{"work":{"slug":"deledda","title":{"source":"I giuochi della vita","translated":"The Games of Life"},"author":"Grazia Deledda","language":"Italian","languageCode":"it","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/deledda"},"unit":{"kind":"chapter","number":null,"id":"freddo","title":{"source":"Freddo","translated":"Cold"},"section":"The Games of Life","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/deledda/freddo","lines":257},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/deledda/per-riflesso","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/deledda/per-la-sua-creatura","license":"Source text: public domain (Grazia Deledda, d. 1936; collection first published 1905). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review.","audioBase":null,"lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"freddo-p1-s1","source":"— La neve non può tardare, — annunziò la giovine serva, guardando il cielo bianco, — prenditi almeno un ombrello, Maureddu....","translation":"“The snow can’t be long in coming,” the young servant girl announced, looking at the white sky, “—take at least an umbrella, Maureddu….”","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Maureddu","title":"Sardinian hypocoristic names","body":"«Maureddu» is a Sardinian affectionate diminutive of «Mauro», built with the common Sardinian suffix «-eddu» (compare «Cumpanzeddu», the horse’s name, from «cumpanzu», ‘companion’). Deledda leaves these forms untranslated to keep the story’s Sardinian voice."}],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of neve","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"neve","lemma":"neve","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of tardare","gloss":"snow"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tardare","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"può","lemma":"potere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of tardare","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"tardare","lemma":"tardare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the quoted clause","gloss":"be long"},{"surface":"annunziò","lemma":"annunciare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence, introduces the quoted speech","gloss":"announced","note":"older spelling of 'annunciare'"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of serva","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"giovine","lemma":"giovane","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies serva","gloss":"young","note":"older/literary spelling of 'giovane'"},{"surface":"serva","lemma":"serva","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of annunziò","gloss":"servant girl"},{"surface":"guardando","lemma":"guardare","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on annunziò","gloss":"looking"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cielo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cielo","lemma":"cielo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of guardando","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"bianco","lemma":"bianco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cielo","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"prenditi","lemma":"prendere","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the resumed quoted clause","gloss":"take","note":"-ti enclitic pronoun = 'yourself'"},{"surface":"almeno","lemma":"almeno","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ombrello","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of ombrello","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"ombrello","lemma":"ombrello","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of prenditi","gloss":"umbrella"},{"surface":"Maureddu","lemma":"Maureddu","morphology":"proper noun","role":"vocative, addressed to Maureddu","gloss":"Maureddu"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"freddo-p2-s1","source":"Un ombrello?","translation":"An umbrella?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of ombrello","gloss":"An"},{"surface":"ombrello","lemma":"ombrello","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"umbrella"}]},{"number":3,"label":"","id":"freddo-p2-s2","source":"Il giovine padrone si mise a ridere.","translation":"The young master burst out laughing.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"si mise a ridere","title":"«mettersi a» + infinitive","body":"«Mettersi a» plus an infinitive means ‘to start (doing something)’: «si mise a ridere» = ‘he started laughing’. It marks the sudden onset of an action."}],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of padrone","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"giovine","lemma":"giovane","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies padrone","gloss":"young","note":"older/literary spelling of 'giovane'"},{"surface":"padrone","lemma":"padrone","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of mise","gloss":"master"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive, third-person, singular","role":"reflexive pronoun object of mise","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"mise","lemma":"mettere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"burst out"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of ridere","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ridere","lemma":"ridere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of mise","gloss":"laughing"}]},{"number":4,"label":"","id":"freddo-p2-s3","source":"Portar l’ombrello era per lui un segno di debolezza, quasi di vigliaccheria.","translation":"Carrying an umbrella was, to him, a sign of weakness, almost of cowardice.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"vigliaccheria","title":"«vigliaccheria»","body":"«Vigliaccheria» is cowardice, from «vigliacco», ‘coward, cad’. The word frames Mauro’s pride as a matter of manly honor: even an umbrella would shame him."}],"words":[{"surface":"Portar","lemma":"portare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"subject of era","gloss":"carrying","note":"apocopated (truncated) form of 'portare'"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of ombrello","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ombrello","lemma":"ombrello","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of Portar","gloss":"umbrella"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to segno","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lui","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"lui","lemma":"lui","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of era","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of segno","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"segno","lemma":"segno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"sign"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking debolezza","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"debolezza","lemma":"debolezza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies segno","gloss":"weakness"},{"surface":"quasi","lemma":"quasi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vigliaccheria","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vigliaccheria","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"vigliaccheria","lemma":"vigliaccheria","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies segno","gloss":"cowardice"}]},{"number":5,"label":"3","id":"freddo-p3-s1","source":"— Vedrai che nevicherà; perchè parti con questo tempo?... — riprese la ragazza, con voce ardente e lamentosa.","translation":"“You’ll see, it will snow; why are you leaving in this weather?…” the girl resumed, in a fervent, plaintive voice.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vedrai","lemma":"vedere","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the quoted clause","gloss":"you'll see"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of nevicherà","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"nevicherà","lemma":"nevicare","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of Vedrai","gloss":"will snow"},{"surface":"perchè","lemma":"perché","morphology":"interrogative adverb","role":"introduces the question, modifies parti","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"parti","lemma":"partire","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the question","gloss":"are you leaving"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tempo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"questo","lemma":"questo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tempo","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"tempo","lemma":"tempo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of parti","gloss":"weather"},{"surface":"riprese","lemma":"riprendere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"resumed"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ragazza","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ragazza","lemma":"ragazza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of riprese","gloss":"girl"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking voce","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"voce","lemma":"voce","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of riprese","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"ardente","lemma":"ardente","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies voce","gloss":"fervent"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lamentosa","lemma":"lamentoso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with ardente","gloss":"plaintive"}]},{"number":6,"label":"","id":"freddo-p3-s2","source":"— Io non potrò dormire....","translation":"“I won’t be able to sleep….”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Io","lemma":"io","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of potrò","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies potrò","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"potrò","lemma":"potere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of dormire","gloss":"will be able"},{"surface":"dormire","lemma":"dormire","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to sleep"}]},{"number":7,"label":"4","id":"freddo-p4-s1","source":"Maureddu rise ancora.","translation":"Maureddu laughed again.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Maureddu","lemma":"Maureddu","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of rise","gloss":"Maureddu"},{"surface":"rise","lemma":"ridere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"laughed"},{"surface":"ancora","lemma":"ancora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rise","gloss":"again"}]},{"number":8,"label":"","id":"freddo-p4-s2","source":"Per lui tutto era oggetto di riso, ma d’un riso quasi infantile, che non offendeva nessuno.","translation":"For him everything was a thing to laugh at, but with an almost childlike laugh, one that offended no one.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lui","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"lui","lemma":"lui","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of oggetto","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"tutto","lemma":"tutto","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of era","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to oggetto","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"oggetto","lemma":"oggetto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of era","gloss":"a thing"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking riso","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"riso","lemma":"riso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies oggetto","gloss":"laughter"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking riso","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of riso","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"riso","lemma":"riso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with riso","gloss":"laugh"},{"surface":"quasi","lemma":"quasi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies infantile","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"infantile","lemma":"infantile","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies riso","gloss":"childlike"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of offendeva","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies offendeva","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"offendeva","lemma":"offendere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on riso","gloss":"offended"},{"surface":"nessuno","lemma":"nessuno","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of offendeva","gloss":"no one"}]},{"number":9,"label":"5","id":"freddo-p5-s1","source":"— Tu non potrai dormire?","translation":"“You won’t be able to sleep?”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of dormire","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies potrai","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"potrai","lemma":"potere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of dormire","gloss":"will be able"},{"surface":"dormire","lemma":"dormire","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sleep"}]},{"number":10,"label":"","id":"freddo-p5-s2","source":"Allora, scendi in cucina, allora, — disse, mentre finiva di sellare il cavallo.","translation":"“Then come down to the kitchen, then,” he said, while he finished saddling the horse.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Allora","lemma":"allora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies scendi","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"scendi","lemma":"scendere","morphology":"verb, present, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"come down"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cucina","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"cucina","lemma":"cucina","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of scendi","gloss":"kitchen"},{"surface":"allora","lemma":"allora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies scendi","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"disse","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"mentre","lemma":"mentre","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of finiva","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"finiva","lemma":"finire","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of disse","gloss":"was finishing"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of sellare","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sellare","lemma":"sellare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of finiva","gloss":"saddling"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cavallo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cavallo","lemma":"cavallo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of sellare","gloss":"horse"}]},{"number":11,"label":"6","id":"freddo-p6-s1","source":"Anch’ella rise un po’, melanconica e voluttuosa.","translation":"She too laughed a little, melancholy and sensuous.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Anch’","lemma":"anche","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rise","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"ella","lemma":"ella","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of rise","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"rise","lemma":"ridere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"laughed"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of po’","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"po’","lemma":"poco","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rise","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"melanconica","lemma":"melanconico","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"complement of rise","gloss":"melancholy"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"voluttuosa","lemma":"voluttuoso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with melanconica","gloss":"sensuous"}]},{"number":12,"label":"7","id":"freddo-p7-s1","source":"— Se non ci sei tu.... — mormorò.","translation":"“If you’re not there….” she murmured.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Se","lemma":"se","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sei","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sei","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ci","lemma":"ci","morphology":"pronoun","role":"locative particle with sei","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"sei","lemma":"essere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of sei","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"mormorò","lemma":"mormorare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"murmured"}]},{"number":13,"label":"8","id":"freddo-p8-s1","source":"— Ti abbraccerai la stuoia....","translation":"“You’ll hug the sleeping-mat instead….”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ti","lemma":"ti","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"ethical dative with abbraccerai","gloss":"yourself","note":"Dativus ethicus — idiomatic 'for yourself', implying 'instead [of me]' rather than a literal object."},{"surface":"abbraccerai","lemma":"abbracciare","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"you’ll hug"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of stuoia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"stuoia","lemma":"stuoia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of abbraccerai","gloss":"mat"}]},{"number":14,"label":"","id":"freddo-p8-s2","source":"Va, di’ a nonna che sto per partire....","translation":"Go, tell grandmother I’m about to leave….","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Va","lemma":"andare","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"coordinated with Va","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nonna","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"nonna","lemma":"nonna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of di","gloss":"grandmother"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sto","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"sto","lemma":"stare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of di","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of partire","gloss":"about to"},{"surface":"partire","lemma":"partire","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of sto","gloss":"leave"}]},{"number":15,"label":"","id":"freddo-p8-s3","source":"Aspetta, prima.","translation":"Wait, first.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aspetta","lemma":"aspettare","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wait"},{"surface":"prima","lemma":"prima","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Aspetta","gloss":"first"}]},{"number":16,"label":"9","id":"freddo-p9-s1","source":"La rincorse sotto la tettoia e l’abbracciò forte.","translation":"He chased her under the shed and held her tight.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"la","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of rincorse","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"rincorse","lemma":"rincorrere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"chased"},{"surface":"sotto","lemma":"sotto","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tettoia","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of tettoia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tettoia","lemma":"tettoia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of rincorse","gloss":"shed"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of abbracciò","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"abbracciò","lemma":"abbracciare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with rincorse","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"forte","lemma":"forte","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"complement of abbracciò","gloss":"tight"}]},{"number":17,"label":"","id":"freddo-p9-s2","source":"Ella era più alta di lui, bella, rosea, col naso aquilino e due grandi occhi rotondi, lucenti.","translation":"She was taller than him, beautiful, rosy, with an aquiline nose and two big round, shining eyes.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ella","lemma":"ella","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of alta","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to alta","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"più","lemma":"più","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies alta","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"alta","lemma":"alto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lui","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"lui","lemma":"lui","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of alta","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"bella","lemma":"bello","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with alta","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"rosea","lemma":"roseo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with alta","gloss":"rosy"},{"surface":"col","lemma":"con il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking naso","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"naso","lemma":"naso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of alta","gloss":"nose"},{"surface":"aquilino","lemma":"aquilino","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies naso","gloss":"aquiline"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"due","lemma":"due","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies occhi","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"grandi","lemma":"grande","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies occhi","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"occhi","lemma":"occhio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with naso","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"rotondi","lemma":"rotondo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies occhi","gloss":"round"},{"surface":"lucenti","lemma":"lucente","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"coordinated with occhi","gloss":"shining"}]},{"number":18,"label":"","id":"freddo-p9-s3","source":"Anch’ella lo strinse, quasi lo sollevò, e gli disse:","translation":"She too held him tight, almost lifted him off his feet, and said to him:","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Anch’","lemma":"anche","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies strinse","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"ella","lemma":"ella","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of strinse","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of strinse","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"strinse","lemma":"stringere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"held tight"},{"surface":"quasi","lemma":"quasi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sollevò","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of sollevò","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"sollevò","lemma":"sollevare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with strinse","gloss":"lifted"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"gli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of disse","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"disse","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with strinse","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":19,"label":"10","id":"freddo-p10-s1","source":"— Promettimi almeno che non passerai nel mio paese.","translation":"“Promise me at least that you won’t pass through my village.”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Promettimi","lemma":"promettere","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"promise me"},{"surface":"almeno","lemma":"almeno","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies passerai","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of passerai","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies passerai","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"passerai","lemma":"passare","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of Promettimi","gloss":"will pass"},{"surface":"nel","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking paese","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"mio","lemma":"mio","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on paese","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"paese","lemma":"paese","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of passerai","gloss":"village"}]},{"number":20,"label":"","id":"freddo-p10-s2","source":"Lo sai che mio fratello ti vuole uccidere.","translation":"You know my brother wants to kill you.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"vuole uccidere","title":"Present indicative for an ongoing intention","body":"«Vuole uccidere» (‘wants to kill’) uses the plain present, not a future, because the brother’s intent is treated as a standing fact rather than a one-time event to come."}],"words":[{"surface":"Lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of sai","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"sai","lemma":"sapere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"you know"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of uccidere","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"mio","lemma":"mio","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on fratello","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"fratello","lemma":"fratello","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of vuole","gloss":"brother"},{"surface":"ti","lemma":"ti","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of uccidere","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"vuole","lemma":"volere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of uccidere","gloss":"wants"},{"surface":"uccidere","lemma":"uccidere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of sai","gloss":"to kill"}]},{"number":21,"label":"11","id":"freddo-p11-s1","source":"— Egli non mi conosce.","translation":"“He doesn’t know me.”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Egli","lemma":"egli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of conosce","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies conosce","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of conosce","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"conosce","lemma":"conoscere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"knows"}]},{"number":22,"label":"","id":"freddo-p11-s2","source":"E poi.... che potrà far lui? — disse il giovine, con quel disprezzo che i ricchi paesani sardi hanno per i poveri.","translation":"And besides…. what can he do to me? — the young man said, with that contempt which rich Sardinian villagers have for the poor.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"E","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"poi","lemma":"poi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies far","gloss":"besides"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun, interrogative","role":"direct object of far","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"potrà","lemma":"potere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of far","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"far","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"lui","lemma":"lui","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"emphatic subject of far","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"disse","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of giovine","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"giovine","lemma":"giovane","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of disse","gloss":"young man"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking disprezzo","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"quel","lemma":"quello","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of disprezzo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"disprezzo","lemma":"disprezzo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of disse","gloss":"contempt"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of hanno","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of paesani","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ricchi","lemma":"ricco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies paesani","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"paesani","lemma":"paesano","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of hanno","gloss":"villagers"},{"surface":"sardi","lemma":"sardo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies paesani","gloss":"Sardinian"},{"surface":"hanno","lemma":"avere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"relative clause on disprezzo","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking poveri","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of poveri","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"poveri","lemma":"povero","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of hanno","gloss":"poor"}]},{"number":23,"label":"","id":"freddo-p11-s3","source":"— Formica!","translation":"“An ant!”","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Formica","title":"An insult of scale","body":"Calling the rival a «formica», ‘ant’, mocks his poverty and smallness against Mauro’s wealth — a class insult, not a literal comparison, that the girl throws back at him in the next line."}],"words":[{"surface":"Formica","lemma":"formica","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"an ant"}]},{"number":24,"label":"12","id":"freddo-p12-s1","source":"— Formica?","translation":"“An ant?”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Formica","lemma":"formica","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"an ant"}]},{"number":25,"label":"","id":"freddo-p12-s2","source":"Vedrai come ti pungerà, quella formica! — esclamò la fanciulla, respingendolo.","translation":"You’ll see how that ant can sting! — the girl exclaimed, pushing him away.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vedrai","lemma":"vedere","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"you’ll see"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of pungerà","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"ti","lemma":"ti","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of pungerà","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"pungerà","lemma":"pungere","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of Vedrai","gloss":"will sting"},{"surface":"quella","lemma":"quello","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of formica","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"formica","lemma":"formica","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of pungerà","gloss":"ant"},{"surface":"esclamò","lemma":"esclamare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"exclaimed"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of fanciulla","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fanciulla","lemma":"fanciulla","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of esclamò","gloss":"girl"},{"surface":"respingendolo","lemma":"respingere lo","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on esclamò","gloss":"pushing him away"}]},{"number":26,"label":"","id":"freddo-p12-s3","source":"— Avvicinalo e si vedrà!","translation":"“Get close to him and we’ll see!”","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"si vedrà","title":"«si» impersonal/passive","body":"«Si vedrà» (literally ‘it will see itself’) is the impersonal-passive «si», equivalent to ‘we’ll see’ / ‘it will be seen’. The construction lets the outcome stay agentless and ominous."}],"words":[{"surface":"Avvicinalo","lemma":"avvicinare","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"bring him closer"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"impersonal pronoun with vedrà","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"vedrà","lemma":"vedere","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with Avvicinalo","gloss":"will be seen"}]},{"number":27,"label":"13","id":"freddo-p13-s1","source":"— Basta! — egli comandò con voce aspra.","translation":"“Enough!” he ordered in a harsh voice.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Basta","lemma":"bastare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"enough"},{"surface":"egli","lemma":"egli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of comandò","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"comandò","lemma":"comandare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"ordered"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking voce","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"voce","lemma":"voce","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of comandò","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"aspra","lemma":"aspro","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies voce","gloss":"harsh"}]},{"number":28,"label":"","id":"freddo-p13-s2","source":"Ma poi si raddolcì e mentì con quella sua aria di fanciullo ingenuo:","translation":"But then he softened and lied, with that air of his of an ingenuous child:","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"poi","lemma":"poi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies raddolcì","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"reflexive pronoun of raddolcì","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"raddolcì","lemma":"raddolcire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"softened"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mentì","lemma":"mentire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with raddolcì","gloss":"lied"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking aria","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"quella","lemma":"quello","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of aria","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"sua","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"depends on aria","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"aria","lemma":"aria","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of mentì","gloss":"air"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fanciullo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"fanciullo","lemma":"fanciullo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies aria","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"ingenuo","lemma":"ingenuo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies fanciullo","gloss":"ingenuous"}]},{"number":29,"label":"14","id":"freddo-p14-s1","source":"— E poi non ti sposerò?","translation":"“And besides, won’t I marry you?”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"E","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"poi","lemma":"poi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sposerò","gloss":"besides"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sposerò","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ti","lemma":"ti","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of sposerò","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"sposerò","lemma":"sposare","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will I marry"}]},{"number":30,"label":"15","id":"freddo-p15-s1","source":"— Quando?","translation":"“When?”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quando","lemma":"quando","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"when"}]},{"number":31,"label":"","id":"freddo-p15-s2","source":"Quando il nibbio tesserà la tela per la mia camicia da sposa?","translation":"When the kite hawk weaves the cloth for my wedding shirt?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"nibbio","title":"«nibbio» — the kite hawk","body":"The «nibbio» is a bird of prey, not a weaver; her image (a hawk spinning wedding cloth) is a folk way of saying ‘never’ — she doesn’t believe he’ll ever marry her."}],"words":[{"surface":"Quando","lemma":"quando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tesserà","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of nibbio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nibbio","lemma":"nibbio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of tesserà","gloss":"kite hawk"},{"surface":"tesserà","lemma":"tessere","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"weaves"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of tela","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tela","lemma":"tela","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tesserà","gloss":"cloth"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking camicia","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of camicia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mia","lemma":"mio","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"depends on camicia","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"camicia","lemma":"camicia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies tela","gloss":"shirt"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sposa","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"sposa","lemma":"sposa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies camicia","gloss":"wedding"}]},{"number":32,"label":"16","id":"freddo-p16-s1","source":"Egli rise.","translation":"He laughed.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Egli","lemma":"egli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of rise","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"rise","lemma":"ridere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"laughed"}]},{"number":33,"label":"17","id":"freddo-p17-s1","source":"*","translation":"*","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[]},{"number":34,"label":"18","id":"freddo-p18-s1","source":"Mauro spronava il cavallo, su, su, attraverso l’altipiano gelato.","translation":"Mauro spurred the horse, up, up, across the frozen plateau.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Mauro","lemma":"Mauro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of spronava","gloss":"Mauro"},{"surface":"spronava","lemma":"spronare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"spurred"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cavallo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cavallo","lemma":"cavallo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of spronava","gloss":"horse"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies spronava","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies spronava","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"attraverso","lemma":"attraverso","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking altipiano","gloss":"across"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of altipiano","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"altipiano","lemma":"altipiano","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of spronava","gloss":"plateau"},{"surface":"gelato","lemma":"gelato","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies altipiano","gloss":"frozen"}]},{"number":35,"label":"","id":"freddo-p18-s2","source":"Il cielo s’abbassava sempre più; nuvole bianche passavano, pesanti e fredde come blocchi di neve, sullo sfondo bianco dell’orizzonte.","translation":"The sky sank lower and lower; white clouds passed, heavy and cold as blocks of snow, against the white backdrop of the horizon.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cielo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cielo","lemma":"cielo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of abbassava","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"s’","lemma":"abbassarsi","morphology":"reflexive pronoun","role":"reflexive pronoun of abbassava","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"abbassava","lemma":"abbassare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sank"},{"surface":"sempre","lemma":"sempre","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies più","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"più","lemma":"più","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies abbassava","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"nuvole","lemma":"nuvola","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of passavano","gloss":"clouds"},{"surface":"bianche","lemma":"bianco","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies nuvole","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"passavano","lemma":"passare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"passed"},{"surface":"pesanti","lemma":"pesante","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"complement of passavano","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fredde","lemma":"freddo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with pesanti","gloss":"cold"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking blocchi","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"blocchi","lemma":"blocco","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of passavano","gloss":"blocks"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking neve","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"neve","lemma":"neve","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies blocchi","gloss":"snow"},{"surface":"sullo","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sfondo","gloss":"against the"},{"surface":"sfondo","lemma":"sfondo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of passavano","gloss":"backdrop"},{"surface":"bianco","lemma":"bianco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies sfondo","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"dell’","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking orizzonte","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"orizzonte","lemma":"orizzonte","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies sfondo","gloss":"horizon"}]},{"number":36,"label":"","id":"freddo-p18-s3","source":"Le montagne, in cerchio, si guardavano livide di freddo, mandando le une verso le altre enormi soffi di vento gelato: le quercie nere, lungo la strada, tremavano con brividi possenti, e pareva volessero vendicarsi del tempo, sferzando con le fronde più alte le nuvole in corsa.","translation":"The mountains, in a ring, faced one another livid with cold, sending toward each other enormous gusts of icy wind: the black oaks along the road trembled with powerful shudders, and seemed to want revenge on the weather, lashing the racing clouds with their highest boughs.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"pareva volessero","title":"Imperfect subjunctive after «pareva»","body":"«Pareva» (‘it seemed’) governs the imperfect subjunctive «volessero» (‘they wanted’) rather than the indicative, because it reports an impression, not a verified fact — standard Italian congiuntivo after verbs of seeming."}],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of montagne","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"montagne","lemma":"montagna","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of guardavano","gloss":"mountains"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cerchio","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"cerchio","lemma":"cerchio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies montagne","gloss":"ring"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"guardarsi","morphology":"reciprocal pronoun","role":"reciprocal pronoun of guardavano","gloss":"each other"},{"surface":"guardavano","lemma":"guardare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"faced"},{"surface":"livide","lemma":"livido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"complement of guardavano","gloss":"livid"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking freddo","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"freddo","lemma":"freddo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of livide","gloss":"cold"},{"surface":"mandando","lemma":"mandare","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on guardavano","gloss":"sending"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of une","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"une","lemma":"uno","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, plural","role":"reciprocal expression referring to montagne","gloss":"some","note":"\"le une ... verso le altre\" is a reciprocal expression, \"to one another.\""},{"surface":"verso","lemma":"verso","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking altre","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of altre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"altre","lemma":"altro","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, plural","role":"object of verso","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"enormi","lemma":"enorme","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies soffi","gloss":"enormous"},{"surface":"soffi","lemma":"soffio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of mandando","gloss":"gusts"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vento","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"vento","lemma":"vento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies soffi","gloss":"wind"},{"surface":"gelato","lemma":"gelato","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies vento","gloss":"icy"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of quercie","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"quercie","lemma":"quercia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of tremavano","gloss":"oaks"},{"surface":"nere","lemma":"nero","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies quercie","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"lungo","lemma":"lungo","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking strada","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of strada","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"strada","lemma":"strada","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of tremavano","gloss":"road"},{"surface":"tremavano","lemma":"tremare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"trembled"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking brividi","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"brividi","lemma":"brivido","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of tremavano","gloss":"shudders"},{"surface":"possenti","lemma":"possente","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies brividi","gloss":"powerful"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"pareva","lemma":"parere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with tremavano","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"volessero","lemma":"volere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of vendicarsi","gloss":"wanted"},{"surface":"vendicarsi","lemma":"vendicarsi","morphology":"verb, infinitive, reflexive","role":"clausal complement of pareva","gloss":"take revenge"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tempo","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"tempo","lemma":"tempo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of vendicarsi","gloss":"weather"},{"surface":"sferzando","lemma":"sferzare","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on vendicarsi","gloss":"lashing"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fronde","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of fronde","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fronde","lemma":"fronda","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of sferzando","gloss":"boughs"},{"surface":"più","lemma":"più","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies alte","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"alte","lemma":"alto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies fronde","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of nuvole","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nuvole","lemma":"nuvola","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of sferzando","gloss":"clouds"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking corsa","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"corsa","lemma":"corsa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies nuvole","gloss":"running"}]},{"number":37,"label":"19","id":"freddo-p19-s1","source":"A Mauro tornava in mente la frase rassegnata della sua giovine amante.","translation":"The resigned words of his young lover kept returning to Mauro’s mind.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"A","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Mauro","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Mauro","lemma":"Mauro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of tornava","gloss":"Mauro"},{"surface":"tornava","lemma":"tornare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"kept returning"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mente","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"mente","lemma":"mente","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of tornava","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of frase","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"frase","lemma":"frase","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of tornava","gloss":"phrase"},{"surface":"rassegnata","lemma":"rassegnato","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies frase","gloss":"resigned"},{"surface":"della","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking amante","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"sua","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"depends on amante","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"giovine","lemma":"giovine","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies amante","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"amante","lemma":"amante","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"modifies frase","gloss":"lover"}]},{"number":38,"label":"","id":"freddo-p19-s2","source":"Ella doveva averla presa dalla vecchia canzone:","translation":"She must have taken it from the old song:","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"doveva averla presa","title":"«dovere» + perfect infinitive for conjecture","body":"«Doveva averla presa» (‘she must have taken it’) is «dovere» in the imperfect governing a past infinitive — the standard Italian way to express a guess about something already completed."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ella","lemma":"ella","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of presa","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"doveva","lemma":"dovere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of presa","gloss":"must have"},{"surface":"averla","lemma":"avere la","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive, with clitic","role":"auxiliary of presa","gloss":"have it","note":"the attached clitic \"la\" is the direct object, \"it\" (the phrase)."},{"surface":"presa","lemma":"prendere","morphology":"verb, past, participle, feminine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"taken"},{"surface":"dalla","lemma":"da il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking canzone","gloss":"from the"},{"surface":"vecchia","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies canzone","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"canzone","lemma":"canzone","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"source complement of presa","gloss":"song"}]},{"number":39,"label":"20","id":"freddo-p20-s1","source":"— Sì, ella è ragionevole: perciò le voglio bene.","translation":"“Yes, she is reasonable: that’s why I love her.”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sì","lemma":"sì","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"ella","lemma":"ella","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of ragionevole","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to ragionevole","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ragionevole","lemma":"ragionevole","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"reasonable"},{"surface":"perciò","lemma":"perciò","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies voglio","gloss":"that's why"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"indirect object of voglio","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"voglio","lemma":"volere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"love","note":"\"volere bene a\" is an idiom for \"to love\", not literally \"to want well\"."},{"surface":"bene","lemma":"bene","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies voglio","gloss":"(particle)","note":"\"volere bene a\" is glossed as a unit on \"voglio\" (\"love\"); \"bene\" contributes no separate sense, and the translation has no \"dearly\" to license the added intensity."}]},{"number":40,"label":"","id":"freddo-p20-s2","source":"Come si fa?","translation":"What can one do?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Come","lemma":"come","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fa","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"depends on fa","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"fa","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"does"}]},{"number":41,"label":"","id":"freddo-p20-s3","source":"Un ricco proprietario, figlio unico, nipote unico, un proprietario di cento pecore e di duecento porci non può sposare una serva, una giovinetta straniera....","translation":"A rich landowner, an only son, an only grandson, an owner of a hundred sheep and two hundred pigs, cannot marry a servant girl, a young stranger from elsewhere….","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"cento pecore... duecento porci","title":"Livestock as a measure of wealth","body":"Counting sheep and pigs is how Mauro states his social standing — in rural Sardinia a man’s worth was reckoned in head of livestock, not money in a bank."}],"words":[{"surface":"Un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of proprietario","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ricco","lemma":"ricco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies proprietario","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"proprietario","lemma":"proprietario","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of sposare","gloss":"landowner"},{"surface":"figlio","lemma":"figlio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to proprietario","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"unico","lemma":"unico","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies figlio","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"nipote","lemma":"nipote","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"coordinated with figlio","gloss":"grandson"},{"surface":"unico","lemma":"unico","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies nipote","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of proprietario","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"proprietario","lemma":"proprietario","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of sposare","gloss":"owner"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pecore","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cento","lemma":"cento","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies pecore","gloss":"a hundred"},{"surface":"pecore","lemma":"pecora","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies proprietario","gloss":"sheep"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking duecento","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"duecento","lemma":"duecento","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies porci","gloss":"two hundred"},{"surface":"porci","lemma":"porco","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies proprietario","gloss":"pigs"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sposare","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"può","lemma":"potere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of sposare","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"sposare","lemma":"sposare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"marry"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of serva","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"serva","lemma":"serva","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of sposare","gloss":"servant girl"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of giovinetta","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"giovinetta","lemma":"giovinetta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of sposare","gloss":"young girl"},{"surface":"straniera","lemma":"straniero","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies giovinetta","gloss":"foreign"}]},{"number":42,"label":"","id":"freddo-p20-s4","source":"Uno della mia razza....","translation":"One of my own kind….","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Uno","lemma":"uno","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"della","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking razza","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"mia","lemma":"mio","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"depends on razza","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"razza","lemma":"razza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies Uno","gloss":"kind"}]},{"number":43,"label":"21","id":"freddo-p21-s1","source":"Per quanto innamorato, cioè per quanto la sua amante gli piaccia, Mauro ride al solo pensiero di doverla sposare.","translation":"However much in love, that is however much he likes his lover, Mauro laughs at the mere thought of having to marry her.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"gli piaccia","title":"Present subjunctive after «per quanto»","body":"«Per quanto» (‘however much’) triggers the subjunctive «piaccia» rather than the indicative «piace»: concessive clauses in Italian regularly take the congiuntivo."}],"words":[{"surface":"Per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking quanto","gloss":"however"},{"surface":"quanto","lemma":"quanto","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"concessive clause modifying ride","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"innamorato","lemma":"innamorato","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of quanto","gloss":"in love"},{"surface":"cioè","lemma":"cioè","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"that is"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking quanto","gloss":"however"},{"surface":"quanto","lemma":"quanto","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"concessive clause coordinated with the first quanto clause","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of amante","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sua","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"depends on amante","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"amante","lemma":"amante","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"subject of piaccia","gloss":"lover"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"gli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of piaccia","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"piaccia","lemma":"piacere","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the quanto clause","gloss":"pleases","note":"\"piacere\" flips subject/object: \"gli piaccia\" literally \"she pleases him\" = \"he likes her\"."},{"surface":"Mauro","lemma":"Mauro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of ride","gloss":"Mauro"},{"surface":"ride","lemma":"ridere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"laughs"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pensiero","gloss":"at the"},{"surface":"solo","lemma":"solo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies pensiero","gloss":"mere"},{"surface":"pensiero","lemma":"pensiero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of ride","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of sposare","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"doverla","lemma":"dovere la","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive, with clitic","role":"auxiliary of sposare","gloss":"having to","note":"the attached clitic \"la\" refers to \"her\" (the lover)."},{"surface":"sposare","lemma":"sposare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying pensiero","gloss":"marry"}]},{"number":44,"label":"22","id":"freddo-p22-s1","source":"*","translation":"*","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[]},{"number":45,"label":"23","id":"freddo-p23-s1","source":"Ad un tratto il vento cessò, le nuvole si sciolsero, bianche sul cielo bianco.","translation":"All at once the wind ceased, the clouds dissolved, white against the white sky.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ad","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tratto","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tratto","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tratto","lemma":"tratto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of cessò","gloss":"moment"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vento","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vento","lemma":"vento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of cessò","gloss":"wind"},{"surface":"cessò","lemma":"cessare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"ceased"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of nuvole","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nuvole","lemma":"nuvola","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of sciolsero","gloss":"clouds"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"sciogliersi","morphology":"reflexive pronoun","role":"reflexive pronoun of sciolsero","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"sciolsero","lemma":"sciogliere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with cessò","gloss":"dissolved"},{"surface":"bianche","lemma":"bianco","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of sciolsero","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"sul","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cielo","gloss":"against the"},{"surface":"cielo","lemma":"cielo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sciolsero","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"bianco","lemma":"bianco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cielo","gloss":"white"}]},{"number":46,"label":"","id":"freddo-p23-s2","source":"Qua e là qualche quercia, alta e contorta, prese una rigidità spettrale, un colore cupo; e tutto fu silenzio, silenzio intenso, immobilità di attesa.","translation":"Here and there some oak, tall and twisted, took on a ghostly rigidity, a somber color; and everything was silence, intense silence, the stillness of waiting.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Qua","lemma":"qua","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies prese","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"là","lemma":"là","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with Qua","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"qualche","lemma":"qualche","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of quercia","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"quercia","lemma":"quercia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of prese","gloss":"oak"},{"surface":"alta","lemma":"alto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies quercia","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"contorta","lemma":"contorto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with alta","gloss":"twisted"},{"surface":"prese","lemma":"prendere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"took on"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of rigidità","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"rigidità","lemma":"rigidità","morphology":"noun, feminine","role":"direct object of prese","gloss":"rigidity"},{"surface":"spettrale","lemma":"spettrale","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies rigidità","gloss":"ghostly"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of colore","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"colore","lemma":"colore","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of prese","gloss":"color"},{"surface":"cupo","lemma":"cupo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies colore","gloss":"somber"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tutto","lemma":"tutto","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of silenzio","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"fu","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to silenzio","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"silenzio","lemma":"silenzio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"silence"},{"surface":"silenzio","lemma":"silenzio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with silenzio","gloss":"silence"},{"surface":"intenso","lemma":"intenso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies silenzio","gloss":"intense"},{"surface":"immobilità","lemma":"immobilità","morphology":"noun, feminine","role":"coordinated with silenzio","gloss":"stillness"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking attesa","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"attesa","lemma":"attesa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies immobilità","gloss":"waiting"}]},{"number":47,"label":"","id":"freddo-p23-s3","source":"Non si udiva il trillo di un uccello; non un susurro di foglia.","translation":"Not a bird’s trill could be heard; not a leaf’s rustle.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies udiva","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"expletive with udiva","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"udiva","lemma":"udire","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was heard"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of trillo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"trillo","lemma":"trillo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of udiva","gloss":"trill"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking uccello","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of uccello","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"uccello","lemma":"uccello","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies trillo","gloss":"bird"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies susurro","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of susurro","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"susurro","lemma":"susurro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"rustle"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking foglia","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"foglia","lemma":"foglia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of susurro","gloss":"leaf"}]},{"number":48,"label":"24","id":"freddo-p24-s1","source":"— Mi pare che ci siamo! — pensò Mauro, odorando l’aria.","translation":"“I think this is it!” Mauro thought, sniffing the air.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"indirect object of pare","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"pare","lemma":"parere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seems","note":"\"pare\" literally means \"seems\" (mi pare = it seems to me); \"I\" of the smooth translation \"I think\" belongs to \"Mi\", already glossed \"to me\" — don't redistribute the English subject onto \"pare\"."},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of siamo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ci","lemma":"ci","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"expletive with siamo","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"siamo","lemma":"essere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"clausal complement of pare","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"pensò","lemma":"pensare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"Mauro","lemma":"Mauro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of pensò","gloss":"Mauro"},{"surface":"odorando","lemma":"odorare","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on pensò","gloss":"sniffing"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of aria","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"aria","lemma":"aria","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of odorando","gloss":"air"}]},{"number":49,"label":"","id":"freddo-p24-s2","source":"E si mise il cappuccio.","translation":"And he pulled up his hood.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"E","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"mettersi","morphology":"reflexive pronoun","role":"reflexive pronoun of mise","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"mise","lemma":"mettere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"put on"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cappuccio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cappuccio","lemma":"cappuccio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of mise","gloss":"hood"}]},{"number":50,"label":"","id":"freddo-p24-s3","source":"Una falda di neve, grande come l’ala d’una farfallina, cadde sull’orecchia del cavallo.","translation":"A flake of snow, as big as the wing of a little moth, fell on the horse’s ear.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of falda","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"falda","lemma":"falda","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of cadde","gloss":"flake"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking neve","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"neve","lemma":"neve","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies falda","gloss":"snow"},{"surface":"grande","lemma":"grande","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies falda","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the comparison with ala","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ala","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ala","lemma":"ala","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"complement of come","gloss":"wing"},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking farfallina","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of farfallina","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"farfallina","lemma":"farfallina","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies ala","gloss":"little butterfly"},{"surface":"cadde","lemma":"cadere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"sull’","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking orecchia","gloss":"on the"},{"surface":"orecchia","lemma":"orecchia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of cadde","gloss":"ear"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cavallo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"cavallo","lemma":"cavallo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies orecchia","gloss":"horse"}]},{"number":51,"label":"","id":"freddo-p24-s4","source":"Il cavallo scosse l’orecchia; milioni di ali bianche volteggiarono per l’aria.","translation":"The horse shook its ear; millions of white wings whirled through the air.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cavallo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cavallo","lemma":"cavallo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of scosse","gloss":"horse"},{"surface":"scosse","lemma":"scuotere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"shook"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of orecchia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"orecchia","lemma":"orecchia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of scosse","gloss":"ear"},{"surface":"milioni","lemma":"milione","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of volteggiarono","gloss":"millions"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ali","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ali","lemma":"ala","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies milioni","gloss":"wings"},{"surface":"bianche","lemma":"bianco","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies ali","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"volteggiarono","lemma":"volteggiare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"whirled"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking aria","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of aria","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"aria","lemma":"aria","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of volteggiarono","gloss":"air"}]},{"number":52,"label":"25","id":"freddo-p25-s1","source":"*","translation":"*","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[]},{"number":53,"label":"26","id":"freddo-p26-s1","source":"Cammina, cammina; sulla punta del cappuccio del “ricco proprietario di cento pecore„ la neve costrusse una piccola montagna; le strade sparirono, le quercie, bianche e nere, avvolte dal pulviscolo della neve, presero un aspetto strano, di giganti mascherati, in agguato dietro le roccie.","translation":"On and on he rode; on the tip of the hood of the “rich owner of a hundred sheep” the snow built up a little mountain; the roads disappeared, the oaks, white and black, wrapped in the fine dust of snow, took on a strange look, of masked giants, lying in wait behind the rocks.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"“ricco proprietario di cento pecore„","title":"Ironic epithet, in quotes","body":"Deledda quotes Mauro’s own boast back at him — the phrase he used for himself now sits, half-mocking, over a hood buried in snow. Note the period typography, «“…„», an open curly quote closed by a low quote, common in older Italian printing."}],"words":[{"surface":"Cammina","lemma":"camminare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"walks on","note":"\"Cammina, cammina\" is a reduplicated idiom marking continued action, not a command: \"on and on he rode\"."},{"surface":"cammina","lemma":"camminare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with Cammina","gloss":"walks on"},{"surface":"sulla","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking punta","gloss":"on the"},{"surface":"punta","lemma":"punta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of costrusse","gloss":"tip"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cappuccio","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"cappuccio","lemma":"cappuccio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies punta","gloss":"hood"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking proprietario","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"ricco","lemma":"ricco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies proprietario","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"proprietario","lemma":"proprietario","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cappuccio","gloss":"owner"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pecore","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cento","lemma":"cento","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies pecore","gloss":"a hundred"},{"surface":"pecore","lemma":"pecora","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies proprietario","gloss":"sheep"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of neve","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"neve","lemma":"neve","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of costrusse","gloss":"snow"},{"surface":"costrusse","lemma":"costruire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"built","note":"Archaic passato remoto form of costruire (modern costruì)."},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of montagna","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"piccola","lemma":"piccolo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies montagna","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"montagna","lemma":"montagna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of costrusse","gloss":"mountain"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of strade","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"strade","lemma":"strada","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of sparirono","gloss":"roads"},{"surface":"sparirono","lemma":"sparire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"disappeared"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of quercie","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"quercie","lemma":"quercia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of presero","gloss":"oaks"},{"surface":"bianche","lemma":"bianco","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies quercie","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nere","lemma":"nero","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with bianche","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"avvolte","lemma":"avvolgere","morphology":"verb, past, participle, feminine, plural","role":"participial clause modifying quercie","gloss":"wrapped"},{"surface":"dal","lemma":"da il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pulviscolo","gloss":"by the"},{"surface":"pulviscolo","lemma":"pulviscolo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"agent of avvolte","gloss":"fine dust"},{"surface":"della","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking neve","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"neve","lemma":"neve","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies pulviscolo","gloss":"snow"},{"surface":"presero","lemma":"prendere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the clause, coordinated with sparirono","gloss":"took on"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of aspetto","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"aspetto","lemma":"aspetto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of presero","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"strano","lemma":"strano","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies aspetto","gloss":"strange"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking giganti","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"giganti","lemma":"gigante","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies aspetto","gloss":"giants"},{"surface":"mascherati","lemma":"mascherato","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies giganti","gloss":"masked"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking agguato","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"agguato","lemma":"agguato","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"describes giganti","gloss":"wait"},{"surface":"dietro","lemma":"dietro","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking roccie","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of roccie","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"roccie","lemma":"roccia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies agguato","gloss":"rocks"}]},{"number":54,"label":"","id":"freddo-p26-s2","source":"Il giorno declinò, tutto diventò d’un grigio violaceo, il freddo si fece intenso; ma il giovine proprietario si mise a ridere.","translation":"The day declined, everything turned a violet-gray, the cold grew intense; but the young landowner burst out laughing.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of giorno","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"giorno","lemma":"giorno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of declinò","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"declinò","lemma":"declinare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"declined"},{"surface":"tutto","lemma":"tutto","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of diventò","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"diventò","lemma":"diventare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with declinò","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking grigio","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of grigio","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"grigio","lemma":"grigio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of diventò","gloss":"gray"},{"surface":"violaceo","lemma":"violaceo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies grigio","gloss":"violet"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of freddo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"freddo","lemma":"freddo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of fece","gloss":"cold"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"reflexive marker of fece","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"fece","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with declinò","gloss":"grew"},{"surface":"intenso","lemma":"intenso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"complement of fece","gloss":"intense"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of proprietario","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"giovine","lemma":"giovane","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies proprietario","gloss":"young","note":"Giovine is an older literary spelling of giovane."},{"surface":"proprietario","lemma":"proprietario","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of mise","gloss":"landowner"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"reflexive marker of mise","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"mise","lemma":"mettere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"started"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of ridere","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ridere","lemma":"ridere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of mise","gloss":"laughing"}]},{"number":55,"label":"27","id":"freddo-p27-s1","source":"— Ne abbiamo vedute altro che così! — si vantò col suo cavallo, il quale scuoteva le orecchie e lasciava dietro di sè, sempre più lentamente, le orme nere dei suoi ferri falcati.","translation":"“We’ve seen worse than this!” he boasted to his horse, which shook its ears and left behind it, more and more slowly, the black prints of its crescent-shaped shoes.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"pronoun","role":"partitive complement of vedute","gloss":"of them"},{"surface":"abbiamo","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of vedute","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"vedute","lemma":"vedere","morphology":"verb, past, participle, feminine, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seen"},{"surface":"altro","lemma":"altro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"complement of vedute","gloss":"worse"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the comparison with così","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"così","lemma":"così","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies altro","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"reflexive marker of vantò","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"vantò","lemma":"vantarsi","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"boasted"},{"surface":"col","lemma":"con il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cavallo","gloss":"with the"},{"surface":"suo","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on cavallo","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"cavallo","lemma":"cavallo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of vantò","gloss":"horse"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of quale","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"quale","lemma":"quale","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of scuoteva","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"scuoteva","lemma":"scuotere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on cavallo","gloss":"shook"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of orecchie","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"orecchie","lemma":"orecchia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of scuoteva","gloss":"ears"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lasciava","lemma":"lasciare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with scuoteva","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"dietro","lemma":"dietro","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition marking sè","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase dietro","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"sè","lemma":"sè","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of lasciava","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"sempre","lemma":"sempre","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies più","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"più","lemma":"più","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lentamente","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"lentamente","lemma":"lentamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lasciava","gloss":"slowly"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of orme","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"orme","lemma":"orma","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of lasciava","gloss":"prints"},{"surface":"nere","lemma":"nero","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies orme","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"dei","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ferri","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"suoi","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"depends on ferri","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"ferri","lemma":"ferro","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies orme","gloss":"shoes"},{"surface":"falcati","lemma":"falcato","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies ferri","gloss":"crescent-shaped"}]},{"number":56,"label":"","id":"freddo-p27-s2","source":"— Ti ricordi, Cumpanzeddu, quando sui monti d’Oliena siamo caduti entro una nurra?","translation":"“Do you remember, Cumpanzeddu, when up on the mountains of Oliena we fell into a nurra?”","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"nurra","title":"«nurra»","body":"A «nurra» is a hollow or sinkhole in the Sardinian karst landscape — a local geological term Deledda uses for regional color, left untranslated in the story."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ti","lemma":"ti","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"reflexive pronoun of ricordi","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"ricordi","lemma":"ricordarsi","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"do you remember"},{"surface":"Cumpanzeddu","lemma":"Cumpanzeddu","morphology":"proper noun","role":"vocative address","gloss":"Cumpanzeddu"},{"surface":"quando","lemma":"quando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of caduti","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"sui","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking monti","gloss":"on the"},{"surface":"monti","lemma":"monte","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of caduti","gloss":"mountains"},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Oliena","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Oliena","lemma":"Oliena","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies monti","gloss":"Oliena"},{"surface":"siamo","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of caduti","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"caduti","lemma":"cadere","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, plural","role":"verb of the quando-clause, modifying ricordi","gloss":"fallen"},{"surface":"entro","lemma":"entro","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nurra","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of nurra","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"nurra","lemma":"nurra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of caduti","gloss":"nurra","note":"Sardinian dialect word for a rocky hollow or den among boulders."}]},{"number":57,"label":"","id":"freddo-p27-s3","source":"E là dicono ci sieno i demoni....","translation":"And they say demons live there….","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ci sieno","title":"Archaic subjunctive «sieno» for «siano»","body":"«Sieno» is an older form of the present subjunctive of «essere» (modern «siano»), still current in early-1900s Sardinian usage; it appears after «dicono che», reporting an unverified belief."}],"words":[{"surface":"E","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"là","lemma":"là","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dicono","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"dicono","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"they say"},{"surface":"ci","lemma":"ci","morphology":"pronoun","role":"locative pronoun with sieno","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"sieno","lemma":"essere","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the clause depending on dicono","gloss":"are","note":"Sieno is an archaic subjunctive form of essere (modern siano)."},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of demoni","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"demoni","lemma":"demone","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of sieno","gloss":"demons"}]},{"number":58,"label":"","id":"freddo-p27-s4","source":"I demoni son neri, la neve è bianca: va là, cammina, Cumpanzeddu.","translation":"Demons are black, snow is white: go on, walk, Cumpanzeddu.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"I","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of demoni","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"demoni","lemma":"demone","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of son","gloss":"demons"},{"surface":"son","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to neri","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"neri","lemma":"nero","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"predicate complement of son","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of neve","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"neve","lemma":"neve","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of è","gloss":"snow"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to bianca","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"bianca","lemma":"bianco","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of è","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"va","lemma":"andare","morphology":"verb, present, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"go on"},{"surface":"là","lemma":"là","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies va","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"cammina","lemma":"camminare","morphology":"verb, present, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"coordinated with va","gloss":"walk"},{"surface":"Cumpanzeddu","lemma":"Cumpanzeddu","morphology":"proper noun","role":"vocative address","gloss":"Cumpanzeddu"}]},{"number":59,"label":"28","id":"freddo-p28-s1","source":"Cumpanzeddu trottava, ma la neve diventava sempre più fitta, incessante, silenziosa.","translation":"Cumpanzeddu trotted on, but the snow grew ever thicker, unceasing, silent.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Cumpanzeddu","lemma":"Cumpanzeddu","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of trottava","gloss":"Cumpanzeddu"},{"surface":"trottava","lemma":"trottare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"trotted on"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of neve","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"neve","lemma":"neve","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of diventava","gloss":"snow"},{"surface":"diventava","lemma":"diventare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with trottava","gloss":"grew"},{"surface":"sempre","lemma":"sempre","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies più","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"più","lemma":"più","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fitta","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"fitta","lemma":"fitto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"complement of diventava","gloss":"thicker"},{"surface":"incessante","lemma":"incessante","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"coordinated with fitta","gloss":"unceasing"},{"surface":"silenziosa","lemma":"silenzioso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with fitta","gloss":"silent"}]},{"number":60,"label":"","id":"freddo-p28-s2","source":"Ci fu un momento in cui Mauro, nonostante il suo stoicismo, ebbe una strana impressione di fascino: gli parve di essere destinato a cavalcare così per tutta la vita, attraverso un paesaggio misterioso, nel silenzio terribile di una nevicata interminabile.","translation":"There was a moment when Mauro, despite his stoicism, had a strange, spellbound impression: it seemed to him that he was destined to ride like this for his whole life, through a mysterious landscape, in the terrible silence of an endless snowfall.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ci","lemma":"ci","morphology":"pronoun","role":"expletive with fu","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"fu","lemma":"essere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of momento","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"momento","lemma":"momento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of fu","gloss":"moment"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cui","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"cui","lemma":"cui","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of ebbe","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"Mauro","lemma":"Mauro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of ebbe","gloss":"Mauro"},{"surface":"nonostante","lemma":"nonostante","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stoicismo","gloss":"despite"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of stoicismo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"suo","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on stoicismo","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"stoicismo","lemma":"stoicismo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of ebbe","gloss":"stoicism"},{"surface":"ebbe","lemma":"avere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on momento","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of impressione","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"strana","lemma":"strano","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies impressione","gloss":"strange"},{"surface":"impressione","lemma":"impressione","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of ebbe","gloss":"impression"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fascino","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"fascino","lemma":"fascino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies impressione","gloss":"spell"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"gli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of parve","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"parve","lemma":"parere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of destinato","gloss":"(that)"},{"surface":"essere","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"passive auxiliary of destinato","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"destinato","lemma":"destinare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"complement of parve","gloss":"destined"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of cavalcare","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"cavalcare","lemma":"cavalcare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of destinato","gloss":"ride"},{"surface":"così","lemma":"così","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies cavalcare","gloss":"like this"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vita","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"tutta","lemma":"tutto","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"depends on vita","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vita","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vita","lemma":"vita","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of cavalcare","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"attraverso","lemma":"attraverso","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking paesaggio","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of paesaggio","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"paesaggio","lemma":"paesaggio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of cavalcare","gloss":"landscape"},{"surface":"misterioso","lemma":"misterioso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies paesaggio","gloss":"mysterious"},{"surface":"nel","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking silenzio","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"silenzio","lemma":"silenzio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of cavalcare","gloss":"silence"},{"surface":"terribile","lemma":"terribile","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies silenzio","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nevicata","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of nevicata","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"nevicata","lemma":"nevicata","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies silenzio","gloss":"snowfall"},{"surface":"interminabile","lemma":"interminabile","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies nevicata","gloss":"endless"}]},{"number":61,"label":"29","id":"freddo-p29-s1","source":"— Hai sonno, diavolo? — domandò a sè stesso, sbadigliando.","translation":"“Are you sleepy, devil that you are?” he asked himself, yawning.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hai","lemma":"avere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"are you","note":"\"Hai sonno\" is the idiom for \"are you sleepy\", literally \"you have sleep\"."},{"surface":"sonno","lemma":"sonno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of Hai","gloss":"sleepy"},{"surface":"diavolo","lemma":"diavolo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"devil"},{"surface":"domandò","lemma":"domandare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sè","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sè","lemma":"sè","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of domandò","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"stesso","lemma":"stesso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies sè","gloss":"self"},{"surface":"sbadigliando","lemma":"sbadigliare","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on domandò","gloss":"yawning"}]},{"number":62,"label":"","id":"freddo-p29-s2","source":"— Vergògnati.","translation":"“Shame on you.”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vergògnati","lemma":"vergognarsi","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular, reflexive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"shame on you"}]},{"number":63,"label":"","id":"freddo-p29-s3","source":"Un giovine valente come te?","translation":"A capable young man like you?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of giovine","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"giovine","lemma":"giovane","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"young man","note":"giovine is a literary/archaic form of giovane, not a distinct word."},{"surface":"valente","lemma":"valente","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies giovine","gloss":"capable"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking te","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of valente","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":64,"label":"","id":"freddo-p29-s4","source":"Cammina, Cumpanzeddu....","translation":"Walk on, Cumpanzeddu….","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Cammina","lemma":"camminare","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"walk on"},{"surface":"Cumpanzeddu","lemma":"Cumpanzeddu","morphology":"proper noun","role":"vocative address","gloss":"Cumpanzeddu"}]},{"number":65,"label":"30","id":"freddo-p30-s1","source":"Ma nonostante tutta la sua valentìa, il freddo lo vinceva, dandogli una sonnolenza strana, pericolosa.","translation":"But despite all his mettle, the cold was overcoming him, giving him a strange, dangerous drowsiness.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"valentìa","title":"«valentìa»","body":"«Valentìa» (courage, mettle, prowess) is a slightly archaic literary noun from «valente», ‘capable, brave’ — it echoes back to the taunt «un giovine valente come te?» in the previous paragraph."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"nonostante","lemma":"nonostante","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking valentìa","gloss":"despite"},{"surface":"tutta","lemma":"tutto","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"depends on valentìa","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of valentìa","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sua","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"depends on valentìa","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"valentìa","lemma":"valentìa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of nonostante","gloss":"mettle"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of freddo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"freddo","lemma":"freddo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of vinceva","gloss":"the cold"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of vinceva","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"vinceva","lemma":"vincere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was overcoming"},{"surface":"dandogli","lemma":"dare","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on vinceva","gloss":"giving him","note":"gli ('to him') is an enclitic pronoun attached to the gerund dando."},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sonnolenza","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sonnolenza","lemma":"sonnolenza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of dandogli","gloss":"drowsiness"},{"surface":"strana","lemma":"strano","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies sonnolenza","gloss":"strange"},{"surface":"pericolosa","lemma":"pericoloso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with strana","gloss":"dangerous"}]},{"number":66,"label":"","id":"freddo-p30-s2","source":"Allora gli venne in mente di bere un sorso d’acquavite, dal fiaschetto ch’egli, sebbene astemio, portava sempre con sè in viaggio per offrirlo ai compagni o agli amici che avrebbe potuto incontrare.","translation":"So it occurred to him to drink a sip of grappa, from the little flask which he, though himself a teetotaler, always carried with him on his travels to offer companions or friends he might meet.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Allora","lemma":"allora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies venne","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"gli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of venne","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"venne","lemma":"venire","morphology":"verb, past historic, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"occurred","note":"venire in mente = 'to occur to (someone)', an idiom."},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mente","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"mente","lemma":"mente","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of venne","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of bere","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"bere","lemma":"bere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of venne","gloss":"drink"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sorso","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sorso","lemma":"sorso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of bere","gloss":"sip"},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking acquavite","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"acquavite","lemma":"acquavite","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies sorso","gloss":"grappa"},{"surface":"dal","lemma":"da il","morphology":"preposition","role":"oblique complement of bere (source)","gloss":"from the"},{"surface":"fiaschetto","lemma":"fiaschetto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of dal, source complement of bere","gloss":"flask"},{"surface":"ch’","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"direct object of portava, refers to fiaschetto","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"egli","lemma":"egli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of portava","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"sebbene","lemma":"sebbene","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces concessive clause on portava","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"astemio","lemma":"astemio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement in the sebbene clause","gloss":"a teetotaler"},{"surface":"portava","lemma":"portare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause verb, modifies fiaschetto","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"sempre","lemma":"sempre","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies portava","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sè","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"sè","lemma":"sé","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of portava","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking viaggio","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"viaggio","lemma":"viaggio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of portava","gloss":"journey"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of offrirlo","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"offrirlo","lemma":"offrire lo","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on portava","gloss":"offer it"},{"surface":"ai","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking compagni","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"compagni","lemma":"compagno","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of offrirlo","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"agli","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking amici","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"amici","lemma":"amico","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with compagni","gloss":"friends"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"direct object of incontrare, refers to amici/compagni","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"avrebbe","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of incontrare","gloss":"would have"},{"surface":"potuto","lemma":"potere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"auxiliary of incontrare","gloss":"been able"},{"surface":"incontrare","lemma":"incontrare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"relative clause on amici","gloss":"meet"}]},{"number":67,"label":"31","id":"freddo-p31-s1","source":"Bevette, uno, due sorsi, facendo delle smorfie nervose: poi sputò contro la neve, in segno di sfida, ridiventato allegro e coraggioso.","translation":"He drank, one, two sips, making nervous grimaces: then he spat against the snow, as a sign of defiance, become cheerful and brave again.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Bevette","lemma":"bere","morphology":"verb, past historic, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"drank"},{"surface":"uno","lemma":"uno","morphology":"numeral, masculine, singular","role":"quantifies sorsi, coordinated with due","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"due","lemma":"due","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies sorsi","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"sorsi","lemma":"sorso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of Bevette","gloss":"sips"},{"surface":"facendo","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on Bevette","gloss":"making"},{"surface":"delle","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking smorfie","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"smorfie","lemma":"smorfia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of facendo","gloss":"grimaces"},{"surface":"nervose","lemma":"nervoso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies smorfie","gloss":"nervous"},{"surface":"poi","lemma":"poi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sputò","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"sputò","lemma":"sputare","morphology":"verb, past historic, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"spat"},{"surface":"contro","lemma":"contro","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking neve","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of neve","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"neve","lemma":"neve","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sputò","gloss":"snow"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking segno","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"segno","lemma":"segno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sputò","gloss":"sign"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sfida","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"sfida","lemma":"sfida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies segno","gloss":"defiance"},{"surface":"ridiventato","lemma":"ridiventare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with sputò","gloss":"become again"},{"surface":"allegro","lemma":"allegro","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"complement of ridiventato","gloss":"cheerful"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"coraggioso","lemma":"coraggioso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with allegro","gloss":"brave"}]},{"number":68,"label":"","id":"freddo-p31-s2","source":"— Un giovine come me, lasciarsi cogliere dal freddo!","translation":"“A young man like me, letting himself be caught by the cold!”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of giovine","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"giovine","lemma":"giovane","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"young man","note":"giovine is a literary/archaic form of giovane."},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking me","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"me","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of giovine","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"lasciarsi","lemma":"lasciare si","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying giovine","gloss":"letting himself"},{"surface":"cogliere","lemma":"cogliere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of lasciarsi","gloss":"be caught"},{"surface":"dal","lemma":"da il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking freddo","gloss":"by the"},{"surface":"freddo","lemma":"freddo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of cogliere","gloss":"cold"}]},{"number":69,"label":"","id":"freddo-p31-s3","source":"Puah!","translation":"Bah!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Puah","lemma":"puah","morphology":"interjection","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Bah"}]},{"number":70,"label":"","id":"freddo-p31-s4","source":"Cammina, Cumpanzeddu!","translation":"Walk on, Cumpanzeddu!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Cammina","lemma":"camminare","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"walk on"},{"surface":"Cumpanzeddu","lemma":"Cumpanzeddu","morphology":"proper noun","role":"vocative address","gloss":"Cumpanzeddu"}]},{"number":71,"label":"32","id":"freddo-p32-s1","source":"*","translation":"*","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[]},{"number":72,"label":"33","id":"freddo-p33-s1","source":"Cumpanzeddu camminava, povera bestia, ma oramai le sue zampe non lasciavano che buchi bianchi sulla neve bianca.","translation":"Cumpanzeddu walked on, poor creature, but by now his legs left only white holes in the white snow.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Cumpanzeddu","lemma":"Cumpanzeddu","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of camminava","gloss":"Cumpanzeddu"},{"surface":"camminava","lemma":"camminare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"walked on"},{"surface":"povera","lemma":"povero","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies bestia","gloss":"poor"},{"surface":"bestia","lemma":"bestia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"appositive to Cumpanzeddu","gloss":"creature"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"oramai","lemma":"oramai","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lasciavano","gloss":"by now"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of zampe","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sue","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"depends on zampe","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"zampe","lemma":"zampa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of lasciavano","gloss":"legs"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lasciavano","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"lasciavano","lemma":"lasciare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with camminava","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"particle","role":"restrictive particle with non (only)","gloss":"only","note":"non...che is a fixed construction meaning 'only', not a true subordinating conjunction here."},{"surface":"buchi","lemma":"buco","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of lasciavano","gloss":"holes"},{"surface":"bianchi","lemma":"bianco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies buchi","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"sulla","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking neve","gloss":"on the"},{"surface":"neve","lemma":"neve","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies buchi","gloss":"snow"},{"surface":"bianca","lemma":"bianco","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies neve","gloss":"white"}]},{"number":73,"label":"","id":"freddo-p33-s2","source":"Le montagne scomparse, gli alberi scomparsi; ogni traccia scomparsa.","translation":"The mountains vanished, the trees vanished; every trace vanished.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of montagne","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"montagne","lemma":"montagna","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"mountains"},{"surface":"scomparse","lemma":"scomparso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies montagne","gloss":"vanished"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of alberi","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"alberi","lemma":"albero","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with montagne","gloss":"trees"},{"surface":"scomparsi","lemma":"scomparso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies alberi","gloss":"vanished"},{"surface":"ogni","lemma":"ogni","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of traccia","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"traccia","lemma":"traccia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with montagne","gloss":"trace"},{"surface":"scomparsa","lemma":"scomparso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies traccia","gloss":"vanished"}]},{"number":74,"label":"","id":"freddo-p33-s3","source":"Mauro si trovava sospeso fra il cielo bianco e la terra bianca, in un’atmosfera densa, o meglio, in una nuvola mobile e silenziosa di neve ghiacciata.","translation":"Mauro found himself suspended between the white sky and the white earth, in a dense atmosphere, or rather, in a moving, silent cloud of frozen snow.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Mauro","lemma":"Mauro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of trovava","gloss":"Mauro"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"reflexive object of trovava","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"trovava","lemma":"trovare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"found himself"},{"surface":"sospeso","lemma":"sospendere","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of trovava","gloss":"suspended"},{"surface":"fra","lemma":"fra","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cielo","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cielo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cielo","lemma":"cielo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sospeso","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"bianco","lemma":"bianco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cielo","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of terra","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"terra","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with cielo","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"bianca","lemma":"bianco","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies terra","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking atmosfera","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"un’","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of atmosfera","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"atmosfera","lemma":"atmosfera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sospeso","gloss":"atmosphere"},{"surface":"densa","lemma":"denso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies atmosfera","gloss":"dense"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"meglio","lemma":"meglio","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the clause (o meglio = 'or rather')","gloss":"rather"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nuvola","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of nuvola","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"nuvola","lemma":"nuvola","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sospeso","gloss":"cloud"},{"surface":"mobile","lemma":"mobile","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies nuvola","gloss":"moving"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"silenziosa","lemma":"silenzioso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with mobile","gloss":"silent"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking neve","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"neve","lemma":"neve","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies nuvola","gloss":"snow"},{"surface":"ghiacciata","lemma":"ghiacciato","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies neve","gloss":"frozen"}]},{"number":75,"label":"","id":"freddo-p33-s4","source":"Talvolta gli sembrava di andare contro una muraglia marmorea, e un vago turbamento cominciava a infastidirlo.","translation":"At times it seemed to him that he was riding against a marble wall, and a vague unease began to trouble him.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Talvolta","lemma":"talvolta","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sembrava","gloss":"at times"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"gli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of sembrava","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"sembrava","lemma":"sembrare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of andare","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"andare","lemma":"andare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of sembrava","gloss":"riding"},{"surface":"contro","lemma":"contro","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking muraglia","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of muraglia","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"muraglia","lemma":"muraglia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of andare","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"marmorea","lemma":"marmoreo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies muraglia","gloss":"marble"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of turbamento","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vago","lemma":"vago","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies turbamento","gloss":"vague"},{"surface":"turbamento","lemma":"turbamento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of cominciava","gloss":"unease"},{"surface":"cominciava","lemma":"cominciare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with sembrava","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of infastidirlo","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"infastidirlo","lemma":"infastidire lo","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of cominciava","gloss":"trouble him"}]},{"number":76,"label":"34","id":"freddo-p34-s1","source":"— Che ti sii smarrito, diavolo?","translation":"“Could you have lost your way, devil?”","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ti sii smarrito","title":"Perfect subjunctive for a doubtful past","body":"«Che ti sii smarrito» uses the present-perfect subjunctive to voice a worried guess about something that may already have happened — ‘could you have lost your way?’ — rather than a plain statement of fact."}],"words":[{"surface":"Che","lemma":"che","morphology":"particle","role":"introduces the doubtful rhetorical question","gloss":"Could it be","note":"'Che' plus a subjunctive verb introduces a doubtful rhetorical question, literally 'that...?'."},{"surface":"ti","lemma":"ti","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"reflexive object of sii smarrito","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"sii","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, subjunctive, second-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of smarrito","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"smarrito","lemma":"smarrire","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (with sii)","gloss":"lost your way"},{"surface":"diavolo","lemma":"diavolo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"devil"}]},{"number":77,"label":"","id":"freddo-p34-s2","source":"Un giovane come te, un galantuomo, un leone?","translation":"A young man like you, a gentleman, a lion?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of giovane","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"giovane","lemma":"giovane","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"young man"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking te","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of giovane","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of galantuomo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"galantuomo","lemma":"galantuomo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"appositive, parallel to giovane (describes te)","gloss":"gentleman"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of leone","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"leone","lemma":"leone","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"appositive, parallel to giovane (describes te)","gloss":"lion"}]},{"number":78,"label":"","id":"freddo-p34-s3","source":"Puah!","translation":"Bah!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Puah","lemma":"puah","morphology":"interjection","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Bah"}]},{"number":79,"label":"35","id":"freddo-p35-s1","source":"Il sonno lo riprendeva, con sogni confusi, dolci e paurosi nello stesso tempo.","translation":"Sleep kept overtaking him, with confused dreams, sweet and frightening at once.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sonno","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sonno","lemma":"sonno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of riprendeva","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of riprendeva","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"riprendeva","lemma":"riprendere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"kept overtaking"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sogni","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"sogni","lemma":"sogno","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of riprendeva","gloss":"dreams"},{"surface":"confusi","lemma":"confuso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies sogni","gloss":"confused"},{"surface":"dolci","lemma":"dolce","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"coordinated with confusi","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"paurosi","lemma":"pauroso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with confusi","gloss":"frightening"},{"surface":"nello","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tempo","gloss":"at the"},{"surface":"stesso","lemma":"stesso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies tempo","gloss":"same"},{"surface":"tempo","lemma":"tempo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies the coordinated adjectives (dolci e paurosi)","gloss":"time"}]},{"number":80,"label":"","id":"freddo-p35-s2","source":"Gli pareva di trovarsi nella sua grande cucina, sulla grossa stuoia di giunchi.","translation":"It seemed to him that he was in his big kitchen, on the thick rush mat.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Gli","lemma":"gli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of pareva","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"pareva","lemma":"parere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of trovarsi","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"trovarsi","lemma":"trovare si","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of pareva","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"nella","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cucina","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"sua","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"depends on cucina","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"grande","lemma":"grande","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies cucina","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"cucina","lemma":"cucina","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of trovarsi","gloss":"kitchen"},{"surface":"sulla","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stuoia","gloss":"on the"},{"surface":"grossa","lemma":"grosso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies stuoia","gloss":"thick"},{"surface":"stuoia","lemma":"stuoia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with cucina","gloss":"mat"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking giunchi","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"giunchi","lemma":"giunco","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies stuoia","gloss":"rushes"}]},{"number":81,"label":"","id":"freddo-p35-s3","source":"Non poteva muoversi: aveva i piedi pesanti.","translation":"He couldn’t move: his feet were heavy.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies muoversi","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"poteva","lemma":"potere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of muoversi","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"muoversi","lemma":"muovere si","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"move"},{"surface":"aveva","lemma":"avere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of piedi","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"piedi","lemma":"piede","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of aveva","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"pesanti","lemma":"pesante","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies piedi","gloss":"heavy"}]},{"number":82,"label":"","id":"freddo-p35-s4","source":"La giovine serva lo accarezzava, ma le sue mani erano fredde gelate, e gli agghiacciavano il viso....","translation":"The young servant girl was caressing him, but her hands were icy cold, and they froze his face….","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of serva","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"giovine","lemma":"giovane","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies serva","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"serva","lemma":"serva","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of accarezzava","gloss":"servant girl"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of accarezzava","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"accarezzava","lemma":"accarezzare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was caressing"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of mani","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sue","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"depends on mani","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"mani","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of erano","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"erano","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to fredde","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"fredde","lemma":"freddo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"predicate complement of erano","gloss":"cold"},{"surface":"gelate","lemma":"gelato","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"intensifies fredde","gloss":"frozen"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of agghiacciavano","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"agghiacciavano","lemma":"agghiacciare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with erano (mani, implied)","gloss":"froze"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of viso","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"viso","lemma":"viso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of agghiacciavano","gloss":"face"}]},{"number":83,"label":"","id":"freddo-p35-s5","source":"In fondo alla cucina s’elevava una muraglia di neve.","translation":"At the back of the kitchen a wall of snow was rising.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"In","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fondo","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"fondo","lemma":"fondo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of elevava","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cucina","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"cucina","lemma":"cucina","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies fondo","gloss":"kitchen"},{"surface":"s’","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive pronoun of elevava","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"elevava","lemma":"elevare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was rising"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of muraglia","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"muraglia","lemma":"muraglia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of elevava","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking neve","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"neve","lemma":"neve","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies muraglia","gloss":"snow"}]},{"number":84,"label":"36","id":"freddo-p36-s1","source":"— Bisogna bere ancora....","translation":"“I must drink again….”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Bisogna","lemma":"bisognare","morphology":"verb, impersonal, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"must","note":"Impersonal verb, literally \"it is necessary\"; rendered as \"I must\" to match the sense."},{"surface":"bere","lemma":"bere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of Bisogna","gloss":"drink"},{"surface":"ancora","lemma":"ancora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bere","gloss":"again"}]},{"number":85,"label":"37","id":"freddo-p37-s1","source":"Nel curvarsi per prendere il flaschetto dalla bisaccia s’accorse che sopra il suo piede la neve aveva deposto un piccolo cono.","translation":"As he bent to take the flask from his saddlebag he noticed that on top of his foot the snow had deposited a little cone.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nel","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking curvarsi","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"curvarsi","lemma":"curvarsi","morphology":"verb, infinitive, reflexive","role":"verb of the temporal clause introduced by Nel","gloss":"he bent"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of prendere","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"prendere","lemma":"prendere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on curvarsi","gloss":"take"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of flaschetto","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"flaschetto","lemma":"fiaschetto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of prendere","gloss":"flask","note":"Older spelling of \"fiaschetto\" (small flask)."},{"surface":"dalla","lemma":"da il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bisaccia","gloss":"from the"},{"surface":"bisaccia","lemma":"bisaccia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of prendere","gloss":"saddlebag"},{"surface":"s’","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive pronoun of accorse","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"accorse","lemma":"accorgersi","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"noticed"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of deposto","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"sopra","lemma":"sopra","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking piede","gloss":"on top of"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of piede","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"suo","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on piede","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"piede","lemma":"piede","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of deposto","gloss":"foot"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of neve","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"neve","lemma":"neve","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of deposto","gloss":"snow"},{"surface":"aveva","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of deposto","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"deposto","lemma":"deporre","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of accorse","gloss":"deposited"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cono","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"piccolo","lemma":"piccolo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cono","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"cono","lemma":"cono","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of deposto","gloss":"cone"}]},{"number":86,"label":"38","id":"freddo-p38-s1","source":"— Ecco perchè ho i piedi pesanti.","translation":"“So that’s why my feet are heavy.”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ecco","lemma":"ecco","morphology":"adverb","role":"combines with perchè for the idiom \"that's why\"","gloss":"that's","note":"\"Ecco perché\" together form the idiom \"that's why\"."},{"surface":"perchè","lemma":"perché","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ho","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"ho","lemma":"avere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of piedi","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"piedi","lemma":"piede","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of ho","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"pesanti","lemma":"pesante","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies piedi","gloss":"heavy"}]},{"number":87,"label":"","id":"freddo-p38-s2","source":"È strano; mi pare che io abbia freddo.","translation":"It’s strange; it seems to me that I’m cold.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"abbia freddo","title":"Subjunctive after «mi pare che»","body":"«Mi pare che» (‘it seems to me that’) governs the present subjunctive «abbia» rather than the indicative «ho» — Mauro states his own condition as an uncertain impression, the first crack in his bravado."}],"words":[{"surface":"È","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to strano","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"strano","lemma":"strano","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"strange"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"indirect object of pare","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"pare","lemma":"parere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seems"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of freddo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"io","lemma":"io","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of freddo","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"abbia","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, subjunctive, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of freddo","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"freddo","lemma":"freddo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of pare","gloss":"cold"}]},{"number":88,"label":"","id":"freddo-p38-s3","source":"Io?","translation":"I?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Io","lemma":"io","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"I"}]},{"number":89,"label":"","id":"freddo-p38-s4","source":"Vergògnati, Maureddu Corrias, vergògnati di aver freddo.","translation":"Shame on you, Maureddu Corrias, shame on you for being cold.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vergògnati","lemma":"vergognarsi","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular, reflexive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"shame on you","note":"Reflexive imperative of \"vergognarsi\" (to be ashamed), with the pronoun \"ti\" attached."},{"surface":"Maureddu","lemma":"Maureddu","morphology":"proper noun","role":"vocative address","gloss":"Maureddu"},{"surface":"Corrias","lemma":"Corrias","morphology":"proper noun","role":"depends on Maureddu","gloss":"Corrias"},{"surface":"vergògnati","lemma":"vergognarsi","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular, reflexive","role":"repeated for emphasis, coordinated with Vergògnati","gloss":"shame on you"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of freddo","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"aver","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of freddo","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"freddo","lemma":"freddo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"complement of aver","gloss":"cold"}]},{"number":90,"label":"39","id":"freddo-p39-s1","source":"Bevette, scosse le gambe, e si guardò attorno.","translation":"He drank, shook his legs, and looked around.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Bevette","lemma":"bere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"drank"},{"surface":"scosse","lemma":"scuotere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with Bevette","gloss":"shook"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of gambe","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"gambe","lemma":"gamba","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of scosse","gloss":"legs"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive pronoun of guardò","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"guardò","lemma":"guardare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with scosse","gloss":"looked"},{"surface":"attorno","lemma":"attorno","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies guardò","gloss":"around"}]},{"number":91,"label":"","id":"freddo-p39-s2","source":"Era già notte: una notte chiara senza luce, senz’aria, senza orizzonte: una nuvola.","translation":"It was already night: a bright night with no light, no air, no horizon: a cloud.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to notte","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"già","lemma":"già","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Era","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"notte","lemma":"notte","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of notte","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"notte","lemma":"notte","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"chiara","lemma":"chiaro","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies notte","gloss":"bright"},{"surface":"senza","lemma":"senza","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking luce","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"luce","lemma":"luce","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies notte","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"senz’","lemma":"senza","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking aria","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"aria","lemma":"aria","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with luce","gloss":"air"},{"surface":"senza","lemma":"senza","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking orizzonte","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"orizzonte","lemma":"orizzonte","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies notte","gloss":"horizon"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of nuvola","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"nuvola","lemma":"nuvola","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"cloud"}]},{"number":92,"label":"","id":"freddo-p39-s3","source":"Ma la muraglia là, in fondo, era diventata grigia, con un punto rosso nel centro.","translation":"But the wall there, in the distance, had turned gray, with a red point at its center.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of muraglia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"muraglia","lemma":"muraglia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of diventata","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"là","lemma":"là","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies muraglia","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fondo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"fondo","lemma":"fondo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of diventata","gloss":"distance"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of diventata","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"diventata","lemma":"diventare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, feminine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"grigia","lemma":"grigio","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"complement of diventata","gloss":"gray"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking punto","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of punto","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"punto","lemma":"punto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of diventata","gloss":"point"},{"surface":"rosso","lemma":"rosso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies punto","gloss":"red"},{"surface":"nel","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking centro","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"centro","lemma":"centro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies punto","gloss":"center"}]},{"number":93,"label":"","id":"freddo-p39-s4","source":"Il cavallo, che ora affondava fin quasi a metà gamba nella neve morbida come spuma, si dirigeva verso il punto rosso.","translation":"The horse, now sinking almost to mid-leg in snow soft as foam, was heading toward the red point.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cavallo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cavallo","lemma":"cavallo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of dirigeva","gloss":"horse"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of affondava","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ora","lemma":"ora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies affondava","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"affondava","lemma":"affondare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on cavallo","gloss":"was sinking"},{"surface":"fin","lemma":"fino","morphology":"adverb","role":"intensifies quasi a metà","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"quasi","lemma":"quasi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies metà","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking metà","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"metà","lemma":"metà","morphology":"noun, feminine","role":"oblique complement of affondava","gloss":"mid"},{"surface":"gamba","lemma":"gamba","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"compound with metà","gloss":"leg"},{"surface":"nella","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking neve","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"neve","lemma":"neve","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of affondava","gloss":"snow"},{"surface":"morbida","lemma":"morbido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies neve","gloss":"soft"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking spuma","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"spuma","lemma":"spuma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies neve","gloss":"foam"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive pronoun of dirigeva","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"dirigeva","lemma":"dirigere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was heading"},{"surface":"verso","lemma":"verso","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking punto","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of punto","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"punto","lemma":"punto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of dirigeva","gloss":"point"},{"surface":"rosso","lemma":"rosso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies punto","gloss":"red"}]},{"number":94,"label":"40","id":"freddo-p40-s1","source":"*","translation":"*","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[]},{"number":95,"label":"41","id":"freddo-p41-s1","source":"Era la cantoniera.","translation":"It was the road-keeper’s house.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"cantoniera","title":"«cantoniera» / «cantoniere»","body":"A «cantoniera» is a roadman’s cottage (from «cantoniere», a highway road-keeper employed by the state to maintain a stretch of road); further on, the word also names the road-keeper’s wife who lives there, a small pun the story plays on."}],"words":[{"surface":"Era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to cantoniera","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cantoniera","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cantoniera","lemma":"cantoniera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"road-keeper's house","note":"A cantoniera is the roadman's lodge along a rural highway."}]},{"number":96,"label":"","id":"freddo-p41-s2","source":"Cumpanzeddu si fermò sotto la fìnestruola rossa, e Mauro non ebbe il coraggio di spronarlo.","translation":"Cumpanzeddu stopped under the little red-lit window, and Mauro did not have the courage to spur him on.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Cumpanzeddu","lemma":"Cumpanzeddu","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of fermò","gloss":"Cumpanzeddu","note":"Sardinian name for the horse, roughly \"little companion\"."},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive pronoun of fermò","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"fermò","lemma":"fermare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stopped"},{"surface":"sotto","lemma":"sotto","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fìnestruola","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of fìnestruola","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fìnestruola","lemma":"fìnestruola","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of fermò","gloss":"little window"},{"surface":"rossa","lemma":"rosso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies fìnestruola","gloss":"red"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Mauro","lemma":"Mauro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of ebbe","gloss":"Mauro"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ebbe","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ebbe","lemma":"avere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with fermò","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of coraggio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"coraggio","lemma":"coraggio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of ebbe","gloss":"courage"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of spronarlo","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"spronarlo","lemma":"spronare lo","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying coraggio","gloss":"spur him on"}]},{"number":97,"label":"42","id":"freddo-p42-s1","source":"— Per me avrei proseguito, — pensò fieramente.","translation":"“As for me, I would have gone on,” he thought proudly.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"avrei proseguito","title":"Conditional perfect for a face-saving claim","body":"«Avrei proseguito» (‘I would have continued’) is the conditional perfect — Mauro reassures his pride with a hypothetical he can never test, blaming the stop on the horse rather than himself."}],"words":[{"surface":"Per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking me","gloss":"as for"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"me","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of proseguito","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"avrei","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, conditional, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of proseguito","gloss":"would have"},{"surface":"proseguito","lemma":"proseguire","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the quoted clause","gloss":"gone on"},{"surface":"pensò","lemma":"pensare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"fieramente","lemma":"fieramente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pensò","gloss":"proudly"}]},{"number":98,"label":"","id":"freddo-p42-s2","source":"— Altro che un po’ di neve ho visto, io!","translation":"“I’ve seen worse than a bit of snow!”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Altro","lemma":"altro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of visto (fronted)","gloss":"worse"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of visto","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of po’","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"po’","lemma":"poco","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies neve","gloss":"bit"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking neve","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"neve","lemma":"neve","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of visto","gloss":"snow"},{"surface":"ho","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of visto","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"visto","lemma":"vedere","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seen"},{"surface":"io","lemma":"io","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of visto","gloss":"I"}]},{"number":99,"label":"","id":"freddo-p42-s3","source":"Ma questa povera diavola di bestia non può andar avanti.","translation":"But this poor devil of a beast can’t go on.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"questa","lemma":"questo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of diavola","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"povera","lemma":"povero","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies diavola","gloss":"poor"},{"surface":"diavola","lemma":"diavola","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of andar","gloss":"devil"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bestia","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"bestia","lemma":"bestia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies diavola","gloss":"beast"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies può","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"può","lemma":"potere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of andar","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"andar","lemma":"andare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"avanti","lemma":"avanti","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies andar","gloss":"on"}]},{"number":100,"label":"43","id":"freddo-p43-s1","source":"Senza smontare battè col tacco la porta.","translation":"Without dismounting he struck the door with his heel.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Senza","lemma":"senza","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of smontare","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"smontare","lemma":"smontare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on battè","gloss":"dismounting"},{"surface":"battè","lemma":"battere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"struck","note":"Older accented spelling of \"batté\" (passato remoto of battere)."},{"surface":"col","lemma":"con il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tacco","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"tacco","lemma":"tacco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of battè","gloss":"heel"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of porta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"porta","lemma":"porta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of battè","gloss":"door"}]},{"number":101,"label":"44","id":"freddo-p44-s1","source":"— Chi è? — gridò una voce di bimbo.","translation":"“Who is it?” cried a child’s voice.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Chi","lemma":"chi","morphology":"pronoun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to Chi","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"gridò","lemma":"gridare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"cried"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of voce","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"voce","lemma":"voce","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of gridò","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bimbo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"bimbo","lemma":"bimbo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies voce","gloss":"child"}]},{"number":102,"label":"45","id":"freddo-p45-s1","source":"Mauro battè ancora, con prepotenza: a un leone come lui si doveva aprir la porta senza domandare “chi è?„","translation":"Mauro struck again, high-handedly: to a lion like him the door ought to be opened without asking “who is it?”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Mauro","lemma":"Mauro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of battè","gloss":"Mauro"},{"surface":"battè","lemma":"battere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ancora","lemma":"ancora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies battè","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking prepotenza","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"prepotenza","lemma":"prepotenza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of battè","gloss":"high-handedness"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking leone","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of leone","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"leone","lemma":"leone","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of aprir","gloss":"lion"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies leone (comparison)","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"lui","lemma":"lui","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"complement of come","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, passive","role":"passive marker of doveva aprir","gloss":"be","note":"Passive si construction: \"si doveva aprire\" = \"was to be opened\"."},{"surface":"doveva","lemma":"dovere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of aprir","gloss":"ought to"},{"surface":"aprir","lemma":"aprire","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"opened"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of porta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"porta","lemma":"porta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of aprir","gloss":"door"},{"surface":"senza","lemma":"senza","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of domandare","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"domandare","lemma":"domandare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on aprir","gloss":"asking"},{"surface":"chi","lemma":"chi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of è","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to chi","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":103,"label":"46","id":"freddo-p46-s1","source":"— Chi è? — gridò una voce di donna.","translation":"“Who is it?” cried a woman’s voice.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Chi","lemma":"chi","morphology":"pronoun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to Chi","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"gridò","lemma":"gridare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"cried"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of voce","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"voce","lemma":"voce","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of gridò","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking donna","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"donna","lemma":"donna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies voce","gloss":"woman"}]},{"number":104,"label":"47","id":"freddo-p47-s1","source":"Mauro battè più forte.","translation":"Mauro struck harder.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Mauro","lemma":"Mauro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of battè","gloss":"Mauro"},{"surface":"battè","lemma":"battere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"più","lemma":"più","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies forte","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"forte","lemma":"forte","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"complement of battè","gloss":"hard"}]},{"number":105,"label":"48","id":"freddo-p48-s1","source":"— Ma chi è? — urlò una voce d’uomo.","translation":"“But who is it?” a man’s voice shouted.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"chi","lemma":"chi","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of è","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"urlò","lemma":"urlare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"shouted"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of voce","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"voce","lemma":"voce","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of urlò","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking uomo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"uomo","lemma":"uomo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies voce","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":106,"label":"49","id":"freddo-p49-s1","source":"— Galantuomini! — rispose il viandante.","translation":"“Gentlemen!” the traveler answered.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Galantuomini","lemma":"galantuomo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Gentlemen"},{"surface":"rispose","lemma":"rispondere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of viandante","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"viandante","lemma":"viandante","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"subject of rispose","gloss":"traveler"}]},{"number":107,"label":"50","id":"freddo-p50-s1","source":"Subito la porta si spalancò, ed egli aggiunse con disprezzo: — oh, che avete paura vi rubino le posate d’argento?","translation":"At once the door was thrown open, and he added with contempt: “oh, are you afraid someone will steal your silver cutlery?”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Subito","lemma":"subito","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies spalancò","gloss":"At once"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of porta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"porta","lemma":"porta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of spalancò","gloss":"door"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"reflexive/passive marker with spalancò","gloss":"itself","note":"si spalancò is a mediopassive: the door \"flung itself\" open."},{"surface":"spalancò","lemma":"spalancare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"flew open"},{"surface":"ed","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"egli","lemma":"egli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of aggiunse","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"aggiunse","lemma":"aggiungere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with spalancò","gloss":"added"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking disprezzo","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"disprezzo","lemma":"disprezzo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of aggiunse","gloss":"contempt"},{"surface":"oh","lemma":"oh","morphology":"interjection","role":"part of the phrase —","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of avete","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"avete","lemma":"avere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"paura","lemma":"paura","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of avete","gloss":"fear"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"indirect object of rubino","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"rubino","lemma":"rubare","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, plural","role":"verb of the clause dependent on paura","gloss":"steal"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of posate","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"posate","lemma":"posata","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of rubino","gloss":"cutlery"},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking argento","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"argento","lemma":"argento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies posate","gloss":"silver"}]},{"number":108,"label":"51","id":"freddo-p51-s1","source":"— Bello mio, — rispose la cantoniera, una bella donna in costume, con un bimbo in braccio, — noi non abbiamo posate d’argento, ma quando domandiamo “chi è?„ ci rispondono ugualmente.","translation":"“My handsome fellow,” answered the road-keeper’s wife, a beautiful woman in costume, with a child in her arms, “we have no silver cutlery, but when we ask ‘who is it?’ people answer us all the same.”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Bello","lemma":"bello","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"vocative term of address, head of the phrase","gloss":"Handsome one"},{"surface":"mio","lemma":"mio","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Bello","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"rispose","lemma":"rispondere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cantoniera","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cantoniera","lemma":"cantoniera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of rispose","gloss":"road-keeper’s wife"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of donna","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bella","lemma":"bello","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies donna","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"donna","lemma":"donna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to cantoniera","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking costume","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"costume","lemma":"costume","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies donna","gloss":"costume"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bimbo","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of bimbo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bimbo","lemma":"bimbo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"describes donna","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking braccio","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"braccio","lemma":"braccio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies bimbo","gloss":"her arms"},{"surface":"noi","lemma":"noi","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of abbiamo","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies abbiamo","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"abbiamo","lemma":"avere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"posate","lemma":"posata","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of abbiamo","gloss":"cutlery"},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking argento","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"argento","lemma":"argento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies posate","gloss":"silver"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"quando","lemma":"quando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of domandiamo","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"domandiamo","lemma":"domandare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the quando-clause","gloss":"ask"},{"surface":"chi","lemma":"chi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of è","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the quoted question, object of domandiamo","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ci","lemma":"ci","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"indirect object of rispondono","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"rispondono","lemma":"rispondere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"answer"},{"surface":"ugualmente","lemma":"ugualmente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rispondono","gloss":"all the same"}]},{"number":109,"label":"","id":"freddo-p51-s2","source":"Cosa vuoi?","translation":"What do you want?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Cosa","lemma":"cosa","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of vuoi","gloss":"What"},{"surface":"vuoi","lemma":"volere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"do you want"}]},{"number":110,"label":"52","id":"freddo-p52-s1","source":"— Dormire qui.","translation":"“To sleep here.”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dormire","lemma":"dormire","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"To sleep"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Dormire","gloss":"here"}]},{"number":111,"label":"","id":"freddo-p52-s2","source":"Le cantoniere sono dei viandanti!","translation":"Road-keepers’ cottages belong to travelers!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of cantoniere","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"cantoniere","lemma":"cantoniera","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of sono","gloss":"cottages"},{"surface":"sono","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"belong"},{"surface":"dei","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking viandanti","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"viandanti","lemma":"viandante","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"travelers"}]},{"number":112,"label":"53","id":"freddo-p53-s1","source":"La cantoniera, cioè la moglie del cantoniere, dovette riconoscere nel giovine un ricco paesano, uno di quelli che si rispettano e si fanno rispettare, perchè non replicò.","translation":"The road-keeper’s wife, that is the wife of the road-keeper, must have recognized in the young man a rich villager, one of those who are respected and command respect, for she did not answer back.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cantoniera","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"cantoniera","lemma":"cantoniera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of dovette","gloss":"road-keeper’s wife"},{"surface":"cioè","lemma":"cioè","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"that is"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of moglie","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"moglie","lemma":"moglie","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to cantoniera","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cantoniere","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"cantoniere","lemma":"cantoniere","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies moglie","gloss":"road-keeper"},{"surface":"dovette","lemma":"dovere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of riconoscere","gloss":"must have"},{"surface":"riconoscere","lemma":"riconoscere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"recognized"},{"surface":"nel","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking giovine","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"giovine","lemma":"giovine","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of riconoscere","gloss":"young man"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of paesano","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ricco","lemma":"ricco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies paesano","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"paesano","lemma":"paesano","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of riconoscere","gloss":"villager"},{"surface":"uno","lemma":"uno","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to paesano","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking quelli","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"quelli","lemma":"quello","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies uno","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of rispettano","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"passive marker with rispettano","gloss":"are","note":"si rispettano is a passive-reflexive: \"are respected.\""},{"surface":"rispettano","lemma":"rispettare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"relative clause on quelli","gloss":"respected"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"depends on fanno","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"fanno","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with rispettano","gloss":"make"},{"surface":"rispettare","lemma":"rispettare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of fanno","gloss":"respected"},{"surface":"perchè","lemma":"perché","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of replicò","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies replicò","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"replicò","lemma":"replicare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on dovette","gloss":"answer back"}]},{"number":113,"label":"","id":"freddo-p53-s2","source":"Solo disse, amabilmente:","translation":"She only said, amiably:","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Solo","lemma":"solo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies disse","gloss":"Only"},{"surface":"disse","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"amabilmente","lemma":"amabilmente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies disse","gloss":"amiably"}]},{"number":114,"label":"54","id":"freddo-p54-s1","source":"— Le cantoniere sono del re, ma anche del cantoniere; se tu però vuoi smontare e ti contenti di poco, sii pure il benvenuto.","translation":"“Road-keepers’ cottages belong to the king, but to the road-keeper too; still, if you want to dismount and are content with little, you are welcome indeed.”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of cantoniere","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"cantoniere","lemma":"cantoniera","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of sono","gloss":"cottages"},{"surface":"sono","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"belong"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking re","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"re","lemma":"re","morphology":"noun, masculine","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"anche","lemma":"anche","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies cantoniere","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cantoniere","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"cantoniere","lemma":"cantoniere","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with re","gloss":"road-keeper"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of smontare","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of smontare","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"però","lemma":"però","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies smontare","gloss":"however"},{"surface":"vuoi","lemma":"volere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of smontare","gloss":"want"},{"surface":"smontare","lemma":"smontare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to dismount"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ti","lemma":"ti","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"reflexive object of contenti","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"contenti","lemma":"contentare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"coordinated with smontare","gloss":"content"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking poco","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"poco","lemma":"poco","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of contenti","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"sii","lemma":"essere","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"coordinated with smontare","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"pure","lemma":"pure","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies benvenuto","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of benvenuto","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"benvenuto","lemma":"benvenuto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of sii","gloss":"welcome"}]},{"number":115,"label":"55","id":"freddo-p55-s1","source":"Egli smontò, fece legare il cavallo, poi entrò nella cucina, pestando i piedi e scuotendosi la neve dal cappotto.","translation":"He dismounted, had the horse tied up, then went into the kitchen, stamping his feet and shaking the snow off his coat.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Egli","lemma":"egli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of smontò","gloss":"He"},{"surface":"smontò","lemma":"smontare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"dismounted"},{"surface":"fece","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with smontò","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"legare","lemma":"legare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of fece","gloss":"tied"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cavallo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cavallo","lemma":"cavallo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of legare","gloss":"horse"},{"surface":"poi","lemma":"poi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies entrò","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"entrò","lemma":"entrare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with smontò","gloss":"went in"},{"surface":"nella","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cucina","gloss":"into the"},{"surface":"cucina","lemma":"cucina","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of entrò","gloss":"kitchen"},{"surface":"pestando","lemma":"pestare","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on smontò","gloss":"stamping"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of piedi","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"piedi","lemma":"piede","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of pestando","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"scuotendosi","lemma":"scuotersi","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"coordinated with pestando","gloss":"shaking off"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of neve","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"neve","lemma":"neve","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of scuotendosi","gloss":"snow"},{"surface":"dal","lemma":"da il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cappotto","gloss":"off his"},{"surface":"cappotto","lemma":"cappotto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of scuotendosi","gloss":"coat"}]},{"number":116,"label":"","id":"freddo-p55-s2","source":"Un piccolo fuoco rischiarava appena l’ambiente misero e freddo.","translation":"A small fire barely lit the poor, cold room.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of fuoco","gloss":"A"},{"surface":"piccolo","lemma":"piccolo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies fuoco","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"fuoco","lemma":"fuoco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of rischiarava","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"rischiarava","lemma":"rischiarare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lit"},{"surface":"appena","lemma":"appena","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rischiarava","gloss":"barely"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of ambiente","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ambiente","lemma":"ambiente","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of rischiarava","gloss":"room"},{"surface":"misero","lemma":"misero","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies ambiente","gloss":"poor"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"freddo","lemma":"freddo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with misero","gloss":"cold"}]},{"number":117,"label":"","id":"freddo-p55-s3","source":"Un uomo, alto e forte, stava seduto in un angolo, e sulle prime Mauro, vedendolo vestito da borghese, con un vecchio abito di fustagno giallognolo, lo credette il cantoniere.","translation":"A man, tall and strong, was sitting in a corner, and at first, seeing him dressed as a commoner, in an old suit of yellowish fustian, Mauro took him for the road-keeper.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"fustagno","title":"«fustagno» — fustian","body":"«Fustagno» is fustian, a coarse, hard-wearing cotton-and-linen cloth worn by working men — a detail marking the stranger as poor before Mauro even speaks to him."}],"words":[{"surface":"Un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of uomo","gloss":"A"},{"surface":"uomo","lemma":"uomo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of seduto","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"alto","lemma":"alto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies uomo","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"forte","lemma":"forte","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"coordinated with alto","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"stava","lemma":"stare","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of seduto","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"seduto","lemma":"sedere","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking angolo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of angolo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"angolo","lemma":"angolo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of seduto","gloss":"corner"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sulle","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom sulle prime","gloss":"at","note":"sulle prime is an idiom meaning \"at first.\""},{"surface":"prime","lemma":"primo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"completes the idiom sulle prime","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"Mauro","lemma":"Mauro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of credette","gloss":"Mauro"},{"surface":"vedendolo","lemma":"vedere","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on credette","gloss":"seeing him","note":"the clitic -lo (\"him\") is attached to the gerund."},{"surface":"vestito","lemma":"vestire","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of vedendolo describing lo","gloss":"dressed"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking borghese","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"borghese","lemma":"borghese","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"oblique complement of vestito","gloss":"a commoner"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking abito","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of abito","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"vecchio","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies abito","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"abito","lemma":"abito","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of vedendolo","gloss":"suit"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fustagno","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"fustagno","lemma":"fustagno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies abito","gloss":"fustian"},{"surface":"giallognolo","lemma":"giallognolo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies fustagno","gloss":"yellowish"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of credette","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"credette","lemma":"credere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with stava","gloss":"took for"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cantoniere","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cantoniere","lemma":"cantoniere","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of credette","gloss":"road-keeper"}]},{"number":118,"label":"56","id":"freddo-p56-s1","source":"— Salute, — disse il giovine proprietario, ridiventato buono e gentile, — è un tempo del diavolo!","translation":"“Good health to you,” said the young landowner, become good-natured and kind again, “it’s devilish weather!”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Salute","lemma":"salute","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase, greeting","gloss":"Good health"},{"surface":"disse","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of proprietario","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"giovine","lemma":"giovine","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies proprietario","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"proprietario","lemma":"proprietario","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of disse","gloss":"landowner"},{"surface":"ridiventato","lemma":"ridiventare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"describes proprietario","gloss":"become again"},{"surface":"buono","lemma":"buono","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"complement of ridiventato","gloss":"good-natured"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gentile","lemma":"gentile","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"coordinated with buono","gloss":"kind"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tempo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tempo","lemma":"tempo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate noun of è","gloss":"weather"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking diavolo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"diavolo","lemma":"diavolo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies tempo","gloss":"devil"}]},{"number":119,"label":"","id":"freddo-p56-s2","source":"Chi sa che ora è!","translation":"Who knows what time it is!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Chi","lemma":"chi","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of sa","gloss":"Who"},{"surface":"sa","lemma":"sapere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"knows"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"determiner, interrogative","role":"modifies ora","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"ora","lemma":"ora","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of è","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of sa","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":120,"label":"57","id":"freddo-p57-s1","source":"— Saranno le sette, credo, — rispose la cantoniera, ritta accanto al fuoco, col bambino in braccio.","translation":"“It must be seven, I think,” answered the road-keeper’s wife, standing by the fire, with the child in her arms.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Saranno le sette","title":"Future for conjecture in the present","body":"«Saranno le sette» (literally ‘it will be seven’) uses the future tense not to predict but to guess at the present time — a very common Italian use of the futuro for approximation."}],"words":[{"surface":"Saranno","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"It must be"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of sette","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sette","lemma":"sette","morphology":"numeral","role":"predicate complement of Saranno","gloss":"seven"},{"surface":"credo","lemma":"credere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"parallel clause to rispose","gloss":"I think"},{"surface":"rispose","lemma":"rispondere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cantoniera","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cantoniera","lemma":"cantoniera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of rispose","gloss":"road-keeper’s wife"},{"surface":"ritta","lemma":"ritto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"describes cantoniera","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"accanto","lemma":"accanto","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fuoco","gloss":"next to"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"determiner of fuoco","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fuoco","lemma":"fuoco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies ritta","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"col","lemma":"con il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bambino","gloss":"with the"},{"surface":"bambino","lemma":"bambino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"describes cantoniera","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking braccio","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"braccio","lemma":"braccio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies bambino","gloss":"her arms"}]},{"number":121,"label":"","id":"freddo-p57-s2","source":"— Mio marito, che è andato a Nuoro, s’è portato via l’orologio.","translation":"“My husband, who has gone to Nuoro, has taken the clock away with him.”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Mio","lemma":"mio","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on marito","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"marito","lemma":"marito","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of portato","gloss":"husband"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of andato","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of andato","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"andato","lemma":"andare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"relative clause on marito","gloss":"gone"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Nuoro","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Nuoro","lemma":"Nuoro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of andato","gloss":"Nuoro"},{"surface":"s’","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of portato","gloss":"with him","note":"portarsi via = to take away with oneself; the reflexive marks he took it for himself."},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of portato","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"portato","lemma":"portare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"taken"},{"surface":"via","lemma":"via","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies portato","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of orologio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"orologio","lemma":"orologio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of portato","gloss":"clock"}]},{"number":122,"label":"58","id":"freddo-p58-s1","source":"Allora Mauro guardò l’uomo e provò una strana impressione: gli parve averlo già veduto in qualche posto, ma non ricordò quando nè dove.","translation":"Then Mauro looked at the man and felt a strange impression: it seemed to him he had already seen him somewhere, but he could not recall when or where.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Allora","lemma":"allora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies guardò","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Mauro","lemma":"Mauro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of guardò","gloss":"Mauro"},{"surface":"guardò","lemma":"guardare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"looked at"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of uomo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"uomo","lemma":"uomo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of guardò","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"provò","lemma":"provare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with guardò","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of impressione","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"strana","lemma":"strano","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies impressione","gloss":"strange"},{"surface":"impressione","lemma":"impressione","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of provò","gloss":"impression"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"gli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of parve","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"parve","lemma":"parere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"averlo","lemma":"avere lo","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of veduto","gloss":"have him"},{"surface":"già","lemma":"già","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies veduto","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"veduto","lemma":"vedere","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"complement of parve","gloss":"seen"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking posto","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"qualche","lemma":"qualche","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of posto","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"posto","lemma":"posto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of veduto","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ricordò","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ricordò","lemma":"ricordare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with parve","gloss":"recalled"},{"surface":"quando","lemma":"quando","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ricordò","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"nè","lemma":"né","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"dove","lemma":"dove","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with quando","gloss":"where"}]},{"number":123,"label":"59","id":"freddo-p59-s1","source":"— Anche questo è un viandante, — spiegò la donna, — un viandante più disgraziato di te.","translation":"“This one too is a traveler,” the woman explained, “a traveler more unfortunate than you.”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Anche","lemma":"anche","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies questo","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"questo","lemma":"questo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of è","gloss":"this one"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to viandante","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of viandante","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"viandante","lemma":"viandante","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"predicate complement of è","gloss":"traveler"},{"surface":"spiegò","lemma":"spiegare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"explained"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of donna","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"donna","lemma":"donna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of spiegò","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of viandante","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"viandante","lemma":"viandante","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to viandante","gloss":"traveler"},{"surface":"più","lemma":"più","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies disgraziato","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"disgraziato","lemma":"disgraziato","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies viandante","gloss":"unfortunate"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking te","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"object of di","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":124,"label":"","id":"freddo-p59-s2","source":"Gli è morto il cavallo per la strada!","translation":"His horse died on him on the road!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Gli","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of morto","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of morto","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"morto","lemma":"morire","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"died"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cavallo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cavallo","lemma":"cavallo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of morto","gloss":"horse"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking strada","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of strada","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"strada","lemma":"strada","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of morto","gloss":"road"}]},{"number":125,"label":"60","id":"freddo-p60-s1","source":"Mauro rise.","translation":"Mauro laughed.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Mauro","lemma":"Mauro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of rise","gloss":"Mauro"},{"surface":"rise","lemma":"ridere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"laughed"}]},{"number":126,"label":"","id":"freddo-p60-s2","source":"Poi trasse dalla sua bisaccia il fiaschetto dell’acquavite e lo porse all’uomo.","translation":"Then he drew from his saddlebag the flask of grappa and held it out to the man.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Poi","lemma":"poi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies trasse","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"trasse","lemma":"trarre","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"drew"},{"surface":"dalla","lemma":"da il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bisaccia","gloss":"from the"},{"surface":"sua","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"depends on bisaccia","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"bisaccia","lemma":"bisaccia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of trasse","gloss":"saddlebag"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of fiaschetto","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fiaschetto","lemma":"fiaschetto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of trasse","gloss":"flask"},{"surface":"dell’","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking acquavite","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"acquavite","lemma":"acquavite","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies fiaschetto","gloss":"grappa"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of porse","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"porse","lemma":"porgere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with trasse","gloss":"held out"},{"surface":"all’","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking uomo","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"uomo","lemma":"uomo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of porse","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":127,"label":"61","id":"freddo-p61-s1","source":"Lo sconosciuto bevette, senz’altro, si pulì la bocca col dorso della mano, restituì il fiaschetto.","translation":"The stranger drank, without further ado, wiped his mouth with the back of his hand, gave back the flask.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Lo","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sconosciuto","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sconosciuto","lemma":"sconosciuto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"subject of bevette","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"bevette","lemma":"bere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"drank"},{"surface":"senz’","lemma":"senza","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies bevette, forms idiom with altro","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"altro","lemma":"altro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"forms idiom senz’altro with senz’","gloss":"further ado","note":"senz’altro here is an idiom meaning \"without further ado\"."},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of pulì","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"pulì","lemma":"pulire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with bevette","gloss":"wiped"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of bocca","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"bocca","lemma":"bocca","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of pulì","gloss":"mouth"},{"surface":"col","lemma":"con il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dorso","gloss":"with the"},{"surface":"dorso","lemma":"dorso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of pulì","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"della","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mano","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"mano","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies dorso","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"restituì","lemma":"restituire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with bevette","gloss":"gave back"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of fiaschetto","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fiaschetto","lemma":"fiaschetto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of restituì","gloss":"flask"}]},{"number":128,"label":"62","id":"freddo-p62-s1","source":"— Sì, — disse, — il mio cavallo è morto improvvisamente, poco lontano di qui.","translation":"“Yes,” he said, “my horse died suddenly, not far from here.”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sì","lemma":"sì","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"disse","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the reporting clause","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cavallo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mio","lemma":"mio","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on cavallo","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"cavallo","lemma":"cavallo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of morto","gloss":"horse"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of morto","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"morto","lemma":"morire","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"died"},{"surface":"improvvisamente","lemma":"improvvisamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies morto","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"poco","lemma":"poco","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lontano","gloss":"not very"},{"surface":"lontano","lemma":"lontano","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies morto","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking qui","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lontano","gloss":"here"}]},{"number":129,"label":"63","id":"freddo-p63-s1","source":"— Eh, almeno i corvi avranno di che sfamarsi, in questi giorni di neve! — osservò Mauro, che non credette alla bugia dello sconosciuto.","translation":"“Well, at least the crows will have something to eat, in these days of snow!” observed Mauro, who did not believe the stranger’s lie.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Eh","lemma":"eh","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"almeno","lemma":"almeno","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies corvi","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of corvi","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"corvi","lemma":"corvo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of avranno","gloss":"crows"},{"surface":"avranno","lemma":"avere","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will have"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of sfamarsi","gloss":"something","note":"\"avere di che\" + infinitive is an idiom meaning \"to have enough to / something with which to\"."},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sfamarsi","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sfamarsi","lemma":"sfamare si","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of avranno","gloss":"feed themselves"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking giorni","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"questi","lemma":"questo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of giorni","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"giorni","lemma":"giorno","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of sfamarsi","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking neve","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"neve","lemma":"neve","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies giorni","gloss":"snow"},{"surface":"osservò","lemma":"osservare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"observed"},{"surface":"Mauro","lemma":"Mauro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of osservò","gloss":"Mauro"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of credette","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies credette","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"credette","lemma":"credere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on Mauro","gloss":"believed"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bugia","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"bugia","lemma":"bugia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of credette","gloss":"lie"},{"surface":"dello","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sconosciuto","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"sconosciuto","lemma":"sconosciuto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies bugia","gloss":"stranger"}]},{"number":130,"label":"","id":"freddo-p63-s2","source":"— Bevi, donna.","translation":"“Drink, woman.”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Bevi","lemma":"bere","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"drink"},{"surface":"donna","lemma":"donna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"woman"}]},{"number":131,"label":"","id":"freddo-p63-s3","source":"Tu non vuoi bere?","translation":"You don’t want to drink?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of vuoi","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vuoi","gloss":"don’t"},{"surface":"vuoi","lemma":"volere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"want"},{"surface":"bere","lemma":"bere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of vuoi","gloss":"to drink"}]},{"number":132,"label":"","id":"freddo-p63-s4","source":"Fa bere al tuo bambino: gli farà bene, ti dico io, gli farà bene.","translation":"Give your child a drink: it’ll do him good, I tell you, it’ll do him good.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Fa","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"give","note":"fare + infinitive is causative (\"make/have someone do\"); \"fa bere\" idiomatically means \"give a drink\"."},{"surface":"bere","lemma":"bere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of Fa","gloss":"drink"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bambino","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"tuo","lemma":"tuo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on bambino","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"bambino","lemma":"bambino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of bere","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of farà","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"farà","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will do"},{"surface":"bene","lemma":"bene","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies farà","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"ti","lemma":"ti","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"indirect object of dico","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"dico","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the parenthetical clause","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"io","lemma":"io","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of dico","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of farà","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"farà","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"repeats farà","gloss":"will do"},{"surface":"bene","lemma":"bene","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies farà","gloss":"good"}]},{"number":133,"label":"","id":"freddo-p63-s5","source":"Bisogna abituarsi da bambini, a bere, altrimenti si prende il vizio di non bere, come l’ho preso io.","translation":"One must get used to drinking as a child, otherwise one picks up the vice of not drinking, as I have.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Bisogna abituarsi","title":"«bisognare» + reflexive infinitive","body":"«Bisogna abituarsi» (‘one must get accustomed’) pairs the impersonal «bisogna» with a reflexive infinitive; Mauro’s tipsy logic — that abstaining is itself ‘a vice’ — is delivered with mock solemnity through this impersonal phrasing."}],"words":[{"surface":"Bisogna","lemma":"bisognare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"one must"},{"surface":"abituarsi","lemma":"abituare si","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of Bisogna","gloss":"get used"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bambini","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"bambini","lemma":"bambino","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of abituarsi","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of bere","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"bere","lemma":"bere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of abituarsi","gloss":"drinking"},{"surface":"altrimenti","lemma":"altrimenti","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies prende","gloss":"otherwise"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, impersonal","role":"expletive with prende","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"prende","lemma":"prendere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the altrimenti clause","gloss":"picks up"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vizio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vizio","lemma":"vizio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of prende","gloss":"vice"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of bere","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bere","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"bere","lemma":"bere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying vizio","gloss":"drinking"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of preso","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of preso","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ho","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of preso","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"preso","lemma":"prendere","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the come clause","gloss":"taken"},{"surface":"io","lemma":"io","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of preso","gloss":"I"}]},{"number":134,"label":"","id":"freddo-p63-s6","source":"E tu, lo straniero, bevi ancora?","translation":"And you, stranger, will you drink some more?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"E","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of bevi","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of straniero","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"straniero","lemma":"straniero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"appositive to tu","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"bevi","lemma":"bere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will you drink"},{"surface":"ancora","lemma":"ancora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bevi","gloss":"more"}]},{"number":135,"label":"64","id":"freddo-p64-s1","source":"L’altro non si fece pregare.","translation":"The other did not need to be begged.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"L’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of altro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"altro","lemma":"altro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of fece","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fece","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive object of the causative fece pregare","gloss":"himself","note":"farsi pregare (\"to have oneself begged\") idiomatically means to need coaxing/persuading."},{"surface":"fece","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"pregare","lemma":"pregare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of fece","gloss":"be begged"}]},{"number":136,"label":"65","id":"freddo-p65-s1","source":"*","translation":"*","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[]},{"number":137,"label":"66","id":"freddo-p66-s1","source":"La cantoniera si ritirò presto e i due uomini rimasero soli nella cucina.","translation":"The road-keeper’s wife retired early and the two men remained alone in the kitchen.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cantoniera","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cantoniera","lemma":"cantoniera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of ritirò","gloss":"road-keeper’s wife"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of ritirò","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"ritirò","lemma":"ritirare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"retired"},{"surface":"presto","lemma":"presto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ritirò","gloss":"early"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of uomini","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"due","lemma":"due","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies uomini","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"uomini","lemma":"uomo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of rimasero","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"rimasero","lemma":"rimanere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with ritirò","gloss":"remained"},{"surface":"soli","lemma":"solo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"complement of rimasero","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"nella","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cucina","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"cucina","lemma":"cucina","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of rimasero","gloss":"kitchen"}]},{"number":138,"label":"","id":"freddo-p66-s2","source":"Ogni tanto Mauro offriva il suo fiaschetto.","translation":"Every so often Mauro offered his flask.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ogni","lemma":"ogni","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of tanto","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"tanto","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"forms adverbial phrase ogni tanto modifying offriva","gloss":"so often"},{"surface":"Mauro","lemma":"Mauro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of offriva","gloss":"Mauro"},{"surface":"offriva","lemma":"offrire","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"offered"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of fiaschetto","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"suo","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on fiaschetto","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"fiaschetto","lemma":"fiaschetto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of offriva","gloss":"flask"}]},{"number":139,"label":"","id":"freddo-p66-s3","source":"L’altro beveva: i suoi occhi nerissimi e rotondi, vicini, quasi sospesi sopra un naso aquilino, diventarono lucenti.","translation":"The other drank: his very black, round eyes, close-set, almost suspended above an aquiline nose, grew bright.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"L’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of altro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"altro","lemma":"altro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of beveva","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"beveva","lemma":"bere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"drank"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of occhi","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"suoi","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"depends on occhi","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"occhi","lemma":"occhio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of diventarono","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"nerissimi","lemma":"nerissimo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies occhi","gloss":"very black"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"rotondi","lemma":"rotondo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with nerissimi","gloss":"round"},{"surface":"vicini","lemma":"vicino","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with nerissimi","gloss":"close-set"},{"surface":"quasi","lemma":"quasi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sospesi","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"sospesi","lemma":"sospendere","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with nerissimi","gloss":"suspended"},{"surface":"sopra","lemma":"sopra","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking naso","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of naso","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"naso","lemma":"naso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sospesi","gloss":"nose"},{"surface":"aquilino","lemma":"aquilino","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies naso","gloss":"aquiline"},{"surface":"diventarono","lemma":"diventare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"grew"},{"surface":"lucenti","lemma":"lucente","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"complement of diventarono","gloss":"bright"}]},{"number":140,"label":"","id":"freddo-p66-s4","source":"Nel focolare ardeva un tronco che Mauro era andato a scovare fra la neve.","translation":"In the hearth burned a log that Mauro had gone to dig out of the snow.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nel","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking focolare","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"focolare","lemma":"focolare","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of ardeva","gloss":"hearth"},{"surface":"ardeva","lemma":"ardere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"burned"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tronco","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tronco","lemma":"tronco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of ardeva","gloss":"log"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of scovare","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Mauro","lemma":"Mauro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of andato","gloss":"Mauro"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of andato","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"andato","lemma":"andare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"relative clause on tronco","gloss":"gone"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of scovare","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"scovare","lemma":"scovare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of andato","gloss":"dig out"},{"surface":"fra","lemma":"fra","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking neve","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of neve","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"neve","lemma":"neve","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of scovare","gloss":"snow"}]},{"number":141,"label":"67","id":"freddo-p67-s1","source":"Una cosa bizzarra accadeva.","translation":"A strange thing was happening.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cosa","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"cosa","lemma":"cosa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of accadeva","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"bizzarra","lemma":"bizzarro","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies cosa","gloss":"strange"},{"surface":"accadeva","lemma":"accadere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was happening"}]},{"number":142,"label":"","id":"freddo-p67-s2","source":"Mentre Mauro, che non beveva, chiacchierava, vantandosi e ridendo come un ubbriaco, l’altro diventava sempre più taciturno e raccolto.","translation":"While Mauro, who was not drinking, chattered, boasting and laughing like a drunk, the other man grew more and more silent and withdrawn.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ubbriaco","title":"Older spelling of «ubriaco»","body":"«Ubbriaco» (double b) is an older spelling of the modern «ubriaco», ‘drunk’ — a small period touch of early-1900s orthography, kept as printed."}],"words":[{"surface":"Mentre","lemma":"mentre","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of chiacchierava","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"Mauro","lemma":"Mauro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of chiacchierava","gloss":"Mauro"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of beveva","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies beveva","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"beveva","lemma":"bere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on chiacchierava","gloss":"was drinking","note":"older/regional spelling of bere ('to drink')"},{"surface":"chiacchierava","lemma":"chiacchierare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the mentre clause","gloss":"chattered"},{"surface":"vantandosi","lemma":"vantare si","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on chiacchierava","gloss":"boasting"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ridendo","lemma":"ridere","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"coordinated with vantandosi","gloss":"laughing"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ubbriaco","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of ubbriaco","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ubbriaco","lemma":"ubriaco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of ridendo","gloss":"drunk","note":"older spelling of ubriaco ('drunk')"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of altro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"altro","lemma":"altro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of diventava","gloss":"other one"},{"surface":"diventava","lemma":"diventare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"grew"},{"surface":"sempre","lemma":"sempre","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies più","gloss":"increasingly"},{"surface":"più","lemma":"più","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies taciturno","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"taciturno","lemma":"taciturno","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"complement of diventava","gloss":"silent"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"raccolto","lemma":"raccogliere","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with taciturno","gloss":"withdrawn"}]},{"number":143,"label":"","id":"freddo-p67-s3","source":"Invitato dal giovine proprietario s’era avvicinato al fuoco: ora sedeva per terra, a gambe in croce, ma era così gigantesco che la sua testa, coperta da un cencio di cappello bagnato, arrivava quasi al livello della testa di Mauro seduto su uno sgabello.","translation":"Invited by the young landowner he had drawn near the fire: now he sat on the floor, cross-legged, but he was so gigantic that his head, covered by a wet rag of a hat, came up almost to the level of Mauro’s head, seated on a stool.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Invitato","lemma":"invitare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial clause on avvicinato","gloss":"invited"},{"surface":"dal","lemma":"da il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking proprietario","gloss":"by the"},{"surface":"giovine","lemma":"giovane","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies proprietario","gloss":"young","note":"older spelling of giovane ('young')"},{"surface":"proprietario","lemma":"proprietario","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of avvicinato","gloss":"landowner"},{"surface":"s’","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"reflexive pronoun of avvicinato","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of avvicinato","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"avvicinato","lemma":"avvicinare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"drawn near"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fuoco","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"fuoco","lemma":"fuoco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of avvicinato","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"ora","lemma":"ora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sedeva","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"sedeva","lemma":"sedere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking terra","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"terra","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sedeva","gloss":"the floor"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gambe","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"gambe","lemma":"gamba","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of sedeva","gloss":"legs"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking croce","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"croce","lemma":"croce","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies gambe","gloss":"a cross"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to gigantesco","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"così","lemma":"così","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gigantesco","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"gigantesco","lemma":"gigantesco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of era","gloss":"gigantic"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of arrivava","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of testa","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sua","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"depends on testa","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"testa","lemma":"testa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of arrivava","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"coperta","lemma":"coprire","morphology":"verb, past, participle, feminine, singular","role":"clause modifying testa","gloss":"covered"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cencio","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cencio","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"cencio","lemma":"cencio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"agent of coperta","gloss":"rag"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cappello","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cappello","lemma":"cappello","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cencio","gloss":"hat"},{"surface":"bagnato","lemma":"bagnato","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cappello","gloss":"wet"},{"surface":"arrivava","lemma":"arrivare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause introduced by che","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"quasi","lemma":"quasi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies livello","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking livello","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"livello","lemma":"livello","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of arrivava","gloss":"level"},{"surface":"della","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking testa","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"testa","lemma":"testa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies livello","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Mauro","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Mauro","lemma":"Mauro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies testa","gloss":"Mauro"},{"surface":"seduto","lemma":"sedere","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying Mauro","gloss":"seated"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sgabello","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"uno","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sgabello","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sgabello","lemma":"sgabello","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of seduto","gloss":"stool"}]},{"number":144,"label":"68","id":"freddo-p68-s1","source":"— Io vado verso Bono, — raccontava Mauro.","translation":"“I’m headed toward Bono,” Mauro was telling him.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Io","lemma":"io","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of vado","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"vado","lemma":"andare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the quoted clause","gloss":"am going"},{"surface":"verso","lemma":"verso","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Bono","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"Bono","lemma":"Bono","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of vado","gloss":"Bono"},{"surface":"raccontava","lemma":"raccontare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was telling"},{"surface":"Mauro","lemma":"Mauro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of raccontava","gloss":"Mauro"}]},{"number":145,"label":"","id":"freddo-p68-s2","source":"— Vado in cerca d’un bosco di quercie, ove ci sieno molte ghiande per i miei porci.","translation":"“I’m looking for a wood of oaks, where there might be plenty of acorns for my pigs.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ci sieno","title":"Subjunctive «sieno» after «ove»","body":"Again the archaic subjunctive «sieno» (for «siano»), here after the relative «ove» (‘where’) expressing a hoped-for, not certain, quantity of acorns."}],"words":[{"surface":"Vado","lemma":"andare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cerca","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"cerca","lemma":"cerca","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Vado","gloss":"search"},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bosco","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of bosco","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bosco","lemma":"bosco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cerca","gloss":"wood"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking quercie","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"quercie","lemma":"quercia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies bosco","gloss":"oaks"},{"surface":"ove","lemma":"ove","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sieno","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"ci","lemma":"ci","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"expletive with sieno","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"sieno","lemma":"essere","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, plural","role":"adverbial clause on Vado","gloss":"might be","note":"archaic/dialectal subjunctive of essere (= siano)"},{"surface":"molte","lemma":"molto","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of ghiande","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ghiande","lemma":"ghianda","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of sieno","gloss":"acorns"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking porci","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of porci","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"miei","lemma":"mio","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"depends on porci","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"porci","lemma":"porco","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of sieno","gloss":"pigs"}]},{"number":146,"label":"","id":"freddo-p68-s3","source":"Sono disposto a pagare anche trecento scudi di fitto, ma voglio ingrassare i miei porci.","translation":"I’m willing to pay even three hundred scudi in rent, but I want to fatten my pigs.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sono","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to disposto","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"disposto","lemma":"disporre","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"willing"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of pagare","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"pagare","lemma":"pagare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on disposto","gloss":"pay"},{"surface":"anche","lemma":"anche","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies trecento","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"trecento","lemma":"trecento","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies scudi","gloss":"three hundred"},{"surface":"scudi","lemma":"scudo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of pagare","gloss":"scudi"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fitto","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"fitto","lemma":"fitto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies scudi","gloss":"rent"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"voglio","lemma":"volere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of ingrassare","gloss":"want"},{"surface":"ingrassare","lemma":"ingrassare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with pagare","gloss":"fatten"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of porci","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"miei","lemma":"mio","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"depends on porci","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"porci","lemma":"porco","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of ingrassare","gloss":"pigs"}]},{"number":147,"label":"","id":"freddo-p68-s4","source":"Quest’anno a Nuoro non si trovano ghiande.","translation":"This year no acorns are to be found around Nuoro.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quest’","lemma":"questo","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of anno","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"anno","lemma":"anno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of trovano","gloss":"year"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Nuoro","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Nuoro","lemma":"Nuoro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of trovano","gloss":"Nuoro"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies trovano","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"expletive with trovano","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"trovano","lemma":"trovare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"ghiande","lemma":"ghianda","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of trovano","gloss":"acorns"}]},{"number":148,"label":"69","id":"freddo-p69-s1","source":"— Tu che sei nuorese, — disse allora l’uomo vestito di fustagno, — conosci per caso un certo Mauro Corrias?","translation":"“Since you’re from Nuoro,” the man dressed in fustian then said, “do you happen to know a certain Mauro Corrias?”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of sei","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"sei","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"copula linking to nuorese","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"nuorese","lemma":"nuorese","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate complement of sei","gloss":"from Nuoro"},{"surface":"disse","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"allora","lemma":"allora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies disse","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of uomo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"uomo","lemma":"uomo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of disse","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"vestito","lemma":"vestire","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying uomo","gloss":"dressed"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fustagno","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"fustagno","lemma":"fustagno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of vestito","gloss":"fustian"},{"surface":"conosci","lemma":"conoscere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the quoted question","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking caso","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"caso","lemma":"caso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of conosci","gloss":"chance"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Mauro","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"certo","lemma":"certo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Mauro","gloss":"certain"},{"surface":"Mauro","lemma":"Mauro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of conosci","gloss":"Mauro"},{"surface":"Corrias","lemma":"Corrias","morphology":"proper noun","role":"depends on Mauro","gloss":"Corrias"}]},{"number":149,"label":"70","id":"freddo-p70-s1","source":"Un oscuro istinto avvertì il giovine di mentire; ma egli era troppo vanitoso e non potè.","translation":"A dark instinct warned the young man to lie; but he was too vain, and could not.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of istinto","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"oscuro","lemma":"oscuro","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies istinto","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"istinto","lemma":"istinto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of avvertì","gloss":"instinct"},{"surface":"avvertì","lemma":"avvertire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"warned"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of giovine","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"giovine","lemma":"giovane","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of avvertì","gloss":"young man","note":"older spelling of giovane ('young man')"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of mentire","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"mentire","lemma":"mentire","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying giovine","gloss":"lie"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"egli","lemma":"egli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of vanitoso","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to vanitoso","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"troppo","lemma":"troppo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vanitoso","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"vanitoso","lemma":"vanitoso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"vain"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies potè","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"potè","lemma":"potere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with era","gloss":"could"}]},{"number":150,"label":"71","id":"freddo-p71-s1","source":"— Un certo?","translation":"“A certain?”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of certo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"certo","lemma":"certo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"certain"}]},{"number":151,"label":"","id":"freddo-p71-s2","source":"Un certo?","translation":"A certain one?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of certo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"certo","lemma":"certo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"certain"}]},{"number":152,"label":"","id":"freddo-p71-s3","source":"Ma che certo?","translation":"What do you mean, a certain one?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"certo","lemma":"certo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies che","gloss":"certain"}]},{"number":153,"label":"","id":"freddo-p71-s4","source":"Mauro Corrias ce n’è uno solo, un galantuomo, un leone; e sono io! — disse francamente.","translation":"There’s only one Mauro Corrias, a gentleman, a lion; and it’s me! — he said frankly.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Mauro","lemma":"Mauro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"topic of ce n’è","gloss":"Mauro"},{"surface":"Corrias","lemma":"Corrias","morphology":"proper noun","role":"depends on Mauro","gloss":"Corrias"},{"surface":"ce","lemma":"ci","morphology":"pronoun","role":"expletive with è","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"n’","lemma":"ne","morphology":"pronoun","role":"expletive with è","gloss":"of them","note":"'ce n'è' = 'there is (one) of them' — idiomatic existential construction"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to uno","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"uno","lemma":"uno","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of è","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"solo","lemma":"solo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies uno","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of galantuomo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"galantuomo","lemma":"galantuomo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with uno","gloss":"gentleman"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of leone","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"leone","lemma":"leone","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with uno","gloss":"lion"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sono","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to io","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"io","lemma":"io","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"disse","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"francamente","lemma":"francamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies disse","gloss":"frankly"}]},{"number":154,"label":"","id":"freddo-p71-s5","source":"— Che hai tu da dire a Mauro Corrias?","translation":"“What do you have to say to Mauro Corrias?”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"direct object of dire","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"hai","lemma":"avere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of hai","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of dire","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"dire","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of hai","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Mauro","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Mauro","lemma":"Mauro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of dire","gloss":"Mauro"},{"surface":"Corrias","lemma":"Corrias","morphology":"proper noun","role":"depends on Mauro","gloss":"Corrias"}]},{"number":155,"label":"72","id":"freddo-p72-s1","source":"— No; domandavo così: t’ho sentito nominare.","translation":"“No; I was just asking: I heard your name mentioned.”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"interjection","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"domandavo","lemma":"domandare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was asking"},{"surface":"così","lemma":"così","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies domandavo","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"t’","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of sentito","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ho","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of sentito","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"sentito","lemma":"sentire","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"nominare","lemma":"nominare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of sentito","gloss":"mentioned"}]},{"number":156,"label":"","id":"freddo-p72-s2","source":"Sei molto ricco?","translation":"Are you very rich?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sei","lemma":"essere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"copula linking to ricco","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"molto","lemma":"molto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ricco","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ricco","lemma":"ricco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"rich"}]},{"number":157,"label":"73","id":"freddo-p73-s1","source":"— Sicuro che son ricco!","translation":"“Sure I’m rich!”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sicuro","lemma":"sicuro","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"sure"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of son","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"son","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to ricco","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"ricco","lemma":"ricco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of Sicuro","gloss":"rich"}]},{"number":158,"label":"","id":"freddo-p73-s2","source":"Cento porci, duecento pecore; tutti mi rispettano.","translation":"A hundred pigs, two hundred sheep; everyone respects me.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Cento","lemma":"cento","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies porci","gloss":"a hundred"},{"surface":"porci","lemma":"porco","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"pigs"},{"surface":"duecento","lemma":"duecento","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies pecore","gloss":"two hundred"},{"surface":"pecore","lemma":"pecora","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with porci","gloss":"sheep"},{"surface":"tutti","lemma":"tutto","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of rispettano","gloss":"everyone"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of rispettano","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"rispettano","lemma":"rispettare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"respect"}]},{"number":159,"label":"","id":"freddo-p73-s3","source":"Bevi, lo straniero, che arte è la tua?","translation":"Drink, stranger, what is your trade?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Bevi","lemma":"bere","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Drink"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of straniero","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"straniero","lemma":"straniero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address to Bevi","gloss":"stranger","note":"Vocative address using the definite article, as often in Italian direct address."},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"determiner, interrogative","role":"determiner of arte","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"arte","lemma":"arte","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of è","gloss":"trade"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking arte and tua","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of tua","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tua","lemma":"tuo","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate of è","gloss":"yours"}]},{"number":160,"label":"74","id":"freddo-p74-s1","source":"— Contadino, — rispose l’altro, e tornò a fissare sulla fiamma i suoi occhi rotondi e lucenti.","translation":"“A farmhand,” the other answered, and went back to fixing his round, bright eyes on the flame.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Contadino","lemma":"contadino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"quoted answer, complement of rispose","gloss":"A farmhand"},{"surface":"rispose","lemma":"rispondere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of altro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"altro","lemma":"altro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of rispose","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tornò","lemma":"tornare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with rispose","gloss":"went back"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of fissare","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"fissare","lemma":"fissare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of tornò","gloss":"fixing"},{"surface":"sulla","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fiamma","gloss":"on the"},{"surface":"fiamma","lemma":"fiamma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of fissare","gloss":"flame"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of occhi","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"suoi","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"depends on occhi","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"occhi","lemma":"occhio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of fissare","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"rotondi","lemma":"rotondo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies occhi","gloss":"round"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lucenti","lemma":"lucente","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"coordinated with rotondi","gloss":"bright"}]},{"number":161,"label":"75","id":"freddo-p75-s1","source":"Mauro riprese a chiacchierare e a vantare la sua roba.","translation":"Mauro went back to chattering and boasting of his possessions.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Mauro","lemma":"Mauro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of riprese","gloss":"Mauro"},{"surface":"riprese","lemma":"riprendere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went back"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of chiacchierare","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"chiacchierare","lemma":"chiacchierare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of riprese","gloss":"chattering"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of vantare","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"vantare","lemma":"vantare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with chiacchierare","gloss":"boasting"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of roba","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sua","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"depends on roba","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"roba","lemma":"roba","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of vantare","gloss":"possessions"}]},{"number":162,"label":"76","id":"freddo-p76-s1","source":"— I miei porci?","translation":"“My pigs?”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"I","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of porci","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"miei","lemma":"mio","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"depends on porci","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"porci","lemma":"porco","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"pigs"}]},{"number":163,"label":"","id":"freddo-p76-s2","source":"I più belli dei salti di Nuoro.","translation":"The finest in all the woodlands of Nuoro.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"salti","title":"«salti» — communal woodland pasture","body":"In Sardinian usage a «salto» is a stretch of common woodland or pasture used for grazing and foraging (here, for pigs on acorns) — a regional sense of the word, not ‘jumps’."}],"words":[{"surface":"I","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of belli","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"più","lemma":"più","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies belli","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"belli","lemma":"bello","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"finest"},{"surface":"dei","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking salti","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"salti","lemma":"salto","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of belli","gloss":"woodlands","note":"\"Salto\" is a Sardinian regional term for a stretch of wooded common land, not the standard sense \"jump.\""},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Nuoro","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Nuoro","lemma":"Nuoro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies salti","gloss":"Nuoro"}]},{"number":164,"label":"","id":"freddo-p76-s3","source":"Girerò tutta l’isola, ma bisogna che trovi un bel bosco.","translation":"I’ll go all over the island, but I need to find a good wood.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Girerò","lemma":"girare","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I’ll go around"},{"surface":"tutta","lemma":"tutto","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"depends on isola","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of isola","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"isola","lemma":"isola","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of Girerò","gloss":"island"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"bisogna","lemma":"bisognare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular, impersonal","role":"coordinated with Girerò","gloss":"is necessary"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of trovi","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"trovi","lemma":"trovare","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, first-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of bisogna","gloss":"find"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of bosco","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bel","lemma":"bello","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies bosco","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"bosco","lemma":"bosco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of trovi","gloss":"wood"}]},{"number":165,"label":"","id":"freddo-p76-s4","source":"Ho un bosco anch’io, sui monti di Nuoro, dove la scure non ha mai sfiorato un tronco.","translation":"I have a wood of my own too, up in the mountains of Nuoro, where the axe has never touched a trunk.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ho","lemma":"avere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I have"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of bosco","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bosco","lemma":"bosco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of Ho","gloss":"wood"},{"surface":"anch’","lemma":"anche","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizes io","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"io","lemma":"io","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"emphatic restatement of the subject of Ho","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"sui","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking monti","gloss":"on the"},{"surface":"monti","lemma":"monte","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of Ho","gloss":"mountains"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Nuoro","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Nuoro","lemma":"Nuoro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies monti","gloss":"Nuoro"},{"surface":"dove","lemma":"dove","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the relative clause on monti","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of scure","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"scure","lemma":"scure","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of sfiorato","gloss":"axe"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sfiorato","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of sfiorato","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"mai","lemma":"mai","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sfiorato","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"sfiorato","lemma":"sfiorare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause introduced by dove","gloss":"touched"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tronco","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tronco","lemma":"tronco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of sfiorato","gloss":"trunk"}]},{"number":166,"label":"","id":"freddo-p76-s5","source":"Ma quest’anno non c’è una ghianda, neppure per farne bersaglio ad un colpo di fucile.","translation":"But this year there isn’t a single acorn, not even one to use as a target for a rifle shot.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"quest’","lemma":"questo","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of anno","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"anno","lemma":"anno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"temporal adjunct of è","gloss":"year"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies è","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"c’","lemma":"ci","morphology":"pronoun","role":"expletive with è","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ghianda","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ghianda","lemma":"ghianda","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of è","gloss":"acorn"},{"surface":"neppure","lemma":"neppure","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies farne","gloss":"not even"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of farne","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"farne","lemma":"fare ne","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"purpose clause, modifies ghianda","gloss":"make of it"},{"surface":"bersaglio","lemma":"bersaglio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of farne","gloss":"target"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking colpo","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of colpo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"colpo","lemma":"colpo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of farne","gloss":"shot"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fucile","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"fucile","lemma":"fucile","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies colpo","gloss":"rifle"}]},{"number":167,"label":"","id":"freddo-p76-s6","source":"L’anno scorso sì, era una buona annata.","translation":"Last year, yes, it was a good year.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"L’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of anno","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"anno","lemma":"anno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"temporal adjunct of era","gloss":"year"},{"surface":"scorso","lemma":"scorso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies anno","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"sì","lemma":"sì","morphology":"adverb","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to annata","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of annata","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"buona","lemma":"buono","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies annata","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"annata","lemma":"annata","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of era","gloss":"year","note":"\"Annata\" specifically means a year's yield/harvest, not just a calendar year."}]},{"number":168,"label":"","id":"freddo-p76-s7","source":"Ma l’inverno fu mite e quest’anno, in conseguenza, l’annata è cattiva.","translation":"But the winter was mild and, as a result, this year’s crop is poor.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of inverno","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"inverno","lemma":"inverno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of fu","gloss":"winter"},{"surface":"fu","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to mite","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"mite","lemma":"mite","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate of fu","gloss":"mild"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"quest’","lemma":"questo","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of anno","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"anno","lemma":"anno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"temporal adjunct of è","gloss":"year"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking conseguenza","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"conseguenza","lemma":"conseguenza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of preposition in, idiom \"as a result\"","gloss":"a result"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of annata","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"annata","lemma":"annata","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of è","gloss":"crop"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to cattiva","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"cattiva","lemma":"cattivo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"predicate of è","gloss":"poor"}]},{"number":169,"label":"","id":"freddo-p76-s8","source":"L’anno venturo, speriamo, sarà migliore.","translation":"Next year, let’s hope, it will be better.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"L’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of anno","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"anno","lemma":"anno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of sarà","gloss":"year"},{"surface":"venturo","lemma":"venturo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies anno","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"speriamo","lemma":"sperare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"parenthetical clause","gloss":"let’s hope"},{"surface":"sarà","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to migliore","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"migliore","lemma":"migliore","morphology":"adjective, singular, comparative","role":"predicate of sarà","gloss":"better"}]},{"number":170,"label":"","id":"freddo-p76-s9","source":"Cosa ne dici, tu?","translation":"What do you say to that?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Cosa","lemma":"cosa","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of dici","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of dici","gloss":"about it"},{"surface":"dici","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of dici","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":171,"label":"77","id":"freddo-p77-s1","source":"— Speriamo! — disse l’altro, indifferente.","translation":"“Let’s hope so!” said the other, indifferent.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Speriamo","lemma":"sperare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the quoted clause","gloss":"Let’s hope so"},{"surface":"disse","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of altro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"altro","lemma":"altro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of disse","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"indifferente","lemma":"indifferente","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies altro","gloss":"indifferent"}]},{"number":172,"label":"78","id":"freddo-p78-s1","source":"A un tratto Mauro rise, ricordando qualche cosa di piacevole.","translation":"All at once Mauro laughed, remembering something pleasant.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"A","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tratto","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tratto","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tratto","lemma":"tratto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of rise","gloss":"moment","note":"Idiom \"a un tratto\" = \"all at once, suddenly.\""},{"surface":"Mauro","lemma":"Mauro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of rise","gloss":"Mauro"},{"surface":"rise","lemma":"ridere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"laughed"},{"surface":"ricordando","lemma":"ricordare","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on rise","gloss":"remembering"},{"surface":"qualche","lemma":"qualche","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of cosa","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"cosa","lemma":"cosa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of ricordando","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking piacevole","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"piacevole","lemma":"piacevole","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies cosa","gloss":"pleasant"}]},{"number":173,"label":"79","id":"freddo-p79-s1","source":"— Sì, una volta sola nevicò, e fece molto freddo.","translation":"“Yes, only once did it snow, and it was very cold.”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sì","lemma":"sì","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"Yes"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of volta","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"volta","lemma":"volta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"temporal adjunct of nevicò","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"sola","lemma":"solo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies volta","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"nevicò","lemma":"nevicare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular, impersonal","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"snowed"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fece","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular, impersonal","role":"coordinated with nevicò","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"molto","lemma":"molto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies freddo","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"freddo","lemma":"freddo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"complement of fece","gloss":"cold"}]},{"number":174,"label":"","id":"freddo-p79-s2","source":"Lo ricordo perchè....","translation":"I remember it because….","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of ricordo","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ricordo","lemma":"ricordare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"remember"},{"surface":"perchè","lemma":"perché","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the omitted reason clause","gloss":"because","note":"\"Perchè\" is the older spelling of \"perché.\""}]},{"number":175,"label":"","id":"freddo-p79-s3","source":"Ah, — chiese poi, — ci sono belle donne, al tuo paese?","translation":"Ah,” he then asked, “are there pretty women in your village?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ah","lemma":"ah","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"Ah"},{"surface":"chiese","lemma":"chiedere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"poi","lemma":"poi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies chiese","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ci","lemma":"ci","morphology":"pronoun","role":"expletive with sono","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"sono","lemma":"essere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the quoted clause","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"belle","lemma":"bello","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies donne","gloss":"pretty"},{"surface":"donne","lemma":"donna","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of sono","gloss":"women"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking paese","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"tuo","lemma":"tuo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on paese","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"paese","lemma":"paese","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sono","gloss":"village"}]},{"number":176,"label":"80","id":"freddo-p80-s1","source":"— Belle davvero, vada al diavolo chi le ha fatte! — disse lo straniero.","translation":"“Pretty indeed — to the devil with whoever made them!” said the stranger.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"vada al diavolo","title":"Third-person imperative/optative subjunctive","body":"«Vada al diavolo» uses the present subjunctive as a curse-formula (‘may he go to the devil’), the standard way Italian forms a third-person imperative — no dedicated imperative form exists for «lui/lei», so the subjunctive fills the gap."}],"words":[{"surface":"Belle","lemma":"bello","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"elliptical predicate (they are pretty)","gloss":"pretty"},{"surface":"davvero","lemma":"davvero","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Belle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"vada","lemma":"andare","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"may go"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking diavolo","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"diavolo","lemma":"diavolo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of vada","gloss":"devil"},{"surface":"chi","lemma":"chi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of vada","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of fatte","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of fatte","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"fatte","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, feminine, plural","role":"relative clause on chi","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"disse","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of straniero","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"straniero","lemma":"straniero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of disse","gloss":"stranger"}]},{"number":177,"label":"81","id":"freddo-p81-s1","source":"— Perchè imprechi?","translation":"“Why are you cursing?”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Perchè","lemma":"perché","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies imprechi","gloss":"Why","note":"\"Perchè\" is the older spelling of \"perché.\""},{"surface":"imprechi","lemma":"imprecare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"cursing"}]},{"number":178,"label":"","id":"freddo-p81-s2","source":"Ti devono piacer molto, invece, le donne!","translation":"You must like women a great deal, instead!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ti","lemma":"ti","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"indirect object of piacer","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"devono","lemma":"dovere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"piacer","lemma":"piacere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of devono","gloss":"please","note":"Literally \"the women must please you\"; the translation recasts the piacere construction as \"you must like women.\""},{"surface":"molto","lemma":"molto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies piacer","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"invece","lemma":"invece","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence adverb","gloss":"instead"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of donne","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"donne","lemma":"donna","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of devono","gloss":"women"}]},{"number":179,"label":"","id":"freddo-p81-s3","source":"Un omone come te!","translation":"A big man like you!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of omone","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"omone","lemma":"omone","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"big man"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking te","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"object of preposition come","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":180,"label":"","id":"freddo-p81-s4","source":"Su, via, raccontami qualche cosa....","translation":"Come on, then, tell me something….","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Su","lemma":"su","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"Come on"},{"surface":"via","lemma":"via","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker, part of the phrase Su","gloss":"come on"},{"surface":"raccontami","lemma":"raccontare","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"tell me"},{"surface":"qualche","lemma":"qualche","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of cosa","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"cosa","lemma":"cosa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of raccontami","gloss":"thing"}]},{"number":181,"label":"","id":"freddo-p81-s5","source":"Bevi.","translation":"Drink.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Bevi","lemma":"bere","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Drink"}]},{"number":182,"label":"82","id":"freddo-p82-s1","source":"L’altro bevette ancora, e con la mano fece un cenno come per significare: — aspetta, ora ne sentirai....","translation":"The other drank again, and with his hand made a gesture as if to say: “wait, now you’ll hear something….”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"L’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of altro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"altro","lemma":"altro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of bevette","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"bevette","lemma":"bere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"drank"},{"surface":"ancora","lemma":"ancora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bevette","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mano","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mano","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mano","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of fece","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"fece","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with bevette","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cenno","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"cenno","lemma":"cenno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of fece","gloss":"gesture"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of significare","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of significare","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"significare","lemma":"significare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on fece","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"aspetta","lemma":"aspettare","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the quoted clause","gloss":"wait"},{"surface":"ora","lemma":"ora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sentirai","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"pronoun","role":"partitive object of sentirai","gloss":"of it"},{"surface":"sentirai","lemma":"sentire","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"parallel clause to aspetta","gloss":"you’ll hear"}]},{"number":183,"label":"83","id":"freddo-p83-s1","source":"Gli occhietti da cagnolino del giovine paesano s’animarono d’una viva fiamma.","translation":"The young villager’s little puppy-dog eyes lit up with a lively flame.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Gli","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of occhietti","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"occhietti","lemma":"occhietto","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of animarono","gloss":"little eyes"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cagnolino","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"cagnolino","lemma":"cagnolino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies occhietti","gloss":"little dog"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking paesano","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"giovine","lemma":"giovane","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies paesano","gloss":"young","note":"giovine is a literary/archaic variant of giovane."},{"surface":"paesano","lemma":"paesano","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"possessor of occhietti","gloss":"villager"},{"surface":"s’","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"reflexive pronoun of animarono","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"animarono","lemma":"animare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lit up"},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fiamma","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of fiamma","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"viva","lemma":"vivo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies fiamma","gloss":"lively"},{"surface":"fiamma","lemma":"fiamma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of animarono","gloss":"flame"}]},{"number":184,"label":"","id":"freddo-p83-s2","source":"Egli amava molto le donne, e quando si trovava in compagnia di qualche amico, il suo maggior piacere consisteva nel ricordare avventure amorose.","translation":"He loved women greatly, and whenever he found himself in the company of some friend, his greatest pleasure lay in recalling amorous adventures.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Egli","lemma":"egli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of amava","gloss":"He"},{"surface":"amava","lemma":"amare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"loved"},{"surface":"molto","lemma":"molto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies amava","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of donne","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"donne","lemma":"donna","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of amava","gloss":"women"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"quando","lemma":"quando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of trovava","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"reflexive pronoun of trovava","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"trovava","lemma":"trovare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on consisteva","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking compagnia","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"compagnia","lemma":"compagnia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of trovava","gloss":"company"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking amico","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"qualche","lemma":"qualche","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of amico","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"amico","lemma":"amico","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies compagnia","gloss":"friend"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of piacere","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"suo","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on piacere","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"maggior","lemma":"maggiore","morphology":"adjective, singular, comparative","role":"modifies piacere","gloss":"greatest"},{"surface":"piacere","lemma":"piacere","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of consisteva","gloss":"pleasure"},{"surface":"consisteva","lemma":"consistere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with amava","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"nel","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ricordare","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ricordare","lemma":"ricordare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"oblique complement of consisteva","gloss":"recalling"},{"surface":"avventure","lemma":"avventura","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of ricordare","gloss":"adventures"},{"surface":"amorose","lemma":"amoroso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies avventure","gloss":"amorous"}]},{"number":185,"label":"84","id":"freddo-p84-s1","source":"— Devi sapere, — cominciò finalmente l’altro, — devi sapere che io sto al servizio di una ricca famiglia, una famiglia numerosa, composta per lo più di donne.","translation":"“You should know,” the other finally began, “you should know that I am in the service of a rich family, a large family, made up mostly of women.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Devi","lemma":"dovere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of sapere","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"sapere","lemma":"sapere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"verb of the quoted clause","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"cominciò","lemma":"cominciare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"finalmente","lemma":"finalmente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies cominciò","gloss":"finally"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of altro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"altro","lemma":"altro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of cominciò","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"devi","lemma":"dovere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of sapere","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"sapere","lemma":"sapere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"verb of the second quoted clause","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sto","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"io","lemma":"io","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of sto","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"sto","lemma":"stare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of sapere","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking servizio","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"servizio","lemma":"servizio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sto","gloss":"service"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking famiglia","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of famiglia","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ricca","lemma":"ricco","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies famiglia","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"famiglia","lemma":"famiglia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies servizio","gloss":"family"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of famiglia","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"famiglia","lemma":"famiglia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"appositive to famiglia","gloss":"family"},{"surface":"numerosa","lemma":"numeroso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies famiglia","gloss":"large"},{"surface":"composta","lemma":"comporre","morphology":"verb, past, participle, feminine, singular","role":"clause modifying famiglia","gloss":"made up"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking più","gloss":"for","note":"idiom \"per lo più\" = \"mostly\"."},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of più","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"più","lemma":"più","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of composta","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking donne","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"donne","lemma":"donna","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies più","gloss":"women"}]},{"number":186,"label":"","id":"freddo-p84-s2","source":"Oltre la padrona, che è una donna grassa, ancora molto piacente, ci sono tre figlie e due serve.","translation":"Besides the mistress, who is a stout woman, still very good-looking, there are three daughters and two servant girls.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Oltre","lemma":"oltre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking padrona","gloss":"besides"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of padrona","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"padrona","lemma":"padrona","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of Oltre","gloss":"mistress"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of è","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to donna","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of donna","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"donna","lemma":"donna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate noun of è, relative clause on padrona","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"grassa","lemma":"grasso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies donna","gloss":"stout"},{"surface":"ancora","lemma":"ancora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies piacente","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"molto","lemma":"molto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies piacente","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"piacente","lemma":"piacente","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies donna","gloss":"good-looking"},{"surface":"ci","lemma":"ci","morphology":"pronoun","role":"expletive with sono","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"sono","lemma":"essere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"tre","lemma":"tre","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies figlie","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"figlie","lemma":"figlia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of sono","gloss":"daughters"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"due","lemma":"due","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies serve","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"serve","lemma":"serva","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with figlie","gloss":"servant girls"}]},{"number":187,"label":"","id":"freddo-p84-s3","source":"Il padrone è paralitico....","translation":"The master is paralyzed….","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of padrone","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"padrone","lemma":"padrone","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of paralitico","gloss":"master"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to paralitico","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"paralitico","lemma":"paralitico","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"paralyzed"}]},{"number":188,"label":"85","id":"freddo-p85-s1","source":"— Ah, ah, — esclamò Mauro, — ora viene il bello!","translation":"“Ah, ah,” exclaimed Mauro, “now comes the good part!”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ah","lemma":"ah","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"ah","lemma":"ah","morphology":"interjection","role":"depends on Ah","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"esclamò","lemma":"esclamare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"parallel clause to viene","gloss":"exclaimed"},{"surface":"Mauro","lemma":"Mauro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of esclamò","gloss":"Mauro"},{"surface":"ora","lemma":"ora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies viene","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"viene","lemma":"venire","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of bello","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"bello","lemma":"bello","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of viene","gloss":"good part"}]},{"number":189,"label":"86","id":"freddo-p86-s1","source":"Infatti l’altro cominciò a narrare una storia di avventure amorose quasi inverosimile: tutte le donne della casa ove serviva si erano buttate fra le sue braccia; l’altra notte la padrona, la vecchia padrona grassa ma ancora piacente, gli si era buttata sul petto come una fanciulla di quindici anni....","translation":"Indeed the other began to tell an almost unbelievable story of amorous adventures: all the women of the house where he served had thrown themselves into his arms; just the other night the mistress, the aging mistress, stout but still good-looking, had thrown herself onto his chest like a girl of fifteen….","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Infatti","lemma":"infatti","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies cominciò","gloss":"Indeed"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of altro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"altro","lemma":"altro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of cominciò","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"cominciò","lemma":"cominciare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of narrare","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"narrare","lemma":"narrare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of cominciò","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of storia","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"storia","lemma":"storia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of narrare","gloss":"story"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking avventure","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"avventure","lemma":"avventura","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies storia","gloss":"adventures"},{"surface":"amorose","lemma":"amoroso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies avventure","gloss":"amorous"},{"surface":"quasi","lemma":"quasi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies inverosimile","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"inverosimile","lemma":"inverosimile","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies avventure","gloss":"unbelievable"},{"surface":"tutte","lemma":"tutto","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"depends on donne","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of donne","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"donne","lemma":"donna","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of buttate","gloss":"women"},{"surface":"della","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking casa","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"casa","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies donne","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"ove","lemma":"ove","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies serviva","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"serviva","lemma":"servire","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on donne","gloss":"served"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"reflexive pronoun of buttate","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"erano","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of buttate","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"buttate","lemma":"buttare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, feminine, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thrown"},{"surface":"fra","lemma":"fra","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking braccia","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of braccia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sue","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"depends on braccia","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"braccia","lemma":"braccio","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of buttate","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of notte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"altra","lemma":"altro","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies notte","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"notte","lemma":"notte","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of buttata","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of padrona","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"padrona","lemma":"padrona","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of buttata","gloss":"mistress"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of padrona","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vecchia","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies padrona","gloss":"aging"},{"surface":"padrona","lemma":"padrona","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"appositive to padrona","gloss":"mistress"},{"surface":"grassa","lemma":"grasso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies padrona","gloss":"stout"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ancora","lemma":"ancora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies piacente","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"piacente","lemma":"piacente","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"coordinated with grassa","gloss":"good-looking"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of buttata","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"reflexive pronoun of buttata","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of buttata","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"buttata","lemma":"buttare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, feminine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thrown"},{"surface":"sul","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking petto","gloss":"onto the"},{"surface":"petto","lemma":"petto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of buttata","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fanciulla","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of fanciulla","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"fanciulla","lemma":"fanciulla","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of buttata","gloss":"girl"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking anni","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"quindici","lemma":"quindici","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies anni","gloss":"fifteen"},{"surface":"anni","lemma":"anno","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies fanciulla","gloss":"years"}]},{"number":190,"label":"87","id":"freddo-p87-s1","source":"Mauro rideva e ascoltava.","translation":"Mauro laughed and listened.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Mauro","lemma":"Mauro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of rideva","gloss":"Mauro"},{"surface":"rideva","lemma":"ridere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"laughed"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ascoltava","lemma":"ascoltare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with rideva","gloss":"listened"}]},{"number":191,"label":"","id":"freddo-p87-s2","source":"Non credeva alle fandonie dell’altro, ma provava gusto a sentirle.","translation":"He did not believe the other man’s tall tales, but he enjoyed hearing them.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies credeva","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"credeva","lemma":"credere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"believed"},{"surface":"alle","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fandonie","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"fandonie","lemma":"fandonia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of credeva","gloss":"tall tales"},{"surface":"dell’","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking altro","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"altro","lemma":"altro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies fandonie","gloss":"other man"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"provava","lemma":"provare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with credeva","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"gusto","lemma":"gusto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"complement of provava","gloss":"pleasure"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of sentirle","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"sentirle","lemma":"sentire le","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of provava","gloss":"hearing them"}]},{"number":192,"label":"","id":"freddo-p87-s3","source":"E come avviene nei fanciulli, anch’egli cominciò a enumerare le sue avventure, esagerandole per il gusto puerile di farle credere più ardite delle avventure del compagno.","translation":"And as happens with children, he too began to list his own adventures, exaggerating them for the childish pleasure of making them sound bolder than his companion’s.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"E","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies avviene","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"avviene","lemma":"avvenire","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"happens"},{"surface":"nei","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fanciulli","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"fanciulli","lemma":"fanciullo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of avviene","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"anch’","lemma":"anche","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies egli","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"egli","lemma":"egli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of cominciò","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"cominciò","lemma":"cominciare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with avviene","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of enumerare","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"enumerare","lemma":"enumerare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of cominciò","gloss":"list"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of avventure","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sue","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"depends on avventure","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"avventure","lemma":"avventura","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of enumerare","gloss":"adventures"},{"surface":"esagerandole","lemma":"esagerare","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"gerund clause modifying cominciò","gloss":"exaggerating them"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gusto","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of gusto","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"gusto","lemma":"gusto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of enumerare","gloss":"pleasure"},{"surface":"puerile","lemma":"puerile","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies gusto","gloss":"childish"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of farle","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"farle","lemma":"fare le","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying gusto","gloss":"making them"},{"surface":"credere","lemma":"credere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of farle","gloss":"seem"},{"surface":"più","lemma":"più","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ardite","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"ardite","lemma":"ardito","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"complement of credere","gloss":"daring"},{"surface":"delle","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking avventure","gloss":"than the"},{"surface":"avventure","lemma":"avventura","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of credere","gloss":"adventures"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking compagno","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"compagno","lemma":"compagno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies avventure","gloss":"companion"}]},{"number":193,"label":"88","id":"freddo-p88-s1","source":"— ....l’anno scorso poi ho avuto una bella ragazza, ma veramente bella, alta, grassa, rosea come una mela.","translation":"“…. last year, then, I had a beautiful girl, truly beautiful, tall, plump, rosy as an apple.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"l’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of anno","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"anno","lemma":"anno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of avuto","gloss":"year"},{"surface":"scorso","lemma":"scorso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies anno","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"poi","lemma":"poi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies avuto","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ho","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of avuto","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"avuto","lemma":"avere","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ragazza","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bella","lemma":"bello","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies ragazza","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"ragazza","lemma":"ragazza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of avuto","gloss":"girl"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"veramente","lemma":"veramente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bella","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"bella","lemma":"bello","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies ragazza","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"alta","lemma":"alto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with bella","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"grassa","lemma":"grasso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with bella","gloss":"plump"},{"surface":"rosea","lemma":"roseo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with bella","gloss":"rosy"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mela","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mela","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"mela","lemma":"mela","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of rosea","gloss":"apple"}]},{"number":194,"label":"","id":"freddo-p88-s2","source":"È stato in un modo strano.","translation":"It happened in a strange way.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"È","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of modo","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"stato","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"copula linking to modo","gloss":"happened"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking modo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of modo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"modo","lemma":"modo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"strano","lemma":"strano","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies modo","gloss":"strange"}]},{"number":195,"label":"","id":"freddo-p88-s3","source":"È stato a causa del freddo!","translation":"It was because of the cold!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"È","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of causa","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"stato","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"copula linking to causa","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking causa","gloss":"because","note":"idiom \"a causa di\" = \"because of\"."},{"surface":"causa","lemma":"causa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"cause"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking freddo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"freddo","lemma":"freddo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies causa","gloss":"cold"}]},{"number":196,"label":"","id":"freddo-p88-s4","source":"Non ridere: non so se tu hai osservato che nell’inverno le donne ci piacciono più che nell’estate.","translation":"Don’t laugh: I don’t know if you’ve noticed that in winter women please us more than in summer.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ridere","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"ridere","lemma":"ridere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"laugh"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies so","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"so","lemma":"sapere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of osservato","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of osservato","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"hai","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of osservato","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"osservato","lemma":"osservare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of so","gloss":"noticed"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of piacciono","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"nell’","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking inverno","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"inverno","lemma":"inverno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of piacciono","gloss":"winter"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of donne","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"donne","lemma":"donna","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of piacciono","gloss":"women"},{"surface":"ci","lemma":"ci","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"indirect object of piacciono","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"piacciono","lemma":"piacere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clausal complement of osservato","gloss":"please"},{"surface":"più","lemma":"più","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies piacciono","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase più","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"nell’","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking estate","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"estate","lemma":"estate","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of più","gloss":"summer"}]},{"number":197,"label":"","id":"freddo-p88-s5","source":"Anche d’estate non dico, ma.... lasciamo andare!","translation":"Not that I mean in summer they don’t, but…. let’s leave it there!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Anche","lemma":"anche","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies estate","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking estate","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"estate","lemma":"estate","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of dico","gloss":"summer"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dico","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"dico","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on dico","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"lasciamo","lemma":"lasciare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"let's leave"},{"surface":"andare","lemma":"andare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of lasciamo","gloss":"go","note":"Idiom 'lasciare andare' = to let something go, to drop it."}]},{"number":198,"label":"","id":"freddo-p88-s6","source":"Devi dunque sapere che mi trovavo sulla montagna: il tempo era mite, i miei porci ingrassavano a vista d’occhio, ed io non li abbandonavo un momento.","translation":"So you should know that I was up on the mountain: the weather was mild, my pigs were fattening before my eyes, and I never left them for a moment.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Devi","lemma":"dovere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of sapere","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"dunque","lemma":"dunque","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sapere","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"sapere","lemma":"sapere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of trovavo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"expletive with trovavo","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"trovavo","lemma":"trovare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of sapere","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"sulla","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking montagna","gloss":"on the"},{"surface":"montagna","lemma":"montagna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of trovavo","gloss":"mountain"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tempo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tempo","lemma":"tempo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of mite","gloss":"weather"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to mite","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"mite","lemma":"mite","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"mild"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of miei","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"miei","lemma":"mio","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"depends on porci","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"porci","lemma":"porco","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of ingrassavano","gloss":"pigs"},{"surface":"ingrassavano","lemma":"ingrassare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with era","gloss":"were fattening"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vista","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"vista","lemma":"vista","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of ingrassavano","gloss":"sight","note":"Idiom 'a vista d'occhio' = visibly, right before one's eyes."},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking occhio","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"occhio","lemma":"occhio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies ingrassavano","gloss":"eye"},{"surface":"ed","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"io","lemma":"io","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of abbandonavo","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies abbandonavo","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"li","lemma":"li","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of abbandonavo","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"abbandonavo","lemma":"abbandonare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with ingrassavano","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of momento","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"momento","lemma":"momento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of abbandonavo","gloss":"moment"}]},{"number":199,"label":"","id":"freddo-p88-s7","source":"Da quindici giorni non tornavo in paese.","translation":"For fifteen days I hadn’t gone back to the village.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Da","lemma":"da","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking giorni","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"quindici","lemma":"quindici","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies giorni","gloss":"fifteen"},{"surface":"giorni","lemma":"giorno","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of tornavo","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tornavo","gloss":"had not"},{"surface":"tornavo","lemma":"tornare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gone back"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking paese","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"paese","lemma":"paese","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of tornavo","gloss":"village"}]},{"number":200,"label":"","id":"freddo-p88-s8","source":"Quando una mattina vedo arrivare due donne: la mia balia e una bella fanciulla “istranza„ che non conoscevo ancora.","translation":"When one morning I see two women arriving: my old nurse and a pretty “outsider” girl I didn’t yet know.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"“istranza„","title":"«istranza» — Sardinian for ‘stranger’","body":"«Istranza» is the Sardinian-dialect feminine for ‘stranger, foreigner’ (Italian «straniera»); Deledda gives it its dialect form and its own quotation marks, marking it as a word the character himself is quoting."}],"words":[{"surface":"Quando","lemma":"quando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vedo","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mattina","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"mattina","lemma":"mattina","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of vedo","gloss":"morning"},{"surface":"vedo","lemma":"vedere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"arrivare","lemma":"arrivare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of vedo","gloss":"arriving"},{"surface":"due","lemma":"due","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies donne","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"donne","lemma":"donna","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of arrivare","gloss":"women"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of balia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mia","lemma":"mio","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"depends on balia","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"balia","lemma":"balia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"nurse"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of fanciulla","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bella","lemma":"bello","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies fanciulla","gloss":"pretty"},{"surface":"fanciulla","lemma":"fanciulla","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with balia","gloss":"girl"},{"surface":"istranza","lemma":"istranza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to fanciulla","gloss":"outsider","note":"Sardinian dialect word for a female stranger or outsider."},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of conoscevo","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies conoscevo","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"conoscevo","lemma":"conoscere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"relative clause on istranza","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"ancora","lemma":"ancora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies conoscevo","gloss":"yet"}]},{"number":201,"label":"89","id":"freddo-p89-s1","source":"— È la nuova serva della tua nonna, — mi disse la balia....","translation":"“She’s your grandmother’s new servant girl,” my old nurse told me….","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"È","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to serva","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of serva","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nuova","lemma":"nuovo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies serva","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"serva","lemma":"serva","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of È","gloss":"servant girl"},{"surface":"della","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nonna","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"tua","lemma":"tuo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"depends on nonna","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"nonna","lemma":"nonna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of della","gloss":"grandmother"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"indirect object of disse","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"disse","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"told"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of balia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"balia","lemma":"balia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of disse","gloss":"nurse"}]},{"number":202,"label":"","id":"freddo-p89-s2","source":"— Siamo venute per coglier ghiande.","translation":"“We’ve come to gather acorns.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Siamo","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of venute","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"venute","lemma":"venire","morphology":"verb, past, participle, feminine, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of coglier","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"coglier","lemma":"cogliere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on venute","gloss":"gather","note":"'Coglier' is the apocopated (elided) form of the infinitive cogliere."},{"surface":"ghiande","lemma":"ghianda","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of coglier","gloss":"acorns"}]},{"number":203,"label":"","id":"freddo-p89-s3","source":"Aiutaci.","translation":"Help us.”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aiutaci","lemma":"aiutare","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"help us","note":"One word fuses the imperative 'aiuta' with the clitic 'ci' (us)."}]},{"number":204,"label":"90","id":"freddo-p90-s1","source":"Le aiutai.","translation":"I helped them.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"le","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of aiutai","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"aiutai","lemma":"aiutare","morphology":"verb, past (remote), indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"helped"}]},{"number":205,"label":"","id":"freddo-p90-s2","source":"Il tempo s’era cambiato, il cielo si era fatto bianco come neve, soffiava un vento gelato.","translation":"The weather had changed, the sky had turned white as snow, an icy wind was blowing.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tempo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tempo","lemma":"tempo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of cambiato","gloss":"weather"},{"surface":"s’","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"expletive with cambiato","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of cambiato","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"cambiato","lemma":"cambiare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"changed"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cielo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cielo","lemma":"cielo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of fatto","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"expletive with fatto","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of fatto","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"fatto","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with cambiato","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"bianco","lemma":"bianco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"complement of fatto","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking neve","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"neve","lemma":"neve","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of fatto","gloss":"snow"},{"surface":"soffiava","lemma":"soffiare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with cambiato","gloss":"was blowing"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vento","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vento","lemma":"vento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of soffiava","gloss":"wind"},{"surface":"gelato","lemma":"gelato","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies vento","gloss":"icy"}]},{"number":206,"label":"","id":"freddo-p90-s3","source":"Le donne si lamentavano per il freddo, e ad un tratto la balia andò nella capanna per riscaldarsi.","translation":"The women complained of the cold, and all at once my nurse went into the hut to warm herself.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of donne","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"donne","lemma":"donna","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of lamentavano","gloss":"women"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"expletive with lamentavano","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"lamentavano","lemma":"lamentare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"complained"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking freddo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of freddo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"freddo","lemma":"freddo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of lamentavano","gloss":"cold"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tratto","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tratto","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tratto","lemma":"tratto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of andò","gloss":"once","note":"Idiom 'ad un tratto' = all of a sudden."},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of balia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"balia","lemma":"balia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of andò","gloss":"nurse"},{"surface":"andò","lemma":"andare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with lamentavano","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"nella","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking capanna","gloss":"into the"},{"surface":"capanna","lemma":"capanna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of andò","gloss":"hut"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of riscaldarsi","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"riscaldarsi","lemma":"riscaldarsi","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on andò","gloss":"warm herself"}]},{"number":207,"label":"91","id":"freddo-p91-s1","source":"— Non toccarla, — mi avvertì, accennandomi la ragazza.","translation":"“Don’t touch her,” she warned me, nodding toward the girl.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies toccarla","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"toccarla","lemma":"toccare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"touch her"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of avvertì","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"avvertì","lemma":"avvertire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"warned"},{"surface":"accennandomi","lemma":"accennare","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on avvertì","gloss":"gesturing to me"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ragazza","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ragazza","lemma":"ragazza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of accennandomi","gloss":"girl"}]},{"number":208,"label":"92","id":"freddo-p92-s1","source":"— Se la tocco griderà bene, — risposi io ridendo.","translation":"“If I touch her she’ll certainly scream,” I answered, laughing.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Se","lemma":"se","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of griderà","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"la","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tocco","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"tocco","lemma":"toccare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on griderà","gloss":"touch"},{"surface":"griderà","lemma":"gridare","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the quoted clause","gloss":"will scream"},{"surface":"bene","lemma":"bene","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies griderà","gloss":"certainly"},{"surface":"risposi","lemma":"rispondere","morphology":"verb, past (remote), indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"io","lemma":"io","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of risposi","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ridendo","lemma":"ridere","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"complement of risposi","gloss":"laughing"}]},{"number":209,"label":"93","id":"freddo-p93-s1","source":"Appena fummo soli me le avvicinai e le dissi:","translation":"As soon as we were alone I went up to her and said:","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Appena","lemma":"appena","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fummo","gloss":"as soon as"},{"surface":"fummo","lemma":"essere","morphology":"verb, past (remote), indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"soli","lemma":"solo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"clausal complement of fummo","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"me","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"reflexive pronoun of avvicinai","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"indirect object of avvicinai","gloss":"to her"},{"surface":"avvicinai","lemma":"avvicinarsi","morphology":"verb, past (remote), indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with fummo","gloss":"approached"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"indirect object of dissi","gloss":"to her"},{"surface":"dissi","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, past (remote), indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with avvicinai","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":210,"label":"94","id":"freddo-p94-s1","source":"— Griderai?","translation":"“Will you scream?”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Griderai","lemma":"gridare","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will scream"}]},{"number":211,"label":"95","id":"freddo-p95-s1","source":"Ella si mise a correre per allontanarsi da me, ed io la inseguii.","translation":"She started running to get away from me, and I chased her.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ella","lemma":"ella","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of mise","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"expletive with mise","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"mise","lemma":"mettere","morphology":"verb, past (remote), indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"started"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of correre","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"correre","lemma":"correre","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of mise","gloss":"run"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of allontanarsi","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"allontanarsi","lemma":"allontanarsi","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on correre","gloss":"get away"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking me","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"me","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of allontanarsi","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ed","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"io","lemma":"io","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of inseguii","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"la","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of inseguii","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"inseguii","lemma":"inseguire","morphology":"verb, past (remote), indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with mise","gloss":"chased"}]},{"number":212,"label":"96","id":"freddo-p96-s1","source":"Il vento ci spingeva come due foglie: io ridevo e gridavo:","translation":"The wind drove us like two leaves: I was laughing and shouting:","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vento","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vento","lemma":"vento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of spingeva","gloss":"wind"},{"surface":"ci","lemma":"ci","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of spingeva","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"spingeva","lemma":"spingere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"drove"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking foglie","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"due","lemma":"due","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies foglie","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"foglie","lemma":"foglia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of spingeva","gloss":"leaves"},{"surface":"io","lemma":"io","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of ridevo","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ridevo","lemma":"ridere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was laughing"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gridavo","lemma":"gridare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with ridevo","gloss":"was shouting"}]},{"number":213,"label":"97","id":"freddo-p97-s1","source":"— Non aver paura, diavola!","translation":"“Don’t be afraid, little devil!”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies aver","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"aver","lemma":"avere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"be","note":"Idiom 'aver paura' = to be afraid, literally 'to have fear.'"},{"surface":"paura","lemma":"paura","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of aver","gloss":"afraid"},{"surface":"diavola","lemma":"diavola","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"term of address","gloss":"little devil"}]},{"number":214,"label":"","id":"freddo-p97-s2","source":"Voglio solo solo baciarti....","translation":"I only, only want to kiss you….","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Voglio","lemma":"volere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of baciarti","gloss":"want"},{"surface":"solo","lemma":"solo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies solo","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"solo","lemma":"solo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies baciarti","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"baciarti","lemma":"baciare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"kiss you"}]},{"number":215,"label":"98","id":"freddo-p98-s1","source":"Ma invece di andare verso la capanna la ragazza se ne allontanava: io l’inseguivo sempre.","translation":"But instead of heading toward the hut the girl was moving away from it: I kept chasing her all the same.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se ne allontanava","title":"Clitic verb «allontanarsi» + «ne»","body":"«Se ne allontanava» stacks the reflexive «si» (‘herself’) with the adverbial particle «ne» on «allontanare» — ‘to move away’ becomes ‘to move herself away (from there)’, a common Italian clitic-cluster pattern like «andarsene»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"invece","lemma":"invece","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of andare","gloss":"instead"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase invece","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"andare","lemma":"andare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on allontanava","gloss":"heading"},{"surface":"verso","lemma":"verso","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking capanna","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of capanna","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"capanna","lemma":"capanna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of andare","gloss":"hut"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ragazza","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ragazza","lemma":"ragazza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of allontanava","gloss":"girl"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun","role":"expletive with allontanava","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"pronoun","role":"expletive with allontanava","gloss":"from it"},{"surface":"allontanava","lemma":"allontanare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was moving away"},{"surface":"io","lemma":"io","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of inseguivo","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"la","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of inseguivo","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"inseguivo","lemma":"inseguire","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"kept chasing"},{"surface":"sempre","lemma":"sempre","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies inseguivo","gloss":"all the same"}]},{"number":216,"label":"99","id":"freddo-p99-s1","source":"— Sciocca, — le dissi, — non vedi che ti smarrisci?","translation":"“Silly girl,” I told her, “can’t you see you’re losing your way?”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sciocca","lemma":"sciocco","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"term of address","gloss":"silly"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"indirect object of dissi","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"dissi","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"told"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vedi","gloss":"can't"},{"surface":"vedi","lemma":"vedere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of smarrisci","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ti","lemma":"ti","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"expletive with smarrisci","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"smarrisci","lemma":"smarrire","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of vedi","gloss":"are losing"}]},{"number":217,"label":"","id":"freddo-p99-s2","source":"Se continui a correr così finirai col precipitar nella valle.","translation":"If you keep running like this you’ll end up plunging into the valley.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Se","lemma":"se","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of continui","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"continui","lemma":"continuare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on finirai","gloss":"you keep"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking correr","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"correr","lemma":"correre","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"oblique complement of continui","gloss":"running"},{"surface":"così","lemma":"così","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies correr","gloss":"like this"},{"surface":"finirai","lemma":"finire","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"you will end up"},{"surface":"col","lemma":"con il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking precipitar","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"precipitar","lemma":"precipitare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of col","gloss":"plunging"},{"surface":"nella","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking valle","gloss":"into the"},{"surface":"valle","lemma":"valle","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of finirai","gloss":"valley"}]},{"number":218,"label":"","id":"freddo-p99-s3","source":"Aspettami, diavola; non voglio che un bacio.","translation":"Wait for me, little devil; I only want one kiss.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aspettami","lemma":"aspettare","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"wait for me"},{"surface":"diavola","lemma":"diavolo","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"vocative, in apposition with Aspettami's addressee","gloss":"little devil"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies voglio","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"voglio","lemma":"volere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I want"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the non...che restrictive idiom","gloss":"only","note":"non voglio che = 'I only want' (non...che restrictive idiom)."},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of bacio","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"bacio","lemma":"bacio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of voglio","gloss":"kiss"}]},{"number":219,"label":"100","id":"freddo-p100-s1","source":"Ella si fermò; io mi avvicinai e mi accorsi che tremava tutta di freddo e di paura.","translation":"She stopped; I came close and noticed that she was trembling all over with cold and fear.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ella","lemma":"ella","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of fermò","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"reflexive pronoun of fermò","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"fermò","lemma":"fermare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stopped"},{"surface":"io","lemma":"io","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of avvicinai","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"reflexive pronoun of avvicinai","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"avvicinai","lemma":"avvicinare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I came close"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"reflexive pronoun of accorsi","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"accorsi","lemma":"accorgersi","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with avvicinai","gloss":"I noticed"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tremava","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"tremava","lemma":"tremare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on accorsi","gloss":"she was trembling"},{"surface":"tutta","lemma":"tutto","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies tremava (agrees with subject)","gloss":"all over"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking freddo","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"freddo","lemma":"freddo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of tremava (with paura)","gloss":"cold"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking paura","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"paura","lemma":"paura","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with freddo","gloss":"fear"}]},{"number":220,"label":"","id":"freddo-p100-s2","source":"— Lasciami, — supplicava, — sono una povera serva, non mi toccare.","translation":"“Let me go,” she pleaded, “I’m a poor servant girl, don’t touch me.”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Lasciami","lemma":"lasciare","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"let me go"},{"surface":"supplicava","lemma":"supplicare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb introducing the quoted speech","gloss":"she pleaded"},{"surface":"sono","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to serva","gloss":"I am"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of serva","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"povera","lemma":"povero","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies serva","gloss":"poor"},{"surface":"serva","lemma":"serva","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of sono","gloss":"servant girl"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies toccare","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of toccare","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"toccare","lemma":"toccare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the negative imperative","gloss":"touch"}]},{"number":221,"label":"101","id":"freddo-p101-s1","source":"— Non aver paura, — le dissi, prendendo nelle mie le sue mani gelate.","translation":"“Don’t be afraid,” I told her, taking her frozen hands in mine.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies aver","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"aver","lemma":"avere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"paura","lemma":"paura","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of aver","gloss":"afraid","note":"avere paura = 'to be afraid' (idiom)."},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"indirect object of dissi","gloss":"to her"},{"surface":"dissi","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"parallel clause to aver","gloss":"I said"},{"surface":"prendendo","lemma":"prendere","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on dissi","gloss":"taking"},{"surface":"nelle","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mani","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"mie","lemma":"mio","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, plural","role":"elliptical possessive pronoun after nelle (mine)","gloss":"mine"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of mani","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sue","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"depends on mani","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"mani","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of prendendo","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"gelate","lemma":"gelato","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies mani","gloss":"frozen"}]},{"number":222,"label":"","id":"freddo-p101-s2","source":"— Ora ti scalderò le mani.","translation":"“Now I’ll warm your hands.”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ora","lemma":"ora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies scalderò","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ti","lemma":"ti","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"indirect object of scalderò (dative of possession)","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"scalderò","lemma":"scaldare","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I will warm"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of mani","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mani","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of scalderò","gloss":"hands"}]},{"number":223,"label":"","id":"freddo-p101-s3","source":"Non sono cattivo, io; sono un galantuomo.","translation":"I’m not a bad man; I’m a gentleman.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies cattivo","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"sono","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to cattivo","gloss":"I am"},{"surface":"cattivo","lemma":"cattivo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"bad"},{"surface":"io","lemma":"io","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"emphatic restatement of the subject","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"sono","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to galantuomo","gloss":"I am"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of galantuomo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"galantuomo","lemma":"galantuomo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"gentleman"}]},{"number":224,"label":"","id":"freddo-p101-s4","source":"Se mi baci vedrai che non ti pentirai.","translation":"If you kiss me you’ll see you won’t regret it.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Se","lemma":"se","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of baci","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of baci","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"baci","lemma":"baciare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on vedrai","gloss":"you kiss"},{"surface":"vedrai","lemma":"vedere","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"you will see"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of pentirai","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pentirai","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ti","lemma":"ti","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"reflexive pronoun of pentirai","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"pentirai","lemma":"pentirsi","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of vedrai","gloss":"you will regret"}]},{"number":225,"label":"","id":"freddo-p101-s5","source":"Ora andiamo nella capanna; ti scalderai.","translation":"Now let’s go to the hut; you’ll warm up.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ora","lemma":"ora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies andiamo","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"andiamo","lemma":"andare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"let's go"},{"surface":"nella","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking capanna","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"capanna","lemma":"capanna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of andiamo","gloss":"hut"},{"surface":"ti","lemma":"ti","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"reflexive pronoun of scalderai","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"scalderai","lemma":"scaldarsi","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"you will warm up"}]},{"number":226,"label":"102","id":"freddo-p102-s1","source":"La presi per la vita, ma invece di condurla nella capanna la trascinai più lontano ancora, in un posto ove balia non poteva trovarci.","translation":"I took her by the waist, but instead of leading her to the hut I dragged her even further off, to a place where my nurse could not find us.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"la","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of presi","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"presi","lemma":"prendere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause","gloss":"I took"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vita","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vita","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vita","lemma":"vita","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of presi","gloss":"waist"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"invece","lemma":"invece","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of condurla","gloss":"instead"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase invece","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"condurla","lemma":"condurre","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on trascinai","gloss":"leading her","note":"condurre + la ('her') attached as a clitic."},{"surface":"nella","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking capanna","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"capanna","lemma":"capanna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of condurla","gloss":"hut"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"la","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of trascinai","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"trascinai","lemma":"trascinare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I dragged"},{"surface":"più","lemma":"più","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lontano","gloss":"further"},{"surface":"lontano","lemma":"lontano","morphology":"adverb","role":"complement of trascinai","gloss":"off"},{"surface":"ancora","lemma":"ancora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies trascinai","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking posto","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of posto","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"posto","lemma":"posto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of trascinai","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"ove","lemma":"ove","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of trovarci","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"balia","lemma":"balia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of poteva","gloss":"my nurse"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies trovarci","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"poteva","lemma":"potere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of trovarci","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"trovarci","lemma":"trovare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of poteva","gloss":"find us","note":"trovare + ci ('us') attached as a clitic."}]},{"number":227,"label":"","id":"freddo-p102-s2","source":"Il vento diventava furioso: cadeva qualche falda di neve.","translation":"The wind was growing furious: a few flakes of snow were falling.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vento","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vento","lemma":"vento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of diventava","gloss":"wind"},{"surface":"diventava","lemma":"diventare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was growing"},{"surface":"furioso","lemma":"furioso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"complement of diventava","gloss":"furious"},{"surface":"cadeva","lemma":"cadere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was falling"},{"surface":"qualche","lemma":"qualche","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of falda","gloss":"a few"},{"surface":"falda","lemma":"falda","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of cadeva","gloss":"flake"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking neve","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"neve","lemma":"neve","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies falda","gloss":"snow"}]},{"number":228,"label":"","id":"freddo-p102-s3","source":"La fanciulla tremava di freddo: cercava di sfuggirmi, ma oramai la tenevo avvinta e le dicevo tante dolci cose.","translation":"The girl was trembling with cold: she tried to slip from me, but by now I held her fast and I was telling her so many sweet things.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of fanciulla","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fanciulla","lemma":"fanciulla","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of tremava","gloss":"girl"},{"surface":"tremava","lemma":"tremare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was trembling"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking freddo","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"freddo","lemma":"freddo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of tremava","gloss":"cold"},{"surface":"cercava","lemma":"cercare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was trying"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of sfuggirmi","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sfuggirmi","lemma":"sfuggire","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of cercava","gloss":"escape me","note":"sfuggire + mi ('me') attached as a clitic."},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"oramai","lemma":"oramai","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tenevo","gloss":"by now"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"la","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tenevo","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"tenevo","lemma":"tenere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with cercava","gloss":"I was holding"},{"surface":"avvinta","lemma":"avvincere","morphology":"verb, past, participle, feminine, singular","role":"complement of tenevo","gloss":"fast"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"indirect object of dicevo","gloss":"to her"},{"surface":"dicevo","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with cercava","gloss":"I was telling"},{"surface":"tante","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of cose","gloss":"so many"},{"surface":"dolci","lemma":"dolce","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies cose","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"cose","lemma":"cosa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"complement of dicevo","gloss":"things"}]},{"number":229,"label":"103","id":"freddo-p103-s1","source":"— Perchè un padrone non può sposare la sua serva?","translation":"“Why can’t a master marry his servant girl?”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Perchè","lemma":"perché","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies può sposare","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of padrone","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"padrone","lemma":"padrone","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of può","gloss":"master"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies può","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"può","lemma":"potere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of sposare","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"sposare","lemma":"sposare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"marry"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of serva","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sua","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"depends on serva","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"serva","lemma":"serva","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of sposare","gloss":"servant girl"}]},{"number":230,"label":"","id":"freddo-p103-s2","source":"Sciocchezze.","translation":"Nonsense.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sciocchezze","lemma":"sciocchezza","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"nonsense"}]},{"number":231,"label":"","id":"freddo-p103-s3","source":"Io ti sposerò; sono figlio unico e farò ciò che mi piace.","translation":"I’ll marry you; I’m an only son and I’ll do as I please.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Io","lemma":"io","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of sposerò","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ti","lemma":"ti","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of sposerò","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"sposerò","lemma":"sposare","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I will marry"},{"surface":"sono","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to figlio","gloss":"I am"},{"surface":"figlio","lemma":"figlio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"unico","lemma":"unico","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies figlio","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"farò","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with sono","gloss":"I will do"},{"surface":"ciò","lemma":"ciò","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of farò","gloss":"what","note":"ciò che = 'what' (lit. 'that which')."},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of piace","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"indirect object of piace","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"piace","lemma":"piacere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on ciò","gloss":"pleases"}]},{"number":232,"label":"104","id":"freddo-p104-s1","source":"Così la condussi lontano, verso una vecchia capanna riparata contro una grotta.","translation":"So I led her far off, toward an old hut set against a cave.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Così","lemma":"così","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies condussi","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"la","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of condussi","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"condussi","lemma":"condurre","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I led"},{"surface":"lontano","lemma":"lontano","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies condussi","gloss":"far off"},{"surface":"verso","lemma":"verso","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking capanna","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of capanna","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"vecchia","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies capanna","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"capanna","lemma":"capanna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of condussi","gloss":"hut"},{"surface":"riparata","lemma":"riparare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, feminine, singular","role":"clause modifying capanna","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"contro","lemma":"contro","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking grotta","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of grotta","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"grotta","lemma":"grotta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of riparata","gloss":"cave"}]},{"number":233,"label":"105","id":"freddo-p105-s1","source":"— Ho freddo, ho freddo, — ella diceva, — questa non è la tua capanna.","translation":"“I’m cold, I’m cold,” she was saying, “this isn’t your hut.”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ho","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the exclamation","gloss":"I'm","note":"avere freddo = 'to be cold' (idiom)."},{"surface":"freddo","lemma":"freddo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"complement of Ho","gloss":"cold"},{"surface":"ho","lemma":"avere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with Ho, repeated for emphasis","gloss":"I'm"},{"surface":"freddo","lemma":"freddo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with Ho","gloss":"cold"},{"surface":"ella","lemma":"ella","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of diceva","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"diceva","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb introducing the quoted speech","gloss":"was saying"},{"surface":"questa","lemma":"questo","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of è","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies è","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to capanna","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of capanna","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tua","lemma":"tuo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"depends on capanna","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"capanna","lemma":"capanna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of è","gloss":"hut"}]},{"number":234,"label":"","id":"freddo-p105-s2","source":"Non c’è fuoco.","translation":"There’s no fire.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies è","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"c’","lemma":"ci","morphology":"pronoun","role":"expletive with è","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"fuoco","lemma":"fuoco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of è","gloss":"fire"}]},{"number":235,"label":"106","id":"freddo-p106-s1","source":"— Il fuoco è qui, nelle mie labbra.","translation":"“The fire is here, in my lips.”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of fuoco","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fuoco","lemma":"fuoco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of è","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to qui","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate of è","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"nelle","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking labbra","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"mie","lemma":"mio","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"depends on labbra","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"labbra","lemma":"labbro","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of qui","gloss":"lips"}]},{"number":236,"label":"","id":"freddo-p106-s2","source":"Senti.","translation":"Feel it.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Senti","lemma":"sentire","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"feel it"}]},{"number":237,"label":"","id":"freddo-p106-s3","source":"La baciai ed ella non gridò.","translation":"I kissed her and she did not scream.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"la","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of baciai","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"baciai","lemma":"baciare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause","gloss":"I kissed"},{"surface":"ed","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ella","lemma":"ella","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of gridò","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gridò","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"gridò","lemma":"gridare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"screamed"}]},{"number":238,"label":"","id":"freddo-p106-s4","source":"Così fu mia.","translation":"So she became mine.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Così","lemma":"così","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fu","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"fu","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to mia","gloss":"she became"},{"surface":"mia","lemma":"mio","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of fu","gloss":"mine"}]},{"number":239,"label":"107","id":"freddo-p107-s1","source":"— E balia? — chiese l’altro.","translation":"“And your nurse?” asked the other.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"E","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"balia","lemma":"balia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"your nurse"},{"surface":"chiese","lemma":"chiedere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of altro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"altro","lemma":"altro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of chiese","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":240,"label":"108","id":"freddo-p108-s1","source":"— E balia?","translation":"“And my nurse?”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"E","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"balia","lemma":"balia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"my nurse"}]},{"number":241,"label":"","id":"freddo-p108-s2","source":"Le diedi un porchetto di tre notti e.... tacque.","translation":"I gave her a three-night-old suckling pig and…. she kept quiet.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"porchetto di tre notti","title":"A bribe measured in piglets","body":"A «porchetto di tre notti» is a suckling pig only three nights old — a small, casual bribe that shows exactly how cheap Mauro thinks the old nurse’s silence, and by extension the poor, can be bought."}],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"le","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"indirect object of diedi","gloss":"to her"},{"surface":"diedi","lemma":"dare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I gave"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of porchetto","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"porchetto","lemma":"porchetto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of diedi","gloss":"suckling pig"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking notti","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"tre","lemma":"tre","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies notti","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"notti","lemma":"notte","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies porchetto","gloss":"nights"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tacque","lemma":"tacere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"fell silent"}]},{"number":242,"label":"","id":"freddo-p108-s3","source":"D’altronde, cosa sapeva lei? — disse Mauro.","translation":"Besides, what did she really know? — said Mauro.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"D’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"forms the phrase d’altronde with altronde","gloss":"besides"},{"surface":"altronde","lemma":"altronde","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sapeva, completes d’altronde","gloss":"(particle)","note":"d’altronde is a fixed adverbial phrase meaning \"besides, anyway\"; altronde alone is rare outside it."},{"surface":"cosa","lemma":"cosa","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of sapeva","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"sapeva","lemma":"sapere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"lei","lemma":"lei","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of sapeva","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"disse","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"Mauro","lemma":"Mauro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of disse","gloss":"Mauro"}]},{"number":243,"label":"","id":"freddo-p108-s4","source":"E rise.","translation":"And he laughed.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"E","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"rise","lemma":"ridere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"laughed"}]},{"number":244,"label":"109","id":"freddo-p109-s1","source":"Lo sconosciuto fissava il fuoco coi suoi occhi rotondi spalancati: per qualche momento stette silenzioso, e quando Mauro cessò di ridere, un gran silenzio regnò nella cucina della cantoniera.","translation":"The stranger stared at the fire with his round eyes wide open: for a few moments he stayed silent, and when Mauro stopped laughing, a great silence reigned in the road-keeper’s kitchen.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Lo","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sconosciuto","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sconosciuto","lemma":"sconosciuto","morphology":"adjective (used as noun), masculine, singular","role":"subject of fissava","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"fissava","lemma":"fissare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stared"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of fuoco","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fuoco","lemma":"fuoco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of fissava","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"coi","lemma":"con i","morphology":"preposition (contraction with i)","role":"preposition marking occhi","gloss":"with the"},{"surface":"suoi","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of occhi","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"occhi","lemma":"occhio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of fissava","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"rotondi","lemma":"rotondo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies occhi","gloss":"round"},{"surface":"spalancati","lemma":"spalancato","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with rotondi, modifies occhi","gloss":"wide open"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking momento","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"qualche","lemma":"qualche","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of momento","gloss":"a few"},{"surface":"momento","lemma":"momento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of stette","gloss":"moments"},{"surface":"stette","lemma":"stare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stayed"},{"surface":"silenzioso","lemma":"silenzioso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"complement of stette","gloss":"silent"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"quando","lemma":"quando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of cessò","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"Mauro","lemma":"Mauro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of cessò","gloss":"Mauro"},{"surface":"cessò","lemma":"cessare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the quando-clause, modifying regnò","gloss":"stopped"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the infinitive ridere, complement of cessò","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ridere","lemma":"ridere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of cessò","gloss":"laughing"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of silenzio","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gran","lemma":"grande","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies silenzio","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"silenzio","lemma":"silenzio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of regnò","gloss":"silence"},{"surface":"regnò","lemma":"regnare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"reigned"},{"surface":"nella","lemma":"in la","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cucina","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"cucina","lemma":"cucina","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of regnò","gloss":"kitchen"},{"surface":"della","lemma":"di la","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cantoniera","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"cantoniera","lemma":"cantoniera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies cucina","gloss":"road-keeper’s"}]},{"number":245,"label":"110","id":"freddo-p110-s1","source":"Fuori la neve cadeva sempre: non un rumore attraversava il silenzio vellutato della notte bianca.","translation":"Outside the snow kept falling: not a sound crossed the velvety silence of the white night.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Fuori","lemma":"fuori","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies cadeva","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of neve","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"neve","lemma":"neve","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of cadeva","gloss":"snow"},{"surface":"cadeva","lemma":"cadere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was falling"},{"surface":"sempre","lemma":"sempre","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies cadeva","gloss":"constantly"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates attraversava","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of rumore","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"rumore","lemma":"rumore","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of attraversava","gloss":"sound"},{"surface":"attraversava","lemma":"attraversare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"crossed"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of silenzio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"silenzio","lemma":"silenzio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of attraversava","gloss":"silence"},{"surface":"vellutato","lemma":"vellutato","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies silenzio","gloss":"velvety"},{"surface":"della","lemma":"di la","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking notte","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"notte","lemma":"notte","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies silenzio","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"bianca","lemma":"bianco","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies notte","gloss":"white"}]},{"number":246,"label":"111","id":"freddo-p111-s1","source":"Ma improvvisamente Mauro sentì una specie di urlo soffocato, un gemito lontano, selvaggio come il grido d’un cinghiale ferito.","translation":"But suddenly Mauro heard a kind of stifled howl, a distant moan, wild as the cry of a wounded boar.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"improvvisamente","lemma":"improvvisamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sentì","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"Mauro","lemma":"Mauro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of sentì","gloss":"Mauro"},{"surface":"sentì","lemma":"sentire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of specie","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"specie","lemma":"specie","morphology":"noun, feminine","role":"direct object of sentì","gloss":"kind"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking urlo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"urlo","lemma":"urlo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies specie","gloss":"howl"},{"surface":"soffocato","lemma":"soffocato","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies urlo","gloss":"stifled"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of gemito","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gemito","lemma":"gemito","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with urlo","gloss":"moan"},{"surface":"lontano","lemma":"lontano","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies gemito","gloss":"distant"},{"surface":"selvaggio","lemma":"selvaggio","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies gemito","gloss":"wild"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking grido","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of grido","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"grido","lemma":"grido","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"complement of come","gloss":"cry"},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cinghiale","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cinghiale","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"cinghiale","lemma":"cinghiale","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies grido","gloss":"boar"},{"surface":"ferito","lemma":"ferito","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cinghiale","gloss":"wounded"}]},{"number":247,"label":"","id":"freddo-p111-s2","source":"Volse la testa verso la porta, e d’un tratto vide tutto nero davanti a sè, e sentì come il peso d’un masso che lo schiacciava.","translation":"He turned his head toward the door, and all at once he saw everything go black before him, and felt something like the weight of a boulder crushing him.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Volse","lemma":"volgere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of testa","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"testa","lemma":"testa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of Volse","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"verso","lemma":"verso","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking porta","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of porta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"porta","lemma":"porta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Volse","gloss":"door"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"forms d’un tratto with tratto","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tratto","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tratto","lemma":"tratto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial phrase modifying vide","gloss":"instant","note":"d’un tratto is a fixed idiom meaning \"all at once, suddenly.\""},{"surface":"vide","lemma":"vedere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"tutto","lemma":"tutto","morphology":"pronoun, indefinite","role":"direct object of vide","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"nero","lemma":"nero","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of tutto","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"davanti","lemma":"davanti","morphology":"adverb","role":"forms davanti a with a, modifies vide","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase davanti a","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sè","lemma":"sé","morphology":"pronoun","role":"object of davanti a, modifying vide","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sentì","lemma":"sentire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with vide","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking peso","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of peso","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"peso","lemma":"peso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sentì","gloss":"weight"},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking masso","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of masso","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"masso","lemma":"masso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies peso","gloss":"boulder"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of schiacciava","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of schiacciava","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"schiacciava","lemma":"schiacciare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on masso","gloss":"crushed"}]},{"number":248,"label":"","id":"freddo-p111-s3","source":"Solo dopo un istante s’accorse della realtà.","translation":"Only after an instant did he grasp what was really happening.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Solo","lemma":"solo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the phrase dopo un istante","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"dopo","lemma":"dopo","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking istante","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of istante","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"istante","lemma":"istante","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of accorse","gloss":"instant"},{"surface":"s’","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of accorse","gloss":"(reflexive)","note":"accorgersi is an inherently reflexive verb meaning \"to realize, notice\"; si has no separate translation."},{"surface":"accorse","lemma":"accorgersi","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"realized"},{"surface":"della","lemma":"di la","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking realtà","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"realtà","lemma":"realtà","morphology":"noun, feminine","role":"oblique complement of accorse","gloss":"reality"}]},{"number":249,"label":"","id":"freddo-p111-s4","source":"Lo sconosciuto era balzato in piedi e gli si era gettato addosso, premendogli le spalle con le sue mani possenti.","translation":"The stranger had leapt to his feet and thrown himself on him, pinning his shoulders with his powerful hands.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Lo","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sconosciuto","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sconosciuto","lemma":"sconosciuto","morphology":"adjective (used as noun), masculine, singular","role":"subject of balzato","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of balzato","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"balzato","lemma":"balzare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"leapt"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking piedi","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"piedi","lemma":"piede","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of balzato","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"gli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of gettato","gloss":"on him"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive object of gettato","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of gettato","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"gettato","lemma":"gettare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with balzato","gloss":"thrown"},{"surface":"addosso","lemma":"addosso","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gettato","gloss":"on top"},{"surface":"premendogli","lemma":"premere","morphology":"verb, gerund (with attached clitic gli)","role":"adverbial clause on gettato","gloss":"pinning","note":"the clitic -gli (\"on him\") is attached to the gerund premendo."},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of spalle","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"spalle","lemma":"spalla","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of premendogli","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mani","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of mani","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sue","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of mani","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"mani","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of premendogli","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"possenti","lemma":"possente","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies mani","gloss":"powerful"}]},{"number":250,"label":"112","id":"freddo-p112-s1","source":"— Ah, un porchetto di tre notti! — egli gridava sogghignando, anelante.","translation":"“Ah, a three-night-old suckling pig!” he shouted, sneering, breathless.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ah","lemma":"ah","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of porchetto","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"porchetto","lemma":"porchetto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the exclamation","gloss":"suckling pig"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking notti","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"tre","lemma":"tre","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies notti","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"notti","lemma":"notte","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies porchetto","gloss":"nights"},{"surface":"egli","lemma":"egli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of gridava","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"gridava","lemma":"gridare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"shouted"},{"surface":"sogghignando","lemma":"sogghignare","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on gridava","gloss":"sneering"},{"surface":"anelante","lemma":"anelante","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"coordinated with sogghignando","gloss":"breathless"}]},{"number":251,"label":"","id":"freddo-p112-s2","source":"— Ruffiana, ti pagherò poi io; ti pagherò anche il latte che hai dato al tuo padrone.","translation":"“You go-between, I’ll be the one to pay you back; I’ll pay you too for the milk you gave your master.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ruffiana","lemma":"ruffiana","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular (vocative)","role":"vocative address","gloss":"go-between"},{"surface":"ti","lemma":"ti","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of pagherò","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"pagherò","lemma":"pagare","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will pay"},{"surface":"poi","lemma":"poi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pagherò","gloss":"later"},{"surface":"io","lemma":"io","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of pagherò","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ti","lemma":"ti","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"indirect object of pagherò","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"pagherò","lemma":"pagare","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will pay"},{"surface":"anche","lemma":"anche","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies latte","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of latte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"latte","lemma":"latte","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of pagherò","gloss":"milk"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of dato","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hai","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of dato","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"dato","lemma":"dare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"relative clause on latte","gloss":"given"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking padrone","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"tuo","lemma":"tuo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of padrone","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"padrone","lemma":"padrone","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of dato","gloss":"master"}]},{"number":252,"label":"","id":"freddo-p112-s3","source":"Ah, gli conduci le povere serve anche sul monte.... e le lasci sole con lui.... per fargli piacere....","translation":"Ah, you even lead the poor servant girls up onto the mountain for him…. and leave them alone with him…. to please him….","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ah","lemma":"ah","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"gli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of conduci","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"conduci","lemma":"condurre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lead"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of serve","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"povere","lemma":"povero","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies serve","gloss":"poor"},{"surface":"serve","lemma":"serva","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of conduci","gloss":"servant girls"},{"surface":"anche","lemma":"anche","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sul monte","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"sul","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking monte","gloss":"onto the"},{"surface":"monte","lemma":"monte","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of conduci","gloss":"mountain"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of lasci","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"lasci","lemma":"lasciare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"leave"},{"surface":"sole","lemma":"solo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"complement of lasci","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lui","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"lui","lemma":"lui","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of lasci","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the purpose clause of fargli","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"fargli","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, infinitive (with attached clitic gli)","role":"purpose clause modifying lasci","gloss":"please him","note":"the clitic -gli (\"to/for him\") is attached to the infinitive fare; fargli piacere is idiomatic for \"to please him.\""},{"surface":"piacere","lemma":"piacere","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of fargli","gloss":"(particle)"}]},{"number":253,"label":"113","id":"freddo-p113-s1","source":"— Ma che hai, diavolo? — urlò Mauro, ficcando la testa nel ventre dell’assalitore.","translation":"“What’s wrong with you, damn it?” Mauro yelled, driving his head into his attacker’s belly.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the exclamatory question","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of hai","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"hai","lemma":"avere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"diavolo","lemma":"diavolo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular (exclamatory)","role":"vocative exclamation","gloss":"damn it"},{"surface":"urlò","lemma":"urlare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"yelled"},{"surface":"Mauro","lemma":"Mauro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of urlò","gloss":"Mauro"},{"surface":"ficcando","lemma":"ficcare","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on urlò","gloss":"driving"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of testa","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"testa","lemma":"testa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of ficcando","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"nel","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ventre","gloss":"into the"},{"surface":"ventre","lemma":"ventre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of ficcando","gloss":"belly"},{"surface":"dell’","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking assalitore","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"assalitore","lemma":"assalitore","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies ventre","gloss":"attacker"}]},{"number":254,"label":"114","id":"freddo-p114-s1","source":"— Conosci un certo Sebastiano Loi? — chiese allora l’omone, scostandosi alquanto, ma tenendo sempre inchiodate nelle sue mani le spalle del malcapitato.","translation":"“Do you know a certain Sebastiano Loi?” the big man then asked, pulling back a little, but still keeping the unlucky man’s shoulders pinned fast in his hands.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Conosci","lemma":"conoscere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Sebastiano","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"certo","lemma":"certo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Sebastiano","gloss":"certain"},{"surface":"Sebastiano","lemma":"Sebastiano","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of Conosci","gloss":"Sebastiano"},{"surface":"Loi","lemma":"Loi","morphology":"proper noun","role":"depends on Sebastiano","gloss":"Loi"},{"surface":"chiese","lemma":"chiedere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"allora","lemma":"allora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies chiese","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of omone","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"omone","lemma":"omone","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of chiese","gloss":"big man"},{"surface":"scostandosi","lemma":"scostarsi","morphology":"verb, gerund, reflexive","role":"adverbial clause on chiese","gloss":"pulling back"},{"surface":"alquanto","lemma":"alquanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies scostandosi","gloss":"a little"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"tenendo","lemma":"tenere","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"coordinated with scostandosi","gloss":"keeping"},{"surface":"sempre","lemma":"sempre","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies inchiodate","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"inchiodate","lemma":"inchiodare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, feminine, plural","role":"complement of tenendo","gloss":"pinned"},{"surface":"nelle","lemma":"in le","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mani","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"sue","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of mani","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"mani","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of inchiodate","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of spalle","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"spalle","lemma":"spalla","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of tenendo","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking malcapitato","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"malcapitato","lemma":"malcapitato","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies spalle","gloss":"unlucky man"}]},{"number":255,"label":"115","id":"freddo-p115-s1","source":"Mauro sollevò gli occhi smarrito: ah, sì, ora ricordava!","translation":"Mauro raised his eyes, bewildered: ah, yes, now he remembered!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Mauro","lemma":"Mauro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of sollevò","gloss":"Mauro"},{"surface":"sollevò","lemma":"sollevare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"raised"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of occhi","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"occhi","lemma":"occhio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of sollevò","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"smarrito","lemma":"smarrito","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Mauro","gloss":"bewildered"},{"surface":"ah","lemma":"ah","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"sì","lemma":"sì","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"ora","lemma":"ora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ricordava","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ricordava","lemma":"ricordare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"remembered"}]},{"number":256,"label":"","id":"freddo-p115-s2","source":"Gli occhi rotondi, il naso aquilino....","translation":"The round eyes, the aquiline nose….","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Gli","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of occhi","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"occhi","lemma":"occhio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"rotondi","lemma":"rotondo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies occhi","gloss":"round"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of naso","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"naso","lemma":"naso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with occhi","gloss":"nose"},{"surface":"aquilino","lemma":"aquilino","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies naso","gloss":"aquiline"}]},{"number":257,"label":"","id":"freddo-p115-s3","source":"L’assalitore era il fratello della giovane serva.","translation":"His attacker was the young servant girl’s brother.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"L’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of assalitore","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"assalitore","lemma":"assalitore","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of era","gloss":"attacker"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to fratello","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of fratello","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fratello","lemma":"fratello","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate nominal of era","gloss":"brother"},{"surface":"della","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking serva","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"giovane","lemma":"giovane","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies serva","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"serva","lemma":"serva","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies fratello","gloss":"servant girl"}]}]}