室","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 試み","gloss":"room"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 室","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"試み","lemma":"試みる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"tried"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 試み","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":172,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s35","source":"開かない事はやっぱり同然である。","translation":"Same story — it wouldn't open either.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s35.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"開か","lemma":"開く","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 事","gloss":"open"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 開か","gloss":"(not)"},{"surface":"事","lemma":"事","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 同然","gloss":"fact"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 事","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"やっぱり","lemma":"やっぱり","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 同然","gloss":"likewise"},{"surface":"同然","lemma":"同然","morphology":"adjective","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 同然","gloss":"(is)"},{"surface":"ある","lemma":"ある","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase で","gloss":"(is)"}]},{"number":173,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s36","source":"おれが戸を開けて中に居る奴を引っ捕らまえてやろうと、焦慮てると、また東のはずれで鬨の声と足拍子が始まった。","translation":"Just as I was growing impatient, meaning to open the door and grab whoever was inside, another war-whoop and stamping of feet started up again at the east end.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s36.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of やろう","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"(subject)"},{"surface":"戸","lemma":"戸","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 開け","gloss":"door"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 戸","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"開け","lemma":"開ける","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on やろう","gloss":"open"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 開け","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"中","lemma":"中","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 居る","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 中","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"居る","lemma":"居る","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 奴","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"奴","lemma":"奴","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 捕らまえ","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 奴","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"引","lemma":"引く","morphology":"verb","role":"compound with っ","gloss":"forcibly","note":"引っ捕らまえる is an emphatic compound of 捕らまえる 'catch'; 引 supplies the intensifying force."},{"surface":"っ","lemma":"っ","morphology":"particle","role":"gemination marking 捕らまえ","gloss":"(emphatic)"},{"surface":"捕らまえ","lemma":"捕らまえる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on やろう","gloss":"catch"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 捕らまえ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"やろう","lemma":"やる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 焦慮","gloss":"meaning to"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of やろう","gloss":"(thinking)"},{"surface":"焦慮","lemma":"焦慮","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 始まっ","gloss":"grew impatient"},{"surface":"てる","lemma":"てる","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 焦慮","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 焦慮","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"また","lemma":"また","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"東","lemma":"東","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies はずれ","gloss":"east"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 東","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"はずれ","lemma":"はずれ","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 始まっ","gloss":"end"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking はずれ","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"鬨の声","lemma":"鬨の声","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 拍子","gloss":"war-whoop"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 鬨の声","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"足","lemma":"足","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 拍子","gloss":"foot"},{"surface":"拍子","lemma":"拍子","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 始まっ","gloss":"stamping"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 拍子","gloss":"(subject)"},{"surface":"始まっ","lemma":"始まる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"started"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 始まっ","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":174,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s37","source":"この野郎申し合せて、東西相応じておれを馬鹿にする気だな、とは思ったがさてどうしていいか分らない。","translation":"These rascals must have arranged it between them, east and west answering each other to make a fool of me, I thought, but for the life of me I couldn't figure out what to do about it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s37.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"この","lemma":"この","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of 野郎","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"野郎","lemma":"野郎","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 気","gloss":"rascals"},{"surface":"申し","lemma":"申す","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 気","gloss":"arranged"},{"surface":"合せ","lemma":"合せる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on する","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 合せ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"東西","lemma":"東西","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 応じ","gloss":"east and west"},{"surface":"相","lemma":"相","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 応じ","gloss":"mutually"},{"surface":"応じ","lemma":"応ずる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on する","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 応じ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of する","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"馬鹿","lemma":"馬鹿","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on する","gloss":"a fool"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 馬鹿","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"する","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 気","gloss":"make"},{"surface":"気","lemma":"気","morphology":"noun","role":"adverbial clause on 思っ","gloss":"intention"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 気","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"な","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 気","gloss":"surely","note":"Sentence-final な here marks the speaker's own conviction, not a request for agreement."},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 気","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 気","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"思っ","lemma":"思う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 分ら","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 思っ","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 思っ","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"さて","lemma":"さて","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 分ら","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"どう","lemma":"どう","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies し","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"adverbial clause on 分ら","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of し","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"いい","lemma":"いい","morphology":"adjective","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of し","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"分ら","lemma":"分る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"figure out"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 分ら","gloss":"couldn't"}]},{"number":175,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s38","source":"正直に白状してしまうが、おれは勇気のある割合に智慧が足りない。","translation":"To be perfectly honest, my courage outstrips my cleverness by quite a margin.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s38.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"正直","lemma":"正直","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on 白状","gloss":"honest"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 正直","gloss":"(adverbial)"},{"surface":"白状","lemma":"白状","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 足り","gloss":"confess"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 白状","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 白状","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"しまう","lemma":"しまう","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"go ahead and"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 白状","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 足り","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"勇気","lemma":"勇気","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies ある","gloss":"courage"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 勇気","gloss":"(subject)"},{"surface":"ある","lemma":"ある","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 割合","gloss":"having"},{"surface":"割合","lemma":"割合","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 足り","gloss":"proportion"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 割合","gloss":"relative to"},{"surface":"智慧","lemma":"智慧","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 足り","gloss":"wit"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 智慧","gloss":"(subject)"},{"surface":"足り","lemma":"足りる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is enough"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 足り","gloss":"not"}]},{"number":176,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s39","source":"こんな時にはどうしていいかさっぱりわからない。","translation":"At a time like this I hadn't the faintest idea what to do.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s39.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"こんな","lemma":"こんな","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies 時","gloss":"like this"},{"surface":"時","lemma":"時","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of し","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 時","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 時","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"どう","lemma":"どう","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies し","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"adverbial clause on わから","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of し","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"いい","lemma":"いい","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of し","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"さっぱり","lemma":"さっぱり","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies わから","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"わから","lemma":"わかる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of わから","gloss":"not"}]},{"number":177,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s40","source":"わからないけれども、決して負けるつもりはない。","translation":"I didn't know what to do, but I had absolutely no intention of losing.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s40.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"わから","lemma":"わかる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on ない","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of わから","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"けれど","lemma":"けれど","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of わから","gloss":"although"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking わから","gloss":"(even so)"},{"surface":"決して","lemma":"決して","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 負ける","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"負ける","lemma":"負ける","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying つもり","gloss":"lose"},{"surface":"つもり","lemma":"つもり","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of ない","gloss":"intention"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking つもり","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"adjective","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"had none"}]},{"number":178,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s41","source":"このままに済ましてはおれの顔にかかわる。","translation":"To let this pass unanswered would be a stain on my honor.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s41.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"この","lemma":"この","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of まま","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"まま","lemma":"まま","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 済まし","gloss":"as is"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking まま","gloss":"(adverbial)"},{"surface":"済まし","lemma":"済ます","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on かかわる","gloss":"let pass"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 済まし","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 済まし","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies 顔","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"顔","lemma":"顔","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of かかわる","gloss":"honor"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 顔","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"かかわる","lemma":"かかわる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would stain"}]},{"number":179,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s42","source":"江戸っ子は意気地がないと云われるのは残念だ。","translation":"It'd be a shame to have it said that an Edokko has no backbone.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s42.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"江戸","lemma":"江戸","morphology":"proper noun","role":"compound with っ子","gloss":"Edo"},{"surface":"っ子","lemma":"っ子","morphology":"noun","role":"depends on ない","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking っ子","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"意気地","lemma":"意気地","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of ない","gloss":"backbone"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 意気地","gloss":"(subject)"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"adjective","role":"clausal complement of 云わ","gloss":"has none"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking ない","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"云わ","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"depends on 残念","gloss":"is said"},{"surface":"れる","lemma":"れる","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 云わ","gloss":"(passive)"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 云わ","gloss":"the fact that"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 云わ","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"残念","lemma":"残念","morphology":"adjective","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"a shame"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 残念","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":180,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s43","source":"宿直をして鼻垂れ小僧にからかわれて、手のつけようがなくって、仕方がないから泣き寝入りにしたと思われちゃ一生の名折れだ。","translation":"If word got round that I'd been made a fool of by a pack of snot-nosed brats on night duty, found myself helpless, and swallowed it because there was nothing I could do, I'd be disgraced for life.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s43.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"からかわれて","title":"Passive «からかわれる» (from «からかう»)","body":"«れる/られる» turns «からかう» ('to tease, mock') into the passive 'to be teased/mocked' — the shame Botchan most fears: being made a fool of by his own students."}],"words":[{"surface":"宿直","lemma":"宿直","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of し","gloss":"night duty"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 宿直","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on からかわ","gloss":"doing"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of し","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"鼻垂れ","lemma":"鼻垂れ","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 小僧","gloss":"snot-nosed"},{"surface":"小僧","lemma":"小僧","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of からかわ","gloss":"brats"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 小僧","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"からかわ","lemma":"からかう","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on なくっ","gloss":"was made a fool of"},{"surface":"れ","lemma":"れる","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of からかわ","gloss":"(passive)"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of からかわ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"手","lemma":"手","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies つけ","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 手","gloss":"(attributive)"},{"surface":"つけ","lemma":"つける","morphology":"verb","role":"subject of なくっ","gloss":"handle"},{"surface":"よう","lemma":"よう","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of つけ","gloss":"way to"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking つけ","gloss":"(subject)"},{"surface":"なくっ","lemma":"ない","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on し","gloss":"there being none"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of なくっ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"仕方","lemma":"仕方","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of ない","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 仕方","gloss":"(subject)"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on 泣き","gloss":"there being none"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ない","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"泣き","lemma":"泣く","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on し","gloss":"cried"},{"surface":"寝入り","lemma":"寝入り","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of し","gloss":"myself to sleep"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 寝入り","gloss":"(into)"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"clausal complement of 思わ","gloss":"made it"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of し","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking し","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"思わ","lemma":"思う","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 名折れ","gloss":"is thought"},{"surface":"れ","lemma":"れる","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 思わ","gloss":"(passive)"},{"surface":"ちゃ","lemma":"ちゃ","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 思わ","gloss":"if","note":"ちゃ is the colloquial contraction of ~ては, a conditional 'if/when' marker."},{"surface":"一生","lemma":"一生","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 名折れ","gloss":"lifetime"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 一生","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"名折れ","lemma":"名折れ","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"disgrace"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 名折れ","gloss":"would be"}]},{"number":181,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s44","source":"これでも元は旗本だ。","translation":"Even so, I come from hatamoto stock.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s44.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"これ","lemma":"これ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of 旗本","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking これ","gloss":"(even)"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking これ","gloss":"even so"},{"surface":"元","lemma":"元","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 旗本","gloss":"formerly"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 元","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"旗本","lemma":"旗本","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"hatamoto"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 旗本","gloss":"were"}]},{"number":182,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s45","source":"旗本の元は清和源氏で、多田の満仲の後裔だ。","translation":"Our line descends from the Seiwa Genji, from the line of Tada no Manjū himself.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s45.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"清和源氏・多田の満仲","title":"Seiwa Genji and Tada no Manjū","body":"The Seiwa Genji were a great samurai lineage descended from Emperor Seiwa; Minamoto no Mitsunaka (called Tada no Manjū after his estate at Tada) was an early ancestor. Botchan's boast of noble blood is a real historical claim, however self-servingly deployed here."}],"words":[{"surface":"旗本","lemma":"旗本","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies 元","gloss":"hatamoto"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 旗本","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"元","lemma":"元","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 氏","gloss":"origin"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 元","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"清和","lemma":"清和","morphology":"proper noun","role":"compound with 氏","gloss":"Seiwa"},{"surface":"源","lemma":"源","morphology":"proper noun","role":"compound with 氏","gloss":"Genji"},{"surface":"氏","lemma":"氏","morphology":"noun","role":"clause modifying 後裔","gloss":"clan"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 氏","gloss":"is, and"},{"surface":"多田","lemma":"多田","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies 満仲","gloss":"Tada"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 多田","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"満仲","lemma":"満仲","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies 後裔","gloss":"Manjū"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 満仲","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"後裔","lemma":"後裔","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"descendant"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 後裔","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":183,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s46","source":"こんな土百姓とは生まれからして違うんだ。","translation":"I was born different from these dirt farmers.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s46.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"こんな","lemma":"こんな","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies 百姓","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"土","lemma":"土","morphology":"proper noun","role":"compound with 百姓","gloss":"country"},{"surface":"百姓","lemma":"百姓","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of し","gloss":"bumpkins"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 百姓","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 百姓","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"生まれ","lemma":"生まれ","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of し","gloss":"birth"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 生まれ","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"adverbial clause on 違う","gloss":"even","note":"生まれからして is the idiom 'right from birth, even'; し and て together intensify から."},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of し","gloss":"(and)"},{"surface":"違う","lemma":"違う","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is different"},{"surface":"ん","lemma":"ん","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 違う","gloss":"(the fact is)"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase ん","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":184,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s47","source":"ただ智慧のないところが惜しいだけだ。","translation":"The only pity is I haven't the cleverness to match.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s47.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ただ","lemma":"ただ","morphology":"adverb","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"智慧","lemma":"智慧","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies ない","gloss":"cleverness"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 智慧","gloss":"(subject)"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying ところ","gloss":"lacking"},{"surface":"ところ","lemma":"ところ","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 惜しい","gloss":"the fact"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking ところ","gloss":"(subject)"},{"surface":"惜しい","lemma":"惜しい","morphology":"adjective","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"a pity"},{"surface":"だけ","lemma":"だけ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 惜しい","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 惜しい","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":185,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s48","source":"どうしていいか分らないのが困るだけだ。","translation":"The only trouble is not knowing what to do.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s48.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"どう","lemma":"どう","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies し","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 分ら","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of し","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"いい","lemma":"いい","morphology":"adjective","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of し","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"分ら","lemma":"分る","morphology":"verb","role":"depends on 困る","gloss":"knowing"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 分ら","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 分ら","gloss":"the fact of"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 分ら","gloss":"(subject)"},{"surface":"困る","lemma":"困る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is the trouble"},{"surface":"だけ","lemma":"だけ","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 困る","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 困る","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":186,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s49","source":"困ったって負けるものか。","translation":"Being in trouble doesn't mean I'll lose.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s49.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"困っ","lemma":"困る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 負ける","gloss":"being in trouble"},{"surface":"たって","lemma":"たって","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 困っ","gloss":"even if"},{"surface":"負ける","lemma":"負ける","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying もの","gloss":"lose"},{"surface":"もの","lemma":"もの","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"(the idea)"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking もの","gloss":"as if!","note":"~ものか is a rhetorical negation idiom: 'as if I would ~!' i.e. certainly not."}]},{"number":187,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s50","source":"正直だから、どうしていいか分らないんだ。","translation":"It's precisely because I'm honest that I don't know what to do.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s50.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"正直","lemma":"正直","morphology":"noun (na-adjective)","role":"predicate complement of だ","gloss":"honest"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula, predicate of 正直","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"marks reason clause, modifies 分ら","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"どう","lemma":"どう","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies し","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"forms clause 'what to do', object of 分ら","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"links し to いい","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"いい","lemma":"いい","morphology":"adjective","role":"predicate of the clause, with し","gloss":"is okay"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"marks embedded question, object of 分ら","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"分ら","lemma":"分る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 分ら","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"ん","lemma":"ん","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 分ら","gloss":"(explanatory)","note":"んだ adds an explanatory, emphatic tone to the statement."},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase ん","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":188,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s51","source":"世の中に正直が勝たないで、外に勝つものがあるか、考えてみろ。","translation":"Just think about it — is there anything in this world that beats honesty in the end?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s51.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"世の中","lemma":"世の中","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 勝た","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 世の中","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"正直","lemma":"正直","morphology":"noun (na-adjective)","role":"subject of 勝た","gloss":"honesty"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 正直","gloss":"[subject]"},{"surface":"勝た","lemma":"勝つ","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on ある","gloss":"win"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 勝た","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 勝た","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"外","lemma":"外","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 勝つ","gloss":"elsewhere"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 外","gloss":"besides"},{"surface":"勝つ","lemma":"勝つ","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying もの","gloss":"wins"},{"surface":"もの","lemma":"もの","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of ある","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking もの","gloss":"[subject]"},{"surface":"ある","lemma":"ある","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 考え","gloss":"is there"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of ある","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"考え","lemma":"考える","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"think"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 考え","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"みろ","lemma":"みる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"try"}]},{"number":189,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s52","source":"今夜中に勝てなければ、あした勝つ。","translation":"If I don't win tonight, I'll win tomorrow.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s52.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"今夜","lemma":"今夜","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 中","gloss":"tonight"},{"surface":"中","lemma":"中","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 勝て","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 中","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"勝て","lemma":"勝てる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 勝つ","gloss":"can win"},{"surface":"なけれ","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 勝て","gloss":"if not"},{"surface":"ば","lemma":"ば","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 勝て","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"あした","lemma":"あした","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 勝つ","gloss":"tomorrow"},{"surface":"勝つ","lemma":"勝つ","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"win"}]},{"number":190,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s53","source":"あした勝てなければ、あさって勝つ。","translation":"If I don't win tomorrow, I'll win the day after.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s53.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"あした","lemma":"あした","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 勝て","gloss":"tomorrow"},{"surface":"勝て","lemma":"勝てる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 勝つ","gloss":"can win"},{"surface":"なけれ","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 勝て","gloss":"if not"},{"surface":"ば","lemma":"ば","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 勝て","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"あさって","lemma":"あさって","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 勝つ","gloss":"day after tomorrow"},{"surface":"勝つ","lemma":"勝つ","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"win"}]},{"number":191,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s54","source":"あさって勝てなければ、下宿から弁当を取り寄せて勝つまでここに居る。","translation":"If I don't win the day after, I'll have my meals sent up from my lodgings and stay right here until I do.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s54.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"あさって","lemma":"あさって","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 勝て","gloss":"day after tomorrow"},{"surface":"勝て","lemma":"勝てる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 居る","gloss":"can win"},{"surface":"なけれ","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 勝て","gloss":"if not"},{"surface":"ば","lemma":"ば","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 勝て","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"下宿","lemma":"下宿","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 取り寄せ","gloss":"lodgings"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 下宿","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"弁当","lemma":"弁当","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 取り寄せ","gloss":"meals"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 弁当","gloss":"[object]"},{"surface":"取り","lemma":"取る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 居る","gloss":"fetch"},{"surface":"寄せ","lemma":"寄せる","morphology":"verb","role":"compound with 取り, adverbial clause on 居る","gloss":"have sent"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 寄せ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"勝つ","lemma":"勝つ","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 居る via まで","gloss":"win"},{"surface":"まで","lemma":"まで","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 勝つ","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ここ","lemma":"ここ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of 居る","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking ここ","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"居る","lemma":"居る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stay"}]},{"number":192,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s55","source":"おれはこう決心をしたから、廊下の真中へあぐらをかいて夜のあけるのを待っていた。","translation":"Having made up my mind to that, I sat cross-legged in the middle of the corridor and waited for morning to come.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s55.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of し","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"[topic]"},{"surface":"こう","lemma":"こう","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies し","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"決心","lemma":"決心","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of し","gloss":"resolution"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 決心","gloss":"[object]"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on かい","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of し","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of し","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"廊下","lemma":"廊下","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 真中","gloss":"corridor"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 廊下","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"真中","lemma":"真中","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of かい","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 真中","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"あぐら","lemma":"あぐら","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of かい","gloss":"cross-legged position"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking あぐら","gloss":"[object]"},{"surface":"かい","lemma":"かく","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 待っ","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of かい","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"夜","lemma":"夜","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies あける","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 夜","gloss":"[subject]"},{"surface":"あける","lemma":"あける","morphology":"verb","role":"predicate of 夜, clause modifying の","gloss":"come","note":"あける = for night to dawn/break; the translation renders it as 'come'."},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"nominalizes the clause of あける","gloss":"(that)"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking あける","gloss":"[object]"},{"surface":"待っ","lemma":"待つ","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"waited"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 待っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"い","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 待っ","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":193,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s56","source":"蚊がぶんぶん来たけれども何ともなかった。","translation":"The mosquitoes came buzzing at me, but it didn't bother me in the least.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s56.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"蚊","lemma":"蚊","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 来","gloss":"mosquitoes"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 蚊","gloss":"[subject]"},{"surface":"ぶんぶん","lemma":"ぶんぶん","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 来","gloss":"buzzing"},{"surface":"来","lemma":"来る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on なかっ","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 来","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"けれど","lemma":"けれど","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 来","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 来","gloss":"(but)"},{"surface":"何","lemma":"何","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of なかっ","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 何","gloss":"in any way"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 何","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"なかっ","lemma":"ない","morphology":"adjective","role":"main verb (predicate) of the sentence","gloss":"was not"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of なかっ","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":194,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s57","source":"さっき、ぶつけた向脛を撫でてみると、何だかぬらぬらする。","translation":"When I felt the shin I'd banged earlier, it was strangely sticky.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s57.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"さっき","lemma":"さっき","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ぶつけ","gloss":"earlier"},{"surface":"ぶつけ","lemma":"ぶつける","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 脛","gloss":"banged"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of ぶつけ","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"向","lemma":"向","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 脛","gloss":"front"},{"surface":"脛","lemma":"脛","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 撫で","gloss":"shin"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 脛","gloss":"[object]"},{"surface":"撫で","lemma":"撫でる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on ぬらぬら","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 撫で","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"みる","lemma":"みる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"tried"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 撫で","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"何","lemma":"何","morphology":"pronoun","role":"adverbial clause on ぬらぬら","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 何","gloss":"(link)"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 何","gloss":"(uncertainty)"},{"surface":"ぬらぬら","lemma":"ぬらぬら","morphology":"adverb","role":"main verb (predicate head) of the sentence","gloss":"sticky"},{"surface":"する","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of ぬらぬら","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":195,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s58","source":"血が出るんだろう。","translation":"Must be bleeding.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s58.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"血","lemma":"血","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 出る","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 血","gloss":"[subject]"},{"surface":"出る","lemma":"出る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"comes out"},{"surface":"ん","lemma":"ん","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 出る","gloss":"(explanatory)"},{"surface":"だろう","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase ん","gloss":"must be"}]},{"number":196,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s59","source":"血なんか出たければ勝手に出るがいい。","translation":"If it wants to bleed, let it bleed, for all I care.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s59.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"血","lemma":"血","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 出","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"なんか","lemma":"なんか","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 血","gloss":"or whatever"},{"surface":"出","lemma":"出る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on いい","gloss":"comes out"},{"surface":"たけれ","lemma":"たい","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 出","gloss":"wants to"},{"surface":"ば","lemma":"ば","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 出","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"勝手に","lemma":"勝手に","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 出る","gloss":"freely"},{"surface":"出る","lemma":"出る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on いい","gloss":"comes out"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 出る","gloss":"(permissive)"},{"surface":"いい","lemma":"いい","morphology":"adjective","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"is fine"}]},{"number":197,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s60","source":"そのうち最前からの疲れが出て、ついうとうと寝てしまった。","translation":"Before long, the fatigue from everything before caught up with me, and I dozed off without meaning to.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s60.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"寝てしまった","title":"«〜てしまう» — an unintended, regrettable completion","body":"«てしまう» often marks something that happened against one's will or better judgment: 'I ended up falling asleep' (when Botchan meant to stay awake and keep watch in the corridor)."}],"words":[{"surface":"その","lemma":"その","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of うち","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"うち","lemma":"うち","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 出","gloss":"before long"},{"surface":"最前","lemma":"最前","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 疲れ","gloss":"earlier"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 最前","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 最前","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"疲れ","lemma":"疲れ","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 出","gloss":"fatigue"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 疲れ","gloss":"[subject]"},{"surface":"出","lemma":"出る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 寝","gloss":"emerged"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 出","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"つい","lemma":"つい","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 寝","gloss":"unintentionally"},{"surface":"うとうと","lemma":"うとうと","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 寝","gloss":"drowsily"},{"surface":"寝","lemma":"寝る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"dozed off"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 寝","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"しまっ","lemma":"しまう","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"ended up"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 寝","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":198,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s61","source":"何だか騒がしいので、眼が覚めた時はえっ糞しまったと飛び上がった。","translation":"Some commotion woke me, and finding myself awake I thought, \"damn it, I've slept,\" and leapt up.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s61.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"何","lemma":"何","morphology":"pronoun","role":"adverbial clause on 騒がしい","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 何","gloss":"(link)"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 何","gloss":"(uncertainty)"},{"surface":"騒がしい","lemma":"騒がしい","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial reason clause on 覚め","gloss":"noisy"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"nominalizes the clause of 騒がしい","gloss":"(that)"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase の","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"眼","lemma":"眼","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 覚め","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 眼","gloss":"[subject]"},{"surface":"覚め","lemma":"覚める","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 時","gloss":"woke"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 覚め","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"時","lemma":"時","morphology":"noun","role":"topic of the following clause","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 時","gloss":"[topic]"},{"surface":"えっ","lemma":"えっ","morphology":"interjection","role":"introduces quoted thought, with 糞","gloss":"oh no"},{"surface":"糞","lemma":"糞","morphology":"noun","role":"part of quoted thought, with しまっ","gloss":"damn"},{"surface":"しまっ","lemma":"しまう","morphology":"verb","role":"predicate of quoted thought","gloss":"messed up"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of しまっ","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 糞しまった (quotative)","gloss":"(quote)"},{"surface":"飛び","lemma":"飛ぶ","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"leapt"},{"surface":"上がっ","lemma":"上がる","morphology":"verb","role":"compound with 飛び","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 上がっ","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":199,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s62","source":"おれの坐ってた右側にある戸が半分あいて、生徒が二人、おれの前に立っている。","translation":"The door on my right, where I'd been sitting, was half open, and two students stood in front of me.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s62.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of 坐っ","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"[subject]"},{"surface":"坐っ","lemma":"坐る","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 右側","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces contracted continuous aux (坐ってた)","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 坐っ","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"右側","lemma":"右側","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of ある","gloss":"right side"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 右側","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ある","lemma":"ある","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 戸","gloss":"located"},{"surface":"戸","lemma":"戸","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of あい","gloss":"door"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 戸","gloss":"[subject]"},{"surface":"半分","lemma":"半分","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies あい","gloss":"half"},{"surface":"あい","lemma":"あく","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 立っ","gloss":"was open"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of あい","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"生徒","lemma":"生徒","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 立っ","gloss":"students"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 生徒","gloss":"[subject]"},{"surface":"二人","lemma":"二人","morphology":"noun","role":"quantifier modifying 生徒, adverbial on 立っ","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies 前","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"前","lemma":"前","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 立っ","gloss":"front"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 前","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"立っ","lemma":"立つ","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 立っ","gloss":"(continuous)"},{"surface":"いる","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"(continuous)"}]},{"number":200,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s63","source":"おれは正気に返って、はっと思う途端に、おれの鼻の先にある生徒の足を引っ攫んで、力任せにぐいと引いたら、そいつは、どたりと仰向に倒れた。","translation":"Coming to my senses with a start, I grabbed the nearer boy's leg right in front of my nose and yanked with all my strength, and down he went, flat on his back.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s63.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 返っ","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"正気","lemma":"正気","morphology":"noun","role":"adverbial clause on 返っ","gloss":"senses","note":"正気に返る \"come to one's senses\""},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 正気","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"返っ","lemma":"返る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 引い","gloss":"came back"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 返っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"はっと","lemma":"はっと","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 思う","gloss":"with a start"},{"surface":"思う","lemma":"思う","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 途端","gloss":"realized"},{"surface":"途端","lemma":"途端","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 攫ん","gloss":"moment"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 途端","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 鼻","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"鼻","lemma":"鼻","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 先","gloss":"nose"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 鼻","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"先","lemma":"先","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of ある","gloss":"front"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 先","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ある","lemma":"ある","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 足","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"生徒","lemma":"生徒","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 足","gloss":"student"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 生徒","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"足","lemma":"足","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 攫ん","gloss":"leg"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 足","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"引","lemma":"引く","morphology":"verb stem","role":"compound with 攫ん","gloss":"(intensifier)"},{"surface":"っ","lemma":"っ","morphology":"particle","role":"compound with 攫ん","gloss":"(intensive)"},{"surface":"攫ん","lemma":"攫む","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 引い","gloss":"grabbed"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 攫ん","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"力任せ","lemma":"力任せ","morphology":"noun","role":"adverbial clause on 引い","gloss":"full force"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 力任せ","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ぐい","lemma":"ぐい","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on 引い","gloss":"with a jerk"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking ぐい","gloss":"(manner)"},{"surface":"引い","lemma":"引く","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 倒れ","gloss":"yanked"},{"surface":"たら","lemma":"たら","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 引い","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"そいつ","lemma":"そいつ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of 倒れ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking そいつ","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"どたり","lemma":"どたり","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 倒れ","gloss":"with a thud"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking どたり","gloss":"(manner)"},{"surface":"仰","lemma":"仰","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 向","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"向","lemma":"向","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 倒れ","gloss":"up","note":"仰向 together = \"face up, on one's back\""},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 向","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"倒れ","lemma":"倒れる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 倒れ","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":201,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s64","source":"ざまを見ろ。","translation":"Serves him right.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s64.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ざま","lemma":"ざま","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 見ろ","gloss":"state","note":"idiom ざまを見ろ \"serves you right\""},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking ざま","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"見ろ","lemma":"見る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"look!"}]},{"number":202,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s65","source":"残る一人がちょっと狼狽したところを、飛びかかって、肩を抑えて二三度こづき廻したら、あっけに取られて、眼をぱちぱちさせた。","translation":"The other one, caught off guard for a moment, I sprang on, grabbed him by the shoulder and cuffed him around two or three times, and he blinked in bewilderment.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s65.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"残る","lemma":"残る","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 一人","gloss":"remaining"},{"surface":"一人","lemma":"一人","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 狼狽","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 一人","gloss":"(subject)"},{"surface":"ちょっと","lemma":"ちょっと","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 狼狽","gloss":"a bit"},{"surface":"狼狽","lemma":"狼狽","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying ところ","gloss":"flustered"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 狼狽","gloss":"(did)"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 狼狽","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"ところ","lemma":"ところ","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 飛びかかっ","gloss":"moment"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking ところ","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"飛び","lemma":"飛ぶ","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 抑え","gloss":"sprang"},{"surface":"かかっ","lemma":"かかる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 抑え","gloss":"at him"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of かかっ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"肩","lemma":"肩","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 抑え","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 肩","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"抑え","lemma":"抑える","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 廻し","gloss":"pinned"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 抑え","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"二三","lemma":"二三","morphology":"numeral","role":"compound with 度","gloss":"two or three"},{"surface":"度","lemma":"度","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 廻し","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"こづき","lemma":"こづく","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 廻し","gloss":"poked"},{"surface":"廻し","lemma":"廻す","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 取ら","gloss":"shook"},{"surface":"たら","lemma":"たら","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 廻し","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"あっけ","lemma":"あっけ","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 取ら","gloss":"bewilderment"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking あっけ","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"取ら","lemma":"取る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on ぱちぱち","gloss":"caught"},{"surface":"れ","lemma":"れる","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 取ら","gloss":"(passive)"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 取ら","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"眼","lemma":"眼","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of ぱちぱち","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 眼","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"ぱちぱち","lemma":"ぱちぱち","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies さ","gloss":"blink blink"},{"surface":"さ","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"せ","lemma":"せる","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of さ","gloss":"(causative)"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of さ","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":203,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s66","source":"さあおれの部屋まで来いと引っ立てると、弱虫だと見えて、一も二もなく尾いて来た。","translation":"\"Come with me to my room,\" I said, hauling him along, and, being a coward at heart apparently, he followed along without a word of protest.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s66.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"さあ","lemma":"さあ","morphology":"interjection","role":"introduces the command 来い","gloss":"come on"},{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 部屋","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"部屋","lemma":"部屋","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 来い","gloss":"room"},{"surface":"まで","lemma":"まで","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 部屋","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"来い","lemma":"来る","morphology":"verb","role":"quoted command, complement of 引っ立てる","gloss":"come!"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 来い","gloss":"(quote)"},{"surface":"引っ","lemma":"引く","morphology":"verb stem","role":"compound with 立てる","gloss":"hauled"},{"surface":"立てる","lemma":"立てる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 見え","gloss":"off"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 立てる","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"弱虫","lemma":"弱虫","morphology":"noun","role":"adverbial clause on 見え","gloss":"coward"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 弱虫","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 弱虫","gloss":"(quote)"},{"surface":"見え","lemma":"見える","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on い","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 見え","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"一","lemma":"一","morphology":"numeral","role":"subject of なく","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 一","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"二","lemma":"二","morphology":"numeral","role":"subject of なく","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 二","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"なく","lemma":"ない","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on い","gloss":"without","note":"一も二もなく idiom \"without a word of protest\""},{"surface":"尾","lemma":"追う","morphology":"verb stem","role":"compound with い","gloss":"follow","note":"尾 is an ateji (kun-reading お) standing in for 追う's stem 追い; 尾いて = 追いて \"following\""},{"surface":"い","lemma":"追う","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"followed"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of い","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"来","lemma":"来る","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of い","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":204,"label":"","id":"ch04-p18-s67","source":"夜はとうにあけている。","translation":"By now it was well past dawn.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p18-s67.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"夜","lemma":"夜","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of あけ","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 夜","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"とう","lemma":"とう","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies あけ","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking とう","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"あけ","lemma":"あける","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"dawned"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of あけ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"いる","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"has"}]},{"number":205,"label":"19","id":"ch04-p19-s1","source":"おれが宿直部屋へ連れてきた奴を詰問し始めると、豚は、打っても擲いても豚だから、ただ知らんがなで、どこまでも通す了見と見えて、けっして白状しない。","translation":"When I set about interrogating the pair I'd hauled back to the night-duty room, being pigs — hit them or beat them, pigs is all they are — they just played dumb and stuck to it, refusing to confess no matter what.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p19-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"知らんがな","title":"«知らんがな» — dialect for «知らない»","body":"«〜ん» here is the older/dialectal negative ending in place of standard «〜ない»; «がな» is the same Iyo sentence-tag seen earlier — 'I don't know' delivered with rural stubbornness."}],"words":[{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 連れ","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"(subject)"},{"surface":"宿直","lemma":"宿直","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 部屋","gloss":"night-duty"},{"surface":"部屋","lemma":"部屋","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 連れ","gloss":"room"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 部屋","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"連れ","lemma":"連れる","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 奴","gloss":"brought"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 連れ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"き","lemma":"くる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 連れ","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 連れ","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"奴","lemma":"奴","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 詰問","gloss":"guy"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 奴","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"詰問","lemma":"詰問","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying がな","gloss":"interrogated"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 詰問","gloss":"(did)"},{"surface":"始める","lemma":"始める","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 詰問","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 詰問","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"豚","lemma":"豚","morphology":"noun","role":"topic, resumed by だ","gloss":"pigs"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 豚","gloss":"(topic)"},{"surface":"打っ","lemma":"打つ","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 擲い","gloss":"hit"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 打っ","gloss":"even if"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 打っ","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"擲い","lemma":"擲く","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 豚","gloss":"beat"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 擲い","gloss":"even if"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 擲い","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"豚","lemma":"豚","morphology":"noun","role":"adverbial clause on 知ら","gloss":"pigs"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 豚","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 豚","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"ただ","lemma":"ただ","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 知ら","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"知ら","lemma":"知る","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying がな","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"ん","lemma":"ぬ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 知ら","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"がな","lemma":"がな","morphology":"interjection","role":"adverbial clause on 白状","gloss":"playing dumb","note":"知らんがな, colloquial \"I dunno\" attitude"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to がな","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"どこ","lemma":"どこ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of 通す","gloss":"anywhere"},{"surface":"まで","lemma":"まで","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking どこ","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking どこ","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"通す","lemma":"通す","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 見え","gloss":"stick to it"},{"surface":"了見","lemma":"了見","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 見え","gloss":"intention"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 了見","gloss":"(quote)"},{"surface":"見え","lemma":"見える","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 白状","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 見え","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"けっして","lemma":"けっして","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 白状","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"白状","lemma":"白状","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"confess"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 白状","gloss":"(did)"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 白状","gloss":"not"}]},{"number":206,"label":"","id":"ch04-p19-s2","source":"そのうち一人来る、二人来る、だんだん二階から宿直部屋へ集まってくる。","translation":"Meanwhile more of them kept showing up — one, then another — gradually gathering from the second floor down to the night-duty room.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p19-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"その","lemma":"その","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of うち","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"うち","lemma":"うち","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 一人","gloss":"before long"},{"surface":"一人","lemma":"一人","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 来る","gloss":"one person"},{"surface":"来る","lemma":"来る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 集まっ","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"二人","lemma":"二人","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 来る","gloss":"two people"},{"surface":"来る","lemma":"来る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 集まっ","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"だんだん","lemma":"だんだん","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 集まっ","gloss":"gradually"},{"surface":"二","lemma":"二","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies 階","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"階","lemma":"階","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 集まっ","gloss":"floor"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 階","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"宿直","lemma":"宿直","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 部屋","gloss":"night-duty"},{"surface":"部屋","lemma":"部屋","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 集まっ","gloss":"room"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 部屋","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"集まっ","lemma":"集まる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gather"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 集まっ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"くる","lemma":"くる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"come"}]},{"number":207,"label":"","id":"ch04-p19-s3","source":"見るとみんな眠そうに瞼をはらしている。","translation":"Looking them over, they were all drooping sleepy-eyed.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p19-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"見る","lemma":"見る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on はらし","gloss":"looking"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 見る","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"みんな","lemma":"みんな","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies はらし","gloss":"everyone"},{"surface":"眠","lemma":"眠い","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on はらし","gloss":"sleepy"},{"surface":"そう","lemma":"そう","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 眠","gloss":"seemingly"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 眠そう","gloss":"-ly"},{"surface":"瞼","lemma":"瞼","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of はらし","gloss":"eyelids"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 瞼","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"はらし","lemma":"はらす","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"were puffy"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of はらし","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"いる","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"were"}]},{"number":208,"label":"","id":"ch04-p19-s4","source":"けちな奴等だ。","translation":"Stingy little wretches, the lot of them.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p19-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"けち","lemma":"けち","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 等","gloss":"stingy"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"attributive auxiliary of けち","gloss":"(attrib.)"},{"surface":"奴","lemma":"奴","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 等","gloss":"guys"},{"surface":"等","lemma":"等","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"lot"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 等","gloss":"are"}]},{"number":209,"label":"","id":"ch04-p19-s5","source":"一晩ぐらい寝ないで、そんな面をして男と云われるか。","translation":"Do they call it manly, going about with faces like that after not sleeping a wink all night?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p19-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"一","lemma":"一","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies 晩","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"晩","lemma":"晩","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 寝","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"ぐらい","lemma":"ぐらい","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 晩","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"寝","lemma":"寝る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on し","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 寝","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 寝","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"そんな","lemma":"そんな","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies 面","gloss":"such a"},{"surface":"面","lemma":"面","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of し","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 面","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 云わ","gloss":"making"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of し","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"男","lemma":"男","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 云わ","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 男","gloss":"(quote)"},{"surface":"云わ","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"れる","lemma":"れる","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 云わ","gloss":"(passive)"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the clause of 云わ","gloss":"(question)"}]},{"number":210,"label":"","id":"ch04-p19-s6","source":"面でも洗って議論に来いと云ってやったが、誰も面を洗いに行かない。","translation":"\"Go wash your faces and then come argue with me,\" I told them, but not one of them went off to wash.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p19-s6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"面","lemma":"面","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 洗っ","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 面","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 面","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"洗っ","lemma":"洗う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 来い","gloss":"wash"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 洗っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"議論","lemma":"議論","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 来い","gloss":"argument"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 議論","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"来い","lemma":"来る","morphology":"verb","role":"clausal complement of 云っ","gloss":"come!"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 来い","gloss":"(quote)"},{"surface":"云っ","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on やっ","gloss":"told"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 云っ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"やっ","lemma":"やる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 行か","gloss":"(did for them)"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of やっ","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of やっ","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"誰","lemma":"誰","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of 行か","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 誰","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"面","lemma":"面","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 洗い","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 面","gloss":"(object)"},{"surface":"洗い","lemma":"洗う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 行か","gloss":"wash"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 洗い","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"行か","lemma":"行く","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 行か","gloss":"not"}]},{"number":211,"label":"20","id":"ch04-p20-s1","source":"おれは五十人あまりを相手に約一時間ばかり押問答をしていると、ひょっくり狸がやって来た。","translation":"I was in the middle of about an hour's back-and-forth with fifty-odd of them when, all of a sudden, the Badger came ambling in.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p20-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of し","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"topic marker"},{"surface":"五","lemma":"五","morphology":"numeral","role":"compound with 十人, forms 五十人 'fifty'","gloss":"five"},{"surface":"十人","lemma":"十人","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 五, forms 五十人","gloss":"ten people"},{"surface":"あまり","lemma":"あまり","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 五十人 (approximation)","gloss":"-odd"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking あまり","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"相手","lemma":"相手","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of し, idiom 相手にする","gloss":"opponents"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 相手","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"約","lemma":"約","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 一時間","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"一","lemma":"一","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies 時間","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"時間","lemma":"時間","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of し","gloss":"hour"},{"surface":"ばかり","lemma":"ばかり","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 時間, approximation","gloss":"or so"},{"surface":"押","lemma":"押問答","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 問答","gloss":"back-and-forth","note":"押問答 'wrangling, argument' is one compound noun split across two tokens."},{"surface":"問答","lemma":"問答","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of し, compound with 押","gloss":"argument"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 問答","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 来 (していると)","gloss":"was doing"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"connects し to いる (progressive)","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"いる","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"auxiliary of し, progressive marker","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of やっ来","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ひょっくり","lemma":"ひょっくり","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies やって来た","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"狸","lemma":"狸","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of やっ来","gloss":"the Badger"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 狸","gloss":"subject marker"},{"surface":"やっ","lemma":"やる","morphology":"verb","role":"compound with 来, forms やって来る 'came along'","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"connects やっ to 来","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"来","lemma":"来る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 来","gloss":"past"}]},{"number":212,"label":"","id":"ch04-p20-s2","source":"あとから聞いたら、小使が学校に騒動がありますって、わざわざ知らせに行ったのだそうだ。","translation":"I heard afterward that the janitor had gone out of his way to tell him there was a commotion at the school.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p20-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"あと","lemma":"あと","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 聞い","gloss":"afterward"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking あと","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"聞い","lemma":"聞く","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 行っ","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"たら","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 聞い, conditional","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"小使","lemma":"小使","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 行っ","gloss":"the janitor"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 小使","gloss":"subject marker"},{"surface":"学校","lemma":"学校","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of あり","gloss":"at school"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 学校","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"騒動","lemma":"騒動","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of あり","gloss":"commotion"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 騒動","gloss":"subject marker"},{"surface":"あり","lemma":"ある","morphology":"verb","role":"quoted content, introduces 知ら via って","gloss":"there is"},{"surface":"ます","lemma":"ます","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of あり","gloss":"polite"},{"surface":"って","lemma":"って","morphology":"particle","role":"marks quotation, introduces 知ら","gloss":"that","note":"って here is the colloquial quotative particle, like と言って."},{"surface":"わざわざ","lemma":"わざわざ","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 知ら","gloss":"deliberately"},{"surface":"知ら","lemma":"知る","morphology":"verb","role":"purpose clause on 行っ","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"せ","lemma":"せる","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 知ら, causative","gloss":"causative"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 知らせ, purpose","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"行っ","lemma":"行く","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 行っ","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 行っ, nominalizer","gloss":"explanatory"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase の","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"そう","lemma":"そうだ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 行っ, hearsay marker","gloss":"I heard"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 行っ, part of そうだ","gloss":"is","note":"そうだ here is the hearsay auxiliary ('I heard that...'), not the copula."}]},{"number":213,"label":"","id":"ch04-p20-s3","source":"これしきの事に、校長を呼ぶなんて意気地がなさ過ぎる。","translation":"To call in the principal over a thing this trifling shows a shocking lack of backbone.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p20-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"これしき","lemma":"これしき","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies 事","gloss":"this trifling"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking これしき","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"事","lemma":"事","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of なさ","gloss":"a matter"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 事","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"校長","lemma":"校長","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 呼ぶ","gloss":"the principal"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 校長","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"呼ぶ","lemma":"呼ぶ","morphology":"verb","role":"subject clause of なさ","gloss":"call in"},{"surface":"なんて","lemma":"なんて","morphology":"particle","role":"marks 呼ぶ as subject of なさ","gloss":"the idea of","note":"なんて marks the preceding clause with a dismissive 'the very idea of' tone."},{"surface":"意気地","lemma":"意気地","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of なさ","gloss":"backbone"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 意気地","gloss":"subject marker"},{"surface":"なさ","lemma":"ない","morphology":"adjective","role":"compound with 過ぎる","gloss":"lacking"},{"surface":"過ぎる","lemma":"過ぎる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"far too"}]},{"number":214,"label":"","id":"ch04-p20-s4","source":"それだから中学校の小使なんぞをしてるんだ。","translation":"That's exactly why he's stuck being a middle-school janitor.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p20-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"それ","lemma":"それ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"topic of だから","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to それ","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of し","gloss":"that's why"},{"surface":"中","lemma":"中","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 学校","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"学校","lemma":"学校","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 小使","gloss":"school"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 学校","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"小使","lemma":"小使","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of し","gloss":"janitor"},{"surface":"なんぞ","lemma":"なんぞ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 小使","gloss":"the likes of","note":"なんぞ is a belittling 'such as, the likes of' particle."},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 小使","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is being"},{"surface":"てる","lemma":"てる","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of し, progressive","gloss":"stuck -ing"},{"surface":"ん","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of し, nominalizer","gloss":"explanatory"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase ん","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":215,"label":"21","id":"ch04-p21-s1","source":"校長はひと通りおれの説明を聞いた。","translation":"The principal heard my account of things through once.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p21-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"校長","lemma":"校長","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 聞い","gloss":"the principal"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 校長","gloss":"topic marker"},{"surface":"ひと通り","lemma":"ひと通り","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 聞い","gloss":"once through"},{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies 説明","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"説明","lemma":"説明","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 聞い","gloss":"account"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 説明","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"聞い","lemma":"聞く","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 聞い","gloss":"past"}]},{"number":216,"label":"","id":"ch04-p21-s2","source":"生徒の言草もちょっと聞いた。","translation":"He also listened a little to what the students had to say for themselves.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p21-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"生徒","lemma":"生徒","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 言草","gloss":"the students'"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 生徒","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"言草","lemma":"言草","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 聞い","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 言草, also object marker","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ちょっと","lemma":"ちょっと","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 聞い","gloss":"a little"},{"surface":"聞い","lemma":"聞く","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"listened"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 聞い","gloss":"past"}]},{"number":217,"label":"","id":"ch04-p21-s3","source":"追って処分するまでは、今まで通り学校へ出ろ。","translation":"\"Until further disciplinary action is decided, come to school as usual.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p21-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"出ろ","title":"«出ろ» — plain imperative","body":"The bare imperative of «出る» ('to go out, attend'), the principal's blunt command form to the assembled students — brisk and administrative rather than harsh."}],"words":[{"surface":"追っ","lemma":"追って","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 処分する, idiom 追って","gloss":"later on"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of 追って ('later')","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"処分","lemma":"処分","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies まで","gloss":"disciplinary action"},{"surface":"する","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"predicate of 処分, modifies まで","gloss":"take action"},{"surface":"まで","lemma":"まで","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 処分する","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking まで","gloss":"topic marker"},{"surface":"今","lemma":"今","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 出ろ","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"まで","lemma":"まで","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 今","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"通り","lemma":"通り","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 出ろ","gloss":"as usual"},{"surface":"学校","lemma":"学校","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 出ろ","gloss":"school"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 学校","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"出ろ","lemma":"出る","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"come"}]},{"number":218,"label":"","id":"ch04-p21-s4","source":"早く顔を洗って、朝飯を食わないと時間に間に合わないから、早くしろと云って寄宿生をみんな放免した。","translation":"Hurry up, wash your faces, and eat breakfast, or you won't be on time,\" he said, and let all the boarders go free.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p21-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"早く","lemma":"早い","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies 洗っ","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"顔","lemma":"顔","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 洗っ","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 顔","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"洗っ","lemma":"洗う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 食わ","gloss":"wash"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"connects 洗っ to 食わ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"朝飯","lemma":"朝飯","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 食わ","gloss":"breakfast"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 朝飯","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"食わ","lemma":"食う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 間に合わ","gloss":"eat"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 食わ","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 食わ, conditional","gloss":"if...not"},{"surface":"時間","lemma":"時間","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 間に合わ","gloss":"in time"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 時間","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"間に合わ","lemma":"間に合う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 云っ","gloss":"make it in time"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 間に合わ","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 云っ","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"早く","lemma":"早い","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies しろ","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"しろ","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"predicate of quoted command, complement of 云っ","gloss":"do it"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"marks quotation, introduces 云っ","gloss":"quote marker"},{"surface":"云っ","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 放免","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"connects 云っ to 放免","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"寄宿","lemma":"寄宿","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 生","gloss":"boarding"},{"surface":"生","lemma":"生","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 放免","gloss":"students"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 生","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"みんな","lemma":"みんな","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 放免","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"放免","lemma":"放免","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"released"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 放免","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 放免","gloss":"past"}]},{"number":219,"label":"","id":"ch04-p21-s5","source":"手温るい事だ。","translation":"Awfully soft-handed of him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p21-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"手","lemma":"手ぬるい","morphology":"noun","role":"compound, part of 手ぬるい","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"温","lemma":"手ぬるい","morphology":"noun","role":"compound, part of 手ぬるい","gloss":"warm"},{"surface":"るい","lemma":"手ぬるい","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies 事, compound 手ぬるい 'lenient'","gloss":"halfhearted","note":"手ぬるい (here spelled 手温るい) is one word meaning 'too lenient, soft', split across three tokens by the tagger."},{"surface":"事","lemma":"事","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"a thing"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 事","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":220,"label":"","id":"ch04-p21-s6","source":"おれなら即席に寄宿生をことごとく退校してしまう。","translation":"If it were up to me, I'd expel the whole lot of them on the spot.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p21-s6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"topic of なら, conditional","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"なら","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of おれ, conditional marker","gloss":"if it were"},{"surface":"即席","lemma":"即席","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 退校","gloss":"on the spot"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 即席","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"寄宿","lemma":"寄宿","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 生","gloss":"boarding"},{"surface":"生","lemma":"生","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 退校","gloss":"students"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 生","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"ことごとく","lemma":"ことごとく","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 退校","gloss":"all of them"},{"surface":"退校","lemma":"退校","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"expel"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 退校","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"connects 退校し to しまう","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"しまう","lemma":"しまう","morphology":"verb","role":"auxiliary of 退校, completive aspect","gloss":"completely"}]},{"number":221,"label":"","id":"ch04-p21-s7","source":"こんな悠長な事をするから生徒が宿直員を馬鹿にするんだ。","translation":"It's exactly this kind of leniency that lets the students make a fool of the man on night duty.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p21-s7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"こんな","lemma":"こんな","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies 悠長","gloss":"this kind of"},{"surface":"悠長","lemma":"悠長","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies 事","gloss":"lax"},{"surface":"な","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"attributive linker on 悠長","gloss":"adjective marker"},{"surface":"事","lemma":"事","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of する (w6)","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 事","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"する","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 馬鹿にする (main clause)","gloss":"doing"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the reason clause on 馬鹿にする","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"生徒","lemma":"生徒","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of する (w15)","gloss":"the students"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 生徒","gloss":"subject marker"},{"surface":"宿直","lemma":"宿直","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 員","gloss":"night duty"},{"surface":"員","lemma":"員","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of する (w15)","gloss":"the man"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 員","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"馬鹿","lemma":"馬鹿","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with に, idiom 馬鹿にする","gloss":"a fool"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 馬鹿, forms 馬鹿にする","gloss":"of","note":"馬鹿にする 'make a fool of' — the tagger mislabeled this に as the copula だ."},{"surface":"する","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"make"},{"surface":"ん","lemma":"の","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of する (w15), nominalizer","gloss":"explanatory"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"part of the phrase ん","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":222,"label":"","id":"ch04-p21-s8","source":"その上おれに向って、あなたもさぞご心配でお疲れでしょう、今日はご授業に及ばんと云うから、おれはこう答えた。","translation":"On top of that, he said to me, \"You must be quite worried and worn out — you needn't teach your classes today,\" and I answered him like this:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p21-s8.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"お疲れでしょう","title":"«お〜でしょう» — polite sympathetic register","body":"«お» + verb stem (連用形) + «でしょう» — 疲れ is the stem of the verb «疲れる», 'to get tired' — is a softening, faintly deferential way of expressing concern ('you must be tired') — the principal's smooth, official courtesy that Botchan finds almost too slick to trust."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"及ばん","title":"«〜ん» — classical/formal negative for «〜ない»","body":"«及ばん» = «及ばない» ('there is no need to'). The older «〜ん» negative ending, still current in Meiji-era formal and dialectal speech alike, gives the principal's dismissal a clipped, old-fashioned politeness."}],"words":[{"surface":"その","lemma":"その","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of 上","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"上","lemma":"上","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 向っ, idiom その上","gloss":"on top of"},{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of 向っ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"向っ","lemma":"向う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 云う","gloss":"turned to"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"connects 向っ to 云う","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"あなた","lemma":"あなた","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of でしょう","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking あなた","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"さぞ","lemma":"さぞ","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 心配","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"ご","lemma":"ご","morphology":"prefix","role":"honorific prefix on 心配","gloss":"honorific"},{"surface":"心配","lemma":"心配","morphology":"noun","role":"coordinate predicate with 疲れ, modifies でしょう","gloss":"worried"},{"surface":"で","lemma":"で","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 心配, connective","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"お","lemma":"お","morphology":"prefix","role":"honorific prefix on 疲れ","gloss":"honorific"},{"surface":"疲れ","lemma":"疲れ","morphology":"noun","role":"predicate, modifies でしょう","gloss":"worn out"},{"surface":"でしょう","lemma":"です","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 疲れ, conjecture","gloss":"must be"},{"surface":"今日","lemma":"今日","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 及ば","gloss":"today"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 今日","gloss":"topic marker"},{"surface":"ご","lemma":"ご","morphology":"prefix","role":"honorific prefix on 授業","gloss":"honorific"},{"surface":"授業","lemma":"授業","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 及ば","gloss":"teaching"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 授業","gloss":"to (the extent of)"},{"surface":"及ば","lemma":"及ぶ","morphology":"verb","role":"clausal complement of 云う","gloss":"go so far as","note":"ご授業に及ばん idiomatically means 'you needn't go as far as teaching', i.e. classes can be skipped."},{"surface":"ん","lemma":"ぬ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 及ば, negation","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"marks quotation, introduces 云う","gloss":"quote marker"},{"surface":"云う","lemma":"云う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 答え","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces reason clause on 答え","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of 答え","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"topic marker"},{"surface":"こう","lemma":"こう","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 答え","gloss":"like this"},{"surface":"答え","lemma":"答える","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 答え","gloss":"past"}]},{"number":223,"label":"","id":"ch04-p21-s9","source":"「いえ、ちっとも心配じゃありません。こんな事が毎晩あっても、命のある間は心配にゃなりません。授業はやります、一晩ぐらい寝なくって、授業が出来ないくらいなら、頂戴した月給を学校の方へ割戻します」校長は何と思ったものか、しばらくおれの顔を見つめていたが、しかし顔が大分はれていますよと注意した。","translation":"\"No, I'm not the least bit worried. Even if this happened every single night, so long as I'm alive I won't worry about it. I'll take my classes — if I couldn't teach after missing one night's sleep, I'd hand back the salary I've been paid to the school.\" The principal, for whatever reason, gazed at my face for a while, then remarked that my face had swollen up quite a bit.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p21-s9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"いえ","lemma":"いえ","morphology":"interjection","role":"interjection opening the reply","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"ちっとも","lemma":"ちっとも","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies じゃありません","gloss":"not at all"},{"surface":"心配","lemma":"心配","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the predicate","gloss":"worried"},{"surface":"じゃ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula of 心配","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"あり","lemma":"ある","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase じゃ","gloss":"exist"},{"surface":"ませ","lemma":"ます","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 心配","gloss":"(polite)"},{"surface":"ん","lemma":"ぬ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 心配","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"こんな","lemma":"こんな","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies 事","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"事","lemma":"事","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of あっ","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 事","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"毎晩","lemma":"毎晩","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies あっ","gloss":"every night"},{"surface":"あっ","lemma":"ある","morphology":"verb","role":"verb of the concessive clause","gloss":"happens"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of あっ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"も","lemma":"も","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking あっ","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"命","lemma":"命","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of ある","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 命 (subject)","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"ある","lemma":"ある","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 間","gloss":"exists"},{"surface":"間","lemma":"間","morphology":"noun","role":"temporal modifier of なり","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 間","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"心配","lemma":"心配","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of なり","gloss":"worried"},{"surface":"にゃ","lemma":"には","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 心配","gloss":"to","note":"にゃ is a colloquial contraction of には."},{"surface":"なり","lemma":"なる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"ませ","lemma":"ます","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of なり","gloss":"(polite)"},{"surface":"ん","lemma":"ぬ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of なり","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"授業","lemma":"授業","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of やり","gloss":"classes"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 授業","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"やり","lemma":"やる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the clause","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"ます","lemma":"ます","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of やり","gloss":"(polite)"},{"surface":"一","lemma":"一","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies 晩","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"晩","lemma":"晩","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 寝","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"ぐらい","lemma":"ぐらい","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 晩","gloss":"even just"},{"surface":"寝","lemma":"寝る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 出来","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"なくっ","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 寝","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 寝","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"授業","lemma":"授業","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 出来","gloss":"class"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 授業","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"出来","lemma":"出来る","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 割戻","gloss":"can teach"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 出来","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"くらい","lemma":"くらい","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 出来 (extent)","gloss":"to that extent"},{"surface":"なら","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 出来","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"頂戴","lemma":"頂戴","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying 月給","gloss":"received"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 頂戴","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 頂戴","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"月給","lemma":"月給","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 割戻","gloss":"salary"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 月給","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"学校","lemma":"学校","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies 方","gloss":"school"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 学校","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"方","lemma":"方","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 割戻","gloss":"direction"},{"surface":"へ","lemma":"へ","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 方","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"割戻","lemma":"割り戻す","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the conditional clause","gloss":"pay back"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 割戻","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"ます","lemma":"ます","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 割戻","gloss":"(polite)"},{"surface":"校長","lemma":"校長","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 思っ","gloss":"principal"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 校長","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"何","lemma":"何","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of 思っ","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 何","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"思っ","lemma":"思う","morphology":"verb","role":"clause modifying もの","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 思っ","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"もの","lemma":"もの","morphology":"noun","role":"nominal complement of 思っ","gloss":"reason"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking もの","gloss":"(uncertain)"},{"surface":"しばらく","lemma":"しばらく","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 見つめ","gloss":"for a while"},{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessor of 顔","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"の","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"顔","lemma":"顔","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 見","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 顔","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"見","lemma":"見る","morphology":"verb","role":"verb, part of 見つめ","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"つめ","lemma":"つめる","morphology":"verb","role":"verb, part of 見つめ","gloss":"fixedly"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of つめ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"い","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"(ongoing)"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of つめ","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links to 注意 clause","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"しかし","lemma":"しかし","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"however"},{"surface":"顔","lemma":"顔","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of はれ","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 顔","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"大分","lemma":"大分","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies はれ","gloss":"quite a bit"},{"surface":"はれ","lemma":"はれる","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the quoted clause","gloss":"swollen"},{"surface":"て","lemma":"て","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of はれ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"い","lemma":"いる","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase て","gloss":"(ongoing)"},{"surface":"ます","lemma":"ます","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of はれ","gloss":"(polite)"},{"surface":"よ","lemma":"よ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence-final particle on はれ","gloss":"you know"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking はれ","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"注意","lemma":"注意","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"remarked"},{"surface":"し","lemma":"する","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 注意","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 注意","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":224,"label":"","id":"ch04-p21-s10","source":"なるほど何だか少々重たい気がする。","translation":"Come to think of it, it did feel a little heavy.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p21-s10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"なるほど","lemma":"なるほど","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the clause","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"何","lemma":"何","morphology":"pronoun","role":"adverbial clause on する","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"だ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 何","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"か","lemma":"か","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 何","gloss":"or something"},{"surface":"少々","lemma":"少々","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 重たい","gloss":"a little"},{"surface":"重たい","lemma":"重たい","morphology":"adjective","role":"clause modifying 気","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"気","lemma":"気","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of する","gloss":"feeling"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 気","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"する","lemma":"する","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"feels"}]},{"number":225,"label":"","id":"ch04-p21-s11","source":"その上べた一面痒い。","translation":"On top of that it itched all over.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p21-s11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"その","lemma":"その","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of 上","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"上","lemma":"上","morphology":"noun","role":"adverbial modifier of 痒い","gloss":"on top"},{"surface":"べた","lemma":"べた","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies 一面","gloss":"entirely"},{"surface":"一面","lemma":"一面","morphology":"noun","role":"adverbial clause on 痒い","gloss":"all over"},{"surface":"痒い","lemma":"痒い","morphology":"adjective","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"itchy"}]},{"number":226,"label":"","id":"ch04-p21-s12","source":"蚊がよっぽと刺したに相違ない。","translation":"The mosquitoes must have bitten me plenty.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p21-s12.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"蚊","lemma":"蚊","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 刺し","gloss":"mosquitoes"},{"surface":"が","lemma":"が","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 蚊","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"よっ","lemma":"よほど","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 刺し (part of よほど split)","gloss":"quite","note":"Tokenizer split the adverb よほど/よっぽど ('very much') into よっ + ぽと; together they mean 'quite a lot'."},{"surface":"ぽと","lemma":"よほど","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 刺し (part of よほど split)","gloss":"a lot"},{"surface":"刺し","lemma":"刺す","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on ない","gloss":"bit"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 刺し","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 刺し","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"相違","lemma":"相違","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with ない","gloss":"mistake"},{"surface":"ない","lemma":"ない","morphology":"adjective","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"none"}]},{"number":227,"label":"","id":"ch04-p21-s13","source":"おれは顔中ぼりぼり掻きながら、顔はいくら膨れたって、口はたしかにきけますから、授業には差し支えませんと答えた。","translation":"Scratching at my face all over, I answered that however swollen my face got, my mouth could still talk just fine, so there'd be no trouble teaching.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p21-s13.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"おれ","lemma":"おれ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of 掻き","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking おれ","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"顔","lemma":"顔","morphology":"noun","role":"compound with 中","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"中","lemma":"中","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 掻き","gloss":"all over"},{"surface":"ぼりぼり","lemma":"ぼりぼり","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 掻き","gloss":"vigorously"},{"surface":"掻き","lemma":"掻く","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 膨れ","gloss":"scratching"},{"surface":"ながら","lemma":"ながら","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 掻き","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"顔","lemma":"顔","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 膨れ","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 顔","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"いくら","lemma":"いくら","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 膨れ","gloss":"however much"},{"surface":"膨れ","lemma":"膨れる","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on きけ","gloss":"swells"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 膨れ","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"って","lemma":"って","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 膨れ","gloss":"even if"},{"surface":"口","lemma":"口","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of きけ","gloss":"mouth"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 口","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"たしか","lemma":"たしか","morphology":"adjective","role":"adverbial clause on きけ","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbializer on たしか","gloss":"certainly"},{"surface":"きけ","lemma":"きける","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 答え","gloss":"can talk"},{"surface":"ます","lemma":"ます","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of きけ","gloss":"(polite)"},{"surface":"から","lemma":"から","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of きけ","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"授業","lemma":"授業","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of 答え","gloss":"class"},{"surface":"に","lemma":"に","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 授業","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 授業","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"差し","lemma":"差し支える","morphology":"verb","role":"clausal complement of 答え","gloss":"interfere"},{"surface":"支え","lemma":"差し支える","morphology":"verb","role":"clausal complement of 答え","gloss":"(compound)"},{"surface":"ませ","lemma":"ます","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 支え","gloss":"(polite)"},{"surface":"ん","lemma":"ぬ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 支え","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 支え","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"答え","lemma":"答える","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 答え","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":228,"label":"","id":"ch04-p21-s14","source":"校長は笑いながら、大分元気ですねと賞めた。","translation":"The principal laughed and praised me, saying I was in fine spirits.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p21-s14.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"校長","lemma":"校長","morphology":"noun","role":"subject of 笑い","gloss":"principal"},{"surface":"は","lemma":"は","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 校長","gloss":"topic"},{"surface":"笑い","lemma":"笑う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 賞め","gloss":"laughing"},{"surface":"ながら","lemma":"ながら","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of 笑い","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"大分","lemma":"大分","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies 元気","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"元気","lemma":"元気","morphology":"adjective","role":"predicate of the quoted clause","gloss":"energetic"},{"surface":"です","lemma":"です","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to 元気","gloss":"(polite)"},{"surface":"ね","lemma":"ね","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence-final particle on 元気","gloss":"right?"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 元気","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"賞め","lemma":"褒める","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"praised"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 賞め","gloss":"(past)"}]},{"number":229,"label":"","id":"ch04-p21-s15","source":"実を云うと賞めたんじゃあるまい、ひやかしたんだろう。","translation":"To tell the truth, he probably wasn't praising me — more likely poking fun.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/botchan/ch04-p21-s15.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"実","lemma":"実","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of 云う","gloss":"truth"},{"surface":"を","lemma":"を","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 実","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"云う","lemma":"言う","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on 賞め","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"と","lemma":"と","morphology":"particle","role":"particle marking 云う","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"賞め","lemma":"褒める","morphology":"verb","role":"adverbial clause on ひやかし","gloss":"praised"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 賞め","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"ん","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"nominalizes 賞め","gloss":"the fact"},{"surface":"じゃ","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to ん","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ある","lemma":"ある","morphology":"verb","role":"part of the phrase じゃ","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"まい","lemma":"まい","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of 賞め","gloss":"probably not"},{"surface":"ひやかし","lemma":"冷やかす","morphology":"verb","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"teased"},{"surface":"た","lemma":"た","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"auxiliary of ひやかし","gloss":"(past)"},{"surface":"ん","lemma":"の","morphology":"particle","role":"nominalizes ひやかし","gloss":"the fact"},{"surface":"だろう","lemma":"だ","morphology":"auxiliary verb","role":"copula linking to ん","gloss":"probably"}]}]}