{"work":{"slug":"deledda","title":{"source":"I giuochi della vita","translated":"The Games of Life"},"author":"Grazia Deledda","language":"Italian","languageCode":"it","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/deledda"},"unit":{"kind":"chapter","number":null,"id":"padre-topes","title":{"source":"Padre Topes","translated":"Father Topes"},"section":"The Games of Life","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/deledda/padre-topes","lines":134},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/deledda/i-giuochi-della-vita","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/deledda/il-vecchio-servo","license":"Source text: public domain (Grazia Deledda, d. 1936; collection first published 1905). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review.","audioBase":null,"lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"padre-topes-p1-s1","source":"Qualche anno fa abitavano ancora, in un convento posto sulla vetta d’una montagna sarda, alcuni frati, credo francescani.","translation":"A few years ago there still lived, in a convent set on the summit of a Sardinian mountain, a few friars, Franciscans I believe.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Qualche","lemma":"qualche","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of anno","gloss":"a few"},{"surface":"anno","lemma":"anno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of abitavano","gloss":"years"},{"surface":"fa","lemma":"fa","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies anno","gloss":"ago"},{"surface":"abitavano","lemma":"abitare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lived"},{"surface":"ancora","lemma":"ancora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies abitavano","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking convento","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of convento","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"convento","lemma":"convento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of abitavano","gloss":"convent"},{"surface":"posto","lemma":"porre","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying convento","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"sulla","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vetta","gloss":"on the"},{"surface":"vetta","lemma":"vetta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of posto","gloss":"summit"},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking montagna","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of montagna","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"montagna","lemma":"montagna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies vetta","gloss":"mountain"},{"surface":"sarda","lemma":"sardo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies montagna","gloss":"Sardinian"},{"surface":"alcuni","lemma":"alcuno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of frati","gloss":"a few"},{"surface":"frati","lemma":"frate","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of abitavano","gloss":"friars"},{"surface":"credo","lemma":"credere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"parenthetical clause (I believe)","gloss":"I believe"},{"surface":"francescani","lemma":"francescano","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"predicate adjective of the elided clause, describes frati","gloss":"Franciscans"}]},{"number":2,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p1-s2","source":"Ogni tre o quattro mesi, uno di loro scendeva la montagna, prendeva un cavallino nel villaggio sottostante — e per lo più questo cavallino veniva concesso gratuitamente da qualche ricco contadino del luogo — e visitava cinque o sei paesi, in cerca di elemosine.","translation":"Every three or four months, one of them would come down the mountain, take a little horse in the village below — and this little horse was usually granted free of charge by some rich farmer of the place — and would visit five or six villages, in search of alms.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"scendeva / prendeva / visitava","title":"Imperfect for habitual past action","body":"These imperfect forms (not the passato remoto) describe what a friar would repeatedly do 'every three or four months' — a habit stretched over time, not a single completed event. Deledda opens the whole story this way; watch for the shift to passato remoto (e.g. «cadde», paragraph 8) when a single, decisive event finally happens."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ogni","lemma":"ogni","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of tre","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"tre","lemma":"tre","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies mesi","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"quattro","lemma":"quattro","morphology":"numeral","role":"coordinated with tre","gloss":"four"},{"surface":"mesi","lemma":"mese","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of scendeva","gloss":"months"},{"surface":"uno","lemma":"uno","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of scendeva","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking loro","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"loro","lemma":"loro","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"modifies uno","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"scendeva","lemma":"scendere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would come down"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of montagna","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"montagna","lemma":"montagna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of scendeva","gloss":"mountain"},{"surface":"prendeva","lemma":"prendere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with scendeva","gloss":"would take"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cavallino","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"cavallino","lemma":"cavallino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of prendeva","gloss":"little horse"},{"surface":"nel","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking villaggio","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"villaggio","lemma":"villaggio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cavallino","gloss":"village"},{"surface":"sottostante","lemma":"sottostante","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies villaggio","gloss":"below"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom per lo più, modifies concesso","gloss":"for","note":"Idiom \"per lo più\" = \"usually, mostly\"."},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"part of the idiom per lo più","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"più","lemma":"più","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the idiom per lo più, modifies concesso","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"questo","lemma":"questo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"subject of passive concesso","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"cavallino","lemma":"cavallino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of passive concesso","gloss":"little horse"},{"surface":"veniva","lemma":"venire","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"passive auxiliary of concesso","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"concesso","lemma":"concedere","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"verb of the parenthetical clause introduced by e","gloss":"granted"},{"surface":"gratuitamente","lemma":"gratuitamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies concesso","gloss":"free of charge"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking contadino","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"qualche","lemma":"qualche","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of contadino","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"ricco","lemma":"ricco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies contadino","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"contadino","lemma":"contadino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"agent of concesso","gloss":"farmer"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking luogo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"luogo","lemma":"luogo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies contadino","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"visitava","lemma":"visitare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with prendeva","gloss":"would visit"},{"surface":"cinque","lemma":"cinque","morphology":"numeral","role":"direct object of visitava","gloss":"five"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"sei","lemma":"sei","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies paesi","gloss":"six"},{"surface":"paesi","lemma":"paese","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with cinque","gloss":"villages"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cerca","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"cerca","lemma":"cerca","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of visitava","gloss":"search"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking elemosine","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"elemosine","lemma":"elemosina","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies cerca","gloss":"alms"}]},{"number":3,"label":"2","id":"padre-topes-p2-s1","source":"Il più giovine dei frati, soprannominato padre Topes, per la sua figurina timida di topo, dal lungo musetto pallido ed i piccoli occhi lucenti, aveva appena ventidue o ventitrè anni, sebbene ne mostrasse di più: pregava e taceva sempre; era in odore di santità, e si diceva fosse vergine.","translation":"The youngest of the friars, nicknamed Padre Topes for his timid little mouse's figure, his long pale snout, and small shining eyes, was barely twenty-two or twenty-three years old, though he looked older: he prayed and kept silent always; he was in the odor of sanctity, and it was said he was a virgin.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"in odore di santità","title":"«essere in odore di santità»","body":"Literally 'to be in the odor of sanctity' — an idiom for having a reputation for holiness, used of people villagers already regard as saintly, even before any official recognition."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"si diceva fosse","title":"«si» + congiuntivo imperfetto","body":"The impersonal «si diceva» ('it was said') introduces an implied «che», and the verb that follows drops into the congiuntivo imperfetto: «fosse» (was), not the indicative «era». Reported, unverified claims like village gossip regularly take the subjunctive this way."}],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of giovine","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"più","lemma":"più","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies giovine","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"giovine","lemma":"giovane","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"subject of aveva","gloss":"young","note":"\"giovine\" is an older literary form of \"giovane\"."},{"surface":"dei","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking frati","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"frati","lemma":"frate","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of giovine","gloss":"friars"},{"surface":"soprannominato","lemma":"soprannominare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying giovine","gloss":"nicknamed"},{"surface":"padre","lemma":"padre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"complement of soprannominato","gloss":"Padre"},{"surface":"Topes","lemma":"Topes","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies padre","gloss":"Topes"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking figurina","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of figurina","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sua","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"depends on figurina","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"figurina","lemma":"figurina","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of soprannominato","gloss":"little figure"},{"surface":"timida","lemma":"timido","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies figurina","gloss":"timid"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking topo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"topo","lemma":"topo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies figurina","gloss":"mouse"},{"surface":"dal","lemma":"da il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking musetto","gloss":"with the"},{"surface":"lungo","lemma":"lungo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies musetto","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"musetto","lemma":"musetto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of soprannominato","gloss":"snout"},{"surface":"pallido","lemma":"pallido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies musetto","gloss":"pale"},{"surface":"ed","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of occhi","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"piccoli","lemma":"piccolo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies occhi","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"occhi","lemma":"occhio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with figurina","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"lucenti","lemma":"lucente","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies occhi","gloss":"shining"},{"surface":"aveva","lemma":"avere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"appena","lemma":"appena","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies anni","gloss":"barely"},{"surface":"ventidue","lemma":"ventidue","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies anni","gloss":"twenty-two"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ventitrè","lemma":"ventitré","morphology":"numeral","role":"coordinated with ventidue","gloss":"twenty-three"},{"surface":"anni","lemma":"anno","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of aveva","gloss":"years old"},{"surface":"sebbene","lemma":"sebbene","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of mostrasse","gloss":"although"},{"surface":"ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"pronoun","role":"indirect object of mostrasse","gloss":"of it"},{"surface":"mostrasse","lemma":"mostrare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"concessive clause modifying aveva","gloss":"showed"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking più","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"più","lemma":"più","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mostrasse","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"pregava","lemma":"pregare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"prayed"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"taceva","lemma":"tacere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with pregava","gloss":"kept silent"},{"surface":"sempre","lemma":"sempre","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies taceva","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to odore","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking odore","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"odore","lemma":"odore","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"odor"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking santità","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"santità","lemma":"santità","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies odore","gloss":"sanctity"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"depends on diceva","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"diceva","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with era","gloss":"was said"},{"surface":"fosse","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to vergine","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"vergine","lemma":"vergine","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"clausal complement of diceva","gloss":"a virgin"}]},{"number":4,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p2-s2","source":"Egli era figlio d’un bandito morto assassinato molti anni prima: da fanciullo aveva fatto il mandriano, e sua madre, una fiera e miserissima vedova, avrebbe preferito ch’egli seguisse la via del padre, piuttosto che vederlo farsi frate.","translation":"He was the son of a bandit murdered many years before: as a boy he had been a herdsman, and his mother, a fierce and utterly wretched widow, would have preferred that he follow his father's path rather than see him become a friar.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"avrebbe preferito ch’egli seguisse","title":"Conditional perfect + congiuntivo imperfetto","body":"«Avrebbe preferito» (conditional perfect, 'would have preferred') governs a «che» clause, and the verb inside it drops into the congiuntivo imperfetto: «seguisse» ('follow'), not the indicative. Verbs of preference/wish standardly pull their object clause into the subjunctive."}],"words":[{"surface":"Egli","lemma":"egli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of figlio","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to figlio","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"figlio","lemma":"figlio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bandito","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of bandito","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bandito","lemma":"bandito","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies figlio","gloss":"bandit"},{"surface":"morto","lemma":"morire","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies bandito","gloss":"died"},{"surface":"assassinato","lemma":"assassinare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying bandito","gloss":"murdered"},{"surface":"molti","lemma":"molto","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of anni","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"anni","lemma":"anno","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of assassinato","gloss":"years"},{"surface":"prima","lemma":"prima","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies anni","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fanciullo","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"fanciullo","lemma":"fanciullo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of fatto","gloss":"a boy"},{"surface":"aveva","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of fatto","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"fatto","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"worked as"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mandriano","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mandriano","lemma":"mandriano","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of fatto","gloss":"herdsman"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sua","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"depends on madre","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"madre","lemma":"madre","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of preferito","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vedova","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"fiera","lemma":"fiero","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies vedova","gloss":"fierce"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"miserissima","lemma":"miserissimo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies vedova","gloss":"utterly wretched"},{"surface":"vedova","lemma":"vedova","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to madre","gloss":"widow"},{"surface":"avrebbe","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of preferito","gloss":"would have"},{"surface":"preferito","lemma":"preferire","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with fatto","gloss":"preferred"},{"surface":"ch’","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the object clause of preferito","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"egli","lemma":"egli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of seguisse","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"seguisse","lemma":"seguire","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with fatto","gloss":"follow"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of via","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"via","lemma":"via","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of seguisse","gloss":"path"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking padre","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"padre","lemma":"padre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies via","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"piuttosto","lemma":"piuttosto","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of vederlo","gloss":"rather"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase piuttosto","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"vederlo","lemma":"vedere lo","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on seguisse","gloss":"see him"},{"surface":"farsi","lemma":"fare si","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of vederlo","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"frate","lemma":"frate","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"complement of farsi","gloss":"a friar"}]},{"number":5,"label":"3","id":"padre-topes-p3-s1","source":"Padre Topes, dunque, il cui vero nome era padre Zuànne, pregava, taceva, e lavorava continuamente.","translation":"Padre Topes, then, whose true name was Padre Zuànne, prayed, kept silent, and worked continually.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Zuànne","title":"Sardinian form of «Giovanni»","body":"«Zuànne» is the Logudorese-Sardinian form of the name «Giovanni» (John) — a small touch of local color under the friar's official Franciscan name, «Padre Topes» being only his nickname."}],"words":[{"surface":"Padre","lemma":"padre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of pregava","gloss":"Padre"},{"surface":"Topes","lemma":"Topes","morphology":"proper noun","role":"depends on Padre","gloss":"Topes"},{"surface":"dunque","lemma":"dunque","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pregava","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cui","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cui","lemma":"cui","morphology":"determiner","role":"depends on nome","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"vero","lemma":"vero","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies nome","gloss":"true"},{"surface":"nome","lemma":"nome","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of padre","gloss":"name"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to padre","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"padre","lemma":"padre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Padre"},{"surface":"Zuànne","lemma":"Zuànne","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies padre","gloss":"Zuànne"},{"surface":"pregava","lemma":"pregare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"prayed"},{"surface":"taceva","lemma":"tacere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with pregava","gloss":"kept silent"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lavorava","lemma":"lavorare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with taceva","gloss":"worked"},{"surface":"continuamente","lemma":"continuamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lavorava","gloss":"continually"}]},{"number":6,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p3-s2","source":"La mattina per tempo egli mungeva le poche capre possedute dai frati, poi zappava nell’orto, cucinava, lavava le stoviglie, andava ad attingere acqua dal pozzo e dalle fontane.","translation":"Early in the morning he milked the few goats owned by the friars, then hoed in the vegetable garden, cooked, washed the dishes, went to draw water from the well and the fountains.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mattina","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mattina","lemma":"mattina","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of mungeva","gloss":"morning"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tempo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"tempo","lemma":"tempo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of mungeva","gloss":"early","note":"Idiom \"per tempo\" = \"early, betimes\"."},{"surface":"egli","lemma":"egli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of mungeva","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"mungeva","lemma":"mungere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"milked"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of capre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"poche","lemma":"poco","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of capre","gloss":"few"},{"surface":"capre","lemma":"capra","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of mungeva","gloss":"goats"},{"surface":"possedute","lemma":"possedere","morphology":"verb, past, participle, feminine, plural","role":"clause modifying capre","gloss":"owned"},{"surface":"dai","lemma":"da il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking frati","gloss":"by the"},{"surface":"frati","lemma":"frate","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"agent of possedute","gloss":"friars"},{"surface":"poi","lemma":"poi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies zappava","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"zappava","lemma":"zappare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with mungeva","gloss":"hoed"},{"surface":"nell’","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking orto","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"orto","lemma":"orto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of zappava","gloss":"garden"},{"surface":"cucinava","lemma":"cucinare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with mungeva","gloss":"cooked"},{"surface":"lavava","lemma":"lavare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with mungeva","gloss":"washed"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of stoviglie","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"stoviglie","lemma":"stoviglia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of lavava","gloss":"dishes"},{"surface":"andava","lemma":"andare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with mungeva","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of attingere","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"attingere","lemma":"attingere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of andava","gloss":"draw"},{"surface":"acqua","lemma":"acqua","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of attingere","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"dal","lemma":"da il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pozzo","gloss":"from the"},{"surface":"pozzo","lemma":"pozzo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of attingere","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dalle","lemma":"da il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fontane","gloss":"from the"},{"surface":"fontane","lemma":"fontana","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with pozzo","gloss":"fountains"}]},{"number":7,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p3-s3","source":"Nel pomeriggio stava lunghe ore alla finestra, gittando briciole di pane agli uccelli che volteggiavano intorno al suo corroso davanzale di pietra.","translation":"In the afternoon he stood long hours at the window, throwing crumbs of bread to the birds that wheeled about his crumbling stone sill.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nel","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pomeriggio","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"pomeriggio","lemma":"pomeriggio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of stava","gloss":"afternoon"},{"surface":"stava","lemma":"stare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"lunghe","lemma":"lungo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies ore","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"ore","lemma":"ora","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of stava","gloss":"hours"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking finestra","gloss":"at the"},{"surface":"finestra","lemma":"finestra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies ore","gloss":"window"},{"surface":"gittando","lemma":"gittare","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"gerund clause modifying stava","gloss":"throwing","note":"\"gittare\" is an archaic/literary form of \"gettare\" (to throw)."},{"surface":"briciole","lemma":"briciola","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of gittando","gloss":"crumbs"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pane","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"pane","lemma":"pane","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies briciole","gloss":"bread"},{"surface":"agli","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking uccelli","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"uccelli","lemma":"uccello","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"indirect object of gittando","gloss":"birds"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of volteggiavano","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"volteggiavano","lemma":"volteggiare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"relative clause on uccelli","gloss":"wheeled"},{"surface":"intorno","lemma":"intorno","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition marking davanzale","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"determiner of davanzale","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"suo","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on davanzale","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"corroso","lemma":"corroso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies davanzale","gloss":"crumbling"},{"surface":"davanzale","lemma":"davanzale","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of volteggiavano","gloss":"sill"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pietra","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"pietra","lemma":"pietra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies davanzale","gloss":"stone"}]},{"number":8,"label":"4","id":"padre-topes-p4-s1","source":"Una infinita solitudine avvolgeva il piccolo convento nerastro che cominciava a cadere in rovina: boschi millenarii di elci, roccie dai profili strani, che nei crepuscoli glauchi parevano enormi teste di sfingi; cespugli di agrifoglio e di felci di un verde giallognolo circondavano il convento e coprivano i fianchi della montagna piramidale.","translation":"An infinite solitude enveloped the small blackish convent that was beginning to crumble into ruin: age-old woods of holm oaks, rocks of strange profiles that in the glaucous twilights seemed enormous sphinxes' heads; thickets of holly and ferns of a yellowish green surrounded the convent and covered the flanks of the pyramidal mountain.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of solitudine","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"infinita","lemma":"infinito","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies solitudine","gloss":"infinite"},{"surface":"solitudine","lemma":"solitudine","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of avvolgeva","gloss":"solitude"},{"surface":"avvolgeva","lemma":"avvolgere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"enveloped"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of convento","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"piccolo","lemma":"piccolo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies convento","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"convento","lemma":"convento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of avvolgeva","gloss":"convent"},{"surface":"nerastro","lemma":"nerastro","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies convento","gloss":"blackish"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of cominciava","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"cominciava","lemma":"cominciare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on convento","gloss":"was beginning"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of cadere","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"cadere","lemma":"cadere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of cominciava","gloss":"crumble"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rovina","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"rovina","lemma":"rovina","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of cadere","gloss":"ruin"},{"surface":"boschi","lemma":"bosco","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of circondavano","gloss":"woods"},{"surface":"millenarii","lemma":"millenario","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies boschi","gloss":"age-old","note":"Archaic double-i plural spelling of millenari; the modern lemma is millenario."},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking elci","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"elci","lemma":"elce","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies boschi","gloss":"holm oaks"},{"surface":"roccie","lemma":"roccia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with boschi","gloss":"rocks"},{"surface":"dai","lemma":"da il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking profili","gloss":"with the"},{"surface":"profili","lemma":"profilo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies roccie","gloss":"profiles"},{"surface":"strani","lemma":"strano","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies profili","gloss":"strange"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of parevano","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"nei","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking crepuscoli","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"crepuscoli","lemma":"crepuscolo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of parevano","gloss":"twilights"},{"surface":"glauchi","lemma":"glauco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies crepuscoli","gloss":"glaucous"},{"surface":"parevano","lemma":"parere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"relative clause on roccie","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"enormi","lemma":"enorme","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies teste","gloss":"enormous"},{"surface":"teste","lemma":"testa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"complement of parevano","gloss":"heads"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sfingi","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"sfingi","lemma":"sfinge","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies teste","gloss":"sphinxes'"},{"surface":"cespugli","lemma":"cespuglio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of circondavano","gloss":"thickets"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking agrifoglio","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"agrifoglio","lemma":"agrifoglio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cespugli","gloss":"holly"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking felci","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"felci","lemma":"felce","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies cespugli, coordinated with agrifoglio","gloss":"ferns"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking verde","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of verde","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"verde","lemma":"verde","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies felci","gloss":"green"},{"surface":"giallognolo","lemma":"giallognolo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies verde","gloss":"yellowish"},{"surface":"circondavano","lemma":"circondare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"surrounded"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of convento","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"convento","lemma":"convento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of circondavano","gloss":"convent"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"coprivano","lemma":"coprire","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with circondavano","gloss":"covered"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of fianchi","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fianchi","lemma":"fianco","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of coprivano","gloss":"flanks"},{"surface":"della","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking montagna","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"montagna","lemma":"montagna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies fianchi","gloss":"mountain"},{"surface":"piramidale","lemma":"piramidale","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies montagna","gloss":"pyramidal"}]},{"number":9,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p4-s2","source":"Dalla finestruola di padre Topes si godeva un immenso orizzonte, si vedevano montagne violacee sul cielo che cangiava colore ogni momento, e all’alba pareva soffuso di latte azzurrognolo, e al tramonto ardeva come lamina d’oro arrossata dal riflesso d’un fuoco potente.","translation":"From Padre Topes's little window one could enjoy an immense horizon, one could see violet-hued mountains against a sky that changed color every moment, and at dawn it seemed suffused with bluish milk, and at sunset it burned like a sheet of gold reddened by the reflection of a mighty fire.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"si godeva / si vedevano","title":"«si» impersonale/passivante","body":"«Si godeva» and «si vedevano» use «si» to mean 'one enjoyed / one could see' — the impersonal-passive construction Italian favors over naming a generic subject ('you', 'people'). It shifts focus onto the view itself, not onto whoever is looking."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dalla","lemma":"da il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking finestruola","gloss":"from the"},{"surface":"finestruola","lemma":"finestruola","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of godeva","gloss":"little window"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking padre","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"padre","lemma":"padre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies finestruola","gloss":"Father"},{"surface":"Topes","lemma":"Topes","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies finestruola","gloss":"Topes"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"expletive with godeva","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"godeva","lemma":"godere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with vedevano","gloss":"enjoyed"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of orizzonte","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"immenso","lemma":"immenso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies orizzonte","gloss":"immense"},{"surface":"orizzonte","lemma":"orizzonte","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of godeva","gloss":"horizon"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"expletive with vedevano","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"vedevano","lemma":"vedere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"montagne","lemma":"montagna","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of passive vedevano","gloss":"mountains"},{"surface":"violacee","lemma":"violaceo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies montagne","gloss":"violet-hued"},{"surface":"sul","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cielo","gloss":"against the"},{"surface":"cielo","lemma":"cielo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of vedevano","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of cangiava","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"cangiava","lemma":"cangiare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on cielo","gloss":"changed"},{"surface":"colore","lemma":"colore","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of cangiava","gloss":"color"},{"surface":"ogni","lemma":"ogni","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of momento","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"momento","lemma":"momento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of cangiava","gloss":"moment"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"all’","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking alba","gloss":"at the"},{"surface":"alba","lemma":"alba","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of pareva","gloss":"dawn"},{"surface":"pareva","lemma":"parere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with vedevano","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"soffuso","lemma":"soffuso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"complement of pareva","gloss":"suffused"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking latte","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"latte","lemma":"latte","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of soffuso","gloss":"milk"},{"surface":"azzurrognolo","lemma":"azzurrognolo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies latte","gloss":"bluish"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tramonto","gloss":"at the"},{"surface":"tramonto","lemma":"tramonto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of ardeva","gloss":"sunset"},{"surface":"ardeva","lemma":"ardere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with vedevano","gloss":"burned"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lamina","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"lamina","lemma":"lamina","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of ardeva","gloss":"sheet"},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oro","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"oro","lemma":"oro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies lamina","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"arrossata","lemma":"arrossare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, feminine, singular","role":"modifies lamina","gloss":"reddened"},{"surface":"dal","lemma":"da il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking riflesso","gloss":"by the"},{"surface":"riflesso","lemma":"riflesso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"agent of arrossata","gloss":"reflection"},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fuoco","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of fuoco","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"fuoco","lemma":"fuoco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies riflesso","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"potente","lemma":"potente","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies fuoco","gloss":"mighty"}]},{"number":10,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p4-s3","source":"Sentiva padre Topes la grandiosa bellezza, la solitudine divina del luogo?","translation":"Did Padre Topes feel the grandiose beauty, the divine solitude of the place?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sentiva","lemma":"sentire","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"did he feel"},{"surface":"padre","lemma":"padre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of Sentiva","gloss":"Father"},{"surface":"Topes","lemma":"Topes","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies padre","gloss":"Topes"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of bellezza","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"grandiosa","lemma":"grandioso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies bellezza","gloss":"grandiose"},{"surface":"bellezza","lemma":"bellezza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of Sentiva","gloss":"beauty"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of solitudine","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"solitudine","lemma":"solitudine","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with bellezza, direct object of Sentiva","gloss":"solitude"},{"surface":"divina","lemma":"divino","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies solitudine","gloss":"divine"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking luogo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"luogo","lemma":"luogo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies solitudine","gloss":"place"}]},{"number":11,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p4-s4","source":"Sentiva le acute fragranze del musco e delle piante aromatiche, che salivano dai boschi al cader della sera, quando la luna nuova, rossa come una ferita sul cielo violetto sfumante in rosa, in lilla, in glauco, calava sulle montagne della natìa Barbagia; quando le roccie, al crepuscolo, biancheggiavano quasi di una luce propria, e tutto il bosco aveva fremiti, riflessi, mormorii arcani; e tutta la montagna pareva assorta in un sogno d’amore?","translation":"Did he feel the sharp fragrances of the moss and the aromatic plants that rose from the woods at the falling of evening, when the new moon, red as a wound against the violet sky shading into pink, into lilac, into glaucous grey, sank behind the mountains of his native Barbagia; when the rocks, at twilight, whitened as if with a light of their own, and the whole wood had tremblings, gleams, arcane murmurs; and the whole mountain seemed absorbed in a dream of love?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Barbagia","title":"Barbagia","body":"The wild, mountainous heart of central Sardinia, historically the region's most isolated and traditional area — naming it as the friar's «natìa» (native) home marks him as coming from Sardinia's deep interior, not the coast."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sentiva","lemma":"sentire","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"did he feel"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of fragranze","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"acute","lemma":"acuto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies fragranze","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"fragranze","lemma":"fragranza","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of Sentiva","gloss":"fragrances"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking musco","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"musco","lemma":"musco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies fragranze","gloss":"moss"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"delle","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking piante","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"piante","lemma":"pianta","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with musco","gloss":"plants"},{"surface":"aromatiche","lemma":"aromatico","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies piante","gloss":"aromatic"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of salivano","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"salivano","lemma":"salire","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"relative clause on fragranze","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"dai","lemma":"da il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking boschi","gloss":"from the"},{"surface":"boschi","lemma":"bosco","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of salivano","gloss":"woods"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cader","gloss":"at the"},{"surface":"cader","lemma":"cadere","morphology":"verb, infinitive used as a noun, masculine","role":"oblique complement of salivano","gloss":"falling","note":"Apocopated infinitive used substantively, common in literary prose; the standard dictionary lemma is cadere."},{"surface":"della","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sera","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"sera","lemma":"sera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies cader","gloss":"evening"},{"surface":"quando","lemma":"quando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of calava","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of luna","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"luna","lemma":"luna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of calava","gloss":"moon"},{"surface":"nuova","lemma":"nuovo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies luna","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"rossa","lemma":"rosso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies luna","gloss":"red"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ferita","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ferita","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ferita","lemma":"ferita","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of rossa","gloss":"wound"},{"surface":"sul","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cielo","gloss":"against the"},{"surface":"cielo","lemma":"cielo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of ferita","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"violetto","lemma":"violetto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cielo","gloss":"violet"},{"surface":"sfumante","lemma":"sfumante","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies cielo","gloss":"shading"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rosa","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"rosa","lemma":"rosa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies cielo","gloss":"pink"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lilla","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"lilla","lemma":"lilla","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with rosa, modifies cielo","gloss":"lilac"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking glauco","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"glauco","lemma":"glauco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with lilla","gloss":"glaucous grey"},{"surface":"calava","lemma":"calare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on Sentiva","gloss":"sank"},{"surface":"sulle","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking montagne","gloss":"behind the"},{"surface":"montagne","lemma":"montagna","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of calava","gloss":"mountains"},{"surface":"della","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Barbagia","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"natìa","lemma":"natio","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies Barbagia","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"Barbagia","lemma":"Barbagia","morphology":"proper noun","role":"complement of della","gloss":"Barbagia"},{"surface":"quando","lemma":"quando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of biancheggiavano","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of roccie","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"roccie","lemma":"roccia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of biancheggiavano","gloss":"rocks"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking crepuscolo","gloss":"at the"},{"surface":"crepuscolo","lemma":"crepuscolo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of biancheggiavano","gloss":"twilight"},{"surface":"biancheggiavano","lemma":"biancheggiare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the quando-clause","gloss":"whitened"},{"surface":"quasi","lemma":"quasi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies luce","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking luce","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of luce","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"luce","lemma":"luce","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of biancheggiavano","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"propria","lemma":"proprio","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies luce","gloss":"own"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tutto","lemma":"tutto","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on bosco","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of bosco","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"bosco","lemma":"bosco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of aveva","gloss":"wood"},{"surface":"aveva","lemma":"avere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with biancheggiavano","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"fremiti","lemma":"fremito","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of aveva","gloss":"tremblings"},{"surface":"riflessi","lemma":"riflesso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with fremiti","gloss":"gleams"},{"surface":"mormorii","lemma":"mormorio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with fremiti","gloss":"murmurs"},{"surface":"arcani","lemma":"arcano","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies mormorii","gloss":"arcane"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tutta","lemma":"tutto","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"depends on montagna","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of montagna","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"montagna","lemma":"montagna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of pareva","gloss":"mountain"},{"surface":"pareva","lemma":"parere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"assorta","lemma":"assorto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"complement of pareva","gloss":"absorbed"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sogno","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sogno","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sogno","lemma":"sogno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of assorta","gloss":"dream"},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking amore","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"amore","lemma":"amore","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies sogno","gloss":"love"}]},{"number":12,"label":"5","id":"padre-topes-p5-s1","source":"Chissà?","translation":"Who knows?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Chissà","lemma":"chissà","morphology":"interjection","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"who knows"}]},{"number":13,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p5-s2","source":"Fatto sta che egli rimaneva ore ed ore alla finestra, anche dopo che gli uccelli s’erano ritirati nel bosco e nei nidi sulle roccie; e guardava “rapito in estasi„ il magnifico orizzonte; e anche d’inverno, quando le nuvole e la nebbia stringevano la montagna, il piccolo frate usava affacciarsi alla finestra, col musetto livido e screpolato dal freddo, e guardava in lontananza, gettando briciole ai corvi che venivano dalle nuvole e tornavano fra le nuvole.","translation":"The fact remains that he stayed hour after hour at the window, even after the birds had withdrawn into the wood and into their nests among the rocks; and he watched, \"rapt in ecstasy,\" the magnificent horizon; and even in winter, when the clouds and the fog pressed close around the mountain, the little friar would come to the window, his small snout livid and chapped with cold, and gaze into the distance, throwing crumbs to the crows that came from the clouds and returned among the clouds.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"usava affacciarsi","title":"«usare» + infinitive = 'used to'","body":"«Usava affacciarsi» means 'he used to come to the window' — «usare» plus an infinitive is an older, literary way of marking a habitual past action, standing in for «era solito» or simply the imperfect."}],"words":[{"surface":"Fatto","lemma":"fatto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of sta","gloss":"the fact","note":"'Fatto sta che' is a fixed idiom meaning 'the fact remains that'."},{"surface":"sta","lemma":"stare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"remains"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of rimaneva","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"egli","lemma":"egli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of rimaneva","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"rimaneva","lemma":"rimanere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of sta","gloss":"stayed"},{"surface":"ore","lemma":"ora","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"temporal complement of rimaneva","gloss":"hours"},{"surface":"ed","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ore","lemma":"ora","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with ore","gloss":"hours"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking finestra","gloss":"at the"},{"surface":"finestra","lemma":"finestra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies ore","gloss":"window"},{"surface":"anche","lemma":"anche","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dopo","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"dopo","lemma":"dopo","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of ritirati","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase dopo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of uccelli","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"uccelli","lemma":"uccello","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of ritirati","gloss":"birds"},{"surface":"s’","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive pronoun of ritirati","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"erano","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of ritirati","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"ritirati","lemma":"ritirare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, plural","role":"adverbial clause on rimaneva","gloss":"withdrawn"},{"surface":"nel","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bosco","gloss":"into the"},{"surface":"bosco","lemma":"bosco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of ritirati","gloss":"wood"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nei","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nidi","gloss":"into the"},{"surface":"nidi","lemma":"nido","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with bosco","gloss":"nests"},{"surface":"sulle","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking roccie","gloss":"among the"},{"surface":"roccie","lemma":"roccia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies nidi","gloss":"rocks"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"guardava","lemma":"guardare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"watched"},{"surface":"rapito","lemma":"rapire","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"complement of guardava","gloss":"rapt"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking estasi","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"estasi","lemma":"estasi","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of rapito","gloss":"ecstasy"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of orizzonte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"magnifico","lemma":"magnifico","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies orizzonte","gloss":"magnificent"},{"surface":"orizzonte","lemma":"orizzonte","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of guardava","gloss":"horizon"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"anche","lemma":"anche","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies inverno","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking inverno","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"inverno","lemma":"inverno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of usava","gloss":"winter"},{"surface":"quando","lemma":"quando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of stringevano","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of nuvole","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nuvole","lemma":"nuvola","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of stringevano","gloss":"clouds"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of nebbia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nebbia","lemma":"nebbia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with nuvole","gloss":"fog"},{"surface":"stringevano","lemma":"stringere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"adverbial clause on usava","gloss":"pressed"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of montagna","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"montagna","lemma":"montagna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of stringevano","gloss":"mountain"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of frate","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"piccolo","lemma":"piccolo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies frate","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"frate","lemma":"frate","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of usava","gloss":"friar"},{"surface":"usava","lemma":"usare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"used"},{"surface":"affacciarsi","lemma":"affacciarsi","morphology":"verb, infinitive, reflexive","role":"complement of usava","gloss":"to appear"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking finestra","gloss":"at the"},{"surface":"finestra","lemma":"finestra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of affacciarsi","gloss":"window"},{"surface":"col","lemma":"con il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking musetto","gloss":"with the"},{"surface":"musetto","lemma":"musetto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of affacciarsi","gloss":"little snout"},{"surface":"livido","lemma":"livido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies musetto","gloss":"livid"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"screpolato","lemma":"screpolare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with livido","gloss":"chapped"},{"surface":"dal","lemma":"da il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking freddo","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"freddo","lemma":"freddo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"agent of screpolato","gloss":"cold"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"guardava","lemma":"guardare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with usava","gloss":"gazed"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lontananza","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"lontananza","lemma":"lontananza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of guardava","gloss":"distance"},{"surface":"gettando","lemma":"gettare","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on guardava","gloss":"throwing"},{"surface":"briciole","lemma":"briciola","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of gettando","gloss":"crumbs"},{"surface":"ai","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking corvi","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"corvi","lemma":"corvo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of gettando","gloss":"crows"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of venivano","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"venivano","lemma":"venire","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"relative clause on corvi","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"dalle","lemma":"da il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nuvole","gloss":"from the"},{"surface":"nuvole","lemma":"nuvola","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of venivano","gloss":"clouds"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tornavano","lemma":"tornare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with venivano","gloss":"returned"},{"surface":"fra","lemma":"fra","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nuvole","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of nuvole","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nuvole","lemma":"nuvola","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of tornavano","gloss":"clouds"}]},{"number":14,"label":"6","id":"padre-topes-p6-s1","source":"— Grazie, grazie, grazie, — pareva dicessero i corvi col loro grido rauco, salutando lo strano fraticello.","translation":"\"Thank you, thank you, thank you,\" the crows seemed to say in their hoarse cry, greeting the strange little friar.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"fraticello","title":"«-ello» diminutive","body":"«Fraticello» ('little friar') adds the diminutive suffix «-ello» to «frate», giving it an affectionate, slightly pitying tone the narrator uses for Padre Topes throughout the story."}],"words":[{"surface":"Grazie","lemma":"grazie","morphology":"interjection","role":"quoted utterance, complement of dicessero","gloss":"Thank you"},{"surface":"grazie","lemma":"grazie","morphology":"interjection","role":"coordinated with Grazie","gloss":"thank you"},{"surface":"grazie","lemma":"grazie","morphology":"interjection","role":"coordinated with grazie","gloss":"thank you"},{"surface":"pareva","lemma":"parere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"dicessero","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, plural","role":"clausal complement of pareva","gloss":"to say"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of corvi","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"corvi","lemma":"corvo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of dicessero","gloss":"crows"},{"surface":"col","lemma":"con il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking grido","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"loro","lemma":"loro","morphology":"determiner","role":"depends on grido","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"grido","lemma":"grido","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of dicessero","gloss":"cry"},{"surface":"rauco","lemma":"rauco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies grido","gloss":"hoarse"},{"surface":"salutando","lemma":"salutare","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on dicessero","gloss":"greeting"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of fraticello","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"strano","lemma":"strano","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies fraticello","gloss":"strange"},{"surface":"fraticello","lemma":"fraticello","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of salutando","gloss":"little friar"}]},{"number":15,"label":"7","id":"padre-topes-p7-s1","source":"— Egli diventerà santo; santo come san Francesco, — diceva fra Chircu, il guardiano, il quale di notte piangeva e si martoriava perchè di giorno non poteva far a meno di ubbriacarsi.","translation":"\"He will become a saint; a saint like Saint Francis,\" said Fra Chircu, the guardian, who at night would weep and torment himself because by day he could not help getting drunk.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"non poteva far a meno di","title":"«fare a meno di» + infinitive","body":"«Fare a meno di» means 'to do without'; «non poteva far a meno di ubbriacarsi» is 'he could not help getting drunk' — literally 'he could not do without getting drunk'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Egli","lemma":"egli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of diventerà","gloss":"He"},{"surface":"diventerà","lemma":"diventare","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will become"},{"surface":"santo","lemma":"santo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"complement of diventerà","gloss":"a saint"},{"surface":"santo","lemma":"santo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with santo","gloss":"a saint"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking san","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"san","lemma":"San","morphology":"proper noun","role":"title, modifies Francesco","gloss":"Saint"},{"surface":"Francesco","lemma":"Francesco","morphology":"proper noun","role":"depends on san","gloss":"Francis"},{"surface":"diceva","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"fra","lemma":"fra","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"title, modifies Chircu","gloss":"Fra","note":"'Fra' (short for 'frate') is a title, 'Brother', not the preposition 'fra' (among)."},{"surface":"Chircu","lemma":"Chircu","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of diceva","gloss":"Chircu"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of guardiano","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"guardiano","lemma":"guardiano","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to Chircu","gloss":"guardian"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of quale","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"quale","lemma":"quale","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of piangeva","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking notte","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"notte","lemma":"notte","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of piangeva","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"piangeva","lemma":"piangere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on guardiano","gloss":"would weep"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"depends on martoriava","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"martoriava","lemma":"martoriare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with piangeva","gloss":"tormented"},{"surface":"perchè","lemma":"perché","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of far","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking giorno","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"giorno","lemma":"giorno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of far","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies poteva","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"poteva","lemma":"potere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of far","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"far","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of martoriava","gloss":"help","note":"'fare a meno di' + infinitive is an idiom: 'to do without / can't help doing'."},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking meno","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"meno","lemma":"meno","morphology":"adverb","role":"oblique complement of far","gloss":"less"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of ubbriacarsi","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ubbriacarsi","lemma":"ubriacarsi","morphology":"verb, infinitive, reflexive","role":"complement of far","gloss":"getting drunk","note":"'ubbriacarsi' is an older spelling of 'ubriacarsi'."}]},{"number":16,"label":"8","id":"padre-topes-p8-s1","source":"Una volta, però, padre Topes cadde in peccato mortale.","translation":"Once, however, Padre Topes fell into mortal sin.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"cadde","title":"Passato remoto marks the turning point","body":"«Cadde» ('fell') is passato remoto, the tense of a single, finished event — a sharp break from the imperfect tense (habitual description) that has carried the story so far. Its arrival signals: this is the one thing that actually happens."}],"words":[{"surface":"Una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of volta","gloss":"One"},{"surface":"volta","lemma":"volta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of cadde","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"però","lemma":"però","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies cadde","gloss":"however"},{"surface":"padre","lemma":"padre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of cadde","gloss":"Padre"},{"surface":"Topes","lemma":"Topes","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies padre","gloss":"Topes"},{"surface":"cadde","lemma":"cadere","morphology":"verb, past historic, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking peccato","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"peccato","lemma":"peccato","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of cadde","gloss":"sin"},{"surface":"mortale","lemma":"mortale","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies peccato","gloss":"mortal"}]},{"number":17,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p8-s2","source":"Ed ecco come.","translation":"And here is how.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ed","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"ecco","lemma":"ecco","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies come","gloss":"here is"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"how"}]},{"number":18,"label":"9","id":"padre-topes-p9-s1","source":"Un giorno, ai primi d’aprile, mentre il piccolo frate stava alla finestra contemplando il cielo azzurro tempestato di piccole nubi che parevano foglie di rose, fra Chircu lo chiamò e gli ordinò di partire l’indomani per la cerca.","translation":"One day, in early April, while the little friar stood at the window contemplating the blue sky studded with small clouds that looked like rose petals, Fra Chircu called him and ordered him to leave the next day on the begging round.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"la cerca","title":"«la cerca»","body":"«La cerca» is the mendicant friars' traditional door-to-door round collecting alms — food, cheese, oil, small coin — from village households, the economic lifeline of a poor rural convent like this one."}],"words":[{"surface":"Un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of giorno","gloss":"One"},{"surface":"giorno","lemma":"giorno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of chiamò","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"ai","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking primi","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"primi","lemma":"primo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of chiamò","gloss":"early","note":"'ai primi di aprile' literally 'in the first (days) of April' = 'in early April'."},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking aprile","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"aprile","lemma":"aprile","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies primi","gloss":"April"},{"surface":"mentre","lemma":"mentre","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of stava","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of frate","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"piccolo","lemma":"piccolo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies frate","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"frate","lemma":"frate","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of stava","gloss":"friar"},{"surface":"stava","lemma":"stare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on chiamò","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking finestra","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"finestra","lemma":"finestra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of stava","gloss":"window"},{"surface":"contemplando","lemma":"contemplare","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on stava","gloss":"contemplating"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cielo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cielo","lemma":"cielo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of contemplando","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"azzurro","lemma":"azzurro","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cielo","gloss":"blue"},{"surface":"tempestato","lemma":"tempestare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cielo","gloss":"studded"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nubi","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"piccole","lemma":"piccolo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies nubi","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"nubi","lemma":"nube","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies cielo","gloss":"clouds"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of parevano","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"parevano","lemma":"parere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"relative clause on nubi","gloss":"looked"},{"surface":"foglie","lemma":"foglia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of parevano","gloss":"petals","note":"'foglie' (leaves) is used here in the poetic/older sense of flower petals, as the translation renders it."},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rose","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"rose","lemma":"rosa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies foglie","gloss":"roses"},{"surface":"fra","lemma":"fra","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"title, modifies Chircu","gloss":"Fra"},{"surface":"Chircu","lemma":"Chircu","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of chiamò","gloss":"Chircu"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of chiamò","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"chiamò","lemma":"chiamare","morphology":"verb, past historic, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"gli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of ordinò","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ordinò","lemma":"ordinare","morphology":"verb, past historic, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with chiamò","gloss":"ordered"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of partire","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"partire","lemma":"partire","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of ordinò","gloss":"leave"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of indomani","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"indomani","lemma":"indomani","morphology":"noun, masculine","role":"temporal complement of partire","gloss":"next day"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cerca","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cerca","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cerca","lemma":"cerca","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of partire","gloss":"begging round"}]},{"number":19,"label":"10","id":"padre-topes-p10-s1","source":"Di solito, in quel tempo dell’anno, i sardi sono molto poveri, ma ai frati dànno sempre qualche cosa.","translation":"Usually, at that time of year, the Sardinians are very poor, but to the friars they always give something.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking solito","gloss":"Usually"},{"surface":"solito","lemma":"solito","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of poveri","gloss":"usual"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tempo","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"quel","lemma":"quello","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tempo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"tempo","lemma":"tempo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of poveri","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"dell’","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking anno","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"anno","lemma":"anno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies tempo","gloss":"year"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of sardi","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sardi","lemma":"sardo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of poveri","gloss":"Sardinians"},{"surface":"sono","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to poveri","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"molto","lemma":"molto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies poveri","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"poveri","lemma":"povero","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"poor"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ai","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking frati","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"frati","lemma":"frate","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of dànno","gloss":"friars"},{"surface":"dànno","lemma":"dare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with poveri","gloss":"give","note":"'dànno' (they give) is accented to distinguish it from 'danno' (damage)."},{"surface":"sempre","lemma":"sempre","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dànno","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"qualche","lemma":"qualche","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of cosa","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"cosa","lemma":"cosa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of dànno","gloss":"thing"}]},{"number":20,"label":"11","id":"padre-topes-p11-s1","source":"Frate Topes partì la mattina per tempo: il cielo era tutto argenteo, il bosco umido, le foglie secche e brune che coprivano il suolo brillavano di rugiada.","translation":"Frate Topes set out early in the morning: the sky was all silver, the wood damp, the dry brown leaves covering the ground glistened with dew.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Frate","lemma":"frate","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"title, subject of partì","gloss":"Frate"},{"surface":"Topes","lemma":"Topes","morphology":"proper noun","role":"depends on Frate","gloss":"Topes"},{"surface":"partì","lemma":"partire","morphology":"verb, past historic, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"set out"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mattina","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mattina","lemma":"mattina","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"temporal complement of partì","gloss":"morning"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tempo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"tempo","lemma":"tempo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of partì","gloss":"time","note":"'per tempo' is an idiom meaning 'early, in good time'."},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cielo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cielo","lemma":"cielo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of argenteo","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to argenteo","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"tutto","lemma":"tutto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies argenteo","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"argenteo","lemma":"argenteo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"silver"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of bosco","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"bosco","lemma":"bosco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with cielo","gloss":"wood"},{"surface":"umido","lemma":"umido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies bosco","gloss":"damp"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of foglie","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"foglie","lemma":"foglia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of brillavano","gloss":"leaves"},{"surface":"secche","lemma":"secco","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies foglie","gloss":"dry"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"brune","lemma":"bruno","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with secche","gloss":"brown"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of coprivano","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"coprivano","lemma":"coprire","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"relative clause on foglie","gloss":"covered"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of suolo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"suolo","lemma":"suolo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of coprivano","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"brillavano","lemma":"brillare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with era","gloss":"glistened"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rugiada","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"rugiada","lemma":"rugiada","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of brillavano","gloss":"dew"}]},{"number":21,"label":"12","id":"padre-topes-p12-s1","source":"Un soave odore di violette e di narcisi avvolgeva il frate, che sorrideva beato.","translation":"A sweet scent of violets and narcissus enveloped the friar, who smiled, blissful.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of odore","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"soave","lemma":"soave","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies odore","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"odore","lemma":"odore","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of avvolgeva","gloss":"scent"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking violette","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"violette","lemma":"violetta","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies odore","gloss":"violets"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking narcisi","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"narcisi","lemma":"narciso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with violette","gloss":"narcissus"},{"surface":"avvolgeva","lemma":"avvolgere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"enveloped"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of frate","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"frate","lemma":"frate","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of avvolgeva","gloss":"friar"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of sorrideva","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"sorrideva","lemma":"sorridere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on frate","gloss":"smiled"},{"surface":"beato","lemma":"beato","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"complement of sorrideva","gloss":"blissful"}]},{"number":22,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p12-s2","source":"Ah come si sentiva felice di viaggiare!","translation":"Ah, how happy he felt to be traveling!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ah","lemma":"ah","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of sentiva","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive pronoun of sentiva","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"sentiva","lemma":"sentire","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"felice","lemma":"felice","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"complement of sentiva","gloss":"happy"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of viaggiare","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"viaggiare","lemma":"viaggiare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of sentiva","gloss":"traveling"}]},{"number":23,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p12-s3","source":"Avrebbe visitato tante belle chiese, avrebbe visto il vescovo di Nuoro solenne e bello come un santo apostolo.","translation":"He would visit so many beautiful churches, he would see the Bishop of Nuoro, solemn and handsome as a holy apostle.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Avrebbe visitato / avrebbe visto","title":"Conditional perfect for 'future in the past'","body":"These conditional-perfect forms don't mean 'would have' in a hypothetical sense here; they render what, from the friar's excited anticipation, still lay ahead of him — a 'future seen from the past', a common Italian use of the conditional perfect inside past narration."}],"words":[{"surface":"Avrebbe","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of visitato","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"visitato","lemma":"visitare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"visit"},{"surface":"tante","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of chiese","gloss":"so many"},{"surface":"belle","lemma":"bello","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies chiese","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"chiese","lemma":"chiesa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of visitato","gloss":"churches"},{"surface":"avrebbe","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of visto","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"visto","lemma":"vedere","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with visitato","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vescovo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vescovo","lemma":"vescovo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of visto","gloss":"Bishop"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Nuoro","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Nuoro","lemma":"Nuoro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies vescovo","gloss":"Nuoro"},{"surface":"solenne","lemma":"solenne","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies vescovo","gloss":"solemn"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"bello","lemma":"bello","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with solenne","gloss":"handsome"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking santo","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of apostolo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"santo","lemma":"santo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies apostolo","gloss":"holy"},{"surface":"apostolo","lemma":"apostolo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of come","gloss":"apostle"}]},{"number":24,"label":"13","id":"padre-topes-p13-s1","source":"Basta, arrivato in fondo alla montagna, davanti al villaggio nero e silenzioso come una cava di schisto, il frate si riposò sotto i bassi rami di un elce, vicino al quale gorgogliava una fontana.","translation":"Enough — having arrived at the foot of the mountain, before the village, black and silent as a schist quarry, the friar rested beneath the low branches of a holm oak, near which a spring bubbled.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Basta","title":"«Basta» as a discourse marker","body":"Used here at the head of a sentence, «Basta» doesn't mean 'enough' as a command — it's a narrator's verbal shrug, roughly 'anyway' or 'in short', moving the story briskly along. Deledda reuses it later ('Basta, una notte…') the same way."}],"words":[{"surface":"Basta","lemma":"bastare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"exclamation introducing the sentence","gloss":"enough"},{"surface":"arrivato","lemma":"arrivare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial participle on riposò","gloss":"having arrived"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fondo","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"fondo","lemma":"fondo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of arrivato","gloss":"foot"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking montagna","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"montagna","lemma":"montagna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies fondo","gloss":"mountain"},{"surface":"davanti","lemma":"davanti","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition marking villaggio","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"a il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of villaggio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"villaggio","lemma":"villaggio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of arrivato","gloss":"village"},{"surface":"nero","lemma":"nero","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies villaggio","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"silenzioso","lemma":"silenzioso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with nero","gloss":"silent"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cava","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cava","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"cava","lemma":"cava","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies villaggio","gloss":"quarry"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking schisto","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"schisto","lemma":"scisto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cava","gloss":"schist"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of frate","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"frate","lemma":"frate","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of riposò","gloss":"friar"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive pronoun of riposò","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"riposò","lemma":"riposare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"rested"},{"surface":"sotto","lemma":"sotto","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rami","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of rami","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"bassi","lemma":"basso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies rami","gloss":"low"},{"surface":"rami","lemma":"ramo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of riposò","gloss":"branches"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking elce","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of elce","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"elce","lemma":"elce","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies rami","gloss":"holm oak"},{"surface":"vicino","lemma":"vicino","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition marking quale","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"a il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of quale","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"quale","lemma":"quale","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of gorgogliava","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"gorgogliava","lemma":"gorgogliare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause modifying elce","gloss":"bubbled"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of fontana","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"fontana","lemma":"fontana","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of gorgogliava","gloss":"spring"}]},{"number":25,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p13-s2","source":"Poco distante c’era la prima casa del paese; ed una fanciulla alta e formosa, bruna ma con occhi turchini, uscì da questa casa, venne ad attingere acqua alla fontana, e salutò il fraticello sorridendogli graziosamente.","translation":"Not far off stood the first house of the village; and a girl, tall and shapely, dark-haired but with blue eyes, came out of this house, came to draw water at the spring, and greeted the little friar, smiling at him graciously.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"turchini","title":"«turchino»","body":"An older, literary word for a deep, intense blue — used here (rather than the plain «azzurri») to make the girl's eyes strikingly memorable against her dark hair."}],"words":[{"surface":"Poco","lemma":"poco","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies distante","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"distante","lemma":"distante","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"depends on era","gloss":"far off"},{"surface":"c’","lemma":"ci","morphology":"pronoun","role":"expletive with era","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of casa","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"prima","lemma":"primo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies casa","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"casa","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of era","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking paese","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"paese","lemma":"paese","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies casa","gloss":"village"},{"surface":"ed","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of fanciulla","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"fanciulla","lemma":"fanciulla","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of uscì","gloss":"girl"},{"surface":"alta","lemma":"alto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies fanciulla","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"formosa","lemma":"formoso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with alta","gloss":"shapely"},{"surface":"bruna","lemma":"bruno","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with alta","gloss":"dark-haired"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking occhi","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"occhi","lemma":"occhio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of con, modifies fanciulla","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"turchini","lemma":"turchino","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies occhi","gloss":"blue"},{"surface":"uscì","lemma":"uscire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came out"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking casa","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"questa","lemma":"questo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of casa","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"casa","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of uscì","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"venne","lemma":"venire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with uscì","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of attingere","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"attingere","lemma":"attingere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of venne","gloss":"draw"},{"surface":"acqua","lemma":"acqua","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of attingere","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fontana","gloss":"at the"},{"surface":"fontana","lemma":"fontana","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of attingere","gloss":"spring"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"salutò","lemma":"salutare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with uscì","gloss":"greeted"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of fraticello","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fraticello","lemma":"fraticello","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of salutò","gloss":"little friar"},{"surface":"sorridendogli","lemma":"sorridere","morphology":"verb, gerund, with indirect-object clitic","role":"adverbial clause on salutò","gloss":"smiling at him"},{"surface":"graziosamente","lemma":"graziosamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sorridendogli","gloss":"graciously"}]},{"number":26,"label":"14","id":"padre-topes-p14-s1","source":"Egli la guardò e non si turbò affatto per la presenza di lei e per il suo bel sorriso; anzi le chiese a chi poteva rivolgersi per il cavallo.","translation":"He looked at her and was not troubled at all by her presence and her lovely smile; on the contrary, he asked her whom he might turn to about the horse.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Egli","lemma":"egli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of guardò","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of guardò","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"guardò","lemma":"guardare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"looked at"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies turbò","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive pronoun of turbò","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"turbò","lemma":"turbare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with guardò","gloss":"troubled"},{"surface":"affatto","lemma":"affatto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies turbò","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking presenza","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of presenza","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"presenza","lemma":"presenza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of turbò","gloss":"presence"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lei","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"lei","lemma":"lei","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"modifies presenza","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sorriso","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sorriso","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"suo","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on sorriso","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"bel","lemma":"bello","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies sorriso","gloss":"lovely"},{"surface":"sorriso","lemma":"sorriso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with presenza","gloss":"smile"},{"surface":"anzi","lemma":"anzi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies chiese","gloss":"on the contrary"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular, indirect object","role":"indirect object of chiese","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"chiese","lemma":"chiedere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking chi","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"chi","lemma":"chi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of chiese","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"poteva","lemma":"potere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of rivolgersi","gloss":"might"},{"surface":"rivolgersi","lemma":"rivolgersi","morphology":"verb, infinitive, reflexive","role":"relative clause on chi","gloss":"turn"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cavallo","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cavallo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cavallo","lemma":"cavallo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of rivolgersi","gloss":"horse"}]},{"number":27,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p14-s2","source":"Ella nominò un ricco paesano.","translation":"She named a rich villager.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ella","lemma":"ella","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of nominò","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"nominò","lemma":"nominare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"named"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of paesano","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ricco","lemma":"ricco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies paesano","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"paesano","lemma":"paesano","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of nominò","gloss":"villager"}]},{"number":28,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p14-s3","source":"Egli trovò il cavallo, partì, girò per i villaggi, e visitò tante belle chiese, ed arrivò a Nuoro e vide il vescovo, alto, solenne e candido come un santo apostolo vivente.","translation":"He found the horse, set off, went round the villages, and visited so many beautiful churches, and arrived at Nuoro and saw the bishop, tall, solemn, and pure-white as a living holy apostle.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Egli","lemma":"egli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of trovò","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"trovò","lemma":"trovare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cavallo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cavallo","lemma":"cavallo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of trovò","gloss":"horse"},{"surface":"partì","lemma":"partire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with trovò","gloss":"set off"},{"surface":"girò","lemma":"girare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with trovò","gloss":"went round"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking villaggi","gloss":"round"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of villaggi","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"villaggi","lemma":"villaggio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of girò","gloss":"villages"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"visitò","lemma":"visitare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with trovò","gloss":"visited"},{"surface":"tante","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of chiese","gloss":"so many"},{"surface":"belle","lemma":"bello","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies chiese","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"chiese","lemma":"chiesa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of visitò","gloss":"churches"},{"surface":"ed","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"arrivò","lemma":"arrivare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with trovò","gloss":"arrived"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Nuoro","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Nuoro","lemma":"Nuoro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of arrivò","gloss":"Nuoro"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vide","lemma":"vedere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with trovò","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vescovo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vescovo","lemma":"vescovo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of vide","gloss":"bishop"},{"surface":"alto","lemma":"alto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies vescovo","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"solenne","lemma":"solenne","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"coordinated with alto","gloss":"solemn"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"candido","lemma":"candido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with alto","gloss":"pure-white"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking santo","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of apostolo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"santo","lemma":"santo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies apostolo","gloss":"holy"},{"surface":"apostolo","lemma":"apostolo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of come","gloss":"apostle"},{"surface":"vivente","lemma":"vivente","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies apostolo","gloss":"living"}]},{"number":29,"label":"15","id":"padre-topes-p15-s1","source":"Il tempo era stupendo; tiepido e molle: il sole già caldo ma velato da vapori lattei, inondava di voluttuosi tepori le verdi campagne, freschissime, fiorite di margherite e di ranuncoli, di puleggio e di genziane.","translation":"The weather was splendid; mild and soft: the sun, already warm but veiled by milky vapors, flooded with voluptuous warmth the green countryside, very fresh, flowering with daisies and buttercups, with pennyroyal and gentians.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tempo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tempo","lemma":"tempo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of era","gloss":"weather"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb (copula) of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"stupendo","lemma":"stupendo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of era","gloss":"splendid"},{"surface":"tiepido","lemma":"tiepido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with stupendo","gloss":"mild"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"molle","lemma":"molle","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"coordinated with tiepido","gloss":"soft"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sole","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sole","lemma":"sole","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of inondava","gloss":"sun"},{"surface":"già","lemma":"già","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies caldo","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"caldo","lemma":"caldo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies sole","gloss":"warm"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"velato","lemma":"velare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with caldo","gloss":"veiled"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vapori","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"vapori","lemma":"vapore","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"agent of velato","gloss":"vapors"},{"surface":"lattei","lemma":"latteo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies vapori","gloss":"milky"},{"surface":"inondava","lemma":"inondare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"flooded"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tepori","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"voluttuosi","lemma":"voluttuoso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies tepori","gloss":"voluptuous"},{"surface":"tepori","lemma":"tepore","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of inondava","gloss":"warmth"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of campagne","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"verdi","lemma":"verde","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies campagne","gloss":"green"},{"surface":"campagne","lemma":"campagna","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of inondava","gloss":"countryside"},{"surface":"freschissime","lemma":"freschissimo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with campagne","gloss":"very fresh"},{"surface":"fiorite","lemma":"fiorito","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with campagne","gloss":"flowering"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking margherite","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"margherite","lemma":"margherita","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies fiorite","gloss":"daisies"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ranuncoli","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ranuncoli","lemma":"ranuncolo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with margherite","gloss":"buttercups"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking puleggio","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"puleggio","lemma":"puleggio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with margherite","gloss":"pennyroyal"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking genziane","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"genziane","lemma":"genziana","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with puleggio","gloss":"gentians"}]},{"number":30,"label":"16","id":"padre-topes-p16-s1","source":"Il fraticello viaggiava con piacere, salutando con gioia infantile tutte le persone che incontrava: qualche volta si tuffava fra le alte erbe tiepide, mentre il cavallo pascolava, e sentiva una dolcezza struggente, simile alle estasi che provava nel convento quando pregava sognando il paradiso.","translation":"The little friar traveled with pleasure, greeting with childlike joy all the people he met: sometimes he would plunge into the tall warm grass, while the horse grazed, and he felt a poignant sweetness, similar to the ecstasies he felt in the convent when he prayed, dreaming of paradise.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of fraticello","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"fraticello","lemma":"fraticello","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of viaggiava","gloss":"little friar"},{"surface":"viaggiava","lemma":"viaggiare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"traveled"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking piacere","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"piacere","lemma":"piacere","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of viaggiava","gloss":"pleasure"},{"surface":"salutando","lemma":"salutare","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on viaggiava","gloss":"greeting"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gioia","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"gioia","lemma":"gioia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of salutando","gloss":"joy"},{"surface":"infantile","lemma":"infantile","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies gioia","gloss":"childlike"},{"surface":"tutte","lemma":"tutto","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"modifies persone","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of persone","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"persone","lemma":"persona","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of salutando","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of incontrava","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"incontrava","lemma":"incontrare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on persone","gloss":"he met"},{"surface":"qualche","lemma":"qualche","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of volta","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"volta","lemma":"volta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"temporal complement of tuffava","gloss":"time","note":"\"qualche volta\" is idiomatic for \"sometimes\"."},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive pronoun of tuffava","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"tuffava","lemma":"tuffare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would plunge"},{"surface":"fra","lemma":"fra","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking erbe","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of erbe","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"alte","lemma":"alto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies erbe","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"erbe","lemma":"erba","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of tuffava","gloss":"grass"},{"surface":"tiepide","lemma":"tiepido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies erbe","gloss":"warm"},{"surface":"mentre","lemma":"mentre","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of pascolava","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cavallo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cavallo","lemma":"cavallo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of pascolava","gloss":"horse"},{"surface":"pascolava","lemma":"pascolare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with tuffava","gloss":"grazed"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sentiva","lemma":"sentire","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with pascolava","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of dolcezza","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"dolcezza","lemma":"dolcezza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of sentiva","gloss":"sweetness"},{"surface":"struggente","lemma":"struggente","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies dolcezza","gloss":"poignant"},{"surface":"simile","lemma":"simile","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies dolcezza","gloss":"similar"},{"surface":"alle","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking estasi","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"estasi","lemma":"estasi","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of simile","gloss":"ecstasies"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"direct object of provava","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"provava","lemma":"provare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on estasi","gloss":"he felt"},{"surface":"nel","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking convento","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"convento","lemma":"convento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of provava","gloss":"convent"},{"surface":"quando","lemma":"quando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of pregava","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"pregava","lemma":"pregare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on provava","gloss":"he prayed"},{"surface":"sognando","lemma":"sognare","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on pregava","gloss":"dreaming"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of paradiso","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"paradiso","lemma":"paradiso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of sognando","gloss":"paradise"}]},{"number":31,"label":"17","id":"padre-topes-p17-s1","source":"Basta, una notte arrivò tardi in un villaggio.","translation":"In short, one night he arrived late in a village.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Basta","lemma":"basta","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker introducing the sentence","gloss":"In short","note":"Used idiomatically here (\"enough said\"/\"in short\"), not the verb bastare in its literal sense."},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of notte","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"notte","lemma":"notte","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"temporal complement of arrivò","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"arrivò","lemma":"arrivare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"he arrived"},{"surface":"tardi","lemma":"tardi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies arrivò","gloss":"late"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking villaggio","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of villaggio","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"villaggio","lemma":"villaggio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of arrivò","gloss":"village"}]},{"number":32,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p17-s2","source":"La notte era chiara, tiepida, dolce e fragrante come una notte di giugno.","translation":"The night was clear, mild, sweet, and fragrant like a night in June.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of notte","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"notte","lemma":"notte","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of chiara","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to chiara","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"chiara","lemma":"chiaro","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"clear"},{"surface":"tiepida","lemma":"tiepido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with chiara","gloss":"mild"},{"surface":"dolce","lemma":"dolce","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"coordinated with chiara","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fragrante","lemma":"fragrante","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"coordinated with chiara","gloss":"fragrant"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking notte","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of notte","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"notte","lemma":"notte","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of fragrante","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking giugno","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"giugno","lemma":"giugno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies notte","gloss":"June"}]},{"number":33,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p17-s3","source":"Frate Topes avrebbe voluto dormire all’aperto, ma aveva le bisaccie già colme e temeva lo derubassero.","translation":"Frate Topes would have liked to sleep in the open, but his saddlebags were already full and he feared he might be robbed.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"bisaccie","title":"«bisacce»","body":"The saddlebags or panniers a mendicant friar carries slung over his shoulder or his horse — here already swollen with the cheese, oil, and offerings collected on «la cerca»."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"temeva lo derubassero","title":"«temere» + congiuntivo, «che» dropped","body":"«Temeva lo derubassero» is a compressed «temeva che lo derubassero» ('he feared they would rob him') — «temere» pulls its object clause into the congiuntivo imperfetto, and older/literary Italian often drops the connecting «che»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Frate","lemma":"frate","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of avrebbe voluto","gloss":"Friar"},{"surface":"Topes","lemma":"Topes","morphology":"proper noun","role":"depends on Frate","gloss":"Topes"},{"surface":"avrebbe","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of dormire","gloss":"would have"},{"surface":"voluto","lemma":"volere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"auxiliary of dormire","gloss":"liked"},{"surface":"dormire","lemma":"dormire","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to sleep"},{"surface":"all’","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking aperto","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"aperto","lemma":"aperto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of dormire","gloss":"the open"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"aveva","lemma":"avere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with avrebbe voluto","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of bisaccie","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"bisaccie","lemma":"bisaccia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of aveva","gloss":"saddlebags","note":"Older spelling of \"bisacce\"."},{"surface":"già","lemma":"già","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies colme","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"colme","lemma":"colmo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies bisaccie","gloss":"full"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"temeva","lemma":"temere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with aveva","gloss":"he feared"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, clitic, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of derubassero","gloss":"him","note":"Clitic pronoun \"him,\" not the article \"il.\""},{"surface":"derubassero","lemma":"derubare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, plural","role":"clausal complement of temeva","gloss":"might rob","note":"Subjunctive after an elided \"che,\" expressing what he feared."}]},{"number":34,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p17-s4","source":"I tempi erano tristi; nel mondo c’era molta gente buona, ma anche molta gente cattiva.","translation":"The times were troubled; in the world there were many good people, but also many wicked ones.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"I","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of tempi","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"tempi","lemma":"tempo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of tristi","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"erano","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to tristi","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"tristi","lemma":"triste","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"troubled"},{"surface":"nel","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mondo","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"mondo","lemma":"mondo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of era","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"c’","lemma":"ci","morphology":"pronoun","role":"expletive with era","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"molta","lemma":"molto","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of gente","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"gente","lemma":"gente","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of era","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"buona","lemma":"buono","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies gente","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"anche","lemma":"anche","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gente","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"molta","lemma":"molto","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of gente","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"gente","lemma":"gente","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with gente","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"cattiva","lemma":"cattivo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies gente","gloss":"wicked"}]},{"number":35,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p17-s5","source":"Eppoi egli si sentiva stanco, assonnato, bisognoso di riposo e di sicurezza.","translation":"And besides, he felt tired, sleepy, in need of rest and safety.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Eppoi","lemma":"eppoi","morphology":"adverb","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"And besides"},{"surface":"egli","lemma":"egli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of sentiva","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive pronoun of sentiva","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"sentiva","lemma":"sentire","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"stanco","lemma":"stanco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"complement of sentiva","gloss":"tired"},{"surface":"assonnato","lemma":"assonnato","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with stanco","gloss":"sleepy"},{"surface":"bisognoso","lemma":"bisognoso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with stanco","gloss":"in need"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking riposo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"riposo","lemma":"riposo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of bisognoso","gloss":"rest"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sicurezza","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"sicurezza","lemma":"sicurezza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with riposo","gloss":"safety"}]},{"number":36,"label":"18","id":"padre-topes-p18-s1","source":"Battè alla prima porticina che vide.","translation":"He knocked at the first little door he saw.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Battè","lemma":"battere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"He knocked"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking porticina","gloss":"at the"},{"surface":"prima","lemma":"primo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies porticina","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"porticina","lemma":"porticina","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Battè","gloss":"little door"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of vide","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"vide","lemma":"vedere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on porticina","gloss":"he saw"}]},{"number":37,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p18-s2","source":"Gli fu subito aperto da una donna alta e bella, bruna con gli occhi azzurri, che rassomigliava alla fanciulla incontrata vicino alla fontana.","translation":"It was opened to him at once by a woman, tall and beautiful, dark-haired with blue eyes, who resembled the girl he had met near the spring.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Gli","lemma":"gli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of aperto","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"fu","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"passive auxiliary of aperto","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"subito","lemma":"subito","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies aperto","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"aperto","lemma":"aprire","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"opened"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking donna","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of donna","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"donna","lemma":"donna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"agent of aperto","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"alta","lemma":"alto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies donna","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"bella","lemma":"bello","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with alta","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"bruna","lemma":"bruno","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with alta","gloss":"dark-haired"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking occhi","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of occhi","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"occhi","lemma":"occhio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies bruna","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"azzurri","lemma":"azzurro","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies occhi","gloss":"blue"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of rassomigliava","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"rassomigliava","lemma":"rassomigliare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on donna","gloss":"resembled"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fanciulla","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fanciulla","lemma":"fanciulla","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of rassomigliava","gloss":"girl"},{"surface":"incontrata","lemma":"incontrare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, feminine, singular","role":"clause modifying fanciulla","gloss":"met"},{"surface":"vicino","lemma":"vicino","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fontana","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"a il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of fontana","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fontana","lemma":"fontana","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of incontrata","gloss":"spring"}]},{"number":38,"label":"19","id":"padre-topes-p19-s1","source":"— Che volete? — chiese ella bruscamente, guardandolo meravigliata.","translation":"\"What do you want?\" she asked brusquely, looking at him in astonishment.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of volete","gloss":"What"},{"surface":"volete","lemma":"volere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, plural","role":"main verb of the quoted question","gloss":"do you want"},{"surface":"chiese","lemma":"chiedere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"she asked"},{"surface":"ella","lemma":"ella","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of chiese","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"bruscamente","lemma":"bruscamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies chiese","gloss":"brusquely"},{"surface":"guardandolo","lemma":"guardare","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on chiese","gloss":"looking at him","note":"Gerund \"guardando\" with the attached clitic \"lo\" (\"him\")."},{"surface":"meravigliata","lemma":"meravigliato","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"complement of guardandolo","gloss":"astonished"}]},{"number":39,"label":"20","id":"padre-topes-p20-s1","source":"— Così e così, — egli disse ciò che desiderava.","translation":"\"Such and such,\" he said what he wanted.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Così e così","title":"«così e così»","body":"Literally 'so and so' — a stand-in phrase the narrator uses instead of quoting the friar's actual request, glossing over the tedious detail of asking for lodging."}],"words":[{"surface":"Così","lemma":"così","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies disse","gloss":"Such"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"così","lemma":"così","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with Così","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"egli","lemma":"egli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of disse","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"disse","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"ciò","lemma":"ciò","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of disse","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"direct object of desiderava","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"desiderava","lemma":"desiderare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on ciò","gloss":"he wanted"}]},{"number":40,"label":"21","id":"padre-topes-p21-s1","source":"La giovine donna esitò un momento, corrugando le foltissime sopracciglie nere; poi introdusse il frate ed il suo cavallo carico in un cortiletto attiguo alla casa.","translation":"The young woman hesitated a moment, knitting her very thick black eyebrows; then she brought the friar and his laden horse into a little courtyard adjoining the house.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of donna","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"giovine","lemma":"giovane","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies donna","gloss":"young","note":"Older spelling of \"giovane.\""},{"surface":"donna","lemma":"donna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of esitò","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"esitò","lemma":"esitare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"hesitated"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of momento","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"momento","lemma":"momento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of esitò","gloss":"moment"},{"surface":"corrugando","lemma":"corrugare","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"coordinated with esitò","gloss":"knitting"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of sopracciglie","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"foltissime","lemma":"folto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies sopracciglie","gloss":"very thick"},{"surface":"sopracciglie","lemma":"sopracciglio","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of corrugando","gloss":"eyebrows"},{"surface":"nere","lemma":"nero","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies sopracciglie","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"poi","lemma":"poi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies introdusse","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"introdusse","lemma":"introdurre","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"she brought"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of frate","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"frate","lemma":"frate","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of introdusse","gloss":"friar"},{"surface":"ed","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cavallo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"suo","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on cavallo","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"cavallo","lemma":"cavallo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with frate","gloss":"horse"},{"surface":"carico","lemma":"carico","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cavallo","gloss":"laden"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cortiletto","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cortiletto","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"cortiletto","lemma":"cortiletto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of introdusse","gloss":"little courtyard"},{"surface":"attiguo","lemma":"attiguo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cortiletto","gloss":"adjoining"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking casa","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"casa","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of attiguo","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":41,"label":"22","id":"padre-topes-p22-s1","source":"— Io sono una donna sola, — disse, aiutando a scaricare le bisaccie, e ridendo un po’ beffarda, — ma spero che la gente non mormorerà, se vi faccio dormire qui.","translation":"\"I am a woman alone,\" she said, helping to unload the saddlebags, and laughing a little mockingly, \"but I hope people won't gossip if I let you sleep here.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Io","lemma":"io","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of sono","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"sono","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to donna","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of donna","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"donna","lemma":"donna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"sola","lemma":"solo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies donna","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"disse","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"she said"},{"surface":"aiutando","lemma":"aiutare","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on disse","gloss":"helping"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of scaricare","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"scaricare","lemma":"scaricare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of aiutando","gloss":"unload"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of bisaccie","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"bisaccie","lemma":"bisaccia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of scaricare","gloss":"saddlebags","note":"Older spelling of \"bisacce.\""},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ridendo","lemma":"ridere","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"coordinated with aiutando","gloss":"laughing"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of po’","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"po’","lemma":"poco","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies beffarda","gloss":"little","note":"Elided form of \"poco\": \"un po'\" = \"a little.\""},{"surface":"beffarda","lemma":"beffardo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"complement of ridendo","gloss":"mockingly"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"spero","lemma":"sperare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I hope"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of mormorerà","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of gente","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"gente","lemma":"gente","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of mormorerà","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mormorerà","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"mormorerà","lemma":"mormorare","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of spero","gloss":"will gossip"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of faccio","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"direct object of faccio","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"faccio","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on mormorerà","gloss":"I let"},{"surface":"dormire","lemma":"dormire","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of faccio","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dormire","gloss":"here"}]},{"number":42,"label":"23","id":"padre-topes-p23-s1","source":"— No, di certo! — rispose frate Topes sorridendo.","translation":"\"No, certainly not!\" replied Frate Topes, smiling.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"interjection","role":"part of the phrase —","gloss":"No"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking certo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"certo","lemma":"certo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies No","gloss":"certainly"},{"surface":"rispose","lemma":"rispondere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"replied"},{"surface":"frate","lemma":"frate","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of rispose","gloss":"Friar"},{"surface":"Topes","lemma":"Topes","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies frate","gloss":"Topes"},{"surface":"sorridendo","lemma":"sorridere","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"parallel clause to rispose","gloss":"smiling"}]},{"number":43,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p23-s2","source":"— Ad ogni modo me ne andrò prima dell’alba.","translation":"\"In any case I'll be gone before dawn.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"me ne andrò","title":"«andarsene»: pronominal verb","body":"«Andarsene» ('to go away, be off') bolts the reflexive «si» and the particle «ne» onto «andare»; conjugated, it scatters into «me ne andrò» ('I'll be off'). Learn it as a fixed unit — it doesn't mean the same as plain «andare»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ad","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking modo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ogni","lemma":"ogni","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of modo","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"modo","lemma":"modo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of andrò","gloss":"case","note":"\"ad ogni modo\" is the fixed idiom \"in any case\"."},{"surface":"me","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive, singular","role":"reflexive clitic of andarsene (andrò)","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"pronoun, clitic","role":"particle of andarsene (andrò)","gloss":"away","note":"andarsene \"to go away/leave\" is split across me...ne...andrò."},{"surface":"andrò","lemma":"andare","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I'll go"},{"surface":"prima","lemma":"prima","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition marking alba","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"dell’","lemma":"di il","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of alba","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"alba","lemma":"alba","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of andrò","gloss":"dawn"}]},{"number":44,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p23-s3","source":"Dormirò magari qui nel cortile.","translation":"\"I could even sleep here in the courtyard.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dormirò","lemma":"dormire","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I could sleep"},{"surface":"magari","lemma":"magari","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Dormirò","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Dormirò","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"nel","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cortile","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"cortile","lemma":"cortile","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Dormirò","gloss":"courtyard"}]},{"number":45,"label":"24","id":"padre-topes-p24-s1","source":"— Dio ce ne scampi; no!","translation":"\"God forbid; no!\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Dio ce ne scampi","title":"«Dio ce ne scampi»","body":"A fixed exclamation, 'God preserve/save us from that' — used here as an emphatic 'certainly not', refusing the idea of a guest sleeping in the courtyard like a stranger."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dio","lemma":"dio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of scampi","gloss":"God"},{"surface":"ce","lemma":"ci","morphology":"pronoun, clitic, plural","role":"indirect object of scampi","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"pronoun, clitic","role":"oblique complement of scampi","gloss":"from it"},{"surface":"scampi","lemma":"scampare","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"spare","note":"\"Dio ce ne scampi\" is the fixed optative idiom \"God forbid\", literally \"may God spare us from it\"."},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"interjection","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"no"}]},{"number":46,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p24-s2","source":"Per il servo di Dio è sempre riserbato il miglior posto della casa.","translation":"\"For a servant of God the best place in the house is always kept.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking servo","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of servo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"servo","lemma":"servo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of riserbato","gloss":"servant"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Dio","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Dio","lemma":"dio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies servo","gloss":"God"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"passive auxiliary of riserbato","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"sempre","lemma":"sempre","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies riserbato","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"riserbato","lemma":"riservare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"kept","note":"\"riserbato\" is an older spelling of \"riservato\" (riservare)."},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of posto","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"miglior","lemma":"migliore","morphology":"adjective, singular, comparative","role":"modifies posto","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"posto","lemma":"posto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of riserbato","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"della","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking casa","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"casa","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies posto","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":47,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p24-s3","source":"Ma come pesano queste bisaccie!","translation":"\"But how heavy these saddlebags are!\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pesano","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"pesano","lemma":"pesare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"weigh"},{"surface":"queste","lemma":"questo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of bisaccie","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"bisaccie","lemma":"bisaccia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of pesano","gloss":"saddlebags","note":"\"bisaccie\" is an older spelling of the plural \"bisacce\"."}]},{"number":48,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p24-s4","source":"Avete fatto buona cerca?","translation":"\"Did you have a good collection?\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Avete","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of fatto","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"fatto","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"buona","lemma":"buono","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies cerca","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"cerca","lemma":"cerca","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of fatto","gloss":"collection","note":"\"cerca\" here is the friar's begging round for alms."}]},{"number":49,"label":"25","id":"padre-topes-p25-s1","source":"— Sì; in tutti gli ovili mi han dato il cacio nuovo, che il Signore benedica le greggie.","translation":"\"Yes; in every sheepfold they gave me the new cheese — may the Lord bless the flocks.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ovili","title":"«ovile»","body":"An «ovile» is a sheepfold — the enclosed pen where a Sardinian shepherd keeps his flock, a basic unit of the pastoral economy the friar's begging round depends on."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sì","lemma":"sì","morphology":"interjection","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ovili","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"tutti","lemma":"tutto","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"depends on ovili","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of ovili","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ovili","lemma":"ovile","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of dato","gloss":"sheepfolds"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"indirect object of dato","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of dato","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"dato","lemma":"dare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"given"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cacio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cacio","lemma":"cacio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of dato","gloss":"cheese"},{"surface":"nuovo","lemma":"nuovo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cacio","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the optative clause of benedica","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Signore","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Signore","lemma":"Signore","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of benedica","gloss":"Lord"},{"surface":"benedica","lemma":"benedire","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the optative clause introduced by che","gloss":"bless"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of greggie","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"greggie","lemma":"greggia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of benedica","gloss":"flocks"}]},{"number":50,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p25-s2","source":"Ed anche l’olio mi hanno dato, le buone massaie, che sia benedetto il loro cuore!","translation":"\"And the good housewives gave me oil too — blessed be their hearts!\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"benedica / sia benedetto","title":"Congiuntivo of blessing","body":"«Che il Signore benedica» and «che sia benedetto» use the congiuntivo (subjunctive) in its optative sense — expressing a wish, 'may the Lord bless…', 'may their heart be blessed…' — not a statement of fact."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ed","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"anche","lemma":"anche","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies olio","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of olio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"olio","lemma":"olio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of dato","gloss":"oil"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"indirect object of dato","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"hanno","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of dato","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"dato","lemma":"dare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"given"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of massaie","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"buone","lemma":"buono","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies massaie","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"massaie","lemma":"massaia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of dato","gloss":"housewives"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the optative clause of benedetto","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"sia","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"passive auxiliary of benedetto","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"benedetto","lemma":"benedire","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"verb of the optative clause introduced by che","gloss":"blessed"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cuore","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"loro","lemma":"loro","morphology":"determiner","role":"depends on cuore","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"cuore","lemma":"cuore","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of passive benedetto","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":51,"label":"26","id":"padre-topes-p26-s1","source":"— Amen! — disse la donna ridendo.","translation":"\"Amen!\" said the woman, laughing.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Amen","lemma":"amen","morphology":"interjection","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Amen"},{"surface":"disse","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of donna","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"donna","lemma":"donna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of disse","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"ridendo","lemma":"ridere","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"complement of disse","gloss":"laughing"}]},{"number":52,"label":"27","id":"padre-topes-p27-s1","source":"Aveva un contegno strano; e il suo sguardo lucente e il suo riso beffardo mettevano quasi paura.","translation":"She had a strange bearing; and her shining gaze and her mocking laugh were almost frightening.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aveva","lemma":"avere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of contegno","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"contegno","lemma":"contegno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of Aveva","gloss":"bearing"},{"surface":"strano","lemma":"strano","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies contegno","gloss":"strange"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sguardo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"suo","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on sguardo","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"sguardo","lemma":"sguardo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of mettevano","gloss":"gaze"},{"surface":"lucente","lemma":"lucente","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies sguardo","gloss":"shining"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of riso","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"suo","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on riso","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"riso","lemma":"riso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of mettevano","gloss":"laugh"},{"surface":"beffardo","lemma":"beffardo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies riso","gloss":"mocking"},{"surface":"mettevano","lemma":"mettere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"caused","note":"\"mettere paura\" is idiomatic for \"to frighten\", literally \"to put fear\"."},{"surface":"quasi","lemma":"quasi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies paura","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"paura","lemma":"paura","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of mettevano","gloss":"fear"}]},{"number":53,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p27-s2","source":"Sulle prime padre Topes la credette un po’ matta.","translation":"At first Padre Topes thought her a little mad.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sulle","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking prime","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"prime","lemma":"primo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of credette (idiom sulle prime)","gloss":"first","note":"\"sulle prime\" is the fixed idiom \"at first\"."},{"surface":"padre","lemma":"padre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of credette","gloss":"Padre"},{"surface":"Topes","lemma":"Topes","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies padre","gloss":"Topes"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"la","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of credette","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"credette","lemma":"credere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of po’","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"po’","lemma":"poco","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies matta","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"matta","lemma":"matto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"object complement of credette","gloss":"mad"}]},{"number":54,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p27-s3","source":"Ella fece entrare il frate in una bella camera azzurra e gli offrì dei dolci, vino e liquori.","translation":"She brought the friar into a lovely blue room and offered him sweets, wine, and liqueurs.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ella","lemma":"ella","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of fece","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"fece","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"entrare","lemma":"entrare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of fece","gloss":"enter"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of frate","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"frate","lemma":"frate","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of entrare","gloss":"friar"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking camera","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of camera","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bella","lemma":"bello","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies camera","gloss":"lovely"},{"surface":"camera","lemma":"camera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of entrare","gloss":"room"},{"surface":"azzurra","lemma":"azzurro","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies camera","gloss":"blue"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"gli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of offrì","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"offrì","lemma":"offrire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with fece","gloss":"offered"},{"surface":"dei","lemma":"di","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of dolci","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"dolci","lemma":"dolce","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of offrì","gloss":"sweets"},{"surface":"vino","lemma":"vino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with dolci","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"liquori","lemma":"liquore","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with dolci","gloss":"liqueurs"}]},{"number":55,"label":"28","id":"padre-topes-p28-s1","source":"— No, no.","translation":"\"No, no.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"interjection","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"no"}]},{"number":56,"label":"29","id":"padre-topes-p29-s1","source":"Egli respingeva tutto; ma ella insistè con tanta grazia, carezzevole e insinuante, che egli mangiò un dolce e poi bevette un bicchiere di vino, soave e forte come il profumo delle macchie aromatiche che circondavano il convento; poi ne bevette un altro, poi un calice di un liquore rosso e ardente come il cielo al tramonto veduto dalla finestra della sua cella; poi un altro ancora.","translation":"He refused everything; but she insisted with such grace, caressing and insinuating, that he ate a sweet and then drank a glass of wine, mellow and strong as the scent of the aromatic scrub that surrounded the convent; then he drank another, then a small glass of a liqueur, red and burning like the sky at sunset seen from the window of his cell; then still another.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Egli","lemma":"egli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of respingeva","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"respingeva","lemma":"respingere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"refused"},{"surface":"tutto","lemma":"tutto","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of respingeva","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ella","lemma":"ella","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of insistè","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"insistè","lemma":"insistere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"insisted"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking grazia","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"tanta","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of grazia","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"grazia","lemma":"grazia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of insistè","gloss":"grace"},{"surface":"carezzevole","lemma":"carezzevole","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies grazia","gloss":"caressing"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"insinuante","lemma":"insinuante","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"coordinated with carezzevole","gloss":"insinuating"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the result clause of insistè (tanta...che)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"egli","lemma":"egli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of mangiò","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"mangiò","lemma":"mangiare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the result clause introduced by che","gloss":"ate"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of dolce","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"dolce","lemma":"dolce","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of mangiò","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"poi","lemma":"poi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bevette","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"bevette","lemma":"bere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with mangiò","gloss":"drank"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of bicchiere","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bicchiere","lemma":"bicchiere","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of bevette","gloss":"glass"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vino","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"vino","lemma":"vino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies bicchiere","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"soave","lemma":"soave","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies vino","gloss":"mellow"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"forte","lemma":"forte","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"coordinated with soave","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking profumo","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of profumo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"profumo","lemma":"profumo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of soave","gloss":"scent"},{"surface":"delle","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking macchie","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"macchie","lemma":"macchia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies profumo","gloss":"scrub"},{"surface":"aromatiche","lemma":"aromatico","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies macchie","gloss":"aromatic"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of circondavano","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"circondavano","lemma":"circondare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"relative clause on macchie","gloss":"surrounded"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of convento","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"convento","lemma":"convento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of circondavano","gloss":"convent"},{"surface":"poi","lemma":"poi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bevette","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"pronoun","role":"partitive complement of bevette","gloss":"of it"},{"surface":"bevette","lemma":"bere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"drank"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of altro","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"altro","lemma":"altro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of bevette","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"poi","lemma":"poi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies calice","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of calice","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"calice","lemma":"calice","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with altro","gloss":"glass"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking liquore","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of liquore","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"liquore","lemma":"liquore","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies calice","gloss":"liqueur"},{"surface":"rosso","lemma":"rosso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies liquore","gloss":"red"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ardente","lemma":"ardente","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"coordinated with rosso","gloss":"burning"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cielo","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cielo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cielo","lemma":"cielo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"complement of come, modifying liquore","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tramonto","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"tramonto","lemma":"tramonto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cielo","gloss":"sunset"},{"surface":"veduto","lemma":"vedere","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cielo","gloss":"seen"},{"surface":"dalla","lemma":"da il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking finestra","gloss":"from the"},{"surface":"finestra","lemma":"finestra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"agent of veduto","gloss":"window"},{"surface":"della","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cella","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"sua","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"depends on cella","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"cella","lemma":"cella","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies finestra","gloss":"cell"},{"surface":"poi","lemma":"poi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies altro","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of altro","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"altro","lemma":"altro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"ancora","lemma":"ancora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies altro","gloss":"still"}]},{"number":57,"label":"30","id":"padre-topes-p30-s1","source":"— E ditemi, dunque, di qual convento siete?","translation":"\"And tell me, then, from which convent are you?\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"E","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ditemi","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, plural + clitic pronoun","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"tell me"},{"surface":"dunque","lemma":"dunque","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ditemi","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking convento","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"qual","lemma":"quale","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of convento","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"convento","lemma":"convento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of ditemi","gloss":"convent"},{"surface":"siete","lemma":"essere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, plural","role":"verb of the embedded clause (di qual convento siete)","gloss":"are"}]},{"number":58,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p30-s2","source":"Dove siete stato? — chiedeva la donna, ritta accanto a lui.","translation":"\"Where have you been?\" the woman asked, standing close beside him.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dove","lemma":"dove","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stato","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"siete","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of stato","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"stato","lemma":"essere","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"chiedeva","lemma":"chiedere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of donna","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"donna","lemma":"donna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of chiedeva","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"ritta","lemma":"ritto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to donna","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"accanto","lemma":"accanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition marking lui, modifying ritta","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase accanto","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"lui","lemma":"lui","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"object of accanto a, describing ritta","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":59,"label":"31","id":"padre-topes-p31-s1","source":"Ella era vestita con ricercatezza; aveva un corsetto che al riflesso del lume brillava di perline e di pagliette d’oro; aveva i neri capelli divisi sulla fronte e attortigliati intorno alle orecchie, lucenti d’olio odoroso; ed infine esalava un profumo di violetta che stordiva il frate.","translation":"She was dressed with studied elegance; she wore a bodice that, in the reflection of the lamp, glittered with beads and gold spangles; her black hair was parted over her forehead and coiled about her ears, shining with scented oil; and finally she gave off a scent of violet that made the friar's head spin.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ella","lemma":"ella","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of passive vestita","gloss":"She"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"passive auxiliary of vestita","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"vestita","lemma":"vestire","morphology":"verb, past, participle, feminine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"dressed"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ricercatezza","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ricercatezza","lemma":"ricercatezza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of vestita","gloss":"studied elegance"},{"surface":"aveva","lemma":"avere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wore"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of corsetto","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"corsetto","lemma":"corsetto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of aveva","gloss":"bodice"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of brillava","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking riflesso","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"riflesso","lemma":"riflesso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of brillava","gloss":"reflection"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lume","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"lume","lemma":"lume","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies riflesso","gloss":"lamp"},{"surface":"brillava","lemma":"brillare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on corsetto","gloss":"glittered"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking perline","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"perline","lemma":"perlina","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of brillava","gloss":"beads"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pagliette","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"pagliette","lemma":"paglietta","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with perline","gloss":"spangles"},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oro","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"oro","lemma":"oro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies pagliette","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"aveva","lemma":"avere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of capelli","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"neri","lemma":"nero","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies capelli","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"capelli","lemma":"capello","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of aveva","gloss":"hair"},{"surface":"divisi","lemma":"diviso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies capelli","gloss":"parted"},{"surface":"sulla","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fronte","gloss":"over the"},{"surface":"fronte","lemma":"fronte","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"oblique complement of divisi","gloss":"forehead"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"attortigliati","lemma":"attortigliare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with divisi","gloss":"coiled"},{"surface":"intorno","lemma":"intorno","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition marking orecchie","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"alle","lemma":"a il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of orecchie","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"orecchie","lemma":"orecchia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of attortigliati","gloss":"ears"},{"surface":"lucenti","lemma":"lucente","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"coordinated with orecchie","gloss":"shining"},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking olio","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"olio","lemma":"olio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies orecchie","gloss":"oil"},{"surface":"odoroso","lemma":"odoroso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies olio","gloss":"scented"},{"surface":"ed","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"infine","lemma":"infine","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies esalava","gloss":"finally"},{"surface":"esalava","lemma":"esalare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gave off"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of profumo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"profumo","lemma":"profumo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of esalava","gloss":"scent"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking violetta","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"violetta","lemma":"violetta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies profumo","gloss":"violet"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of stordiva","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"stordiva","lemma":"stordire","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on profumo","gloss":"stunned","note":"stordiva stordì il frate literally \"stunned/dazed the friar\"; the translation renders it as \"made his head spin\"."},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of frate","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"frate","lemma":"frate","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of stordiva","gloss":"friar"}]},{"number":60,"label":"32","id":"padre-topes-p32-s1","source":"Egli sentiva una dolcezza mai provata, una felicità infinita.","translation":"He felt a sweetness never before known, an infinite happiness.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Egli","lemma":"egli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of sentiva","gloss":"He"},{"surface":"sentiva","lemma":"sentire","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of dolcezza","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"dolcezza","lemma":"dolcezza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of sentiva","gloss":"sweetness"},{"surface":"mai","lemma":"mai","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies provata","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"provata","lemma":"provare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, feminine, singular","role":"clause modifying dolcezza","gloss":"known"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of felicità","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"felicità","lemma":"felicità","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with dolcezza","gloss":"happiness"},{"surface":"infinita","lemma":"infinito","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies felicità","gloss":"infinite"}]},{"number":61,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p32-s2","source":"Abbandonato sulla sedia, accanto al letto, gli pareva che tutti i suoi nervi si fossero spezzati, e il suo corpo non potesse muoversi più; e provava un piacere indicibile per quella snervatezza, per quello sfacelo di tutte le sue facoltà fisiche.","translation":"Slumped in the chair beside the bed, it seemed to him that all his nerves had snapped, and that his body could move no more; and he felt an unspeakable pleasure in that enervation, in that collapse of all his physical faculties.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"gli pareva che...si fossero spezzati","title":"«parere che» + congiuntivo trapassato","body":"«Gli pareva che... si fossero spezzati» ('it seemed to him that... had snapped') pairs the impersonal «parere che» with the congiuntivo trapassato — the subjunctive of an event felt as already complete before the moment being described."}],"words":[{"surface":"Abbandonato","lemma":"abbandonare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"participial clause modifying pareva","gloss":"Slumped"},{"surface":"sulla","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sedia","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"sedia","lemma":"sedia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Abbandonato","gloss":"chair"},{"surface":"accanto","lemma":"accanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition marking letto","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"a il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of letto","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"letto","lemma":"letto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Abbandonato","gloss":"bed"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of pareva","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"pareva","lemma":"parere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of spezzati","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"tutti","lemma":"tutto","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"depends on nervi","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of nervi","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"suoi","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"depends on nervi","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"nervi","lemma":"nervo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of spezzati","gloss":"nerves"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive-passive marker with spezzati","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"fossero","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, plural","role":"passive auxiliary of spezzati","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"spezzati","lemma":"spezzare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, plural","role":"clausal complement of pareva","gloss":"snapped"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of corpo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"suo","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on corpo","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"corpo","lemma":"corpo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of muoversi","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies muoversi","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"potesse","lemma":"potere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of muoversi","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"muoversi","lemma":"muovere si","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with spezzati","gloss":"move"},{"surface":"più","lemma":"più","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies muoversi","gloss":"any more"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"provava","lemma":"provare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of piacere","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"piacere","lemma":"piacere","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of provava","gloss":"pleasure"},{"surface":"indicibile","lemma":"indicibile","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies piacere","gloss":"unspeakable"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking snervatezza","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"quella","lemma":"quello","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of snervatezza","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"snervatezza","lemma":"snervatezza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies piacere","gloss":"enervation"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sfacelo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"quello","lemma":"quello","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sfacelo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"sfacelo","lemma":"sfacelo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with snervatezza","gloss":"collapse"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking facoltà","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"tutte","lemma":"tutto","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"depends on facoltà","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of facoltà","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sue","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"depends on facoltà","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"facoltà","lemma":"facoltà","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies sfacelo","gloss":"faculties"},{"surface":"fisiche","lemma":"fisico","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies facoltà","gloss":"physical"}]},{"number":62,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p32-s3","source":"Intanto raccontava i suoi casi alla donna attenta.","translation":"Meanwhile he was telling his story to the attentive woman.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Intanto","lemma":"intanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies raccontava","gloss":"Meanwhile"},{"surface":"raccontava","lemma":"raccontare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was telling"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of casi","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"suoi","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"depends on casi","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"casi","lemma":"caso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of raccontava","gloss":"affairs","note":"casi (\"cases/happenings\") is rendered collectively as \"his story\" in the translation."},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking donna","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"donna","lemma":"donna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of raccontava","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"attenta","lemma":"attento","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies donna","gloss":"attentive"}]},{"number":63,"label":"33","id":"padre-topes-p33-s1","source":"— Ah, — disse ella stupita.","translation":"\"Ah,\" she said, astonished.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ah","lemma":"ah","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"Ah"},{"surface":"disse","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"ella","lemma":"ella","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of disse","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"stupita","lemma":"stupire","morphology":"verb, past, participle, feminine, singular","role":"complement of disse","gloss":"astonished"}]},{"number":64,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p33-s2","source":"— Voi siete il figlio di quel bandito?","translation":"\"You are the son of that bandit?\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Voi","lemma":"voi","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of siete","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"siete","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, plural","role":"copula linking to figlio","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of figlio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"figlio","lemma":"figlio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bandito","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"quel","lemma":"quello","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of bandito","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"bandito","lemma":"bandito","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies figlio","gloss":"bandit"}]},{"number":65,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p33-s3","source":"E perchè vi siete fatto frate?","translation":"\"And why did you become a friar?\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"vi siete fatto","title":"«farsi» + noun = 'to become'","body":"«Farsi frate» ('to become a friar') uses the reflexive «farsi» plus a noun to express becoming something by one's own choice — here in the «voi» polite form, «vi siete fatto» ('you made yourself')."}],"words":[{"surface":"E","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"perchè","lemma":"perché","morphology":"adverb","role":"interrogative adverb introducing the direct question with fatto","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive, second-person, plural","role":"reflexive object of fatto","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"siete","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of fatto","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"fatto","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"frate","lemma":"frate","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"complement of fatto","gloss":"a friar"}]},{"number":66,"label":"34","id":"padre-topes-p34-s1","source":"— Per espiare i peccati di mio padre! — egli rispose.","translation":"\"To atone for my father's sins!\" he replied.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of espiare","gloss":"To"},{"surface":"espiare","lemma":"espiare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"atone for"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of peccati","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"peccati","lemma":"peccato","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of espiare","gloss":"sins"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking padre","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"mio","lemma":"mio","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on padre","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"padre","lemma":"padre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies peccati","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"egli","lemma":"egli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of rispose","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"rispose","lemma":"rispondere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"replied"}]},{"number":67,"label":"35","id":"padre-topes-p35-s1","source":"E subito sentì un grande dolore per questa confessione che non aveva mai fatto a nessuno; ma la donna lo stordì tosto con una sua risata beffarda.","translation":"And at once he felt a great sorrow for this confession he had never made to anyone; but the woman quickly dazed him with one of her mocking laughs.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"E","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"subito","lemma":"subito","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sentì","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"sentì","lemma":"sentire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of dolore","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"grande","lemma":"grande","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies dolore","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"dolore","lemma":"dolore","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of sentì","gloss":"sorrow"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking confessione","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"questa","lemma":"questo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of confessione","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"confessione","lemma":"confessione","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sentì","gloss":"confession"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of fatto","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fatto","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"aveva","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of fatto","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"mai","lemma":"mai","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fatto","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"fatto","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"relative clause on confessione","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nessuno","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"nessuno","lemma":"nessuno","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of fatto","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of donna","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"donna","lemma":"donna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of stordì","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of stordì","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"stordì","lemma":"stordire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"dazed"},{"surface":"tosto","lemma":"tosto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stordì","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking risata","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of risata","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sua","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"depends on risata","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"risata","lemma":"risata","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of stordì","gloss":"laugh"},{"surface":"beffarda","lemma":"beffardo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies risata","gloss":"mocking"}]},{"number":68,"label":"36","id":"padre-topes-p36-s1","source":"— Perchè ridi? — egli balbettò.","translation":"\"Why are you laughing?\" he stammered.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Perchè","lemma":"perché","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of ridi","gloss":"Why"},{"surface":"ridi","lemma":"ridere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"laugh"},{"surface":"egli","lemma":"egli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of balbettò","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"balbettò","lemma":"balbettare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stammered"}]},{"number":69,"label":"37","id":"padre-topes-p37-s1","source":"— Perchè sei uno stupido! — ella disse, chinandosi sopra di lui, e accarezzandolo.","translation":"\"Because you're a fool!\" she said, bending over him and caressing him.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Perchè","lemma":"perché","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of stupido","gloss":"Because"},{"surface":"sei","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"copula linking to stupido","gloss":"you are"},{"surface":"uno","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of stupido","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stupido","lemma":"stupido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"fool"},{"surface":"ella","lemma":"ella","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of disse","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"disse","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"chinandosi","lemma":"chinare si","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on disse","gloss":"bending"},{"surface":"sopra","lemma":"sopra","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition marking lui","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase sopra","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"lui","lemma":"lui","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of chinandosi","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"accarezzandolo","lemma":"accarezzare lo","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"coordinated with chinandosi","gloss":"caressing him"}]},{"number":70,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p37-s2","source":"— Sei un bambino innocente, tu; sei innocente o no?","translation":"\"You're an innocent child, you; are you innocent or not?\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"tu","title":"«voi» to «tu»: a register shift","body":"Both speakers have used the polite plural «voi» up to now. Her sudden «tu» here is not casual — it's a deliberate drop into intimacy, closing the distance between them right as the scene turns dangerous."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sei","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"copula linking to bambino","gloss":"You are"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of bambino","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bambino","lemma":"bambino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"innocente","lemma":"innocente","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies bambino","gloss":"innocent"},{"surface":"tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"coordinated with bambino","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"sei","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"copula linking to innocente","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"innocente","lemma":"innocente","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"innocent"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with innocente","gloss":"not"}]},{"number":71,"label":"38","id":"padre-topes-p38-s1","source":"— Sì, — egli disse, pallido e tremante, respingendola debolmente.","translation":"\"Yes,\" he said, pale and trembling, pushing her away feebly.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sì","lemma":"sì","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"Yes"},{"surface":"egli","lemma":"egli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of disse","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"disse","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"pallido","lemma":"pallido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"complement of disse","gloss":"pale"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tremante","lemma":"tremante","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"coordinated with pallido","gloss":"trembling"},{"surface":"respingendola","lemma":"respingere la","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"gerund clause modifying disse","gloss":"pushing her away"},{"surface":"debolmente","lemma":"debolmente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies respingendola","gloss":"feebly"}]},{"number":72,"label":"39","id":"padre-topes-p39-s1","source":"In quel momento s’udì battere alla porta, ma la donna finse di non sentire; e tornò a curvarsi, prese le braccia del frate, se le cinse al collo e baciò sulle labbra la povera creatura smarrita.","translation":"At that moment a knock was heard at the door, but the woman pretended not to hear; and she bent down again, took the friar's arms, wound them around her own neck, and kissed the poor bewildered creature on the lips.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"s’udì battere","title":"«si» impersonale + infinitive","body":"«S'udì battere alla porta» ('a knocking was heard at the door') uses «si» plus the verb «udire» plus an infinitive — the impersonal-passive pattern again, keeping the door-knocker anonymous and letting the sound itself take the sentence."}],"words":[{"surface":"In","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking momento","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"quel","lemma":"quello","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of momento","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"momento","lemma":"momento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"temporal adverbial modifying udì","gloss":"moment"},{"surface":"s’","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, impersonal/passive","role":"passive marker with udì","gloss":"was","note":"Impersonal/passive 'si'; 's’udì' literally 'one heard' = 'was heard.'"},{"surface":"udì","lemma":"udire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"battere","lemma":"battere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of udì","gloss":"knocking"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking porta","gloss":"at the"},{"surface":"porta","lemma":"porta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of battere","gloss":"door"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of donna","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"donna","lemma":"donna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of finse","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"finse","lemma":"fingere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with udì","gloss":"pretended"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of sentire","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sentire","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"sentire","lemma":"sentire","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of finse","gloss":"hear"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tornò","lemma":"tornare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with finse","gloss":"went back"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of curvarsi","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"curvarsi","lemma":"curvare si","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of tornò","gloss":"bend down"},{"surface":"prese","lemma":"prendere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with tornò","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of braccia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"braccia","lemma":"braccio","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of prese","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking frate","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"frate","lemma":"frate","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies braccia","gloss":"friar"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive indirect object of cinse","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of cinse","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"cinse","lemma":"cingere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with prese","gloss":"wound"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking collo","gloss":"around the"},{"surface":"collo","lemma":"collo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of cinse","gloss":"neck"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"baciò","lemma":"baciare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with cinse","gloss":"kissed"},{"surface":"sulle","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking labbra","gloss":"on the"},{"surface":"labbra","lemma":"labbro","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of baciò","gloss":"lips"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of creatura","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"povera","lemma":"povero","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies creatura","gloss":"poor"},{"surface":"creatura","lemma":"creatura","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of baciò","gloss":"creature"},{"surface":"smarrita","lemma":"smarrito","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies creatura","gloss":"bewildered"}]},{"number":73,"label":"40","id":"padre-topes-p40-s1","source":"Egli chiuse gli occhi e due lagrime gli rigarono le guancie tremanti.","translation":"He closed his eyes, and two tears streaked down his trembling cheeks.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Egli","lemma":"egli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of chiuse","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"chiuse","lemma":"chiudere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"closed"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of occhi","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"occhi","lemma":"occhio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of chiuse","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"due","lemma":"due","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies lagrime","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"lagrime","lemma":"lacrima","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of rigarono","gloss":"tears","note":"'Lagrime' is an older spelling of the modern 'lacrime.'"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"gli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of rigarono","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"rigarono","lemma":"rigare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with chiuse","gloss":"streaked"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of guancie","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"guancie","lemma":"guancia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of rigarono","gloss":"cheeks","note":"'Guancie' is an older spelling of the modern 'guance.'"},{"surface":"tremanti","lemma":"tremante","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies guancie","gloss":"trembling"}]},{"number":74,"label":"41","id":"padre-topes-p41-s1","source":"— Baciami, — diss’ella, con una specie di delirio.","translation":"\"Kiss me,\" she said, with a kind of delirium.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Baciami","lemma":"baciare","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular (+ enclitic 'mi')","role":"quoted clause, parallel to diss’","gloss":"Kiss me"},{"surface":"diss’","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"ella","lemma":"ella","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of diss’","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking specie","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of specie","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"specie","lemma":"specie","morphology":"noun, feminine","role":"oblique complement of diss’","gloss":"kind"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking delirio","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"delirio","lemma":"delirio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies specie","gloss":"delirium"}]},{"number":75,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p41-s2","source":"— Suvvia, non piangere, non aver paura.","translation":"\"Come now, don't cry, don't be afraid.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Suvvia","title":"«Suvvia»","body":"An old-fashioned exclamation of encouragement or mild reproach, roughly 'come now!' or 'come, come' — used to coax or hurry someone along."}],"words":[{"surface":"Suvvia","lemma":"suvvia","morphology":"interjection","role":"interjection opening the quoted speech","gloss":"come now"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies piangere","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"piangere","lemma":"piangere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"cry"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies aver","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"aver","lemma":"avere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with piangere","gloss":"have","note":"'Avere paura' idiomatically means 'to be afraid.'"},{"surface":"paura","lemma":"paura","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of aver","gloss":"fear"}]},{"number":76,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p41-s3","source":"Il peccato non esiste.","translation":"\"Sin doesn't exist.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of peccato","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"peccato","lemma":"peccato","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of esiste","gloss":"sin"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies esiste","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"esiste","lemma":"esistere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"exists"}]},{"number":77,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p41-s4","source":"Cosa è il peccato?","translation":"\"What is sin?\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Cosa","lemma":"cosa","morphology":"pronoun, interrogative, singular","role":"predicate complement of è","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking peccato to Cosa","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of peccato","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"peccato","lemma":"peccato","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of è","gloss":"sin"}]},{"number":78,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p41-s5","source":"Baciami.","translation":"\"Kiss me.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Baciami","lemma":"baciare","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular (+ enclitic 'mi')","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Kiss me"}]},{"number":79,"label":"42","id":"padre-topes-p42-s1","source":"Egli la baciò.","translation":"He kissed her.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Egli","lemma":"egli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of baciò","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"la","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of baciò","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"baciò","lemma":"baciare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"kissed"}]},{"number":80,"label":"43","id":"padre-topes-p43-s1","source":"E rimase due notti e due giorni nella casa fatale.","translation":"And he stayed two nights and two days in that fateful house.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"E","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"rimase","lemma":"rimanere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stayed"},{"surface":"due","lemma":"due","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies notti","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"notti","lemma":"notte","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"complement of duration on rimase","gloss":"nights"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"due","lemma":"due","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies giorni","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"giorni","lemma":"giorno","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"complement of duration on rimase","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"nella","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking casa","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"casa","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of rimase","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"fatale","lemma":"fatale","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies casa","gloss":"fateful"}]},{"number":81,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p43-s2","source":"Spesso udiva battere alla porta, e tremava tutto, ma la donna rideva e lo rassicurava.","translation":"Often he heard knocking at the door, and he trembled all over, but the woman laughed and reassured him.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Spesso","lemma":"spesso","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies udiva","gloss":"often"},{"surface":"udiva","lemma":"udire","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"battere","lemma":"battere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of udiva","gloss":"knocking"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking porta","gloss":"at the"},{"surface":"porta","lemma":"porta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of battere","gloss":"door"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tremava","lemma":"tremare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with udiva","gloss":"trembled"},{"surface":"tutto","lemma":"tutto","morphology":"adverb, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial modifier of tremava","gloss":"all over","note":"'Tremava tutto' idiomatically means 'trembled all over.'"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of donna","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"donna","lemma":"donna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of rideva","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"rideva","lemma":"ridere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with tremava","gloss":"laughed"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of rassicurava","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"rassicurava","lemma":"rassicurare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with rideva","gloss":"reassured"}]},{"number":82,"label":"44","id":"padre-topes-p44-s1","source":"— Quando non apro, vedono bene che c’è gente e vanno via! — gli diceva sfacciatamente.","translation":"\"When I don't open, they can see plainly enough that there's someone here, and they go away!\" she told him brazenly.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quando","lemma":"quando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of apro","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies apro","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"apro","lemma":"aprire","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on vedono","gloss":"open"},{"surface":"vedono","lemma":"vedere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"bene","lemma":"bene","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vedono","gloss":"clearly"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of è","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"c’","lemma":"ci","morphology":"pronoun, existential","role":"existential marker with è","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of vedono","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"gente","lemma":"gente","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of è","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vanno","lemma":"andare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with vedono","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"via","lemma":"via","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vanno","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"gli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of diceva","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"diceva","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"told"},{"surface":"sfacciatamente","lemma":"sfacciatamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies diceva","gloss":"brazenly"}]},{"number":83,"label":"45","id":"padre-topes-p45-s1","source":"La terza notte lo mandò via.","translation":"On the third night she sent him away.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of notte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"terza","lemma":"terzo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies notte","gloss":"third"},{"surface":"notte","lemma":"notte","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"temporal adverbial modifying mandò","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of mandò","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"mandò","lemma":"mandare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sent"},{"surface":"via","lemma":"via","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mandò","gloss":"away"}]},{"number":84,"label":"46","id":"padre-topes-p46-s1","source":"— Va, — gli disse, — ritornerai un’altra volta.","translation":"\"Go,\" she told him, \"you'll come back another time.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Va","lemma":"andare","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"quoted clause, parallel to disse","gloss":"Go"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"gli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of disse","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"disse","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"told"},{"surface":"ritornerai","lemma":"ritornare","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"quoted clause, parallel to disse","gloss":"will return"},{"surface":"un’","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of volta","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"altra","lemma":"altro","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies volta","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"volta","lemma":"volta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"complement of ritornerai","gloss":"time"}]},{"number":85,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p46-s2","source":"Ora va.","translation":"\"Now go.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ora","lemma":"ora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies va","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"va","lemma":"andare","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"go"}]},{"number":86,"label":"47","id":"padre-topes-p47-s1","source":"Egli le lasciò tutto ciò che aveva nelle bisaccie.","translation":"He left with her everything he had in his saddlebags.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Egli","lemma":"egli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of lasciò","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"indirect object of lasciò","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"lasciò","lemma":"lasciare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"tutto","lemma":"tutto","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of ciò","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ciò","lemma":"ciò","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of lasciò","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"direct object of aveva","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"aveva","lemma":"avere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on ciò","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"nelle","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bisaccie","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"bisaccie","lemma":"bisaccia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of aveva","gloss":"saddlebags","note":"'Bisaccie' is an older spelling of the modern 'bisacce.'"}]},{"number":87,"label":"48","id":"padre-topes-p48-s1","source":"A dire il vero ella sulle prime rifiutò; ma poi si lasciò facilmente convincere ed accettò ogni cosa.","translation":"To tell the truth, at first she refused; but then she let herself be easily persuaded and accepted everything.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"A","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of dire","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"dire","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"idiomatic adverbial phrase modifying rifiutò","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vero","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vero","lemma":"vero","morphology":"adjective (used as noun), masculine, singular","role":"direct object of dire","gloss":"truth"},{"surface":"ella","lemma":"ella","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of rifiutò","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"sulle","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking prime","gloss":"at the"},{"surface":"prime","lemma":"primo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of rifiutò","gloss":"first","note":"'Sulle prime' is an idiom meaning 'at first.'"},{"surface":"rifiutò","lemma":"rifiutare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"refused"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"poi","lemma":"poi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lasciò","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive direct object of lasciò","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"lasciò","lemma":"lasciare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"facilmente","lemma":"facilmente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lasciò","gloss":"easily"},{"surface":"convincere","lemma":"convincere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of lasciò","gloss":"persuaded"},{"surface":"ed","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"accettò","lemma":"accettare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with lasciò","gloss":"accepted"},{"surface":"ogni","lemma":"ogni","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of cosa","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"cosa","lemma":"cosa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of accettò","gloss":"thing"}]},{"number":88,"label":"49","id":"padre-topes-p49-s1","source":"*","translation":"*","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[]},{"number":89,"label":"50","id":"padre-topes-p50-s1","source":"Frate Topes arrivò al convento la sera dopo.","translation":"Frate Topes arrived at the convent the following evening.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Frate","lemma":"frate","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular (title)","role":"title, part of subject Frate Topes","gloss":"Frate"},{"surface":"Topes","lemma":"Topes","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of arrivò, depends on Frate","gloss":"Topes"},{"surface":"arrivò","lemma":"arrivare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"arrived"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking convento","gloss":"at the"},{"surface":"convento","lemma":"convento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of arrivò","gloss":"convent"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sera","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sera","lemma":"sera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of arrivò","gloss":"evening"},{"surface":"dopo","lemma":"dopo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sera","gloss":"after"}]},{"number":90,"label":"51","id":"padre-topes-p51-s1","source":"Quando fra Chirchu lo vide si fece il segno della croce.","translation":"When Fra Chirchu saw him, he made the sign of the cross.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quando","lemma":"quando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vide","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"fra","lemma":"fra","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular (title)","role":"title, modifies Chirchu","gloss":"Fra"},{"surface":"Chirchu","lemma":"Chirchu","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of vide","gloss":"Chirchu"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of vide","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"vide","lemma":"vedere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on fece","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive indirect object of fece","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"fece","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of segno","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"segno","lemma":"segno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of fece","gloss":"sign"},{"surface":"della","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking croce","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"croce","lemma":"croce","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies segno","gloss":"cross"}]},{"number":91,"label":"52","id":"padre-topes-p52-s1","source":"— In nome del Padre, del Figliuolo e dello Spirito Santo, che è avvenuto, padre Zuanne?","translation":"\"In the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, what has happened, Padre Zuanne?\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"In","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nome","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"nome","lemma":"nome","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"name"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Padre","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Padre","lemma":"Padre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies nome","gloss":"Father"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Figliuolo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Figliuolo","lemma":"figliuolo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with Padre","gloss":"Son","note":"'Figliuolo' is an older/literary word for 'figlio' (son)."},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dello","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Spirito","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Spirito","lemma":"spirito","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with Padre","gloss":"Spirit"},{"surface":"Santo","lemma":"santo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Spirito","gloss":"Holy"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun, interrogative","role":"subject of avvenuto","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"è","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of avvenuto","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"avvenuto","lemma":"avvenire","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"predicate, main verb of the quoted clause","gloss":"happened"},{"surface":"padre","lemma":"padre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular (title)","role":"vocative title before Zuanne","gloss":"Padre"},{"surface":"Zuanne","lemma":"Zuanne","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies padre","gloss":"Zuanne"}]},{"number":92,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p52-s2","source":"Voi sembrate un vecchio di cento anni; pare siate entrato ed uscito dall’inferno.","translation":"\"You look like an old man of a hundred years; it seems you have gone into hell and come back out.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"pare siate entrato","title":"«pare» + congiuntivo, «che» dropped","body":"«Pare siate entrato» is a compressed «pare che siate entrato» ('it seems that you have gone in') — the impersonal «pare» pulls the following verb into the congiuntivo, again with the connecting «che» simply omitted, as often in older written Italian."}],"words":[{"surface":"Voi","lemma":"voi","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of sembrate","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"sembrate","lemma":"sembrare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vecchio","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"vecchio","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"complement of sembrate","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking anni","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cento","lemma":"cento","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies anni","gloss":"a hundred"},{"surface":"anni","lemma":"anno","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies vecchio","gloss":"years"},{"surface":"pare","lemma":"parere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seems"},{"surface":"siate","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, subjunctive, second-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of entrato","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"entrato","lemma":"entrare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of pare","gloss":"entered"},{"surface":"ed","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"uscito","lemma":"uscire","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with entrato","gloss":"come out"},{"surface":"dall’","lemma":"da il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking inferno","gloss":"from the"},{"surface":"inferno","lemma":"inferno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of uscito","gloss":"hell"}]},{"number":93,"label":"53","id":"padre-topes-p53-s1","source":"— Ebbene, — disse il meschino, con voce spenta.","translation":"\"Well,\" said the poor wretch, in a lifeless voice.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ebbene","lemma":"ebbene","morphology":"interjection","role":"interjection opening the quoted speech","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"disse","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of meschino","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"meschino","lemma":"meschino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of disse","gloss":"poor wretch"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking voce","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"voce","lemma":"voce","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of disse","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"spenta","lemma":"spento","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies voce","gloss":"lifeless"}]},{"number":94,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p53-s2","source":"— Mi hanno assalito i ladri; mi hanno derubato e bastonato!","translation":"\"Thieves attacked me; they robbed me and beat me!\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, first-person, singular","role":"direct object of assalito","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"hanno","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of assalito","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"assalito","lemma":"assalire","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"attacked"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of ladri","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ladri","lemma":"ladro","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of assalito","gloss":"thieves"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, first-person, singular","role":"direct object of derubato","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"hanno","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of derubato","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"derubato","lemma":"derubare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"robbed"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"bastonato","lemma":"bastonare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with derubato","gloss":"beaten"}]},{"number":95,"label":"54","id":"padre-topes-p54-s1","source":"Padre Chircu, mezzo ubbriaco, cadde in ginocchio e cominciò ad urlare contro la malvagità del mondo; poi si sollevò aggrappandosi al muro e chiese:","translation":"Padre Chircu, half drunk, fell to his knees and began to cry out against the wickedness of the world; then he raised himself, clutching the wall, and asked:","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Padre","lemma":"padre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of cadde","gloss":"Father"},{"surface":"Chircu","lemma":"Chircu","morphology":"proper noun","role":"depends on Padre","gloss":"Chircu"},{"surface":"mezzo","lemma":"mezzo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ubbriaco","gloss":"half"},{"surface":"ubbriaco","lemma":"ubriaco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to Padre","gloss":"drunk","note":"ubbriaco is an older spelling of ubriaco (drunk)."},{"surface":"cadde","lemma":"cadere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ginocchio","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ginocchio","lemma":"ginocchio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of cadde","gloss":"his knees"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"cominciò","lemma":"cominciare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with cadde","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of urlare","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"urlare","lemma":"urlare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of cominciò","gloss":"cry out"},{"surface":"contro","lemma":"contro","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking malvagità","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of malvagità","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"malvagità","lemma":"malvagità","morphology":"noun, feminine","role":"oblique complement of urlare","gloss":"wickedness"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mondo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"mondo","lemma":"mondo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies malvagità","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"poi","lemma":"poi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sollevò","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive pronoun of sollevò","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"sollevò","lemma":"sollevare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"raised"},{"surface":"aggrappandosi","lemma":"aggrapparsi","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on sollevò","gloss":"clutching"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking muro","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"muro","lemma":"muro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of aggrappandosi","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"chiese","lemma":"chiedere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with sollevò","gloss":"asked"}]},{"number":96,"label":"55","id":"padre-topes-p55-s1","source":"— E il cavallo?","translation":"\"And the horse?\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"E","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cavallo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cavallo","lemma":"cavallo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"horse"}]},{"number":97,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p55-s2","source":"Anche quello?","translation":"\"That too?\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Anche","lemma":"anche","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies quello","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"quello","lemma":"quello","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"that"}]},{"number":98,"label":"56","id":"padre-topes-p56-s1","source":"— No, quello l’ho riportato sano e salvo al padrone.","translation":"\"No, that I brought back safe and sound to its owner.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"No"},{"surface":"quello","lemma":"quello","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"topicalized object of riportato","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of riportato","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ho","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of riportato","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"riportato","lemma":"riportare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"brought back"},{"surface":"sano","lemma":"sano","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"complement of riportato","gloss":"safe"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"salvo","lemma":"salvo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with sano","gloss":"sound"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking padrone","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"padrone","lemma":"padrone","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of riportato","gloss":"owner"}]},{"number":99,"label":"57","id":"padre-topes-p57-s1","source":"— Ebbene, uomo di poca fede, voi dovevate rifare il giro.","translation":"\"Well then, man of little faith, you should have made the round again.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ebbene","lemma":"ebbene","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"Well then"},{"surface":"uomo","lemma":"uomo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fede","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"poca","lemma":"poco","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of fede","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"fede","lemma":"fede","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies uomo","gloss":"faith"},{"surface":"voi","lemma":"voi","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of dovevate","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"dovevate","lemma":"dovere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, second-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"should have"},{"surface":"rifare","lemma":"rifare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of dovevate","gloss":"make again"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of giro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"giro","lemma":"giro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of rifare","gloss":"round"}]},{"number":100,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p57-s2","source":"E lo rifarete: quando udranno che i ladroni hanno assalito in voi lo stesso Gesù Cristo in persona, raddoppieranno le offerte.","translation":"\"And you will make it again: when they hear that the brigands attacked, in your person, Jesus Christ himself, they will double their offerings.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"E","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of rifarete","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"rifarete","lemma":"rifare","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, second-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will make again"},{"surface":"quando","lemma":"quando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of udranno","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"udranno","lemma":"udire","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"adverbial clause on raddoppieranno","gloss":"hear"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of assalito","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of ladroni","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ladroni","lemma":"ladrone","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of assalito","gloss":"brigands"},{"surface":"hanno","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of assalito","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"assalito","lemma":"assalire","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of udranno","gloss":"attacked"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking voi","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"voi","lemma":"voi","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"oblique complement of assalito","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Gesù","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"stesso","lemma":"stesso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Gesù","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"Gesù","lemma":"Gesù","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of assalito","gloss":"Jesus"},{"surface":"Cristo","lemma":"Cristo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"depends on Gesù","gloss":"Christ"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking persona","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"persona","lemma":"persona","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of assalito","gloss":"person"},{"surface":"raddoppieranno","lemma":"raddoppiare","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will double"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of offerte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"offerte","lemma":"offerta","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of raddoppieranno","gloss":"offerings"}]},{"number":101,"label":"58","id":"padre-topes-p58-s1","source":"Padre Topes, già pallido come un cadavere, diventò livido e cominciò a tremare.","translation":"Padre Topes, already pale as a corpse, turned livid and began to tremble.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Padre","lemma":"padre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of diventò","gloss":"Father"},{"surface":"Topes","lemma":"Topes","morphology":"proper noun","role":"depends on Padre","gloss":"Topes"},{"surface":"già","lemma":"già","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pallido","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"pallido","lemma":"pallido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Padre","gloss":"pale"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cadavere","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cadavere","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"cadavere","lemma":"cadavere","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of pallido","gloss":"corpse"},{"surface":"diventò","lemma":"diventare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"livido","lemma":"livido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"complement of diventò","gloss":"livid"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"cominciò","lemma":"cominciare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with diventò","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of tremare","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"tremare","lemma":"tremare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of cominciò","gloss":"tremble"}]},{"number":102,"label":"59","id":"padre-topes-p59-s1","source":"— Padre, — supplicò a mani giunte, — non mi mandate: no, non mi mandate.","translation":"\"Father,\" he begged, hands clasped, \"don't send me: no, don't send me.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Padre","lemma":"padre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"Father"},{"surface":"supplicò","lemma":"supplicare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"begged"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mani","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"mani","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of supplicò","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"giunte","lemma":"giunto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies mani","gloss":"clasped"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mandate","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, first-person, singular","role":"direct object of mandate","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"mandate","lemma":"mandare","morphology":"verb, present, imperative, second-person, plural","role":"main verb of the quoted clause","gloss":"send"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mandate","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, first-person, singular","role":"direct object of mandate","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"mandate","lemma":"mandare","morphology":"verb, present, imperative, second-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"send"}]},{"number":103,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p59-s2","source":"Mi assaliranno di nuovo.","translation":"\"They'll attack me again.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"pronoun, first-person, singular","role":"direct object of assaliranno","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"assaliranno","lemma":"assalire","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will attack"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nuovo","gloss":"again","note":"'di nuovo' is a set phrase meaning \"again,\" not literally \"of new.\""},{"surface":"nuovo","lemma":"nuovo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of assaliranno","gloss":"again"}]},{"number":104,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p59-s3","source":"Ho paura.","translation":"\"I'm afraid.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ho","lemma":"avere","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"am","note":"'avere paura' = to be afraid, literally \"to have fear.\""},{"surface":"paura","lemma":"paura","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of Ho","gloss":"afraid"}]},{"number":105,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p59-s4","source":"Abbiate pietà di me; mandate un altro.","translation":"\"Have pity on me; send someone else.\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Abbiate / mandate","title":"Formal «voi» imperative","body":"«Abbiate pietà» and «mandate» are 2nd-person-plural imperatives — the formal register two friars use with each other here, matching their consistent use of «voi» rather than «tu» throughout the convent scenes."}],"words":[{"surface":"Abbiate","lemma":"avere","morphology":"verb, present, imperative, second-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Have"},{"surface":"pietà","lemma":"pietà","morphology":"noun, feminine","role":"direct object of Abbiate","gloss":"pity"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking me","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"me","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of pietà","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"mandate","lemma":"mandare","morphology":"verb, present, imperative, second-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"send"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of altro","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"altro","lemma":"altro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of mandate","gloss":"else"}]},{"number":106,"label":"60","id":"padre-topes-p60-s1","source":"— Un altro non lo crederebbero: direbbero che facciamo una speculazione.","translation":"\"They wouldn't believe another one: they'd say we were working a scheme.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of altro","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"altro","lemma":"altro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"topicalized direct object of crederebbero","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies crederebbero","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of crederebbero","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"crederebbero","lemma":"credere","morphology":"verb, present, conditional, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would believe"},{"surface":"direbbero","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, present, conditional, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would say"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of facciamo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"facciamo","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"clausal complement of direbbero","gloss":"are doing"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of speculazione","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"speculazione","lemma":"speculazione","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of facciamo","gloss":"scheme"}]},{"number":107,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p60-s2","source":"Andate, padre Zuanne; quando vedranno il vostro viso invecchiato ed i vostri occhi pieni di terrore, raddoppieranno le offerte.","translation":"\"Go, Padre Zuanne; when they see your aged face and your eyes full of terror, they will double their offerings.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Andate","lemma":"andare","morphology":"verb, present, imperative, second-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Go"},{"surface":"padre","lemma":"padre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"Father"},{"surface":"Zuanne","lemma":"Zuanne","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies padre","gloss":"Zuanne"},{"surface":"quando","lemma":"quando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vedranno","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"vedranno","lemma":"vedere","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"adverbial clause on raddoppieranno","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of viso","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vostro","lemma":"vostro","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on viso","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"viso","lemma":"viso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of vedranno","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"invecchiato","lemma":"invecchiato","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies viso","gloss":"aged"},{"surface":"ed","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of occhi","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vostri","lemma":"vostro","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"depends on occhi","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"occhi","lemma":"occhio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with viso","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"pieni","lemma":"pieno","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies occhi","gloss":"full"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking terrore","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"terrore","lemma":"terrore","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies occhi","gloss":"terror"},{"surface":"raddoppieranno","lemma":"raddoppiare","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will double"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of offerte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"offerte","lemma":"offerta","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of raddoppieranno","gloss":"offerings"}]},{"number":108,"label":"61","id":"padre-topes-p61-s1","source":"Invano il piccolo frate pregò e supplicò.","translation":"In vain the little friar prayed and pleaded.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Invano","lemma":"invano","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pregò","gloss":"In vain"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of frate","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"piccolo","lemma":"piccolo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies frate","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"frate","lemma":"frate","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of pregò","gloss":"friar"},{"surface":"pregò","lemma":"pregare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"prayed"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"supplicò","lemma":"supplicare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with pregò","gloss":"pleaded"}]},{"number":109,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p61-s2","source":"Padre Chircu sapeva bene il fatto suo, per non desistere dalla felice idea balenatagli in mente; però concesse a frate Topes una settimana di riposo.","translation":"Padre Chircu knew his own business well enough not to give up the happy idea that had flashed into his mind; however, he granted Frate Topes a week's rest.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"balenatagli","title":"Clitic pronoun fused onto the participle","body":"«Balenatagli» = «balenata» (past participle of «balenare», 'to flash') + «gli» ('to him'), fused into one word — literary Italian often attaches an indirect-object clitic straight onto a participle or gerund instead of placing it before the auxiliary."}],"words":[{"surface":"Padre","lemma":"padre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of sapeva","gloss":"Father"},{"surface":"Chircu","lemma":"Chircu","morphology":"proper noun","role":"depends on Padre","gloss":"Chircu"},{"surface":"sapeva","lemma":"sapere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"bene","lemma":"bene","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sapeva","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of fatto","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fatto","lemma":"fatto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of sapeva","gloss":"business"},{"surface":"suo","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on fatto","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of desistere","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies desistere","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"desistere","lemma":"desistere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on sapeva","gloss":"give up"},{"surface":"dalla","lemma":"da il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking idea","gloss":"from the"},{"surface":"felice","lemma":"felice","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies idea","gloss":"happy"},{"surface":"idea","lemma":"idea","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of desistere","gloss":"idea"},{"surface":"balenatagli","lemma":"balenare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, feminine, singular","role":"modifies idea","gloss":"flashed to him","note":"balenatagli fuses balenata (flashed, agreeing with idea) with the clitic gli (to him)."},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mente","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"mente","lemma":"mente","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of balenatagli","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"però","lemma":"però","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies concesse","gloss":"however"},{"surface":"concesse","lemma":"concedere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"granted"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking frate","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"frate","lemma":"frate","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of concesse","gloss":"Friar"},{"surface":"Topes","lemma":"Topes","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies frate","gloss":"Topes"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of settimana","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"settimana","lemma":"settimana","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of concesse","gloss":"week"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking riposo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"riposo","lemma":"riposo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies settimana","gloss":"rest"}]},{"number":110,"label":"62","id":"padre-topes-p62-s1","source":"Fu una settimana di martirio.","translation":"It was a week of martyrdom.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Fu","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to settimana","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of settimana","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"settimana","lemma":"settimana","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"week"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking martirio","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"martirio","lemma":"martirio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies settimana","gloss":"martyrdom"}]},{"number":111,"label":"63","id":"padre-topes-p63-s1","source":"La primavera splendida della montagna avvolgeva di luce e di fragranze il vecchio convento verde d’umido e di musco.","translation":"The mountain's splendid spring wrapped the old convent, green with damp and moss, in light and fragrance.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of primavera","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"primavera","lemma":"primavera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of avvolgeva","gloss":"spring"},{"surface":"splendida","lemma":"splendido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies primavera","gloss":"splendid"},{"surface":"della","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking montagna","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"montagna","lemma":"montagna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies primavera","gloss":"mountain"},{"surface":"avvolgeva","lemma":"avvolgere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wrapped"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking luce","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"luce","lemma":"luce","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of avvolgeva","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fragranze","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"fragranze","lemma":"fragranza","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with luce","gloss":"fragrances"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of convento","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vecchio","lemma":"vecchio","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies convento","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"convento","lemma":"convento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of avvolgeva","gloss":"convent"},{"surface":"verde","lemma":"verde","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies convento","gloss":"green"},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking umido","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"umido","lemma":"umido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of verde","gloss":"damp"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking musco","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"musco","lemma":"musco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with umido","gloss":"moss","note":"musco is an older/regional form of muschio (moss)."}]},{"number":112,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p63-s2","source":"Le gazze fischiavano di gioia nel bosco odoroso di viole; ogni filo d’erba tremava e brillava alla brezza tiepida.","translation":"The magpies whistled with joy in the wood, fragrant with violets; every blade of grass trembled and glistened in the mild breeze.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of gazze","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"gazze","lemma":"gazza","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of fischiavano","gloss":"magpies"},{"surface":"fischiavano","lemma":"fischiare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"whistled"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gioia","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"gioia","lemma":"gioia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of fischiavano","gloss":"joy"},{"surface":"nel","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bosco","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"bosco","lemma":"bosco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of fischiavano","gloss":"wood"},{"surface":"odoroso","lemma":"odoroso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies bosco","gloss":"fragrant"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking viole","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"viole","lemma":"viola","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"complement of odoroso","gloss":"violets"},{"surface":"ogni","lemma":"ogni","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of filo","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"filo","lemma":"filo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of tremava","gloss":"blade"},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking erba","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"erba","lemma":"erba","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies filo","gloss":"grass"},{"surface":"tremava","lemma":"tremare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"trembled"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"brillava","lemma":"brillare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with tremava","gloss":"glistened"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking brezza","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"brezza","lemma":"brezza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of brillava","gloss":"breeze"},{"surface":"tiepida","lemma":"tiepido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies brezza","gloss":"mild"}]},{"number":113,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p63-s3","source":"Padre Topes delirava, col sangue arso da una invincibile ossessione di rimorso, di ricordo e di desiderio.","translation":"Padre Topes was delirious, his blood burning with an invincible obsession of remorse, of memory, and of desire.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Padre","lemma":"padre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of delirava","gloss":"Padre"},{"surface":"Topes","lemma":"Topes","morphology":"proper noun","role":"depends on Padre","gloss":"Topes"},{"surface":"delirava","lemma":"delirare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was delirious"},{"surface":"col","lemma":"con il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sangue","gloss":"with the"},{"surface":"sangue","lemma":"sangue","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of delirava","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"arso","lemma":"arso","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying sangue","gloss":"burning"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ossessione","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ossessione","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"invincibile","lemma":"invincibile","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies ossessione","gloss":"invincible"},{"surface":"ossessione","lemma":"ossessione","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"agent of arso","gloss":"obsession"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rimorso","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"rimorso","lemma":"rimorso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies ossessione","gloss":"remorse"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ricordo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ricordo","lemma":"ricordo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with rimorso","gloss":"memory"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking desiderio","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"desiderio","lemma":"desiderio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with rimorso","gloss":"desire"}]},{"number":114,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p63-s4","source":"E volevano ch’egli ripartisse!","translation":"And they wanted him to set out again!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"E","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"volevano","lemma":"volere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wanted"},{"surface":"ch’","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ripartisse","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"egli","lemma":"egli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of ripartisse","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ripartisse","lemma":"ripartire","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"complement clause of volevano","gloss":"set out again"}]},{"number":115,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p63-s5","source":"No, piuttosto morire; perchè partire significava incamminarsi ineluttabilmente verso il peccato.","translation":"No, better to die; for to leave meant setting out ineluctably toward sin.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"No"},{"surface":"piuttosto","lemma":"piuttosto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies morire","gloss":"rather"},{"surface":"morire","lemma":"morire","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to die"},{"surface":"perchè","lemma":"perché","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of significava","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"partire","lemma":"partire","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"subject of significava","gloss":"to leave"},{"surface":"significava","lemma":"significare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"meant"},{"surface":"incamminarsi","lemma":"incamminare si","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of significava","gloss":"setting out"},{"surface":"ineluttabilmente","lemma":"ineluttabilmente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies incamminarsi","gloss":"ineluctably"},{"surface":"verso","lemma":"verso","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking peccato","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of peccato","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"peccato","lemma":"peccato","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of incamminarsi","gloss":"sin"}]},{"number":116,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p63-s6","source":"Ed egli non voleva più peccare: egli ora voleva vivere cento anni e poi altri cento anni nel convento, in una grotta, in cima ad una rupe, come san Simone sulla colonna, per espiare i peccati suoi e quelli di suo padre.","translation":"And he no longer wanted to sin: he now wanted to live a hundred years and then another hundred years in the convent, in a cave, on the top of a crag, like Saint Simeon on his pillar, to atone for his own sins and those of his father.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ed","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"egli","lemma":"egli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of voleva","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies peccare","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"voleva","lemma":"volere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the first clause","gloss":"wanted"},{"surface":"più","lemma":"più","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies peccare","gloss":"any longer"},{"surface":"peccare","lemma":"peccare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of voleva","gloss":"to sin"},{"surface":"egli","lemma":"egli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of voleva","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ora","lemma":"ora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies voleva","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"voleva","lemma":"volere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the second clause","gloss":"wanted"},{"surface":"vivere","lemma":"vivere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of voleva","gloss":"to live"},{"surface":"cento","lemma":"cento","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies anni","gloss":"a hundred"},{"surface":"anni","lemma":"anno","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of vivere","gloss":"years"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"poi","lemma":"poi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies anni","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"altri","lemma":"altro","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"modifies anni","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"cento","lemma":"cento","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies anni","gloss":"hundred"},{"surface":"anni","lemma":"anno","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with anni","gloss":"years"},{"surface":"nel","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking convento","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"convento","lemma":"convento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of vivere","gloss":"convent"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking grotta","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of grotta","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"grotta","lemma":"grotta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of vivere","gloss":"cave"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cima","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"cima","lemma":"cima","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of vivere","gloss":"top"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rupe","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of rupe","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"rupe","lemma":"rupe","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies cima","gloss":"crag"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking san","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"san","lemma":"San","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of vivere","gloss":"Saint"},{"surface":"Simone","lemma":"Simone","morphology":"proper noun","role":"depends on san","gloss":"Simeon"},{"surface":"sulla","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking colonna","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"colonna","lemma":"colonna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies Simone","gloss":"pillar"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of espiare","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"espiare","lemma":"espiare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on vivere","gloss":"atone for"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of peccati","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"peccati","lemma":"peccato","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of espiare","gloss":"sins"},{"surface":"suoi","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"depends on peccati","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"quelli","lemma":"quello","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with peccati","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking padre","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"suo","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on padre","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"padre","lemma":"padre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies quelli","gloss":"father"}]},{"number":117,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p63-s7","source":"Dopo una settimana però, si sentì più calmo e partì.","translation":"After a week, though, he felt calmer and set out.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dopo","lemma":"dopo","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking settimana","gloss":"After"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of settimana","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"settimana","lemma":"settimana","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sentì","gloss":"week"},{"surface":"però","lemma":"però","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sentì","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"expletive with sentì","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"sentì","lemma":"sentire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"più","lemma":"più","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies calmo","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"calmo","lemma":"calmo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"complement of sentì","gloss":"calm"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"partì","lemma":"partire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with sentì","gloss":"set out"}]},{"number":118,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p63-s8","source":"Un filo di speranza lo guidava: Dio misericordioso l’avrebbe aiutato.","translation":"A thread of hope guided him: merciful God would help him.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of filo","gloss":"A"},{"surface":"filo","lemma":"filo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of guidava","gloss":"thread"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking speranza","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"speranza","lemma":"speranza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies filo","gloss":"hope"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of guidava","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"guidava","lemma":"guidare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"guided"},{"surface":"Dio","lemma":"dio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of aiutato","gloss":"God"},{"surface":"misericordioso","lemma":"misericordioso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Dio","gloss":"merciful"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of aiutato","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"avrebbe","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of aiutato","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"aiutato","lemma":"aiutare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"help"}]},{"number":119,"label":"64","id":"padre-topes-p64-s1","source":"Anche questa volta il cielo incurvavasi come una volta argentea al disopra dei rami contorti del bosco, ed un soave odore di violette e di mughetti profumava l’aria fresca dell’alba rugiadosa.","translation":"This time too the sky arched like a silver vault above the twisted branches of the wood, and a sweet scent of violets and lilies of the valley perfumed the fresh air of the dewy dawn.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"incurvavasi","title":"Archaic enclitic word order","body":"«Incurvavasi» is «si incurvava» ('it arched') written with the reflexive «si» attached after the verb instead of before it — a literary, slightly archaic word order common in late-19th/early-20th-century Italian prose, echoing older written style."}],"words":[{"surface":"Anche","lemma":"anche","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies volta","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"questa","lemma":"questo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of volta","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"volta","lemma":"volta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies incurvavasi","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cielo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cielo","lemma":"cielo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of incurvavasi","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"incurvavasi","lemma":"incurvarsi","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"arched"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking volta","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of volta","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"volta","lemma":"volta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of incurvavasi","gloss":"vault"},{"surface":"argentea","lemma":"argenteo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies volta","gloss":"silver"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking disopra","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"disopra","lemma":"disopra","morphology":"adverb","role":"oblique complement of incurvavasi","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"dei","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rami","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"rami","lemma":"ramo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of disopra","gloss":"branches"},{"surface":"contorti","lemma":"contorto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies rami","gloss":"twisted"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bosco","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"bosco","lemma":"bosco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies rami","gloss":"wood"},{"surface":"ed","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of odore","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"soave","lemma":"soave","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies odore","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"odore","lemma":"odore","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of profumava","gloss":"scent"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking violette","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"violette","lemma":"violetta","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies odore","gloss":"violets"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mughetti","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"mughetti","lemma":"mughetto","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with violette","gloss":"lilies of the valley"},{"surface":"profumava","lemma":"profumare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"perfumed"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of aria","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"aria","lemma":"aria","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of profumava","gloss":"air"},{"surface":"fresca","lemma":"fresco","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies aria","gloss":"fresh"},{"surface":"dell’","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking alba","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"alba","lemma":"alba","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies aria","gloss":"dawn"},{"surface":"rugiadosa","lemma":"rugiadoso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies alba","gloss":"dewy"}]},{"number":120,"label":"65","id":"padre-topes-p65-s1","source":"Ma Padre Topes cominciò a turbarsi nel respirare la fragranza del bosco: ricordava il profumo di quella donna; e sentiva il suo cuore stringersi, stringersi, farsi piccino come una bacca d’agrifoglio.","translation":"But Padre Topes began to grow troubled as he breathed in the fragrance of the wood: he remembered that woman's perfume; and he felt his heart tighten, tighten, grow small as a holly berry.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"agrifoglio","title":"«agrifoglio»","body":"Holly, one of the evergreen shrubs (along with fern and thorny scrub) that crowd the mountainside around the convent — its small red berry becomes the image for the friar's shrinking heart."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"Padre","lemma":"padre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of cominciò","gloss":"Padre"},{"surface":"Topes","lemma":"Topes","morphology":"proper noun","role":"depends on Padre","gloss":"Topes"},{"surface":"cominciò","lemma":"cominciare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of turbarsi","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"turbarsi","lemma":"turbare si","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of cominciò","gloss":"grow troubled"},{"surface":"nel","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking respirare","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"respirare","lemma":"respirare","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"oblique complement of turbarsi","gloss":"breathing"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of fragranza","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fragranza","lemma":"fragranza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of respirare","gloss":"fragrance"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bosco","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"bosco","lemma":"bosco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies fragranza","gloss":"wood"},{"surface":"ricordava","lemma":"ricordare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"remembered"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of profumo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"profumo","lemma":"profumo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of ricordava","gloss":"perfume"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking donna","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"quella","lemma":"quello","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of donna","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"donna","lemma":"donna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies profumo","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sentiva","lemma":"sentire","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cuore","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"suo","lemma":"suo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"depends on cuore","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"cuore","lemma":"cuore","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of sentiva","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"stringersi","lemma":"stringere si","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of sentiva","gloss":"tighten"},{"surface":"stringersi","lemma":"stringere si","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with stringersi","gloss":"tighten"},{"surface":"farsi","lemma":"fare si","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with stringersi","gloss":"grow"},{"surface":"piccino","lemma":"piccino","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"complement of farsi","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bacca","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of bacca","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bacca","lemma":"bacca","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of farsi","gloss":"berry"},{"surface":"d’","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking agrifoglio","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"agrifoglio","lemma":"agrifoglio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies bacca","gloss":"holly"}]},{"number":121,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p65-s2","source":"Una tristezza mortale lo avvolse.","translation":"A deathly sadness enveloped him.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of tristezza","gloss":"A"},{"surface":"tristezza","lemma":"tristezza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of avvolse","gloss":"sadness"},{"surface":"mortale","lemma":"mortale","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies tristezza","gloss":"deathly"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of avvolse","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"avvolse","lemma":"avvolgere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"enveloped"}]},{"number":122,"label":"66","id":"padre-topes-p66-s1","source":"Arrivato in fondo alla montagna, si fermò come l’altra volta, sotto il grande elce dai bassi rami, vicino alla fontana.","translation":"Having reached the foot of the mountain, he stopped as before, beneath the great holm oak with its low branches, near the spring.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Arrivato","lemma":"arrivare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial clause on fermò","gloss":"Having reached"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fondo","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"fondo","lemma":"fondo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Arrivato","gloss":"foot"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking montagna","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"montagna","lemma":"montagna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Arrivato","gloss":"mountain"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"expletive with fermò","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"fermò","lemma":"fermare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stopped"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking volta","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of volta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"altra","lemma":"altro","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies volta","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"volta","lemma":"volta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of fermò","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"sotto","lemma":"sotto","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking elce","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of elce","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"grande","lemma":"grande","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies elce","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"elce","lemma":"elce","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of fermò","gloss":"holm oak"},{"surface":"dai","lemma":"da il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rami","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"bassi","lemma":"basso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies rami","gloss":"low"},{"surface":"rami","lemma":"ramo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies elce","gloss":"branches"},{"surface":"vicino","lemma":"vicino","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fontana","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fontana","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fontana","lemma":"fontana","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of fermò","gloss":"spring"}]},{"number":123,"label":"67","id":"padre-topes-p67-s1","source":"Il paesello taceva, lievemente colorato dal riflesso dell’aurora.","translation":"The little village lay silent, faintly colored by the glow of dawn.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of paesello","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"paesello","lemma":"paesello","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of taceva","gloss":"little village"},{"surface":"taceva","lemma":"tacere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lay silent"},{"surface":"lievemente","lemma":"lievemente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies colorato","gloss":"faintly"},{"surface":"colorato","lemma":"colorare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"complement of taceva","gloss":"colored"},{"surface":"dal","lemma":"da il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking riflesso","gloss":"by the"},{"surface":"riflesso","lemma":"riflesso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of colorato","gloss":"glow"},{"surface":"dell’","lemma":"di il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking aurora","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"aurora","lemma":"aurora","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies riflesso","gloss":"dawn"}]},{"number":124,"label":"68","id":"padre-topes-p68-s1","source":"Come l’altra volta, la fanciulla alta e formosa, dagli occhi turchini e le labbra rosse, venne ad attingere acqua alla fontana.","translation":"As before, the girl, tall and shapely, with blue eyes and red lips, came to draw water at the spring.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Come","lemma":"come","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the time phrase l'altra volta","gloss":"As"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of volta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"altra","lemma":"altro","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies volta","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"volta","lemma":"volta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"complement of Come","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of fanciulla","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fanciulla","lemma":"fanciulla","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of venne","gloss":"girl"},{"surface":"alta","lemma":"alto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies fanciulla","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"formosa","lemma":"formoso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with alta","gloss":"shapely"},{"surface":"dagli","lemma":"da il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking occhi","gloss":"with the"},{"surface":"occhi","lemma":"occhio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies fanciulla","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"turchini","lemma":"turchino","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies occhi","gloss":"blue"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of labbra","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"labbra","lemma":"labbro","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies fanciulla","gloss":"lips"},{"surface":"rosse","lemma":"rosso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies labbra","gloss":"red"},{"surface":"venne","lemma":"venire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of attingere","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"attingere","lemma":"attingere","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of venne","gloss":"draw"},{"surface":"acqua","lemma":"acqua","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of attingere","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fontana","gloss":"at the"},{"surface":"fontana","lemma":"fontana","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of attingere","gloss":"spring"}]},{"number":125,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p68-s2","source":"Vedendo il fraticello gli sorrise graziosamente e gli disse con voce carezzevole, come parlando ad un bimbo:","translation":"Seeing the little friar, she smiled at him graciously and spoke to him in a caressing voice, as if speaking to a child:","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vedendo","lemma":"vedere","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on sorrise","gloss":"Seeing"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of fraticello","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fraticello","lemma":"fraticello","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of Vedendo","gloss":"little friar"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"gli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of sorrise","gloss":"at him"},{"surface":"sorrise","lemma":"sorridere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"smiled"},{"surface":"graziosamente","lemma":"graziosamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sorrise","gloss":"graciously"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"gli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of disse","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"disse","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with sorrise","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking voce","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"voce","lemma":"voce","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of disse","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"carezzevole","lemma":"carezzevole","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies voce","gloss":"caressing"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of parlando","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"parlando","lemma":"parlare","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on disse","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bimbo","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of bimbo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bimbo","lemma":"bimbo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of parlando","gloss":"child"}]},{"number":126,"label":"69","id":"padre-topes-p69-s1","source":"— Vi hanno dunque assalito, i ladroni?","translation":"\"So the robbers attacked you?\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vi","lemma":"vi","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"direct object of assalito","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"hanno","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of assalito","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"dunque","lemma":"dunque","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies assalito","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"assalito","lemma":"assalire","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"attacked"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of ladroni","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ladroni","lemma":"ladrone","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"dislocated subject of assalito","gloss":"robbers"}]},{"number":127,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p69-s2","source":"Ah, i cattivi ladroni!","translation":"\"Ah, the wicked robbers!\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ah","lemma":"ah","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"Ah"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of ladroni","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cattivi","lemma":"cattivo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies ladroni","gloss":"wicked"},{"surface":"ladroni","lemma":"ladrone","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"robbers"}]},{"number":128,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p69-s3","source":"Essi andranno all’inferno,...","translation":"\"They will go to hell,...\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Essi","lemma":"esso","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of andranno","gloss":"They"},{"surface":"andranno","lemma":"andare","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will go"},{"surface":"all’","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking inferno","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"inferno","lemma":"inferno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of andranno","gloss":"hell"}]},{"number":129,"label":"70","id":"padre-topes-p70-s1","source":"Il piccolo frate non rispose: ma la guardò come un pazzo.","translation":"The little friar did not answer: but he looked at her like a madman.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of frate","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"piccolo","lemma":"piccolo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies frate","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"frate","lemma":"frate","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of rispose","gloss":"friar"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rispose","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"rispose","lemma":"rispondere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"ma","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of guardò","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"guardò","lemma":"guardare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"looked at"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pazzo","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pazzo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"pazzo","lemma":"pazzo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of guardò","gloss":"madman"}]},{"number":130,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p70-s2","source":"Ah, sì, Dio santo e terribile, ella rassomigliava a quell’altra, e nel guardarla, Padre Topes provava una vertigine di desiderio che gli ottenebrava gli occhi.","translation":"Ah, yes, holy and terrible God, she resembled that other woman, and in looking at her, Padre Topes felt a vertigo of desire that darkened his eyes.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ah","lemma":"ah","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"Ah"},{"surface":"sì","lemma":"sì","morphology":"adverb","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"Dio","lemma":"dio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"God"},{"surface":"santo","lemma":"santo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Dio","gloss":"holy"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"terribile","lemma":"terribile","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"coordinated with santo","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"ella","lemma":"ella","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of rassomigliava","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"rassomigliava","lemma":"rassomigliare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"resembled"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking altra","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"quell’","lemma":"quello","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of altra","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"altra","lemma":"altro","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of rassomigliava","gloss":"other woman"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nel","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking guardarla","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"guardarla","lemma":"guardare la","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"temporal clause on provava","gloss":"looking at her"},{"surface":"Padre","lemma":"Padre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of provava","gloss":"Padre"},{"surface":"Topes","lemma":"Topes","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies Padre","gloss":"Topes"},{"surface":"provava","lemma":"provare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with rassomigliava","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vertigine","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vertigine","lemma":"vertigine","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of provava","gloss":"vertigo"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"di","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking desiderio","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"desiderio","lemma":"desiderio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies vertigine","gloss":"desire"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of ottenebrava","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"gli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of ottenebrava","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ottenebrava","lemma":"ottenebrare","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on vertigine","gloss":"darkened"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of occhi","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"occhi","lemma":"occhio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of ottenebrava","gloss":"eyes"}]},{"number":131,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p70-s3","source":"Egli era perduto; perduto per tutta l’eternità.","translation":"He was lost; lost for all eternity.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Egli","lemma":"egli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of passive perduto","gloss":"He"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"passive auxiliary of perduto","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"perduto","lemma":"perdere","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lost"},{"surface":"perduto","lemma":"perdere","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"emphatic repetition, modifies Egli","gloss":"lost"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking eternità","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"tutta","lemma":"tutto","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"depends on eternità","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of eternità","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"eternità","lemma":"eternità","morphology":"noun, feminine","role":"oblique complement of perduto","gloss":"eternity"}]},{"number":132,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p70-s4","source":"Sentì che non avrebbe fatto un passo se non per avviarsi a quel luogo, e non si mosse.","translation":"He felt that he would not take a single step except to set out toward that place, and he did not move.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sentì","lemma":"sentire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fatto","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fatto","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"avrebbe","lemma":"avere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of fatto","gloss":"would have"},{"surface":"fatto","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of Sentì","gloss":"taken"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of passo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"passo","lemma":"passo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of fatto","gloss":"step"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of avviarsi","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies avviarsi","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of avviarsi","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"avviarsi","lemma":"avviare si","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on fatto","gloss":"set out"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking luogo","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"quel","lemma":"quello","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of luogo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"luogo","lemma":"luogo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of avviarsi","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mosse","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"expletive with mosse","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"mosse","lemma":"muovere","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with Sentì","gloss":"moved"}]},{"number":133,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p70-s5","source":"Appena la fanciulla se ne fu andata, alta e bella e con l’anfora sul capo come la Samaritana, Padre Topes la seguì con lo sguardo ardente, poi si levò la corda grigia che gli cingeva i fianchi e la gittò ad un ramo.","translation":"As soon as the girl had gone away, tall and lovely, with the jug upon her head like the Samaritan woman, Padre Topes followed her with a burning gaze, then took off the gray cord that girded his waist and threw it over a branch.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se ne fu andata","title":"Trapassato remoto: a rare literary tense","body":"«Se ne fu andata» ('she had gone away') is the trapassato remoto — a tense almost extinct outside formal narrative prose, used only in a clause introduced by a time word like «appena» ('as soon as') alongside a passato remoto in the main clause. It marks an action completed a beat before another completed past action."}],"words":[{"surface":"Appena","lemma":"appena","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of andata","gloss":"As soon as"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of fanciulla","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fanciulla","lemma":"fanciulla","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of andata","gloss":"girl"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"expletive with andata","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"pronoun","role":"indirect object of andata","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"fu","lemma":"essere","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of andata","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"andata","lemma":"andare","morphology":"verb, past, participle, feminine, singular","role":"adverbial clause on seguì","gloss":"gone"},{"surface":"alta","lemma":"alto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"complement of andata","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"bella","lemma":"bello","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with alta","gloss":"lovely"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking anfora","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"l’","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of anfora","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"anfora","lemma":"anfora","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with alta","gloss":"jug"},{"surface":"sul","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking capo","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"capo","lemma":"capo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies anfora","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"come","lemma":"come","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Samaritana","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Samaritana","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Samaritana","lemma":"Samaritana","morphology":"proper noun","role":"compared to fanciulla","gloss":"Samaritan woman"},{"surface":"Padre","lemma":"Padre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of seguì","gloss":"Padre"},{"surface":"Topes","lemma":"Topes","morphology":"proper noun","role":"depends on Padre","gloss":"Topes"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of seguì","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"seguì","lemma":"seguire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"followed"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sguardo","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sguardo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sguardo","lemma":"sguardo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of seguì","gloss":"gaze"},{"surface":"ardente","lemma":"ardente","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies sguardo","gloss":"burning"},{"surface":"poi","lemma":"poi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies levò","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"expletive with levò","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"levò","lemma":"levare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with seguì","gloss":"took off"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of corda","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"corda","lemma":"corda","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of levò","gloss":"cord"},{"surface":"grigia","lemma":"grigio","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies corda","gloss":"gray"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of cingeva","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"gli","lemma":"gli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of cingeva","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"cingeva","lemma":"cingere","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on corda","gloss":"girded"},{"surface":"i","lemma":"il","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of fianchi","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fianchi","lemma":"fianco","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of cingeva","gloss":"waist"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of gittò","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"gittò","lemma":"gittare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with levò","gloss":"threw"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ramo","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of ramo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ramo","lemma":"ramo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of gittò","gloss":"branch"}]},{"number":134,"label":"","id":"padre-topes-p70-s6","source":"Salito sulla pietra che serviva da sedile, egli fece un nodo scorsoio alla corda, se lo passò al collo e si lanciò nel vuoto.","translation":"Climbing onto the stone that served as a seat, he made a slip-knot in the cord, passed it round his neck, and threw himself into the void.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Salito","lemma":"salire","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial clause on fece","gloss":"Climbing"},{"surface":"sulla","lemma":"su il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pietra","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"pietra","lemma":"pietra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Salito","gloss":"stone"},{"surface":"che","lemma":"che","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of serviva","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"serviva","lemma":"servire","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on pietra","gloss":"served"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sedile","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"sedile","lemma":"sedile","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of serviva","gloss":"seat"},{"surface":"egli","lemma":"egli","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of fece","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"fece","lemma":"fare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of nodo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"nodo","lemma":"nodo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of fece","gloss":"knot"},{"surface":"scorsoio","lemma":"scorsoio","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies nodo","gloss":"slip"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking corda","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"corda","lemma":"corda","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies nodo","gloss":"cord"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"indirect object of passò","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of passò","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"passò","lemma":"passare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with fece","gloss":"passed"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"a il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking collo","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"collo","lemma":"collo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of passò","gloss":"neck"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"pronoun","role":"expletive with lanciò","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"lanciò","lemma":"lanciare","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with passò","gloss":"threw"},{"surface":"nel","lemma":"in il","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vuoto","gloss":"into the"},{"surface":"vuoto","lemma":"vuoto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of lanciò","gloss":"void"}]}]}