{"work":{"slug":"deledda","title":{"source":"I giuochi della vita","translated":"The Games of Life"},"author":"Grazia Deledda","language":"Italian","languageCode":"it","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/deledda"},"unit":{"kind":"chapter","number":null,"id":"il-vecchio-servo","title":{"source":"Il vecchio servo","translated":"The Old Servant"},"section":"The Games of Life","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/deledda/il-vecchio-servo","lines":203},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/deledda/padre-topes","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/deledda/il-fermaglio","license":"Source text: public domain (Grazia Deledda, d. 1936; collection first published 1905). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review.","audioBase":null,"lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p1-s1","source":"— Basile, ti deruberanno.","translation":"— Basile, they will rob you.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Basile","lemma":"Basile","morphology":"proper noun","role":"vocative address","gloss":"Basile"},{"surface":"ti","lemma":"ti","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of deruberanno","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"deruberanno","lemma":"derubare","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will rob"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p2-s1","source":"— No, babbo Ara, non mi deruberanno; babbo grande caro, mandatemi, — supplicava il piccolo Basilio, accarezzando il nonno.","translation":"— No, Grandfather Ara, they won't rob me; dear grandfather, send me, — little Basilio pleaded, stroking his grandfather's cheek.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"babbo grande","title":"“Babbo grande” — grandfather","body":"Literally 'big daddy'. In Sardinian family speech, small children address their grandfather this way, distinguishing him from «babbo» ('father'). «Babbo Ara» here is a similar affectionate title, not a literal 'father Ara'."}],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"No"},{"surface":"babbo","lemma":"babbo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"grandfather"},{"surface":"Ara","lemma":"Ara","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies babbo","gloss":"Ara"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies deruberanno","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of deruberanno","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"deruberanno","lemma":"derubare","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will rob"},{"surface":"babbo","lemma":"babbo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"grandfather"},{"surface":"grande","lemma":"grande","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies babbo","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"caro","lemma":"caro","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies babbo","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"mandatemi","lemma":"mandare","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, plural","role":"main verb of the imperative clause","gloss":"send me","note":"Basilio addresses his grandfather with the polite/plural voi-imperative, common in older or dialect-influenced Italian for respected elders."},{"surface":"supplicava","lemma":"supplicare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"pleaded"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Basilio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"piccolo","lemma":"piccolo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Basilio","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"Basilio","lemma":"Basilio","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of supplicava","gloss":"Basilio"},{"surface":"accarezzando","lemma":"accarezzare","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on supplicava","gloss":"stroking"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of nonno","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nonno","lemma":"nonno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of accarezzando","gloss":"grandfather"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p3-s1","source":"— Va bene, ma non tirarmi la barba: tu sai che la barba si tira solo ai caproni.","translation":"— All right, but don't pull my beard: you know a beard is only pulled on billy-goats.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"si tira","title":"«Si» passivante","body":"«La barba si tira» = 'the beard gets pulled', using «si» to make the verb passive/impersonal — no one is named as the agent. This «si passivante» is one of the commonest ways Italian avoids saying who does an action."}],"words":[{"surface":"Va","lemma":"andare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"goes","note":"Idiom: \"va bene\" = \"all right / that's fine\"."},{"surface":"bene","lemma":"bene","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Va","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tirarmi","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tirarmi","lemma":"tirare mi","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"prohibitive infinitive, main verb of the second clause","gloss":"pull me","note":"Negative infinitive used as an imperative; \"mi\" is a dative of possession, so \"tirarmi la barba\" = \"pull my beard\"."},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of barba","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"barba","lemma":"barba","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tirarmi","gloss":"beard"},{"surface":"tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of sai","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"sai","lemma":"sapere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tira","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of barba","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"barba","lemma":"barba","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of tira","gloss":"beard"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, passive","role":"passive marker with tira","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"tira","lemma":"tirare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of sai","gloss":"pulled"},{"surface":"solo","lemma":"solo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tira","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"ai","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking caproni","gloss":"on the"},{"surface":"caproni","lemma":"caprone","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of tira","gloss":"billy-goats"}]},{"number":4,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p3-s2","source":"Io ti manderò, ma senti, Basile, tu sai che mamma Ara è stretta (avara) come il pugno d’un morto.","translation":"I will send you, but listen, Basile, you know Grandmother Ara is tight-fisted (stingy) as a dead man's fist.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Io","lemma":"io","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of manderò","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ti","lemma":"ti","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"indirect object of manderò","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"manderò","lemma":"mandare","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will send"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"senti","lemma":"sentire","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"coordinated with manderò","gloss":"listen"},{"surface":"Basile","lemma":"Basile","morphology":"proper noun","role":"vocative address","gloss":"Basile"},{"surface":"tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of sai","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"sai","lemma":"sapere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of stretta","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"mamma","lemma":"mamma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of stretta","gloss":"Grandmother"},{"surface":"Ara","lemma":"Ara","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies mamma","gloss":"Ara"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to stretta","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"stretta","lemma":"stretto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"clausal complement of sai","gloss":"tight-fisted"},{"surface":"avara","lemma":"avaro","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"parenthetical synonym of stretta","gloss":"stingy"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pugno","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pugno","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pugno","lemma":"pugno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of stretta","gloss":"fist"},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking morto","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of morto","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"morto","lemma":"morto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"possessor of pugno","gloss":"dead man"}]},{"number":5,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p3-s3","source":"Se ti derubano, mamma Ara mi sgriderà, ed io ti bastonerò come un cane.","translation":"If they rob you, Grandmother Ara will scold me, and I will beat you like a dog.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Se","lemma":"se","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on derubano","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"ti","lemma":"ti","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of derubano","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"derubano","lemma":"derubare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"adverbial clause on sgriderà","gloss":"rob"},{"surface":"mamma","lemma":"mamma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of sgriderà","gloss":"Grandmother"},{"surface":"Ara","lemma":"Ara","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies mamma","gloss":"Ara"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"indirect object of sgriderà","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"sgriderà","lemma":"sgridare","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will scold"},{"surface":"ed","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"io","lemma":"io","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of bastonerò","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ti","lemma":"ti","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of bastonerò","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"bastonerò","lemma":"bastonare","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with sgriderà","gloss":"will beat"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cane","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cane","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"cane","lemma":"cane","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of bastonerò","gloss":"dog"}]},{"number":6,"label":"4","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p4-s1","source":"— Non mi deruberanno, ecco, ve lo dico io, babbo grande, — ripetè Basilio, con una serietà che faceva ridere.","translation":"— They won't rob me, there, I'm telling you, grandfather, — Basilio repeated, with a seriousness that made one laugh.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ripetè","title":"Passato remoto for a finished act","body":"«Ripetè» ('he repeated') is passato remoto, the tense for a single completed narrative action, typical of written storytelling. Compare «faceva ridere» ('made one laugh'), an imperfetto describing the ongoing effect of his seriousness."}],"words":[{"surface":"Non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies deruberanno","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of deruberanno","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"deruberanno","lemma":"derubare","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will rob"},{"surface":"ecco","lemma":"ecco","morphology":"adverb","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ve","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun","role":"indirect object of dico","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of dico","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"dico","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with deruberanno","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"io","lemma":"io","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"emphatic subject of dico","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"babbo","lemma":"babbo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address within the quotation","gloss":"grandpa","note":"\"babbo grande\" (lit. \"big dad\") is this book's term for \"grandfather\"."},{"surface":"grande","lemma":"grande","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies babbo","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"ripetè","lemma":"ripetere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with dico","gloss":"repeated"},{"surface":"Basilio","lemma":"Basilio","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of ripetè","gloss":"Basilio"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking serietà","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of serietà","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"serietà","lemma":"serietà","morphology":"noun, feminine","role":"oblique complement of ripetè","gloss":"seriousness"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of faceva","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"faceva","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on serietà","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"ridere","lemma":"ridere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of faceva","gloss":"laugh"}]},{"number":7,"label":"5","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p5-s1","source":"— Eh, non basta che lo dica tu!","translation":"— Eh, it's not enough that you say so!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Eh","lemma":"eh","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"Eh"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies basta","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"basta","lemma":"bastare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is enough"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of dica","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of dica","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"dica","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, second-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of basta","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of dica","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":8,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p5-s2","source":"Vedremo.","translation":"We shall see.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vedremo","lemma":"vedere","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"we shall see"}]},{"number":9,"label":"6","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p6-s1","source":"Il ragazzetto si mise a saltare per la gioia, spronando e frustando un cavallo immaginario: poi si avvicinò ancora al nonno seduto all’ombra d’una quercia, e gli si appoggiò sulla spalla.","translation":"The little boy began to jump for joy, spurring and whipping an imaginary horse: then he went back over to his grandfather, seated in the shade of an oak, and leaned against his shoulder.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of ragazzetto","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ragazzetto","lemma":"ragazzetto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of mise","gloss":"little boy"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive, third-person","role":"reflexive marker of mise (mettersi)","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"mise","lemma":"mettere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of saltare","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"saltare","lemma":"saltare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of mise","gloss":"jump"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gioia","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of gioia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"gioia","lemma":"gioia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of saltare","gloss":"joy"},{"surface":"spronando","lemma":"spronare","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on saltare","gloss":"spurring"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"frustando","lemma":"frustare","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"coordinated with spronando","gloss":"whipping"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cavallo","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"cavallo","lemma":"cavallo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of frustando","gloss":"horse"},{"surface":"immaginario","lemma":"immaginario","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cavallo","gloss":"imaginary"},{"surface":"poi","lemma":"poi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies avvicinò","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive, third-person","role":"reflexive marker of avvicinò","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"avvicinò","lemma":"avvicinare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went over"},{"surface":"ancora","lemma":"ancora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies avvicinò","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nonno","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"nonno","lemma":"nonno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of avvicinò","gloss":"grandfather"},{"surface":"seduto","lemma":"sedere","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"participial clause modifying nonno","gloss":"seated"},{"surface":"all’","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ombra","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"ombra","lemma":"ombra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of seduto","gloss":"shade"},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking quercia","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of quercia","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"quercia","lemma":"quercia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies ombra","gloss":"oak"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"gli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of appoggiò (dative of possession: his)","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive, third-person","role":"reflexive marker of appoggiò","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"appoggiò","lemma":"appoggiare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with avvicinò","gloss":"leaned"},{"surface":"sulla","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking spalla","gloss":"on the"},{"surface":"spalla","lemma":"spalla","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of appoggiò","gloss":"shoulder"}]},{"number":10,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p6-s2","source":"Formavano un bellissimo gruppo: Basile, coi suoi occhi neri lucenti come more, i lunghi capelli rossicci e la giacca di pelle, pareva un piccolo S.","translation":"Together they formed a beautiful picture: Basile, with his black eyes shining like blackberries, his long reddish hair and his leather jacket, looked like a little Saint John","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Formavano","lemma":"formare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"formed"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of gruppo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bellissimo","lemma":"bello","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular, abs","role":"modifies gruppo","gloss":"very beautiful"},{"surface":"gruppo","lemma":"gruppo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of Formavano","gloss":"picture"},{"surface":"Basile","lemma":"Basile","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of pareva","gloss":"Basile"},{"surface":"coi","lemma":"con i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking occhi","gloss":"with the"},{"surface":"suoi","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"depends on occhi","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"occhi","lemma":"occhio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of coi (describes Basile)","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"neri","lemma":"nero","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies occhi","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"lucenti","lemma":"lucente","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies occhi","gloss":"shining"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking more","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"more","lemma":"mora","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies occhi","gloss":"blackberries"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of capelli","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"lunghi","lemma":"lungo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies capelli","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"capelli","lemma":"capello","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with occhi, object of coi","gloss":"hair"},{"surface":"rossicci","lemma":"rossiccio","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies capelli","gloss":"reddish"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of giacca","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"giacca","lemma":"giacca","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with occhi, object of coi","gloss":"jacket"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pelle","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"pelle","lemma":"pelle","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies giacca","gloss":"leather"},{"surface":"pareva","lemma":"parere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"looked"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of piccolo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"piccolo","lemma":"piccolo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies S.","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"S.","lemma":"San","morphology":"proper noun, abbreviation","role":"title before Giovanni (next segment)","gloss":"Saint"}]},{"number":11,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p6-s3","source":"Giovanni: il nonno, che ancora conservava la barba rossiccia, e aveva gli occhi neri lucenti, vestiva di pelo come un vecchio eremita.","translation":"the Baptist: the grandfather, who still kept his reddish beard, and had shining black eyes, was dressed in skins like an old hermit.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Giovanni","lemma":"Giovanni","morphology":"proper noun","role":"completes the name with S. (previous segment)","gloss":"John","note":"Together with \"S.\" (previous segment), refers to the iconographic young Saint John the Baptist figure."},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of nonno","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nonno","lemma":"nonno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"grandfather"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of conservava","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ancora","lemma":"ancora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies conservava","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"conservava","lemma":"conservare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on nonno","gloss":"kept"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of barba","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"barba","lemma":"barba","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of conservava","gloss":"beard"},{"surface":"rossiccia","lemma":"rossiccio","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies barba","gloss":"reddish"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"aveva","lemma":"avere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with conservava","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of occhi","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"occhi","lemma":"occhio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of aveva","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"neri","lemma":"nero","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies occhi","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"lucenti","lemma":"lucente","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies occhi","gloss":"shining"},{"surface":"vestiva","lemma":"vestire","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was dressed"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pelo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"pelo","lemma":"pelo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of vestiva","gloss":"skins"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking eremita","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of eremita","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"vecchio","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies eremita","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"eremita","lemma":"eremita","morphology":"noun, masculine","role":"oblique complement of vestiva","gloss":"hermit"}]},{"number":12,"label":"7","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p7-s1","source":"E come in certe vignette bibliche, un lungo cane, sdraiato davanti alla capanna, vigilava il gregge pascolante; un corvo addomesticato correva di tanto in tanto a beccare le mosche che si posavano sul cane, una farfalla rossastra volava dalla capanna alla quercia.","translation":"And as in certain Biblical illustrations, a long dog, stretched out in front of the hut, watched over the grazing flock; a tame crow ran now and then to peck at the flies that landed on the dog, and a reddish butterfly flew from the hut to the oak.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"E","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces comparison clause","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vignette","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"certe","lemma":"certo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of vignette","gloss":"certain"},{"surface":"vignette","lemma":"vignetta","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"object of in (comparison clause)","gloss":"illustrations"},{"surface":"bibliche","lemma":"biblico","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies vignette","gloss":"Biblical"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cane","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"lungo","lemma":"lungo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cane","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"cane","lemma":"cane","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of vigilava","gloss":"dog"},{"surface":"sdraiato","lemma":"sdraiare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"participial clause modifying cane","gloss":"stretched out"},{"surface":"davanti","lemma":"davanti","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition marking capanna","gloss":"in front of"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"a il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of capanna","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"capanna","lemma":"capanna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sdraiato","gloss":"hut"},{"surface":"vigilava","lemma":"vigilare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"watched over"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of gregge","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"gregge","lemma":"gregge","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of vigilava","gloss":"flock"},{"surface":"pascolante","lemma":"pascolante","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies gregge","gloss":"grazing"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of corvo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"corvo","lemma":"corvo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of correva","gloss":"crow"},{"surface":"addomesticato","lemma":"addomesticato","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies corvo","gloss":"tame"},{"surface":"correva","lemma":"correre","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"ran"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tanto","gloss":"from","note":"Idiom: \"di tanto in tanto\" = \"from time to time / now and then\"."},{"surface":"tanto","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"oblique complement of correva","gloss":"so much"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tanto","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"tanto","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies correva","gloss":"so much"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of beccare","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"beccare","lemma":"beccare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of correva","gloss":"peck at"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of mosche","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mosche","lemma":"mosca","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of beccare","gloss":"flies"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of posavano","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive, third-person","role":"reflexive marker of posavano","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"posavano","lemma":"posare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"relative clause on mosche","gloss":"landed"},{"surface":"sul","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cane","gloss":"on the"},{"surface":"cane","lemma":"cane","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of posavano","gloss":"dog"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of farfalla","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"farfalla","lemma":"farfalla","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of volava","gloss":"butterfly"},{"surface":"rossastra","lemma":"rossastro","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies farfalla","gloss":"reddish"},{"surface":"volava","lemma":"volare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with correva","gloss":"flew"},{"surface":"dalla","lemma":"da il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking capanna","gloss":"from the"},{"surface":"capanna","lemma":"capanna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of volava","gloss":"hut"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking quercia","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"quercia","lemma":"quercia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of volava","gloss":"oak"}]},{"number":13,"label":"8","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p8-s1","source":"Il verde piano dormiva sotto il gran sole di maggio; dalle alte erbe sorgevano altissimi fiori gialli e violetti, che a Basilio, quando si sdrajava sull’erba, pareva toccassero il cielo: attraverso le quercie apparivano lontananze azzurre, campi indorati dall’orzo maturo, montagne rosseggianti per la fioritura del musco.","translation":"The green plain slept beneath the great May sun; out of the tall grass rose very tall yellow and violet flowers which, to Basilio, when he lay down on the grass, seemed to touch the sky: through the oaks appeared blue distances, fields gilded by the ripe barley, mountains reddened by the flowering of the moss.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"pareva toccassero","title":"Congiuntivo after «pareva»","body":"«Pareva» ('it seemed') triggers the subjunctive «toccassero» ('[that they] touched') rather than the indicative «toccavano». Verbs of seeming/appearing regularly pull a following clause into the congiuntivo."}],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of piano","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"verde","lemma":"verde","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies piano","gloss":"green"},{"surface":"piano","lemma":"piano","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of dormiva","gloss":"plain"},{"surface":"dormiva","lemma":"dormire","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"slept"},{"surface":"sotto","lemma":"sotto","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sole","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sole","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"gran","lemma":"grande","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies sole","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"sole","lemma":"sole","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of dormiva","gloss":"sun"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking maggio","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"maggio","lemma":"maggio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies sole","gloss":"May"},{"surface":"dalle","lemma":"da il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking erbe","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"alte","lemma":"alto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies erbe","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"erbe","lemma":"erba","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of sorgevano","gloss":"grass"},{"surface":"sorgevano","lemma":"sorgere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"altissimi","lemma":"alto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural, absolute superlative","role":"modifies fiori","gloss":"very tall"},{"surface":"fiori","lemma":"fiore","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of sorgevano","gloss":"flowers"},{"surface":"gialli","lemma":"giallo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies fiori","gloss":"yellow"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"violetti","lemma":"violetto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with gialli","gloss":"violet"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of toccassero","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Basilio","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Basilio","lemma":"Basilio","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of pareva","gloss":"Basilio"},{"surface":"quando","lemma":"quando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sdrajava","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"reflexive particle of sdrajava","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"sdrajava","lemma":"sdraiare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on Basilio","gloss":"lay down","note":"older spelling (j for i) of sdraiava, from the reflexive sdraiarsi, \"to lie down\""},{"surface":"sull’","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking erba","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"erba","lemma":"erba","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sdrajava","gloss":"grass"},{"surface":"pareva","lemma":"parere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause verb, modifies fiori","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"toccassero","lemma":"toccare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, plural","role":"clause complement of pareva","gloss":"touched"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cielo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cielo","lemma":"cielo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of toccassero","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"attraverso","lemma":"attraverso","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking quercie","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of quercie","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"quercie","lemma":"quercia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of apparivano","gloss":"oaks"},{"surface":"apparivano","lemma":"apparire","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"appeared"},{"surface":"lontananze","lemma":"lontananza","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of apparivano","gloss":"distances"},{"surface":"azzurre","lemma":"azzurro","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies lontananze","gloss":"blue"},{"surface":"campi","lemma":"campo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with lontananze","gloss":"fields"},{"surface":"indorati","lemma":"indorare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, plural","role":"modifies campi","gloss":"gilded"},{"surface":"dall’","lemma":"da il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking orzo","gloss":"by the"},{"surface":"orzo","lemma":"orzo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of indorati","gloss":"barley"},{"surface":"maturo","lemma":"maturo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies orzo","gloss":"ripe"},{"surface":"montagne","lemma":"montagna","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with lontananze","gloss":"mountains"},{"surface":"rosseggianti","lemma":"rosseggiante","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies montagne","gloss":"reddened"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fioritura","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of fioritura","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fioritura","lemma":"fioritura","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies montagne","gloss":"flowering"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking musco","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"musco","lemma":"muschio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies fioritura","gloss":"moss","note":"musco is an older/literary form of muschio (moss)"}]},{"number":14,"label":"9","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p9-s1","source":"— Basile, — disse il nonno, — va e chiama Sidru.","translation":"— Basile, — said the grandfather, — go and call Sidru.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Basile","lemma":"Basile","morphology":"proper noun","role":"vocative address","gloss":"Basile"},{"surface":"disse","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"reporting clause verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of nonno","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nonno","lemma":"nonno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of disse","gloss":"grandfather"},{"surface":"va","lemma":"andare","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the quoted command","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"chiama","lemma":"chiamare","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"coordinated with va","gloss":"call"},{"surface":"Sidru","lemma":"Sidru","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of chiama","gloss":"Sidru"}]},{"number":15,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p9-s2","source":"Digli che devo parlargli.","translation":"Tell him I need to speak with him.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Digli","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular, with clitic pronoun","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"tell him","note":"fusion of di' (imperative of dire) + gli (to him)"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of devo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"devo","lemma":"dovere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of parlargli","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"parlargli","lemma":"parlare","morphology":"verb, infinitive, with clitic pronoun","role":"complement of devo","gloss":"to speak to him"}]},{"number":16,"label":"10","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p10-s1","source":"Il ragazzetto s’allontanò saltellando.","translation":"The little boy went off skipping.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of ragazzetto","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ragazzetto","lemma":"ragazzetto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of allontanò","gloss":"little boy"},{"surface":"s’","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"reflexive particle of allontanò","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"allontanò","lemma":"allontanare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went off"},{"surface":"saltellando","lemma":"saltellare","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"gerund modifying allontanò","gloss":"skipping"}]},{"number":17,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p10-s2","source":"Il servo non tardò ad obbedire, ma s’avvicinò a passi lenti.","translation":"The servant did not delay in obeying, but approached with slow steps.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of servo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"servo","lemma":"servo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of tardò","gloss":"servant"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tardò","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tardò","lemma":"tardare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"delayed"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of obbedire","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"obbedire","lemma":"obbedire","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of tardò","gloss":"obeying"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"s’","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"reflexive particle of avvicinò","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"avvicinò","lemma":"avvicinare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with tardò","gloss":"approached"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking passi","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"passi","lemma":"passo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of avvicinò","gloss":"steps"},{"surface":"lenti","lemma":"lento","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies passi","gloss":"slow"}]},{"number":18,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p10-s3","source":"Era anch’egli vecchio, vecchio quanto il padrone: sbarbato e senza denti, coi capelli bianchi divisi sulla fronte, pareva una donna vecchia travestita da uomo.","translation":"He too was old, as old as his master: clean-shaven and toothless, his white hair parted on his forehead, he looked like an old woman disguised as a man.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to vecchio","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"anch’","lemma":"anche","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies egli","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"egli","lemma":"egli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of Era","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"vecchio","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of Era","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"vecchio","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"repeats vecchio, compared with padrone","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"quanto","lemma":"quanto","morphology":"pronoun","role":"introduces comparison with padrone","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of padrone","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"padrone","lemma":"padrone","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"complement of quanto","gloss":"master"},{"surface":"sbarbato","lemma":"sbarbato","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies egli","gloss":"clean-shaven"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"senza","lemma":"senza","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking denti","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"denti","lemma":"dente","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with sbarbato","gloss":"teeth"},{"surface":"coi","lemma":"con il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking capelli","gloss":"with the"},{"surface":"capelli","lemma":"capello","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of sbarbato","gloss":"hair"},{"surface":"bianchi","lemma":"bianco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies capelli","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"divisi","lemma":"diviso","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, plural","role":"modifies capelli","gloss":"parted"},{"surface":"sulla","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fronte","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"fronte","lemma":"fronte","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"oblique complement of divisi","gloss":"forehead"},{"surface":"pareva","lemma":"parere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"looked like"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of donna","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"donna","lemma":"donna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of pareva","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"vecchia","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies donna","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"travestita","lemma":"travestire","morphology":"verb, past, participle, feminine, singular","role":"clause modifying donna","gloss":"disguised"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking uomo","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"uomo","lemma":"uomo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"agent of travestita","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":19,"label":"11","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p11-s1","source":"— Senti, — disse babbo Ara, — da domani manderemo l’entrata con Basile; è tempo che anche il pulcino si renda utile.","translation":"— Listen, — said grandfather Ara, — from tomorrow we'll send the flock's takings with Basile; it's time the little chick made himself useful too.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"il pulcino","title":"“The chick” — a nickname","body":"«Pulcino» means 'chick' (baby bird). The grandfather and servant use it as a half-fond, half-mocking nickname for young Basile throughout the story, marking him as still too small for a man's work."}],"words":[{"surface":"Senti","lemma":"sentire","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the quoted clause","gloss":"listen"},{"surface":"disse","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"reporting clause verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"babbo","lemma":"babbo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of disse","gloss":"grandfather"},{"surface":"Ara","lemma":"Ara","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies babbo","gloss":"Ara"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking domani","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"domani","lemma":"domani","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies manderemo","gloss":"tomorrow"},{"surface":"manderemo","lemma":"mandare","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the quoted clause","gloss":"we'll send"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of entrata","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"entrata","lemma":"entrata","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of manderemo","gloss":"takings"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Basile","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Basile","lemma":"Basile","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of manderemo","gloss":"Basile"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to tempo","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"tempo","lemma":"tempo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of è","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of renda","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"anche","lemma":"anche","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pulcino","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pulcino","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pulcino","lemma":"pulcino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of renda","gloss":"little chick"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"reflexive particle of renda","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"renda","lemma":"rendere","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of tempo","gloss":"make"},{"surface":"utile","lemma":"utile","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"complement of renda","gloss":"useful"}]},{"number":20,"label":"12","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p12-s1","source":"Il servo spalancò gli occhi, e la stizza gli accese il sangue.","translation":"The servant's eyes went wide, and anger set his blood on fire.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of servo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"servo","lemma":"servo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of spalancò","gloss":"servant"},{"surface":"spalancò","lemma":"spalancare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"opened wide"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of occhi","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"occhi","lemma":"occhio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of spalancò","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of stizza","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"stizza","lemma":"stizza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of accese","gloss":"anger"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"gli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of accese","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"accese","lemma":"accendere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with spalancò","gloss":"set on fire"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sangue","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sangue","lemma":"sangue","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of accese","gloss":"blood"}]},{"number":21,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p12-s2","source":"Ma era troppo vecchio per arrossire, e troppo furbo per non tradirsi.","translation":"But he was too old to blush, and too shrewd not to betray himself.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to vecchio","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"troppo","lemma":"troppo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vecchio","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"vecchio","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of era","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of arrossire","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"arrossire","lemma":"arrossire","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on vecchio","gloss":"blush"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"troppo","lemma":"troppo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies furbo","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"furbo","lemma":"furbo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with vecchio","gloss":"shrewd"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of tradirsi","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tradirsi","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tradirsi","lemma":"tradirsi","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on furbo","gloss":"betray himself"}]},{"number":22,"label":"13","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p13-s1","source":"— Ecco, — pensò, — io non ho più denti, ma sono ancora un peccatore; ogni sera, allorchè rientro in paese col prodotto del gregge, prima di giungere alla casa del mio padrone faccio tappa davanti alla casa della mia “amica„ alla quale regalo un po’ di latte e un po’ di formaggio.","translation":"— There now, — he thought, — I have no teeth left, but I'm still a sinner; every evening, when I come back to the village with the flock's produce, before reaching my master's house I stop at the house of my ‘lady friend’, to whom I give a bit of milk and a bit of cheese.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"allorchè","title":"«Allorchè» — literary 'when'","body":"An archaic, elevated synonym for «quando» ('when'), common in earlier written Italian prose but rare in speech even in Deledda's own day — a marker of the narrator's literary register."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ecco","lemma":"ecco","morphology":"adverb","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"there now"},{"surface":"pensò","lemma":"pensare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"reporting clause verb","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"io","lemma":"io","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of ho","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ho","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ho","lemma":"avere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"più","lemma":"più","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ho","gloss":"anymore"},{"surface":"denti","lemma":"dente","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of ho","gloss":"teeth"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"sono","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to peccatore","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"ancora","lemma":"ancora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies peccatore","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of peccatore","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"peccatore","lemma":"peccatore","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of sono","gloss":"sinner"},{"surface":"ogni","lemma":"ogni","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of sera","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"sera","lemma":"sera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"temporal adjunct of faccio","gloss":"evening"},{"surface":"allorchè","lemma":"allorché","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of rientro","gloss":"when","note":"literary/formal equivalent of quando"},{"surface":"rientro","lemma":"rientrare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the allorché clause","gloss":"come back"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking paese","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"paese","lemma":"paese","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of rientro","gloss":"village"},{"surface":"col","lemma":"con il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking prodotto","gloss":"with the"},{"surface":"prodotto","lemma":"prodotto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of rientro","gloss":"produce"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gregge","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"gregge","lemma":"gregge","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies prodotto","gloss":"flock"},{"surface":"prima","lemma":"prima","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of giungere","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase prima","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"giungere","lemma":"giungere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on faccio","gloss":"reaching"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking casa","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"casa","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of giungere","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking padrone","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"mio","lemma":"mio","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on padrone","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"padrone","lemma":"padrone","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies casa","gloss":"master"},{"surface":"faccio","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"make"},{"surface":"tappa","lemma":"tappa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of faccio","gloss":"a stop","note":"fare tappa is idiomatic for \"to stop\""},{"surface":"davanti","lemma":"davanti","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition marking casa","gloss":"in front of"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase davanti","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"casa","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"location complement of faccio","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"della","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking amica","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"mia","lemma":"mio","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"depends on amica","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"amica","lemma":"amico","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"genitive complement of casa","gloss":"lady friend","note":"the original puts amica in quotation marks, a euphemism for a mistress"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking quale","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"quale","lemma":"quale","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"indirect object of regalo","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"regalo","lemma":"regalare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause modifying amica","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of po’","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"po’","lemma":"poco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of regalo","gloss":"a bit"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking latte","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"latte","lemma":"latte","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies po’","gloss":"milk"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of po’","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"po’","lemma":"poco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with po’","gloss":"a bit"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking formaggio","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"formaggio","lemma":"formaggio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies po’","gloss":"cheese"}]},{"number":23,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p13-s2","source":"Poca roba, che a lei però, poveretta, sembra molta.","translation":"Little enough, but to her, poor thing, it seems like a lot.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Poca","lemma":"poco","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of roba","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"roba","lemma":"roba","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of sembra","gloss":"stuff"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of sembra","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lei","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"lei","lemma":"lei","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of sembra","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"però","lemma":"però","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sembra","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"poveretta","lemma":"poveretto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"appositive to lei","gloss":"poor thing"},{"surface":"sembra","lemma":"sembrare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seems"},{"surface":"molta","lemma":"molto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"complement of sembra","gloss":"a lot"}]},{"number":24,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p13-s3","source":"Ogni anno, per Pasqua, io vado a confessarmi, e prometto di emendarmi, ma finora non ho potuto.","translation":"Every year, at Easter, I go to confession, and I promise to mend my ways, but so far I haven't managed to.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ogni","lemma":"ogni","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of anno","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"anno","lemma":"anno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of vado","gloss":"year"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Pasqua","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Pasqua","lemma":"Pasqua","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of vado","gloss":"Easter"},{"surface":"io","lemma":"io","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of vado","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"vado","lemma":"andare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of confessarmi","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"confessarmi","lemma":"confessarsi","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of vado","gloss":"confess myself"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"prometto","lemma":"promettere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with vado","gloss":"promise"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking emendarmi","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"emendarmi","lemma":"emendarsi","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of prometto","gloss":"mend myself"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"finora","lemma":"finora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies potuto","gloss":"so far"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies potuto","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ho","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of potuto","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"potuto","lemma":"potere","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with prometto","gloss":"managed"}]},{"number":25,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p13-s4","source":"Ecco che ora mi toccherà di emendarmi per forza.","translation":"Now, it seems, I'll have to mend my ways whether I like it or not.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ecco","lemma":"ecco","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies toccherà","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of toccherà","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ora","lemma":"ora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies toccherà","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"indirect object of toccherà","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"toccherà","lemma":"toccare","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will be up to"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking emendarmi","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"emendarmi","lemma":"emendarsi","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of toccherà","gloss":"mend myself"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking forza","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"forza","lemma":"forza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of toccherà, idiom per forza","gloss":"force","note":"\"Per forza\" is an idiom meaning \"of necessity, whether one likes it or not.\""}]},{"number":26,"label":"14","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p14-s1","source":"— Che dici, vecchia volpe? — gridò il padrone.","translation":"— What are you saying, old fox? — the master shouted.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of dici","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"dici","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"are you saying"},{"surface":"vecchia","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies volpe","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"volpe","lemma":"volpe","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"fox"},{"surface":"gridò","lemma":"gridare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"shouted"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of padrone","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"padrone","lemma":"padrone","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of gridò","gloss":"master"}]},{"number":27,"label":"15","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p15-s1","source":"— Basile è troppo piccolo, lo deruberanno.","translation":"— Basile is too small, they'll rob him.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Basile","lemma":"Basile","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of è","gloss":"Basile"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to piccolo","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"troppo","lemma":"troppo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies piccolo","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"piccolo","lemma":"piccolo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of è","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of deruberanno","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"deruberanno","lemma":"derubare","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the second clause","gloss":"will rob"}]},{"number":28,"label":"16","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p16-s1","source":"— Eh, non rompermi le gambe, ora!","translation":"— Eh, don't break my legs now!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Eh","lemma":"eh","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"eh"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rompermi","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"rompermi","lemma":"rompere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"break","note":"Negative imperative uses the infinitive; \"mi\" is a dative of possession, \"my legs.\""},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of gambe","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"gambe","lemma":"gamba","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of rompermi","gloss":"legs"},{"surface":"ora","lemma":"ora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rompermi","gloss":"now"}]},{"number":29,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p16-s2","source":"Ti dispiace perchè non puoi far tappa dalla tua “amica?„ — disse il vecchio Ara.","translation":"Does it upset you that you can't stop off at your ‘lady friend's’? — said old Ara.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ti","lemma":"ti","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"indirect object of dispiace","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"dispiace","lemma":"dispiacere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"upsets"},{"surface":"perchè","lemma":"perché","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of puoi","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies puoi","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"puoi","lemma":"potere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of far","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"far","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of puoi","gloss":"stop off"},{"surface":"tappa","lemma":"tappa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of far","gloss":"stop","note":"\"Far tappa\" is idiomatic for \"to stop off, make a stop.\""},{"surface":"dalla","lemma":"da la","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking amica","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"tua","lemma":"tuo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"depends on amica","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"amica","lemma":"amico","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of far","gloss":"lady friend"},{"surface":"disse","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Ara","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vecchio","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Ara","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"Ara","lemma":"Ara","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of disse","gloss":"Ara"}]},{"number":30,"label":"17","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p17-s1","source":"Ma il servo era abituato a sentirsi rinfacciare ogni momento il suo peccato, e rispose pazientemente:","translation":"But the servant was used to being reminded of his sin at every turn, and he answered patiently:","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of servo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"servo","lemma":"servo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of abituato","gloss":"servant"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of abituato","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"abituato","lemma":"abituare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"used"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of sentirsi","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sentirsi","lemma":"sentirsi","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of abituato","gloss":"being","note":"\"Sentirsi + infinitive\" gives a passive sense, \"to have (something) done to oneself.\""},{"surface":"rinfacciare","lemma":"rinfacciare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of sentirsi","gloss":"reminded"},{"surface":"ogni","lemma":"ogni","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of momento","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"momento","lemma":"momento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"temporal adverbial modifying rinfacciare","gloss":"moment"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of peccato","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"suo","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on peccato","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"peccato","lemma":"peccato","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of rinfacciare","gloss":"sin"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"rispose","lemma":"rispondere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with era","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"pazientemente","lemma":"pazientemente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rispose","gloss":"patiently"}]},{"number":31,"label":"18","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p18-s1","source":"— Fa come vuoi, allora, padrone mio: io me ne lavo le mani.","translation":"— Do as you like, then, my master: I wash my hands of it.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"me ne lavo le mani","title":"Pronominal verb «lavarsene le mani»","body":"«Lavarsene le mani» ('to wash one's hands of it') stacks the reflexive «mi» and the partitive «ne» onto «lavare»: «me ne lavo le mani» literally 'I wash myself of it the hands'. The idiom (and its clitic pile-up) survives almost unchanged in English."}],"words":[{"surface":"Fa","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vuoi","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"vuoi","lemma":"volere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of Fa","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"allora","lemma":"allora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Fa","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"padrone","lemma":"padrone","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"master"},{"surface":"mio","lemma":"mio","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on padrone","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"io","lemma":"io","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of lavo","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"reflexive dative of lavo","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"pronoun","role":"partitive complement of lavo","gloss":"of it"},{"surface":"lavo","lemma":"lavare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wash"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of mani","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mani","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of lavo","gloss":"hands"}]},{"number":32,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p18-s2","source":"Ma se accade qualche disgrazia al fanciullo la responsabilità sarà tua.","translation":"But if some misfortune happens to the boy, the responsibility will be yours.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of accade","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"accade","lemma":"accadere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause modifying sarà","gloss":"happens"},{"surface":"qualche","lemma":"qualche","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of disgrazia","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"disgrazia","lemma":"disgrazia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of accade","gloss":"misfortune"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fanciullo","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"fanciullo","lemma":"fanciullo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of accade","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of responsabilità","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"responsabilità","lemma":"responsabilità","morphology":"noun, feminine","role":"subject of sarà","gloss":"responsibility"},{"surface":"sarà","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to tua","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"tua","lemma":"tuo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of sarà","gloss":"yours"}]},{"number":33,"label":"19","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p19-s1","source":"E volse le spalle.","translation":"And he turned his back.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"E","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"volse","lemma":"volgere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of spalle","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"spalle","lemma":"spalla","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of volse","gloss":"back","note":"\"Volgere le spalle\" (\"turn one's shoulders\") is the idiom for \"turn one's back.\""}]},{"number":34,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p19-s2","source":"Il corvo gli svolazzò attorno, gli si posò sul braccio e lo guardò fisso coi suoi occhi neri misteriosi.","translation":"The crow fluttered around him, landed on his arm, and stared at him fixedly with its mysterious black eyes.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of corvo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"corvo","lemma":"corvo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of svolazzò","gloss":"crow"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"gli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of svolazzò","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"svolazzò","lemma":"svolazzare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"fluttered"},{"surface":"attorno","lemma":"attorno","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies svolazzò","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"gli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of posò","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"reflexive marker of posò","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"posò","lemma":"posare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"landed"},{"surface":"sul","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking braccio","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"braccio","lemma":"braccio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of posò","gloss":"arm"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of guardò","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"guardò","lemma":"guardare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with posò","gloss":"stared at"},{"surface":"fisso","lemma":"fisso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies guardò","gloss":"fixedly"},{"surface":"coi","lemma":"con i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking occhi","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"suoi","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"depends on occhi","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"occhi","lemma":"occhio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of guardò","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"neri","lemma":"nero","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies occhi","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"misteriosi","lemma":"misterioso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies occhi","gloss":"mysterious"}]},{"number":35,"label":"20","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p20-s1","source":"— Sì, è finita, — pensava il vecchio tristemente: ma il padrone lo richiamò:","translation":"— Yes, it's over, — the old man thought sadly: but the master called him back:","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sì","lemma":"sì","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of finita","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"finita","lemma":"finire","morphology":"verb, past, participle, feminine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"pensava","lemma":"pensare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb introducing the quoted clause","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vecchio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vecchio","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of pensava","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"tristemente","lemma":"tristemente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pensava","gloss":"sadly"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of padrone","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"padrone","lemma":"padrone","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of richiamò","gloss":"master"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of richiamò","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"richiamò","lemma":"richiamare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"called back"}]},{"number":36,"label":"21","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p21-s1","source":"— Senti, vecchia volpe; tu lo seguirai da lontano, almeno per qualche tempo.","translation":"— Listen, old fox; you'll follow him from a distance, at least for some time.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Senti","lemma":"sentire","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"listen"},{"surface":"vecchia","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies volpe","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"volpe","lemma":"volpe","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"fox"},{"surface":"tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of seguirai","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of seguirai","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"seguirai","lemma":"seguire","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will follow"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lontano","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"lontano","lemma":"lontano","morphology":"adverb","role":"oblique complement of seguirai","gloss":"a distance"},{"surface":"almeno","lemma":"almeno","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tempo","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tempo","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"qualche","lemma":"qualche","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of tempo","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"tempo","lemma":"tempo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of seguirai","gloss":"time"}]},{"number":37,"label":"22","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p22-s1","source":"— Ah, ed è così che si renderà utile il pulcino, come tu dici?","translation":"— Ah, and is that how the chick will make himself useful, as you say?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ah","lemma":"ah","morphology":"interjection","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"ed","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to così","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"così","lemma":"così","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate complement of è","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of renderà","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"reflexive marker of renderà","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"renderà","lemma":"rendere","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause introduced by che","gloss":"will make"},{"surface":"utile","lemma":"utile","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"complement of renderà","gloss":"useful"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pulcino","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pulcino","lemma":"pulcino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of renderà","gloss":"chick"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of dici","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of dici","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"dici","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause modifying renderà","gloss":"say"}]},{"number":38,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p22-s2","source":"Facendo trottare a piedi un povero vecchio?","translation":"By making a poor old man trot along on foot?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Facendo","title":"Gerundio of manner","body":"«Facendo trottare» ('by making [him] trot') uses the gerundio to explain how something is done — Italian's normal way of expressing an English '-ing' or 'by ...-ing' adjunct without a conjunction."}],"words":[{"surface":"Facendo","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"making"},{"surface":"trottare","lemma":"trottare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of Facendo","gloss":"trot"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking piedi","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"piedi","lemma":"piede","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of trottare","gloss":"foot"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vecchio","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"povero","lemma":"povero","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies vecchio","gloss":"poor"},{"surface":"vecchio","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of the causative Facendo trottare","gloss":"old man"}]},{"number":39,"label":"23","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p23-s1","source":"— Tu sta zitto, asino!","translation":"— You keep quiet, jackass!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of sta","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"sta","lemma":"stare","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"keep"},{"surface":"zitto","lemma":"zitto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of sta","gloss":"quiet"},{"surface":"asino","lemma":"asino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"jackass"}]},{"number":40,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p23-s2","source":"Se non ti garba cèrcati servizio altrove.","translation":"If you don't like it, go find yourself work elsewhere.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Se","lemma":"se","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of garba","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies garba","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"ti","lemma":"ti","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"indirect object of garba","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"garba","lemma":"garbare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"conditional clause modifying cèrcati","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"cèrcati","lemma":"cercare","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"find","note":"\"Cèrcati\" = \"cerca\" (imperative) + reflexive \"ti,\" \"find for yourself.\""},{"surface":"servizio","lemma":"servizio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of cèrcati","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"altrove","lemma":"altrove","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies cèrcati","gloss":"elsewhere"}]},{"number":41,"label":"24","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p24-s1","source":"— Sì, bravo!","translation":"— Oh, fine!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sì","lemma":"sì","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"yes","note":"Sarcastic assent; rendered \"Oh\" in the translation."},{"surface":"bravo","lemma":"bravo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"well done"}]},{"number":42,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p24-s2","source":"Dove lo trovo il servizio, ora?","translation":"And where do I find work now?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dove","lemma":"dove","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies trovo","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of trovo, resuming servizio","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"trovo","lemma":"trovare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"do I find"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of servizio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"servizio","lemma":"servizio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"dislocated direct object of trovo, resumed by lo","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"ora","lemma":"ora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies trovo","gloss":"now"}]},{"number":43,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p24-s3","source":"Nell’ovile del diavolo?","translation":"In the devil's own sheepfold?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nell’","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ovile","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ovile","lemma":"ovile","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"sheepfold"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking diavolo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"diavolo","lemma":"diavolo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies ovile","gloss":"devil"}]},{"number":44,"label":"25","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p25-s1","source":"— Sidru, rognoso, non rompermi le gambe!","translation":"— Sidru, you mangy thing, don't pester me!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sidru","lemma":"Sidru","morphology":"proper noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Sidru"},{"surface":"rognoso","lemma":"rognoso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition with Sidru, vocative","gloss":"mangy thing"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rompermi","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"rompermi","lemma":"rompere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"pester","note":"\"Rompere le gambe\" is a colloquial idiom for \"to pester, annoy,\" not literal here."},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of gambe","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"gambe","lemma":"gamba","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of rompermi","gloss":"legs"}]},{"number":45,"label":"26","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p26-s1","source":"— No, padrone; le gambe te le romperà la morte con la sua falce.","translation":"— No, master; it's death who will break your legs, with his scythe.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"padrone","lemma":"padrone","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"master"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of gambe","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"gambe","lemma":"gamba","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"dislocated direct object of romperà, resumed by le","gloss":"legs"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"indirect object of romperà","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of romperà","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"romperà","lemma":"rompere","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will break"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of morte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"morte","lemma":"morte","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of romperà","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking falce","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of falce","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sua","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"depends on falce","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"falce","lemma":"falce","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of romperà","gloss":"scythe"}]},{"number":46,"label":"27","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p27-s1","source":"E dopo queste, padrone e servo si prodigarono molte altre insolenze; ma senza farne gran caso.","translation":"And after this, master and servant lavished many more insults on each other; but without thinking much of it.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"E","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"dopo","lemma":"dopo","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking queste","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"queste","lemma":"questo","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of dopo","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"padrone","lemma":"padrone","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of prodigarono","gloss":"master"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"servo","lemma":"servo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with padrone","gloss":"servant"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, reciprocal","role":"reciprocal pronoun with prodigarono","gloss":"each other"},{"surface":"prodigarono","lemma":"prodigare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lavished"},{"surface":"molte","lemma":"molto","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of insolenze","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"altre","lemma":"altro","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies insolenze","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"insolenze","lemma":"insolenza","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of prodigarono","gloss":"insults"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"senza","lemma":"senza","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of farne","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"farne","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, infinitive, with clitic ne","role":"complement of senza","gloss":"making of it","note":"farne = fare + the clitic ne (\"of it\"), referring back to the insults."},{"surface":"gran","lemma":"grande","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies caso","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"caso","lemma":"caso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of farne","gloss":"notice"}]},{"number":47,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p27-s2","source":"Usavano quasi tutti i giorni discutere così.","translation":"They were used to arguing like this almost every day.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Usavano","lemma":"usare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"were used"},{"surface":"quasi","lemma":"quasi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tutti","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"tutti","lemma":"tutto","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"depends on giorni","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of giorni","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"giorni","lemma":"giorno","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of Usavano","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"discutere","lemma":"discutere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of Usavano","gloss":"arguing"},{"surface":"così","lemma":"così","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies discutere","gloss":"like this"}]},{"number":48,"label":"28","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p28-s1","source":"Verso il tramonto Sidru sellò il piccolo cavallo, al quale un nemico del padrone aveva mozzato le orecchie, e alla sella legò la bisaccia di lana grigia, entro la quale stavan le forme di legno col cacio fresco coperto di foglie d’asfodelo, e la ricotta e il recipiente del latte.","translation":"Toward sunset Sidru saddled the little horse — whose ears an enemy of the master had once cropped — and to the saddle he tied the gray wool saddlebag, in which sat the wooden molds holding the fresh cheese wrapped in asphodel leaves, and the ricotta, and the milk pail.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"bisaccia","title":"«Bisaccia» — a saddlebag","body":"A double bag slung across a saddle or a shoulder, one pouch hanging on each side — standard shepherd's gear on Sardinian tancas for carrying cheese, milk, and provisions to and from the pastures."}],"words":[{"surface":"Verso","lemma":"verso","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tramonto","gloss":"Toward"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tramonto","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tramonto","lemma":"tramonto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sellò","gloss":"sunset"},{"surface":"Sidru","lemma":"Sidru","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of sellò","gloss":"Sidru"},{"surface":"sellò","lemma":"sellare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saddled"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cavallo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"piccolo","lemma":"piccolo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cavallo","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"cavallo","lemma":"cavallo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of sellò","gloss":"horse"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking quale","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"quale","lemma":"quale","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"indirect object of mozzato","gloss":"whom","note":"al quale ... aveva mozzato le orecchie = \"whose ears had been cropped\" (dative of possession)."},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of nemico","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"nemico","lemma":"nemico","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of mozzato","gloss":"enemy"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking padrone","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"padrone","lemma":"padrone","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies nemico","gloss":"master"},{"surface":"aveva","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of mozzato","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"mozzato","lemma":"mozzare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"relative clause on cavallo","gloss":"cropped"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of orecchie","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"orecchie","lemma":"orecchia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of mozzato","gloss":"ears"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sella","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"sella","lemma":"sella","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of legò","gloss":"saddle"},{"surface":"legò","lemma":"legare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with sellò","gloss":"tied"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of bisaccia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"bisaccia","lemma":"bisaccia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of legò","gloss":"saddlebag"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lana","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"lana","lemma":"lana","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies bisaccia","gloss":"wool"},{"surface":"grigia","lemma":"grigio","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies lana","gloss":"gray"},{"surface":"entro","lemma":"entro","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking quale","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of quale","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"quale","lemma":"quale","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"object of entro","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"stavan","lemma":"stare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"relative clause on bisaccia","gloss":"sat","note":"stavan is an apocopated (shortened) form of stavano."},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of forme","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"forme","lemma":"forma","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of stavan","gloss":"molds"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking legno","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"legno","lemma":"legno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies forme","gloss":"wood"},{"surface":"col","lemma":"con il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cacio","gloss":"with the"},{"surface":"cacio","lemma":"cacio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies forme","gloss":"cheese"},{"surface":"fresco","lemma":"fresco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cacio","gloss":"fresh"},{"surface":"coperto","lemma":"coperto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cacio","gloss":"covered"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking foglie","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"foglie","lemma":"foglia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of coperto","gloss":"leaves"},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking asfodelo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"asfodelo","lemma":"asfodelo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies foglie","gloss":"asphodel"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ricotta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ricotta","lemma":"ricotta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with forme","gloss":"ricotta"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of recipiente","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"recipiente","lemma":"recipiente","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with forme","gloss":"container"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking latte","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"latte","lemma":"latte","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies recipiente","gloss":"milk"}]},{"number":49,"label":"29","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p29-s1","source":"Poi Sidru aiutò il piccolo padrone a montare sul cavallo, e lo seguì, in distanza, trascinando il suo bastone sull’erba.","translation":"Then Sidru helped his little master mount the horse, and followed him at a distance, dragging his stick through the grass.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Poi","lemma":"poi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies aiutò","gloss":"Then"},{"surface":"Sidru","lemma":"Sidru","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of aiutò","gloss":"Sidru"},{"surface":"aiutò","lemma":"aiutare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"helped"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of padrone","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"piccolo","lemma":"piccolo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies padrone","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"padrone","lemma":"padrone","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of aiutò","gloss":"master"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of montare","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"montare","lemma":"montare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of aiutò","gloss":"mount"},{"surface":"sul","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cavallo","gloss":"on the"},{"surface":"cavallo","lemma":"cavallo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of montare","gloss":"horse"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of seguì","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"seguì","lemma":"seguire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with aiutò","gloss":"followed"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking distanza","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"distanza","lemma":"distanza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of seguì","gloss":"a distance"},{"surface":"trascinando","lemma":"trascinare","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on seguì","gloss":"dragging"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of bastone","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"suo","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on bastone","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"bastone","lemma":"bastone","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of trascinando","gloss":"stick"},{"surface":"sull’","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking erba","gloss":"through the"},{"surface":"erba","lemma":"erba","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of trascinando","gloss":"grass"}]},{"number":50,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p29-s2","source":"Il sole già senza raggi calava dietro le montagne rosee coperte di veli argentei; l’erba e gli alti fiori trasparenti si curvavano alquanto, come vinti dal sonno: nuvole d’insetti ronzavano sulle siepi, amandosi liberamente.","translation":"The sun, already without rays, was sinking behind the rose-colored mountains draped in silvery veils; the grass and the tall, translucent flowers bent slightly, as if overcome by sleep: clouds of insects buzzed over the hedges, loving each other freely.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sole","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"sole","lemma":"sole","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of calava","gloss":"sun"},{"surface":"già","lemma":"già","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies calava","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"senza","lemma":"senza","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking raggi","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"raggi","lemma":"raggio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of calava","gloss":"rays"},{"surface":"calava","lemma":"calare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was sinking"},{"surface":"dietro","lemma":"dietro","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking montagne","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of montagne","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"montagne","lemma":"montagna","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of calava","gloss":"mountains"},{"surface":"rosee","lemma":"roseo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies montagne","gloss":"rose-colored"},{"surface":"coperte","lemma":"coperto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies montagne","gloss":"covered"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking veli","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"veli","lemma":"velo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of coperte","gloss":"veils"},{"surface":"argentei","lemma":"argenteo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies veli","gloss":"silvery"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of erba","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"erba","lemma":"erba","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of curvavano","gloss":"grass"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of fiori","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"alti","lemma":"alto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies fiori","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"fiori","lemma":"fiore","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with erba","gloss":"flowers"},{"surface":"trasparenti","lemma":"trasparente","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies fiori","gloss":"translucent"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive pronoun with curvavano","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"curvavano","lemma":"curvare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"bent"},{"surface":"alquanto","lemma":"alquanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies curvavano","gloss":"slightly"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vinti","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"vinti","lemma":"vincere","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, plural","role":"adverbial clause on curvavano","gloss":"overcome"},{"surface":"dal","lemma":"da il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sonno","gloss":"by the"},{"surface":"sonno","lemma":"sonno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of vinti","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"nuvole","lemma":"nuvola","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of ronzavano","gloss":"clouds"},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking insetti","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"insetti","lemma":"insetto","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies nuvole","gloss":"insects"},{"surface":"ronzavano","lemma":"ronzare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"buzzed"},{"surface":"sulle","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking siepi","gloss":"over the"},{"surface":"siepi","lemma":"siepe","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of ronzavano","gloss":"hedges"},{"surface":"amandosi","lemma":"amarsi","morphology":"verb, gerund, reciprocal","role":"adverbial clause on ronzavano","gloss":"loving each other"},{"surface":"liberamente","lemma":"liberamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies amandosi","gloss":"freely"}]},{"number":51,"label":"30","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p30-s1","source":"Il vecchio servo camminava svelto e rapido come un cane; qualche volta però doveva correre per non perdere di vista Basile.","translation":"The old servant walked briskly and quickly, like a dog; sometimes, though, he had to run so as not to lose sight of Basile.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of servo","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"vecchio","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies servo","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"servo","lemma":"servo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of camminava","gloss":"servant"},{"surface":"camminava","lemma":"camminare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"walked"},{"surface":"svelto","lemma":"svelto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"complement of camminava","gloss":"briskly"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"rapido","lemma":"rapido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with svelto","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cane","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cane","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"cane","lemma":"cane","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of camminava","gloss":"dog"},{"surface":"qualche","lemma":"qualche","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of volta","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"volta","lemma":"volta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"adverbial, modifies doveva","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"però","lemma":"però","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies doveva","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"doveva","lemma":"dovere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of correre","gloss":"had to"},{"surface":"correre","lemma":"correre","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"run"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of perdere","gloss":"so as"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies perdere","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"perdere","lemma":"perdere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on correre","gloss":"lose"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vista","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"vista","lemma":"vista","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of perdere","gloss":"sight"},{"surface":"Basile","lemma":"Basile","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of perdere","gloss":"Basile"}]},{"number":52,"label":"31","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p31-s1","source":"— Che siate maledetti, — pensava, — tutti maledetti!","translation":"— Curse you, — he thought, — curse the lot of you!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of maledetti","gloss":"May"},{"surface":"siate","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, subjunctive, second-person, plural","role":"copula linking to maledetti","gloss":"you be","note":"\"Che siate maledetti\" is a subjunctive curse formula: \"may you be cursed.\""},{"surface":"maledetti","lemma":"maledetto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"predicate complement of siate","gloss":"cursed"},{"surface":"pensava","lemma":"pensare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"tutti","lemma":"tutto","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies maledetti","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"maledetti","lemma":"maledetto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"complement of pensava","gloss":"cursed"}]},{"number":53,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p31-s2","source":"Dopo che vi ho servito per quarant’anni mi trattate così: cane e niente altro che cane.","translation":"After I've served you for forty years, this is how you treat me: a dog, and nothing more than a dog.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dopo","lemma":"dopo","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of servito","gloss":"After"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase Dopo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"direct object of servito","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ho","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of servito","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"servito","lemma":"servire","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial clause on trattate","gloss":"served"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking anni","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"quarant’","lemma":"quaranta","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies anni","gloss":"forty"},{"surface":"anni","lemma":"anno","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of servito","gloss":"years"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of trattate","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"trattate","lemma":"trattare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"treat"},{"surface":"così","lemma":"così","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies trattate","gloss":"like this"},{"surface":"cane","lemma":"cane","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of trattate","gloss":"a dog"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"niente","lemma":"niente","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"coordinated with cane","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"altro","lemma":"altro","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies niente","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cane","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"cane","lemma":"cane","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of che","gloss":"a dog"}]},{"number":54,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p31-s3","source":"Ah, se non vi avessi voluto bene!","translation":"Ah, if only I hadn't loved you!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se non vi avessi voluto bene","title":"Counterfactual past: congiuntivo trapassato","body":"«Se non vi avessi voluto bene» ('if only I hadn't loved you') uses the past subjunctive (congiuntivo trapassato) to express an unreal, regretted past condition — what English marks with 'had' + past participle."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ah","lemma":"ah","morphology":"interjection","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Ah"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of voluto","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies voluto","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"indirect object of voluto","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"avessi","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of voluto","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"voluto","lemma":"volere","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the se-clause","gloss":"loved","note":"voler bene a qualcuno is idiomatic for \"to love someone\" (literally \"to wish someone well\")."},{"surface":"bene","lemma":"bene","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies voluto","gloss":"well"}]},{"number":55,"label":"32","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p32-s1","source":"Cammina e cammina, padroncino e servo arrivarono al paese: era già sera; la luna nuova illuminava con un crepuscolo verdognolo le casette nere del villaggio.","translation":"Walking and walking, little master and servant reached the village: it was already evening; the new moon lit the black little houses of the village with a greenish twilight.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Cammina e cammina","title":"Reduplication for 'on and on'","body":"Repeating an imperative-form verb («cammina e cammina», literally 'walk and walk') is a common Italian narrative idiom for a long, uneventful stretch of time passing — much like English 'they walked and walked'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Cammina","lemma":"camminare","morphology":"verb, present, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"adverbial phrase modifying arrivarono","gloss":"walking","note":"\"Cammina e cammina\" is an idiomatic reduplication meaning \"after walking and walking\"."},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"cammina","lemma":"camminare","morphology":"verb, present, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"coordinated with Cammina","gloss":"walking"},{"surface":"padroncino","lemma":"padroncino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of arrivarono, coordinated with servo","gloss":"little master"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"servo","lemma":"servo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with padroncino, subject of arrivarono","gloss":"servant"},{"surface":"arrivarono","lemma":"arrivare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking paese","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"paese","lemma":"paese","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of arrivarono","gloss":"village"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to sera","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"già","lemma":"già","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sera","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"sera","lemma":"sera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"evening"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of luna","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"luna","lemma":"luna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of illuminava","gloss":"moon"},{"surface":"nuova","lemma":"nuovo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies luna","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"illuminava","lemma":"illuminare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lit"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking crepuscolo","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of crepuscolo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"crepuscolo","lemma":"crepuscolo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of illuminava","gloss":"twilight"},{"surface":"verdognolo","lemma":"verdognolo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies crepuscolo","gloss":"greenish"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of casette","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"casette","lemma":"casetta","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of illuminava","gloss":"little houses"},{"surface":"nere","lemma":"nero","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies casette","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking villaggio","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"villaggio","lemma":"villaggio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies casette","gloss":"village"}]},{"number":56,"label":"33","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p33-s1","source":"Sidru lasciò che il fanciullo s’avviasse alla casa degli Ara, ed egli entrò dalla sua “amica„.","translation":"Sidru let the boy make his way to the Ara house, and he himself went in to see his ‘lady friend’.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sidru","lemma":"Sidru","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of lasciò","gloss":"Sidru"},{"surface":"lasciò","lemma":"lasciare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of avviasse","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of fanciullo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fanciullo","lemma":"fanciullo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of avviasse","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"s’","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive pronoun of avviasse","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"avviasse","lemma":"avviarsi","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of lasciò","gloss":"made his way"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking casa","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"casa","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of avviasse","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"degli","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Ara","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Ara","lemma":"Ara","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies casa","gloss":"Ara"},{"surface":"ed","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"egli","lemma":"egli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of entrò","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"entrò","lemma":"entrare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with lasciò","gloss":"went in"},{"surface":"dalla","lemma":"da il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking amica","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sua","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"depends on amica","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"amica","lemma":"amico","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of entrò","gloss":"lady friend","note":"A euphemism (in quotes in the original) for the servant's mistress."}]},{"number":57,"label":"34","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p34-s1","source":"Pareva un cane frustato, ma “l’amica„, una donna anziana che aveva un figlio discolo, lo accolse benevolmente e lo confortò.","translation":"He looked like a whipped dog, but ‘the lady friend’, an elderly woman who had a wayward son, welcomed him kindly and comforted him.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pareva","lemma":"parere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"looked like"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cane","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"cane","lemma":"cane","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of Pareva","gloss":"dog"},{"surface":"frustato","lemma":"frustato","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cane","gloss":"whipped"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of amica","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"amica","lemma":"amico","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of accolse","gloss":"lady friend"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of donna","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"donna","lemma":"donna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to amica","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"anziana","lemma":"anziano","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies donna","gloss":"elderly"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of aveva","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"aveva","lemma":"avere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on donna","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of figlio","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"figlio","lemma":"figlio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of aveva","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"discolo","lemma":"discolo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies figlio","gloss":"wayward"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of accolse","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"accolse","lemma":"accogliere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with Pareva","gloss":"welcomed"},{"surface":"benevolmente","lemma":"benevolmente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies accolse","gloss":"kindly"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of confortò","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"confortò","lemma":"confortare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with accolse","gloss":"comforted"}]},{"number":58,"label":"35","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p35-s1","source":"— Siamo amici da vent’anni, — ella disse, — e non è per un po’ di latte e di cacio fresco che io ti voglio bene.","translation":"— We've been friends for twenty years, — she said, — and it isn't for a bit of milk and fresh cheese that I care for you.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Siamo","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"copula linking to amici","gloss":"have been"},{"surface":"amici","lemma":"amico","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"predicate complement of Siamo","gloss":"friends"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking anni","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"vent’","lemma":"venti","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies anni","gloss":"twenty"},{"surface":"anni","lemma":"anno","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"temporal adjunct of Siamo","gloss":"years"},{"surface":"ella","lemma":"ella","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of disse","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"disse","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the quotative clause","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies è","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula in the cleft construction","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking po’","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of po’","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"po’","lemma":"poco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of per, focus of the cleft","gloss":"bit"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking latte","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"latte","lemma":"latte","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"complement of po’","gloss":"milk"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cacio","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cacio","lemma":"cacio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with latte","gloss":"cheese"},{"surface":"fresco","lemma":"fresco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cacio","gloss":"fresh"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of voglio, completing the cleft","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"io","lemma":"io","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of voglio","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ti","lemma":"ti","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"indirect object of voglio","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"voglio","lemma":"volere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the che-clause (idiom volere bene)","gloss":"care for"},{"surface":"bene","lemma":"bene","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies voglio","gloss":"well","note":"\"Volere bene a\" is an idiom meaning \"to love/care about\"; literally \"to want well.\""}]},{"number":59,"label":"36","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p36-s1","source":"— Fra giorni ti porterò un agnello, — promise tuttavia il servo.","translation":"— In a few days I'll bring you a lamb, — the servant promised all the same.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Fra","lemma":"fra","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking giorni","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"giorni","lemma":"giorno","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of porterò","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"ti","lemma":"ti","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"indirect object of porterò","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"porterò","lemma":"portare","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the quoted sentence","gloss":"will bring"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of agnello","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"agnello","lemma":"agnello","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of porterò","gloss":"lamb"},{"surface":"promise","lemma":"promettere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"promised"},{"surface":"tuttavia","lemma":"tuttavia","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies promise","gloss":"all the same"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of servo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"servo","lemma":"servo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of promise","gloss":"servant"}]},{"number":60,"label":"37","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p37-s1","source":"E i due vecchi amanti si lasciarono più amici di prima.","translation":"And the two old lovers parted better friends than before.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"E","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of amanti","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"due","lemma":"due","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies amanti","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"vecchi","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies amanti","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"amanti","lemma":"amante","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of lasciarono","gloss":"lovers"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, reciprocal","role":"reciprocal pronoun of lasciarono","gloss":"each other"},{"surface":"lasciarono","lemma":"lasciarsi","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"parted"},{"surface":"più","lemma":"più","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies amici","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"amici","lemma":"amico","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"predicate complement of lasciarono","gloss":"friends"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking prima","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"prima","lemma":"prima","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies amici","gloss":"before"}]},{"number":61,"label":"38","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p38-s1","source":"Per rassicurare la vecchia padrona Sidru credè opportuno lasciarsi vedere.","translation":"To reassure the old mistress, Sidru thought it wise to let himself be seen.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of rassicurare","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"rassicurare","lemma":"rassicurare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on credè","gloss":"reassure"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of padrona","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vecchia","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies padrona","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"padrona","lemma":"padrona","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of rassicurare","gloss":"mistress"},{"surface":"Sidru","lemma":"Sidru","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of credè","gloss":"Sidru"},{"surface":"credè","lemma":"credere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"opportuno","lemma":"opportuno","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"complement of credè","gloss":"wise"},{"surface":"lasciarsi","lemma":"lasciarsi","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of credè, governs vedere","gloss":"let himself"},{"surface":"vedere","lemma":"vedere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of lasciarsi","gloss":"be seen"}]},{"number":62,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p38-s2","source":"Non l’avesse mai fatto!","translation":"He should never have done it!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Non l’avesse mai fatto","title":"Congiuntivo trapassato of regret","body":"«Non l'avesse mai fatto!» ('he should never have done it!') is an exclamatory pluperfect subjunctive with no «se» — a set way of expressing hindsight regret, without a full conditional sentence."}],"words":[{"surface":"Non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies avesse fatto, correlative with mai","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of avesse fatto","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"avesse","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of fatto","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"mai","lemma":"mai","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fatto, correlative with non","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"fatto","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"done"}]},{"number":63,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p38-s3","source":"Basile diventò livido e si mise a urlare come un piccolo dannato.","translation":"Basile turned livid and began to scream like a little damned soul.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Basile","lemma":"Basile","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of diventò","gloss":"Basile"},{"surface":"diventò","lemma":"diventare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"livido","lemma":"livido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of diventò","gloss":"livid"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive pronoun of mise (mettersi a)","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"mise","lemma":"mettersi","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with diventò","gloss":"began","note":"\"Mettersi a\" + infinitive is an idiom meaning \"to start doing\"."},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of urlare","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"urlare","lemma":"urlare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of mise","gloss":"scream"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dannato","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of dannato","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"piccolo","lemma":"piccolo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies dannato","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"dannato","lemma":"dannato","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of come","gloss":"damned soul"}]},{"number":64,"label":"39","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p39-s1","source":"— Tu mi vieni dietro, vecchia volpe? — gridò, ripetendo le ingiurie del nonno.","translation":"— You're coming after me, old fox? — he shouted, repeating his grandfather's insults.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of vieni","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of vieni (dietro a me)","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"vieni","lemma":"venire","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"are coming"},{"surface":"dietro","lemma":"dietro","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vieni","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"vecchia","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies volpe","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"volpe","lemma":"volpe","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"fox"},{"surface":"gridò","lemma":"gridare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"shouted"},{"surface":"ripetendo","lemma":"ripetere","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"gerund clause modifying gridò","gloss":"repeating"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of ingiurie","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ingiurie","lemma":"ingiuria","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of ripetendo","gloss":"insults"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nonno","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"nonno","lemma":"nonno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies ingiurie","gloss":"grandfather"}]},{"number":65,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p39-s2","source":"— Perchè?","translation":"— Why?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Perchè","lemma":"perché","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"why"}]},{"number":66,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p39-s3","source":"Sono forse una lepre che mi si debba inseguire?","translation":"Am I perhaps a hare, that I must be chased?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"che mi si debba inseguire","title":"«Si» passivante + congiuntivo","body":"«Che mi si debba inseguire» ('that I must be chased') combines the passivizing «si» with the subjunctive «debba», since it follows an implied doubt/question — 'am I really something that has to be chased?'"}],"words":[{"surface":"Sono","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to lepre","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"forse","lemma":"forse","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lepre","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of lepre","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"lepre","lemma":"lepre","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of Sono","gloss":"hare"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"relative pronoun referring to lepre","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of inseguire (si-passive)","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, impersonal/passive","role":"passive marker of inseguire","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"debba","lemma":"dovere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of inseguire","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"inseguire","lemma":"inseguire","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"relative clause on lepre","gloss":"chased"}]},{"number":67,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p39-s4","source":"Ti caccio via io, capisci?","translation":"I'm the one chasing you off, understand?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ti","lemma":"ti","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of caccio","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"caccio","lemma":"cacciare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"chase"},{"surface":"via","lemma":"via","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies caccio","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"io","lemma":"io","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"emphatic subject of caccio","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"capisci","lemma":"capire","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the tag question","gloss":"understand"}]},{"number":68,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p39-s5","source":"Vattene via, vattene via, cèrcati altro servizio.","translation":"Get away, get away, go find yourself other work.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vattene","lemma":"andarsene","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"via","lemma":"via","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Vattene","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"vattene","lemma":"andarsene","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"repeated imperative, parallel to Vattene","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"via","lemma":"via","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vattene","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"cèrcati","lemma":"cercarsi","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"parallel imperative to Vattene","gloss":"look for yourself"},{"surface":"altro","lemma":"altro","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies servizio","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"servizio","lemma":"servizio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of cèrcati","gloss":"work"}]},{"number":69,"label":"40","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p40-s1","source":"— Tu caccia via le pulci, piccola rana velenosa, — rispose tranquillamente il servo.","translation":"— You go chase off your fleas, you poisonous little frog, — the servant answered calmly.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of caccia","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"caccia","lemma":"cacciare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the quoted sentence","gloss":"chase"},{"surface":"via","lemma":"via","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies caccia","gloss":"off"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of pulci","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pulci","lemma":"pulce","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of caccia","gloss":"fleas"},{"surface":"piccola","lemma":"piccolo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies rana","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"rana","lemma":"rana","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"frog"},{"surface":"velenosa","lemma":"velenoso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies rana","gloss":"poisonous"},{"surface":"rispose","lemma":"rispondere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"tranquillamente","lemma":"tranquillamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rispose","gloss":"calmly"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of servo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"servo","lemma":"servo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of rispose","gloss":"servant"}]},{"number":70,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p40-s2","source":"— Padrona mia, datemi da cenare; me lo merito.","translation":"— My mistress, give me my supper; I've earned it.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Padrona","lemma":"padrona","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"mistress"},{"surface":"mia","lemma":"mio","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Padrona","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"datemi","lemma":"dare","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"give me"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of cenare","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"cenare","lemma":"cenare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of datemi","gloss":"have supper"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"me","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"emphatic reflexive dative of merito","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of merito","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"merito","lemma":"meritare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the second clause","gloss":"have earned"}]},{"number":71,"label":"41","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p41-s1","source":"La vecchia paesana, alta e grassa, con un profilo da matrona romana, porse al vecchio il canestro del pane e gli fece cenno di tacere perchè il “pulcino„ non si arrabbiasse oltre.","translation":"The old countrywoman, tall and stout, with the profile of a Roman matron, handed the old man the bread basket and signaled him to be quiet, so the ‘chick’ would not get any angrier.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of paesana","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vecchia","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies paesana","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"paesana","lemma":"paesano","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of porse","gloss":"countrywoman"},{"surface":"alta","lemma":"alto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies paesana","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"grassa","lemma":"grasso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with alta","gloss":"stout"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking profilo","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of profilo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"profilo","lemma":"profilo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of con, modifying paesana","gloss":"profile"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking matrona","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"matrona","lemma":"matrona","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies profilo","gloss":"matron"},{"surface":"romana","lemma":"romano","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies matrona","gloss":"Roman"},{"surface":"porse","lemma":"porgere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"handed"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vecchio","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"vecchio","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of porse","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of canestro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"canestro","lemma":"canestro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of porse","gloss":"basket"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pane","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"pane","lemma":"pane","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies canestro","gloss":"bread"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"gli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of fece","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"fece","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with porse","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"cenno","lemma":"cenno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of fece","gloss":"sign"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of tacere","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"tacere","lemma":"tacere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying cenno","gloss":"be quiet"},{"surface":"perchè","lemma":"perché","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of arrabbiasse","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pulcino","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pulcino","lemma":"pulcino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of arrabbiasse","gloss":"chick","note":"An affectionate nickname (in quotes in the original) for the boy."},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies arrabbiasse","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive pronoun of arrabbiasse","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"arrabbiasse","lemma":"arrabbiarsi","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the perché-clause (purpose), governs pulcino","gloss":"got angrier"},{"surface":"oltre","lemma":"oltre","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies arrabbiasse","gloss":"further"}]},{"number":72,"label":"42","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p42-s1","source":"*","translation":"*","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[]},{"number":73,"label":"43","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p43-s1","source":"E perchè il “pulcino„ non si arrabbiasse oltre, i padroni decisero che Sidru continuasse a vigilarlo, sì, ma non rientrasse a casa nè si lasciasse in alcun modo scorgere da Basilio.","translation":"And so that the ‘chick’ would not get any angrier, the masters decided that Sidru should keep watching over him, yes, but should not come back to the house, nor let himself be seen by Basilio in any way.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"continuasse... non rientrasse... si lasciasse","title":"Imperfect subjunctive after «decisero che»","body":"A verb of deciding/willing («decisero che», 'they decided that') pulls all three following verbs into the imperfetto congiuntivo, since a decision governs a hypothetical, not-yet-real outcome."}],"words":[{"surface":"E","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"perchè","lemma":"perché","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of arrabbiasse","gloss":"so that","note":"Older spelling of perché."},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pulcino","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pulcino","lemma":"pulcino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of arrabbiasse","gloss":"chick"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies arrabbiasse","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"expletive with arrabbiasse","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"arrabbiasse","lemma":"arrabbiare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on decisero","gloss":"would get angry"},{"surface":"oltre","lemma":"oltre","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies arrabbiasse","gloss":"further"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of padroni","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"padroni","lemma":"padrone","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of decisero","gloss":"masters"},{"surface":"decisero","lemma":"decidere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"decided"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of continuasse","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Sidru","lemma":"Sidru","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of continuasse","gloss":"Sidru"},{"surface":"continuasse","lemma":"continuare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of decisero","gloss":"should continue"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of vigilarlo","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"vigilarlo","lemma":"vigilare lo","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of continuasse","gloss":"watch him"},{"surface":"sì","lemma":"sì","morphology":"interjection","role":"depends on decisero","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rientrasse","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"rientrasse","lemma":"rientrare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with continuasse","gloss":"should come back"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking casa","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"casa","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of rientrasse","gloss":"the house"},{"surface":"nè","lemma":"né","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"expletive with lasciasse","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"lasciasse","lemma":"lasciare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with continuasse","gloss":"should let"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking modo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"alcun","lemma":"alcuno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of modo","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"modo","lemma":"modo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of lasciasse","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"scorgere","lemma":"scorgere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of lasciasse","gloss":"be seen"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Basilio","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"Basilio","lemma":"Basilio","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of scorgere","gloss":"Basilio"}]},{"number":74,"label":"44","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p44-s1","source":"Non tutti i giorni il fanciullo pretendeva di tornare in paese, e non sempre il nonno esaudiva il suo desiderio; ma quando ciò avveniva, il “pulcino„ non dimenticava di voltarsi ogni tanto, e una sera scorse in lontananza il servo.","translation":"The boy did not demand to go back to the village every day, and the grandfather did not always grant his wish; but when it did happen, the ‘chick’ never forgot to turn around now and then, and one evening he made out the servant in the distance.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tutti","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tutti","lemma":"tutto","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"depends on giorni","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of giorni","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"giorni","lemma":"giorno","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of pretendeva","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of fanciullo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fanciullo","lemma":"fanciullo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of pretendeva","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"pretendeva","lemma":"pretendere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"demanded"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of tornare","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"tornare","lemma":"tornare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of pretendeva","gloss":"go back"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking paese","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"paese","lemma":"paese","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of tornare","gloss":"village"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sempre","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"sempre","lemma":"sempre","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies esaudiva","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of nonno","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nonno","lemma":"nonno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of esaudiva","gloss":"grandfather"},{"surface":"esaudiva","lemma":"esaudire","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with pretendeva","gloss":"granted"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of desiderio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"suo","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on desiderio","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"desiderio","lemma":"desiderio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of esaudiva","gloss":"wish"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"quando","lemma":"quando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of avveniva","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ciò","lemma":"ciò","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of avveniva","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"avveniva","lemma":"avvenire","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on dimenticava","gloss":"happened"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pulcino","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pulcino","lemma":"pulcino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of dimenticava","gloss":"chick"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dimenticava","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"dimenticava","lemma":"dimenticare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"forgot"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of voltarsi","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"voltarsi","lemma":"voltare si","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of dimenticava","gloss":"turn around"},{"surface":"ogni","lemma":"ogni","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of tanto","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"tanto","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies voltarsi","gloss":"so often"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sera","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"sera","lemma":"sera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of scorse","gloss":"evening"},{"surface":"scorse","lemma":"scorgere","morphology":"verb, past historic, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with dimenticava","gloss":"made out"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lontananza","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"lontananza","lemma":"lontananza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of scorse","gloss":"the distance"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of servo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"servo","lemma":"servo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of scorse","gloss":"servant"}]},{"number":75,"label":"45","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p45-s1","source":"Cieco di collera, volse il cavallo, andò incontro a Sidru e quando gli fu vicino sollevò il piede per dargli un calcio sul viso.","translation":"Blind with rage, he turned the horse, rode toward Sidru, and when he was close he lifted his foot to kick him in the face.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Cieco","lemma":"cieco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies the unstated subject of volse","gloss":"Blind"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking collera","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"collera","lemma":"collera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies Cieco","gloss":"rage"},{"surface":"volse","lemma":"volgere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cavallo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cavallo","lemma":"cavallo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of volse","gloss":"horse"},{"surface":"andò","lemma":"andare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with volse","gloss":"rode"},{"surface":"incontro","lemma":"incontro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies andò","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase incontro","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Sidru","lemma":"Sidru","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of andò","gloss":"Sidru"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"quando","lemma":"quando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vicino","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"gli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of vicino","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"fu","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to vicino","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"vicino","lemma":"vicino","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on sollevò","gloss":"close"},{"surface":"sollevò","lemma":"sollevare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with volse","gloss":"lifted"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of piede","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"piede","lemma":"piede","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of sollevò","gloss":"foot"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of dargli","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"dargli","lemma":"dare gli","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on sollevò","gloss":"give him"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of calcio","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"calcio","lemma":"calcio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of dargli","gloss":"kick"},{"surface":"sul","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking viso","gloss":"on the"},{"surface":"viso","lemma":"viso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies calcio","gloss":"face"}]},{"number":76,"label":"46","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p46-s1","source":"Il vecchio fece appena a tempo a scansarsi: lagrime di rabbia e di dolore gl’inumidirono gli occhi.","translation":"The old man barely had time to dodge aside: tears of anger and grief moistened his eyes.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vecchio","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"vecchio","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of fece","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"fece","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"appena","lemma":"appena","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tempo","gloss":"barely"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tempo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"tempo","lemma":"tempo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of fece","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of scansarsi","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"scansarsi","lemma":"scansare si","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying tempo","gloss":"dodge aside"},{"surface":"lagrime","lemma":"lacrima","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of inumidirono","gloss":"tears","note":"Older spelling of lacrime."},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rabbia","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"rabbia","lemma":"rabbia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies lagrime","gloss":"anger"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dolore","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"dolore","lemma":"dolore","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with rabbia","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"gl’","lemma":"gli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of inumidirono","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"inumidirono","lemma":"inumidire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"moistened"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of occhi","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"occhi","lemma":"occhio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of inumidirono","gloss":"eyes"}]},{"number":77,"label":"47","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p47-s1","source":"— Perchè, ma perchè mi vieni appresso? — gridava il piccolo prepotente.","translation":"— Why, why do you keep coming after me? — the little bully shouted.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Perchè","lemma":"perché","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Why"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"perchè","lemma":"perché","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vieni","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"object of the phrase vieni appresso","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"vieni","lemma":"venire","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause","gloss":"keep coming"},{"surface":"appresso","lemma":"appresso","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vieni","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"gridava","lemma":"gridare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"shouted"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of prepotente","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"piccolo","lemma":"piccolo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies prepotente","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"prepotente","lemma":"prepotente","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of gridava","gloss":"bully"}]},{"number":78,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p47-s2","source":"— Ho bisogno di cani, io?","translation":"— Do I need dogs, I?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ho","lemma":"avere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"bisogno","lemma":"bisogno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of Ho","gloss":"need"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cani","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cani","lemma":"cane","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies bisogno","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"io","lemma":"io","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"depends on Ho","gloss":"I"}]},{"number":79,"label":"48","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p48-s1","source":"Sidru ebbe un’idea bizzarra: sollevò il bastone e mutando voce gridò:","translation":"Sidru had a strange idea: he raised his stick and, changing his voice, shouted:","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sidru","lemma":"Sidru","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of ebbe","gloss":"Sidru"},{"surface":"ebbe","lemma":"avere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"un’","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of idea","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"idea","lemma":"idea","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of ebbe","gloss":"idea"},{"surface":"bizzarra","lemma":"bizzarro","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies idea","gloss":"strange"},{"surface":"sollevò","lemma":"sollevare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"raised"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of bastone","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"bastone","lemma":"bastone","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of sollevò","gloss":"stick"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mutando","lemma":"mutare","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"coordinated with sollevò","gloss":"changing"},{"surface":"voce","lemma":"voce","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of mutando","gloss":"his voice"},{"surface":"gridò","lemma":"gridare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with sollevò","gloss":"shouted"}]},{"number":80,"label":"49","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p49-s1","source":"— Ohè, con chi parli, tu, moscherino?","translation":"— Hey there, who are you talking to, little gnat?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ohè","lemma":"ohè","morphology":"interjection","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Hey there"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking chi","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"chi","lemma":"chi","morphology":"pronoun","role":"object of con","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"parli","lemma":"parlare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the question","gloss":"are you talking"},{"surface":"tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of parli","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"moscherino","lemma":"moscherino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"vocative, addressing tu","gloss":"little gnat"}]},{"number":81,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p49-s2","source":"Chi sei tu?","translation":"Who are you?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Chi","lemma":"chi","morphology":"pronoun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Who"},{"surface":"sei","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"copula linking to Chi","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of sei","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":82,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p49-s3","source":"Io non ti conosco.","translation":"I don't know you.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Io","lemma":"io","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of conosco","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies conosco","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"ti","lemma":"ti","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of conosco","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"conosco","lemma":"conoscere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"}]},{"number":83,"label":"50","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p50-s1","source":"Basile, che non era intelligente quanto prepotente, restò alquanto perplesso: guardò il cappotto del servo, la sua berretta, il suo bastone.","translation":"Basile, who was not as clever as he was overbearing, was somewhat puzzled: he looked at the servant's coat, his cap, his stick.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Basile","lemma":"Basile","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of restò","gloss":"Basile"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of era","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies intelligente","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to intelligente","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"intelligente","lemma":"intelligente","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate complement of era","gloss":"clever"},{"surface":"quanto","lemma":"quanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the comparison with prepotente","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"prepotente","lemma":"prepotente","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"second term of comparison with intelligente","gloss":"overbearing"},{"surface":"restò","lemma":"restare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"alquanto","lemma":"alquanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies perplesso","gloss":"somewhat"},{"surface":"perplesso","lemma":"perplesso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"complement of restò","gloss":"puzzled"},{"surface":"guardò","lemma":"guardare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"second main verb, parallel to restò","gloss":"looked at"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cappotto","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cappotto","lemma":"cappotto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of guardò","gloss":"coat"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking servo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"servo","lemma":"servo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cappotto","gloss":"servant"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of berretta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sua","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"depends on berretta","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"berretta","lemma":"berretta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with cappotto","gloss":"cap"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of bastone","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"suo","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on bastone","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"bastone","lemma":"bastone","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with berretta","gloss":"stick"}]},{"number":84,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p50-s2","source":"Poi disse:","translation":"Then he said:","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Poi","lemma":"poi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies disse","gloss":"Then"},{"surface":"disse","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":85,"label":"51","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p51-s1","source":"— Vecchio sdentato, e non sei il mio servo tu?","translation":"— Toothless old man, aren't you my servant?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vecchio","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address, modified by sdentato","gloss":"Old man"},{"surface":"sdentato","lemma":"sdentare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Vecchio","gloss":"toothless"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sei","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"sei","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of servo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mio","lemma":"mio","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on servo","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"servo","lemma":"servo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of sei","gloss":"servant"},{"surface":"tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of sei","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":86,"label":"52","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p52-s1","source":"— Il tuo servo?","translation":"— Your servant?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of servo","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"tuo","lemma":"tuo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on servo","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"servo","lemma":"servo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"servant"}]},{"number":87,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p52-s2","source":"Un corno!","translation":"Like hell!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Un corno!","title":"«Un corno!» — 'like hell!'","body":"Literally 'a horn!'. A blunt colloquial exclamation of flat denial or contempt — 'no way', 'the hell I am' — much stronger than a plain «no»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of corno","gloss":"A"},{"surface":"corno","lemma":"corno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"horn","note":"Idiom \"un corno\" is a dismissive exclamation, literally \"a horn,\" meaning \"no way\"/\"like hell.\""}]},{"number":88,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p52-s3","source":"Perchè ci rassomigliamo?","translation":"Just because we look alike?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Perchè","lemma":"perché","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rassomigliamo","gloss":"Because"},{"surface":"ci","lemma":"ci","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"expletive with rassomigliamo","gloss":"each other"},{"surface":"rassomigliamo","lemma":"rassomigliare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"look alike"}]},{"number":89,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p52-s4","source":"Io non sono servo, sono padrone.","translation":"I'm no servant, I'm a master.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Io","lemma":"io","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of sono","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sono","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"sono","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to servo","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"servo","lemma":"servo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of sono","gloss":"servant"},{"surface":"sono","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to padrone","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"padrone","lemma":"padrone","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of the second sono","gloss":"master"}]},{"number":90,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p52-s5","source":"Se non mi conosci, ti faccio sapere che mi chiamo Sebastiano Marou.","translation":"If you don't know me, let me tell you my name is Sebastiano Marou.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Se","lemma":"se","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of conosci","gloss":"If"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies conosci","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of conosci","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"conosci","lemma":"conoscere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on faccio","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"ti","lemma":"ti","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"indirect object of faccio","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"faccio","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"sapere","lemma":"sapere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of faccio","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of chiamo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"expletive with chiamo","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"chiamo","lemma":"chiamare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of sapere","gloss":"am called"},{"surface":"Sebastiano","lemma":"Sebastiano","morphology":"proper noun","role":"predicate complement of chiamo","gloss":"Sebastiano"},{"surface":"Marou","lemma":"Marou","morphology":"proper noun","role":"depends on Sebastiano","gloss":"Marou"}]},{"number":91,"label":"53","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p53-s1","source":"— Va là, va là, — disse Basile, tirando le briglie al cavallo che s’era messo a pascolare.","translation":"— Go on, go on, — said Basile, pulling the reins of the horse, which had started grazing.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Va","lemma":"andare","morphology":"verb, present, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"là","lemma":"là","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Va","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"va","lemma":"andare","morphology":"verb, present, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"coordinated with Va","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"là","lemma":"là","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies va","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"disse","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the narration clause","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"Basile","lemma":"Basile","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of disse","gloss":"Basile"},{"surface":"tirando","lemma":"tirare","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on disse","gloss":"pulling"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of briglie","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"briglie","lemma":"briglia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of tirando","gloss":"reins"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cavallo","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"cavallo","lemma":"cavallo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of tirando","gloss":"horse"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of messo","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"s’","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive pronoun of messo","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of messo","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"messo","lemma":"mettere","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"relative clause on cavallo","gloss":"started"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pascolare","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"pascolare","lemma":"pascolare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of messo","gloss":"graze"}]},{"number":92,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p53-s2","source":"— Tu sei Sidru; io non mi inganno.","translation":"— You're Sidru; I'm not mistaken.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of sei","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"sei","lemma":"essere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"copula linking to Sidru","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"Sidru","lemma":"Sidru","morphology":"proper noun","role":"predicate complement of sei","gloss":"Sidru"},{"surface":"io","lemma":"io","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of inganno","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies inganno","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive, singular","role":"reflexive object of inganno","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"inganno","lemma":"ingannare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"am mistaken"}]},{"number":93,"label":"54","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p54-s1","source":"— Vattene, e se è Babbo grande che ti manda, digli che non ho bisogno d’essere invigilato.","translation":"— Go away, and if it's Grandfather who sends you, tell him I don't need to be watched over.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vattene","lemma":"andarsene","morphology":"verb, present, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"go away"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of è","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula introducing Babbo","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Babbo","lemma":"Babbo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"predicate complement of è","gloss":"Dad","note":"\"Babbo\" alone is literally \"Dad\"; the grandfather sense comes from the compound \"Babbo grande\" (Babbo + grande), not from \"Babbo\" on its own — assigning \"Grandfather\" to this token alone invents a meaning the surface form doesn't carry in isolation."},{"surface":"grande","lemma":"grande","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Babbo","gloss":"elder"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of manda","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ti","lemma":"ti","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of manda","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"manda","lemma":"mandare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on Babbo","gloss":"sends"},{"surface":"digli","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, present, imperative, second-person, singular + clitic gli","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"tell him"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ho","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ho","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ho","lemma":"avere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of digli","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"bisogno","lemma":"bisogno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of ho","gloss":"need"},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of essere","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"essere","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"passive auxiliary of invigilato","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"invigilato","lemma":"invigilare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"passive complement of essere, modifies bisogno","gloss":"watched over"}]},{"number":94,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p54-s2","source":"— Vattene o mi arrabbio davvero…","translation":"— Go away or I'll really get angry…","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vattene","lemma":"andarsene","morphology":"verb, present, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"go away"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive, singular","role":"reflexive object of arrabbio","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"arrabbio","lemma":"arrabbiarsi","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with Vattene","gloss":"get angry"},{"surface":"davvero","lemma":"davvero","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies arrabbio","gloss":"really"}]},{"number":95,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p54-s3","source":"— E non si mosse finchè Sidru non finse di ritornare verso l’ovile.","translation":"— And he did not move until Sidru pretended to head back toward the sheepfold.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"E","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mosse","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive pronoun of mosse","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"mosse","lemma":"muoversi","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"moved"},{"surface":"finchè","lemma":"finché","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of finse","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"Sidru","lemma":"Sidru","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of finse","gloss":"Sidru"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies finse","gloss":"not","note":"This 'non' after finché is pleonastic, not a real negation: finché non finse means \"until he pretended,\" not \"until he didn't pretend.\""},{"surface":"finse","lemma":"fingere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the finché-clause","gloss":"pretended"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of ritornare","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ritornare","lemma":"ritornare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of finse","gloss":"head back"},{"surface":"verso","lemma":"verso","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ovile","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of ovile","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ovile","lemma":"ovile","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of ritornare","gloss":"sheepfold"}]},{"number":96,"label":"55","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p55-s1","source":"Il giochetto continuò parecchi giorni; ma oramai il vecchio servo non ne poteva più.","translation":"The little game went on for several days; but by now the old servant couldn't take it anymore.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of giochetto","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"giochetto","lemma":"giochetto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of continuò","gloss":"little game"},{"surface":"continuò","lemma":"continuare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went on"},{"surface":"parecchi","lemma":"parecchio","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of giorni","gloss":"several"},{"surface":"giorni","lemma":"giorno","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"temporal complement of continuò","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"oramai","lemma":"oramai","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies poteva","gloss":"by now"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of servo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vecchio","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies servo","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"servo","lemma":"servo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of poteva","gloss":"servant"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies poteva","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"pronoun","role":"pronominal complement of poteva","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"poteva","lemma":"potere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"could","note":"non poterne più is a set idiom: \"couldn't take it anymore,\" not a literal \"couldn't of it more.\""},{"surface":"più","lemma":"più","morphology":"adverb","role":"completes idiom with poteva","gloss":"anymore"}]},{"number":97,"label":"56","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p56-s1","source":"— I miei padroni sono stati sempre matti. — pensava.","translation":"— My masters have always been mad. — he thought.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"I","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of padroni","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"miei","lemma":"mio","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"depends on padroni","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"padroni","lemma":"padrone","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of matti","gloss":"masters"},{"surface":"sono","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of matti","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"stati","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, participle, masculine, plural","role":"auxiliary of matti","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"sempre","lemma":"sempre","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies matti","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"matti","lemma":"matto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"predicate adjective of padroni","gloss":"mad"},{"surface":"pensava","lemma":"pensare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"}]},{"number":98,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p56-s2","source":"— Matti e prepotenti; ma ora diventano insopportabili.","translation":"— Mad and overbearing; but now they're becoming unbearable.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Matti","lemma":"matto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase (elliptical predicate)","gloss":"mad"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"prepotenti","lemma":"prepotente","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"coordinated with Matti","gloss":"overbearing"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ora","lemma":"ora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies diventano","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"diventano","lemma":"diventare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"are becoming"},{"surface":"insopportabili","lemma":"insopportabile","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"complement of diventano","gloss":"unbearable"}]},{"number":99,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p56-s3","source":"Prima hanno rovinato la loro figliuola, allevandola come una figliuola di re e dandole tutti i vizi; perciò fece la fine che fece: sposò un’immondezza, un ubbriacone, che la fece morir di dolore.","translation":"First they ruined their daughter, raising her like a king's daughter and giving her every vice; and so she came to the end she came to: she married a piece of filth, a drunkard, who made her die of grief.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Prima","lemma":"prima","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rovinato","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"hanno","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of rovinato","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"rovinato","lemma":"rovinare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"ruined"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of figliuola","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"loro","lemma":"loro","morphology":"determiner","role":"depends on figliuola","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"figliuola","lemma":"figliuola","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of rovinato","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"allevandola","lemma":"allevare","morphology":"verb, gerund + clitic la","role":"adverbial clause on rovinato","gloss":"raising her"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking figliuola","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of figliuola","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"figliuola","lemma":"figliuola","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of allevandola","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking re","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"re","lemma":"re","morphology":"noun, masculine","role":"modifies figliuola","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dandole","lemma":"dare","morphology":"verb, gerund + clitic le","role":"coordinated with allevandola","gloss":"giving her"},{"surface":"tutti","lemma":"tutto","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"depends on vizi","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of vizi","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vizi","lemma":"vizio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of dandole","gloss":"vices"},{"surface":"perciò","lemma":"perciò","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fece","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"fece","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of fine","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fine","lemma":"fine","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of fece","gloss":"end","note":"fare la fine che fece is an idiom for meeting one's fate; \"fece\" here is glossed as \"came to\" rather than the literal \"made/did.\""},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of the second fece (relative clause on fine)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"fece","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on fine","gloss":"came to"},{"surface":"sposò","lemma":"sposare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"married"},{"surface":"un’","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of immondezza","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"immondezza","lemma":"immondezza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of sposò","gloss":"filth"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of ubbriacone","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ubbriacone","lemma":"ubriacone","morphology":"noun, masculine","role":"coordinated with immondezza","gloss":"drunkard"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of the third fece","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of the third fece","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"fece","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on ubbriacone","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"morir","lemma":"morire","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of fece","gloss":"die"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dolore","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"dolore","lemma":"dolore","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of morir","gloss":"grief"}]},{"number":100,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p56-s4","source":"Ora è la volta del “pulcino„.","translation":"Now it's the ‘chick's’ turn.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ora","lemma":"ora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies è","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of volta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"volta","lemma":"volta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of è","gloss":"turn"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pulcino","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"pulcino","lemma":"pulcino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies volta","gloss":"chick"}]},{"number":101,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p56-s5","source":"Lasciatelo un po’ crescere, dategliele tutte vinte, e vedrete dove andrà a finire.","translation":"Let him grow up a bit, let him have his way in everything, and you'll see where he ends up.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Lasciatelo","lemma":"lasciare","morphology":"verb, present, imperative, second-person, plural + clitic lo","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"let him"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of po’","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"po’","lemma":"poco","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies crescere","gloss":"bit"},{"surface":"crescere","lemma":"crescere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"direct object of Lasciatelo","gloss":"grow"},{"surface":"dategliele","lemma":"dare","morphology":"verb, present, imperative, second-person, plural + clitics gli+le","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"let him have","note":"dargliele vinte is an idiom (\"always let him win/have his way\"); dategliele and vinte together carry that meaning, not a literal \"give them to him.\""},{"surface":"tutte","lemma":"tutto","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of dategliele","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"vinte","lemma":"vincere","morphology":"verb, past, participle, feminine, plural","role":"predicate complement of dategliele","gloss":"won"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vedrete","lemma":"vedere","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, second-person, plural","role":"coordinated with Lasciatelo","gloss":"will see"},{"surface":"dove","lemma":"dove","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies andrà","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"andrà","lemma":"andare","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of vedrete","gloss":"will go"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of finire","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"finire","lemma":"finire","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of andrà","gloss":"end up"}]},{"number":102,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p56-s6","source":"Misero me che sono capitato in questa famiglia.","translation":"Poor me, to have landed in this family.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Misero","lemma":"misero","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies me","gloss":"poor"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"me","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"head of the exclamation","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of capitato","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"sono","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of capitato","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"capitato","lemma":"capitare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"relative clause on me","gloss":"landed"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking famiglia","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"questa","lemma":"questo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of famiglia","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"famiglia","lemma":"famiglia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of capitato","gloss":"family"}]},{"number":103,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p56-s7","source":"Il peggio è che mi ci sono come innestato, in questa famiglia; — pensò poi sospirando.","translation":"The worst of it is that I've grown grafted onto this family, so to speak; — he thought then, sighing.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of peggio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"peggio","lemma":"peggio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of è","gloss":"worst"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sono","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive, singular","role":"reflexive pronoun of innestato","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"ci","lemma":"ci","morphology":"pronoun, locative","role":"locative pronoun of innestato, referring to famiglia","gloss":"into it"},{"surface":"sono","lemma":"essere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of innestato (reflexive perfect: mi...ci...sono innestato)","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies innestato","gloss":"so to speak"},{"surface":"innestato","lemma":"innestare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"past participle of innestarsi, predicate of the che-clause","gloss":"grafted"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking famiglia","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"questa","lemma":"questo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of famiglia","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"famiglia","lemma":"famiglia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of innestato","gloss":"family"},{"surface":"pensò","lemma":"pensare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"poi","lemma":"poi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pensò","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"sospirando","lemma":"sospirare","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on pensò","gloss":"sighing"}]},{"number":104,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p56-s8","source":"— Sì, innestato; se andrò via, mi parrà d’essere come un ramo divelto dal tronco.","translation":"— Yes, grafted; if I go away, it will feel to me like a branch torn from the trunk.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sì","lemma":"sì","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"innestato","lemma":"innestare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase (elliptical predicate)","gloss":"grafted"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of andrò","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"andrò","lemma":"andare","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on parrà","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"via","lemma":"via","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies andrò","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"indirect object of parrà","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"parrà","lemma":"parere","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will feel"},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of essere","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"essere","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"copula linking to ramo","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ramo","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of ramo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ramo","lemma":"ramo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"complement of essere","gloss":"branch"},{"surface":"divelto","lemma":"divellere","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying ramo","gloss":"torn"},{"surface":"dal","lemma":"da il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tronco","gloss":"from the"},{"surface":"tronco","lemma":"tronco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of divelto","gloss":"trunk"}]},{"number":105,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p56-s9","source":"San Basilio mio, aiutatemi voi.","translation":"My Saint Basil, you help me.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"San","lemma":"San","morphology":"proper noun","role":"vocative address","gloss":"Saint"},{"surface":"Basilio","lemma":"Basilio","morphology":"proper noun","role":"depends on San","gloss":"Basil"},{"surface":"mio","lemma":"mio","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on San","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"aiutatemi","lemma":"aiutare","morphology":"verb, present, imperative, second-person, plural + clitic mi","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"help me"},{"surface":"voi","lemma":"voi","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"emphatic subject of aiutatemi","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":106,"label":"57","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p57-s1","source":"Egli sospirò ancora e scosse la testa: — Sì, io voglio bene ai miei padroni, e certo anche essi me ne vogliono, a modo loro: siamo davvero come rami di diverse piante innestati nello stesso tronco; ma i padroni sono la quercia, io sono l’oleandro che un soffio di vento può rompere e portar via.","translation":"He sighed again and shook his head: — Yes, I love my masters, and surely they love me too, in their own way: we truly are like branches of different plants grafted onto the same trunk; but the masters are the oak, and I am the oleander that a single gust of wind can snap and carry away.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Egli","lemma":"egli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of sospirò","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"sospirò","lemma":"sospirare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sighed"},{"surface":"ancora","lemma":"ancora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sospirò","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"scosse","lemma":"scuotere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with sospirò","gloss":"shook"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of testa","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"testa","lemma":"testa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of scosse","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"Sì","lemma":"sì","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"io","lemma":"io","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of voglio","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"voglio","lemma":"volere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"love","note":"idiom 'voler bene a' = to love, care for"},{"surface":"bene","lemma":"bene","morphology":"adverb","role":"completes the idiom voglio ... bene","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"ai","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking padroni","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"miei","lemma":"mio","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"depends on padroni","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"padroni","lemma":"padrone","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of voglio","gloss":"masters"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"certo","lemma":"certo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vogliono","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"anche","lemma":"anche","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vogliono","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"essi","lemma":"esso","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of vogliono","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"me","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"indirect object of vogliono","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"pronoun","role":"anaphoric substitute for bene, object of vogliono","gloss":"well","note":"ne here stands in for 'bene' from the earlier clause: 'vogliono...ne' = they feel the same (love) too"},{"surface":"vogliono","lemma":"volere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with voglio","gloss":"love"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking modo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"modo","lemma":"modo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of vogliono","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"loro","lemma":"loro","morphology":"determiner","role":"depends on modo","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"siamo","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"copula linking to rami","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"davvero","lemma":"davvero","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies siamo","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rami","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"rami","lemma":"ramo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"predicate complement of siamo, introduced by come","gloss":"branches"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking piante","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"diverse","lemma":"diverso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies piante","gloss":"different"},{"surface":"piante","lemma":"pianta","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"complement of di, depends on rami","gloss":"plants"},{"surface":"innestati","lemma":"innestare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, plural","role":"participial modifier of rami","gloss":"grafted"},{"surface":"nello","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tronco","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"stesso","lemma":"stesso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies tronco","gloss":"same"},{"surface":"tronco","lemma":"tronco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of innestati","gloss":"trunk"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of padroni","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"padroni","lemma":"padrone","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of sono","gloss":"masters"},{"surface":"sono","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to quercia","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of quercia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"quercia","lemma":"quercia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of sono","gloss":"oak"},{"surface":"io","lemma":"io","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of sono","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"sono","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to oleandro","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of oleandro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"oleandro","lemma":"oleandro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate noun after sono","gloss":"oleander"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of rompere, refers to oleandro","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of soffio","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"soffio","lemma":"soffio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of rompere","gloss":"gust"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vento","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"vento","lemma":"vento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies soffio","gloss":"wind"},{"surface":"può","lemma":"potere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of rompere","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"rompere","lemma":"rompere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"verb of the relative clause modifying oleandro","gloss":"snap"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"portar","lemma":"portare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with rompere","gloss":"carry"},{"surface":"via","lemma":"via","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies portar","gloss":"away"}]},{"number":107,"label":"58","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p58-s1","source":"Un giorno egli disse al padrone:","translation":"One day he said to the master:","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of giorno","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"giorno","lemma":"giorno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"temporal adjunct of disse","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"egli","lemma":"egli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of disse","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"disse","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking padrone","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"padrone","lemma":"padrone","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of disse","gloss":"master"}]},{"number":108,"label":"59","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p59-s1","source":"— O mi dài un cavallo, se vuoi che continui a far da cane a tuo nipote, o ti giuro che mi sdraio sotto il primo albero che trovo.","translation":"— Either you give me a horse, if you want me to go on playing dog to your grandson, or I swear I'll lie down under the first tree I find.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se vuoi che continui","title":"Congiuntivo after «volere che»","body":"«Volere che» ('to want that') always takes the subjunctive in the following clause: «continui», not «continuo». Wanting something of someone else's action is inherently uncertain, so Italian marks it grammatically."}],"words":[{"surface":"O","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"indirect object of dài","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"dài","lemma":"dare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cavallo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"cavallo","lemma":"cavallo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of dài","gloss":"horse"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vuoi","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"vuoi","lemma":"volere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"conditional clause on dài","gloss":"want"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of continui","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"continui","lemma":"continuare","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, first-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of vuoi","gloss":"continue"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of far","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"far","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on continui","gloss":"act"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cane","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"cane","lemma":"cane","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of far","gloss":"dog"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nipote","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"tuo","lemma":"tuo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on nipote","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"nipote","lemma":"nipote","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"oblique complement of far (recipient)","gloss":"grandson"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ti","lemma":"ti","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"indirect object of giuro","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"giuro","lemma":"giurare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the second clause, coordinated with dài","gloss":"swear"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sdraio","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"reflexive pronoun of sdraio","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"sdraio","lemma":"sdraiarsi","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of giuro","gloss":"lie down"},{"surface":"sotto","lemma":"sotto","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking albero","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of albero","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"primo","lemma":"primo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies albero","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"albero","lemma":"albero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sdraio","gloss":"tree"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of trovo, refers to albero","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"trovo","lemma":"trovare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"relative clause on albero","gloss":"find"}]},{"number":109,"label":"60","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p60-s1","source":"— Sdràiati pure, — rispose il vecchio Ara.","translation":"— Lie down, then, — old Ara answered.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sdràiati","lemma":"sdraiarsi","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (imperative)","gloss":"lie down"},{"surface":"pure","lemma":"pure","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Sdràiati","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"rispose","lemma":"rispondere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Ara","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vecchio","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Ara","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"Ara","lemma":"Ara","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of rispose","gloss":"Ara"}]},{"number":110,"label":"61","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p61-s1","source":"— Vedrai, lo farò, — insistè il servo, il quale ripetè il suo proposito anche in casa della sua vecchia amica.","translation":"— You'll see, I'll do it, — the servant insisted, and he repeated his resolve at the house of his old lady friend as well.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vedrai","lemma":"vedere","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"you will see"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of farò","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"farò","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of a separate clause","gloss":"I will do"},{"surface":"insistè","lemma":"insistere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"insisted"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of servo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"servo","lemma":"servo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of insistè","gloss":"servant"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of quale","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"quale","lemma":"quale","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of ripetè","gloss":"who","note":"'il quale' is a formal relative pronoun meaning 'who/which'"},{"surface":"ripetè","lemma":"ripetere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on servo","gloss":"repeated"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of proposito","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"suo","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on proposito","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"proposito","lemma":"proposito","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of ripetè","gloss":"resolve"},{"surface":"anche","lemma":"anche","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies casa","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking casa","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"casa","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of ripetè","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"della","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking amica","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"sua","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"depends on amica","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"vecchia","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies amica","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"amica","lemma":"amica","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"complement of della, depends on casa","gloss":"friend"}]},{"number":111,"label":"62","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p62-s1","source":"— Che San Basilio mi ajuti, vedrai, non voglio più fare lo scemo.","translation":"— May Saint Basil help me, you'll see, I don't want to play the fool any longer.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the optative clause of ajuti","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"San","lemma":"san","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies Basilio","gloss":"Saint"},{"surface":"Basilio","lemma":"Basilio","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of ajuti","gloss":"Basil"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"indirect object of ajuti","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ajuti","lemma":"aiutare","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the optative clause","gloss":"help","note":"archaic spelling 'ajuti' for modern 'aiuti' (aiutare)"},{"surface":"vedrai","lemma":"vedere","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of a separate clause","gloss":"you'll see"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies voglio","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"voglio","lemma":"volere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of fare","gloss":"want"},{"surface":"più","lemma":"più","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies voglio (non...più = no longer)","gloss":"any longer"},{"surface":"fare","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of voglio","gloss":"play"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of scemo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"scemo","lemma":"scemo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of fare","gloss":"fool"}]},{"number":112,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p62-s2","source":"Domani mi sdrajerò sotto un albero: e che il piccolo prepotente vada all’inferno!","translation":"Tomorrow I'll lie down under a tree: and may the little bully go to hell!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Domani","lemma":"domani","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sdrajerò","gloss":"tomorrow"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"reflexive pronoun of sdrajerò","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"sdrajerò","lemma":"sdraiarsi","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will lie down","note":"old spelling 'j' for modern 'i' (sdraierò)"},{"surface":"sotto","lemma":"sotto","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking albero","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of albero","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"albero","lemma":"albero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sdrajerò","gloss":"tree"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the optative clause of vada","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of prepotente","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"piccolo","lemma":"piccolo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies prepotente","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"prepotente","lemma":"prepotente","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"subject of vada","gloss":"bully"},{"surface":"vada","lemma":"andare","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the optative clause","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"all’","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking inferno","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"inferno","lemma":"inferno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of vada","gloss":"hell"}]},{"number":113,"label":"63","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p63-s1","source":"Infatti l’indomani Sidru disse ancora al vecchio padrone:","translation":"And indeed, the next day Sidru said again to the old master:","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Infatti","lemma":"infatti","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies disse","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of indomani","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"indomani","lemma":"indomani","morphology":"noun, masculine","role":"temporal adjunct of disse","gloss":"next day"},{"surface":"Sidru","lemma":"Sidru","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of disse","gloss":"Sidru"},{"surface":"disse","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"ancora","lemma":"ancora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies disse","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking padrone","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"vecchio","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies padrone","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"padrone","lemma":"padrone","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of disse","gloss":"master"}]},{"number":114,"label":"64","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p64-s1","source":"— Me lo dài o no questo cavallo?","translation":"— Are you going to give me this horse or not?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Me","lemma":"me","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"indirect object of dài","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object clitic of dài, anticipating questo cavallo","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"dài","lemma":"dare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with dài","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"questo","lemma":"questo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cavallo","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"cavallo","lemma":"cavallo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of dài, in apposition to lo","gloss":"horse"}]},{"number":115,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p64-s2","source":"Io sono stanco, io non ne posso più delle vostre pazzie, Benedetto Ara!","translation":"I'm tired, I can't take any more of your madness, Benedetto Ara!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Io","lemma":"io","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of sono","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"sono","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to stanco","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"stanco","lemma":"stanco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate adjective after sono","gloss":"tired"},{"surface":"io","lemma":"io","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of posso","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies posso","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"pronoun","role":"partitive pronoun, refers to pazzie, object of posso","gloss":"of it"},{"surface":"posso","lemma":"potere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the second clause","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"più","lemma":"più","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies posso","gloss":"any more"},{"surface":"delle","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pazzie","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"vostre","lemma":"vostro","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"depends on pazzie","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"pazzie","lemma":"pazzia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of posso","gloss":"follies"},{"surface":"Benedetto","lemma":"Benedetto","morphology":"proper noun","role":"vocative address","gloss":"Benedetto"},{"surface":"Ara","lemma":"Ara","morphology":"proper noun","role":"depends on Benedetto","gloss":"Ara"}]},{"number":116,"label":"65","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p65-s1","source":"— Se non ne puoi più, ebbene, appìccati, — rispose rudemente il vecchio.","translation":"— If you can't take it anymore, well, go hang yourself, — the old man answered gruffly.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"appìccati","title":"«Appiccarsi» — to hang oneself","body":"A reflexive imperative from «appiccarsi» (regional/older variant of «impiccarsi», 'to hang oneself'): 'go hang yourself'. The «-ti» ending marks the command as directed back at the person addressed."}],"words":[{"surface":"Se","lemma":"se","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of puoi","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies puoi","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"pronoun","role":"partitive pronoun, object of puoi","gloss":"of it"},{"surface":"puoi","lemma":"potere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"conditional clause on appìccati","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"più","lemma":"più","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies puoi","gloss":"any more"},{"surface":"ebbene","lemma":"ebbene","morphology":"adverb","role":"discourse marker, introduces appìccati","gloss":"well then"},{"surface":"appìccati","lemma":"appiccarsi","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (imperative)","gloss":"hang yourself","note":"dialectal variant of 'impiccarsi', to hang oneself"},{"surface":"rispose","lemma":"rispondere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"rudemente","lemma":"rudemente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rispose","gloss":"gruffly"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vecchio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vecchio","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of rispose","gloss":"old man"}]},{"number":117,"label":"66","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p66-s1","source":"Al solito, verso il tramonto, Basile partì e il servo lo seguì.","translation":"As usual, toward sunset, Basile set out and the servant followed him.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Al","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking solito","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"solito","lemma":"solito","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of partì","gloss":"usual"},{"surface":"verso","lemma":"verso","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tramonto","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tramonto","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tramonto","lemma":"tramonto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of partì","gloss":"sunset"},{"surface":"Basile","lemma":"Basile","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of partì","gloss":"Basile"},{"surface":"partì","lemma":"partire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"set out"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of servo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"servo","lemma":"servo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of seguì","gloss":"servant"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of seguì","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"seguì","lemma":"seguire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with partì","gloss":"followed"}]},{"number":118,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p66-s2","source":"Era una giornata calda e nuvolosa.","translation":"It was a hot, cloudy day.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to giornata","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of giornata","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"giornata","lemma":"giornata","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate noun after Era","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"calda","lemma":"caldo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies giornata","gloss":"hot"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nuvolosa","lemma":"nuvoloso","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"coordinated with calda","gloss":"cloudy"}]},{"number":119,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p66-s3","source":"Al di sopra delle montagne di un azzurro fosco, il sole calava fra grandi e immobili nuvole rosse che parevano enormi rami di corallo.","translation":"Above the mountains of a dark, murky blue, the sun sank amid great, motionless red clouds that looked like enormous branches of coral.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Al","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sopra","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sopra","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"sopra","lemma":"sopra","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the compound preposition al di sopra di, marking montagne","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"delle","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking montagne","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"montagne","lemma":"montagna","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of calava","gloss":"mountains"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking azzurro","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of azzurro","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"azzurro","lemma":"azzurro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies montagne","gloss":"blue"},{"surface":"fosco","lemma":"fosco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies azzurro","gloss":"murky"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sole","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sole","lemma":"sole","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of calava","gloss":"sun"},{"surface":"calava","lemma":"calare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sank"},{"surface":"fra","lemma":"fra","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nuvole","gloss":"amid"},{"surface":"grandi","lemma":"grande","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies nuvole","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"immobili","lemma":"immobile","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"coordinated with grandi","gloss":"motionless"},{"surface":"nuvole","lemma":"nuvola","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of calava","gloss":"clouds"},{"surface":"rosse","lemma":"rosso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies nuvole","gloss":"red"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of parevano","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"parevano","lemma":"parere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"relative clause on nuvole","gloss":"looked like"},{"surface":"enormi","lemma":"enorme","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies rami","gloss":"enormous"},{"surface":"rami","lemma":"ramo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of parevano","gloss":"branches"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking corallo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"corallo","lemma":"corallo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies rami","gloss":"coral"}]},{"number":120,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p66-s4","source":"Il cielo era tutto nero e rosso; nel silenzio di quel tramonto pauroso i fiori già appassiti, le erbe impallidite dal caldo, si piegavano fino a terra; le pecore tosate si sbandavano stanche fra le macchie, il cane lottava e guaiva contro un nugolo di mosche, e il corvo saltellava e gracchiava melanconicamente.","translation":"The sky was all black and red; in the silence of that fearsome sunset the already wilted flowers, the grass pale from the heat, bent right down to the ground; the shorn sheep scattered wearily among the brush, the dog fought and whined against a cloud of flies, and the crow hopped about and cawed mournfully.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cielo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cielo","lemma":"cielo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of nero","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to nero","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"tutto","lemma":"tutto","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies nero","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"nero","lemma":"nero","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"rosso","lemma":"rosso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with nero","gloss":"red"},{"surface":"nel","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking silenzio","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"silenzio","lemma":"silenzio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of piegavano","gloss":"silence"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tramonto","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"quel","lemma":"quello","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tramonto","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"tramonto","lemma":"tramonto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies silenzio","gloss":"sunset"},{"surface":"pauroso","lemma":"pauroso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies tramonto","gloss":"fearsome"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of fiori","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fiori","lemma":"fiore","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies silenzio","gloss":"flowers"},{"surface":"già","lemma":"già","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies appassiti","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"appassiti","lemma":"appassire","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, plural","role":"clause modifying fiori","gloss":"wilted"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of erbe","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"erbe","lemma":"erba","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with silenzio","gloss":"grass"},{"surface":"impallidite","lemma":"impallidire","morphology":"verb, past, participle, feminine, plural","role":"clause modifying erbe","gloss":"gone pale"},{"surface":"dal","lemma":"da il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking caldo","gloss":"from the"},{"surface":"caldo","lemma":"caldo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"agent of impallidite","gloss":"heat"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"expletive with piegavano","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"piegavano","lemma":"piegare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"bent"},{"surface":"fino","lemma":"fino","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition marking terra","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase fino","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"terra","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of piegavano","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of pecore","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pecore","lemma":"pecora","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of sbandavano","gloss":"sheep"},{"surface":"tosate","lemma":"tosato","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies pecore","gloss":"shorn"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"expletive with sbandavano","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"sbandavano","lemma":"sbandarsi","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"scattered"},{"surface":"stanche","lemma":"stanco","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"complement of sbandavano","gloss":"weary"},{"surface":"fra","lemma":"fra","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking macchie","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of macchie","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"macchie","lemma":"macchia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of sbandavano","gloss":"brush"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cane","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cane","lemma":"cane","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of lottava","gloss":"dog"},{"surface":"lottava","lemma":"lottare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with sbandavano","gloss":"fought"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"guaiva","lemma":"guaire","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with lottava","gloss":"whined"},{"surface":"contro","lemma":"contro","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nugolo","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of nugolo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"nugolo","lemma":"nugolo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of lottava","gloss":"cloud"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mosche","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"mosche","lemma":"mosca","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies nugolo","gloss":"flies"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of corvo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"corvo","lemma":"corvo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of saltellava","gloss":"crow"},{"surface":"saltellava","lemma":"saltellare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with lottava","gloss":"hopped about"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gracchiava","lemma":"gracchiare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with saltellava","gloss":"cawed"},{"surface":"melanconicamente","lemma":"melanconicamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gracchiava","gloss":"mournfully"}]},{"number":121,"label":"67","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p67-s1","source":"Sidru partì, col suo fido bastone fra le mani; ma appena oltrepassò la tanca dei padroni si buttò a sedere sotto un albero e col bastone minacciò la macchietta lontana di Basile, che si dileguava nera sullo sfondo rosso della campagna.","translation":"Sidru set out, his faithful stick in his hands; but as soon as he passed beyond his masters' enclosure, he threw himself down to sit under a tree, and with his stick he shook a threat at the distant little figure of Basile, fading black against the red background of the countryside.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"tanca","title":"«Tanca» — a fenced pasture","body":"A Sardinian term for a large enclosed tract of land — pasture or farmland bounded by dry-stone walls or hedges — the basic unit of the island's traditional sheep-and-shepherd economy."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sidru","lemma":"Sidru","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of partì","gloss":"Sidru"},{"surface":"partì","lemma":"partire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"set out"},{"surface":"col","lemma":"con il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bastone","gloss":"with the"},{"surface":"suo","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on bastone","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"fido","lemma":"fido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies bastone","gloss":"faithful"},{"surface":"bastone","lemma":"bastone","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of partì","gloss":"stick"},{"surface":"fra","lemma":"fra","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mani","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of mani","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mani","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies bastone","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"appena","lemma":"appena","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies oltrepassò","gloss":"as soon as"},{"surface":"oltrepassò","lemma":"oltrepassare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on buttò","gloss":"passed beyond"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of tanca","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tanca","lemma":"tanca","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of oltrepassò","gloss":"enclosure","note":"Sardinian dialect word for a fenced-off pasture or field."},{"surface":"dei","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking padroni","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"padroni","lemma":"padrone","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies tanca","gloss":"masters"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"expletive with buttò","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"buttò","lemma":"buttare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"threw"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of sedere","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sedere","lemma":"sedere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of buttò","gloss":"sit"},{"surface":"sotto","lemma":"sotto","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking albero","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of albero","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"albero","lemma":"albero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sedere","gloss":"tree"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"col","lemma":"con il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bastone","gloss":"with the"},{"surface":"bastone","lemma":"bastone","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of minacciò","gloss":"stick"},{"surface":"minacciò","lemma":"minacciare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with buttò","gloss":"threatened"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of macchietta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"macchietta","lemma":"macchietta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of minacciò","gloss":"little figure"},{"surface":"lontana","lemma":"lontano","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies macchietta","gloss":"distant"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Basile","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Basile","lemma":"Basile","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies macchietta","gloss":"Basile"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of dileguava","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"expletive with dileguava","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"dileguava","lemma":"dileguarsi","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on macchietta","gloss":"was fading"},{"surface":"nera","lemma":"nero","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"complement of dileguava","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"sullo","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sfondo","gloss":"against the"},{"surface":"sfondo","lemma":"sfondo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of dileguava","gloss":"background"},{"surface":"rosso","lemma":"rosso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies sfondo","gloss":"red"},{"surface":"della","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking campagna","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"campagna","lemma":"campagna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies sfondo","gloss":"countryside"}]},{"number":122,"label":"68","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p68-s1","source":"— Cammina pure, — disse a voce alta, — va, va, va al diavolo.","translation":"— Walk on, then, — he said aloud, — go, go, go to the devil.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Cammina","lemma":"camminare","morphology":"verb, present, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the first exclamation","gloss":"walk on"},{"surface":"pure","lemma":"pure","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Cammina","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"disse","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"parenthetical verb of saying","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking voce","gloss":"in a"},{"surface":"voce","lemma":"voce","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of disse","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"alta","lemma":"alto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies voce","gloss":"loud"},{"surface":"va","lemma":"andare","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"first of three repeated imperatives","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"va","lemma":"andare","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"second of three repeated imperatives","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"va","lemma":"andare","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"third repeated imperative, governs diavolo","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking diavolo","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"diavolo","lemma":"diavolo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of va","gloss":"devil"}]},{"number":123,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p68-s2","source":"Non è certo Sidru Calìa che quest’oggi ti verrà dietro come un cane.","translation":"It certainly isn't Sidru Calìa who's going to follow you around like a dog today.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates è","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to Sidru","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"certo","lemma":"certo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies è","gloss":"certainly"},{"surface":"Sidru","lemma":"Sidru","morphology":"proper noun","role":"predicate complement of è","gloss":"Sidru"},{"surface":"Calìa","lemma":"Calìa","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Sidru","gloss":"Calìa"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of verrà","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"quest’","lemma":"questo","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of oggi","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"oggi","lemma":"oggi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies verrà","gloss":"today"},{"surface":"ti","lemma":"ti","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"indirect object of verrà","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"verrà","lemma":"venire","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on Sidru","gloss":"will come"},{"surface":"dietro","lemma":"dietro","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies verrà","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the comparison, modifying verrà","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cane","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"cane","lemma":"cane","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of come","gloss":"dog"}]},{"number":124,"label":"69","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p69-s1","source":"Stette circa mezz’ora seduto così sotto l’albero; il sole sparve, le nuvole rosse si spensero, si fecero nere, d’un nero terreo, simili a carboni spenti: una tristezza infinita gravò sulla pianura.","translation":"He sat like that under the tree for about half an hour; the sun vanished, the red clouds went out, turned black, an earthy black, like spent coals: an infinite sadness weighed down upon the plain.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Stette","lemma":"stare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stayed"},{"surface":"circa","lemma":"circa","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ora","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"mezz’","lemma":"mezzo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies ora","gloss":"half"},{"surface":"ora","lemma":"ora","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Stette","gloss":"hour"},{"surface":"seduto","lemma":"sedere","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"complement of Stette","gloss":"seated"},{"surface":"così","lemma":"così","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies seduto","gloss":"like that"},{"surface":"sotto","lemma":"sotto","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking albero","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of albero","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"albero","lemma":"albero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of seduto","gloss":"tree"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sole","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sole","lemma":"sole","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of sparve","gloss":"sun"},{"surface":"sparve","lemma":"sparire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"vanished"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of nuvole","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nuvole","lemma":"nuvola","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of spensero","gloss":"clouds"},{"surface":"rosse","lemma":"rosso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies nuvole","gloss":"red"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"expletive with spensero","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"spensero","lemma":"spegnersi","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went out"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"expletive with fecero","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"fecero","lemma":"farsi","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"parallel clause to spensero","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"nere","lemma":"nero","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"complement of fecero","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition introducing the appositive un nero terreo, describing nere","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of nero","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"nero","lemma":"nero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of fecero","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"terreo","lemma":"terreo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies nero","gloss":"earthy"},{"surface":"simili","lemma":"simile","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies nuvole","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking carboni","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"carboni","lemma":"carbone","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of simili","gloss":"coals"},{"surface":"spenti","lemma":"spento","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies carboni","gloss":"spent"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of tristezza","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"tristezza","lemma":"tristezza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of gravò","gloss":"sadness"},{"surface":"infinita","lemma":"infinito","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies tristezza","gloss":"infinite"},{"surface":"gravò","lemma":"gravare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"weighed down"},{"surface":"sulla","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pianura","gloss":"upon the"},{"surface":"pianura","lemma":"pianura","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of gravò","gloss":"plain"}]},{"number":125,"label":"70","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p70-s1","source":"Il vecchio scuoteva la testa e minacciava col bastone: ad un tratto si alzò e si avviò.","translation":"The old man shook his head and shook his stick in threat: suddenly he got up and set off.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vecchio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vecchio","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of scuoteva","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"scuoteva","lemma":"scuotere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"shook"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of testa","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"testa","lemma":"testa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of scuoteva","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"minacciava","lemma":"minacciare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with scuoteva","gloss":"threatened"},{"surface":"col","lemma":"con il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bastone","gloss":"with the"},{"surface":"bastone","lemma":"bastone","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of minacciava","gloss":"stick"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tratto","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tratto","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tratto","lemma":"tratto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of alzò","gloss":"moment","note":"Idiom: 'ad un tratto' means 'suddenly'."},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"reflexive particle of alzò","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"alzò","lemma":"alzarsi","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"got up"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"expletive with avviò","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"avviò","lemma":"avviarsi","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with alzò","gloss":"set off"}]},{"number":126,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p70-s2","source":"Non sapeva perchè, ma un’inquietudine profonda lo agitava; gli era parso di udire il grido di una civetta; ricordava la morte della povera Annicca, la madre di Basile, e pensava:","translation":"He didn't know why, but a deep uneasiness stirred him; he thought he had heard the cry of an owl; he remembered the death of poor Annicca, Basile's mother, and thought:","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sapeva","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"sapeva","lemma":"sapere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"perchè","lemma":"perché","morphology":"interrogative adverb","role":"introduces the indirect-question complement of sapeva","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"un’","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of inquietudine","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"inquietudine","lemma":"inquietudine","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of agitava","gloss":"uneasiness"},{"surface":"profonda","lemma":"profondo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies inquietudine","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of agitava","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"agitava","lemma":"agitare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the ma-clause","gloss":"stirred"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"gli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of parso","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of parso","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"parso","lemma":"parere","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the clause","gloss":"seemed","note":"lemma corrected: parso is a past participle of parere (\"to seem\"), not the invalid verb pargere."},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of udire","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"udire","lemma":"udire","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of parso","gloss":"hear"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of grido","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"grido","lemma":"grido","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of udire","gloss":"cry"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking civetta","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of civetta","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"civetta","lemma":"civetta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of grido","gloss":"owl"},{"surface":"ricordava","lemma":"ricordare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"remembered"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of morte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"morte","lemma":"morte","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of ricordava","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"della","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Annicca","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"povera","lemma":"povero","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies Annicca","gloss":"poor"},{"surface":"Annicca","lemma":"Annicca","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of morte","gloss":"Annicca"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of madre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"madre","lemma":"madre","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to Annicca","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Basile","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Basile","lemma":"Basile","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies madre","gloss":"Basile"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"pensava","lemma":"pensare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with ricordava","gloss":"thought"}]},{"number":127,"label":"71","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p71-s1","source":"— L’ho veduta nascere e morire, povero fiorellino; e al suo bambino, al povero Basile, ho sempre voluto bene come ad una mia creatura.","translation":"— I saw her born and I saw her die, poor little flower; and her child, poor Basile, I have always loved as if he were my own.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"L’","lemma":"la","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of veduta","gloss":"her","note":"lemma corrected to la (feminine clitic \"her\"), elided before the vowel of ho."},{"surface":"ho","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of veduta","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"veduta","lemma":"vedere","morphology":"verb, past, participle, feminine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seen"},{"surface":"nascere","lemma":"nascere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of veduta","gloss":"be born"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"morire","lemma":"morire","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with nascere","gloss":"die"},{"surface":"povero","lemma":"povero","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies fiorellino","gloss":"poor"},{"surface":"fiorellino","lemma":"fiorellino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to L’","gloss":"little flower"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bambino","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"suo","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on bambino","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"bambino","lemma":"bambino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of voluto","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Basile","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"povero","lemma":"povero","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Basile","gloss":"poor"},{"surface":"Basile","lemma":"Basile","morphology":"proper noun","role":"in apposition to bambino","gloss":"Basile"},{"surface":"ho","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of voluto","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"sempre","lemma":"sempre","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies voluto","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"voluto","lemma":"volere","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"loved","note":"voluto bene (a) is the fixed idiom \"to love/be fond of\"; voluto carries the main sense here."},{"surface":"bene","lemma":"bene","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies voluto","gloss":"well","note":"part of the fixed phrase voler bene a = to love, be fond of."},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the comparison with creatura","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase come","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of creatura","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"mia","lemma":"mio","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"depends on creatura","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"creatura","lemma":"creatura","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of voluto","gloss":"creature"}]},{"number":128,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p71-s2","source":"Perchè oggi l’ho abbandonato?","translation":"Why did I abandon him today?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Perchè","lemma":"perché","morphology":"interrogative adverb","role":"modifies abbandonato","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"oggi","lemma":"oggi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies abbandonato","gloss":"today"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of abbandonato","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ho","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of abbandonato","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"abbandonato","lemma":"abbandonare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"abandoned"}]},{"number":129,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p71-s3","source":"Dopo tutto, siamo giusti, gli Ara mi vogliono bene, e mi tengono al loro servizio benchè io non sia più buono a far niente.","translation":"After all, let's be fair, the Aras are fond of me, and they keep me in their service even though I'm no longer good for anything.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"benchè... non sia","title":"Congiuntivo after a concessive","body":"«Benchè» ('although') is a concessive conjunction that always takes the subjunctive: «non sia più buono», not «non è». The clause it introduces states a conceded fact, not an assertion of the speaker's own."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dopo","lemma":"dopo","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tutto","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"tutto","lemma":"tutto","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"object of Dopo","gloss":"all","note":"dopo tutto = \"after all\"."},{"surface":"siamo","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"copula linking to giusti","gloss":"let's be"},{"surface":"giusti","lemma":"giusto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"predicate complement of siamo","gloss":"fair","note":"giusti is the adjective \"fair/just\", not a verb participle."},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of Ara","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Ara","lemma":"Ara","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of vogliono","gloss":"Aras"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"indirect object of vogliono","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"vogliono","lemma":"volere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"are fond of","note":"vogliono bene = are fond of / love."},{"surface":"bene","lemma":"bene","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vogliono","gloss":"well","note":"part of the fixed phrase voler bene = to be fond of."},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of tengono","gloss":"me","note":"corrected: mi is the direct object of tengono (\"they keep me\"), not an expletive."},{"surface":"tengono","lemma":"tenere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with vogliono","gloss":"keep"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking servizio","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"loro","lemma":"loro","morphology":"determiner","role":"depends on servizio","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"servizio","lemma":"servizio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of tengono","gloss":"service"},{"surface":"benchè","lemma":"benché","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of buono","gloss":"although"},{"surface":"io","lemma":"io","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of buono","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sia buono","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"sia","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, subjunctive, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to buono","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"più","lemma":"più","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies buono","gloss":"any longer"},{"surface":"buono","lemma":"buono","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of sia","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of far","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"far","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of buono","gloss":"doing"},{"surface":"niente","lemma":"niente","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of far","gloss":"anything"}]},{"number":130,"label":"72","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p72-s1","source":"Intanto affrettava il passo, ma per quanto camminasse rapidamente non sperava più di raggiungere il piccolo padrone.","translation":"Meanwhile he quickened his pace, but however fast he walked he no longer hoped to catch up with his little master.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Intanto","lemma":"intanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies affrettava","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"affrettava","lemma":"affrettare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"quickened"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of passo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"passo","lemma":"passo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of affrettava","gloss":"pace"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the concessive phrase per quanto","gloss":"however"},{"surface":"quanto","lemma":"quanto","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of camminasse","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"camminasse","lemma":"camminare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the concessive clause modifying sperava","gloss":"walked"},{"surface":"rapidamente","lemma":"rapidamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies camminasse","gloss":"fast"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sperava","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"sperava","lemma":"sperare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"hoped","note":"corrected: sperava is the main verb; camminasse (concessive clause) does not take a clausal complement."},{"surface":"più","lemma":"più","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sperava","gloss":"any longer"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of raggiungere","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"raggiungere","lemma":"raggiungere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of sperava","gloss":"catch up with"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of padrone","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"piccolo","lemma":"piccolo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies padrone","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"padrone","lemma":"padrone","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of raggiungere","gloss":"master"}]},{"number":131,"label":"73","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p73-s1","source":"La sera calava, triste e fosca; circa a metà strada, Sidru doveva attraversare un sentiero, incassato fra due muriccie coperte di siepi.","translation":"Evening was falling, sad and murky; about halfway along, Sidru had to cross a path, sunk between two low stone walls covered with hedges.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sera","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sera","lemma":"sera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of calava","gloss":"evening"},{"surface":"calava","lemma":"calare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was falling"},{"surface":"triste","lemma":"triste","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"secondary predicate on sera","gloss":"sad"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fosca","lemma":"fosco","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"secondary predicate on sera","gloss":"murky"},{"surface":"circa","lemma":"circa","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies a metà strada","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase circa","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"metà","lemma":"metà","morphology":"noun, feminine","role":"oblique complement of attraversare","gloss":"half"},{"surface":"strada","lemma":"strada","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"compound with metà","gloss":"road"},{"surface":"Sidru","lemma":"Sidru","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of attraversare","gloss":"Sidru"},{"surface":"doveva","lemma":"dovere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of attraversare","gloss":"had to"},{"surface":"attraversare","lemma":"attraversare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"cross"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sentiero","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sentiero","lemma":"sentiero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of attraversare","gloss":"path"},{"surface":"incassato","lemma":"incassare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying sentiero","gloss":"sunk"},{"surface":"fra","lemma":"fra","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking muriccie","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"due","lemma":"due","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies muriccie","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"muriccie","lemma":"muriccia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of incassato","gloss":"low walls","note":"lemma corrected to the singular muriccia."},{"surface":"coperte","lemma":"coperto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies muriccie","gloss":"covered"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking siepi","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"siepi","lemma":"siepe","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of coperte","gloss":"hedges"}]},{"number":132,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p73-s2","source":"Benchè fosse quasi buio, passando lungo il sentiero il servo s’accorse che in una delle siepi era stato praticato un varco, e che alcune pietre erano cadute dal muro; evidentemente un uomo doveva essere stato in agguato dietro la siepe.","translation":"Though it was nearly dark, as he passed along the path the servant noticed that a gap had been cut into one of the hedges, and that some stones had fallen from the wall; evidently a man must have lain in ambush behind the hedge.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Benchè","lemma":"benché","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of buio","gloss":"although"},{"surface":"fosse","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to buio","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"quasi","lemma":"quasi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies buio","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"buio","lemma":"buio","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of fosse","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"passando","lemma":"passare","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on accorse","gloss":"passing"},{"surface":"lungo","lemma":"lungo","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sentiero","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sentiero","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sentiero","lemma":"sentiero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of passando","gloss":"path"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of servo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"servo","lemma":"servo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of accorse","gloss":"servant","note":"corrected: servo is the subject of s'accorse, not the object of passando."},{"surface":"s’","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive clitic of accorse","gloss":"himself","note":"accorgersi (\"to notice\") is an inherently reflexive verb; si has no independent meaning here."},{"surface":"accorse","lemma":"accorgersi","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"noticed","note":"lemma and morphology corrected: passato remoto third-person singular of accorgersi, not the invalid accorsere / second-person plural."},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of praticato","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking una","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of praticato","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"delle","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking siepi","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"siepi","lemma":"siepe","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies una","gloss":"hedges"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of praticato","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"stato","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"passive auxiliary of praticato","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"praticato","lemma":"praticare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"verb of the che-clause, complement of accorse","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of varco","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"varco","lemma":"varco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of passive praticato","gloss":"gap"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of cadute","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"alcune","lemma":"alcuno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of pietre","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"pietre","lemma":"pietra","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of cadute","gloss":"stones"},{"surface":"erano","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of cadute","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"cadute","lemma":"cadere","morphology":"verb, past, participle, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with praticato","gloss":"fallen","note":"lemma corrected to the infinitive cadere."},{"surface":"dal","lemma":"da il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking muro","gloss":"from the"},{"surface":"muro","lemma":"muro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"source complement of cadute","gloss":"wall","note":"corrected: dal muro marks origin (\"fell from\"), not a passive agent (cadere is intransitive)."},{"surface":"evidentemente","lemma":"evidentemente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the clause doveva essere stato in agguato","gloss":"evidently"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of uomo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"uomo","lemma":"uomo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of doveva","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"doveva","lemma":"dovere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"essere","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of stato","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"stato","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"copula linking to agguato","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking agguato","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"agguato","lemma":"agguato","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of stato","gloss":"ambush"},{"surface":"dietro","lemma":"dietro","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking siepe","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of siepe","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"siepe","lemma":"siepe","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies agguato","gloss":"hedge"}]},{"number":133,"label":"74","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p74-s1","source":"Il vecchio servo si mise a correre: un sudore ghiacciato gli inumidì la fronte.","translation":"The old servant broke into a run: an icy sweat dampened his forehead.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of servo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vecchio","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies servo","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"servo","lemma":"servo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of mise","gloss":"servant"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive clitic of mise","gloss":"himself","note":"mettersi a = to set oneself to (doing), i.e. to start."},{"surface":"mise","lemma":"mettere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of correre","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"correre","lemma":"correre","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of mise","gloss":"running"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sudore","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"sudore","lemma":"sudore","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of inumidì","gloss":"sweat","note":"corrected: sudore is the subject of inumidì, not a modifier of it."},{"surface":"ghiacciato","lemma":"ghiacciato","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies sudore","gloss":"icy"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"gli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of inumidì","gloss":"his","note":"corrected: gli is the indirect-object clitic (\"to him\") giving the possessive sense \"his forehead\", not a determiner."},{"surface":"inumidì","lemma":"inumidire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"dampened","note":"lemma and morphology corrected: this is the passato remoto of inumidire, not a noun."},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of fronte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fronte","lemma":"fronte","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of inumidì","gloss":"forehead"}]},{"number":134,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p74-s2","source":"Attraversò il sentiero, attraversò un’altra tanca e un’altra tanca ancora.","translation":"He crossed the path, crossed another enclosure, and yet another.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Attraversò","lemma":"attraversare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"crossed","note":"lemma corrected to the infinitive; morphology corrected to passato remoto (not present tense)."},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sentiero","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sentiero","lemma":"sentiero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of Attraversò","gloss":"path"},{"surface":"attraversò","lemma":"attraversare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with Attraversò","gloss":"crossed","note":"morphology corrected to passato remoto (not present tense)."},{"surface":"un’","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of tanca","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"altra","lemma":"altro","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies tanca","gloss":"other","note":"corrected: altra is an adjective modifying the noun tanca, not itself the direct object."},{"surface":"tanca","lemma":"tanca","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of attraversò","gloss":"enclosure","note":"lemma corrected: tanca is a Sardinian regional noun for a fenced pasture, not a verb."},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"un’","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of tanca","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"altra","lemma":"altro","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies tanca","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"tanca","lemma":"tanca","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with tanca (elliptical object of a second attraversò)","gloss":"enclosure"},{"surface":"ancora","lemma":"ancora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tanca","gloss":"yet"}]},{"number":135,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p74-s3","source":"Già in lontananza, al chiarore della luna piena che appariva fra due nuvole, si scorgeva il campanile del villaggio.","translation":"Already in the distance, by the light of the full moon appearing between two clouds, the village bell tower could be made out.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Già","lemma":"già","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies scorgeva","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lontananza","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"lontananza","lemma":"lontananza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of scorgeva","gloss":"distance"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking chiarore","gloss":"by the"},{"surface":"chiarore","lemma":"chiarore","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of scorgeva","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"della","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking luna","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"luna","lemma":"luna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies chiarore","gloss":"moon"},{"surface":"piena","lemma":"pieno","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies luna","gloss":"full"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of appariva","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"appariva","lemma":"apparire","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on luna","gloss":"was appearing"},{"surface":"fra","lemma":"fra","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nuvole","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"due","lemma":"due","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies nuvole","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"nuvole","lemma":"nuvola","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of appariva","gloss":"clouds"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, passive marker","role":"passive si of scorgeva","gloss":"could be","note":"impersonal/passive si construction: si scorgeva = \"could be made out\"."},{"surface":"scorgeva","lemma":"scorgere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"made out"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of campanile","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"campanile","lemma":"campanile","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of scorgeva","gloss":"bell tower","note":"corrected: in the passive si construction, campanile is the grammatical subject, not a direct object."},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking villaggio","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"villaggio","lemma":"villaggio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies campanile","gloss":"village"}]},{"number":136,"label":"75","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p75-s1","source":"Senza speranza di ottener risposta, ma spinto da un impulso misterioso, Sidru accostò le mani alla bocca e cominciò a chiamare:","translation":"Without hope of getting an answer, but driven by some mysterious impulse, Sidru cupped his hands to his mouth and began to call:","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Senza","lemma":"senza","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking speranza","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"speranza","lemma":"speranza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of senza","gloss":"hope"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of ottener","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ottener","lemma":"ottenere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying speranza","gloss":"getting","note":"Apocopated literary form of ottenere before a consonant."},{"surface":"risposta","lemma":"risposta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of ottener","gloss":"an answer"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"spinto","lemma":"spingere","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"participial clause modifying Sidru, coordinated with the senza speranza clause","gloss":"driven"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking impulso","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of impulso","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"impulso","lemma":"impulso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of da, agent of spinto","gloss":"impulse"},{"surface":"misterioso","lemma":"misterioso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies impulso","gloss":"mysterious"},{"surface":"Sidru","lemma":"Sidru","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of accostò","gloss":"Sidru"},{"surface":"accostò","lemma":"accostare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"cupped"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of mani","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mani","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of accostò","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bocca","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"bocca","lemma":"bocca","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of accostò","gloss":"mouth"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"cominciò","lemma":"cominciare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with accostò","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of chiamare","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"chiamare","lemma":"chiamare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of cominciò","gloss":"call"}]},{"number":137,"label":"76","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p76-s1","source":"— Basile!","translation":"— Basile!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Basile","lemma":"Basile","morphology":"proper noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Basile"}]},{"number":138,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p76-s2","source":"Basile!","translation":"Basile!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Basile","lemma":"Basile","morphology":"proper noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Basile"}]},{"number":139,"label":"77","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p77-s1","source":"Una voce rispose.","translation":"A voice answered.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of voce","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"voce","lemma":"voce","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of rispose","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"rispose","lemma":"rispondere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"answered"}]},{"number":140,"label":"78","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p78-s1","source":"Allora il vecchio riprese la corsa affannosa: dopo un momento, nel silenzio intenso che lo circondava, oltre il rumore dei suoi passi e il soffio ansante del suo respiro, egli udì un lamento forzato, come il pianto d’un bimbo che esagera il suo dolore.","translation":"Then the old man resumed his breathless run: after a moment, in the intense silence surrounding him, beyond the sound of his own footsteps and the panting breath of his own breathing, he heard a strained wail, like the crying of a child exaggerating his own pain.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Allora","lemma":"allora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies riprese","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vecchio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vecchio","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of riprese","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"riprese","lemma":"riprendere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"resumed"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of corsa","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"corsa","lemma":"corsa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of riprese","gloss":"run"},{"surface":"affannosa","lemma":"affannoso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies corsa","gloss":"breathless"},{"surface":"dopo","lemma":"dopo","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking momento","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of momento","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"momento","lemma":"momento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of udì","gloss":"moment"},{"surface":"nel","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking silenzio","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"silenzio","lemma":"silenzio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of udì","gloss":"silence"},{"surface":"intenso","lemma":"intenso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies silenzio","gloss":"intense"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of circondava","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of circondava","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"circondava","lemma":"circondare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on silenzio","gloss":"was surrounding"},{"surface":"oltre","lemma":"oltre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rumore","gloss":"beyond"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of rumore","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"rumore","lemma":"rumore","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of oltre, adjunct of udì","gloss":"sound"},{"surface":"dei","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking passi","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"suoi","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"depends on passi","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"passi","lemma":"passo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies rumore","gloss":"footsteps"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of soffio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"soffio","lemma":"soffio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with rumore","gloss":"breath"},{"surface":"ansante","lemma":"ansante","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies soffio","gloss":"panting"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking respiro","gloss":"of his"},{"surface":"suo","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on respiro","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"respiro","lemma":"respiro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies soffio","gloss":"breathing"},{"surface":"egli","lemma":"egli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of udì","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"udì","lemma":"udire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of lamento","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"lamento","lemma":"lamento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of udì","gloss":"wail"},{"surface":"forzato","lemma":"forzato","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies lamento","gloss":"strained"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pianto","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pianto","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pianto","lemma":"pianto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies lamento (comparison)","gloss":"crying"},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bimbo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of bimbo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bimbo","lemma":"bimbo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies pianto","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of esagera","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"esagera","lemma":"esagerare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on bimbo","gloss":"exaggerates"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of dolore","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"suo","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on dolore","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"dolore","lemma":"dolore","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of esagera","gloss":"pain"}]},{"number":141,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p78-s2","source":"E subito vide Basilio, o meglio Basilio vide lui e gli corse incontro e gli si gettò addosso.","translation":"And at once he saw Basilio, or rather Basilio saw him and ran to meet him and threw himself upon him.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"E","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"subito","lemma":"subito","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vide","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"vide","lemma":"vedere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"Basilio","lemma":"Basilio","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of vide","gloss":"Basilio"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"meglio","lemma":"meglio","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the second vide (o meglio = \"or rather\")","gloss":"rather"},{"surface":"Basilio","lemma":"Basilio","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of the second vide","gloss":"Basilio"},{"surface":"vide","lemma":"vedere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with the first vide","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"lui","lemma":"lui","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of the second vide","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"gli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of corse","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"corse","lemma":"correre","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with the second vide","gloss":"ran"},{"surface":"incontro","lemma":"incontro","morphology":"adverb","role":"compound with corse (corse incontro = \"ran to meet\")","gloss":"to meet"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"gli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of gettò (onto him)","gloss":"onto him"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive pronoun of gettò","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"gettò","lemma":"gettare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with the second vide","gloss":"threw"},{"surface":"addosso","lemma":"addosso","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gettò","gloss":"upon"}]},{"number":142,"label":"79","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p79-s1","source":"Sidru lo strinse al suo petto ansante, e gli domandò senz’altro:","translation":"Sidru clasped him to his heaving chest, and asked him at once:","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sidru","lemma":"Sidru","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of strinse","gloss":"Sidru"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of strinse","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"strinse","lemma":"stringere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"clasped"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking petto","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"suo","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on petto","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"petto","lemma":"petto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of strinse","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"ansante","lemma":"ansante","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies petto","gloss":"heaving"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"gli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of domandò","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"domandò","lemma":"domandare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with strinse","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"senz’","lemma":"senza","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking altro","gloss":"without","note":"Idiom \"senz'altro\" means \"right away, of course,\" not literally \"without anything else.\""},{"surface":"altro","lemma":"altro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of domandò","gloss":"further"}]},{"number":143,"label":"80","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p80-s1","source":"— Non ti hanno fatto del male, no?","translation":"— They haven't hurt you, have they?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fatto","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ti","lemma":"ti","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of fatto","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"hanno","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of fatto","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"fatto","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"done"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking male","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"male","lemma":"male","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of fatto","gloss":"harm"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"interjection","role":"tag question on fatto","gloss":"no"}]},{"number":144,"label":"81","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p81-s1","source":"— Sì, — piagnucolò il fanciullo, — mi ha gettato per terra, là, nel sentiero: voleva battermi perchè mi tenevo aggrappato alla sella….","translation":"— Yes, — the boy whimpered, — he threw me to the ground, there, on the path: he wanted to beat me because I was clinging to the saddle….","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sì","lemma":"sì","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"piagnucolò","lemma":"piagnucolare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"whimpered"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of fanciullo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fanciullo","lemma":"fanciullo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of piagnucolò","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of gettato","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of gettato","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"gettato","lemma":"gettare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the quoted clause","gloss":"thrown"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking terra","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"terra","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of gettato","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"là","lemma":"là","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gettato","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"nel","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sentiero","gloss":"on the"},{"surface":"sentiero","lemma":"sentiero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of gettato","gloss":"path"},{"surface":"voleva","lemma":"volere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of battermi","gloss":"wanted"},{"surface":"battermi","lemma":"battere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence, with attached clitic mi","gloss":"beat me"},{"surface":"perchè","lemma":"perché","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tenevo","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"reflexive pronoun of tenevo","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"tenevo","lemma":"tenere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause, with predicate aggrappato","gloss":"kept"},{"surface":"aggrappato","lemma":"aggrappare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of tenevo (mi tenevo aggrappato = \"I was clinging\")","gloss":"clinging"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sella","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"sella","lemma":"sella","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of aggrappato","gloss":"saddle"}]},{"number":145,"label":"82","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p82-s1","source":"— Signore Iddio, Signore Iddio, — cominciò a gemere il vecchio, — dimmi tutto, e intanto corriamo, non perdiamo tempo, andiamo dal brigadiere.","translation":"— Lord God, Lord God, — the old man began to moan, — tell me everything, and meanwhile let's run, let's not waste time, let's go to the police sergeant.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Signore","lemma":"signore","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"vocative exclamation","gloss":"Lord"},{"surface":"Iddio","lemma":"Iddio","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies Signore","gloss":"God"},{"surface":"Signore","lemma":"signore","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"repeated vocative exclamation","gloss":"Lord"},{"surface":"Iddio","lemma":"Iddio","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies the second Signore","gloss":"God"},{"surface":"cominciò","lemma":"cominciare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of gemere","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"gemere","lemma":"gemere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of cominciò","gloss":"moan"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vecchio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vecchio","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of cominciò","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"dimmi","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular, with attached clitic mi","role":"main verb of the imperative clause","gloss":"tell me"},{"surface":"tutto","lemma":"tutto","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of dimmi","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"intanto","lemma":"intanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies corriamo","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"corriamo","lemma":"correre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural (cohortative)","role":"independent cohortative clause","gloss":"let's run"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies perdiamo","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"perdiamo","lemma":"perdere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural (cohortative)","role":"independent cohortative clause","gloss":"let's waste"},{"surface":"tempo","lemma":"tempo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of perdiamo","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"andiamo","lemma":"andare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural (cohortative)","role":"independent cohortative clause","gloss":"let's go"},{"surface":"dal","lemma":"da il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking brigadiere","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"brigadiere","lemma":"brigadiere","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of andiamo","gloss":"sergeant"}]},{"number":146,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p82-s2","source":"Ma quanti erano?","translation":"But how many were there?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"quanti","lemma":"quanto","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of erano","gloss":"how many"},{"surface":"erano","lemma":"essere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"were"}]},{"number":147,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p82-s3","source":"Non li hai riconosciuti?","translation":"Didn't you recognize them?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies riconosciuti","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"li","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of riconosciuti","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"hai","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of riconosciuti","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"riconosciuti","lemma":"riconoscere","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"recognized"}]},{"number":148,"label":"83","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p83-s1","source":"— Uno era, — disse Basilio, riprendendo coraggio, — aveva uno straccio sul viso: non ha parlato; mi ha spinto, poi è montato lui, sul mio cavallo, ed è scomparso, di là….","translation":"— There was one, — said Basilio, taking courage again, — he had a rag over his face: he didn't speak; he pushed me, then he got up himself, on my horse, and disappeared, that way….","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Uno","lemma":"uno","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of era","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause (existential \"there was\")","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"disse","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"parenthetical verb of saying","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"Basilio","lemma":"Basilio","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of disse","gloss":"Basilio"},{"surface":"riprendendo","lemma":"riprendere","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on disse","gloss":"taking"},{"surface":"coraggio","lemma":"coraggio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of riprendendo","gloss":"courage"},{"surface":"aveva","lemma":"avere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"uno","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of straccio","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"straccio","lemma":"straccio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of aveva","gloss":"rag"},{"surface":"sul","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking viso","gloss":"over the"},{"surface":"viso","lemma":"viso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies straccio","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies parlato","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of parlato","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"parlato","lemma":"parlare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"spoken"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of spinto","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of spinto","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"spinto","lemma":"spingere","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"pushed"},{"surface":"poi","lemma":"poi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies montato","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of montato","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"montato","lemma":"montare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with spinto","gloss":"mounted"},{"surface":"lui","lemma":"lui","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"emphatic subject of montato","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"sul","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cavallo","gloss":"on the"},{"surface":"mio","lemma":"mio","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on cavallo","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"cavallo","lemma":"cavallo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of montato","gloss":"horse"},{"surface":"ed","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of scomparso","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"scomparso","lemma":"scomparire","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with spinto","gloss":"disappeared"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking là","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"là","lemma":"là","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies scomparso","gloss":"there"}]},{"number":149,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p83-s2","source":"da quella parte, verso l’altro paese.","translation":"over there, toward the other village.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking parte","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"quella","lemma":"quello","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of parte","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"parte","lemma":"parte","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"direction"},{"surface":"verso","lemma":"verso","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking paese","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of paese","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"altro","lemma":"altro","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies paese","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"paese","lemma":"paese","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of verso","gloss":"village"}]},{"number":150,"label":"84","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p84-s1","source":"— Ma tu non lo hai riconosciuto?","translation":"— But you didn't recognize him?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of riconosciuto","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies riconosciuto","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of riconosciuto","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"hai","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of riconosciuto","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"riconosciuto","lemma":"riconoscere","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"recognized"}]},{"number":151,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p84-s2","source":"Era bassotto, vero, con la barba nera?","translation":"He was short, wasn't he, with a black beard?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to bassotto","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"bassotto","lemma":"bassotto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"short"},{"surface":"vero","lemma":"vero","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"tag-question particle","gloss":"right?"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking barba","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of barba","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"barba","lemma":"barba","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of con","gloss":"beard"},{"surface":"nera","lemma":"nero","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies barba","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":152,"label":"85","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p85-s1","source":"— Ti giuro che non l’ho riconosciuto, — gridò Basilio, arrabbiandosi.","translation":"— I swear to you I didn't recognize him, — Basilio shouted, growing angry.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ti","lemma":"ti","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"indirect object of giuro","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"giuro","lemma":"giurare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"swear"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of riconosciuto","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies riconosciuto","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of riconosciuto","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ho","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of riconosciuto","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"riconosciuto","lemma":"riconoscere","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of giuro","gloss":"recognized"},{"surface":"gridò","lemma":"gridare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with giuro","gloss":"shouted"},{"surface":"Basilio","lemma":"Basilio","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of gridò","gloss":"Basilio"},{"surface":"arrabbiandosi","lemma":"arrabbiarsi","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on gridò","gloss":"growing angry"}]},{"number":153,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p85-s2","source":"— Sì, era bassotto.","translation":"— Yes, he was short.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sì","lemma":"sì","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to bassotto","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"bassotto","lemma":"bassotto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"short"}]},{"number":154,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p85-s3","source":"Ora vado subito a denunziarlo, lo farò arrestare e condannare.","translation":"Now I'll go report him at once, I'll have him arrested and convicted.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ora","lemma":"ora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vado","gloss":"Now"},{"surface":"vado","lemma":"andare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I'll go"},{"surface":"subito","lemma":"subito","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vado","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of denunziarlo","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"denunziarlo","lemma":"denunziare lo","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of vado","gloss":"report him"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of farò","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"farò","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with vado","gloss":"I'll have"},{"surface":"arrestare","lemma":"arrestare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of farò","gloss":"arrested"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"condannare","lemma":"condannare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with arrestare","gloss":"convicted"}]},{"number":155,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p85-s4","source":"Ma tu, dov’eri?","translation":"But you, where were you?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of eri","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"dov’","lemma":"dove","morphology":"interrogative adverb","role":"modifies eri","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"eri","lemma":"essere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"were"}]},{"number":156,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p85-s5","source":"perchè non m’hai difeso?","translation":"why didn't you defend me?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"perchè","lemma":"perché","morphology":"interrogative adverb","role":"modifies difeso","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies difeso","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"m’","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of difeso","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"hai","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of difeso","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"difeso","lemma":"difendere","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"defended"}]},{"number":157,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p85-s6","source":"E allora perchè ti hanno mandato?","translation":"And then why did they send you?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"E","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"allora","lemma":"allora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mandato","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"perchè","lemma":"perché","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mandato","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"ti","lemma":"ti","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of mandato","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"hanno","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of mandato","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"mandato","lemma":"mandare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sent"}]},{"number":158,"label":"86","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p86-s1","source":"Il vecchio non rispose.","translation":"The old man did not answer.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vecchio","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"vecchio","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of rispose","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rispose","gloss":"did not"},{"surface":"rispose","lemma":"rispondere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"answer"}]},{"number":159,"label":"87","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p87-s1","source":"— Corriamo, — insistè Basile, — lo faremo raggiungere.","translation":"— Let's run, — Basile insisted, — we'll have him caught.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Corriamo","lemma":"correre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"let's run"},{"surface":"insistè","lemma":"insistere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"insisted"},{"surface":"Basile","lemma":"Basile","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of insistè","gloss":"Basile"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of faremo","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"faremo","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"we'll have"},{"surface":"raggiungere","lemma":"raggiungere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of faremo","gloss":"caught"}]},{"number":160,"label":"88","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p88-s1","source":"— Non dubitare, il re lo raggiungerà.","translation":"— Don't worry, the king will catch him.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dubitare","gloss":"Don't"},{"surface":"dubitare","lemma":"dubitare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"worry"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of re","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"re","lemma":"re","morphology":"noun, masculine","role":"subject of raggiungerà","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of raggiungerà","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"raggiungerà","lemma":"raggiungere","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will catch"}]},{"number":161,"label":"89","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p89-s1","source":"Basile continuò a parlare; la sua voce tremava, la sua mano stringeva la mano del vecchio: di tanto in tanto sussultava tutto e ricominciava a piangere come un bambino.","translation":"Basile went on talking; his voice trembled, his hand clutched the old man's hand: every so often his whole body would give a start and he would start crying again like a small child.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Basile","lemma":"Basile","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of continuò","gloss":"Basile"},{"surface":"continuò","lemma":"continuare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went on"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of parlare","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"parlare","lemma":"parlare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of continuò","gloss":"talking"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of voce","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sua","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"depends on voce","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"voce","lemma":"voce","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of tremava","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"tremava","lemma":"tremare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"trembled"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mano","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sua","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"depends on mano","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"mano","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of stringeva","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"stringeva","lemma":"stringere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with tremava","gloss":"clutched"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mano","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mano","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of stringeva","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vecchio","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"vecchio","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies mano","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tanto","gloss":"from","note":"Idiom \"di tanto in tanto\" = \"every so often / from time to time.\""},{"surface":"tanto","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sussultava","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tanto","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"tanto","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sussultava","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"sussultava","lemma":"sussultare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would start"},{"surface":"tutto","lemma":"tutto","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies sussultava","gloss":"all over"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ricominciava","lemma":"ricominciare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with sussultava","gloss":"would start again"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of piangere","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"piangere","lemma":"piangere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of ricominciava","gloss":"crying"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bambino","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of bambino","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bambino","lemma":"bambino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of piangere","gloss":"child"}]},{"number":162,"label":"90","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p90-s1","source":"— Oh, — pensava il vecchio, — mi pare di sognare.","translation":"— Oh, — the old man thought, — I feel as if I'm dreaming.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Oh","lemma":"oh","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"Oh"},{"surface":"pensava","lemma":"pensare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vecchio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vecchio","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of pensava","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"indirect object of pare","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"pare","lemma":"parere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with pensava","gloss":"seems"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of sognare","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sognare","lemma":"sognare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of pare","gloss":"be dreaming"}]},{"number":163,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p90-s2","source":"Io, io ho potuto tradire così i miei padroni?","translation":"I, could I really have betrayed my masters like this?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Io","lemma":"io","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of tradire","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"io","lemma":"io","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of tradire","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ho","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of tradire","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"potuto","lemma":"potere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"auxiliary of tradire","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"tradire","lemma":"tradire","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"betrayed"},{"surface":"così","lemma":"così","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tradire","gloss":"like this"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of padroni","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"miei","lemma":"mio","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"depends on padroni","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"padroni","lemma":"padrone","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of tradire","gloss":"masters"}]},{"number":164,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p90-s3","source":"Eppure sapevo....","translation":"And yet I knew….","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Eppure","lemma":"eppure","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"And yet"},{"surface":"sapevo","lemma":"sapere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I knew"}]},{"number":165,"label":"91","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p91-s1","source":"Arrivarono finalmente: trovarono la nonna sulla porta, circondata da quasi tutte le vicine.","translation":"At last they arrived: they found the grandmother at the door, surrounded by nearly all the neighbor women.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Arrivarono","lemma":"arrivare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"they arrived"},{"surface":"finalmente","lemma":"finalmente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Arrivarono","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"trovarono","lemma":"trovare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"they found"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of nonna","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nonna","lemma":"nonna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of trovarono","gloss":"grandmother"},{"surface":"sulla","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking porta","gloss":"at the"},{"surface":"porta","lemma":"porta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of trovarono","gloss":"door"},{"surface":"circondata","lemma":"circondare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, feminine, singular","role":"adverbial clause on trovarono","gloss":"surrounded"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vicine","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"quasi","lemma":"quasi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tutte","gloss":"nearly"},{"surface":"tutte","lemma":"tutto","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"depends on vicine","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of vicine","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vicine","lemma":"vicino","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"agent of circondata","gloss":"neighbor women"}]},{"number":166,"label":"92","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p92-s1","source":"— Ah, che paura, — disse la vecchia padrona.","translation":"— Ah, what a fright, — said the old mistress.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ah","lemma":"ah","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"Ah"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of paura","gloss":"what a"},{"surface":"paura","lemma":"paura","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"fright"},{"surface":"disse","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of padrona","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vecchia","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies padrona","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"padrona","lemma":"padrona","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"complement of disse","gloss":"mistress"}]},{"number":167,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p92-s2","source":"— Pochi minuti fa è arrivato il cavallo, solo, con la sella ma senza bisaccia.","translation":"— A few minutes ago the horse arrived, alone, with the saddle but without the saddlebag.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pochi","lemma":"poco","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of minuti","gloss":"a few"},{"surface":"minuti","lemma":"minuto","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of arrivato","gloss":"minutes"},{"surface":"fa","lemma":"fa","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies minuti","gloss":"ago"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of arrivato","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"arrivato","lemma":"arrivare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"arrived"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cavallo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cavallo","lemma":"cavallo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of arrivato","gloss":"horse"},{"surface":"solo","lemma":"solo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cavallo","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sella","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sella","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sella","lemma":"sella","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of arrivato","gloss":"saddle"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"senza","lemma":"senza","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bisaccia","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"bisaccia","lemma":"bisaccia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with sella","gloss":"saddlebag"}]},{"number":168,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p92-s3","source":"Che è avvenuto?","translation":"What happened?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of avvenuto","gloss":"What"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of avvenuto","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"avvenuto","lemma":"avvenire","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"happened"}]},{"number":169,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p92-s4","source":"Credevo che Basile fosse caduto da cavallo.","translation":"I thought Basile had fallen off the horse.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Credevo","lemma":"credere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I thought"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of caduto","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Basile","lemma":"Basile","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of caduto","gloss":"Basile"},{"surface":"fosse","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of caduto","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"caduto","lemma":"cadere","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of Credevo","gloss":"fallen"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cavallo","gloss":"off"},{"surface":"cavallo","lemma":"cavallo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of caduto","gloss":"horse"}]},{"number":170,"label":"93","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p93-s1","source":"— Fatemi il piacere, andatevene, — disse Sidru alle vicine.","translation":"— Do me the favor of going away, — Sidru said to the neighbor women.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Fatemi","lemma":"fare mi","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"do for me"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of piacere","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"piacere","lemma":"piacere","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of Fatemi","gloss":"favor"},{"surface":"andatevene","lemma":"andarsene","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, plural","role":"coordinated with Fatemi","gloss":"go away"},{"surface":"disse","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"parallel clause to Fatemi","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"Sidru","lemma":"Sidru","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of disse","gloss":"Sidru"},{"surface":"alle","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vicine","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"vicine","lemma":"vicino","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of disse","gloss":"neighbor women"}]},{"number":171,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p93-s2","source":"— Non è accaduto nulla: ci è soltanto scappato il cavallo.","translation":"— Nothing happened: the horse just got away from us.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies accaduto","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of accaduto","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"accaduto","lemma":"accadere","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"happened"},{"surface":"nulla","lemma":"nulla","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of accaduto","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"ci","lemma":"ci","morphology":"pronoun","role":"indirect object of scappato","gloss":"from us"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of scappato","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"soltanto","lemma":"soltanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies scappato","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"scappato","lemma":"scappare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"got away"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cavallo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cavallo","lemma":"cavallo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of scappato","gloss":"horse"}]},{"number":172,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p93-s3","source":"Via, — aggiunse, fingendo di scacciare le donne col bastone.","translation":"Off you go, — he added, pretending to shoo the women away with his stick.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Via","lemma":"via","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"Off you go"},{"surface":"aggiunse","lemma":"aggiungere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"he added"},{"surface":"fingendo","lemma":"fingere","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on aggiunse","gloss":"pretending"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of scacciare","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"scacciare","lemma":"scacciare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of fingendo","gloss":"shoo away"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of donne","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"donne","lemma":"donna","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of scacciare","gloss":"women"},{"surface":"col","lemma":"con il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bastone","gloss":"with the"},{"surface":"bastone","lemma":"bastone","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"instrument of scacciare","gloss":"stick"}]},{"number":173,"label":"94","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p94-s1","source":"— Ma la bisaccia?","translation":"— But the saddlebag?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of bisaccia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"bisaccia","lemma":"bisaccia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"saddlebag"}]},{"number":174,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p94-s2","source":"La bisaccia? — gridò la padrona.","translation":"The saddlebag? — the mistress cried.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of bisaccia","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"bisaccia","lemma":"bisaccia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"saddlebag"},{"surface":"gridò","lemma":"gridare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"cried"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of padrona","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"padrona","lemma":"padrona","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"complement of gridò","gloss":"mistress"}]},{"number":175,"label":"95","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p95-s1","source":"— Non aver paura, Pasqua Ara.","translation":"— Don't be afraid, Pasqua Ara.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies aver","gloss":"Don't"},{"surface":"aver","lemma":"avere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"paura","lemma":"paura","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of aver","gloss":"afraid"},{"surface":"Pasqua","lemma":"Pasqua","morphology":"proper noun","role":"vocative address","gloss":"Pasqua"},{"surface":"Ara","lemma":"Ara","morphology":"proper noun","role":"depends on Pasqua","gloss":"Ara"}]},{"number":176,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p95-s2","source":"La bisaccia è in salvo, così sia salva l’anima mia.","translation":"The saddlebag is safe, so may my own soul be saved.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of bisaccia","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"bisaccia","lemma":"bisaccia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of salvo","gloss":"saddlebag"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to salvo","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking salvo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"salvo","lemma":"salvo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"safe"},{"surface":"così","lemma":"così","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of salva","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"sia","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to salva","gloss":"may be"},{"surface":"salva","lemma":"salvo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with salvo","gloss":"saved"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of anima","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"anima","lemma":"anima","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of salva","gloss":"soul"},{"surface":"mia","lemma":"mio","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"depends on anima","gloss":"my"}]},{"number":177,"label":"96","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p96-s1","source":"Entrarono, chiusero la porta.","translation":"They went in, they shut the door.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Entrarono","lemma":"entrare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with chiusero","gloss":"They went in"},{"surface":"chiusero","lemma":"chiudere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"they shut"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of porta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"porta","lemma":"porta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of chiusero","gloss":"door"}]},{"number":178,"label":"97","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p97-s1","source":"— Senti, — disse il servo alla padrona, — Basile è stato derubato; io non ho fatto in tempo a soccorrerlo, m’era venuto male e m’ero sdraiato sotto un albero.","translation":"— Listen, — the servant said to the mistress, — Basile has been robbed; I didn't manage to get to him in time, I'd been taken ill and had lain down under a tree.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Senti","lemma":"sentire","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Listen"},{"surface":"disse","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with Senti","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of servo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"servo","lemma":"servo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of disse","gloss":"servant"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking padrona","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"padrona","lemma":"padrona","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of disse","gloss":"mistress"},{"surface":"Basile","lemma":"Basile","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of passive derubato","gloss":"Basile"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of derubato","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"stato","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"passive auxiliary of derubato","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"derubato","lemma":"derubare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"robbed"},{"surface":"io","lemma":"io","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of fatto","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fatto","gloss":"didn't"},{"surface":"ho","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of fatto","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"fatto","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"managed","note":"Idiom \"fare in tempo a\" = \"to manage in time to.\""},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tempo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"tempo","lemma":"tempo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of fatto","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of soccorrerlo","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"soccorrerlo","lemma":"soccorrere lo","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of fatto","gloss":"help him"},{"surface":"m’","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"indirect object of venuto","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of venuto","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"venuto","lemma":"venire","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"taken","note":"Idiom \"venire male a qualcuno\" = \"to feel ill / be taken ill.\""},{"surface":"male","lemma":"male","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies venuto","gloss":"ill"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"m’","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"reflexive pronoun of sdraiato","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"ero","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of sdraiato","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"sdraiato","lemma":"sdraiarsi","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with venuto","gloss":"lain down"},{"surface":"sotto","lemma":"sotto","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking albero","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of albero","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"albero","lemma":"albero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sdraiato","gloss":"tree"}]},{"number":179,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p97-s2","source":"Si vede che il ladro ha poi lasciato libero il cavallo, il quale ha ritrovato da sè la via ed è arrivato prima di noi.","translation":"It seems the thief then set the horse loose, and it found its own way home and got here before us.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, impersonal","role":"impersonal subject marker of vede","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"vede","lemma":"vedere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seems"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of lasciato","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of ladro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ladro","lemma":"ladro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of lasciato","gloss":"thief"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of lasciato","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"poi","lemma":"poi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lasciato","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"lasciato","lemma":"lasciare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the che clause, complement of vede","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"libero","lemma":"libero","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"complement of lasciato","gloss":"free"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cavallo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cavallo","lemma":"cavallo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of lasciato","gloss":"horse"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"article component of the relative pronoun il quale","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"quale","lemma":"quale","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"relative pronoun (with il), subject of ritrovato","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of ritrovato","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"ritrovato","lemma":"ritrovare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"relative clause on cavallo","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sè","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"sè","lemma":"sè","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of ritrovato","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of via","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"via","lemma":"via","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of ritrovato","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"ed","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of arrivato","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"arrivato","lemma":"arrivare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with ritrovato","gloss":"arrived"},{"surface":"prima","lemma":"prima","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies arrivato, part of the phrase prima di noi","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase prima di noi","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"noi","lemma":"noi","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"oblique complement of arrivato","gloss":"us"}]},{"number":180,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p97-s3","source":"lo ho un sospetto; se tu mi prometti di non chiacchierare, io forse scoprirò il ladro, e se lo scopro lo denunzio subito alla giustizia, sia pure il mio migliore amico.","translation":"I have a suspicion; if you promise me not to gossip, I may find out who the thief is, and if I do, I'll report him to the law at once, even if he were my own best friend.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sia pure","title":"«Sia pure» — concessive 'even if'","body":"«Sia pure il mio migliore amico» ('even if he were my best friend') uses the subjunctive «sia» plus the intensifying «pure» as a fixed concessive formula: 'granting that it may even be...'."}],"words":[{"surface":"lo","lemma":"io","morphology":"pronoun, first-person, singular","role":"subject of ho","gloss":"I","note":"Printed 'lo' here is the pronoun 'io' (I); an OCR/typesetting slip for the capital, not the object pronoun 'lo'."},{"surface":"ho","lemma":"avere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sospetto","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sospetto","lemma":"sospetto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of ho","gloss":"suspicion"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of prometti","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of prometti","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"indirect object of prometti","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"prometti","lemma":"promettere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the se clause, modifies scoprirò","gloss":"promise"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of chiacchierare","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies chiacchierare","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"chiacchierare","lemma":"chiacchierare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of prometti","gloss":"gossip"},{"surface":"io","lemma":"io","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of scoprirò","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"forse","lemma":"forse","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies scoprirò","gloss":"maybe"},{"surface":"scoprirò","lemma":"scoprire","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will find out"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of ladro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ladro","lemma":"ladro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of scoprirò","gloss":"thief"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of scopro","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of scopro","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"scopro","lemma":"scoprire","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the se clause, modifies denunzio","gloss":"discover"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of denunzio","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"denunzio","lemma":"denunziare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the apodosis clause","gloss":"report"},{"surface":"subito","lemma":"subito","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies denunzio","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking giustizia","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"giustizia","lemma":"giustizia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of denunzio","gloss":"law"},{"surface":"sia","lemma":"essere","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"concessive copula linking to amico","gloss":"were","note":"'sia pure' is a concessive idiom, 'even if he were.'"},{"surface":"pure","lemma":"pure","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the concessive phrase sia pure","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of amico","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mio","lemma":"mio","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on amico","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"migliore","lemma":"migliore","morphology":"adjective, singular, comparative","role":"modifies amico","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"amico","lemma":"amico","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of sia","gloss":"friend"}]},{"number":181,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p97-s4","source":"Te lo giuro sulla mia coscienza.","translation":"I swear it to you on my conscience.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, second-person, singular","role":"indirect object of giuro","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of giuro","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"giuro","lemma":"giurare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"swear"},{"surface":"sulla","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking coscienza","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"mia","lemma":"mio","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"depends on coscienza","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"coscienza","lemma":"coscienza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of giuro","gloss":"conscience"}]},{"number":182,"label":"98","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p98-s1","source":"La vecchia promise di non chiacchierare con le vicine e il servo uscì e s’avviò verso la casa dell’amica.","translation":"The old woman promised not to gossip with the neighbor women, and the servant went out and made his way toward his lady friend's house.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vecchia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vecchia","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of promise","gloss":"old woman"},{"surface":"promise","lemma":"promettere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"promised"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of chiacchierare","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies chiacchierare","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"chiacchierare","lemma":"chiacchierare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of promise","gloss":"gossip"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vicine","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of vicine","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vicine","lemma":"vicino","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of chiacchierare","gloss":"neighbor women"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of servo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"servo","lemma":"servo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of uscì","gloss":"servant"},{"surface":"uscì","lemma":"uscire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb, coordinated with promise","gloss":"went out"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"s’","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive marker of avviò","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"avviò","lemma":"avviare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with uscì","gloss":"made his way"},{"surface":"verso","lemma":"verso","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking casa","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of casa","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"casa","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of avviò","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"dell’","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking amica","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"amica","lemma":"amico","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies casa","gloss":"lady friend"}]},{"number":183,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p98-s2","source":"Ma invece di entrare s’appiattò dietro la muriccia del cortile e attese.","translation":"But instead of going in, he flattened himself behind the courtyard's low stone wall and waited.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"invece","lemma":"invece","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of entrare","gloss":"instead"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase invece","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"entrare","lemma":"entrare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on appiattò","gloss":"going in"},{"surface":"s’","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive marker of appiattò","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"appiattò","lemma":"appiattare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"flattened"},{"surface":"dietro","lemma":"dietro","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking muriccia","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of muriccia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"muriccia","lemma":"muriccia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"complement of dietro, modifies appiattò","gloss":"low wall"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cortile","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"cortile","lemma":"cortile","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies muriccia","gloss":"courtyard"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"attese","lemma":"attendere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with appiattò","gloss":"waited"}]},{"number":184,"label":"99","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p99-s1","source":"Il villaggio taceva, la notte era afosa; di tanto in tanto la luna appariva fra le nuvole e illuminava i tetti coperti di erba, le straducole polverose.","translation":"The village lay silent, the night was sultry; now and then the moon appeared between the clouds and lit up the grass-covered roofs, the dusty little streets.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of villaggio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"villaggio","lemma":"villaggio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of taceva","gloss":"village"},{"surface":"taceva","lemma":"tacere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lay silent"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of notte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"notte","lemma":"notte","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of era","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to afosa","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"afosa","lemma":"afosa","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of era","gloss":"sultry"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the adverbial phrase di tanto in tanto, modifies appariva","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"tanto","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the adverbial phrase di tanto in tanto, modifies appariva","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the adverbial phrase di tanto in tanto","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"tanto","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"oblique complement of appariva","gloss":"time","note":"'Di tanto in tanto' is idiomatic for 'now and then,' literally 'from time to time.'"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of luna","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"luna","lemma":"luna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of appariva","gloss":"moon"},{"surface":"appariva","lemma":"apparire","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"appeared"},{"surface":"fra","lemma":"fra","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nuvole","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of nuvole","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nuvole","lemma":"nuvola","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of appariva","gloss":"clouds"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"illuminava","lemma":"illuminare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with appariva","gloss":"lit up"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of tetti","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tetti","lemma":"tetto","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of illuminava","gloss":"roofs"},{"surface":"coperti","lemma":"coperto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies tetti","gloss":"covered"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking erba","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"erba","lemma":"erba","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of coperti","gloss":"grass"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of straducole","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"straducole","lemma":"straducola","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with tetti, direct object of illuminava","gloss":"little streets"},{"surface":"polverose","lemma":"polveroso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies straducole","gloss":"dusty"}]},{"number":185,"label":"100","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p100-s1","source":"Verso le dieci un uomo con un sacco sulle spalle si fermò davanti alla porta dell’amica di Sidru.","translation":"Around ten o'clock a man with a sack on his shoulders stopped in front of the door of Sidru's lady friend.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Verso","lemma":"verso","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dieci","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of dieci","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"dieci","lemma":"dieci","morphology":"numeral","role":"object of verso, denotes the hour","gloss":"ten"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of uomo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"uomo","lemma":"uomo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of fermò","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sacco","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sacco","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sacco","lemma":"sacco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies uomo","gloss":"sack"},{"surface":"sulle","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking spalle","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"spalle","lemma":"spalla","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"complement of sulle, modifies sacco","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive marker of fermò","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"fermò","lemma":"fermare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stopped"},{"surface":"davanti","lemma":"davanti","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking porta","gloss":"in front of"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"determiner of porta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"porta","lemma":"porta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of fermò","gloss":"door"},{"surface":"dell’","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking amica","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"amica","lemma":"amico","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies porta","gloss":"lady friend"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Sidru","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Sidru","lemma":"Sidru","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies amica","gloss":"Sidru"}]},{"number":186,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p100-s2","source":"Il vecchio servo riconobbe il figlio dell’amica e si sentì battere il cuore.","translation":"The old servant recognized his lady friend's son and felt his heart pound.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of servo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vecchio","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies servo","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"servo","lemma":"servo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of riconobbe","gloss":"servant"},{"surface":"riconobbe","lemma":"riconoscere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"recognized"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of figlio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"figlio","lemma":"figlio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of riconobbe","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"dell’","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking amica","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"amica","lemma":"amico","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies figlio","gloss":"lady friend"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive marker of sentì","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"sentì","lemma":"sentire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with riconobbe","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"battere","lemma":"battere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of sentì","gloss":"pound"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cuore","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"cuore","lemma":"cuore","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of battere","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":187,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p100-s3","source":"S’alzò e s’avvicinò anch’egli alla porta.","translation":"He got up and went over to the door himself.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"S’","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive marker of alzò","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"alzò","lemma":"alzare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"got up"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"s’","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive marker of avvicinò","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"avvicinò","lemma":"avvicinare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with alzò","gloss":"went over"},{"surface":"anch’","lemma":"anche","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies egli","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"egli","lemma":"egli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"emphasizes the subject of avvicinò","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking porta","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"porta","lemma":"porta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of avvicinò","gloss":"door"}]},{"number":188,"label":"101","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p101-s1","source":"— Buona notte, Testa di pietra; donde vieni?","translation":"— Good evening, Stone-head; where are you coming from?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Buona","lemma":"buono","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies notte","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"notte","lemma":"notte","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head noun of the greeting Buona notte","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"Testa","lemma":"testa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the nickname phrase, term of address","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pietra","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"pietra","lemma":"pietra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies Testa","gloss":"stone"},{"surface":"donde","lemma":"donde","morphology":"adverb, interrogative","role":"introduces the question, modifies vieni","gloss":"from where"},{"surface":"vieni","lemma":"venire","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the question, modified by donde","gloss":"come"}]},{"number":189,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p101-s2","source":"Che contiene quel sacco?","translation":"What's in that sack?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of contiene","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"contiene","lemma":"contenere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"contains"},{"surface":"quel","lemma":"quello","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sacco","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"sacco","lemma":"sacco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of contiene","gloss":"sack"}]},{"number":190,"label":"102","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p102-s1","source":"— Erba, — rispose l’altro.","translation":"— Grass, — the other answered.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Erba","lemma":"erba","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"quoted answer, complement of rispose","gloss":"grass"},{"surface":"rispose","lemma":"rispondere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of altro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"altro","lemma":"altro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of rispose","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":191,"label":"103","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p103-s1","source":"— Ah, erba? — riprese il vecchio con voce bassa ma un po’ anelante.","translation":"— Ah, grass? — the old man went on, in a low but somewhat breathless voice.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ah","lemma":"ah","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"erba","lemma":"erba","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"quoted phrase, complement of riprese","gloss":"grass"},{"surface":"riprese","lemma":"riprendere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went on"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vecchio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vecchio","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of riprese","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking voce","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"voce","lemma":"voce","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of con, modifies riprese","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"bassa","lemma":"basso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies voce","gloss":"low"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of po’","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"po’","lemma":"poco","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies anelante","gloss":"bit"},{"surface":"anelante","lemma":"anelante","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies voce, coordinated with bassa","gloss":"breathless"}]},{"number":192,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p103-s2","source":"— Mi sembra troppo pesante, per essere erba.","translation":"— It seems too heavy to me, to be grass.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"indirect object of sembra","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"sembra","lemma":"sembrare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seems"},{"surface":"troppo","lemma":"troppo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pesante","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"pesante","lemma":"pesante","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"complement of sembra","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of erba","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"essere","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"copula linking to erba","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"erba","lemma":"erba","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of essere","gloss":"grass"}]},{"number":193,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p103-s3","source":"Fammi toccare.","translation":"Let me feel it.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Fammi","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular (fused with clitic mi)","role":"main verb of the sentence (causative), governs toccare","gloss":"let me"},{"surface":"toccare","lemma":"toccare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of Fammi","gloss":"touch"}]},{"number":194,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p103-s4","source":"È duro: qui dentro c’è una bisaccia colma: la bisaccia che hai rubato al mio padrone.","translation":"It's hard: there's a full saddlebag in here: the saddlebag you stole from my master.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"È","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to duro","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"duro","lemma":"duro","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of È","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies è","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"dentro","lemma":"dentro","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies è","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"c’","lemma":"ci","morphology":"pronoun, locative","role":"expletive with è","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of bisaccia","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bisaccia","lemma":"bisaccia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of è","gloss":"saddlebag"},{"surface":"colma","lemma":"colmo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies bisaccia","gloss":"full"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of bisaccia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"bisaccia","lemma":"bisaccia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the appositive noun phrase, resumes bisaccia","gloss":"saddlebag"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of rubato","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hai","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of rubato","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"rubato","lemma":"rubare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"relative clause on bisaccia","gloss":"stolen"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking padrone","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"mio","lemma":"mio","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on padrone","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"padrone","lemma":"padrone","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of rubato","gloss":"master"}]},{"number":195,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p103-s5","source":"Senti, sei stato ben vile; lo hai derubato perchè sapevi che era solo.","translation":"Listen, you were a real coward; you robbed him because you knew he was alone.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Senti","lemma":"sentire","morphology":"verb, present, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the first clause","gloss":"listen"},{"surface":"sei","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of stato","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"stato","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"copula linking to vile","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"ben","lemma":"bene","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vile","gloss":"really"},{"surface":"vile","lemma":"vile","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate adjective with stato","gloss":"cowardly"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of derubato","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"hai","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of derubato","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"derubato","lemma":"derubare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"robbed"},{"surface":"perchè","lemma":"perché","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sapevi","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"sapevi","lemma":"sapere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on derubato","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of era","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to solo","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"solo","lemma":"solo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of era","gloss":"alone"}]},{"number":196,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p103-s6","source":"Ma i carabinieri ti cercano.","translation":"But the carabinieri are looking for you.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of carabinieri","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"carabinieri","lemma":"carabiniere","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of cercano","gloss":"carabinieri"},{"surface":"ti","lemma":"ti","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of cercano","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"cercano","lemma":"cercare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"are looking for"}]},{"number":197,"label":"104","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p104-s1","source":"Mentre egli parlava, Testa di pietra aveva deposto il sacco per terra: era un giovinotto basso, bruno, con una corta barba nera e il naso rincagnato: pareva un negro.","translation":"While he spoke, Stone-head had set the sack down on the ground: he was a short young man, dark, with a short black beard and a flattened nose: he looked as dark-skinned as a Moor.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Mentre","lemma":"mentre","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of parlava","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"egli","lemma":"egli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of parlava","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"parlava","lemma":"parlare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on deposto","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"Testa","lemma":"Testa","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of deposto","gloss":"Head"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pietra","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"pietra","lemma":"pietra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies Testa","gloss":"stone","note":"The nickname \"Testa di pietra\" (\"Stone-head\") is rendered by the translation as one word."},{"surface":"aveva","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of deposto","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"deposto","lemma":"deporre","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"set down"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sacco","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sacco","lemma":"sacco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of deposto","gloss":"sack"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking terra","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"terra","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of deposto","gloss":"the ground"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to giovinotto","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of giovinotto","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"giovinotto","lemma":"giovinotto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of era","gloss":"young man"},{"surface":"basso","lemma":"basso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies giovinotto","gloss":"short"},{"surface":"bruno","lemma":"bruno","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with basso","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking barba","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of barba","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"corta","lemma":"corto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies barba","gloss":"short"},{"surface":"barba","lemma":"barba","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of giovinotto","gloss":"beard"},{"surface":"nera","lemma":"nero","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies barba","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of naso","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"naso","lemma":"naso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with barba","gloss":"nose"},{"surface":"rincagnato","lemma":"rincagnato","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies naso","gloss":"flattened"},{"surface":"pareva","lemma":"parere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"looked"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of negro","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"negro","lemma":"negro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of pareva","gloss":"Moor","note":"Period (1905) term for a dark-skinned man; the translation renders it as \"Moor\" rather than the literal word."}]},{"number":198,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p104-s2","source":"Alle ultime parole del vecchio rinculò e senza aprir bocca si volse e scappò.","translation":"At the old man's last words he flinched back and, without opening his mouth, turned and ran.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Alle","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking parole","gloss":"at the"},{"surface":"ultime","lemma":"ultimo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies parole","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"parole","lemma":"parola","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of rinculò","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vecchio","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"vecchio","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies parole","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"rinculò","lemma":"rinculare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"flinched back"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"senza","lemma":"senza","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of aprir","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"aprir","lemma":"aprire","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of senza","gloss":"opening"},{"surface":"bocca","lemma":"bocca","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of aprir","gloss":"his mouth"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive pronoun of volse","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"volse","lemma":"volgere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"scappò","lemma":"scappare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with volse","gloss":"ran"}]},{"number":199,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p104-s3","source":"I suoi passi risuonarono come quelli d’un cavallo in fuga.","translation":"His footsteps rang out like those of a horse in flight.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"I","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of passi","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"suoi","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"depends on passi","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"passi","lemma":"passo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of risuonarono","gloss":"footsteps"},{"surface":"risuonarono","lemma":"risuonare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"rang out"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking quelli","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"quelli","lemma":"quello","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of risuonarono","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cavallo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cavallo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"cavallo","lemma":"cavallo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies quelli","gloss":"horse"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fuga","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"fuga","lemma":"fuga","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies cavallo","gloss":"flight"}]},{"number":200,"label":"105","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p105-s1","source":"Allora zio Sidru battè alla porta, e quando la sua amica aprì egli sollevò il sacco e lo mise dentro.","translation":"Then old Sidru knocked at the door, and when his lady friend opened it he picked up the sack and carried it inside.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"zio","title":"«Zio» as an honorific","body":"«Zio» ('uncle') is used here, as often in Italian village speech, as a respectful title for an older man who is not a literal relative — roughly like calling an elder 'uncle so-and-so'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Allora","lemma":"allora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies battè","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"zio","lemma":"zio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of battè","gloss":"uncle","note":"\"Zio\" (lit. \"uncle\") is a respectful title for an elder; the translation renders it as \"old Sidru.\""},{"surface":"Sidru","lemma":"Sidru","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies zio","gloss":"Sidru"},{"surface":"battè","lemma":"battere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"knocked"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking porta","gloss":"at the"},{"surface":"porta","lemma":"porta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of battè","gloss":"door"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"quando","lemma":"quando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of aprì","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of amica","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sua","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"depends on amica","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"amica","lemma":"amico","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of aprì","gloss":"lady friend"},{"surface":"aprì","lemma":"aprire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on sollevò","gloss":"opened"},{"surface":"egli","lemma":"egli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of sollevò","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"sollevò","lemma":"sollevare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with battè","gloss":"picked up"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sacco","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sacco","lemma":"sacco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of sollevò","gloss":"sack"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of mise","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"mise","lemma":"mettere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with sollevò","gloss":"put"},{"surface":"dentro","lemma":"dentro","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mise","gloss":"inside"}]},{"number":201,"label":"106","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p106-s1","source":"— Senti, — disse, — prima di conoscer te io avevo mangiato il pane ai miei padroni: per te, qualche volta li ho traditi, ma ora basta.","translation":"— Listen, — he said, — before I knew you, I had eaten my masters' bread: for your sake, I betrayed them now and then, but that's enough now.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Senti","lemma":"sentire","morphology":"verb, present, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the first clause","gloss":"listen"},{"surface":"disse","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the parenthetical clause","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"prima","lemma":"prima","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of conoscer","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase prima","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"conoscer","lemma":"conoscere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on mangiato","gloss":"knowing"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of conoscer","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"io","lemma":"io","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of mangiato","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"avevo","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of mangiato","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"mangiato","lemma":"mangiare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"eaten"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pane","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pane","lemma":"pane","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of mangiato","gloss":"bread"},{"surface":"ai","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking padroni","gloss":"to the","note":"\"Mangiare il pane a qualcuno\" is an idiom for living at someone's expense/being in their service."},{"surface":"miei","lemma":"mio","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"depends on padroni","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"padroni","lemma":"padrone","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"indirect object of mangiato","gloss":"masters"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking te","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of traditi","gloss":"your sake"},{"surface":"qualche","lemma":"qualche","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of volta","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"volta","lemma":"volta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of traditi","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"li","lemma":"li","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of traditi","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ho","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of traditi","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"traditi","lemma":"tradire","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"betrayed"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ora","lemma":"ora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies basta","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"basta","lemma":"bastare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb, coordinated with traditi by ma","gloss":"that's enough"}]},{"number":202,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p106-s2","source":"Ho aperto gli occhi.","translation":"I've opened my eyes.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ho","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of aperto","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"aperto","lemma":"aprire","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"opened"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of occhi","gloss":"the","note":"Italian uses the definite article, not a possessive, with body parts; understood as \"my eyes.\""},{"surface":"occhi","lemma":"occhio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of aperto","gloss":"eyes"}]},{"number":203,"label":"","id":"il-vecchio-servo-p106-s3","source":"Vado subito a denunziare tuo figlio.","translation":"I'm going right now to report your son.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vado","lemma":"andare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"am going"},{"surface":"subito","lemma":"subito","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Vado","gloss":"right now"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of denunziare","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"denunziare","lemma":"denunciare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of Vado","gloss":"report"},{"surface":"tuo","lemma":"tuo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on figlio","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"figlio","lemma":"figlio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of denunziare","gloss":"son"}]}]}