{"work":{"slug":"deledda","title":{"source":"I giuochi della vita","translated":"The Games of Life"},"author":"Grazia Deledda","language":"Italian","languageCode":"it","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/deledda"},"unit":{"kind":"chapter","number":null,"id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo","title":{"source":"Lo studente e lo scoparo","translated":"The Student and the Broom-Gatherer"},"section":"The Games of Life","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/deledda/lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo","lines":132},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/deledda/il-fermaglio","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/deledda/colpi-di-scure","license":"Source text: public domain (Grazia Deledda, d. 1936; collection first published 1905). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review.","audioBase":null,"lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p1-s1","source":"Era d’ottobre.","translation":"It was October.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ottobre","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ottobre","lemma":"ottobre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Era","gloss":"October"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p2-s1","source":"Appoggiato, o meglio arrampicato sul muro rossiccio della vigna, lo studente e giornalista Lixia guardava il paesaggio aspro e melanconico, il cui ricordo gli aveva qualche volta destato impeti di nostalgia.","translation":"Leaning, or rather perched, on the reddish wall of the vineyard, the student and journalist Lixia gazed at the harsh, melancholy landscape, whose memory had at times stirred fits of nostalgia in him.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"aveva destato","title":"Trapassato prossimo","body":"«aveva destato» ('had stirred') is the trapassato prossimo — the imperfect of «avere» plus a past participle — used for an action already complete before the past moment being described, here the memory's effect on Lixia in earlier times."}],"words":[{"surface":"Appoggiato","lemma":"appoggiare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial clause on guardava","gloss":"leaning"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"meglio","lemma":"meglio","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies arrampicato","gloss":"rather"},{"surface":"arrampicato","lemma":"arrampicarsi","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with Appoggiato","gloss":"perched"},{"surface":"sul","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking muro","gloss":"on the"},{"surface":"muro","lemma":"muro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of arrampicato","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"rossiccio","lemma":"rossiccio","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies muro","gloss":"reddish"},{"surface":"della","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vigna","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"vigna","lemma":"vigna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies muro","gloss":"vineyard"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of studente","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"studente","lemma":"studente","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of guardava","gloss":"student"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"giornalista","lemma":"giornalista","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"coordinated with studente","gloss":"journalist"},{"surface":"Lixia","lemma":"Lixia","morphology":"proper noun","role":"in apposition to studente/giornalista","gloss":"Lixia"},{"surface":"guardava","lemma":"guardare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gazed at"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of paesaggio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"paesaggio","lemma":"paesaggio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of guardava","gloss":"landscape"},{"surface":"aspro","lemma":"aspro","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies paesaggio","gloss":"harsh"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"melanconico","lemma":"melanconico","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with aspro","gloss":"melancholy"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of ricordo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cui","lemma":"cui","morphology":"determiner","role":"depends on ricordo","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"ricordo","lemma":"ricordo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of aveva","gloss":"memory"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"gli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of aveva","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"aveva","lemma":"avere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on paesaggio","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"qualche","lemma":"qualche","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of volta","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"volta","lemma":"volta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of destato","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"destato","lemma":"destare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"complement of aveva","gloss":"stirred"},{"surface":"impeti","lemma":"impeto","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of destato","gloss":"fits"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nostalgia","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"nostalgia","lemma":"nostalgia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies impeti","gloss":"nostalgia"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p3-s1","source":"Era un lembo d’alta pianura, coperto di scopeti, fra il cui verde cupo delineavasi una strada giallognola, larga ma dirupata, e spiccavano roccie rossastre chiazzate di musco rugginoso.","translation":"It was a stretch of high plain, covered in broom-thickets, amid whose dark green a yellowish road stood out, wide but crumbling, and reddish rocks streaked with rusty moss rose up.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"scopeti","title":"«scopeto»","body":"A «scopeto» is a thicket of «scopa» — broom, the wild shrub whose branches were bundled and sold as brooms. It names the scrubby highland vegetation of inland Sardinia that frames the whole scene."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"delineavasi","title":"Enclitic «si» on the verb","body":"«delineavasi» = «si delineava» ('stood out, was outlined'): the reflexive/passivante «si» is attached to the end of the verb rather than placed before it, a literary word order common in older narrative Italian."}],"words":[{"surface":"Era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to lembo","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of lembo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"lembo","lemma":"lembo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of Era","gloss":"stretch"},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pianura","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"alta","lemma":"alto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies pianura","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"pianura","lemma":"pianura","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of lembo","gloss":"plain"},{"surface":"coperto","lemma":"coperto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies lembo","gloss":"covered"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking scopeti","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"scopeti","lemma":"scopeto","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of coperto","gloss":"broom-thickets"},{"surface":"fra","lemma":"fra","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking verde","gloss":"amid"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of verde (with cui, \"whose\")","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cui","lemma":"cui","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessive relative pronoun governing verde","gloss":"whose","note":"\"il cui\" is the fixed possessive-relative construction, not a plain article + relative."},{"surface":"verde","lemma":"verde","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of fra","gloss":"green"},{"surface":"cupo","lemma":"cupo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies verde","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"delineavasi","lemma":"delinearsi","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular, with archaic postposed enclitic si","role":"verb of the relative clause introduced by \"il cui\" (modifying verde/pianura), not the sentence's main verb (that is \"Era\"); coordinated with spiccavano","gloss":"stood out","note":"Archaic word order: \"delineavasi\" = modern \"si delineava\"."},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of strada","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"strada","lemma":"strada","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of delineavasi","gloss":"road"},{"surface":"giallognola","lemma":"giallognolo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies strada","gloss":"yellowish"},{"surface":"larga","lemma":"largo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with giallognola","gloss":"wide"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"dirupata","lemma":"dirupato","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with giallognola","gloss":"crumbling"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"spiccavano","lemma":"spiccare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"verb of the relative clause introduced by \"il cui\", coordinated with delineavasi, not a separate main clause","gloss":"rose up"},{"surface":"roccie","lemma":"roccia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of spiccavano","gloss":"rocks"},{"surface":"rossastre","lemma":"rossastro","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies roccie","gloss":"reddish"},{"surface":"chiazzate","lemma":"chiazzato","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies roccie","gloss":"streaked"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking musco","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"musco","lemma":"musco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of chiazzate","gloss":"moss"},{"surface":"rugginoso","lemma":"rugginoso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies musco","gloss":"rusty"}]},{"number":4,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p3-s2","source":"Il cielo d’un azzurro cenerognolo pareva ancor più chiaro sulla cupa linea degli scopeti che si diramavano fino all’orizzonte.","translation":"The ashy-blue sky seemed even paler above the dark line of the broom-thickets, which spread out all the way to the horizon.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cielo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cielo","lemma":"cielo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of pareva","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking azzurro","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of azzurro","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"azzurro","lemma":"azzurro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of cielo, head of the di-phrase","gloss":"blue"},{"surface":"cenerognolo","lemma":"cenerognolo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies azzurro","gloss":"ashy"},{"surface":"pareva","lemma":"parere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"ancor","lemma":"ancora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies più","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"più","lemma":"più","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies chiaro","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"chiaro","lemma":"chiaro","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"complement of pareva","gloss":"paler"},{"surface":"sulla","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking linea","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"cupa","lemma":"cupo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies linea","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"linea","lemma":"linea","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of pareva","gloss":"line"},{"surface":"degli","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking scopeti","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"scopeti","lemma":"scopeto","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies linea","gloss":"broom-thickets"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of diramavano","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"reflexive particle of diramavano","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"diramavano","lemma":"diramarsi","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"relative clause on linea","gloss":"spread out"},{"surface":"fino","lemma":"fino","morphology":"adverb, part of the compound preposition fino a","role":"introduces, with all’, the complement of diramavano","gloss":"all the way"},{"surface":"all’","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition + determiner, singular","role":"preposition marking orizzonte","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"orizzonte","lemma":"orizzonte","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of diramavano","gloss":"horizon"}]},{"number":5,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p3-s3","source":"Solo un’allodola interrompeva col suo grido sfumato il silenzio del paesaggio, e solo una piccola nuvola, bianca e tenue come una piuma, interrompeva la solitudine dell’orizzonte; e pareva che l’allodola, un po’ annoiata e triste, dirigesse il suo grido alla nuvola; e che la nuvola avesse fermato il suo corso solitario e noioso per ascoltar l’allodola.","translation":"Only a lark broke, with its faint cry, the silence of the landscape, and only a small cloud, white and faint as a feather, broke the solitude of the horizon; and it seemed that the lark, a little bored and sad, directed its cry at the cloud; and that the cloud had halted its solitary, tedious course to listen to the lark.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"dirigesse / avesse fermato","title":"Congiuntivo imperfetto and trapassato","body":"After «pareva che» ('it seemed that'), Italian requires the subjunctive: «dirigesse» is imperfect subjunctive, «avesse fermato» is the pluperfect subjunctive, marking an impression rather than an asserted fact."}],"words":[{"surface":"Solo","lemma":"solo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies allodola","gloss":"Only"},{"surface":"un’","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of allodola","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"allodola","lemma":"allodola","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of interrompeva","gloss":"lark"},{"surface":"interrompeva","lemma":"interrompere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"broke"},{"surface":"col","lemma":"con il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking grido","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"suo","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on grido","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"grido","lemma":"grido","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of interrompeva","gloss":"cry"},{"surface":"sfumato","lemma":"sfumato","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies grido","gloss":"faint"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of silenzio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"silenzio","lemma":"silenzio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of interrompeva","gloss":"silence"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking paesaggio","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"paesaggio","lemma":"paesaggio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies silenzio","gloss":"landscape"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"solo","lemma":"solo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nuvola","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of nuvola","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"piccola","lemma":"piccolo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies nuvola","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"nuvola","lemma":"nuvola","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of the second interrompeva","gloss":"cloud"},{"surface":"bianca","lemma":"bianco","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies nuvola","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tenue","lemma":"tenue","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"coordinated with bianca","gloss":"faint"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking piuma","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of piuma","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"piuma","lemma":"piuma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of tenue","gloss":"feather"},{"surface":"interrompeva","lemma":"interrompere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the second clause, coordinated with interrompeva (w4)","gloss":"broke"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of solitudine","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"solitudine","lemma":"solitudine","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of interrompeva","gloss":"solitude"},{"surface":"dell’","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking orizzonte","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"orizzonte","lemma":"orizzonte","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies solitudine","gloss":"horizon"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"pareva","lemma":"parere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"it seemed"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of dirigesse","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of allodola","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"allodola","lemma":"allodola","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of dirigesse","gloss":"lark"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of po’","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"po’","lemma":"po’","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies annoiata","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"annoiata","lemma":"annoiato","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies allodola","gloss":"bored"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"triste","lemma":"triste","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"coordinated with annoiata","gloss":"sad"},{"surface":"dirigesse","lemma":"dirigere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of pareva","gloss":"directed"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of grido","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"suo","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on grido","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"grido","lemma":"grido","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of dirigesse","gloss":"cry"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nuvola","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"nuvola","lemma":"nuvola","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of dirigesse","gloss":"cloud"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fermato","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of nuvola","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nuvola","lemma":"nuvola","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of fermato","gloss":"cloud"},{"surface":"avesse","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of fermato","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"fermato","lemma":"fermare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of pareva, coordinated with dirigesse","gloss":"halted"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of corso","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"suo","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on corso","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"corso","lemma":"corso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of fermato","gloss":"course"},{"surface":"solitario","lemma":"solitario","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies corso","gloss":"solitary"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"noioso","lemma":"noioso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with solitario","gloss":"tedious"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the purpose clause with ascoltar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ascoltar","lemma":"ascoltare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on fermato","gloss":"listen to"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of allodola","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"allodola","lemma":"allodola","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of ascoltar","gloss":"lark"}]},{"number":6,"label":"4","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p4-s1","source":"Lixia guardava e anch’egli s’annoiava.","translation":"Lixia watched, and he too was growing bored.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Lixia","lemma":"Lixia","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of guardava","gloss":"Lixia"},{"surface":"guardava","lemma":"guardare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"watched"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"anch’","lemma":"anche","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies egli","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"egli","lemma":"egli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of annoiava","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"s’","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"reflexive particle of annoiava","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"annoiava","lemma":"annoiarsi","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with guardava","gloss":"was growing bored"}]},{"number":7,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p4-s2","source":"Sentiva una perfida sonnolenza velargli la mente: gli pareva che l’ombra del fico immobile sul muro rossiccio — un’ombra pesante e letale — gli calasse sul pensiero.","translation":"He felt a treacherous drowsiness veiling his mind: it seemed to him that the shadow of the motionless fig tree on the reddish wall — a heavy, deadly shadow — was settling over his thoughts.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sentiva","lemma":"sentire","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sonnolenza","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"perfida","lemma":"perfido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies sonnolenza","gloss":"treacherous"},{"surface":"sonnolenza","lemma":"sonnolenza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of Sentiva","gloss":"drowsiness"},{"surface":"velargli","lemma":"velare","morphology":"verb, infinitive, with enclitic pronoun gli","role":"complement of Sentiva","gloss":"veiling","note":"The enclitic \"gli\" attached here supplies \"his\" (dative of possession) for la mente."},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mente","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"mente","lemma":"mente","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of velargli","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"gli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of pareva","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"pareva","lemma":"parere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"it seemed"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of calasse","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of ombra","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ombra","lemma":"ombra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of calasse","gloss":"shadow"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fico","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"fico","lemma":"fico","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies ombra","gloss":"fig tree"},{"surface":"immobile","lemma":"immobile","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies fico","gloss":"motionless"},{"surface":"sul","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking muro","gloss":"on the"},{"surface":"muro","lemma":"muro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of immobile","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"rossiccio","lemma":"rossiccio","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies muro","gloss":"reddish"},{"surface":"un’","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ombra (w20)","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ombra","lemma":"ombra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to ombra (w12)","gloss":"shadow"},{"surface":"pesante","lemma":"pesante","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies ombra","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"letale","lemma":"letale","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"coordinated with pesante","gloss":"deadly"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"gli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of calasse","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"calasse","lemma":"calare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the che-clause","gloss":"was settling"},{"surface":"sul","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pensiero","gloss":"over the"},{"surface":"pensiero","lemma":"pensiero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of calasse","gloss":"thoughts"}]},{"number":8,"label":"5","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p5-s1","source":"— Che melanconico e disgraziato paese è la Sardegna! — pensava.","translation":"\"What a melancholy, wretched country Sardinia is!\" he thought.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Che","lemma":"che","morphology":"exclamative determiner","role":"determiner of paese","gloss":"what a"},{"surface":"melanconico","lemma":"melanconico","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies paese","gloss":"melancholy"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"disgraziato","lemma":"disgraziato","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with melanconico, modifies paese","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"paese","lemma":"paese","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of è, head of the exclamative phrase","gloss":"country"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking Sardegna to paese","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Sardegna","gloss":"the","note":"Italian uses the definite article before the country name; English has no equivalent."},{"surface":"Sardegna","lemma":"Sardegna","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of è","gloss":"Sardinia"},{"surface":"pensava","lemma":"pensare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"}]},{"number":9,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p5-s2","source":"— Anche le nuvole e gli uccelli ci si annoiano.","translation":"\"Even the clouds and the birds grow bored here.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Anche","lemma":"anche","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nuvole","gloss":"Even"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of nuvole","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nuvole","lemma":"nuvola","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of annoiano","gloss":"clouds"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of uccelli","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"uccelli","lemma":"uccello","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with nuvole","gloss":"birds"},{"surface":"ci","lemma":"ci","morphology":"adverb, locative","role":"modifies annoiano","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"reflexive particle of annoiano","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"annoiano","lemma":"annoiarsi","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"grow bored"}]},{"number":10,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p5-s3","source":"Mentre tutto il mondo si agita e cammina, essa sola, l’isola morta, tace.","translation":"While the whole world stirs and moves forward, it alone, the dead island, is silent.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Mentre","lemma":"mentre","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of agita","gloss":"While"},{"surface":"tutto","lemma":"tutto","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on mondo","gloss":"the whole"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mondo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mondo","lemma":"mondo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of agita","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"reflexive particle of agita","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"agita","lemma":"agitarsi","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the mentre-clause","gloss":"stirs"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"cammina","lemma":"camminare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with agita","gloss":"moves forward"},{"surface":"essa","lemma":"essa","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of tace","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"sola","lemma":"solo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies essa","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of isola","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"isola","lemma":"isola","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to essa","gloss":"island"},{"surface":"morta","lemma":"morto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies isola","gloss":"dead"},{"surface":"tace","lemma":"tacere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is silent"}]},{"number":11,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p5-s4","source":"E ciò che ancora non è morto agonizza, così, come la vigna di mio padre — questa vigna che sola viveva nella landa selvaggia — muore di filossera.","translation":"And what is not yet dead is dying, just as my father's vineyard — this vineyard, which alone lived on in the wild moorland — is dying of phylloxera.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"filossera","title":"«filossera»","body":"«Filossera» (phylloxera) is the vine-louse blight that devastated European vineyards from the late 1800s; it stands here for the slow, quiet ruin of Sardinia's old agriculture."}],"words":[{"surface":"E","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"ciò","lemma":"ciò","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of agonizza","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of morto","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ancora","lemma":"ancora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies morto","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies morto","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of morto","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"morto","lemma":"morire","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"relative clause on ciò","gloss":"dead"},{"surface":"agonizza","lemma":"agonizzare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is dying"},{"surface":"così","lemma":"così","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies agonizza, correlative with come","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the comparative clause with muore","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vigna","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vigna","lemma":"vigna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of muore","gloss":"vineyard"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking padre","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"mio","lemma":"mio","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on padre","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"padre","lemma":"padre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies vigna","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"questa","lemma":"questo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vigna (w17)","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"vigna","lemma":"vigna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to vigna (w12)","gloss":"vineyard"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of viveva","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"sola","lemma":"solo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies che","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"viveva","lemma":"vivere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on vigna","gloss":"lived on"},{"surface":"nella","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking landa","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"landa","lemma":"landa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of viveva","gloss":"moorland"},{"surface":"selvaggia","lemma":"selvaggio","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies landa","gloss":"wild"},{"surface":"muore","lemma":"morire","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the come-clause","gloss":"is dying"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking filossera","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"filossera","lemma":"filossera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of muore","gloss":"phylloxera"}]},{"number":12,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p5-s5","source":"L’anno venturo non ci saranno che i muri e questo fico, se pure ci saranno.","translation":"Next year there will be nothing left but the walls and this fig tree, if even those remain.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"L’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of anno","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"anno","lemma":"anno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of saranno","gloss":"year"},{"surface":"venturo","lemma":"venturo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies anno","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies saranno, part of non...che","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ci","lemma":"ci","morphology":"adverb, locative/existential","role":"modifies saranno","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"saranno","lemma":"essere","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"adverb, restrictive, part of non...che","role":"restricts saranno to muri and fico","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of muri","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"muri","lemma":"muro","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of saranno","gloss":"walls"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"questo","lemma":"questo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of fico","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"fico","lemma":"fico","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with muri","gloss":"fig tree"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of the second saranno","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"pure","lemma":"pure","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the second saranno","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ci","lemma":"ci","morphology":"adverb, locative/existential","role":"modifies the second saranno","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"saranno","lemma":"essere","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"conditional clause on saranno (w6)","gloss":"remain"}]},{"number":13,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p5-s6","source":"Ed io non sarò buono a ripiantarla, la nostra vigna!","translation":"And I won't be able to replant it, our vineyard!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ed","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"io","lemma":"io","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of sarò","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sarò","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"sarò","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to buono","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"buono","lemma":"buono","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of sarò","gloss":"able"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ripiantarla","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ripiantarla","lemma":"ripiantare la","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of buono a","gloss":"replant it"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vigna","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nostra","lemma":"nostro","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"depends on vigna","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"vigna","lemma":"vigna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to the object of ripiantarla","gloss":"vineyard"}]},{"number":14,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p5-s7","source":"Come potrei?","translation":"How could I?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Come","lemma":"come","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies potrei","gloss":"How"},{"surface":"potrei","lemma":"potere","morphology":"verb, present, conditional, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"could"}]},{"number":15,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p5-s8","source":"Mi intendo io di vigne?","translation":"Do I know anything about vineyards?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"reflexive pronoun of intendo","gloss":"myself","note":"intendersi di = to know about/be skilled in; mi is the reflexive pronoun, not a direct object of intendo."},{"surface":"intendo","lemma":"intendere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"io","lemma":"io","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of intendo","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vigne","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"vigne","lemma":"vigna","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of intendo","gloss":"vineyards"}]},{"number":16,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p5-s9","source":"Ma chi è quell’uomo?","translation":"But who is that man?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"chi","lemma":"chi","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of è","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to uomo","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"quell’","lemma":"quello","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of uomo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"uomo","lemma":"uomo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of è","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":17,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p5-s10","source":"Ah, zio Pascale; ecco che il paesaggio è completato dalla sua figura triste e dura.","translation":"Ah, uncle Pascale — now the landscape is completed by his sad, hard figure.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"zio","title":"«zio» as courtesy title","body":"«Zio» ('uncle') is not a blood relation here but a rural title of respect for an old man, common in Sardinian village speech, roughly like calling an elder 'uncle' in English."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ah","lemma":"ah","morphology":"interjection","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Ah"},{"surface":"zio","lemma":"zio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"vocative, addressed","gloss":"uncle"},{"surface":"Pascale","lemma":"Pascale","morphology":"proper noun","role":"in apposition to zio","gloss":"Pascale"},{"surface":"ecco","lemma":"ecco","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of completato","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of paesaggio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"paesaggio","lemma":"paesaggio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of passive completato","gloss":"landscape"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"passive auxiliary of completato","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"completato","lemma":"completare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the che-clause (ecco che...)","gloss":"completed"},{"surface":"dalla","lemma":"da il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking figura","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"sua","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"depends on figura","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"figura","lemma":"figura","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"agent of completato","gloss":"figure"},{"surface":"triste","lemma":"triste","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies figura","gloss":"sad"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dura","lemma":"duro","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with triste","gloss":"hard"}]},{"number":18,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p5-s11","source":"Pare un uomo di ferro arrugginito, quel vecchio.","translation":"That old man looks like a man made of rusted iron.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pare","lemma":"parere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"looks like"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of uomo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"uomo","lemma":"uomo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of Pare","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ferro","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ferro","lemma":"ferro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies uomo","gloss":"iron"},{"surface":"arrugginito","lemma":"arrugginito","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies ferro","gloss":"rusted"},{"surface":"quel","lemma":"quello","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vecchio","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"vecchio","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of Pare","gloss":"old man"}]},{"number":19,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p5-s12","source":"S’io fossi pittore simbolista disegnerei quel vecchio, così, fra due scope, accanto ad una roccia sanguigna, sul cielo anemico, e intitolerei: Sardegna.","translation":"If I were a symbolist painter I would draw that old man, just like this, between two broom-bushes, beside a blood-red rock, against the pale sky, and I would title it: Sardinia.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"fossi / disegnerei","title":"Hypothetical period: congiuntivo + condizionale","body":"«Se fossi... disegnerei» is a classic Italian hypothetical of the second type: imperfect subjunctive in the «se» clause, present conditional in the result clause, expressing an unreal or unlikely present condition."}],"words":[{"surface":"S’","lemma":"se","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fossi","gloss":"If"},{"surface":"io","lemma":"io","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of fossi","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"fossi","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, first-person, singular","role":"verb of the se-clause","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"pittore","lemma":"pittore","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"complement of fossi","gloss":"painter"},{"surface":"simbolista","lemma":"simbolista","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies pittore","gloss":"symbolist"},{"surface":"disegnerei","lemma":"disegnare","morphology":"verb, present, conditional, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would draw"},{"surface":"quel","lemma":"quello","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vecchio","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"vecchio","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of disegnerei","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"così","lemma":"così","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies disegnerei","gloss":"like this"},{"surface":"fra","lemma":"fra","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking scope","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"due","lemma":"due","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies scope","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"scope","lemma":"scope","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of disegnerei","gloss":"broom-bushes"},{"surface":"accanto","lemma":"accanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition marking roccia","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase accanto","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of roccia","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"roccia","lemma":"roccia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of accanto ad","gloss":"rock"},{"surface":"sanguigna","lemma":"sanguigno","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies roccia","gloss":"blood-red"},{"surface":"sul","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cielo","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"cielo","lemma":"cielo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of disegnerei","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"anemico","lemma":"anemico","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cielo","gloss":"pale"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"intitolerei","lemma":"intitolare","morphology":"verb, present, conditional, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with disegnerei","gloss":"would title"},{"surface":"Sardegna","lemma":"Sardegna","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of intitolerei","gloss":"Sardinia"}]},{"number":20,"label":"6","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p6-s1","source":"Lo scoparo s’avanzava lentamente, tagliando qua e là i migliori cespugli; ed a misura che egli si avvicinava, lo studente udiva distintamente un gemito, una tosse repressa, risuonante più entro il petto che sulle labbra del vecchio.","translation":"The broom-gatherer advanced slowly, cutting the best bushes here and there; and as he drew nearer, the student clearly heard a groan, a stifled cough, echoing more within the old man's chest than on his lips.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"scoparo","title":"«scoparo»","body":"A «scoparo» is a gatherer and seller of «scopa» (broom-brush), one of the humblest rural trades in Sardinia — cutting the wild broom shrub and carrying bundles of it to town to sell as household brooms."}],"words":[{"surface":"Lo","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of scoparo","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"scoparo","lemma":"scoparo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of avanzava","gloss":"broom-gatherer"},{"surface":"s’","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"expletive with avanzava","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"avanzava","lemma":"avanzare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"advanced"},{"surface":"lentamente","lemma":"lentamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies avanzava","gloss":"slowly"},{"surface":"tagliando","lemma":"tagliare","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on avanzava","gloss":"cutting"},{"surface":"qua","lemma":"qua","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tagliando","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"là","lemma":"là","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with qua","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of cespugli","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"migliori","lemma":"migliore","morphology":"adjective, plural, comparative","role":"modifies cespugli","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"cespugli","lemma":"cespuglio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of tagliando","gloss":"bushes"},{"surface":"ed","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom a misura che (=as)","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"misura","lemma":"misura","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"part of the idiom a misura che, modifying udiva","gloss":"measure","note":"a misura che is an idiom meaning \"as / in proportion as\"."},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of avvicinava, completing a misura che","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"egli","lemma":"egli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of avvicinava","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"expletive with avvicinava","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"avvicinava","lemma":"avvicinare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the a-misura-che clause, modifies udiva","gloss":"drew near"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of studente","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"studente","lemma":"studente","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of udiva","gloss":"student"},{"surface":"udiva","lemma":"udire","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"distintamente","lemma":"distintamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies udiva","gloss":"clearly"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of gemito","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gemito","lemma":"gemito","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of udiva","gloss":"groan"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of tosse","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tosse","lemma":"tosse","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with gemito","gloss":"cough"},{"surface":"repressa","lemma":"represso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies tosse","gloss":"stifled"},{"surface":"risuonante","lemma":"risuonante","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies gemito and tosse (participial phrase)","gloss":"echoing"},{"surface":"più","lemma":"più","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies risuonante (più...che = more...than)","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"entro","lemma":"entro","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking petto","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of petto","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"petto","lemma":"petto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of risuonante","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"conjunction","role":"part of the più...che comparison (=than)","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"sulle","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking labbra","gloss":"on the"},{"surface":"labbra","lemma":"labbro","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"compared with petto (più...che)","gloss":"lips"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vecchio","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"vecchio","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies labbra","gloss":"old man"}]},{"number":21,"label":"7","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p7-s1","source":"Zio Pascale aveva forse la febbre e vaneggiava perchè, quando egli giunse proprio sotto il piccolo rialto sul quale arrampicavasi il muro della vigna, Lixia lo udì parlare vagamente, come un sonnambulo.","translation":"Uncle Pascale perhaps had a fever and was raving, because when he arrived right below the little rise where the vineyard wall climbed, Lixia heard him speaking vaguely, like a sleepwalker.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Zio","lemma":"zio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of aveva","gloss":"Uncle"},{"surface":"Pascale","lemma":"Pascale","morphology":"proper noun","role":"depends on Zio","gloss":"Pascale"},{"surface":"aveva","lemma":"avere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"forse","lemma":"forse","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies aveva","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of febbre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"febbre","lemma":"febbre","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of aveva","gloss":"fever"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vaneggiava","lemma":"vaneggiare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with aveva","gloss":"was raving"},{"surface":"perchè","lemma":"perché","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the reason clause (Lixia udì...)","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"quando","lemma":"quando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of giunse","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"egli","lemma":"egli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of giunse","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"giunse","lemma":"giungere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the quando-clause, modifies udì","gloss":"arrived"},{"surface":"proprio","lemma":"proprio","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rialto","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"sotto","lemma":"sotto","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rialto","gloss":"below"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of rialto","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"piccolo","lemma":"piccolo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies rialto","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"rialto","lemma":"rialto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of giunse","gloss":"rise"},{"surface":"sul","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking quale","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"quale","lemma":"quale","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"relative pronoun referring to rialto, object of sul","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"arrampicavasi","lemma":"arrampicarsi","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the relative clause (sul quale...), describes rialto","gloss":"climbed","note":"Archaic literary word order: arrampicavasi = si arrampicava, with the reflexive clitic postposed to the verb."},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of muro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"muro","lemma":"muro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of arrampicavasi","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"della","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vigna","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"vigna","lemma":"vigna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies muro","gloss":"vineyard"},{"surface":"Lixia","lemma":"Lixia","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of udì","gloss":"Lixia"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of udì","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"udì","lemma":"udire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"parlare","lemma":"parlare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of udì","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"vagamente","lemma":"vagamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies parlare","gloss":"vaguely"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sonnambulo","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sonnambulo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sonnambulo","lemma":"sonnambulo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"complement of come, modifies parlare","gloss":"sleepwalker"}]},{"number":22,"label":"8","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p8-s1","source":"— Maria Annicca, — diceva il vecchio scoparo, con leggero rimprovero, — perchè hai fatto ciò?","translation":"\"Maria Annicca,\" the old broom-gatherer was saying, with mild reproach, \"why did you do that?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Maria","lemma":"Maria","morphology":"proper noun","role":"vocative, addressed by the speaker","gloss":"Maria"},{"surface":"Annicca","lemma":"Annicca","morphology":"proper noun","role":"depends on Maria","gloss":"Annicca"},{"surface":"diceva","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was saying"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of scoparo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vecchio","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies scoparo","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"scoparo","lemma":"scoparo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of diceva","gloss":"broom-gatherer"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rimprovero","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"leggero","lemma":"leggero","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies rimprovero","gloss":"mild"},{"surface":"rimprovero","lemma":"rimprovero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of diceva","gloss":"reproach"},{"surface":"perchè","lemma":"perché","morphology":"interrogative adverb","role":"modifies hai fatto","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"hai","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of fatto","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"fatto","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the question","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"ciò","lemma":"ciò","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of fatto","gloss":"that"}]},{"number":23,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p8-s2","source":"Non sapevi che egli era un riccone?","translation":"Didn't you know he was a rich man?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sapevi","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"sapevi","lemma":"sapere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of era","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"egli","lemma":"egli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of era","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to riccone","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of riccone","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"riccone","lemma":"riccone","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of era","gloss":"rich man"}]},{"number":24,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p8-s3","source":"Ecco lì, sta ferma.","translation":"There, now — stand still.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ecco","lemma":"ecco","morphology":"adverb","role":"presentative particle, forms ecco lì (=there) with lì","gloss":"There"},{"surface":"lì","lemma":"lì","morphology":"adverb","role":"completes the exclamation ecco lì (=there)","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"sta","lemma":"stare","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"ferma","lemma":"fermo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of sta","gloss":"still"}]},{"number":25,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p8-s4","source":"Dove è la bisaccia?","translation":"Where is the saddlebag?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"bisaccia","title":"«bisaccia»","body":"A «bisaccia» is a saddlebag or double sack slung over a shoulder or animal's back — standard gear for shepherds and peasants carrying goods on foot or on a mule."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dove","lemma":"dove","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies è","gloss":"Where"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of bisaccia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"bisaccia","lemma":"bisaccia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of è","gloss":"saddlebag"}]},{"number":26,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p8-s5","source":"Ah, come farò io, San Francesco mio d’argento?","translation":"Ah, what shall I do, my silver Saint Francis?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ah","lemma":"ah","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"Ah"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies farò","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"farò","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"shall do"},{"surface":"io","lemma":"io","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of farò","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"San","lemma":"San","morphology":"proper noun","role":"vocative, addressed","gloss":"Saint"},{"surface":"Francesco","lemma":"Francesco","morphology":"proper noun","role":"depends on San","gloss":"Francis"},{"surface":"mio","lemma":"mio","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"modifies San Francesco","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking argento","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"argento","lemma":"argento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies San Francesco (d’argento = made of silver)","gloss":"silver"}]},{"number":27,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p8-s6","source":"Pascaleddu, agnello d’oro, non tormentarmi così....","translation":"Pascaleddu, golden lamb, don't torment me so....","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Pascaleddu","title":"Sardinian diminutive «-eddu»","body":"«Pascaleddu» is a Sardinian affectionate diminutive of the name Pascale (with the ending «-eddu», common across Sardinian dialects), here the old man addressing his own memory or a younger self/grandson tenderly."}],"words":[{"surface":"Pascaleddu","lemma":"Pascaleddu","morphology":"proper noun","role":"vocative, addressed","gloss":"Pascaleddu","note":"Affectionate Sardinian diminutive of Pascale."},{"surface":"agnello","lemma":"agnello","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to Pascaleddu","gloss":"lamb"},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oro","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"oro","lemma":"oro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies agnello","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tormentarmi","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tormentarmi","lemma":"tormentare mi","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence (imperative)","gloss":"torment me"},{"surface":"così","lemma":"così","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tormentarmi","gloss":"so"}]},{"number":28,"label":"9","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p9-s1","source":"— Zio Pascale? — chiamò lo studente.","translation":"\"Uncle Pascale?\" called the student.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Zio","lemma":"zio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"vocative, addressed","gloss":"Uncle"},{"surface":"Pascale","lemma":"Pascale","morphology":"proper noun","role":"depends on Zio","gloss":"Pascale"},{"surface":"chiamò","lemma":"chiamare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of studente","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"studente","lemma":"studente","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of chiamò","gloss":"student"}]},{"number":29,"label":"10","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p10-s1","source":"Il vecchio, curvo a tagliare con una piccola falce un cespuglio di scope, s’alzò di scatto, come svegliandosi da un sogno, e mise la mano sugli occhi infossati.","translation":"The old man, bent over cutting a broom-bush with a small sickle, straightened up with a start, as if waking from a dream, and put his hand over his sunken eyes.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"s’alzò","title":"Pronominal verb «alzarsi»","body":"«s’alzò» ('he stood up') is the reflexive-clitic verb «alzarsi», where the pronoun «si» marks the subject acting on himself; combined with the passato remoto «alzò», it names one sudden completed movement."}],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vecchio","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"vecchio","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of alzò","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"curvo","lemma":"curvo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies vecchio","gloss":"bent"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of tagliare","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"tagliare","lemma":"tagliare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on curvo","gloss":"cutting"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking falce","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of falce","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"piccola","lemma":"piccolo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies falce","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"falce","lemma":"falce","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of tagliare","gloss":"sickle"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cespuglio","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"cespuglio","lemma":"cespuglio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of tagliare","gloss":"bush"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking scope","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"scope","lemma":"scope","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies cespuglio","gloss":"broom"},{"surface":"s’","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"expletive with alzò","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"alzò","lemma":"alzarsi","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"straightened up"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking scatto","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"scatto","lemma":"scatto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of alzò","gloss":"a start"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of svegliandosi","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"svegliandosi","lemma":"svegliare si","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on alzò","gloss":"waking up"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sogno","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sogno","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sogno","lemma":"sogno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of svegliandosi","gloss":"dream"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mise","lemma":"mettere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with alzò","gloss":"put"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mano","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mano","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of mise","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"sugli","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking occhi","gloss":"on the"},{"surface":"occhi","lemma":"occhio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of mise (object of sugli)","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"infossati","lemma":"infossato","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies occhi","gloss":"sunken"}]},{"number":30,"label":"11","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p11-s1","source":"— Chi sei, anima del purgatorio?","translation":"\"Who are you, soul from purgatory?\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Chi","lemma":"chi","morphology":"pronoun, interrogative","role":"predicate complement of sei","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"sei","lemma":"essere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"anima","lemma":"anima","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to the subject of sei","gloss":"soul"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking purgatorio","gloss":"from the"},{"surface":"purgatorio","lemma":"purgatorio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies anima","gloss":"purgatory"}]},{"number":31,"label":"12","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p12-s1","source":"— Non mi vedete?","translation":"\"Can't you see me?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vedete","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of vedete","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"vedete","lemma":"vedere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"see"}]},{"number":32,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p12-s2","source":"No, sono un’anima dell’inferno.","translation":"No, I'm a soul from hell.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"sono","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to anima","gloss":"I am"},{"surface":"un’","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of anima","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"anima","lemma":"anima","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of sono","gloss":"soul"},{"surface":"dell’","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking inferno","gloss":"from the"},{"surface":"inferno","lemma":"inferno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies anima","gloss":"hell"}]},{"number":33,"label":"13","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p13-s1","source":"— Ah, sei il figlio di Batóre Lixia?","translation":"\"Ah, are you Batóre Lixia's son?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ah","lemma":"ah","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"sei","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"copula linking to figlio","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of figlio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"figlio","lemma":"figlio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of sei","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Batóre","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Batóre","lemma":"Batóre","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies figlio","gloss":"Batóre"},{"surface":"Lixia","lemma":"Lixia","morphology":"proper noun","role":"depends on Batóre","gloss":"Lixia"}]},{"number":34,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p13-s2","source":"Dio ti benedica, anima mia; io non ci vedo più, sai: ecco, tu mi sembri una nuvola.","translation":"God bless you, my soul; I can't see anymore, you know — see, to me you look like a cloud.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dio","lemma":"Dio","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of benedica","gloss":"God"},{"surface":"ti","lemma":"ti","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of benedica","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"benedica","lemma":"benedire","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"bless"},{"surface":"anima","lemma":"anima","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"vocative in apposition to ti","gloss":"soul"},{"surface":"mia","lemma":"mio","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"depends on anima","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"io","lemma":"io","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of vedo","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vedo","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ci","lemma":"ci","morphology":"pronoun, expletive","role":"expletive with vedo","gloss":"there","note":"\"non ci vedo\" is idiomatic for \"I can't see\"; ci adds no separate meaning here."},{"surface":"vedo","lemma":"vedere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"più","lemma":"più","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vedo","gloss":"anymore"},{"surface":"sai","lemma":"sapere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"parenthetical remark","gloss":"you know"},{"surface":"ecco","lemma":"ecco","morphology":"adverb, presentative","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of sembri","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"indirect object of sembri","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"sembri","lemma":"sembrare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of nuvola","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"nuvola","lemma":"nuvola","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"complement of sembri","gloss":"cloud"}]},{"number":35,"label":"14","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p14-s1","source":"— Che fate, zio Pascale?","translation":"\"What are you doing, uncle Pascale?\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun, interrogative","role":"direct object of fate","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"fate","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"are doing"},{"surface":"zio","lemma":"zio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"uncle"},{"surface":"Pascale","lemma":"Pascale","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies zio","gloss":"Pascale"}]},{"number":36,"label":"15","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p15-s1","source":"— Raccolgo scope.","translation":"\"I'm gathering broom.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Raccolgo","lemma":"raccogliere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I gather"},{"surface":"scope","lemma":"scopa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of Raccolgo","gloss":"broom"}]},{"number":37,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p15-s2","source":"Tu sei un dottore, vero? — chiese il vecchio, sempre più rispettoso.","translation":"You're a doctor, aren't you?\" asked the old man, growing ever more deferential.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"dottore","title":"«dottore» for a university student","body":"In rural usage, «dottore» is a respectful term for anyone with schooling or a university degree in progress, not strictly a physician — the old man is deferring to Lixia's status as a student in the city."}],"words":[{"surface":"Tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of sei","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"sei","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"copula linking to dottore","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of dottore","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"dottore","lemma":"dottore","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of sei","gloss":"doctor"},{"surface":"vero","lemma":"vero","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"tag question on the statement","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"chiese","lemma":"chiedere","morphology":"verb, past historic, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vecchio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vecchio","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of chiese","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"sempre","lemma":"sempre","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies più","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"più","lemma":"più","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rispettoso","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"rispettoso","lemma":"rispettoso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies vecchio","gloss":"deferential"}]},{"number":38,"label":"16","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p16-s1","source":"— Non ancora.","translation":"\"Not yet.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ancora","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ancora","lemma":"ancora","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"yet"}]},{"number":39,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p16-s2","source":"Che fate voi di queste scope?","translation":"What do you do with this broom you're gathering?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun, interrogative","role":"direct object of fate","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"fate","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"voi","lemma":"voi","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of fate","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking scope","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"queste","lemma":"questo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of scope","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"scope","lemma":"scopa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of fate","gloss":"broom"}]},{"number":40,"label":"17","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p17-s1","source":"Il vecchìo gemeva e tossiva convulso, e rispondeva a stento, umile e quasi pauroso.","translation":"The old man groaned and coughed convulsively, and answered haltingly, humble and almost fearful.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vecchìo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vecchìo","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of gemeva","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"gemeva","lemma":"gemere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"groaned"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tossiva","lemma":"tossire","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with gemeva","gloss":"coughed"},{"surface":"convulso","lemma":"convulso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate adjective modifying vecchìo","gloss":"convulsively"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"rispondeva","lemma":"rispondere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with gemeva","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stento","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"stento","lemma":"stento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of rispondeva","gloss":"difficulty"},{"surface":"umile","lemma":"umile","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate adjective modifying vecchìo","gloss":"humble"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"quasi","lemma":"quasi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pauroso","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"pauroso","lemma":"pauroso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with umile","gloss":"fearful"}]},{"number":41,"label":"18","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p18-s1","source":"— Le porto a Nuoro, dove le vendo.","translation":"\"I carry it to Nuoro, where I sell it.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of porto","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"porto","lemma":"portare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I carry"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Nuoro","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Nuoro","lemma":"Nuoro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of porto","gloss":"Nuoro"},{"surface":"dove","lemma":"dove","morphology":"adverb, relative","role":"modifies vendo","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of vendo","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"vendo","lemma":"vendere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause","gloss":"I sell"}]},{"number":42,"label":"19","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p19-s1","source":"— Ogni giorno?","translation":"\"Every day?\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ogni","lemma":"ogni","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of giorno","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"giorno","lemma":"giorno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"day"}]},{"number":43,"label":"20","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p20-s1","source":"— Oh, no!","translation":"\"Oh, no!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Oh","lemma":"oh","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"interjection","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"no"}]},{"number":44,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p20-s2","source":"Quando ero in forze, sì, quando avevo vent’anni, trenta anni.","translation":"When I was strong, yes, when I was twenty years old, thirty years old.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quando","lemma":"quando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ero","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ero","lemma":"essere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause","gloss":"I was"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking forze","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"forze","lemma":"forza","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"predicate complement of ero","gloss":"strength","note":"\"essere in forze\" idiomatically means \"to be strong/vigorous.\""},{"surface":"sì","lemma":"sì","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"quando","lemma":"quando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of avevo","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"avevo","lemma":"avere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause","gloss":"was","note":"\"avere ... anni\" is idiomatic for \"to be ... years old.\""},{"surface":"vent’","lemma":"venti","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies anni","gloss":"twenty"},{"surface":"anni","lemma":"anno","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of avevo","gloss":"years"},{"surface":"trenta","lemma":"trenta","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies anni","gloss":"thirty"},{"surface":"anni","lemma":"anno","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of avevo (elliptical)","gloss":"years"}]},{"number":45,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p20-s3","source":"Ma ora!...","translation":"But now!...","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ora","lemma":"ora","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"now"}]},{"number":46,"label":"21","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p21-s1","source":"Scosse la mano, come accennando un punto remoto nello spazio e nel tempo.","translation":"He waved his hand, as if pointing to some remote point in space and time.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Scosse","lemma":"scuotere","morphology":"verb, past historic, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"waved"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mano","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"mano","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of Scosse","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of accennando","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"accennando","lemma":"accennare","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on Scosse","gloss":"pointing"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of punto","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"punto","lemma":"punto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of accennando","gloss":"point"},{"surface":"remoto","lemma":"remoto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies punto","gloss":"remote"},{"surface":"nello","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking spazio","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"spazio","lemma":"spazio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies punto","gloss":"space"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nel","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tempo","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"tempo","lemma":"tempo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with spazio","gloss":"time"}]},{"number":47,"label":"22","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p22-s1","source":"— Quanti anni avete, ora, zio Pascà?","translation":"\"How old are you now, uncle Pascà?\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quanti","lemma":"quanto","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of anni","gloss":"how many"},{"surface":"anni","lemma":"anno","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of avete","gloss":"years"},{"surface":"avete","lemma":"avere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have","note":"\"avere ... anni\" is idiomatic for \"to be ... years old.\""},{"surface":"ora","lemma":"ora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies avete","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"zio","lemma":"zio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"uncle"},{"surface":"Pascà","lemma":"Pascà","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies zio","gloss":"Pascà"}]},{"number":48,"label":"23","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p23-s1","source":"— Ottanta.... no sessantanove.... aspetta, di più....","translation":"\"Eighty.... no, sixty-nine.... wait, more....","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ottanta","lemma":"ottanta","morphology":"numeral","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"eighty"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"sessantanove","lemma":"sessantanove","morphology":"numeral","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"sixty-nine"},{"surface":"aspetta","lemma":"aspettare","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wait"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"forms the phrase di più","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"più","lemma":"più","morphology":"adverb","role":"complement of di","gloss":"more"}]},{"number":49,"label":"24","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p24-s1","source":"— Settantanove?","translation":"\"Seventy-nine?\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Settantanove","lemma":"settantanove","morphology":"numeral","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"seventy-nine"}]},{"number":50,"label":"25","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p25-s1","source":"— Sì, me ne manca uno a novanta.","translation":"\"Yes, I'm one short of ninety.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sì","lemma":"sì","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"me","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"indirect object of manca","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"pronoun, partitive","role":"partitive complement of manca","gloss":"of them","note":"ne refers back to the years counted; \"me ne manca uno\" = \"I'm missing one of them.\""},{"surface":"manca","lemma":"mancare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is missing"},{"surface":"uno","lemma":"uno","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of manca","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking novanta","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"novanta","lemma":"novanta","morphology":"numeral","role":"oblique complement of manca","gloss":"ninety"}]},{"number":51,"label":"26","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p26-s1","source":"— Basta; vuol dire che siete vicino più ai cento che ai venti, non è vero?","translation":"\"Well then — that means you're closer to a hundred than to twenty, isn't that so?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Basta","lemma":"bastare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"enough"},{"surface":"vuol","lemma":"volere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of dire","gloss":"means","note":"\"vuol dire\" is idiomatic for \"means.\""},{"surface":"dire","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to say"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vicino","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"siete","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, plural","role":"copula linking to vicino","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"vicino","lemma":"vicino","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of siete","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"più","lemma":"più","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vicino","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"ai","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cento","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"cento","lemma":"cento","morphology":"numeral","role":"oblique complement of vicino","gloss":"hundred"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"conjunction, comparative","role":"introduces the second term of the comparison","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"ai","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking venti","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"venti","lemma":"venti","morphology":"numeral","role":"oblique complement of vicino","gloss":"twenty"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vero","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to vero","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"vero","lemma":"vero","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of è","gloss":"true"}]},{"number":52,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p26-s2","source":"Avete sempre fatto lo scoparo?","translation":"Have you always worked as a broom-gatherer?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Avete","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of fatto","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"sempre","lemma":"sempre","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fatto","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"fatto","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, past participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"worked"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of scoparo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"scoparo","lemma":"scoparo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of fatto","gloss":"broom-gatherer"}]},{"number":53,"label":"27","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p27-s1","source":"— Sì.","translation":"\"Yes.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sì","lemma":"sì","morphology":"interjection","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"yes"}]},{"number":54,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p27-s2","source":"Ma dimmi, è vero che tu sei impiegato nella Corte del Re?","translation":"But tell me, is it true that you're employed at the King's Court?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"dimmi","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"parenthetical command","gloss":"tell me"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to vero","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"vero","lemma":"vero","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"true"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of impiegato","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of passive impiegato","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"sei","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"passive auxiliary of impiegato","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"impiegato","lemma":"impiegare","morphology":"verb, past participle, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of vero","gloss":"employed"},{"surface":"nella","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Corte","gloss":"at the"},{"surface":"Corte","lemma":"corte","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of impiegato","gloss":"Court"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Re","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Re","lemma":"re","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Corte","gloss":"King"}]},{"number":55,"label":"28","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p28-s1","source":"— Non ancora, zio Pascale!","translation":"\"Not yet, uncle Pascale!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ancora","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ancora","lemma":"ancora","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"zio","lemma":"zio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"uncle"},{"surface":"Pascale","lemma":"Pascale","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies zio","gloss":"Pascale"}]},{"number":56,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p28-s2","source":"Forse col tempo.","translation":"Maybe in time.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Forse","lemma":"forse","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"maybe"},{"surface":"col","lemma":"con il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tempo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"tempo","lemma":"tempo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement","gloss":"time"}]},{"number":57,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p28-s3","source":"Con chi vivete?","translation":"Who do you live with?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking chi","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"chi","lemma":"chi","morphology":"pronoun, interrogative","role":"oblique complement of vivete","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"vivete","lemma":"vivere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"do you live"}]},{"number":58,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p28-s4","source":"Ma mi pare che siate ammalato.","translation":"But it seems to me you're ill.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"indirect object of pare","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"pare","lemma":"parere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seems"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ammalato","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"siate","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, subjunctive, second-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of ammalato","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"ammalato","lemma":"ammalato","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of pare","gloss":"ill"}]},{"number":59,"label":"29","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p29-s1","source":"— Ammalato!","translation":"\"Ill!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ammalato","lemma":"ammalato","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"ill"}]},{"number":60,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p29-s2","source":"Ammalato!","translation":"Ill!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ammalato","lemma":"ammalato","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"ill"}]},{"number":61,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p29-s3","source":"Molto ammalato, figlio del mio cuore!","translation":"Very ill, son of my heart!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Molto","lemma":"molto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ammalato","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ammalato","lemma":"ammalato","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"ill"},{"surface":"figlio","lemma":"figlio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cuore","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"mio","lemma":"mio","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on cuore","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"cuore","lemma":"cuore","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies figlio","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":62,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p29-s4","source":"Ah, questa tosse!","translation":"Ah, this cough!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ah","lemma":"ah","morphology":"interjection","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"questa","lemma":"questo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of tosse","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"tosse","lemma":"tosse","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to Ah","gloss":"cough"}]},{"number":63,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p29-s5","source":"Mi pare che qui, entro il petto ed in gola, ci sia una sega che lavori continuamente.","translation":"It seems to me that here, inside my chest and throat, there's a saw working continuously.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sia / lavori","title":"Congiuntivo after «mi pare che»","body":"«Mi pare che» ('it seems to me that') triggers the subjunctive: «ci sia» and «lavori» are present subjunctive forms, marking the old man's impression of illness rather than a stated medical fact."}],"words":[{"surface":"Mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"indirect object of pare","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"pare","lemma":"parere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seems"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sia","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sia","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"entro","lemma":"entro","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking petto","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of petto","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"petto","lemma":"petto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sia","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"ed","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gola","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"gola","lemma":"gola","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with petto","gloss":"throat"},{"surface":"ci","lemma":"ci","morphology":"pronoun, expletive","role":"expletive with sia","gloss":"there","note":"\"ci sia\" is the existential \"there is,\" like \"c'è.\""},{"surface":"sia","lemma":"essere","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of pare","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sega","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sega","lemma":"sega","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of sia","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of lavori","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"lavori","lemma":"lavorare","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on sega","gloss":"works"},{"surface":"continuamente","lemma":"continuamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lavori","gloss":"continuously"}]},{"number":64,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p29-s6","source":"Io conoscevo tuo padre, sai.","translation":"I knew your father, you know.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Io","lemma":"io","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of conoscevo","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"conoscevo","lemma":"conoscere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"tuo","lemma":"tuo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on padre","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"padre","lemma":"padre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of conoscevo","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"sai","lemma":"sapere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"parenthetical remark","gloss":"you know"}]},{"number":65,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p29-s7","source":"Era un benefattore…. oh…. questa tosse….","translation":"He was a benefactor…. oh…. this cough….","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to benefattore","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of benefattore","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"benefattore","lemma":"benefattore","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"benefactor"},{"surface":"oh","lemma":"oh","morphology":"interjection","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"questa","lemma":"questo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of tosse","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"tosse","lemma":"tosse","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"cough"}]},{"number":66,"label":"30","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p30-s1","source":"— Ma perchè non prendete qualche cosa, zio Pascale? — chiese Lixia, al quale il vecchio destava pietà e disgusto.","translation":"\"But why don't you take something for it, uncle Pascale?\" asked Lixia, in whom the old man stirred both pity and disgust.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"perchè","lemma":"perché","morphology":"interrogative adverb","role":"introduces the direct question","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies prendete","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"prendete","lemma":"prendere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, plural","role":"main verb of the question clause","gloss":"take"},{"surface":"qualche","lemma":"qualche","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of cosa","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"cosa","lemma":"cosa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of prendete","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"zio","lemma":"zio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"vocative addressing the old man","gloss":"uncle"},{"surface":"Pascale","lemma":"Pascale","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies zio","gloss":"Pascale"},{"surface":"chiese","lemma":"chiedere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"Lixia","lemma":"Lixia","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of chiese","gloss":"Lixia"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking quale","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"quale","lemma":"quale","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of destava","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vecchio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vecchio","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of destava","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"destava","lemma":"destare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on Lixia","gloss":"stirred"},{"surface":"pietà","lemma":"pietà","morphology":"noun, feminine","role":"direct object of destava","gloss":"pity"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"disgusto","lemma":"disgusto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with pietà","gloss":"disgust"}]},{"number":67,"label":"31","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p31-s1","source":"— E cosa vuoi che prenda?","translation":"\"And what would you have me take?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"E","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"cosa","lemma":"cosa","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of prenda, fronted","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"vuoi","lemma":"volere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"want"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of prenda","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"prenda","lemma":"prendere","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, first-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of vuoi","gloss":"I take"}]},{"number":68,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p31-s2","source":"Ho provato la medaglia di Santu Pascale, ho provato il verbasco bollito, gli impiastri di lino…. tutto ho provato…. ma vuoi sentire cosa è?","translation":"I've tried the medal of Santu Pascale, I've tried boiled mullein, flaxseed poultices…. I've tried everything…. but do you want to hear what it is?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"impiastri di lino","title":"«impiastro di lino»","body":"A «impiastro di lino» is a flaxseed poultice, a traditional home remedy applied warm to the chest for coughs — folk medicine standing in for the medical care the old man cannot get."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ho","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of provato","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"provato","lemma":"provare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"tried"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of medaglia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"medaglia","lemma":"medaglia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of provato","gloss":"medal"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Santu","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Santu","lemma":"santu","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies medaglia","gloss":"Saint","note":"Sardinian dialect form of \"Santo\" (Saint)."},{"surface":"Pascale","lemma":"Pascale","morphology":"proper noun","role":"depends on Santu","gloss":"Pascale"},{"surface":"ho","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of provato","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"provato","lemma":"provare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with provato","gloss":"tried"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of verbasco","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"verbasco","lemma":"verbasco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of provato","gloss":"mullein"},{"surface":"bollito","lemma":"bollito","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies verbasco","gloss":"boiled"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of impiastri","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"impiastri","lemma":"impiastro","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of provato","gloss":"poultices"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lino","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"lino","lemma":"lino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies impiastri","gloss":"flaxseed"},{"surface":"tutto","lemma":"tutto","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of provato, fronted","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"ho","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of provato","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"provato","lemma":"provare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"tried"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"vuoi","lemma":"volere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of sentire","gloss":"want"},{"surface":"sentire","lemma":"sentire","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"hear"},{"surface":"cosa","lemma":"cosa","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"predicate of è; the clause is object of sentire","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the embedded clause, object of sentire","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":69,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p31-s3","source":"È la morte che viene….","translation":"It's death, coming for me....","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"È","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to morte","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of morte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"morte","lemma":"morte","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of viene","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"viene","lemma":"venire","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on morte","gloss":"comes"}]},{"number":70,"label":"32","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p32-s1","source":"— Con chi vivete? — ripetè lo studente giornalista, saltando a sedere sul muro.","translation":"\"Who do you live with?\" repeated the student journalist, hopping up to sit on the wall.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking chi","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"chi","lemma":"chi","morphology":"pronoun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"vivete","lemma":"vivere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, plural","role":"relative clause on chi","gloss":"do you live"},{"surface":"ripetè","lemma":"ripetere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"repeated"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of studente","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"studente","lemma":"studente","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of ripetè","gloss":"student"},{"surface":"giornalista","lemma":"giornalista","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"compound with studente","gloss":"journalist"},{"surface":"saltando","lemma":"saltare","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on ripetè","gloss":"hopping"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of sedere","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sedere","lemma":"sedere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of saltando","gloss":"sit"},{"surface":"sul","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking muro","gloss":"on the"},{"surface":"muro","lemma":"muro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sedere","gloss":"wall"}]},{"number":71,"label":"33","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p33-s1","source":"Il vecchio scoparo cominciava ad interessarlo: gli pareva d’intervistare in lui il più autorevole rappresentante d’una razza sconosciuta.","translation":"The old broom-gatherer was beginning to interest him: it seemed to him he was interviewing, in this man, the most authoritative representative of an unknown race.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of scoparo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vecchio","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies scoparo","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"scoparo","lemma":"scoparo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of cominciava","gloss":"broom-gatherer"},{"surface":"cominciava","lemma":"cominciare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was beginning"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of interessarlo","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"interessarlo","lemma":"interessare lo","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of cominciava","gloss":"interest him"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"gli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of pareva","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"pareva","lemma":"parere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of intervistare","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"intervistare","lemma":"intervistare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of pareva","gloss":"be interviewing"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lui","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"lui","lemma":"lui","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of intervistare","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of rappresentante","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"più","lemma":"più","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies autorevole","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"autorevole","lemma":"autorevole","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies rappresentante","gloss":"authoritative"},{"surface":"rappresentante","lemma":"rappresentante","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"direct object of intervistare","gloss":"representative"},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking razza","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of razza","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"razza","lemma":"razza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies rappresentante","gloss":"race"},{"surface":"sconosciuta","lemma":"sconosciuto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies razza","gloss":"unknown"}]},{"number":72,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p33-s2","source":"Eppure quante volte, prima di partire per gli studî, e durante le vacanze, non aveva egli veduto il vecchio scoparo e cento e mille altri campioni di quella razza alla quale egli stesso apparteneva?","translation":"And yet how many times, before leaving for his studies, and during vacations, had he not seen the old broom-gatherer and a hundred and a thousand other specimens of that same race to which he himself belonged?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Eppure","lemma":"eppure","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies volte","gloss":"and yet"},{"surface":"quante","lemma":"quanto","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of volte","gloss":"how many"},{"surface":"volte","lemma":"volta","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"prima","lemma":"prima","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of partire","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase prima","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"partire","lemma":"partire","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on volte","gloss":"leaving"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking studî","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of studî","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"studî","lemma":"studio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of partire","gloss":"studies","note":"\"studî\" is an older plural spelling of \"studi\" (studio → studî/studi)."},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"durante","lemma":"durante","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vacanze","gloss":"during"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of vacanze","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vacanze","lemma":"vacanza","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of veduto","gloss":"vacations"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies veduto","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"aveva","lemma":"avere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of veduto","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"egli","lemma":"egli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of veduto","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"veduto","lemma":"vedere","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seen"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of scoparo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vecchio","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies scoparo","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"scoparo","lemma":"scoparo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of veduto, coordinated with campioni","gloss":"broom-gatherer"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"cento","lemma":"cento","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies campioni","gloss":"a hundred"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mille","lemma":"mille","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies campioni","gloss":"a thousand"},{"surface":"altri","lemma":"altro","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies campioni","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"campioni","lemma":"campione","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of veduto","gloss":"specimens"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking razza","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"quella","lemma":"quello","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of razza","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"razza","lemma":"razza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies campioni","gloss":"race"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking quale","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"quale","lemma":"quale","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of apparteneva","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"egli","lemma":"egli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of apparteneva","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"stesso","lemma":"stesso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies egli","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"apparteneva","lemma":"appartenere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on razza","gloss":"belonged"}]},{"number":73,"label":"34","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p34-s1","source":"— Da quanti anni fate lo scoparo?","translation":"\"For how many years have you been a broom-gatherer?\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Da","lemma":"da","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking anni","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"quanti","lemma":"quanto","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of anni","gloss":"how many"},{"surface":"anni","lemma":"anno","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of fate","gloss":"years"},{"surface":"fate","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have you been","note":"\"fare lo scoparo\" (lit. \"to do the broom-gatherer\") is an idiom for working as a broom-gatherer."},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of scoparo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"scoparo","lemma":"scoparo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of fate","gloss":"broom-gatherer"}]},{"number":74,"label":"35","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p35-s1","source":"— Da molti, molti anni, ti ho detto! — rispose il vecchio, ripetendo quel gesto vago che accennava una lontananza infinita.","translation":"\"For many, many years, I've told you!\" answered the old man, repeating that vague gesture pointing to some infinite distance.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Da","lemma":"da","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking anni","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"molti","lemma":"molto","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of anni, coordinated with next molti","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"molti","lemma":"molto","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of anni","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"anni","lemma":"anno","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of detto","gloss":"years"},{"surface":"ti","lemma":"ti","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"indirect object of detto","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ho","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of detto","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"detto","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"told"},{"surface":"rispose","lemma":"rispondere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vecchio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vecchio","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of rispose","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"ripetendo","lemma":"ripetere","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on rispose","gloss":"repeating"},{"surface":"quel","lemma":"quello","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of gesto","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"gesto","lemma":"gesto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of ripetendo","gloss":"gesture"},{"surface":"vago","lemma":"vago","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies gesto","gloss":"vague"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of accennava","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"accennava","lemma":"accennare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on gesto","gloss":"pointed to"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of lontananza","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"lontananza","lemma":"lontananza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of accennava","gloss":"distance"},{"surface":"infinita","lemma":"infinito","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies lontananza","gloss":"infinite"}]},{"number":75,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p35-s2","source":"— Avevo dieci anni, la prima volta che andai a Nuoro a vendere le scope: anche mio padre era scoparo; anche mio figlio scoparo.","translation":"I was ten years old the first time I went to Nuoro to sell broom: my father too was a broom-gatherer; my son a broom-gatherer too.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Avevo","lemma":"avere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"dieci","lemma":"dieci","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies anni","gloss":"ten"},{"surface":"anni","lemma":"anno","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of Avevo","gloss":"years old"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of volta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"prima","lemma":"primo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies volta","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"volta","lemma":"volta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Avevo","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of andai","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"andai","lemma":"andare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"clause modifying volta","gloss":"I went"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Nuoro","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Nuoro","lemma":"Nuoro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of andai","gloss":"Nuoro"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of vendere","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"vendere","lemma":"vendere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of andai","gloss":"sell"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of scope","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"scope","lemma":"scopa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of vendere","gloss":"broom"},{"surface":"anche","lemma":"anche","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies padre","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"mio","lemma":"mio","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on padre","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"padre","lemma":"padre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of era","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to scoparo","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"scoparo","lemma":"scoparo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of era","gloss":"broom-gatherer"},{"surface":"anche","lemma":"anche","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mio","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"mio","lemma":"mio","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on figlio","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"figlio","lemma":"figlio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"scoparo","lemma":"scoparo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement (era elided)","gloss":"broom-gatherer"}]},{"number":76,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p35-s3","source":"Egli una volta, stanco di camminare e camminare sempre a piedi, gittò il laccio ad un cavallo che pascolava in una tanca, e vi montò su.","translation":"He once, tired of walking and always walking on foot, threw a rope around a horse grazing in an enclosed pasture, and mounted it.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"tanca","title":"«tanca»","body":"A «tanca» is a fenced or walled Sardinian pasture-enclosure for grazing livestock — a common feature of the island's rural landscape and land economy."}],"words":[{"surface":"Egli","lemma":"egli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of gittò","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of volta","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"volta","lemma":"volta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"adverbial modifier of gittò","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"stanco","lemma":"stanco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Egli","gloss":"tired"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of camminare","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"camminare","lemma":"camminare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of stanco","gloss":"walking"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"camminare","lemma":"camminare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with camminare","gloss":"walking"},{"surface":"sempre","lemma":"sempre","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies camminare","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking piedi","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"piedi","lemma":"piede","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of camminare","gloss":"foot"},{"surface":"gittò","lemma":"gettare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"threw","note":"\"gittò\" is a literary/archaic variant of \"gettò\" (gettare, to throw)."},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of laccio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"laccio","lemma":"laccio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of gittò","gloss":"rope"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cavallo","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cavallo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"cavallo","lemma":"cavallo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of gittò","gloss":"horse"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of pascolava","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"pascolava","lemma":"pascolare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on cavallo","gloss":"was grazing"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tanca","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of tanca","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"tanca","lemma":"tanca","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of pascolava","gloss":"enclosed pasture","note":"\"tanca\" is Sardinian for a fenced or enclosed pasture."},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun","role":"locative complement of montò, refers to cavallo","gloss":"onto it"},{"surface":"montò","lemma":"montare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with gittò","gloss":"mounted"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies montò","gloss":"up"}]},{"number":77,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p35-s4","source":"Ebbene, lo incontrarono due carabinieri che andavano in cerca di un bandito.","translation":"Well, two carabinieri who were out searching for a bandit came upon him.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ebbene","lemma":"ebbene","morphology":"interjection","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of incontrarono","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"incontrarono","lemma":"incontrare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came upon"},{"surface":"due","lemma":"due","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies carabinieri","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"carabinieri","lemma":"carabiniere","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of incontrarono","gloss":"carabinieri"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of andavano","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"andavano","lemma":"andare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"relative clause on carabinieri","gloss":"were going"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cerca","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"cerca","lemma":"cerca","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of andavano","gloss":"search"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bandito","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of bandito","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bandito","lemma":"bandito","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cerca","gloss":"bandit"}]},{"number":78,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p35-s5","source":"— Tu hai rubato questo cavallo? — gli dissero.","translation":"\"Did you steal this horse?\" they said to him.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of rubato","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"hai","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of rubato","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"rubato","lemma":"rubare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stolen"},{"surface":"questo","lemma":"questo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cavallo","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"cavallo","lemma":"cavallo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of rubato","gloss":"horse"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"gli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of dissero","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"dissero","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":79,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p35-s6","source":"Egli protestò.","translation":"He protested.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Egli","lemma":"egli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of protestò","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"protestò","lemma":"protestare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"protested"}]},{"number":80,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p35-s7","source":"Ma i due carabinieri, che forse avevano paura di incontrare il bandito, presero mio figlio, lo legarono, lo portarono in carcere.","translation":"But the two carabinieri, who were perhaps afraid of running into the bandit, seized my son, tied him up, and carried him off to prison.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of carabinieri","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"due","lemma":"due","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies carabinieri","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"carabinieri","lemma":"carabiniere","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of presero","gloss":"carabinieri"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of avevano","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"forse","lemma":"forse","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies avevano","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"avevano","lemma":"avere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"verb of the relative clause modifying carabinieri","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"paura","lemma":"paura","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of avevano","gloss":"fear"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of incontrare","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"incontrare","lemma":"incontrare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying paura","gloss":"running into"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of bandito","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"bandito","lemma":"bandito","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of incontrare","gloss":"bandit"},{"surface":"presero","lemma":"prendere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence, coordinated with legarono and portarono","gloss":"seized"},{"surface":"mio","lemma":"mio","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on figlio","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"figlio","lemma":"figlio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of presero","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of legarono","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"legarono","lemma":"legare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with presero and portarono","gloss":"tied"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of portarono","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"portarono","lemma":"portare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with presero and legarono","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking carcere","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"carcere","lemma":"carcere","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of portarono","gloss":"prison"}]},{"number":81,"label":"36","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p36-s1","source":"— Siete pur malizioso, zio Pascale! — osservò Lixia.","translation":"\"You're quite the sly one, uncle Pascale!\" observed Lixia.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Siete","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, plural","role":"copula linking to malizioso","gloss":"You're"},{"surface":"pur","lemma":"pure","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies malizioso","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"malizioso","lemma":"malizioso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of Siete","gloss":"sly"},{"surface":"zio","lemma":"zio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"vocative, head of the phrase","gloss":"uncle"},{"surface":"Pascale","lemma":"Pascale","morphology":"proper noun","role":"in apposition to zio","gloss":"Pascale"},{"surface":"osservò","lemma":"osservare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"observed"},{"surface":"Lixia","lemma":"Lixia","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of osservò","gloss":"Lixia"}]},{"number":82,"label":"37","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p37-s1","source":"Ma il vecchio tossiva, con gli occhi fuori delle orbite e la barba bagnata da fili di bava sanguigna, e non udì l’osservazione dello studente.","translation":"But the old man was coughing, his eyes bulging from their sockets and his beard wet with threads of bloody spittle, and he did not hear the student's remark.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vecchio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vecchio","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of tossiva","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"tossiva","lemma":"tossire","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was coughing"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking occhi","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of occhi","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"occhi","lemma":"occhio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of con, describes vecchio","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"fuori","lemma":"fuori","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition marking orbite","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"delle","lemma":"di il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of orbite","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"orbite","lemma":"orbita","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"object of fuori, complement of occhi","gloss":"sockets"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of barba","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"barba","lemma":"barba","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with occhi","gloss":"beard"},{"surface":"bagnata","lemma":"bagnare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, feminine, singular","role":"modifies barba","gloss":"wet"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fili","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"fili","lemma":"filo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"agent of bagnata","gloss":"threads"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bava","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"bava","lemma":"bava","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of di, complement of fili","gloss":"spittle"},{"surface":"sanguigna","lemma":"sanguigno","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies bava","gloss":"bloody"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies udì","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"udì","lemma":"udire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with tossiva","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of osservazione","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"osservazione","lemma":"osservazione","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of udì","gloss":"remark"},{"surface":"dello","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking studente","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"studente","lemma":"studente","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies osservazione","gloss":"student's"}]},{"number":83,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p37-s2","source":"Quando la tosse passò, egli riprese a parlare, sempre fermo sotto il muro, ritto, con la falciuola in mano come l’immagine della Morte.","translation":"When the coughing passed, he took up speaking again, still standing beneath the wall, upright, sickle in hand, like the image of Death.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quando","lemma":"quando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of passò","gloss":"When"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of tosse","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tosse","lemma":"tosse","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of passò","gloss":"coughing"},{"surface":"passò","lemma":"passare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on riprese","gloss":"passed"},{"surface":"egli","lemma":"egli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of riprese","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"riprese","lemma":"riprendere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"took up again"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of parlare","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"parlare","lemma":"parlare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of riprese","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"sempre","lemma":"sempre","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fermo","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"fermo","lemma":"fermo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"describes egli, coordinated with ritto","gloss":"motionless"},{"surface":"sotto","lemma":"sotto","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking muro","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of muro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"muro","lemma":"muro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of sotto, complement of fermo","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"ritto","lemma":"ritto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with fermo, describes egli","gloss":"upright"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking falciuola","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of falciuola","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"falciuola","lemma":"falciuola","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of con, describes egli","gloss":"sickle"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mano","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"mano","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of in, forms phrase with falciuola","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking immagine","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of immagine","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"immagine","lemma":"immagine","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of come, describes egli","gloss":"image"},{"surface":"della","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Morte","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Morte","lemma":"morte","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies immagine","gloss":"Death"}]},{"number":84,"label":"38","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p38-s1","source":"— San Francesco mio d’argento, che tosse indiavolata!","translation":"\"My silver Saint Francis, what a devilish cough!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"San","lemma":"San","morphology":"proper noun","role":"title modifying Francesco","gloss":"Saint"},{"surface":"Francesco","lemma":"Francesco","morphology":"proper noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Francis"},{"surface":"mio","lemma":"mio","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Francesco","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking argento","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"argento","lemma":"argento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Francesco","gloss":"silver"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of tosse","gloss":"what a"},{"surface":"tosse","lemma":"tosse","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the exclamative phrase","gloss":"cough"},{"surface":"indiavolata","lemma":"indiavolato","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies tosse","gloss":"devilish"}]},{"number":85,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p38-s2","source":"Sì, mio figlio morì in carcere, quando stava per finire la sua condanna.","translation":"Yes, my son died in prison, just as he was about to finish his sentence.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sì","lemma":"sì","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"Yes"},{"surface":"mio","lemma":"mio","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on figlio","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"figlio","lemma":"figlio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of morì","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"morì","lemma":"morire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"died"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking carcere","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"carcere","lemma":"carcere","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of morì","gloss":"prison"},{"surface":"quando","lemma":"quando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of stava","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"stava","lemma":"stare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on morì","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of finire","gloss":"about to"},{"surface":"finire","lemma":"finire","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of stava per","gloss":"finish"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of condanna","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sua","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"depends on condanna","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"condanna","lemma":"condanna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of finire","gloss":"sentence"}]},{"number":86,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p38-s3","source":"Basta; mi lasciò due ragazzi.","translation":"Well; he left me two children.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Basta","lemma":"bastare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"discourse marker, interjection","gloss":"Well"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"indirect object of lasciò","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"lasciò","lemma":"lasciare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"due","lemma":"due","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies ragazzi","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"ragazzi","lemma":"ragazzo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of lasciò","gloss":"children"}]},{"number":87,"label":"39","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p39-s1","source":"— Perchè, era ammogliato?","translation":"\"Why, was he married?\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Perchè","lemma":"perché","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ammogliato","gloss":"Why"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of ammogliato","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ammogliato","lemma":"ammogliare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"married"}]},{"number":88,"label":"40","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p40-s1","source":"— Era vedovo.","translation":"\"He was a widower.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to vedovo","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"vedovo","lemma":"vedovo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"widower"}]},{"number":89,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p40-s2","source":"Ebbene, due ragazzi; un maschio ed una femmina.","translation":"Well then, two children; a boy and a girl.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ebbene","lemma":"ebbene","morphology":"interjection","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Well then"},{"surface":"due","lemma":"due","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies ragazzi","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"ragazzi","lemma":"ragazzo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"follows Ebbene as the main clause","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of maschio","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"maschio","lemma":"maschio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"ed","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of femmina","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"femmina","lemma":"femmina","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with maschio","gloss":"girl"}]},{"number":90,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p40-s3","source":"Il ragazzo andò via con un magnano girovago e non lo vidi mai più.","translation":"The boy went off with a traveling tinker and I never saw him again.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"magnano girovago","title":"«magnano girovago»","body":"A «magnano» is a traveling tinker or locksmith who mends pots and locks door to door; «girovago» ('wandering') underlines his itinerant trade, a common figure in old rural Italy."}],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of ragazzo","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"ragazzo","lemma":"ragazzo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of andò","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"andò","lemma":"andare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"via","lemma":"via","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies andò","gloss":"off"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking magnano","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of magnano","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"magnano","lemma":"magnano","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of andò","gloss":"tinker"},{"surface":"girovago","lemma":"girovago","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies magnano","gloss":"traveling"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vidi","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of vidi","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"vidi","lemma":"vedere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with andò","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"mai","lemma":"mai","morphology":"adverb","role":"combines with non to negate vidi","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"più","lemma":"più","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mai (mai più = never again)","gloss":"again"}]},{"number":91,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p40-s4","source":"La ragazza, Maria Annicca, andò a servire in casa del sindaco.","translation":"The girl, Maria Annicca, went into service in the mayor's household.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ragazza","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"ragazza","lemma":"ragazza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of andò","gloss":"girl"},{"surface":"Maria","lemma":"Maria","morphology":"proper noun","role":"in apposition to ragazza","gloss":"Maria"},{"surface":"Annicca","lemma":"Annicca","morphology":"proper noun","role":"depends on Maria","gloss":"Annicca"},{"surface":"andò","lemma":"andare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of servire","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"servire","lemma":"servire","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of andò","gloss":"serve"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking casa","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"casa","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of servire","gloss":"household"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sindaco","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"sindaco","lemma":"sindaco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies casa","gloss":"mayor"}]},{"number":92,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p40-s5","source":"Tu lo conosci, Marcu Virdis…. eh, lo conosci?","translation":"You know him, Marcu Virdis…. eh, you know him?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of conosci","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of conosci","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"conosci","lemma":"conoscere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"Marcu","lemma":"Marcu","morphology":"proper noun","role":"vocative address","gloss":"Marcu"},{"surface":"Virdis","lemma":"Virdis","morphology":"proper noun","role":"depends on Marcu","gloss":"Virdis"},{"surface":"eh","lemma":"eh","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"eh"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of conosci","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"conosci","lemma":"conoscere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"}]},{"number":93,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p40-s6","source":"Quel riccone.","translation":"That rich man.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quel","lemma":"quello","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of riccone","gloss":"That"},{"surface":"riccone","lemma":"riccone","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"rich man"}]},{"number":94,"label":"41","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p41-s1","source":"— Eh, diavolo, è mio zio!","translation":"\"Eh, devil take it, he's my uncle!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Eh","lemma":"eh","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"Eh"},{"surface":"diavolo","lemma":"diavolo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"interjection, discourse marker","gloss":"devil take it"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to zio","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"mio","lemma":"mio","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on zio","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"zio","lemma":"zio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"uncle"}]},{"number":95,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p41-s2","source":"Ebbene?","translation":"Well?\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ebbene","lemma":"ebbene","morphology":"interjection","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Well"}]},{"number":96,"label":"42","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p42-s1","source":"— Ebbene, pazienza.","translation":"\"Well, patience.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ebbene","lemma":"ebbene","morphology":"interjection","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Well"},{"surface":"pazienza","lemma":"pazienza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with Ebbene","gloss":"patience"}]},{"number":97,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p42-s2","source":"La ragazza era una palma d’argento; era la luce degli occhi miei.","translation":"The girl was a silver palm-tree; she was the light of my eyes.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ragazza","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"ragazza","lemma":"ragazza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of palma","gloss":"girl"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to palma","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of palma","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"palma","lemma":"palma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"palm-tree"},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking argento","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"argento","lemma":"argento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies palma","gloss":"silver"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to luce","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of luce","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"luce","lemma":"luce","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"degli","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking occhi","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"occhi","lemma":"occhio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies luce","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"miei","lemma":"mio","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"depends on occhi","gloss":"my"}]},{"number":98,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p42-s3","source":"Ma fu molto leggera.","translation":"But she was very careless.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"fu","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to leggera","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"molto","lemma":"molto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies leggera","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"leggera","lemma":"leggero","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"careless"}]},{"number":99,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p42-s4","source":"Ebbe un figlio dal padrone.","translation":"She had a child by her master.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ebbe","lemma":"avere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of figlio","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"figlio","lemma":"figlio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of Ebbe","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"dal","lemma":"da il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking padrone","gloss":"by the"},{"surface":"padrone","lemma":"padrone","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Ebbe","gloss":"master"}]},{"number":100,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p42-s5","source":"Ma non sapeva ella che Marcu Virdis era un riccone?","translation":"But didn't she know that Marcu Virdis was a rich man?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sapeva","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"sapeva","lemma":"sapere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"ella","lemma":"ella","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of sapeva","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of riccone","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Marcu","lemma":"Marcu","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of riccone","gloss":"Marcu"},{"surface":"Virdis","lemma":"Virdis","morphology":"proper noun","role":"depends on Marcu","gloss":"Virdis"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to riccone","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of riccone","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"riccone","lemma":"riccone","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of era","gloss":"rich man"}]},{"number":101,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p42-s6","source":"Che non poteva sposarla?","translation":"That he couldn't marry her?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of poteva","gloss":"That"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies poteva","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"poteva","lemma":"potere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of sposarla","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"sposarla","lemma":"sposare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"marry her","note":"Infinitive sposare with the attached clitic pronoun -la, \"her\"."}]},{"number":102,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p42-s7","source":"San Francesco mio d’argento, pazienza!","translation":"My silver Saint Francis, patience!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"San","lemma":"San","morphology":"proper noun","role":"title modifying Francesco","gloss":"Saint"},{"surface":"Francesco","lemma":"Francesco","morphology":"proper noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Francis"},{"surface":"mio","lemma":"mio","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Francesco","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking argento","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"argento","lemma":"argento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Francesco","gloss":"silver"},{"surface":"pazienza","lemma":"pazienza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with Francesco","gloss":"patience"}]},{"number":103,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p42-s8","source":"Il Signore le avrà perdonato, come le perdonai io.","translation":"The Lord will have forgiven her, as I forgave her.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"avrà perdonato","title":"Futuro anteriore of probability","body":"«avrà perdonato» ('will have forgiven') is the future perfect used here not for a literal future event but to express a present conjecture about the past — 'he has probably forgiven her'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Signore","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"Signore","lemma":"signore","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of perdonato","gloss":"Lord"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"pronoun, feminine","role":"indirect object of perdonato","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"avrà","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of perdonato","gloss":"will have"},{"surface":"perdonato","lemma":"perdonare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"forgiven"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of perdonai","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"indirect object of perdonai","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"perdonai","lemma":"perdonare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on perdonato","gloss":"forgave"},{"surface":"io","lemma":"io","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of perdonai","gloss":"I"}]},{"number":104,"label":"43","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p43-s1","source":"— Dove si trova ora?","translation":"\"Where is she now?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"si trova","title":"The reflexive verb «trovarsi»","body":"«dove si trova» uses «trovarsi» ('to find oneself', i.e. 'to be located') — an inherently reflexive verb, here in the third person singular with a specific implied subject (the girl). Italian routinely asks where someone is with «trovarsi»: literally 'where does she find herself now?'"}],"words":[{"surface":"Dove","lemma":"dove","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies trova","gloss":"Where"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"expletive with trova","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"trova","lemma":"trovare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ora","lemma":"ora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies trova","gloss":"now"}]},{"number":105,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p43-s2","source":"Ah, mi sembra d’aver già sentito questa storia!","translation":"Ah, it seems to me I've already heard this story!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ah","lemma":"ah","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"Ah"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, first-person, singular","role":"indirect object of sembra","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"sembra","lemma":"sembrare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seems"},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the infinitive clause of aver sentito","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"aver","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of sentito","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"già","lemma":"già","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sentito","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"sentito","lemma":"sentire","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of sembra","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"questa","lemma":"questo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of storia","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"storia","lemma":"storia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of sentito","gloss":"story"}]},{"number":106,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p43-s3","source":"Ella è morta, non è vero?","translation":"She's dead, isn't she?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ella","lemma":"ella","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of morta","gloss":"She"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of morta","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"morta","lemma":"morire","morphology":"verb, past, participle, feminine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"dead"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vero","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to vero","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"vero","lemma":"vero","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate adjective of è in the tag question","gloss":"true"}]},{"number":107,"label":"44","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p44-s1","source":"— È morta.","translation":"\"She's dead.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"È","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of morta","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"morta","lemma":"morire","morphology":"verb, past, participle, feminine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"dead"}]},{"number":108,"label":"45","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p45-s1","source":"— E il figlio?","translation":"\"And the child?\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"E","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of figlio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"figlio","lemma":"figlio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"child"}]},{"number":109,"label":"46","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p46-s1","source":"— Sta con me; ma è tanto cattivo!","translation":"\"He's with me; but he's so unruly!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sta","lemma":"stare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking me","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"me","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of Sta","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to cattivo","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"tanto","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies cattivo","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"cattivo","lemma":"cattivo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"unruly"}]},{"number":110,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p46-s2","source":"Un diavoletto!","translation":"A little devil!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of diavoletto","gloss":"A"},{"surface":"diavoletto","lemma":"diavoletto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"little devil"}]},{"number":111,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p46-s3","source":"Non vuol lavorare, non mi aiuta, niente!","translation":"He won't work, he doesn't help me, nothing!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vuol","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"vuol","lemma":"volere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of lavorare","gloss":"wants"},{"surface":"lavorare","lemma":"lavorare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies aiuta","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, first-person, singular","role":"indirect object of aiuta","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"aiuta","lemma":"aiutare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with lavorare","gloss":"helps"},{"surface":"niente","lemma":"niente","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"elliptical exclamation, coordinated with aiuta","gloss":"nothing"}]},{"number":112,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p46-s4","source":"Ebbene, pazienza.","translation":"Well, patience.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ebbene","lemma":"ebbene","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Well"},{"surface":"pazienza","lemma":"pazienza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with Ebbene","gloss":"patience"}]},{"number":113,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p46-s5","source":"Il mio più grande tormento è il pensare a ciò che diverrà questa creatura.","translation":"My greatest torment is thinking about what will become of this creature.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tormento","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"mio","lemma":"mio","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"modifies tormento","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"più","lemma":"più","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies grande","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"grande","lemma":"grande","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies tormento","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"tormento","lemma":"tormento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of è","gloss":"torment"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to pensare","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pensare","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pensare","lemma":"pensare","morphology":"verb, infinitive, used as a noun","role":"predicate complement of è","gloss":"thinking","note":"\"il pensare\" is a substantivized infinitive functioning as a noun (\"the thinking\")."},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ciò","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"ciò","lemma":"ciò","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of pensare, antecedent of che","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"predicate complement of diverrà, referring to ciò","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"diverrà","lemma":"divenire","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on ciò","gloss":"will become"},{"surface":"questa","lemma":"questo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of creatura","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"creatura","lemma":"creatura","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of diverrà","gloss":"creature"}]},{"number":114,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p46-s6","source":"Che avverrà di lui, senza parenti, povero e solo?","translation":"What will become of him, without relatives, poor and alone?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of avverrà","gloss":"What"},{"surface":"avverrà","lemma":"avvenire","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will become"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lui","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"lui","lemma":"lui","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of avverrà","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"senza","lemma":"senza","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking parenti","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"parenti","lemma":"parente","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"oblique complement of avverrà","gloss":"relatives"},{"surface":"povero","lemma":"povero","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate adjective describing lui, coordinated with solo","gloss":"poor"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"solo","lemma":"solo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with povero","gloss":"alone"}]},{"number":115,"label":"47","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p47-s1","source":"— Zio Pascale, — disse Lixia come inspirato, — non datevi pensiero!","translation":"\"Uncle Pascale,\" said Lixia, as if inspired, \"don't give it a thought!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Zio","lemma":"zio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"title, vocative address (with Pascale)","gloss":"Uncle"},{"surface":"Pascale","lemma":"Pascale","morphology":"proper noun","role":"appositive to Zio, vocative address","gloss":"Pascale"},{"surface":"disse","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the reporting clause","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"Lixia","lemma":"Lixia","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of disse","gloss":"Lixia"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of inspirato","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"inspirato","lemma":"ispirare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial clause modifying disse","gloss":"inspired"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies datevi","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"datevi","lemma":"darsi","morphology":"verb, present, imperative, second-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"give yourselves","note":"\"non datevi pensiero\" is the idiom \"don't worry / don't give it a thought\"."},{"surface":"pensiero","lemma":"pensiero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of datevi","gloss":"a thought"}]},{"number":116,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p47-s2","source":"Il mondo cammina.","translation":"The world is moving forward.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mondo","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"mondo","lemma":"mondo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of cammina","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"cammina","lemma":"camminare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is moving"}]},{"number":117,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p47-s3","source":"Al di là del mare, in Continente, gli uomini vogliono diventare tutti eguali; fra venti o trenta anni, forse prima, non ci saranno più nè ricchi nè poveri; cioè tutti gli uomini lavoreranno e tutti avranno da vivere comodamente.","translation":"Across the sea, on the mainland, men want to become all equal; in twenty or thirty years, maybe sooner, there will no longer be rich or poor; that is, all men will work and all will have enough to live comfortably.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Continente","title":"«il Continente»","body":"Sardinians traditionally call peninsular Italy «il Continente» ('the mainland'), marking the island's sense of separateness from the rest of the country — Lixia's socialist vision belongs to that outside world."}],"words":[{"surface":"Al","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom al di là di (beyond)","gloss":"Across","note":"\"al di là di\" is an idiom meaning \"beyond/across\"."},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom al di là di","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"là","lemma":"là","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the idiom al di là di, modifies mare","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mare","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"mare","lemma":"mare","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of the preposition (al) di là del","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Continente","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"Continente","lemma":"Continente","morphology":"proper noun","role":"locative complement, parallel to al di là del mare","gloss":"mainland"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of uomini","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"uomini","lemma":"uomo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of diventare","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"vogliono","lemma":"volere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of diventare","gloss":"want"},{"surface":"diventare","lemma":"diventare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to become"},{"surface":"tutti","lemma":"tutto","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"floating quantifier modifying uomini, modifies eguali","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"eguali","lemma":"eguale","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"complement of diventare","gloss":"equal"},{"surface":"fra","lemma":"fra","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking anni","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"venti","lemma":"venti","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies anni","gloss":"twenty"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"trenta","lemma":"trenta","morphology":"numeral","role":"coordinated with venti","gloss":"thirty"},{"surface":"anni","lemma":"anno","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of saranno","gloss":"years"},{"surface":"forse","lemma":"forse","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies prima","gloss":"maybe"},{"surface":"prima","lemma":"prima","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies saranno","gloss":"sooner"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies saranno","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ci","lemma":"ci","morphology":"pronoun","role":"expletive with saranno","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"saranno","lemma":"essere","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"più","lemma":"più","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies saranno","gloss":"any longer"},{"surface":"nè","lemma":"nè","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"ricchi","lemma":"ricco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"predicate complement of saranno, coordinated with poveri","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"nè","lemma":"nè","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"poveri","lemma":"povero","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with ricchi","gloss":"poor"},{"surface":"cioè","lemma":"cioè","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the following clause","gloss":"that is"},{"surface":"tutti","lemma":"tutto","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"depends on uomini","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of uomini","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"uomini","lemma":"uomo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of lavoreranno","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"lavoreranno","lemma":"lavorare","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will work"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tutti","lemma":"tutto","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of avranno","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"avranno","lemma":"avere","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with lavoreranno","gloss":"will have"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of vivere","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"vivere","lemma":"vivere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of avranno","gloss":"live"},{"surface":"comodamente","lemma":"comodamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vivere","gloss":"comfortably"}]},{"number":118,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p47-s4","source":"Anche qui, in Sardegna, arriverà questa legge.","translation":"Even here, in Sardinia, this law will arrive.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Anche","lemma":"anche","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies qui","gloss":"Even"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies arriverà","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Sardegna","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Sardegna","lemma":"Sardegna","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of arriverà","gloss":"Sardinia"},{"surface":"arriverà","lemma":"arrivare","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will arrive"},{"surface":"questa","lemma":"questo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of legge","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"legge","lemma":"legge","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of arriverà","gloss":"law"}]},{"number":119,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p47-s5","source":"Non datevi pensiero per vostro nipote; quando egli sarà vecchio non si trascinerà come voi, per le lande incolte, a rischio di morire nel deserto e di esser divorato dai corvi.","translation":"Don't worry about your grandson; when he is old he won't drag himself along like you, over the untilled moors, at risk of dying in that wilderness and being devoured by crows.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies datevi","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"datevi","lemma":"darsi","morphology":"verb, present, imperative, second-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"give yourselves","note":"\"non datevi pensiero\" is the idiom \"don't worry / don't give it a thought\"."},{"surface":"pensiero","lemma":"pensiero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of datevi","gloss":"a thought"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nipote","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"vostro","lemma":"vostro","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on nipote","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"nipote","lemma":"nipote","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"oblique complement of datevi","gloss":"grandson"},{"surface":"quando","lemma":"quando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vecchio","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"egli","lemma":"egli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of vecchio","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"sarà","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to vecchio","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"vecchio","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate adjective of sarà","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies trascinerà","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"reflexive object of trascinerà","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"trascinerà","lemma":"trascinare","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will drag"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking voi","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"voi","lemma":"voi","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"oblique complement of trascinerà","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lande","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of lande","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"lande","lemma":"landa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of trascinerà","gloss":"moors"},{"surface":"incolte","lemma":"incolto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies lande","gloss":"untilled"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rischio","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"rischio","lemma":"rischio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial complement of trascinerà","gloss":"risk"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of morire","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"morire","lemma":"morire","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of rischio","gloss":"dying"},{"surface":"nel","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking deserto","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"deserto","lemma":"deserto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of morire","gloss":"wilderness"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of divorato","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"esser","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"passive auxiliary of divorato","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"divorato","lemma":"divorare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with morire","gloss":"devoured"},{"surface":"dai","lemma":"da il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking corvi","gloss":"by the"},{"surface":"corvi","lemma":"corvo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"agent of divorato","gloss":"crows"}]},{"number":120,"label":"48","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p48-s1","source":"Il vecchio ascoltava; scuoteva tristamente la testa e gemeva, reprimendo un nuovo scoppio di tosse che gli sollevava il petto.","translation":"The old man listened; he shook his head sadly and groaned, suppressing a new burst of coughing that heaved his chest.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vecchio","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"vecchio","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of ascoltava","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"ascoltava","lemma":"ascoltare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"listened"},{"surface":"scuoteva","lemma":"scuotere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the coordinated clause","gloss":"shook"},{"surface":"tristamente","lemma":"tristamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies scuoteva","gloss":"sadly"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of testa","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"testa","lemma":"testa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of scuoteva","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gemeva","lemma":"gemere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with scuoteva","gloss":"groaned"},{"surface":"reprimendo","lemma":"reprimere","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on gemeva","gloss":"suppressing"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of scoppio","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"nuovo","lemma":"nuovo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies scoppio","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"scoppio","lemma":"scoppio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of reprimendo","gloss":"burst"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tosse","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"tosse","lemma":"tosse","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies scoppio","gloss":"coughing"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of sollevava","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"gli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of sollevava (dative of possession)","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"sollevava","lemma":"sollevare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on tosse","gloss":"heaved"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of petto","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"petto","lemma":"petto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of sollevava","gloss":"chest"}]},{"number":121,"label":"49","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p49-s1","source":"— Abbiate pazienza, — proseguì Lixia, infervorandosi nella sua parte di apostolo.","translation":"\"Have patience,\" Lixia went on, warming to his part as an apostle.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Abbiate","lemma":"avere","morphology":"verb, present, imperative, second-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Have"},{"surface":"pazienza","lemma":"pazienza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of Abbiate","gloss":"patience"},{"surface":"proseguì","lemma":"proseguire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the reporting clause","gloss":"went on"},{"surface":"Lixia","lemma":"Lixia","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of proseguì","gloss":"Lixia"},{"surface":"infervorandosi","lemma":"infervorarsi","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on proseguì","gloss":"warming"},{"surface":"nella","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking parte","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sua","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"depends on parte","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"parte","lemma":"parte","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of infervorandosi","gloss":"part"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking apostolo","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"apostolo","lemma":"apostolo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies parte","gloss":"apostle"}]},{"number":122,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p49-s2","source":"— I tempi cambieranno.","translation":"\"The times will change.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"I","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of tempi","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"tempi","lemma":"tempo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of cambieranno","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"cambieranno","lemma":"cambiare","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will change"}]},{"number":123,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p49-s3","source":"In tutto il mondo, e quindi anche in Sardegna, non ci saranno più poveri, non ci saranno più malfattori, più invidiosi, più farabutti come il mio parente Virdis, più carabinieri, più bambini che faranno morir disperati i vecchi infelici.","translation":"In the whole world, and so in Sardinia too, there will no longer be any poor, there will no longer be wrongdoers, envious men, scoundrels like my relative Virdis, carabinieri, or children who let poor old wretches die in despair.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"In","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mondo","gloss":"In"},{"surface":"tutto","lemma":"tutto","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on mondo","gloss":"the whole"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mondo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mondo","lemma":"mondo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of saranno","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"quindi","lemma":"quindi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies anche in Sardegna","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"anche","lemma":"anche","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Sardegna","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Sardegna","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Sardegna","lemma":"Sardegna","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with mondo","gloss":"Sardinia"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies saranno","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ci","lemma":"ci","morphology":"pronoun","role":"expletive with saranno","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"saranno","lemma":"essere","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"existential main verb (ci saranno = there will be), poveri is its notional subject, not a copula predicate","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"più","lemma":"più","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies poveri (with non: no longer)","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"poveri","lemma":"povero","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of saranno","gloss":"poor"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies saranno","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ci","lemma":"ci","morphology":"pronoun","role":"expletive with saranno","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"saranno","lemma":"essere","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"existential verb of the second coordinated clause (parallel to the first saranno, w12), not coordinated with itself","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"più","lemma":"più","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies malfattori (with non: no longer)","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"malfattori","lemma":"malfattore","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of saranno","gloss":"wrongdoers"},{"surface":"più","lemma":"più","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies invidiosi (with non: no longer)","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"invidiosi","lemma":"invidioso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with malfattori","gloss":"envious men"},{"surface":"più","lemma":"più","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies farabutti (with non: no longer)","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"farabutti","lemma":"farabutto","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with malfattori","gloss":"scoundrels"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking parente","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of parente","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mio","lemma":"mio","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on parente","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"parente","lemma":"parente","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"complement of come","gloss":"relative"},{"surface":"Virdis","lemma":"Virdis","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies parente","gloss":"Virdis"},{"surface":"più","lemma":"più","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies carabinieri (with non: no longer)","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"carabinieri","lemma":"carabiniere","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with malfattori","gloss":"carabinieri"},{"surface":"più","lemma":"più","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bambini (with non: no longer)","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"bambini","lemma":"bambino","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with malfattori","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of faranno","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"faranno","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"causative verb governing morir","gloss":"will make","note":"Causative fare + infinitive ('faranno morire') = 'will cause to die/will let die'."},{"surface":"morir","lemma":"morire","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of faranno","gloss":"die","note":"Apocopated (truncated) form of morire, common before a following word in literary Italian."},{"surface":"disperati","lemma":"disperato","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"predicate complement modifying vecchi","gloss":"in despair"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of vecchi","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vecchi","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of faranno (causee; notional subject of morir, which is intransitive)","gloss":"old ones"},{"surface":"infelici","lemma":"infelice","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies vecchi","gloss":"wretched"}]},{"number":124,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p49-s4","source":"Qui dove crescono le scope, in questi campi desolati, ebbene, vedete, qui, proprio qui, si vedranno verdeggiare le vigne, gli orti, i chiusi….","translation":"Here where the broom grows, in these desolate fields, well, you'll see, right here, exactly here, vineyards, gardens, and enclosed fields will be seen turning green....","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vedranno","gloss":"Here"},{"surface":"dove","lemma":"dove","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies crescono","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"crescono","lemma":"crescere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"verb of the relative clause modifying Qui","gloss":"grows"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of scope","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"scope","lemma":"scopa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of crescono","gloss":"broom","note":"Scopa here is the broom plant (Sardinian scrub), not the household tool."},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking campi","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"questi","lemma":"questo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of campi","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"campi","lemma":"campo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"locative complement of crescono","gloss":"fields"},{"surface":"desolati","lemma":"desolato","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies campi","gloss":"desolate"},{"surface":"ebbene","lemma":"ebbene","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker in the main clause","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"vedete","lemma":"vedere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, plural","role":"parenthetical verb addressing the reader","gloss":"you see"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vedete","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"proprio","lemma":"proprio","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies qui","gloss":"exactly"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vedete","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"passive marker with vedranno","gloss":"(will be seen)"},{"surface":"vedranno","lemma":"vedere","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will see"},{"surface":"verdeggiare","lemma":"verdeggiare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of vedranno","gloss":"turning green"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of vigne","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vigne","lemma":"vigna","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of verdeggiare","gloss":"vineyards"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of orti","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"orti","lemma":"orto","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with vigne","gloss":"gardens"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of chiusi","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"chiusi","lemma":"chiuso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with vigne","gloss":"enclosed fields"}]},{"number":125,"label":"50","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p50-s1","source":"— Ebbene, pazienza, — interruppe il vecchio scoparo, — vuol dire che le vigne e gli orti e i chiusi saranno dei ricconi: i poveri non avranno mai niente, neppure le scope avranno, allora!","translation":"\"Well, patience,\" interrupted the old broom-gatherer, \"that means the vineyards and gardens and enclosed fields will belong to the rich: the poor will never have anything, not even the broom will they have, then!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ebbene","lemma":"ebbene","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker beginning the quoted speech","gloss":"Well"},{"surface":"pazienza","lemma":"pazienza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"exclamation within the quoted speech","gloss":"patience"},{"surface":"interruppe","lemma":"interrompere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"interrupted"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of scoparo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vecchio","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies scoparo","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"scoparo","lemma":"scoparo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of interruppe","gloss":"broom-gatherer"},{"surface":"vuol","lemma":"volere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the quoted clause (vuol dire = means)","gloss":"means"},{"surface":"dire","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of vuol","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of saranno","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of vigne","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vigne","lemma":"vigna","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of saranno","gloss":"vineyards"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of orti","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"orti","lemma":"orto","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with vigne","gloss":"gardens"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of chiusi","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"chiusi","lemma":"chiuso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with vigne","gloss":"enclosed fields"},{"surface":"saranno","lemma":"essere","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to ricconi","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"dei","lemma":"di","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"preposition marking ricconi; essere di = to belong to, so saranno dei ricconi = will belong to the rich","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"ricconi","lemma":"riccone","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"predicate complement of saranno","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of poveri","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"poveri","lemma":"povero","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of avranno","gloss":"poor"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies avranno","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"avranno","lemma":"avere","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will have"},{"surface":"mai","lemma":"mai","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies avranno","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"niente","lemma":"niente","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of avranno","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"neppure","lemma":"neppure","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies scope (focus particle on the noun phrase: not even the broom)","gloss":"not even"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of scope","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"scope","lemma":"scopa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of avranno","gloss":"broom"},{"surface":"avranno","lemma":"avere","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"second avranno, coordinated with the first avranno (w24), not with itself","gloss":"will have"},{"surface":"allora","lemma":"allora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies avranno","gloss":"then"}]},{"number":126,"label":"","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p50-s2","source":"San Francesco mio d’argento….","translation":"My silver Saint Francis....","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"San","lemma":"San","morphology":"proper noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Saint"},{"surface":"Francesco","lemma":"Francesco","morphology":"proper noun","role":"depends on San","gloss":"Francis"},{"surface":"mio","lemma":"mio","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"modifies San","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking argento","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"argento","lemma":"argento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies San","gloss":"silver"}]},{"number":127,"label":"51","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p51-s1","source":"E ricominciò a tossire.","translation":"And he began coughing again.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"E","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"ricominciò","lemma":"ricominciare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"began again"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of tossire","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"tossire","lemma":"tossire","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of ricominciò","gloss":"coughing"}]},{"number":128,"label":"52","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p52-s1","source":"Dall’alto del muro rossiccio lo studente allargò le braccia e guardò il cielo disperatamente.","translation":"From atop the reddish wall the student spread his arms and looked at the sky in despair.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dall’","lemma":"da il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking alto","gloss":"from the"},{"surface":"alto","lemma":"alto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"locative complement of allargò","gloss":"top"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking muro","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"muro","lemma":"muro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of alto","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"rossiccio","lemma":"rossiccio","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies muro","gloss":"reddish"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of studente","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"studente","lemma":"studente","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of allargò","gloss":"student"},{"surface":"allargò","lemma":"allargare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"spread"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of braccia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"braccia","lemma":"braccio","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of allargò","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"guardò","lemma":"guardare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with allargò","gloss":"looked at"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cielo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cielo","lemma":"cielo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of guardò","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"disperatamente","lemma":"disperatamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies guardò","gloss":"in despair"}]},{"number":129,"label":"53","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p53-s1","source":"— Essi non possono neppure capire, essi non sono neppure creature umane! — declamò.","translation":"\"They can't even understand, they aren't even human creatures!\" he declaimed.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Essi","lemma":"esso","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of possono","gloss":"They"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies possono","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"possono","lemma":"potere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of capire","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"neppure","lemma":"neppure","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies capire","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"capire","lemma":"capire","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of possono","gloss":"understand"},{"surface":"essi","lemma":"esso","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of sono","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sono","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"sono","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to creature","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"neppure","lemma":"neppure","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies creature","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"creature","lemma":"creatura","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"predicate complement of sono","gloss":"creatures"},{"surface":"umane","lemma":"umano","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies creature","gloss":"human"},{"surface":"declamò","lemma":"declamare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"declaimed"}]},{"number":130,"label":"54","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p54-s1","source":"— Mi dài qualche cosa? — domandò infine lo scoparo.","translation":"\"Will you give me something?\" the broom-gatherer finally asked.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"indirect object of dài","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"dài","lemma":"dare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"qualche","lemma":"qualche","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of cosa","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"cosa","lemma":"cosa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of dài","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"domandò","lemma":"domandare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"infine","lemma":"infine","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies domandò","gloss":"finally"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of scoparo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"scoparo","lemma":"scoparo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of domandò","gloss":"broom-gatherer"}]},{"number":131,"label":"55","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p55-s1","source":"Ma Lixia, fedele ai suoi principî, gli negò l’elemosina, e per vendicarsi il vecchio pensò:","translation":"But Lixia, faithful to his principles, refused him the alms, and to get his own back the old man thought:","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"principî","title":"Old plural spelling «-î»","body":"«principî» is the older Italian plural spelling of «principio» ('principle'), with an accented «î» marking the plural to distinguish it from the singular — a spelling convention largely abandoned in modern Italian."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"Lixia","lemma":"Lixia","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of negò","gloss":"Lixia"},{"surface":"fedele","lemma":"fedele","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Lixia","gloss":"faithful"},{"surface":"ai","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking principî","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"suoi","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"depends on principî","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"principî","lemma":"principio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of fedele","gloss":"principles","note":"Principî is an older plural spelling of principio (modern standard: principi)."},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"gli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of negò","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"negò","lemma":"negare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"refused"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of elemosina","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"elemosina","lemma":"elemosina","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of negò","gloss":"alms"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of vendicarsi","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"vendicarsi","lemma":"vendicarsi","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"purpose clause modifying pensò","gloss":"get his revenge"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vecchio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vecchio","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of pensò","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"pensò","lemma":"pensare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"}]},{"number":132,"label":"56","id":"lo-studente-e-lo-scoparo-p56-s1","source":"— Quel ragazzo è matto.","translation":"\"That boy is mad.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quel","lemma":"quello","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of ragazzo","gloss":"That"},{"surface":"ragazzo","lemma":"ragazzo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of è","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to matto","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"matto","lemma":"matto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of è","gloss":"mad"}]}]}