{"work":{"slug":"deledda","title":{"source":"I giuochi della vita","translated":"The Games of Life"},"author":"Grazia Deledda","language":"Italian","languageCode":"it","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/deledda"},"unit":{"kind":"chapter","number":null,"id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante","title":{"source":"Mentre soffia il levante","translated":"While the East Wind Blows"},"section":"The Games of Life","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/deledda/mentre-soffia-il-levante","lines":104},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/deledda/colpi-di-scure","next":null,"license":"Source text: public domain (Grazia Deledda, d. 1936; collection first published 1905). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review.","audioBase":null,"lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p1-s1","source":"Un’antica leggenda sarda afferma che il corpo degli uomini nati nella vigilia di Natale non si dissolverà mai fino alla fine dei secoli.","translation":"An ancient Sardinian legend holds that the bodies of men born on Christmas Eve will never decay until the end of the ages.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"non si dissolverà","title":"Pronominal verb + future","body":"«dissolversi» ('to dissolve, decay') is a pronominal verb; «si dissolverà» is its simple future ('will dissolve'). The legend's claim rests on this one verb: these bodies simply will not do what bodies normally do."}],"words":[{"surface":"Un’","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of leggenda","gloss":"An"},{"surface":"antica","lemma":"antico","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies leggenda","gloss":"ancient"},{"surface":"leggenda","lemma":"leggenda","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of afferma","gloss":"legend"},{"surface":"sarda","lemma":"sardo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies leggenda","gloss":"Sardinian"},{"surface":"afferma","lemma":"affermare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"holds"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of dissolverà","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of corpo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"corpo","lemma":"corpo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of dissolverà","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"degli","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking uomini","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"uomini","lemma":"uomo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies corpo","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"nati","lemma":"nascere","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, plural","role":"clause modifying uomini","gloss":"born"},{"surface":"nella","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vigilia","gloss":"on the"},{"surface":"vigilia","lemma":"vigilia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of nati","gloss":"eve"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Natale","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Natale","lemma":"Natale","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies vigilia","gloss":"Christmas"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dissolverà","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"depends on dissolverà","gloss":"itself","note":"Part of the intransitive-reflexive verb dissolversi (\"to dissolve away\"), rendered by the translation as \"decay\"."},{"surface":"dissolverà","lemma":"dissolversi","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of afferma","gloss":"will dissolve"},{"surface":"mai","lemma":"mai","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dissolverà","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"fino","lemma":"fino","morphology":"preposition, compound with a","role":"part of the compound preposition fino a, marking fine","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"a il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of fine","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fine","lemma":"fine","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of dissolverà","gloss":"end"},{"surface":"dei","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking secoli","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"secoli","lemma":"secolo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies fine","gloss":"ages"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p2-s1","source":"Si parlava appunto di ciò in casa di zio Diddinu Frau, ricco contadino, e Predu Tasca, il fidanzato della figliuola di zio Diddinu, domandava: — Ed a che serve ciò?","translation":"They were speaking of just this in the house of uncle Diddinu Frau, a rich farmer, and Predu Tasca, the fiancé of uncle Diddinu's daughter, was asking: — And what use is that?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Si parlava","title":"«si» impersonale + imperfetto","body":"«Si parlava» ('people were talking / one was talking') pairs the impersonal «si» with the imperfect, Deledda's default tense for scene-setting and ongoing background action, as opposed to the punctual passato remoto used for single completed events."}],"words":[{"surface":"Si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, impersonal","role":"depends on parlava","gloss":"They","note":"Impersonal/passive si construction (\"si parlava\" = \"one spoke\"); the translation renders the implicit subject as \"they\"."},{"surface":"parlava","lemma":"parlare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"were speaking"},{"surface":"appunto","lemma":"appunto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies parlava","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ciò","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ciò","lemma":"ciò","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of parlava","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking casa","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"casa","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of parlava","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking zio","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"zio","lemma":"zio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies casa","gloss":"uncle"},{"surface":"Diddinu","lemma":"Diddinu","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies zio","gloss":"Diddinu"},{"surface":"Frau","lemma":"Frau","morphology":"proper noun","role":"depends on Diddinu","gloss":"Frau"},{"surface":"ricco","lemma":"ricco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies contadino","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"contadino","lemma":"contadino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to zio","gloss":"farmer"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Predu","lemma":"Predu","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of domandava, coordinated with the parlava clause","gloss":"Predu"},{"surface":"Tasca","lemma":"Tasca","morphology":"proper noun","role":"depends on Predu","gloss":"Tasca"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of fidanzato","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fidanzato","lemma":"fidanzato","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to Predu","gloss":"fiancé"},{"surface":"della","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking figliuola","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"figliuola","lemma":"figliuola","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies fidanzato","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking zio","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"zio","lemma":"zio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies figliuola","gloss":"uncle"},{"surface":"Diddinu","lemma":"Diddinu","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies zio","gloss":"Diddinu"},{"surface":"domandava","lemma":"domandare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with parlava","gloss":"was asking"},{"surface":"Ed","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking che","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of serve","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"serve","lemma":"servire","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is used"},{"surface":"ciò","lemma":"ciò","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of serve","gloss":"that"}]},{"number":3,"label":"","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p2-s2","source":"Che possiamo farcene del corpo, dopo che siamo morti?","translation":"What can we do with the body, after we're dead?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of farcene","gloss":"What"},{"surface":"possiamo","lemma":"potere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of farcene","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"farcene","lemma":"farsene","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"do with it"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking corpo","gloss":"with the"},{"surface":"corpo","lemma":"corpo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of farcene","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"dopo","lemma":"dopo","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of morti","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase dopo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"siamo","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of morti","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"morti","lemma":"morire","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, plural","role":"adverbial clause on farcene","gloss":"dead"}]},{"number":4,"label":"3","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p3-s1","source":"— Ebbene, — rispose il contadino — non è una grazia divina non essere ridotti in cenere?","translation":"— Well, — the farmer answered — isn't it a divine grace not to be reduced to ashes?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ebbene","lemma":"ebbene","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker, opens the utterance","gloss":"Well"},{"surface":"rispose","lemma":"rispondere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the reporting clause","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of contadino","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"contadino","lemma":"contadino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of rispose","gloss":"farmer"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies è","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to grazia","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of grazia","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"grazia","lemma":"grazia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate noun of è","gloss":"grace"},{"surface":"divina","lemma":"divino","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies grazia","gloss":"divine"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies essere ridotti","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"essere","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"passive auxiliary of ridotti","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"ridotti","lemma":"ridurre","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, plural","role":"passive infinitive clause, subject of è","gloss":"reduced"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cenere","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"cenere","lemma":"cenere","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of ridotti","gloss":"ashes"}]},{"number":5,"label":"","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p3-s2","source":"E quando arriverà il giudizio universale, non sarà una cosa bellissima ritrovare intatto il proprio corpo?","translation":"And when the Last Judgment comes, won't it be a beautiful thing to find one's own body intact?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"E","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"quando","lemma":"quando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of arriverà","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"arriverà","lemma":"arrivare","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause introduced by quando","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of giudizio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"giudizio","lemma":"giudizio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of arriverà","gloss":"Judgment"},{"surface":"universale","lemma":"universale","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies giudizio","gloss":"universal","note":"\"Giudizio universale\" is the fixed Italian phrase for the Last Judgment, but \"universale\" itself literally means \"universal\"; the English gloss must not redistribute the idiom's \"Last\" onto this token."},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sarà","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"sarà","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to cosa","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cosa","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"cosa","lemma":"cosa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate noun of sarà","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"bellissima","lemma":"bello","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular, superlative","role":"modifies cosa","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"ritrovare","lemma":"ritrovare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying cosa","gloss":"to find"},{"surface":"intatto","lemma":"intatto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"complement of ritrovare","gloss":"intact"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of corpo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"proprio","lemma":"proprio","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on corpo","gloss":"one’s own"},{"surface":"corpo","lemma":"corpo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of ritrovare","gloss":"body"}]},{"number":6,"label":"4","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p4-s1","source":"— Poh, chi lo sa? — disse Predu con fare scettico.","translation":"— Bah, who knows? — said Predu, with a skeptical air.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Poh","lemma":"poh","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker, opens the utterance","gloss":"Bah"},{"surface":"chi","lemma":"chi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of sa","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of sa","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"sa","lemma":"sapere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the question","gloss":"knows"},{"surface":"disse","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"Predu","lemma":"Predu","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of disse","gloss":"Predu"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of fare","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"fare","lemma":"fare","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of con","gloss":"air","note":"Here \"fare\" is used as a noun (\"manner, air\"), not the infinitive verb \"fare\" (\"to do/make\")."},{"surface":"scettico","lemma":"scettico","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies fare","gloss":"skeptical"}]},{"number":7,"label":"5","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p5-s1","source":"— Senti, genero mio, — esclamò il contadino: — l’argomento è buono; vogliamo stanotte cantarlo?","translation":"— Listen, my son-in-law, — exclaimed the farmer: — the subject is a good one; shall we sing it tonight?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Senti","lemma":"sentire","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Listen"},{"surface":"genero","lemma":"genero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"son-in-law"},{"surface":"mio","lemma":"mio","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"modifies genero","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"esclamò","lemma":"esclamare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the reporting clause","gloss":"exclaimed"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of contadino","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"contadino","lemma":"contadino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of esclamò","gloss":"farmer"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of argomento","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"argomento","lemma":"argomento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of è","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to buono","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"buono","lemma":"buono","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate adjective of è","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"vogliamo","lemma":"volere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of cantarlo","gloss":"shall we","note":"\"Vogliamo\" + infinitive is used here as a suggestion (\"shall we\"), literally \"do we want to.\""},{"surface":"stanotte","lemma":"stanotte","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies cantarlo","gloss":"tonight"},{"surface":"cantarlo","lemma":"cantare lo","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of vogliamo","gloss":"sing it"}]},{"number":8,"label":"6","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p6-s1","source":"Bisogna sapere che zio Diddinu è un poeta estemporaneo, come lo erano suo padre e suo nonno; egli coglie con gioia tutte le occasioni per proporre una gara di canto estemporaneo a poeti meno abili di lui.","translation":"One should know that uncle Diddinu is an improvising poet, as his father and grandfather were before him; he seizes with joy every occasion to propose a contest of improvised song against poets less skilled than himself.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Bisogna","lemma":"bisognare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"one should"},{"surface":"sapere","lemma":"sapere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of Bisogna","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of poeta","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"zio","lemma":"zio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of poeta","gloss":"uncle"},{"surface":"Diddinu","lemma":"Diddinu","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies zio","gloss":"Diddinu"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to poeta","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of poeta","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"poeta","lemma":"poeta","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of è","gloss":"poet"},{"surface":"estemporaneo","lemma":"estemporaneo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies poeta","gloss":"improvising"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the comparative clause of erano","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate pronoun of erano, referring to poeta","gloss":"it","note":"Stands for 'poeta': 'as his father and grandfather were [it]'."},{"surface":"erano","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to padre and nonno","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"suo","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on padre","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"padre","lemma":"padre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of erano","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"suo","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on nonno","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"nonno","lemma":"nonno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with padre","gloss":"grandfather"},{"surface":"egli","lemma":"egli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of coglie","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"coglie","lemma":"cogliere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seizes"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gioia","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"gioia","lemma":"gioia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of coglie","gloss":"joy"},{"surface":"tutte","lemma":"tutto","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"depends on occasioni","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of occasioni","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"occasioni","lemma":"occasione","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of coglie","gloss":"occasions"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of proporre","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"proporre","lemma":"proporre","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on coglie","gloss":"propose"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of gara","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gara","lemma":"gara","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of proporre","gloss":"contest"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking canto","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"canto","lemma":"canto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies gara","gloss":"song"},{"surface":"estemporaneo","lemma":"estemporaneo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies canto","gloss":"improvised"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking poeti","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"poeti","lemma":"poeta","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies canto","gloss":"poets"},{"surface":"meno","lemma":"meno","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies abili","gloss":"less"},{"surface":"abili","lemma":"abile","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies poeti","gloss":"skilled"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lui","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"lui","lemma":"lui","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of abili","gloss":"himself"}]},{"number":9,"label":"7","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p7-s1","source":"— Oh, — osservò Maria Franzisca, facendo la graziosa perchè il fidanzato la osservava, — l’argomento è poco allegro.","translation":"— Oh, — observed Maria Franzisca, playing the coquette because her fiancé was watching her, — the subject is not very cheerful.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Oh","lemma":"oh","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"Oh"},{"surface":"osservò","lemma":"osservare","morphology":"verb, remote past (passato remoto), indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"observed"},{"surface":"Maria","lemma":"Maria","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of osservò","gloss":"Maria"},{"surface":"Franzisca","lemma":"Franzisca","morphology":"proper noun","role":"depends on Maria","gloss":"Franzisca"},{"surface":"facendo","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on osservò","gloss":"playing","note":"'fare la graziosa' is an idiom meaning to play coy/coquette."},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of graziosa","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"graziosa","lemma":"grazioso","morphology":"adjective (nominalized), feminine, singular","role":"direct object of facendo","gloss":"coquette"},{"surface":"perchè","lemma":"perché","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of osservava","gloss":"because","note":"Older spelling of perché."},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of fidanzato","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fidanzato","lemma":"fidanzato","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of osservava","gloss":"fiancé"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"la","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of osservava","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"osservava","lemma":"osservare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on facendo","gloss":"was watching"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of argomento","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"argomento","lemma":"argomento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of è","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to allegro","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"poco","lemma":"poco","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies allegro","gloss":"not very"},{"surface":"allegro","lemma":"allegro","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of è","gloss":"cheerful"}]},{"number":10,"label":"8","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p8-s1","source":"— Tu, sta zitta!","translation":"— You, be quiet!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of sta","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"sta","lemma":"stare","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"be","note":"'sta zitta!' is an imperative addressed to a girl/woman: 'be quiet!'."},{"surface":"zitta","lemma":"zitto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"predicate adjective of sta","gloss":"quiet"}]},{"number":11,"label":"","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p8-s2","source":"Tu andrai a letto! — gridò il padre con voce rude.","translation":"You'll go to bed! — shouted the father in a harsh voice.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of andrai","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"andrai","lemma":"andare","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will go"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking letto","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"letto","lemma":"letto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of andrai","gloss":"bed"},{"surface":"gridò","lemma":"gridare","morphology":"verb, remote past (passato remoto), indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"shouted"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of padre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"padre","lemma":"padre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of gridò","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking voce","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"voce","lemma":"voce","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of gridò","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"rude","lemma":"rude","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies voce","gloss":"harsh"}]},{"number":12,"label":"9","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p9-s1","source":"Benchè poeta, egli era un uomo rozzo, che trattava la famiglia, specialmente le figliuole, con severità quasi selvaggia.","translation":"Though a poet, he was a rough man, who treated his family, especially his daughters, with an almost savage severity.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"trattava","title":"Imperfetto for habitual action","body":"«trattava» ('used to treat / would treat') is imperfect: a repeated, ongoing way of behaving, not a single act. It describes the father's character, not a specific moment."}],"words":[{"surface":"Benchè","lemma":"benché","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the concessive clause with poeta","gloss":"Though","note":"Older spelling of benché."},{"surface":"poeta","lemma":"poeta","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement in the benché clause","gloss":"a poet"},{"surface":"egli","lemma":"egli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of era","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to uomo","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of uomo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"uomo","lemma":"uomo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of era","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"rozzo","lemma":"rozzo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies uomo","gloss":"rough"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of trattava","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"trattava","lemma":"trattare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on uomo","gloss":"treated"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of famiglia","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"famiglia","lemma":"famiglia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of trattava","gloss":"family"},{"surface":"specialmente","lemma":"specialmente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies figliuole","gloss":"especially"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of figliuole","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"figliuole","lemma":"figliuola","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"in apposition, direct object of trattava","gloss":"daughters"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking severità","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"severità","lemma":"severità","morphology":"noun, feminine","role":"oblique complement of trattava","gloss":"severity"},{"surface":"quasi","lemma":"quasi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies selvaggia","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"selvaggia","lemma":"selvaggio","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies severità","gloss":"savage"}]},{"number":13,"label":"","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p9-s2","source":"E la famiglia lo rispettava e lo temeva.","translation":"And the family respected him and feared him.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"E","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of famiglia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"famiglia","lemma":"famiglia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of rispettava","gloss":"family"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of rispettava","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"rispettava","lemma":"rispettare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"respected"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of temeva","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"temeva","lemma":"temere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with rispettava","gloss":"feared"}]},{"number":14,"label":"","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p9-s3","source":"In presenza del padre Maria Franzisca non osava neppure sedersi accanto al suo Predu (del resto la moda del paese voleva che i fidanzati stessero a rispettosa distanza) e si contentava di civettar con lui da lontano, affascinandolo con le mosse della bella persona fiorente entro il pittoresco vestito di scarlatto o di orbace, e sopratutto con gli sguardi degli ardenti occhi d’un turchino verdognolo, grandi come due mandorle mature.","translation":"In her father's presence Maria Franzisca did not even dare sit beside her Predu (besides, the custom of the village required that engaged couples keep a respectful distance), and she contented herself with flirting with him from afar, bewitching him with the movements of her lovely, blooming figure inside her picturesque dress of scarlet or of orbace, and above all with the glances of her ardent eyes of a greenish blue, big as two ripe almonds.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"In","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking presenza","gloss":"In"},{"surface":"presenza","lemma":"presenza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of osava","gloss":"presence"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition (contracted)","role":"preposition marking padre","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"padre","lemma":"padre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies presenza","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"Maria","lemma":"Maria","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of osava","gloss":"Maria"},{"surface":"Franzisca","lemma":"Franzisca","morphology":"proper noun","role":"depends on Maria","gloss":"Franzisca"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies osava","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"osava","lemma":"osare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"dared"},{"surface":"neppure","lemma":"neppure","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sedersi","gloss":"not even"},{"surface":"sedersi","lemma":"sedersi","morphology":"verb, infinitive, reflexive","role":"complement of osava","gloss":"to sit"},{"surface":"accanto","lemma":"accanto","morphology":"adverb (part of compound preposition accanto a)","role":"preposition marking Predu","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition (contracted)","role":"determiner of Predu","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"suo","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Predu","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"Predu","lemma":"Predu","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of sedersi","gloss":"Predu"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition (contracted)","role":"part of the idiom del resto","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"resto","lemma":"resto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial modifier of voleva (idiom 'del resto' = besides/moreover)","gloss":"besides","note":"'del resto' is a fixed idiom meaning 'besides/moreover'."},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of moda","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"moda","lemma":"moda","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of voleva","gloss":"custom"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition (contracted)","role":"preposition marking paese","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"paese","lemma":"paese","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies moda","gloss":"village"},{"surface":"voleva","lemma":"volere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the parenthetical clause","gloss":"required"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of stessero","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of fidanzati","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fidanzati","lemma":"fidanzato","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of stessero","gloss":"engaged couples"},{"surface":"stessero","lemma":"stare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, plural","role":"clausal complement of voleva","gloss":"keep"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking distanza","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"rispettosa","lemma":"rispettoso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies distanza","gloss":"respectful"},{"surface":"distanza","lemma":"distanza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of stessero","gloss":"distance"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"depends on contentava","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"contentava","lemma":"contentare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with osava","gloss":"contented"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of civettar","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"civettar","lemma":"civettare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of contentava","gloss":"flirting","note":"Poetic apocope of civettare."},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lui","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"lui","lemma":"lui","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of civettar","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lontano","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"lontano","lemma":"lontano","morphology":"adverb","role":"oblique complement of civettar","gloss":"afar"},{"surface":"affascinandolo","lemma":"affascinare","morphology":"verb, gerund + clitic pronoun (lo)","role":"adverbial clause on contentava","gloss":"bewitching him"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mosse","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of mosse","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mosse","lemma":"mossa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of affascinandolo, coordinated with sguardi","gloss":"movements"},{"surface":"della","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition (contracted)","role":"preposition marking persona","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"bella","lemma":"bello","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies persona","gloss":"lovely"},{"surface":"persona","lemma":"persona","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies mosse","gloss":"figure"},{"surface":"fiorente","lemma":"fiorente","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies persona","gloss":"blooming"},{"surface":"entro","lemma":"entro","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vestito","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vestito","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pittoresco","lemma":"pittoresco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies vestito","gloss":"picturesque"},{"surface":"vestito","lemma":"vestito","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies persona","gloss":"dress"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking scarlatto","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"scarlatto","lemma":"scarlatto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies vestito","gloss":"scarlet"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking orbace","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"orbace","lemma":"orbace","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with scarlatto","gloss":"orbace","note":"Orbace is a coarse traditional Sardinian wool cloth."},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sopratutto","lemma":"soprattutto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sguardi","gloss":"above all"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sguardi","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of sguardi","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sguardi","lemma":"sguardo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of affascinandolo, coordinated with mosse","gloss":"glances"},{"surface":"degli","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition (contracted)","role":"preposition marking occhi","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"ardenti","lemma":"ardente","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies occhi","gloss":"ardent"},{"surface":"occhi","lemma":"occhio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies sguardi","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking turchino","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of turchino","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"turchino","lemma":"turchino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies occhi","gloss":"blue"},{"surface":"verdognolo","lemma":"verdognolo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies turchino","gloss":"greenish"},{"surface":"grandi","lemma":"grande","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies occhi","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mandorle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"due","lemma":"due","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies mandorle","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"mandorle","lemma":"mandorla","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of grandi","gloss":"almonds"},{"surface":"mature","lemma":"maturo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies mandorle","gloss":"ripe"}]},{"number":15,"label":"10","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p10-s1","source":"Era dunque la vigilia di Natale: una giornata grigia, annuvolata, ma tiepida: spirava anzi un vento di levante che portava il lontano e snervante tepore del deserto e come un umido odore di mare.","translation":"It was, then, Christmas Eve: a gray, clouded day, but mild: indeed a levante wind was blowing, carrying the far-off, enervating warmth of the desert and something like a damp smell of the sea.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"levante","title":"«levante»","body":"The east wind — here a warm, oppressive gust that carries the desert's heat and the sea's damp smell. Deledda uses it as the story's atmospheric title and running motif, a wind that unsettles the household on this one night."}],"words":[{"surface":"Era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to vigilia","gloss":"It was"},{"surface":"dunque","lemma":"dunque","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Era","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vigilia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vigilia","lemma":"vigilia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of Era","gloss":"eve"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Natale","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Natale","lemma":"Natale","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies vigilia","gloss":"Christmas"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of giornata","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"giornata","lemma":"giornata","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition with vigilia","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"grigia","lemma":"grigio","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies giornata","gloss":"gray"},{"surface":"annuvolata","lemma":"annuvolare","morphology":"verb, past participle, feminine, singular","role":"modifies giornata","gloss":"clouded"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"tiepida","lemma":"tiepido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with annuvolata","gloss":"mild"},{"surface":"spirava","lemma":"spirare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was blowing"},{"surface":"anzi","lemma":"anzi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies spirava","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vento","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vento","lemma":"vento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of spirava","gloss":"wind"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking levante","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"levante","lemma":"levante","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies vento","gloss":"east"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of portava","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"portava","lemma":"portare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on vento","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tepore","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"lontano","lemma":"lontano","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies tepore","gloss":"far-off"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"snervante","lemma":"snervante","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"coordinated with lontano","gloss":"enervating"},{"surface":"tepore","lemma":"tepore","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of portava","gloss":"warmth"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition (contracted)","role":"preposition marking deserto","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"deserto","lemma":"deserto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies tepore","gloss":"desert"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking odore","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of odore","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"umido","lemma":"umido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies odore","gloss":"damp"},{"surface":"odore","lemma":"odore","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with tepore","gloss":"smell"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mare","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"mare","lemma":"mare","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies odore","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":16,"label":"","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p10-s2","source":"Pareva che di là dalle montagne, sulle cui chine verdeggiava la fredda erba d’inverno, e di là dalla valle, ove i mandorli troppo precocemente fioriti si scuotevano, gettando quasi con dispetto al vento i petali bianchi come falde di neve, ardesse un gran fuoco, del quale non si scorgessero le fiamme, ma arrivasse il calore.","translation":"It seemed as though beyond the mountains, on whose slopes the cold winter grass grew green, and beyond the valley, where the almond trees, too early in bloom, shook themselves, flinging their petals to the wind as if in spite, white as flakes of snow, a great fire were burning, whose flames could not be seen, but whose heat arrived all the same.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pareva","lemma":"parere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"It seemed"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ardesse","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom di là da, marking montagne","gloss":"beyond","note":"\"di là da\" is a fixed idiom meaning \"beyond, on the other side of\", not literally \"of there\"."},{"surface":"là","lemma":"là","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the idiom di là da","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"dalle","lemma":"da il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking montagne","gloss":"from the"},{"surface":"montagne","lemma":"montagna","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of ardesse","gloss":"mountains"},{"surface":"sulle","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking chine","gloss":"on the"},{"surface":"cui","lemma":"cui","morphology":"determiner","role":"depends on chine","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"chine","lemma":"china","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of verdeggiava","gloss":"slopes"},{"surface":"verdeggiava","lemma":"verdeggiare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on montagne","gloss":"grew green"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of erba","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fredda","lemma":"freddo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies erba","gloss":"cold"},{"surface":"erba","lemma":"erba","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of verdeggiava","gloss":"grass"},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking inverno","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"inverno","lemma":"inverno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies erba","gloss":"winter"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom di là da, marking valle","gloss":"beyond"},{"surface":"là","lemma":"là","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the idiom di là da","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"dalla","lemma":"da il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking valle","gloss":"from the"},{"surface":"valle","lemma":"valle","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with montagne","gloss":"valley"},{"surface":"ove","lemma":"ove","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of scuotevano","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of mandorli","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mandorli","lemma":"mandorlo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of scuotevano","gloss":"almond trees"},{"surface":"troppo","lemma":"troppo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies precocemente","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"precocemente","lemma":"precocemente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fioriti","gloss":"early"},{"surface":"fioriti","lemma":"fiorire","morphology":"verb, past participle, masculine, plural","role":"modifies mandorli","gloss":"bloomed"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"reflexive particle of scuotevano","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"scuotevano","lemma":"scuotere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"relative clause on valle","gloss":"shook"},{"surface":"gettando","lemma":"gettare","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on scuotevano","gloss":"flinging"},{"surface":"quasi","lemma":"quasi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dispetto","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dispetto","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"dispetto","lemma":"dispetto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of gettando","gloss":"spite"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vento","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"vento","lemma":"vento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of gettando","gloss":"wind"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of petali","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"petali","lemma":"petale","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of gettando","gloss":"petals"},{"surface":"bianchi","lemma":"bianco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies petali","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking falde","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"falde","lemma":"falda","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies petali","gloss":"flakes"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking neve","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"neve","lemma":"neve","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies falde","gloss":"snow"},{"surface":"ardesse","lemma":"ardere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of Pareva","gloss":"were burning"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of fuoco","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gran","lemma":"grande","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies fuoco","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"fuoco","lemma":"fuoco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of ardesse","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking quale","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"quale","lemma":"quale","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"relative pronoun referring to fuoco, modifies fiamme","gloss":"which","note":"\"del quale\" = \"of which\", pointing back to fuoco: \"whose flames\"."},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies scorgessero","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"passive particle of scorgessero","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"scorgessero","lemma":"scorgere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, plural","role":"relative clause on fuoco","gloss":"seen","note":"\"si scorgessero\" is an impersonal passive: \"were seen\"."},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of fiamme","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fiamme","lemma":"fiamma","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of passive scorgessero","gloss":"flames"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"arrivasse","lemma":"arrivare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with ardesse","gloss":"arrived"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of calore","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"calore","lemma":"calore","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of arrivasse","gloss":"heat"}]},{"number":17,"label":"","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p10-s3","source":"E le nuvole che s’affacciavano sulle cime dei monti e incessantemente salivano e si spandevano sul cielo, sembravano formate dal fumo di quel fuoco invisibile.","translation":"And the clouds that appeared over the mountain peaks and rose and spread ceaselessly across the sky seemed made of the smoke of that invisible fire.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"E","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of nuvole","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nuvole","lemma":"nuvola","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of sembravano","gloss":"clouds"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of affacciavano","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"s’","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"reflexive particle of affacciavano","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"affacciavano","lemma":"affacciarsi","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"relative clause on nuvole","gloss":"appeared"},{"surface":"sulle","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cime","gloss":"over the"},{"surface":"cime","lemma":"cima","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of affacciavano","gloss":"peaks"},{"surface":"dei","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking monti","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"monti","lemma":"monte","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies cime","gloss":"mountains"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"incessantemente","lemma":"incessantemente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies salivano","gloss":"ceaselessly"},{"surface":"salivano","lemma":"salire","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with affacciavano","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"reflexive particle of spandevano","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"spandevano","lemma":"spandere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with salivano","gloss":"spread"},{"surface":"sul","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cielo","gloss":"across the"},{"surface":"cielo","lemma":"cielo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of spandevano","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"sembravano","lemma":"sembrare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"formate","lemma":"formare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, feminine, plural","role":"predicate complement of sembravano","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"dal","lemma":"da il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fumo","gloss":"by the"},{"surface":"fumo","lemma":"fumo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"agent of formate","gloss":"smoke"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fuoco","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"quel","lemma":"quello","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of fuoco","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"fuoco","lemma":"fuoco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies fumo","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"invisibile","lemma":"invisibile","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies fuoco","gloss":"invisible"}]},{"number":18,"label":"","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p10-s4","source":"Le campane suonavano a festa; la gente, resa un po’ strana dal levante, girava per le strade e per le case, ideando come riunirsi per festeggiare il Natale; le famiglie si scambiavano regali di porchetti, di agnelli autunnali, di carne, di dolci, di frutta secche; i pastori recavano ai padroni il primo latte delle vacche, e la padrona rimandava al pastore il recipiente colmo di legumi o d’altro, guardandosi bene dal rimandarlo vuoto per non augurare male al bestiame.","translation":"The bells were ringing out in festival; the people, made a little strange by the levante, wandered through the streets and houses, thinking of ways to gather together to celebrate Christmas; families exchanged gifts of suckling pigs, of autumn lambs, of meat, of sweets, of dried fruit; the shepherds brought their masters the first milk of the cows, and the mistress of the house sent back to the shepherd the container full of vegetables or something else, taking care never to send it back empty, so as not to wish ill on the livestock.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of campane","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"campane","lemma":"campana","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of suonavano","gloss":"bells"},{"surface":"suonavano","lemma":"suonare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"were ringing"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking festa","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"festa","lemma":"festa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of suonavano","gloss":"festival","note":"\"suonare a festa\" is an idiom: bells ringing joyously, in celebration."},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of gente","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"gente","lemma":"gente","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of girava","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"resa","lemma":"rendere","morphology":"verb, past, participle, feminine, singular","role":"participial clause modifying gente","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of po’","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"po’","lemma":"poco","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies strana","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"strana","lemma":"strano","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"complement of resa","gloss":"strange"},{"surface":"dal","lemma":"da il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking levante","gloss":"by the"},{"surface":"levante","lemma":"levante","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"agent of resa","gloss":"levante"},{"surface":"girava","lemma":"girare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wandered"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking strade","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of strade","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"strade","lemma":"strada","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of girava","gloss":"streets"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking case","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of case","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"case","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with strade","gloss":"houses"},{"surface":"ideando","lemma":"ideare","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on girava","gloss":"devising"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of riunirsi","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"riunirsi","lemma":"riunirsi","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of ideando","gloss":"to gather"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of festeggiare","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"festeggiare","lemma":"festeggiare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on riunirsi","gloss":"celebrate"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Natale","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Natale","lemma":"Natale","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of festeggiare","gloss":"Christmas"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of famiglie","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"famiglie","lemma":"famiglia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of scambiavano","gloss":"families"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"reciprocal particle of scambiavano","gloss":"each other"},{"surface":"scambiavano","lemma":"scambiare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"exchanged"},{"surface":"regali","lemma":"regalo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of scambiavano","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking porchetti","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"porchetti","lemma":"porchetto","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies regali","gloss":"suckling pigs"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking agnelli","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"agnelli","lemma":"agnello","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with porchetti, modifies regali","gloss":"lambs"},{"surface":"autunnali","lemma":"autunnale","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies agnelli","gloss":"autumn"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking carne","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"carne","lemma":"carne","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with agnelli, modifies regali","gloss":"meat"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dolci","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"dolci","lemma":"dolce","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with carne","gloss":"sweets"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking frutta","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"frutta","lemma":"frutta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with dolci","gloss":"fruit"},{"surface":"secche","lemma":"secco","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies frutta","gloss":"dried"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of pastori","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pastori","lemma":"pastore","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of recavano","gloss":"shepherds"},{"surface":"recavano","lemma":"recare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"brought"},{"surface":"ai","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking padroni","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"padroni","lemma":"padrone","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of recavano","gloss":"masters"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of latte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"primo","lemma":"primo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies latte","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"latte","lemma":"latte","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of recavano","gloss":"milk"},{"surface":"delle","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vacche","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"vacche","lemma":"vacca","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies latte","gloss":"cows"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of padrona","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"padrona","lemma":"padrona","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of rimandava","gloss":"mistress"},{"surface":"rimandava","lemma":"rimandare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with recavano","gloss":"sent back"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pastore","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"pastore","lemma":"pastore","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of rimandava","gloss":"shepherd"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of recipiente","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"recipiente","lemma":"recipiente","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of rimandava","gloss":"container"},{"surface":"colmo","lemma":"colmo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies recipiente","gloss":"full"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking legumi","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"legumi","lemma":"legume","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of colmo","gloss":"vegetables"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking altro","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"altro","lemma":"altro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with legumi","gloss":"something else"},{"surface":"guardandosi","lemma":"guardarsi","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on rimandava","gloss":"taking care"},{"surface":"bene","lemma":"bene","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies guardandosi","gloss":"carefully"},{"surface":"dal","lemma":"da il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rimandarlo","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"rimandarlo","lemma":"rimandare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"oblique complement of guardandosi","gloss":"sending it back","note":"\"rimandarlo\" = rimandare + the attached clitic lo (\"it\")."},{"surface":"vuoto","lemma":"vuoto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies rimandarlo","gloss":"empty"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of augurare","gloss":"so as"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies augurare","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"augurare","lemma":"augurare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on guardandosi","gloss":"to wish"},{"surface":"male","lemma":"male","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies augurare","gloss":"ill"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bestiame","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"bestiame","lemma":"bestiame","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of augurare","gloss":"livestock"}]},{"number":19,"label":"11","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p11-s1","source":"Predu Tasca, anch’egli pastore, ammazzò il suo più bel porchetto, lo sventrò, gli tinse col sangue la cotenna, lo riempì di fronde d’asfodelo, lo mise in un canestro e lo mandò in regalo alla fidanzata.","translation":"Predu Tasca, himself a shepherd too, killed his finest suckling pig, gutted it, dyed its skin with its own blood, filled it with asphodel fronds, put it in a basket, and sent it as a gift to his fiancée.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ammazzò, sventrò, tinse, riempì, mise, mandò","title":"Passato remoto: a chain of completed actions","body":"Six passato remoto forms in a row narrate one-off, completed past actions in sequence — Deledda's tense for events, as opposed to the imperfetto used just above for ongoing description."}],"words":[{"surface":"Predu","lemma":"Predu","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of ammazzò","gloss":"Predu"},{"surface":"Tasca","lemma":"Tasca","morphology":"proper noun","role":"depends on Predu","gloss":"Tasca"},{"surface":"anch’","lemma":"anche","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies egli","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"egli","lemma":"egli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"appositive subject, refers to Predu","gloss":"he","note":"\"anch’egli pastore\" is a parenthetical aside: \"himself, too, a shepherd\"."},{"surface":"pastore","lemma":"pastore","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of egli, in apposition to Predu","gloss":"shepherd"},{"surface":"ammazzò","lemma":"ammazzare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of porchetto","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"suo","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on porchetto","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"più","lemma":"più","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bel","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"bel","lemma":"bello","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies porchetto","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"porchetto","lemma":"porchetto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of ammazzò","gloss":"suckling pig"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of sventrò","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"sventrò","lemma":"sventrare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with ammazzò","gloss":"gutted"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"gli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of tinse","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"tinse","lemma":"tingere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with ammazzò","gloss":"dyed"},{"surface":"col","lemma":"con il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sangue","gloss":"with the"},{"surface":"sangue","lemma":"sangue","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of tinse","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cotenna","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cotenna","lemma":"cotenna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tinse","gloss":"skin"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of riempì","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"riempì","lemma":"riempire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with ammazzò","gloss":"filled"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fronde","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"fronde","lemma":"fronda","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of riempì","gloss":"fronds"},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking asfodelo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"asfodelo","lemma":"asfodelo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies fronde","gloss":"asphodel"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of mise","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"mise","lemma":"mettere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with ammazzò","gloss":"put"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking canestro","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of canestro","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"canestro","lemma":"canestro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of mise","gloss":"basket"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of mandò","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"mandò","lemma":"mandare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with ammazzò","gloss":"sent"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking regalo","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"regalo","lemma":"regalo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of mandò","gloss":"gift"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fidanzata","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"fidanzata","lemma":"fidanzata","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of mandò","gloss":"fiancée"}]},{"number":20,"label":"","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p11-s2","source":"E la fidanzata diede uno scudo d’argento alla portatrice del regalo e dentro il canestro mise un dolce di mandorle e miele.","translation":"And the fiancée gave a silver crown to the woman who brought the gift, and inside the basket she placed a sweet of almonds and honey.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"E","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of fidanzata","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fidanzata","lemma":"fidanzato","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of diede","gloss":"fiancée"},{"surface":"diede","lemma":"dare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"uno","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of scudo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"scudo","lemma":"scudo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of diede","gloss":"crown","note":"scudo here is a silver coin (a \"crown\"), not a shield."},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking argento","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"argento","lemma":"argento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies scudo","gloss":"silver"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking portatrice","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"portatrice","lemma":"portatore","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of diede","gloss":"bearer"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking regalo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"regalo","lemma":"regalo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies portatrice","gloss":"gift"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dentro","lemma":"dentro","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking canestro","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of canestro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"canestro","lemma":"canestro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of mise","gloss":"basket"},{"surface":"mise","lemma":"mettere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with diede","gloss":"placed"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of dolce","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"dolce","lemma":"dolce","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of mise","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mandorle","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"mandorle","lemma":"mandorla","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies dolce","gloss":"almonds"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"miele","lemma":"miele","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with mandorle","gloss":"honey"}]},{"number":21,"label":"12","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p12-s1","source":"Verso sera il fidanzato venne in casa Frau e strinse la mano della fanciulla.","translation":"Toward evening the fiancé came to the Frau house and pressed the girl's hand.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Verso","lemma":"verso","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sera","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"sera","lemma":"sera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of venne","gloss":"evening"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of fidanzato","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fidanzato","lemma":"fidanzato","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of venne","gloss":"fiancé"},{"surface":"venne","lemma":"venire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking casa","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"casa","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of venne","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"Frau","lemma":"Frau","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies casa","gloss":"Frau"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"strinse","lemma":"stringere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with venne","gloss":"pressed"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mano","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mano","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of strinse","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"della","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fanciulla","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"fanciulla","lemma":"fanciulla","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies mano","gloss":"girl"}]},{"number":22,"label":"","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p12-s2","source":"Ella arrossì, rise di piacere, ritirò la mano: e nella mano calda per la stretta amorosa trovò una moneta d’oro.","translation":"She blushed, laughed with pleasure, withdrew her hand: and in her hand, still warm from the loving clasp, she found a gold coin.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ella","lemma":"ella","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of arrossì","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"arrossì","lemma":"arrossire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"blushed"},{"surface":"rise","lemma":"ridere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with arrossì","gloss":"laughed"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking piacere","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"piacere","lemma":"piacere","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of rise","gloss":"pleasure"},{"surface":"ritirò","lemma":"ritirare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with arrossì","gloss":"withdrew"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mano","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mano","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of ritirò","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nella","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mano","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"mano","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of trovò","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"calda","lemma":"caldo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies mano","gloss":"warm"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stretta","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of stretta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"stretta","lemma":"stretta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of preposition per","gloss":"clasp"},{"surface":"amorosa","lemma":"amoroso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies stretta","gloss":"loving"},{"surface":"trovò","lemma":"trovare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of moneta","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"moneta","lemma":"moneta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of trovò","gloss":"coin"},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oro","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"oro","lemma":"oro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies moneta","gloss":"gold"}]},{"number":23,"label":"13","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p13-s1","source":"Subito andò in giro per la casa, mostrando segretamente a tutti il bel regalo di Predu.","translation":"At once she went around the house, secretly showing everyone Predu's fine gift.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Subito","lemma":"subito","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies andò","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"andò","lemma":"andare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking giro","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"giro","lemma":"giro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of andò","gloss":"round"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking casa","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of casa","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"casa","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of andò","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"mostrando","lemma":"mostrare","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on andò","gloss":"showing"},{"surface":"segretamente","lemma":"segretamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mostrando","gloss":"secretly"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tutti","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"tutti","lemma":"tutto","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"indirect object of mostrando","gloss":"everyone"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of regalo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"bel","lemma":"bello","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies regalo","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"regalo","lemma":"regalo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of mostrando","gloss":"gift"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Predu","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Predu","lemma":"Predu","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies regalo","gloss":"Predu"}]},{"number":24,"label":"14","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p14-s1","source":"Fuori le campane suonavano lietamente, ed il levante ne spandeva il suono metallico per la sera tiepida ed umida.","translation":"Outside the bells rang out merrily, and the levante carried their metallic sound through the mild, damp evening.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Fuori","lemma":"fuori","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies suonavano","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of campane","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"campane","lemma":"campana","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of suonavano","gloss":"bells"},{"surface":"suonavano","lemma":"suonare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"rang"},{"surface":"lietamente","lemma":"lietamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies suonavano","gloss":"merrily"},{"surface":"ed","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of levante","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"levante","lemma":"levante","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of spandeva","gloss":"levante"},{"surface":"ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"pronoun","role":"genitive pronoun referring to campane, modifies suono","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"spandeva","lemma":"spandere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with suonavano","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of suono","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"suono","lemma":"suono","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of spandeva","gloss":"sound"},{"surface":"metallico","lemma":"metallico","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies suono","gloss":"metallic"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sera","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sera","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sera","lemma":"sera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of spandeva","gloss":"evening"},{"surface":"tiepida","lemma":"tiepido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies sera","gloss":"mild"},{"surface":"ed","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"umida","lemma":"umido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with tiepida","gloss":"damp"}]},{"number":25,"label":"","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p14-s2","source":"Pietro vestiva il suo bel costume ancora medioevale dal giustacuore di velluto turchino ed il corto cappotto nero d’orbace e di velluto finemente trapuntato; e aveva la cintura di cuoio a ricami e i bottoni d’oro filogranati.","translation":"Pietro wore his fine, still medieval costume — the doublet of deep blue velvet and the short black cloak of orbace and finely quilted velvet; and he had a leather belt worked with embroidery and buttons of filigreed gold.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"orbace","title":"«orbace»","body":"A heavy, handwoven Sardinian wool cloth, traditionally dyed black, used for shepherds' cloaks and festive costumes — a real garment, not literary invention, and still a marker of Sardinian dress today."}],"words":[{"surface":"Pietro","lemma":"Pietro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of vestiva","gloss":"Pietro"},{"surface":"vestiva","lemma":"vestire","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wore"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of costume","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"suo","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on costume","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"bel","lemma":"bello","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies costume","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"costume","lemma":"costume","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of vestiva","gloss":"costume"},{"surface":"ancora","lemma":"ancora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies medioevale","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"medioevale","lemma":"medioevale","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies costume","gloss":"medieval"},{"surface":"dal","lemma":"da il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking giustacuore","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"giustacuore","lemma":"giustacuore","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of medioevale","gloss":"doublet"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking velluto","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"velluto","lemma":"velluto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies giustacuore","gloss":"velvet"},{"surface":"turchino","lemma":"turchino","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies velluto","gloss":"deep blue"},{"surface":"ed","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cappotto","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"corto","lemma":"corto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cappotto","gloss":"short"},{"surface":"cappotto","lemma":"cappotto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with giustacuore","gloss":"cloak"},{"surface":"nero","lemma":"nero","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cappotto","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking orbace","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"orbace","lemma":"orbace","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cappotto","gloss":"orbace","note":"Orbace is coarse Sardinian homespun wool cloth, kept untranslated."},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking velluto","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"velluto","lemma":"velluto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with orbace","gloss":"velvet"},{"surface":"finemente","lemma":"finemente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies trapuntato","gloss":"finely"},{"surface":"trapuntato","lemma":"trapuntare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying velluto","gloss":"quilted"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"aveva","lemma":"avere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cintura","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cintura","lemma":"cintura","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of aveva","gloss":"belt"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cuoio","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cuoio","lemma":"cuoio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cintura","gloss":"leather"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ricami","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ricami","lemma":"ricamo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies cuoio","gloss":"embroidery"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of bottoni","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"bottoni","lemma":"bottone","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with cintura","gloss":"buttons"},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oro","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"oro","lemma":"oro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies bottoni","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"filogranati","lemma":"filogranato","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies bottoni","gloss":"filigreed"}]},{"number":26,"label":"15","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p15-s1","source":"I lunghi capelli neri gli ricadevano sulle orecchie, ben pettinati ed unti con olio d’ulivo; e siccome aveva già bevuto vino ed anice, i suoi occhi neri brillavano e le sue labbra rosse ardevano tra la folta barba nera.","translation":"His long black hair fell over his ears, carefully combed and oiled with olive oil; and since he had already drunk wine and anisette, his dark eyes glittered and his red lips burned within his thick black beard.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"I","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of capelli","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"lunghi","lemma":"lungo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies capelli","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"capelli","lemma":"capello","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of ricadevano","gloss":"hair"},{"surface":"neri","lemma":"nero","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies capelli","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of ricadevano","gloss":"his","note":"Dative gli renders as a possessive in idiomatic English (\"his ears\")."},{"surface":"ricadevano","lemma":"ricadere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"sulle","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking orecchie","gloss":"over the"},{"surface":"orecchie","lemma":"orecchia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of ricadevano","gloss":"ears"},{"surface":"ben","lemma":"bene","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pettinati","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"pettinati","lemma":"pettinare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with ricadevano","gloss":"combed"},{"surface":"ed","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"unti","lemma":"ungere","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with pettinati","gloss":"oiled"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking olio","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"olio","lemma":"olio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of unti","gloss":"oil"},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ulivo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ulivo","lemma":"ulivo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies olio","gloss":"olive"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"siccome","lemma":"siccome","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of bevuto","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"aveva","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of bevuto","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"già","lemma":"già","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bevuto","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"bevuto","lemma":"bere","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial clause on brillavano","gloss":"drunk"},{"surface":"vino","lemma":"vino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of bevuto","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"ed","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"anice","lemma":"anice","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with vino","gloss":"anisette"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of occhi","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"suoi","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"depends on occhi","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"occhi","lemma":"occhio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of brillavano","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"neri","lemma":"nero","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies occhi","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"brillavano","lemma":"brillare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"glittered"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of labbra","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sue","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"depends on labbra","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"labbra","lemma":"labbra","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of ardevano","gloss":"lips"},{"surface":"rosse","lemma":"rosso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies labbra","gloss":"red"},{"surface":"ardevano","lemma":"ardere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with brillavano","gloss":"burned"},{"surface":"tra","lemma":"tra","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking barba","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of barba","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"folta","lemma":"folto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies barba","gloss":"thick"},{"surface":"barba","lemma":"barba","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of ardevano","gloss":"beard"},{"surface":"nera","lemma":"nero","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies barba","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":27,"label":"","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p15-s2","source":"Era bello e fresco come un Dio campestre.","translation":"He was handsome and fresh as a rustic god.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to bello","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"bello","lemma":"bello","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"handsome"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fresco","lemma":"fresco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with bello","gloss":"fresh"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Dio","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Dio","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Dio","lemma":"dio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of preposition come, compared to bello","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"campestre","lemma":"campestre","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Dio","gloss":"rustic"}]},{"number":28,"label":"16","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p16-s1","source":"— Bonas tardas, — disse sedendosi vicino al suocero, davanti al focolare ove ardeva un tronco d’elce.","translation":"— Good evening, — he said, sitting down beside his father-in-law, before the hearth where a holm-oak log was burning.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Bonas tardas","title":"Sardinian greeting","body":"«Bonas tardas» is Sardinian (not Italian) for 'good evening' — Italian would say «buonasera». Deledda lets her characters speak their native Sardinian in direct dialogue even though the surrounding narration is literary Italian."}],"words":[{"surface":"Bonas","lemma":"bonas","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies tardas","gloss":"good","note":"\"Bonas tardas\" is Sardinian dialect for \"buonasera\" (good evening/afternoon), used as a greeting."},{"surface":"tardas","lemma":"tardas","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"head of the greeting phrase","gloss":"evening"},{"surface":"disse","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"sedendosi","lemma":"sedersi","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"clausal complement of disse","gloss":"sitting down"},{"surface":"vicino","lemma":"vicino","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking suocero","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking suocero","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"suocero","lemma":"suocero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sedendosi","gloss":"father-in-law"},{"surface":"davanti","lemma":"davanti","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking focolare","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking focolare","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"focolare","lemma":"focolare","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sedendosi","gloss":"hearth"},{"surface":"ove","lemma":"ove","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ardeva","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"ardeva","lemma":"ardere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on focolare","gloss":"was burning"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tronco","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tronco","lemma":"tronco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of ardeva","gloss":"log"},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking elce","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"elce","lemma":"elce","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies tronco","gloss":"holm-oak"}]},{"number":29,"label":"","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p16-s2","source":"— Il Signore vi conceda cento Natali.","translation":"— May the Lord grant you a hundred Christmases.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Signore","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Signore","lemma":"Signore","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of conceda","gloss":"Lord"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun","role":"indirect object of conceda","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"conceda","lemma":"concedere","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"grant"},{"surface":"cento","lemma":"cento","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies Natali","gloss":"a hundred"},{"surface":"Natali","lemma":"Natale","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of conceda","gloss":"Christmases"}]},{"number":30,"label":"","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p16-s3","source":"Come ve la passate?","translation":"How are you getting on?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Come","lemma":"come","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies passate","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"ve","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun","role":"reflexive/dative pronoun with passate, idiom passarsela","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"la","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object pronoun with passate, idiom passarsela","gloss":"it","note":"\"Passarsela\" (ve la passate) is an idiom meaning \"to get along/manage\"; la has no separate referent."},{"surface":"passate","lemma":"passare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"are getting on"}]},{"number":31,"label":"17","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p17-s1","source":"— Come i vecchi avvoltoi che han perduto gli artigli, — rispose il fiero contadino, che cominciava ad invecchiare.","translation":"— Like the old vultures who have lost their talons, — answered the proud farmer, who was beginning to grow old.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Come","lemma":"come","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking avvoltoi","gloss":"Like"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of avvoltoi","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vecchi","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies avvoltoi","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"avvoltoi","lemma":"avvoltoio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of rispose","gloss":"vultures"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of perduto","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of perduto","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"perduto","lemma":"perdere","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"relative clause on avvoltoi","gloss":"lost"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of artigli","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"artigli","lemma":"artiglio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of perduto","gloss":"talons"},{"surface":"rispose","lemma":"rispondere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of contadino","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fiero","lemma":"fiero","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies contadino","gloss":"proud"},{"surface":"contadino","lemma":"contadino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of rispose","gloss":"farmer"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of cominciava","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"cominciava","lemma":"cominciare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on contadino","gloss":"was beginning"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of invecchiare","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"invecchiare","lemma":"invecchiare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of cominciava","gloss":"grow old"}]},{"number":32,"label":"","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p17-s2","source":"E recitò quei versi famosi:","translation":"And he recited those famous verses:","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"E","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"recitò","lemma":"recitare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"recited"},{"surface":"quei","lemma":"quello","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of versi","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"versi","lemma":"verso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of recitò","gloss":"verses"},{"surface":"famosi","lemma":"famoso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies versi","gloss":"famous"}]},{"number":33,"label":"18","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p18-s1","source":"S’omine cando est bezzu no est bonu....","translation":"When a man grows old he is no longer good….","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"S’","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of omine","gloss":"the","note":"A Sardinian proverb quoted in dialect: 's'' is the elided form of the Sardinian article 'su'."},{"surface":"omine","lemma":"omine","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of the main verb est (bonu)","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"cando","lemma":"cando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the adverbial clause (est bezzu)","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"essere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula in the clause introduced by cando","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"bezzu","lemma":"bezzu","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate adjective of est (cando clause)","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the second est","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"essere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"bonu","lemma":"bonu","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate adjective of the main est","gloss":"good"}]},{"number":34,"label":"19","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p19-s1","source":"Fu allora che si parlò della leggenda sui nati la sera di Natale.","translation":"It was then that the legend about those born on Christmas Eve came up.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Fu","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"It was"},{"surface":"allora","lemma":"allora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Fu","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of parlò","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, passive marker","role":"passive particle of parlò","gloss":"was","note":"Passive si-construction: \"si parlò\" = \"was talked (of)\"."},{"surface":"parlò","lemma":"parlare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of Fu","gloss":"talked"},{"surface":"della","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking leggenda","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"leggenda","lemma":"leggenda","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of parlò","gloss":"legend"},{"surface":"sui","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nati","gloss":"about the"},{"surface":"nati","lemma":"nato","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of leggenda","gloss":"those born"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sera","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sera","lemma":"sera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of nati","gloss":"evening"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Natale","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Natale","lemma":"Natale","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies sera","gloss":"Christmas","note":"\"la sera di Natale\" = Christmas Eve."}]},{"number":35,"label":"20","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p20-s1","source":"— Andremo alla messa, — disse zio Diddinu, — al ritorno faremo una bella cena e dopo canteremo, dunque!","translation":"— We'll go to Mass, — said uncle Diddinu, — when we get back we'll have a fine supper and afterward we'll sing, then!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Andremo","lemma":"andare","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"We'll go"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking messa","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"messa","lemma":"messa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Andremo","gloss":"Mass"},{"surface":"disse","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"parallel clause to Andremo","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"zio","lemma":"zio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of disse","gloss":"uncle"},{"surface":"Diddinu","lemma":"Diddinu","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of disse","gloss":"Diddinu"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ritorno","gloss":"at the"},{"surface":"ritorno","lemma":"ritorno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of faremo","gloss":"return"},{"surface":"faremo","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"parallel clause to Andremo","gloss":"we'll have"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cena","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bella","lemma":"bello","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies cena","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"cena","lemma":"cena","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of faremo","gloss":"supper"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dopo","lemma":"dopo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies canteremo","gloss":"afterward"},{"surface":"canteremo","lemma":"cantare","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"coordinated with faremo","gloss":"we'll sing"},{"surface":"dunque","lemma":"dunque","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Andremo","gloss":"then"}]},{"number":36,"label":"21","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p21-s1","source":"— Anche prima, se volete.","translation":"— Even before, if you like.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Anche","lemma":"anche","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies prima","gloss":"Even"},{"surface":"prima","lemma":"prima","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of volete","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"volete","lemma":"volere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, plural","role":"adverbial clause on prima","gloss":"you like"}]},{"number":37,"label":"22","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p22-s1","source":"— Prima no!","translation":"— Not before!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Prima","lemma":"prima","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies no","gloss":"Before"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"not"}]},{"number":38,"label":"","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p22-s2","source":"— disse zio Diddinu, battendo il bastone sulla pietra del focolare.","translation":"— said uncle Diddinu, striking his stick on the hearthstone.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"disse","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"zio","lemma":"zio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of disse","gloss":"uncle"},{"surface":"Diddinu","lemma":"Diddinu","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of disse","gloss":"Diddinu"},{"surface":"battendo","lemma":"battere","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on disse","gloss":"striking"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of bastone","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"bastone","lemma":"bastone","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of battendo","gloss":"stick"},{"surface":"sulla","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pietra","gloss":"on the"},{"surface":"pietra","lemma":"pietra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of battendo","gloss":"stone"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking focolare","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"focolare","lemma":"focolare","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies pietra","gloss":"hearth"}]},{"number":39,"label":"","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p22-s3","source":"— Finchè dura la Santa Vigilia bisogna rispettarla: Nostra Signora soffre i dolori del parto e noi non dobbiamo nè cantare, nè mangiar carne.","translation":"— As long as the Holy Vigil lasts it must be respected: Our Lady suffers the pains of childbirth and we must neither sing nor eat meat.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"rispettarla","title":"Clitic pronoun attached to the infinitive","body":"The object pronoun «la» (standing for «la Santa Vigilia») attaches to the end of the infinitive «rispettare», giving «rispettarla» = 'to respect it'. Italian regularly welds object pronouns onto non-finite verb forms this way."}],"words":[{"surface":"Finchè","lemma":"finché","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of dura","gloss":"As long as","note":"'Finchè' is an older spelling of the modern 'finché'."},{"surface":"dura","lemma":"durare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on bisogna","gloss":"lasts"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Vigilia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Santa","lemma":"santo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies Vigilia","gloss":"Holy"},{"surface":"Vigilia","lemma":"vigilia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of dura","gloss":"Vigil"},{"surface":"bisogna","lemma":"bisognare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"it is necessary"},{"surface":"rispettarla","lemma":"rispettare la","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of bisogna","gloss":"to respect it"},{"surface":"Nostra","lemma":"nostro","morphology":"determiner, possessive, feminine, singular","role":"modifies Signora","gloss":"Our"},{"surface":"Signora","lemma":"Signora","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of soffre","gloss":"Lady"},{"surface":"soffre","lemma":"soffrire","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"suffers"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of dolori","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"dolori","lemma":"dolore","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of soffre","gloss":"pains"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking parto","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"parto","lemma":"parto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies dolori","gloss":"childbirth"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"noi","lemma":"noi","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of dobbiamo","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dobbiamo","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"dobbiamo","lemma":"dovere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"coordinated with soffre","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"nè","lemma":"né","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"cantare","lemma":"cantare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with dobbiamo","gloss":"sing"},{"surface":"nè","lemma":"né","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"mangiar","lemma":"mangiare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with dobbiamo","gloss":"eat"},{"surface":"carne","lemma":"carne","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of mangiar","gloss":"meat"}]},{"number":40,"label":"","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p22-s4","source":"Oh, buona notte, Mattia Portolu!","translation":"Oh, good evening, Mattia Portolu!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Oh","lemma":"oh","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"Oh"},{"surface":"buona","lemma":"buono","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies notte","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"notte","lemma":"notte","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the greeting phrase","gloss":"evening"},{"surface":"Mattia","lemma":"Mattia","morphology":"proper noun","role":"vocative address","gloss":"Mattia"},{"surface":"Portolu","lemma":"Portolu","morphology":"proper noun","role":"depends on Mattia","gloss":"Portolu"}]},{"number":41,"label":"","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p22-s5","source":"siediti lì e dimmi chi altri verrà.","translation":"sit down there and tell me who else is coming.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"siediti","lemma":"sedersi","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular, reflexive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sit down"},{"surface":"lì","lemma":"lì","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies siediti","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dimmi","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"coordinated with siediti","gloss":"tell me"},{"surface":"chi","lemma":"chi","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of verrà","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"altri","lemma":"altro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies chi","gloss":"else"},{"surface":"verrà","lemma":"venire","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of dimmi","gloss":"is coming"}]},{"number":42,"label":"","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p22-s6","source":"Maria Franzisca, da bere!","translation":"Maria Franzisca, something to drink!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Maria","lemma":"Maria","morphology":"proper noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Maria"},{"surface":"Franzisca","lemma":"Franzisca","morphology":"proper noun","role":"depends on Maria","gloss":"Franzisca"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of bere","gloss":"to","note":"Idiom \"da bere\" = \"something to drink\"."},{"surface":"bere","lemma":"bere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying Maria","gloss":"drink"}]},{"number":43,"label":"","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p22-s7","source":"Porta da bere a questi piccoli agnelli.","translation":"Bring something to drink for these little lambs.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Porta","lemma":"portare","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Bring"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of bere","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"bere","lemma":"bere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying Porta","gloss":"drink"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking agnelli","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"questi","lemma":"questo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of agnelli","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"piccoli","lemma":"piccolo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies agnelli","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"agnelli","lemma":"agnello","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of Porta","gloss":"lambs"}]},{"number":44,"label":"23","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p23-s1","source":"La fanciulla versò da bere e, chinandosi davanti al fidanzato per porgergli il bicchiere scintillante come un rubino, lo inebbriò con uno sguardo e un sorriso ardente.","translation":"The girl poured the drink and, bending before her fiancé to hand him the glass, sparkling like a ruby, she made him drunk with a glance and an ardent smile.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of fanciulla","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"fanciulla","lemma":"fanciulla","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of versò","gloss":"girl"},{"surface":"versò","lemma":"versare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"poured"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of bere","gloss":"to","note":"Idiom \"da bere\" = \"something to drink\"."},{"surface":"bere","lemma":"bere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of versò","gloss":"drink"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"chinandosi","lemma":"chinarsi","morphology":"verb, gerund, reflexive","role":"coordinated with versò","gloss":"bending"},{"surface":"davanti","lemma":"davanti","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fidanzato","gloss":"in front of"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fidanzato","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fidanzato","lemma":"fidanzato","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of chinandosi","gloss":"fiancé"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of porgergli","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"porgergli","lemma":"porgere gli","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on chinandosi","gloss":"hand him"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of bicchiere","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"bicchiere","lemma":"bicchiere","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of porgergli","gloss":"glass"},{"surface":"scintillante","lemma":"scintillante","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies bicchiere","gloss":"sparkling"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rubino","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of rubino","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"rubino","lemma":"rubino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of scintillante","gloss":"ruby"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, direct object, masculine, singular, third-person","role":"direct object of inebbriò","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"inebbriò","lemma":"inebriare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"intoxicated"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sguardo","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"uno","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sguardo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sguardo","lemma":"sguardo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of inebbriò","gloss":"glance"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sorriso","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sorriso","lemma":"sorriso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with sguardo","gloss":"smile"},{"surface":"ardente","lemma":"ardente","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies sorriso","gloss":"ardent"}]},{"number":45,"label":"","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p23-s2","source":"Intanto il nuovo venuto nominava gli amici che dovevano sopraggiungere.","translation":"Meanwhile the newcomer was naming the friends who were still to arrive.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Intanto","lemma":"intanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nominava","gloss":"Meanwhile"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of nuovo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nuovo","lemma":"nuovo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies venuto","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"venuto","lemma":"venuto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of nominava","gloss":"newcomer"},{"surface":"nominava","lemma":"nominare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was naming"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of amici","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"amici","lemma":"amico","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of nominava","gloss":"friends"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of sopraggiungere","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"dovevano","lemma":"dovere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of sopraggiungere","gloss":"were to"},{"surface":"sopraggiungere","lemma":"sopraggiungere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"relative clause on amici","gloss":"arrive"}]},{"number":46,"label":"24","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p24-s1","source":"Le donne s’affaccendavano già per preparare la cena, intorno al focolare che stava nel centro della cucina, segnato sul pavimento da quattro liste di pietra.","translation":"The women were already bustling about preparing supper, around the hearth that stood in the center of the kitchen, marked on the floor by four strips of stone.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of donne","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"donne","lemma":"donna","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of affaccendavano","gloss":"women"},{"surface":"s’","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive clitic","role":"reflexive particle of affaccendavano","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"affaccendavano","lemma":"affaccendarsi","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"were bustling about"},{"surface":"già","lemma":"già","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies affaccendavano","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of preparare","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"preparare","lemma":"preparare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on affaccendavano","gloss":"prepare"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cena","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cena","lemma":"cena","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of preparare","gloss":"supper"},{"surface":"intorno","lemma":"intorno","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking focolare","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking focolare","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"focolare","lemma":"focolare","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of affaccendavano","gloss":"hearth"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of stava","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"stava","lemma":"stare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on focolare","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"nel","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking centro","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"centro","lemma":"centro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of stava","gloss":"center"},{"surface":"della","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cucina","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"cucina","lemma":"cucina","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies centro","gloss":"kitchen"},{"surface":"segnato","lemma":"segnare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"modifies focolare","gloss":"marked"},{"surface":"sul","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pavimento","gloss":"on the"},{"surface":"pavimento","lemma":"pavimento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of segnato","gloss":"floor"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking liste","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"quattro","lemma":"quattro","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies liste","gloss":"four"},{"surface":"liste","lemma":"lista","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of segnato","gloss":"strips"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pietra","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"pietra","lemma":"pietra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies liste","gloss":"stone"}]},{"number":47,"label":"","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p24-s2","source":"Da una parte sedevano gli uomini; dall’altra parte le donne cucinavano: in un lungo spiedo stava già infilata la metà del porchetto regalato da Predu Tasca; e un leggero fumo odoroso di vivande si spandeva per la cucina.","translation":"On one side sat the men; on the other the women were cooking: on a long spit was already skewered half the suckling pig given by Predu Tasca; and a light, fragrant smoke of cooking food spread through the kitchen.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Da","lemma":"da","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking parte","gloss":"On"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of parte","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"parte","lemma":"parte","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sedevano","gloss":"side"},{"surface":"sedevano","lemma":"sedere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of uomini","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"uomini","lemma":"uomo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of sedevano","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"dall’","lemma":"da il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking parte","gloss":"on the"},{"surface":"altra","lemma":"altro","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies parte","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"parte","lemma":"parte","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of cucinavano","gloss":"side"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of donne","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"donne","lemma":"donna","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of cucinavano","gloss":"women"},{"surface":"cucinavano","lemma":"cucinare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"were cooking"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking spiedo","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of spiedo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"lungo","lemma":"lungo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies spiedo","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"spiedo","lemma":"spiedo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of infilata","gloss":"spit"},{"surface":"stava","lemma":"stare","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of infilata","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"già","lemma":"già","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies infilata","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"infilata","lemma":"infilare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, feminine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"skewered"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of metà","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"metà","lemma":"metà","morphology":"noun, feminine","role":"subject of passive infilata","gloss":"half"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking porchetto","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"porchetto","lemma":"porchetto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies metà","gloss":"suckling pig"},{"surface":"regalato","lemma":"regalare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying porchetto","gloss":"given"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Predu","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"Predu","lemma":"Predu","morphology":"proper noun","role":"agent of regalato","gloss":"Predu"},{"surface":"Tasca","lemma":"Tasca","morphology":"proper noun","role":"depends on Predu","gloss":"Tasca"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of fumo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"leggero","lemma":"leggero","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies fumo","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"fumo","lemma":"fumo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of spandeva","gloss":"smoke"},{"surface":"odoroso","lemma":"odoroso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies fumo","gloss":"fragrant"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vivande","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"vivande","lemma":"vivanda","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies fumo","gloss":"food"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"expletive with spandeva","gloss":"itself","note":"Mediopassive si: 'si spandeva' means simply 'spread' (intransitive)."},{"surface":"spandeva","lemma":"spandere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"spread"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cucina","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cucina","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cucina","lemma":"cucina","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of spandeva","gloss":"kitchen"}]},{"number":48,"label":"","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p24-s3","source":"Vennero altri due vecchi parenti, due fratelli che non si erano mai voluti ammogliare, per non dividere il loro patrimonio; sembravano due patriarchi, con capelli lunghi riccioluti ricadenti sulla prolissa barba bianca; poi venne un giovine cieco che palpava e sfiorava i muri con un sottile bastone di oleandro.","translation":"Two other old relatives came, two brothers who had never wished to marry, so as not to divide their inheritance; they looked like two patriarchs, with long curly hair falling over their flowing white beards; then came a young blind man who felt and brushed the walls with a slender oleander cane.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vennero","lemma":"venire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"altri","lemma":"altro","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of parenti","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"due","lemma":"due","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies parenti","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"vecchi","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies parenti","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"parenti","lemma":"parente","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"subject of Vennero","gloss":"relatives"},{"surface":"due","lemma":"due","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies fratelli","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"fratelli","lemma":"fratello","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"in apposition to parenti","gloss":"brothers"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of voluti","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies voluti","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"expletive with ammogliare","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"erano","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of voluti","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"mai","lemma":"mai","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies voluti","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"voluti","lemma":"volere","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, plural","role":"relative clause on fratelli","gloss":"wanted"},{"surface":"ammogliare","lemma":"ammogliare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of voluti","gloss":"to marry"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of dividere","gloss":"so as"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dividere","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"dividere","lemma":"dividere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"purpose clause on ammogliare","gloss":"divide"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of patrimonio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"loro","lemma":"loro","morphology":"determiner","role":"depends on patrimonio","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"patrimonio","lemma":"patrimonio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of dividere","gloss":"inheritance"},{"surface":"sembravano","lemma":"sembrare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"looked like"},{"surface":"due","lemma":"due","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies patriarchi","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"patriarchi","lemma":"patriarco","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of sembravano","gloss":"patriarchs"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking capelli","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"capelli","lemma":"capello","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of sembravano","gloss":"hair"},{"surface":"lunghi","lemma":"lungo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies capelli","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"riccioluti","lemma":"riccioluto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies capelli","gloss":"curly"},{"surface":"ricadenti","lemma":"ricadere","morphology":"verb, present, participle, plural","role":"clause modifying capelli","gloss":"falling"},{"surface":"sulla","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking barba","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"prolissa","lemma":"prolisso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies barba","gloss":"flowing"},{"surface":"barba","lemma":"barba","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of ricadenti","gloss":"beard"},{"surface":"bianca","lemma":"bianco","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies barba","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"poi","lemma":"poi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies venne","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"venne","lemma":"venire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of giovine","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"giovine","lemma":"giovane","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"subject of venne","gloss":"young man","note":"'Giovine' is an older poetic form of 'giovane' ('young man'), not a distinct word."},{"surface":"cieco","lemma":"cieco","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies giovine","gloss":"blind"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of palpava","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"palpava","lemma":"palpare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on giovine","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sfiorava","lemma":"sfiorare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with palpava","gloss":"brushed"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of muri","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"muri","lemma":"muro","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of sfiorava","gloss":"walls"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bastone","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of bastone","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sottile","lemma":"sottile","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies bastone","gloss":"slender"},{"surface":"bastone","lemma":"bastone","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sfiorava","gloss":"cane"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oleandro","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"oleandro","lemma":"oleandro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies bastone","gloss":"oleander"}]},{"number":49,"label":"25","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p25-s1","source":"Uno dei vecchi fratelli prese Maria Franzisca per la vita, la spinse verso il fidanzato e disse:","translation":"One of the old brothers took Maria Franzisca by the waist, pushed her toward her fiancé, and said:","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Uno","lemma":"uno","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of prese","gloss":"One"},{"surface":"dei","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fratelli","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"vecchi","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies fratelli","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"fratelli","lemma":"fratello","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies Uno","gloss":"brothers"},{"surface":"prese","lemma":"prendere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"Maria","lemma":"Maria","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of prese","gloss":"Maria"},{"surface":"Franzisca","lemma":"Franzisca","morphology":"proper noun","role":"depends on Maria","gloss":"Franzisca"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vita","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vita","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vita","lemma":"vita","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of prese","gloss":"waist"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"la","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of spinse","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"spinse","lemma":"spingere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with prese","gloss":"pushed"},{"surface":"verso","lemma":"verso","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fidanzato","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of fidanzato","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fidanzato","lemma":"fidanzato","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of spinse","gloss":"fiancé"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"disse","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with prese","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":50,"label":"26","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p26-s1","source":"— Che fate, agnellini del mio cuore?","translation":"— What are you doing, little lambs of my heart?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of fate","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"fate","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"are doing"},{"surface":"agnellini","lemma":"agnellino","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"vocative address","gloss":"little lambs"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cuore","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"mio","lemma":"mio","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on cuore","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"cuore","lemma":"cuore","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies agnellini","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":51,"label":"","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p26-s2","source":"Perchè state così lontani come le stelle?","translation":"Why do you stay as far apart as the stars?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Perchè","lemma":"perché","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies state","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"state","lemma":"stare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stay"},{"surface":"così","lemma":"così","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lontani","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"lontani","lemma":"lontano","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"predicate complement of state","gloss":"far apart"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stelle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of stelle","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"stelle","lemma":"stella","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of lontani","gloss":"stars"}]},{"number":52,"label":"","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p26-s3","source":"Tenetevi dunque per mano, abbracciatevi....","translation":"Hold each other's hands, then, embrace….","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tenetevi","lemma":"tenersi","morphology":"verb, present, imperative, second-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"hold","note":"'Tenetevi' = 'tenete' (imperative) + 'vi' ('yourselves' plural), from reflexive 'tenersi'."},{"surface":"dunque","lemma":"dunque","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Tenetevi","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mano","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"mano","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Tenetevi","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"abbracciatevi","lemma":"abbracciarsi","morphology":"verb, present, imperative, second-person, plural","role":"coordinated with Tenetevi","gloss":"embrace"}]},{"number":53,"label":"27","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p27-s1","source":"I due giovani si guardarono ardentemente; ma zio Diddinu alzò la voce tonante:","translation":"The two young people looked at each other ardently; but uncle Diddinu raised his thundering voice:","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"I","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of giovani","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"due","lemma":"due","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies giovani","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"giovani","lemma":"giovane","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"subject of guardarono","gloss":"young people"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"expletive with guardarono","gloss":"each other"},{"surface":"guardarono","lemma":"guardare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"looked at"},{"surface":"ardentemente","lemma":"ardentemente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies guardarono","gloss":"ardently"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"zio","lemma":"zio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of alzò","gloss":"uncle"},{"surface":"Diddinu","lemma":"Diddinu","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies zio","gloss":"Diddinu"},{"surface":"alzò","lemma":"alzare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"raised"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of voce","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"voce","lemma":"voce","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of alzò","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"tonante","lemma":"tonante","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies voce","gloss":"thundering"}]},{"number":54,"label":"28","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p28-s1","source":"— Vecchio ariete, lasciali in pace: essi non hanno bisogno dei tuoi consigli.","translation":"— Old ram, leave them in peace: they have no need of your advice.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vecchio","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"vocative, modifies ariete","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"ariete","lemma":"ariete","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"vocative head, modified by Vecchio","gloss":"ram"},{"surface":"lasciali","lemma":"lasciare","morphology":"verb, present, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"leave them","note":"'Lasciali' = 'lascia' (imperative) + 'li' ('them')."},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pace","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"pace","lemma":"pace","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of lasciali","gloss":"peace"},{"surface":"essi","lemma":"esso","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of hanno","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hanno","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"hanno","lemma":"avere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"bisogno","lemma":"bisogno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of hanno","gloss":"need"},{"surface":"dei","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking consigli","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"tuoi","lemma":"tuo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"depends on consigli","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"consigli","lemma":"consiglio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies bisogno","gloss":"advice"}]},{"number":55,"label":"29","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p29-s1","source":"— Lo so, e neppure dei tuoi!","translation":"— I know, and none of yours either!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of so","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"so","lemma":"sapere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"neppure","lemma":"neppure","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tuoi","gloss":"not even"},{"surface":"dei","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tuoi","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"tuoi","lemma":"tuo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"elliptical complement, parallel to consigli","gloss":"yours"}]},{"number":56,"label":"","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p29-s2","source":"Essi troveranno bene il modo di consigliarsi fra loro! — rispose il vecchio.","translation":"They'll find a way well enough to advise each other! — answered the old man.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Essi","lemma":"esso","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of troveranno","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"troveranno","lemma":"trovare","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will find"},{"surface":"bene","lemma":"bene","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies troveranno","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of modo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"modo","lemma":"modo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of troveranno","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of consigliarsi","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"consigliarsi","lemma":"consigliarsi","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying modo","gloss":"advise each other"},{"surface":"fra","lemma":"fra","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking loro","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"loro","lemma":"loro","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"oblique complement of consigliarsi","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"rispose","lemma":"rispondere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vecchio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vecchio","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of rispose","gloss":"old man"}]},{"number":57,"label":"30","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p30-s1","source":"— Se ciò fosse, — disse il contadino, — io dovrei scacciare quel giovane come si scacciano le vespe.","translation":"— If that were so, — said the farmer, — I would have to drive that young man off the way one drives off wasps.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Se ciò fosse","title":"Congiuntivo imperfetto in a hypothetical","body":"«fosse» is the imperfect subjunctive of «essere», used in the 'if' clause of a hypothetical period; the main clause answers with the conditional «dovrei» — 'If that were so, I would have to...' — the standard se + congiuntivo imperfetto / condizionale pattern."}],"words":[{"surface":"Se","lemma":"se","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the conditional clause modifying dovrei","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"ciò","lemma":"ciò","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of fosse","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"fosse","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to ciò","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"disse","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"parenthetical main verb (reporting clause)","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of contadino","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"contadino","lemma":"contadino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of disse","gloss":"farmer"},{"surface":"io","lemma":"io","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of dovrei","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"dovrei","lemma":"dovere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, conditional, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of scacciare","gloss":"would have to"},{"surface":"scacciare","lemma":"scacciare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"drive off"},{"surface":"quel","lemma":"quello","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of giovane","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"giovane","lemma":"giovane","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"direct object of scacciare","gloss":"young man"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of scacciano","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"expletive with scacciano","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"scacciano","lemma":"scacciare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"adverbial clause on scacciare","gloss":"drives off"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of vespe","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vespe","lemma":"vespa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of scacciano","gloss":"wasps"}]},{"number":58,"label":"","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p30-s2","source":"Da bere, Maria Franzisca!","translation":"Something to drink, Maria Franzisca!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Da","lemma":"da","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of bere","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"bere","lemma":"bere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"head of the elliptical exclamation ('something to drink')","gloss":"drink"},{"surface":"Maria","lemma":"Maria","morphology":"proper noun","role":"vocative address","gloss":"Maria"},{"surface":"Franzisca","lemma":"Franzisca","morphology":"proper noun","role":"depends on Maria","gloss":"Franzisca"}]},{"number":59,"label":"31","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p31-s1","source":"La fanciulla si tolse, un po’ mortificata, dalle braccia del vecchio, e Predu disse, accomodandosi la berretta e sorridendo:","translation":"The girl drew herself, a little mortified, from the old man's arms, and Predu said, adjusting his cap and smiling:","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of fanciulla","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fanciulla","lemma":"fanciulla","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of tolse","gloss":"girl"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"expletive with tolse","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"tolse","lemma":"togliere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"drew"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of po’","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"po’","lemma":"po’","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mortificata","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"mortificata","lemma":"mortificare","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"complement of tolse","gloss":"mortified"},{"surface":"dalle","lemma":"da il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking braccia","gloss":"from the"},{"surface":"braccia","lemma":"braccio","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of tolse","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vecchio","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"vecchio","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies braccia","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Predu","lemma":"Predu","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of disse","gloss":"Predu"},{"surface":"disse","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with tolse","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"accomodandosi","lemma":"accomodarsi","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on disse","gloss":"adjusting"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of berretta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"berretta","lemma":"berretta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of accomodandosi","gloss":"cap"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sorridendo","lemma":"sorridere","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"coordinated with accomodandosi","gloss":"smiling"}]},{"number":60,"label":"32","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p32-s1","source":"— Bene!","translation":"— Well!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Bene","lemma":"bene","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Well"}]},{"number":61,"label":"","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p32-s2","source":"Cantare e mangiare non si può, nè altro….","translation":"One can't sing or eat, nor anything else….","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Cantare","lemma":"cantare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sing"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mangiare","lemma":"mangiare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with Cantare","gloss":"eat"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies può","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"expletive with può","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"può","lemma":"potere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence, governs Cantare/mangiare","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"nè","lemma":"nè","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"altro","lemma":"altro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"elliptical complement, parallel to Cantare/mangiare","gloss":"anything else"}]},{"number":62,"label":"","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p32-s3","source":"Ma bere sì?","translation":"But can one drink?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"bere","lemma":"bere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"drink"},{"surface":"sì","lemma":"sì","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bere","gloss":"yes"}]},{"number":63,"label":"33","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p33-s1","source":"— Si può tutto perchè Dio è grande, — mormorò il cieco, seduto accanto al fidanzato.","translation":"— Everything is allowed, because God is great, — murmured the blind man, seated beside the fiancé.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, impersonal/passive","role":"impersonal marker with può","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"può","lemma":"potere","morphology":"verb, modal, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (impersonal si)","gloss":"allowed"},{"surface":"tutto","lemma":"tutto","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of può","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"perchè","lemma":"perché","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the causal clause (Dio è grande)","gloss":"because","note":"older spelling of perché."},{"surface":"Dio","lemma":"Dio","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of è","gloss":"God"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to grande","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"grande","lemma":"grande","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate adjective of è","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"mormorò","lemma":"mormorare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"murmured"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cieco","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cieco","lemma":"cieco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of mormorò","gloss":"blind man"},{"surface":"seduto","lemma":"sedere","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cieco","gloss":"seated"},{"surface":"accanto","lemma":"accanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition marking fidanzato","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"a il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of fidanzato","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fidanzato","lemma":"fidanzato","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of accanto al","gloss":"fiancé"}]},{"number":64,"label":"","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p33-s2","source":"— Gloria a Dio in cielo e pace in terra agli uomini di buona volontà.","translation":"— Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace to men of good will.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Gloria","lemma":"gloria","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Glory"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Dio","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Dio","lemma":"Dio","morphology":"proper noun","role":"object of preposition a","gloss":"God"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cielo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"cielo","lemma":"cielo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Gloria a Dio","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"pace","lemma":"pace","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with Gloria","gloss":"peace"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking terra","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"terra","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies pace","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"agli","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking uomini","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"uomini","lemma":"uomo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies pace","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking volontà","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"buona","lemma":"buono","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies volontà","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"volontà","lemma":"volontà","morphology":"noun, feminine","role":"modifies uomini","gloss":"will"}]},{"number":65,"label":"34","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p34-s1","source":"E bevettero, e come!","translation":"And they drank, and how!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"E","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"bevettero","lemma":"bere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"drank"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"adverb","role":"exclamatory adverb intensifying bevettero","gloss":"how"}]},{"number":66,"label":"","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p34-s2","source":"Solo Pietro bagnava appena le labbra sull’orlo del bicchiere.","translation":"Only Pietro barely wet his lips on the rim of the glass.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Solo","lemma":"solo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Pietro","gloss":"Only"},{"surface":"Pietro","lemma":"Pietro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of bagnava","gloss":"Pietro"},{"surface":"bagnava","lemma":"bagnare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wet"},{"surface":"appena","lemma":"appena","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bagnava","gloss":"barely"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of labbra","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"labbra","lemma":"labbro","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of bagnava","gloss":"lips"},{"surface":"sull’","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking orlo","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"orlo","lemma":"orlo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of bagnava","gloss":"rim"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bicchiere","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"bicchiere","lemma":"bicchiere","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies orlo","gloss":"glass"}]},{"number":67,"label":"","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p34-s3","source":"Fuori le campane suonavano; s’udivano grida e canzoni errare col vento.","translation":"Outside the bells were ringing; shouts and songs could be heard drifting on the wind.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Fuori","lemma":"fuori","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies suonavano","gloss":"Outside"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of campane","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"campane","lemma":"campana","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of suonavano","gloss":"bells"},{"surface":"suonavano","lemma":"suonare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"were ringing"},{"surface":"s’","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, impersonal/passive","role":"passive marker with udivano","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"udivano","lemma":"udire","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"grida","lemma":"grido","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of udivano","gloss":"shouts","note":"grida is the irregular feminine plural of the masculine noun il grido."},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"canzoni","lemma":"canzone","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with grida","gloss":"songs"},{"surface":"errare","lemma":"errare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of udivano","gloss":"drifting"},{"surface":"col","lemma":"con il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vento","gloss":"with the"},{"surface":"vento","lemma":"vento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of errare","gloss":"wind"}]},{"number":68,"label":"","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p34-s4","source":"Verso le undici tutti si alzarono per recarsi alla messa di mezzanotte; in casa rimase solo la vecchissima ava, la quale in gioventù aveva udito dire che i morti tornano la notte di Natale a visitare le case dei parenti.","translation":"Toward eleven everyone rose to go to midnight Mass; in the house there remained only the very old grandmother, who in her youth had heard it said that the dead return on Christmas night to visit the houses of their kin.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ava","title":"«ava» = grandmother","body":"An archaic, literary word for grandmother (modern everyday Italian would say «nonna»); its use signals the story's old-fashioned, rural register."}],"words":[{"surface":"Verso","lemma":"verso","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking undici","gloss":"Toward"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of undici","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"undici","lemma":"undici","morphology":"numeral","role":"object of Verso, time expression on alzarono","gloss":"eleven"},{"surface":"tutti","lemma":"tutto","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of alzarono","gloss":"everyone"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive pronoun of alzarono","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"alzarono","lemma":"alzare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the purpose clause of recarsi","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"recarsi","lemma":"recarsi","morphology":"verb, infinitive, reflexive","role":"purpose clause on alzarono","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking messa","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"messa","lemma":"messa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of recarsi","gloss":"Mass"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mezzanotte","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"mezzanotte","lemma":"mezzanotte","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies messa","gloss":"midnight"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking casa","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"casa","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of rimase","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"rimase","lemma":"rimanere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"remained"},{"surface":"solo","lemma":"solo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ava","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ava","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vecchissima","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular, superlative absolute","role":"modifies ava","gloss":"very old"},{"surface":"ava","lemma":"ava","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of rimase","gloss":"grandmother","note":"ava is an old, literary word for grandmother (nonna)."},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of quale","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"quale","lemma":"quale","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of udito","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gioventù","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"gioventù","lemma":"gioventù","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of aveva udito","gloss":"youth"},{"surface":"aveva","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of udito","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"udito","lemma":"udire","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"relative clause on ava","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"dire","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of udito","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tornano","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of morti","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"morti","lemma":"morto","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of tornano","gloss":"dead"},{"surface":"tornano","lemma":"tornare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clausal complement of dire","gloss":"return"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of notte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"notte","lemma":"notte","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"time expression modifying tornano","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Natale","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Natale","lemma":"Natale","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies notte","gloss":"Christmas"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the purpose clause of visitare","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"visitare","lemma":"visitare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of tornano","gloss":"visit"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of case","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"case","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of visitare","gloss":"houses"},{"surface":"dei","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking parenti","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"parenti","lemma":"parente","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"modifies case","gloss":"relatives"}]},{"number":69,"label":"","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p34-s5","source":"Ella quindi praticava un antico rito: preparava un piatto di vivande ed un boccale di vino pei morti.","translation":"So she practiced an old rite: she prepared a plate of food and a jug of wine for the dead.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ella","lemma":"ella","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of praticava","gloss":"She"},{"surface":"quindi","lemma":"quindi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies praticava","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"praticava","lemma":"praticare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"practiced"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of rito","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"antico","lemma":"antico","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies rito","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"rito","lemma":"rito","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of praticava","gloss":"rite"},{"surface":"preparava","lemma":"preparare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"prepared"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of piatto","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"piatto","lemma":"piatto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of preparava","gloss":"plate"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vivande","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"vivande","lemma":"vivanda","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies piatto","gloss":"food"},{"surface":"ed","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of boccale","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"boccale","lemma":"boccale","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with piatto","gloss":"jug"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vino","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"vino","lemma":"vino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies boccale","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"pei","lemma":"per i","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking morti","gloss":"for the","note":"pei = per i (archaic/literary contraction)."},{"surface":"morti","lemma":"morto","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of preparava","gloss":"dead"}]},{"number":70,"label":"","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p34-s6","source":"Anche quella notte, appena fu sola si alzò, prese il vino e le vivande, e le depose in una scaletta esterna, che saliva dal cortile alle stanze superiori della casa.","translation":"That night too, as soon as she was alone she rose, took the wine and the food, and set them on an outside stairway that climbed from the courtyard to the upper rooms of the house.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Anche","lemma":"anche","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies notte","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"quella","lemma":"quello","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of notte","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"notte","lemma":"notte","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"time expression modifying alzò","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"appena","lemma":"appena","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the temporal clause of fu","gloss":"as soon as"},{"surface":"fu","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to sola","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"sola","lemma":"solo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"predicate of fu, clause modifies alzò","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive pronoun of alzò","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"alzò","lemma":"alzare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"prese","lemma":"prendere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with alzò","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vino","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vino","lemma":"vino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of prese","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of vivande","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vivande","lemma":"vivanda","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with vino","gloss":"food"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, plural, clitic","role":"direct object of depose","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"depose","lemma":"deporre","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with prese","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking scaletta","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of scaletta","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"scaletta","lemma":"scaletta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of depose","gloss":"stairway"},{"surface":"esterna","lemma":"esterno","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies scaletta","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of saliva","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"saliva","lemma":"salire","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on scaletta","gloss":"climbed"},{"surface":"dal","lemma":"da il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cortile","gloss":"from the"},{"surface":"cortile","lemma":"cortile","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of saliva","gloss":"courtyard"},{"surface":"alle","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stanze","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"stanze","lemma":"stanza","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of saliva","gloss":"rooms"},{"surface":"superiori","lemma":"superiore","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies stanze","gloss":"upper"},{"surface":"della","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking casa","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"casa","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies stanze","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":71,"label":"35","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p35-s1","source":"Un vicino povero, che conosceva la credenza e il rito della vecchia, saltò il muro di cinta e vuotò le vivande ed il vino.","translation":"A poor neighbor, who knew the old woman's belief and her rite, jumped over the boundary wall and emptied the food and the wine.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vicino","gloss":"A"},{"surface":"vicino","lemma":"vicino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of saltò","gloss":"neighbor"},{"surface":"povero","lemma":"povero","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies vicino","gloss":"poor"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of conosceva","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"conosceva","lemma":"conoscere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on vicino","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of credenza","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"credenza","lemma":"credenza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of conosceva","gloss":"belief"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of rito","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"rito","lemma":"rito","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with credenza","gloss":"rite"},{"surface":"della","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vecchia","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"vecchia","lemma":"vecchia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies rito","gloss":"old woman"},{"surface":"saltò","lemma":"saltare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"jumped"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of muro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"muro","lemma":"muro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of saltò","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cinta","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cinta","lemma":"cinta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies muro","gloss":"boundary"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vuotò","lemma":"vuotare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with saltò","gloss":"emptied"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of vivande","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vivande","lemma":"vivanda","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of vuotò","gloss":"food"},{"surface":"ed","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vino","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vino","lemma":"vino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with vivande","gloss":"wine"}]},{"number":72,"label":"36","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p36-s1","source":"Appena ritornati dalla messa, giovani e vecchi si misero allegramente a cenare.","translation":"As soon as they returned from Mass, young and old cheerfully sat down to supper.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Appena","lemma":"appena","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ritornati","gloss":"As soon as"},{"surface":"ritornati","lemma":"ritornare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, plural","role":"adverbial clause on misero","gloss":"returned"},{"surface":"dalla","lemma":"da il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking messa","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"messa","lemma":"messa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of ritornati","gloss":"Mass"},{"surface":"giovani","lemma":"giovane","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"subject of misero","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vecchi","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with giovani","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive pronoun of misero","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"misero","lemma":"mettere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sat down","note":"mettersi a + infinitive means to set about/start doing something; rendered idiomatically as sat down to."},{"surface":"allegramente","lemma":"allegramente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies misero","gloss":"cheerfully"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of cenare","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"cenare","lemma":"cenare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of misero","gloss":"have supper"}]},{"number":73,"label":"","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p36-s2","source":"Furono spiegati per terra lunghi sacchi di pannilano, e su questi le tovaglie di lino filate in casa: entro grandi recipienti di creta gialla e rossa fumarono i maccheroni fatti dalle donne, e nei taglieri di legno fu abilmente tagliato da Pietro il porchetto arrostito a puntino.","translation":"Long sacks of woolen cloth were spread out on the ground, and on these the linen cloths spun at home: inside large yellow and red earthenware bowls steamed the macaroni made by the women, and on wooden trenchers the perfectly roasted suckling pig was skillfully carved by Pietro.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"pannilano","title":"«pannilano»","body":"Coarse homespun wool sacking, spread on the floor here as a rustic groundcloth before the meal — a detail of traditional Sardinian domestic life."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"taglieri","title":"«tagliere»","body":"A wooden cutting board or trencher used to serve meat straight at the table — here where Pietro carves the roast suckling pig."}],"words":[{"surface":"Furono","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"passive auxiliary of spiegati","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"spiegati","lemma":"spiegare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"spread out"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking terra","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"terra","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of spiegati","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"lunghi","lemma":"lungo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies sacchi","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"sacchi","lemma":"sacco","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of passive spiegati","gloss":"sacks"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pannilano","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"pannilano","lemma":"pannilano","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies sacchi","gloss":"woolen cloth"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking questi","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"questi","lemma":"questo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"depends on tovaglie","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of tovaglie","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tovaglie","lemma":"tovaglia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of an elided spiegate, parallel to sacchi","gloss":"cloths"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lino","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"lino","lemma":"lino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies tovaglie","gloss":"linen"},{"surface":"filate","lemma":"filare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, feminine, plural","role":"clause modifying tovaglie","gloss":"spun"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking casa","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"casa","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of filate","gloss":"home"},{"surface":"entro","lemma":"entro","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking recipienti","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"grandi","lemma":"grande","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies recipienti","gloss":"large"},{"surface":"recipienti","lemma":"recipiente","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of fumarono","gloss":"bowls"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking creta","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"creta","lemma":"creta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies recipienti","gloss":"earthenware"},{"surface":"gialla","lemma":"giallo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies creta","gloss":"yellow"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"rossa","lemma":"rosso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with gialla","gloss":"red"},{"surface":"fumarono","lemma":"fumare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"steamed"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of maccheroni","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"maccheroni","lemma":"maccherone","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of fumarono","gloss":"macaroni"},{"surface":"fatti","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, plural","role":"clause modifying maccheroni","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"dalle","lemma":"da il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking donne","gloss":"by the"},{"surface":"donne","lemma":"donna","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"agent of fatti","gloss":"women"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nei","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking taglieri","gloss":"on the"},{"surface":"taglieri","lemma":"tagliere","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of tagliato","gloss":"trenchers"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking legno","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"legno","lemma":"legno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies taglieri","gloss":"wood"},{"surface":"fu","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"passive auxiliary of tagliato","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"abilmente","lemma":"abilmente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tagliato","gloss":"skillfully"},{"surface":"tagliato","lemma":"tagliare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the clause, passive with fu","gloss":"carved"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Pietro","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"Pietro","lemma":"Pietro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"agent of tagliato","gloss":"Pietro"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of porchetto","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"porchetto","lemma":"porchetto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of passive tagliato","gloss":"suckling pig"},{"surface":"arrostito","lemma":"arrostire","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying porchetto","gloss":"roasted"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking puntino","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"puntino","lemma":"puntino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of arrostito","gloss":"a turn","note":"Idiom 'a puntino' = 'perfectly, just right' (as of cooking)."}]},{"number":74,"label":"37","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p37-s1","source":"Tutti mangiavano seduti per terra, su stuoie e sacchi; una fiamma potente cigolava sul focolare, spandendo chiarori rossastri sulle figure degli invitati; sembrava un quadro omerico.","translation":"Everyone ate seated on the ground, on mats and sacks; a powerful flame crackled on the hearth, casting reddish glimmers over the figures of the guests; it looked like a scene out of Homer.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tutti","lemma":"tutto","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of mangiavano","gloss":"Everyone"},{"surface":"mangiavano","lemma":"mangiare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"ate"},{"surface":"seduti","lemma":"sedere","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, plural","role":"clause modifying mangiavano","gloss":"seated"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking terra","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"terra","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of seduti","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stuoie","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"stuoie","lemma":"stuoia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of seduti","gloss":"mats"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sacchi","lemma":"sacco","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with stuoie","gloss":"sacks"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of fiamma","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"fiamma","lemma":"fiamma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of cigolava","gloss":"flame"},{"surface":"potente","lemma":"potente","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies fiamma","gloss":"powerful"},{"surface":"cigolava","lemma":"cigolare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"crackled"},{"surface":"sul","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking focolare","gloss":"on the"},{"surface":"focolare","lemma":"focolare","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of cigolava","gloss":"hearth"},{"surface":"spandendo","lemma":"spandere","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"coordinated with cigolava","gloss":"casting"},{"surface":"chiarori","lemma":"chiarore","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of spandendo","gloss":"glimmers"},{"surface":"rossastri","lemma":"rossastro","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies chiarori","gloss":"reddish"},{"surface":"sulle","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking figure","gloss":"over the"},{"surface":"figure","lemma":"figura","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of spandendo","gloss":"figures"},{"surface":"degli","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking invitati","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"invitati","lemma":"invitato","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies figure","gloss":"guests"},{"surface":"sembrava","lemma":"sembrare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"looked like"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of quadro","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"quadro","lemma":"quadro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of sembrava","gloss":"scene"},{"surface":"omerico","lemma":"omerico","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies quadro","gloss":"Homeric"}]},{"number":75,"label":"","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p37-s2","source":"E quanto si bevette!","translation":"And how much they drank!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"E","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"quanto","lemma":"quanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bevette","gloss":"how much"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"impersonal/passive particle of bevette","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"bevette","lemma":"bere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"drank"}]},{"number":76,"label":"38","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p38-s1","source":"Dopo cena le donne, per il rigido volere del padrone, dovettero ritirarsi; gli uomini sedettero o si sdraiarono attorno al focolare e cominciarono a cantare.","translation":"After supper the women, by the master's strict will, had to withdraw; the men sat or lay down around the hearth and began to sing.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dopo","lemma":"dopo","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cena","gloss":"After"},{"surface":"cena","lemma":"cena","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies donne","gloss":"supper"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of donne","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"donne","lemma":"donna","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of ritirarsi","gloss":"women"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking volere","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of volere","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"rigido","lemma":"rigido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies volere","gloss":"strict"},{"surface":"volere","lemma":"volere","morphology":"noun (nominalized infinitive), masculine, singular","role":"object of per, modifies dovettero ritirarsi","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking padrone","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"padrone","lemma":"padrone","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies volere","gloss":"master"},{"surface":"dovettero","lemma":"dovere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of ritirarsi","gloss":"had to"},{"surface":"ritirarsi","lemma":"ritirarsi","morphology":"verb, infinitive, reflexive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"withdraw"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of uomini","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"uomini","lemma":"uomo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of sedettero","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"sedettero","lemma":"sedere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"reflexive particle of sdraiarono","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"sdraiarono","lemma":"sdraiarsi","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with sedettero","gloss":"lay down"},{"surface":"attorno","lemma":"attorno","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition marking focolare","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"a il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of focolare","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"focolare","lemma":"focolare","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sdraiarono","gloss":"hearth"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"cominciarono","lemma":"cominciare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with sedettero","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of cantare","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"cantare","lemma":"cantare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of cominciarono","gloss":"sing"}]},{"number":77,"label":"","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p38-s2","source":"Erano tutti rossi fin sulle orecchie, con gli occhi languidi eppur lucenti.","translation":"They were all flushed to their ears, their eyes languid yet bright.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Erano","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to rossi","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"tutti","lemma":"tutto","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of rossi","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"rossi","lemma":"rosso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"flushed"},{"surface":"fin","lemma":"fino","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition marking orecchie","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"sulle","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking orecchie","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"orecchie","lemma":"orecchia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of rossi","gloss":"ears"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking occhi","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of occhi","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"occhi","lemma":"occhio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of rossi","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"languidi","lemma":"languido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies occhi","gloss":"languid"},{"surface":"eppur","lemma":"eppur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lucenti","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"lucenti","lemma":"lucente","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies occhi","gloss":"bright"}]},{"number":78,"label":"","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p38-s3","source":"Il vecchio contadino cominciò la gara.","translation":"The old farmer opened the contest.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of contadino","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"vecchio","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies contadino","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"contadino","lemma":"contadino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of cominciò","gloss":"farmer"},{"surface":"cominciò","lemma":"cominciare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"opened"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of gara","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"gara","lemma":"gara","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of cominciò","gloss":"contest"}]},{"number":79,"label":"39","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p39-s1","source":"— Dunque, — cantava il vecchio, — cosa dici, genero mio: è meglio esser ridotti a sette oncie di polvere spregevole, o ritrovare intatto il nostro corpo nel giorno del giudizio universale? ecc., ecc.","translation":"— So then, — sang the old man, — what do you say, my son-in-law: is it better to be reduced to seven ounces of contemptible dust, or to find our body intact on the day of the Last Judgment? and so on, and so on.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dunque","lemma":"dunque","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies cantava","gloss":"So then"},{"surface":"cantava","lemma":"cantare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sang"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vecchio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vecchio","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of cantava","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"cosa","lemma":"cosa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of dici","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"dici","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"verb of the quoted question, addressed to genero","gloss":"do you say"},{"surface":"genero","lemma":"genero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"vocative addressee of dici","gloss":"son-in-law"},{"surface":"mio","lemma":"mio","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"modifies genero","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to meglio","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"meglio","lemma":"meglio","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"esser","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of ridotti","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"ridotti","lemma":"ridurre","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, plural","role":"depends on meglio","gloss":"reduced"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oncie","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sette","lemma":"sette","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies oncie","gloss":"seven"},{"surface":"oncie","lemma":"oncia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of ridotti","gloss":"ounces"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking polvere","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"polvere","lemma":"polvere","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies oncie","gloss":"dust"},{"surface":"spregevole","lemma":"spregevole","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies polvere","gloss":"contemptible"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ritrovare","lemma":"ritrovare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with ridotti","gloss":"find"},{"surface":"intatto","lemma":"intatto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"complement of ritrovare","gloss":"intact"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of corpo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nostro","lemma":"nostro","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on corpo","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"corpo","lemma":"corpo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of ritrovare","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"nel","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking giorno","gloss":"on the"},{"surface":"giorno","lemma":"giorno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of ritrovare","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking giudizio","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"giudizio","lemma":"giudizio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies giorno","gloss":"Judgment"},{"surface":"universale","lemma":"universale","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies giudizio","gloss":"universal","note":"'giudizio universale' is the set Italian phrase for 'Last Judgment,' literally 'universal judgment.'"},{"surface":"ecc.","lemma":"eccetera","morphology":"abbreviation","role":"trailing et-cetera marker","gloss":"and so on"},{"surface":"ecc.","lemma":"eccetera","morphology":"abbreviation","role":"repeated, coordinated with the previous ecc.","gloss":"and so on"}]},{"number":80,"label":"40","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p40-s1","source":"Pietro s’accomodò la berretta e rispose.","translation":"Pietro adjusted his cap and answered.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pietro","lemma":"Pietro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of accomodò","gloss":"Pietro"},{"surface":"s’","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"reflexive dative particle of accomodò","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"accomodò","lemma":"accomodare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"adjusted"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of berretta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"berretta","lemma":"berretta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of accomodò","gloss":"cap"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"rispose","lemma":"rispondere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with accomodò","gloss":"answered"}]},{"number":81,"label":"41","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p41-s1","source":"— L’argomento è funebre — cantò, — pensiamo ad altre cose: cantiamo l’amore, il piacere, sas Venus hermosas (le Veneri belle)…. infine cose liete e graziose.","translation":"— The subject is funereal — he sang, — let's think of other things: let's sing of love, of pleasure, sas Venus hermosas (the beautiful Venuses)…. cheerful and graceful things, in short.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"L’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of argomento","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"argomento","lemma":"argomento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of funebre","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to funebre","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"funebre","lemma":"funebre","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"funereal"},{"surface":"cantò","lemma":"cantare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the narrator's frame clause (he sang)","gloss":"he sang"},{"surface":"pensiamo","lemma":"pensare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of hortative clause","gloss":"let's think"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cose","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"altre","lemma":"altro","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of cose","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"cose","lemma":"cosa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of pensiamo","gloss":"things"},{"surface":"cantiamo","lemma":"cantare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"let's sing"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of amore","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"amore","lemma":"amore","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of cantiamo","gloss":"love"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of piacere","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"piacere","lemma":"piacere","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with amore","gloss":"pleasure"},{"surface":"sas","lemma":"sas","morphology":"article (Sardinian), feminine, plural","role":"foreign determiner of Venus, coordinated with amore/piacere as object of cantiamo","gloss":"the","note":"Sardinian (Logudorese) 'sas' = 'the'; the phrase 'sas Venus hermosas' is glossed by the author right after in Italian, 'le Veneri belle.'"},{"surface":"Venus","lemma":"Venus","morphology":"noun (Sardinian/Latin), plural","role":"head noun of the foreign phrase, coordinated with amore/piacere","gloss":"Venuses"},{"surface":"hermosas","lemma":"hermosas","morphology":"adjective (Sardinian/Spanish), feminine, plural","role":"modifies Venus","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of Veneri","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Veneri","lemma":"Venere","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"appositive Italian gloss of sas Venus hermosas","gloss":"Venuses"},{"surface":"belle","lemma":"bello","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies Veneri","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"infine","lemma":"infine","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies cose","gloss":"in short"},{"surface":"cose","lemma":"cosa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"things"},{"surface":"liete","lemma":"lieto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies cose","gloss":"cheerful"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"graziose","lemma":"grazioso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with liete","gloss":"graceful"}]},{"number":82,"label":"42","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p42-s1","source":"Tutti, tranne il contadino, applaudirono la strofa pagana; ma il vecchio poeta si stizzì e disse, in versi, che il suo contradditore non voleva rispondere, perchè non si sentiva capace di trattare l’altissimo argomento.","translation":"Everyone, except the farmer, applauded the pagan stanza; but the old poet grew irritated and said, in verse, that his opponent did not wish to answer, because he did not feel capable of dealing with so lofty a subject.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tutti","lemma":"tutto","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of applaudirono","gloss":"Everyone"},{"surface":"tranne","lemma":"tranne","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking contadino","gloss":"except"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of contadino","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"contadino","lemma":"contadino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of applaudirono","gloss":"farmer"},{"surface":"applaudirono","lemma":"applaudire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"applauded"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of strofa","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"strofa","lemma":"strofa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of applaudirono","gloss":"stanza"},{"surface":"pagana","lemma":"pagano","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies strofa","gloss":"pagan"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of poeta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vecchio","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies poeta","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"poeta","lemma":"poeta","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of stizzì","gloss":"poet"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"expletive with stizzì","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"stizzì","lemma":"stizzirsi","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"grew irritated"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"disse","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with stizzì","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking versi","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"versi","lemma":"verso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of disse","gloss":"verse"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of rispondere","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of contradditore","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"suo","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on contradditore","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"contradditore","lemma":"contradditore","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of rispondere","gloss":"opponent"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies voleva","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"voleva","lemma":"volere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of rispondere","gloss":"wished"},{"surface":"rispondere","lemma":"rispondere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of disse","gloss":"to answer"},{"surface":"perchè","lemma":"perché","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sentiva","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sentiva","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"depends on sentiva","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"sentiva","lemma":"sentire","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on rispondere","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"capace","lemma":"capace","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"complement of sentiva","gloss":"capable"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of trattare","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"trattare","lemma":"trattare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on capace","gloss":"dealing with"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of argomento","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"altissimo","lemma":"alto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular, abs","role":"modifies argomento","gloss":"very lofty"},{"surface":"argomento","lemma":"argomento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of trattare","gloss":"subject"}]},{"number":83,"label":"43","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p43-s1","source":"Allora Predu tornò ad accomodarsi la berretta e rispose, sempre in versi sardi:","translation":"Then Predu once more adjusted his cap and answered, still in Sardinian verse:","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Allora","lemma":"allora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tornò","gloss":"Then"},{"surface":"Predu","lemma":"Predu","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of tornò","gloss":"Predu"},{"surface":"tornò","lemma":"tornare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went back to","note":"tornare a + infinitive = to do (something) again."},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of accomodarsi","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"accomodarsi","lemma":"accomodare si","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of tornò","gloss":"adjusting"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of berretta","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"berretta","lemma":"berretta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of accomodarsi","gloss":"cap"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"rispose","lemma":"rispondere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with tornò","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"sempre","lemma":"sempre","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies versi","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking versi","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"versi","lemma":"verso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of rispose","gloss":"verse"},{"surface":"sardi","lemma":"sardo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies versi","gloss":"Sardinian"}]},{"number":84,"label":"44","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p44-s1","source":"“Ebbene, giacchè volete, vi rispondo; l’argomento non mi piace perchè è triste, non vorrei pensare alla morte, giusto in questa notte di gioia e di vita ma, giacchè lo desiderate, vi dico: non m’importa proprio niente che il nostro corpo resti intatto o si dissolva.","translation":"“Well then, since you wish it, I'll answer you; I don't like the subject because it's sad, I would rather not think of death, precisely on this night of joy and life, but since you desire it, I tell you: it matters nothing at all to me whether our body remains intact or dissolves.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"giacchè","title":"«giacchè» = 'since, seeing that'","body":"An old-fashioned literary conjunction meaning 'since, given that' (today more often «giacché» or «dato che»); its repetition marks Predu's sung reply as formal, verse-like speech."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ebbene","lemma":"ebbene","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"Well then"},{"surface":"giacchè","lemma":"giacché","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of volete","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"volete","lemma":"volere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, plural","role":"adverbial clause on rispondo","gloss":"you wish"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"indirect object of rispondo","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"rispondo","lemma":"rispondere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I'll answer"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of argomento","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"argomento","lemma":"argomento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of piace","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies piace","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"indirect object of piace","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"piace","lemma":"piacere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is pleasing"},{"surface":"perchè","lemma":"perché","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of triste","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to triste","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"triste","lemma":"triste","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate complement of è","gloss":"sad"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vorrei","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"vorrei","lemma":"volere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, conditional, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of pensare","gloss":"would rather"},{"surface":"pensare","lemma":"pensare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of vorrei","gloss":"think"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking morte","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"morte","lemma":"morte","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of pensare","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"giusto","lemma":"giusto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies notte","gloss":"precisely"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking notte","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"questa","lemma":"questo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of notte","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"notte","lemma":"notte","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"temporal complement of vorrei","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gioia","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"gioia","lemma":"gioia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies notte","gloss":"joy"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vita","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"vita","lemma":"vita","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with gioia","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"giacchè","lemma":"giacché","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of desiderate","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of desiderate","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"desiderate","lemma":"desiderare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, plural","role":"adverbial clause on dico","gloss":"you desire"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"indirect object of dico","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"dico","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I tell"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies importa","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"m’","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"indirect object of importa","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"importa","lemma":"importare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"matters"},{"surface":"proprio","lemma":"proprio","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies importa","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"niente","lemma":"niente","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of importa","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of resti","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of corpo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nostro","lemma":"nostro","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on corpo","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"corpo","lemma":"corpo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of resti","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"resti","lemma":"restare","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"clause complement of niente, introduced by che","gloss":"remains"},{"surface":"intatto","lemma":"intatto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies resti","gloss":"intact"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"reflexive particle of dissolva","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"dissolva","lemma":"dissolversi","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with resti","gloss":"dissolves"}]},{"number":85,"label":"","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p44-s2","source":"Che siamo noi dopo morti?","translation":"What are we, once dead?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun, interrogative","role":"predicate complement of siamo","gloss":"What"},{"surface":"siamo","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"copula linking to Che","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"noi","lemma":"noi","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of siamo","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"dopo","lemma":"dopo","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking morti","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"morti","lemma":"morto","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"complement of dopo","gloss":"dead"}]},{"number":86,"label":"","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p44-s3","source":"Niente.","translation":"Nothing.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Niente","lemma":"niente","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Nothing"}]},{"number":87,"label":"","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p44-s4","source":"Importa che il corpo sia sano e vigoroso durante la vita, per lavorare e godere…. null’altro!„","translation":"What matters is that the body be healthy and vigorous during life, in order to work and enjoy…. nothing else!”","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Importa","lemma":"importare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"matters"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sia","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of corpo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"corpo","lemma":"corpo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of sia","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"sia","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to sano","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"sano","lemma":"sano","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of sia","gloss":"healthy"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vigoroso","lemma":"vigoroso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with sano","gloss":"vigorous"},{"surface":"durante","lemma":"durante","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vita","gloss":"during"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vita","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vita","lemma":"vita","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sia","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of lavorare","gloss":"in order to"},{"surface":"lavorare","lemma":"lavorare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"purpose clause modifying sia","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"godere","lemma":"godere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with lavorare","gloss":"enjoy"},{"surface":"null’","lemma":"nulla","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"altro","lemma":"altro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies null’","gloss":"else"}]},{"number":88,"label":"45","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p45-s1","source":"Il contadino replicò.","translation":"The farmer replied.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of contadino","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"contadino","lemma":"contadino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of replicò","gloss":"farmer"},{"surface":"replicò","lemma":"replicare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"replied"}]},{"number":89,"label":"","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p45-s2","source":"Pietro ribatteva sempre il tasto dei piaceri e delle gioie della vita: i due vecchi fratelli l’applaudivano; anche il cieco dava segni d’approvazione.","translation":"Pietro kept striking the same note of the pleasures and joys of life: the two old brothers applauded him; even the blind man gave signs of approval.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pietro","lemma":"Pietro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of ribatteva","gloss":"Pietro"},{"surface":"ribatteva","lemma":"ribattere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"kept striking"},{"surface":"sempre","lemma":"sempre","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ribatteva","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tasto","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tasto","lemma":"tasto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of ribatteva","gloss":"note"},{"surface":"dei","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking piaceri","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"piaceri","lemma":"piacere","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies tasto","gloss":"pleasures"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"delle","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gioie","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"gioie","lemma":"gioia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with piaceri","gloss":"joys"},{"surface":"della","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vita","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"vita","lemma":"vita","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies gioie","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of fratelli","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"due","lemma":"due","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies fratelli","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"vecchi","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies fratelli","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"fratelli","lemma":"fratello","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of applaudivano","gloss":"brothers"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of applaudivano","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"applaudivano","lemma":"applaudire","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"applauded"},{"surface":"anche","lemma":"anche","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies cieco","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cieco","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cieco","lemma":"cieco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of dava","gloss":"blind man"},{"surface":"dava","lemma":"dare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"segni","lemma":"segno","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of dava","gloss":"signs"},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking approvazione","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"approvazione","lemma":"approvazione","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies segni","gloss":"approval"}]},{"number":90,"label":"","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p45-s3","source":"Il contadino fingeva di arrabbiarsi, ma in fondo era contento che suo genero si rivelasse un buon poeta.","translation":"The farmer pretended to grow angry, but deep down he was pleased that his son-in-law was proving himself a good poet.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of contadino","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"contadino","lemma":"contadino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of fingeva","gloss":"farmer"},{"surface":"fingeva","lemma":"fingere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"pretended"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of arrabbiarsi","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"arrabbiarsi","lemma":"arrabbiarsi","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of fingeva","gloss":"grow angry"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fondo","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"fondo","lemma":"fondo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of contento","gloss":"down","note":"\"in fondo\" is an idiom meaning \"deep down / at bottom\"."},{"surface":"era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to contento","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"contento","lemma":"contento","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with fingeva","gloss":"pleased"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of rivelasse","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"suo","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on genero","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"genero","lemma":"genero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of rivelasse","gloss":"son-in-law"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"reflexive particle of rivelasse","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"rivelasse","lemma":"rivelarsi","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of contento","gloss":"was proving"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of poeta","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"buon","lemma":"buono","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies poeta","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"poeta","lemma":"poeta","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"complement of rivelasse","gloss":"poet"}]},{"number":91,"label":"","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p45-s4","source":"Eh, avrebbe continuato la gloria tradizionale della famiglia!","translation":"Ah, he would carry on the family's traditional glory!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Eh","lemma":"eh","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"Ah"},{"surface":"avrebbe","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of continuato","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"continuato","lemma":"continuare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"carry on"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of gloria","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"gloria","lemma":"gloria","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of continuato","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"tradizionale","lemma":"tradizionale","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies gloria","gloss":"traditional"},{"surface":"della","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking famiglia","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"famiglia","lemma":"famiglia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies gloria","gloss":"family"}]},{"number":92,"label":"46","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p46-s1","source":"Ma mentre cercava di dimostrare la vanità dei piaceri del corpo, zio Diddinu beveva ed incitava a bere.","translation":"But while he tried to demonstrate the vanity of the body's pleasures, uncle Diddinu kept drinking and urging others to drink.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"mentre","lemma":"mentre","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of cercava","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"cercava","lemma":"cercare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on beveva","gloss":"he tried"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of dimostrare","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"dimostrare","lemma":"dimostrare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of cercava","gloss":"demonstrate"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vanità","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vanità","lemma":"vanità","morphology":"noun, feminine","role":"direct object of dimostrare","gloss":"vanity"},{"surface":"dei","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking piaceri","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"piaceri","lemma":"piacere","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies vanità","gloss":"pleasures"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking corpo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"corpo","lemma":"corpo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies piaceri","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"zio","lemma":"zio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Diddinu","gloss":"uncle"},{"surface":"Diddinu","lemma":"Diddinu","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of beveva","gloss":"Diddinu"},{"surface":"beveva","lemma":"bere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"kept drinking"},{"surface":"ed","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"incitava","lemma":"incitare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with beveva","gloss":"urged others"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of bere","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"bere","lemma":"bere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of incitava","gloss":"drink"}]},{"number":93,"label":"","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p46-s2","source":"Verso le tre dopo mezzanotte tutti erano ubbriachi; solo il cieco, formidabile bevitore, e Pietro, che aveva bevuto poco, conservavano la loro lucidità di mente.","translation":"Toward three in the morning everyone was drunk; only the blind man, a formidable drinker, and Pietro, who had drunk little, kept their clarity of mind.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Verso","lemma":"verso","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tre","gloss":"Toward"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of tre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tre","lemma":"tre","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies mezzanotte","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"dopo","lemma":"dopo","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mezzanotte","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"mezzanotte","lemma":"mezzanotte","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of ubbriachi","gloss":"midnight"},{"surface":"tutti","lemma":"tutto","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of ubbriachi","gloss":"everyone"},{"surface":"erano","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to ubbriachi","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"ubbriachi","lemma":"ubriaco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"drunk","note":"Older doubled-consonant spelling of \"ubriaco\"."},{"surface":"solo","lemma":"solo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies cieco","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cieco","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cieco","lemma":"cieco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of conservavano","gloss":"blind man"},{"surface":"formidabile","lemma":"formidabile","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies bevitore","gloss":"formidable"},{"surface":"bevitore","lemma":"bevitore","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with cieco","gloss":"drinker"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Pietro","lemma":"Pietro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with cieco","gloss":"Pietro"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of aveva","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"aveva","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of bevuto","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"bevuto","lemma":"bere","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"relative clause on Pietro","gloss":"drunk"},{"surface":"poco","lemma":"poco","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bevuto","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"conservavano","lemma":"conservare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"kept"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of lucidità","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"loro","lemma":"loro","morphology":"determiner","role":"depends on lucidità","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"lucidità","lemma":"lucidità","morphology":"noun, feminine","role":"direct object of conservavano","gloss":"clarity"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mente","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"mente","lemma":"mente","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies lucidità","gloss":"mind"}]},{"number":94,"label":"47","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p47-s1","source":"Pietro però s’era inebbriato del suo canto, ed a misura che l’ora passava, fremeva di gioia ricordando una promessa di Maria Franzisca.","translation":"Pietro, though, had grown drunk on his own singing, and as the hour wore on, he trembled with joy remembering a promise from Maria Franzisca.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pietro","lemma":"Pietro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of inebbriato","gloss":"Pietro"},{"surface":"però","lemma":"però","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies inebbriato","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"s’","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"reflexive particle of inebbriato","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of inebbriato","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"inebbriato","lemma":"inebbriarsi","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"grown drunk"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking canto","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"suo","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on canto","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"canto","lemma":"canto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of inebbriato","gloss":"singing"},{"surface":"ed","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"forms idiom \"a misura che\" with misura","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"misura","lemma":"misura","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"forms idiom with a, introduces the clause of passava","gloss":"measure","note":"\"a misura che\" = \"as / in proportion as\"."},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of passava","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of ora","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ora","lemma":"ora","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of passava","gloss":"hour"},{"surface":"passava","lemma":"passare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"temporal clause modifying fremeva","gloss":"wore on"},{"surface":"fremeva","lemma":"fremere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb, coordinated with inebbriato","gloss":"trembled"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gioia","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"gioia","lemma":"gioia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of fremeva","gloss":"joy"},{"surface":"ricordando","lemma":"ricordare","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on fremeva","gloss":"remembering"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of promessa","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"promessa","lemma":"promessa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of ricordando","gloss":"promise"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Maria","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Maria","lemma":"Maria","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies promessa","gloss":"Maria"},{"surface":"Franzisca","lemma":"Franzisca","morphology":"proper noun","role":"depends on Maria","gloss":"Franzisca"}]},{"number":95,"label":"","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p47-s2","source":"A poco a poco la voce dei cantori si affievolì; il vecchio cominciò a balbettare; il giovane finse di cadere dal sonno.","translation":"Little by little the singers' voices grew faint; the old man began to slur his words; the young man pretended to be overcome with sleep.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"si affievolì","title":"Pronominal verb «affievolirsi»","body":"«affievolirsi» ('to grow faint/weak') is built on the adjective «fievole» with an inherent «si» — the pronoun isn't a true reflexive action, it's simply part of how the verb is formed."}],"words":[{"surface":"A","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking poco (idiom a poco a poco)","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"poco","lemma":"poco","morphology":"adverb","role":"first poco of the idiom a poco a poco, modifies affievolì","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking poco (idiom a poco a poco)","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"poco","lemma":"poco","morphology":"adverb","role":"second poco of the idiom a poco a poco, modifies affievolì","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of voce","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"voce","lemma":"voce","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of affievolì","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"dei","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cantori","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"cantori","lemma":"cantore","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies voce","gloss":"singers"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"reflexive marker with affievolì","gloss":"itself","note":"Affievolirsi is an inherently reflexive verb (to grow faint); si has no separate literal meaning here."},{"surface":"affievolì","lemma":"affievolire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"grew faint"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vecchio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vecchio","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of cominciò","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"cominciò","lemma":"cominciare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of balbettare","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"balbettare","lemma":"balbettare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of cominciò","gloss":"slur his words"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of giovane","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"giovane","lemma":"giovane","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of finse","gloss":"young man"},{"surface":"finse","lemma":"fingere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"pretended"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of cadere","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"cadere","lemma":"cadere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of finse","gloss":"be overcome","note":"Cadere dal sonno is idiomatic for being overwhelmed by sleepiness."},{"surface":"dal","lemma":"da il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sonno","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"sonno","lemma":"sonno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of cadere","gloss":"sleep"}]},{"number":96,"label":"","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p47-s3","source":"Finirono tutti coll’assopirsi; solo il cieco rimase seduto, rosicchiando il rozzo pomo del suo bastone.","translation":"In the end they all dropped off to sleep; only the blind man remained seated, gnawing at the rough knob of his stick.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Finirono","lemma":"finire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"ended up"},{"surface":"tutti","lemma":"tutto","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of Finirono","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"coll’","lemma":"con il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking assopirsi","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"assopirsi","lemma":"assopirsi","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"object of the preposition coll’","gloss":"dozing off"},{"surface":"solo","lemma":"solo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies cieco","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cieco","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cieco","lemma":"cieco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of rimase","gloss":"blind man"},{"surface":"rimase","lemma":"rimanere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"remained"},{"surface":"seduto","lemma":"seduto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"complement of rimase","gloss":"seated"},{"surface":"rosicchiando","lemma":"rosicchiare","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on rimase","gloss":"gnawing"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pomo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"rozzo","lemma":"rozzo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies pomo","gloss":"rough"},{"surface":"pomo","lemma":"pomo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of rosicchiando","gloss":"knob"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bastone","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"suo","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on bastone","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"bastone","lemma":"bastone","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies pomo","gloss":"stick"}]},{"number":97,"label":"48","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p48-s1","source":"Ad un tratto il gallo cantò nel cortile.","translation":"Suddenly the rooster crowed in the courtyard.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ad","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tratto (idiom ad un tratto)","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tratto","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tratto","lemma":"tratto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of cantò (idiom ad un tratto)","gloss":"stroke","note":"Ad un tratto is a set phrase meaning 'suddenly'."},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of gallo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"gallo","lemma":"gallo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of cantò","gloss":"rooster"},{"surface":"cantò","lemma":"cantare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"crowed"},{"surface":"nel","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cortile","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"cortile","lemma":"cortile","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of cantò","gloss":"courtyard"}]},{"number":98,"label":"49","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p49-s1","source":"Pietro aprì gli occhi e guardò il cieco.","translation":"Pietro opened his eyes and looked at the blind man.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pietro","lemma":"Pietro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of aprì","gloss":"Pietro"},{"surface":"aprì","lemma":"aprire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"opened"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of occhi","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"occhi","lemma":"occhio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of aprì","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"guardò","lemma":"guardare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with aprì","gloss":"looked at"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cieco","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cieco","lemma":"cieco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of guardò","gloss":"blind man"}]},{"number":99,"label":"50","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p50-s1","source":"— Egli non mi vede, — pensò alzandosi cautamente; — ed uscì nel cortile.","translation":"— He can't see me, — he thought, rising cautiously; — and he went out into the courtyard.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"alzandosi","title":"Gerund + clitic pronoun","body":"The reflexive pronoun «si» attaches to the end of the gerund «alzando» to give «alzandosi» ('getting up, rising') — the same enclitic pattern Italian uses on infinitives and imperatives."}],"words":[{"surface":"Egli","lemma":"egli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of vede","gloss":"He"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vede","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of vede","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"vede","lemma":"vedere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the quoted clause, reported by pensò","gloss":"sees"},{"surface":"pensò","lemma":"pensare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"alzandosi","lemma":"alzarsi","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"gerund clause modifying pensò","gloss":"rising"},{"surface":"cautamente","lemma":"cautamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies alzandosi","gloss":"cautiously"},{"surface":"ed","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"uscì","lemma":"uscire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went out"},{"surface":"nel","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cortile","gloss":"into the"},{"surface":"cortile","lemma":"cortile","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of uscì","gloss":"courtyard"}]},{"number":100,"label":"51","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p51-s1","source":"Maria Franzisca, che scendeva silenziosamente la scaletta esterna, gli cadde fra le braccia.","translation":"Maria Franzisca, who was silently coming down the outside stairway, fell into his arms.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Maria","lemma":"Maria","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of cadde","gloss":"Maria"},{"surface":"Franzisca","lemma":"Franzisca","morphology":"proper noun","role":"depends on Maria","gloss":"Franzisca"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of scendeva","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"scendeva","lemma":"scendere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on Maria","gloss":"was coming down"},{"surface":"silenziosamente","lemma":"silenziosamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies scendeva","gloss":"silently"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of scaletta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"scaletta","lemma":"scaletta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of scendeva","gloss":"stairway"},{"surface":"esterna","lemma":"esterno","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies scaletta","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"gli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of cadde","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"cadde","lemma":"cadere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"fra","lemma":"fra","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking braccia","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of braccia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"braccia","lemma":"braccio","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of cadde","gloss":"arms"}]},{"number":101,"label":"52","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p52-s1","source":"Il cieco s’accorse benissimo che qualcuno era uscito fuori, e pensò che fosse Pietro; ma non si mosse; anzi mormorò: — Gloria a Dio in cielo e pace in terra agli uomini di buona volontà.","translation":"The blind man was perfectly aware that someone had gone outside, and thought it must be Pietro; but he did not stir; instead he murmured: — Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace to men of good will.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cieco","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"cieco","lemma":"cieco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of accorse","gloss":"blind man"},{"surface":"s’","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"reflexive marker with accorse","gloss":"itself","note":"Accorgersi is an inherently reflexive verb (to notice/realize); si has no separate literal meaning here."},{"surface":"accorse","lemma":"accorgersi","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became aware"},{"surface":"benissimo","lemma":"bene","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies accorse","gloss":"perfectly"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of uscito","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"qualcuno","lemma":"qualcuno","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of uscito","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of uscito","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"uscito","lemma":"uscire","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of accorse","gloss":"gone out"},{"surface":"fuori","lemma":"fuori","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies uscito","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"pensò","lemma":"pensare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with accorse","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of Pietro","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"fosse","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to Pietro","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"Pietro","lemma":"Pietro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"clausal complement of pensò","gloss":"Pietro"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mosse","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"reflexive marker with mosse","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"mosse","lemma":"muoversi","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stirred"},{"surface":"anzi","lemma":"anzi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mormorò","gloss":"instead"},{"surface":"mormorò","lemma":"mormorare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"murmured"},{"surface":"Gloria","lemma":"gloria","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Glory"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Dio","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Dio","lemma":"Dio","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies Gloria","gloss":"God"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cielo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"cielo","lemma":"cielo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Gloria","gloss":"heaven","note":"Cielo literally means heaven; rendered here with the traditional liturgical phrase 'in the highest' (Gloria in excelsis)."},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"pace","lemma":"pace","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with Gloria","gloss":"peace"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking terra","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"terra","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies pace","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"agli","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking uomini","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"uomini","lemma":"uomo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies pace","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking volontà","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"buona","lemma":"buono","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies volontà","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"volontà","lemma":"volontà","morphology":"noun, feminine","role":"modifies uomini","gloss":"will"}]},{"number":102,"label":"53","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p53-s1","source":"Fuori, la luna correva dietro le nuvole diafane e nella notte argentea il vento di levante portava l‘odore del mare e il tepore del deserto.","translation":"Outside, the moon ran behind the diaphanous clouds, and in the silvery night the levante wind carried the smell of the sea and the warmth of the desert.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Fuori","lemma":"fuori","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies correva","gloss":"Outside"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of luna","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"luna","lemma":"luna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of correva","gloss":"moon"},{"surface":"correva","lemma":"correre","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"ran"},{"surface":"dietro","lemma":"dietro","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nuvole","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of nuvole","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nuvole","lemma":"nuvola","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of correva","gloss":"clouds"},{"surface":"diafane","lemma":"diafano","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies nuvole","gloss":"diaphanous"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nella","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking notte","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"notte","lemma":"notte","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of portava","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"argentea","lemma":"argenteo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies notte","gloss":"silvery"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vento","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vento","lemma":"vento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of portava","gloss":"wind"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking levante","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"levante","lemma":"levante","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies vento","gloss":"levante"},{"surface":"portava","lemma":"portare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with correva","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"l‘odore","lemma":"odore","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of portava","gloss":"the smell"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mare","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"mare","lemma":"mare","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies l‘odore","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tepore","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tepore","lemma":"tepore","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with l‘odore","gloss":"warmth"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking deserto","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"deserto","lemma":"deserto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies tepore","gloss":"desert"}]},{"number":103,"label":"54","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p54-s1","source":"(1900-1905).","translation":"(1900–1905).","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[]},{"number":104,"label":"55","id":"mentre-soffia-il-levante-p55-s1","source":"fine.","translation":"The end.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"fine","lemma":"fine","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"the end"}]}]}