{"work":{"slug":"havelaar","title":{"source":"Max Havelaar","translated":"Max Havelaar"},"author":"Multatuli","language":"Dutch","languageCode":"nl","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/havelaar"},"unit":{"kind":"chapter","number":null,"id":"hoofdstuk-9","title":{"source":"Hoofdstuk 9","translated":"Chapter 9"},"section":"The Novel","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/havelaar/hoofdstuk-9","lines":129},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/havelaar/hoofdstuk-8","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/havelaar/hoofdstuk-10","license":"Source text: public domain (Multatuli / Eduard Douwes Dekker, d. 1887; Dutch 1860, Project Gutenberg #11024). English translation: original, © 1732 Studios (2026); rendered freshly from the public-domain Dutch, not derived from any prior English translation. Sentence-aligned by 1732 Studios.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"h9-s1","source":"Duclari, die aan Verbrugge kwam vragen of hy al dan niet dacht thuis te zyn voor 't middagmaal, werd meegenoodigd aan-tafel, en wanneer de lezer gesteld is op wat afwisseling in myn vertelling, wordt hy naar 't volgend hoofdstuk verwezen, waarin ik meedeel wat er zoo-al gesproken werd by dat maal.","translation":"Duclari, who had come to ask Verbrugge whether or not he thought he would be home for dinner, was invited along to the table; and if the reader cares for a little variety in my telling, he is referred to the next chapter, in which I set down some of what was said over that meal.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"of hy al dan niet dacht thuis te zyn","title":"Indirect yes/no question 'of' + te-infinitive","body":"'of' introduces an indirect question (verb-final 'dacht'); 'al dan niet' = 'whether or not'; 'dacht ... te zyn' is denken + te-infinitive ('thought he would be home')."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"werd meegenoodigd ... wordt hy ... verwezen","title":"Worden-passive in past and present","body":"'werd meegenoodigd' is the past process passive ('was invited along'), 'wordt ... verwezen' the present ('is referred'). 'meenoodigen' is separable, prefix reattached in the participle."}],"words":[{"surface":"Duclari","lemma":"Duclari","morphology":"proper noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of werd meegenoodigd","gloss":"Duclari"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"relative pronoun","role":"subject of kwam","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"aan","lemma":"aan","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Verbrugge","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Verbrugge","lemma":"Verbrugge","morphology":"proper noun","role":"indirect object of vragen","gloss":"Verbrugge"},{"surface":"kwam","lemma":"komen","morphology":"verb, past, singular","role":"verb of the relative clause","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"vragen","lemma":"vragen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"purpose infinitive complement of kwam","gloss":"to ask"},{"surface":"of","lemma":"of","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the indirect question","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"hy","lemma":"hij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of dacht","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"adverb","role":"first part of al dan niet","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"dan","lemma":"dan","morphology":"adverb","role":"second part of al dan niet","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates the alternative","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"dacht","lemma":"denken","morphology":"verb, past, singular","role":"verb of the indirect question","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"thuis","lemma":"thuis","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicative complement of zyn","gloss":"home"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"infinitive marker","role":"marks the infinitive zyn","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"zyn","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitival complement of dacht","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"voor","lemma":"voor","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking middagmaal","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"'t","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of middagmaal","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"middagmaal","lemma":"middagmaal","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of voor","gloss":"dinner"},{"surface":"werd","lemma":"worden","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, singular","role":"passive auxiliary of meegenoodigd","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"meegenoodigd","lemma":"meenodigen","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"main participle with werd","gloss":"invited along"},{"surface":"aan-tafel","lemma":"aan tafel","morphology":"adverbial phrase","role":"destination of meegenoodigd","gloss":"to the table","note":"Aan-tafel is an older hyphenated spelling of aan tafel."},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the two main clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"wanneer","lemma":"wanneer","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the conditional clause","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of lezer","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"lezer","lemma":"lezer","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gesteld is","gloss":"reader"},{"surface":"gesteld","lemma":"stellen","morphology":"past participle used adjectivally","role":"predicative complement of is","gloss":"fond"},{"surface":"is","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"copula linking lezer to gesteld","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"op","lemma":"op","morphology":"preposition","role":"complement of gesteld","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"wat","lemma":"wat","morphology":"indefinite determiner","role":"determiner of afwisseling","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"afwisseling","lemma":"afwisseling","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of op","gloss":"variety"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vertelling","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"myn","lemma":"mijn","morphology":"possessive determiner","role":"possessor of vertelling","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"vertelling","lemma":"vertelling","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of in","gloss":"telling"},{"surface":"wordt","lemma":"worden","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"passive auxiliary of verwezen","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"hy","lemma":"hij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of wordt verwezen","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"naar","lemma":"naar","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hoofdstuk","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"'t","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of hoofdstuk","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"volgend","lemma":"volgend","morphology":"adjective, inflected","role":"modifies hoofdstuk","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"hoofdstuk","lemma":"hoofdstuk","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of verwezen","gloss":"chapter"},{"surface":"verwezen","lemma":"verwijzen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"main participle with wordt","gloss":"referred"},{"surface":"waarin","lemma":"waarin","morphology":"relative adverb","role":"introduces the relative clause on hoofdstuk","gloss":"in which"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of meedeel","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"meedeel","lemma":"meedelen","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"verb of the relative clause","gloss":"set down"},{"surface":"wat","lemma":"wat","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of werd gesproken","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"adverb","role":"expletive adverb with gesproken","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"zoo-al","lemma":"zoal","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies wat","gloss":"among other things","note":"Zoo-al is the older spelling of zoal, here indicating a selection rather than an exhaustive account."},{"surface":"gesproken","lemma":"spreken","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"main participle with werd","gloss":"spoken"},{"surface":"werd","lemma":"worden","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, singular","role":"passive auxiliary of gesproken","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"by","lemma":"bij","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking maal","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of maal","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"maal","lemma":"maal","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of gesproken","gloss":"meal"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"h9-s2","source":"NEGENDE HOOFDSTUK Ik gaf er veel voor, met juistheid te weten, lezer, hoe lang ik nu een heldin in de lucht zou kunnen laten zweven, voor ge, by de beschryving van een kasteel, myn boek moedeloos uit de hand zoudt leggen, zonder te wachten tot het mensch op den grond kwam?","translation":"NINTH CHAPTER. I would give a great deal, reader, to know with precision just how long I could keep a heroine hovering in the air before you, at the description of a castle, laid my book down in despair without waiting for the creature to reach the ground?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"hoe lang ik nu een heldin in de lucht zou kunnen laten zweven","title":"Stacked verb cluster: zou + kunnen + laten + zweven","body":"An indirect question ('hoe lang ... zou kunnen laten zweven') ends in a four-verb cluster: conditional zou + modal kunnen + causative laten + the bare infinitive 'zweven'. A tour-de-force of Dutch verb-final stacking."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"voor ge ... myn boek moedeloos uit de hand zoudt leggen","title":"voor-clause + conditional 'zoudt' + separable verb","body":"'voor' (before) subordinates; 'zoudt leggen' is the conditional with the archaic -t on 'zoudt' (with ge). 'uit de hand leggen' has the prefix-like phrase land at the end."}],"words":[{"surface":"NEGENDE","lemma":"negende","morphology":"ordinal adjective, inflected","role":"modifies HOOFDSTUK","gloss":"NINTH"},{"surface":"HOOFDSTUK","lemma":"hoofdstuk","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"heading noun","gloss":"CHAPTER"},{"surface":"Ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of gaf","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"gaf","lemma":"geven","morphology":"verb, past, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would give"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronominal adverb","role":"part of er ... voor","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"veel","lemma":"veel","morphology":"indefinite pronoun","role":"direct object of gaf","gloss":"a great deal"},{"surface":"voor","lemma":"voor","morphology":"prepositional adverb","role":"part of er ... voor","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"met","lemma":"met","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking juistheid","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"juistheid","lemma":"juistheid","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of weten","gloss":"precision"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"infinitive marker","role":"marks the infinitive weten","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"weten","lemma":"weten","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitival complement explaining the price","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"lezer","lemma":"lezer","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"vocative","gloss":"reader"},{"surface":"hoe","lemma":"hoe","morphology":"interrogative adverb","role":"modifies lang","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"lang","lemma":"lang","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies laten zweven","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of zou kunnen laten","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies laten","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of heldin","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"heldin","lemma":"heldin","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of laten","gloss":"heroine"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lucht","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of lucht","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"lucht","lemma":"lucht","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of in","gloss":"air"},{"surface":"zou","lemma":"zullen","morphology":"modal verb, past, singular","role":"modal auxiliary of kunnen laten","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"kunnen","lemma":"kunnen","morphology":"modal verb, infinitive","role":"modal complement of zou","gloss":"be able"},{"surface":"laten","lemma":"laten","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive governed by zou kunnen","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"zweven","lemma":"zweven","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of laten","gloss":"hover"},{"surface":"voor","lemma":"voor","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the time-limit clause","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ge","lemma":"gij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, second-person singular","role":"subject of zoudt leggen","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"by","lemma":"bij","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the occasion phrase","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of beschryving","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"beschryving","lemma":"beschrijving","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of by","gloss":"description"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kasteel","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of kasteel","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"kasteel","lemma":"kasteel","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of van","gloss":"castle"},{"surface":"myn","lemma":"mijn","morphology":"possessive determiner","role":"possessor of boek","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"boek","lemma":"boek","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of leggen","gloss":"book"},{"surface":"moedeloos","lemma":"moedeloos","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies leggen","gloss":"despairingly"},{"surface":"uit","lemma":"uit","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hand","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of hand","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hand","lemma":"hand","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of uit","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"zoudt","lemma":"zullen","morphology":"modal verb, past, second-person singular","role":"modal auxiliary of leggen","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"leggen","lemma":"leggen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"verb of the time-limit clause","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"zonder","lemma":"zonder","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the infinitive clause","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"infinitive marker","role":"marks the infinitive wachten","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"wachten","lemma":"wachten","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of zonder","gloss":"wait"},{"surface":"tot","lemma":"tot","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the time clause","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of mensch","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mensch","lemma":"mens","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of kwam","gloss":"creature","note":"Mensch is the older spelling of mens; with het it can refer disparagingly or humorously to a woman or creature."},{"surface":"op","lemma":"op","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking grond","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, masculine singular, archaic case form","role":"determiner of grond","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"grond","lemma":"grond","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of op","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"kwam","lemma":"komen","morphology":"verb, past, singular","role":"verb of the time clause","gloss":"came"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"h9-s3","source":"Als ik in myn verhaal zulk een luchtsprong noodig had, zou ik voorzichtigheidshalve nog altyd een eerste verdieping kiezen als uitgangspunt van haar sprong, en een kasteel waarvan weinig te zeggen viel.","translation":"If I ever needed such a leap in my story, I would, out of caution, still always choose a first floor as the starting point of her jump, and a castle about which there was little to say.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Als ik ... zulk een luchtsprong noodig had, zou ik ... kiezen","title":"Conditional sentence: als-clause + zou + infinitive","body":"The 'als' clause (verb-final 'had') sets the condition; the main clause uses 'zou ... kiezen' for the hypothetical result. 'voorzichtigheidshalve' = 'out of caution', a -halve adverb."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"een kasteel waarvan weinig te zeggen viel","title":"Pronominal relative 'waarvan' + te-infinitive","body":"'waarvan' (= 'of which') is the relative pronominal adverb; 'weinig te zeggen viel' = 'there was little to say' ('vallen te' + infinitive, an impersonal 'be to be' idiom)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the conditional clause of had","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of had","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking verhaal","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"myn","lemma":"mijn","morphology":"possessive determiner","role":"determiner of verhaal","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"verhaal","lemma":"verhaal","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of in","gloss":"story"},{"surface":"zulk","lemma":"zulk","morphology":"demonstrative determiner","role":"determiner of luchtsprong","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"indefinite article","role":"determiner of luchtsprong","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"luchtsprong","lemma":"luchtsprong","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of had","gloss":"leap"},{"surface":"noodig","lemma":"nodig","morphology":"adjective","role":"predicative complement of had","gloss":"necessary"},{"surface":"had","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"verb, past, singular","role":"head of the conditional clause modifying kiezen","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"zou","lemma":"zullen","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, singular","role":"auxiliary of kiezen","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of zou and kiezen","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"voorzichtigheidshalve","lemma":"voorzichtigheidshalve","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kiezen","gloss":"out of caution"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies altyd","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"altyd","lemma":"altijd","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kiezen","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"indefinite article","role":"determiner of verdieping","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"eerste","lemma":"eerste","morphology":"adjective, ordinal","role":"modifies verdieping","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"verdieping","lemma":"verdieping","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of kiezen","gloss":"floor"},{"surface":"kiezen","lemma":"kiezen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb governed by zou","gloss":"choose"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"preposition","role":"marks the object complement uitgangspunt","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"uitgangspunt","lemma":"uitgangspunt","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object complement of verdieping","gloss":"starting point"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sprong","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"haar","lemma":"haar","morphology":"possessive determiner","role":"determiner of sprong","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"sprong","lemma":"sprong","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of van modifying uitgangspunt","gloss":"jump"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"coordinates verdieping and kasteel","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"indefinite article","role":"determiner of kasteel","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"kasteel","lemma":"kasteel","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of kiezen, coordinated with verdieping","gloss":"castle"},{"surface":"waarvan","lemma":"waarvan","morphology":"relative pronominal adverb","role":"prepositional complement of zeggen referring to kasteel","gloss":"about which"},{"surface":"weinig","lemma":"weinig","morphology":"indefinite pronoun","role":"direct object of zeggen","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"infinitive marker","role":"marks zeggen as infinitive","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"zeggen","lemma":"zeggen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitival complement of viel","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"viel","lemma":"vallen","morphology":"verb, past, singular","role":"head of the relative clause on kasteel; governs te zeggen","gloss":"there was"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"h9-s4","source":"Wees echter voorloopig gerust: Havelaars huis had geen verdieping, en de heldin van myn boek--goede hemel, de lieve trouwe anspruchlose Tine, een heldin!--is nooit uit een venster gesprongen.","translation":"But set your mind at ease for now: Havelaar's house had no upper floor, and the heroine of my book—good heavens, the dear, faithful, anspruchlose Tine, a heroine!—never once jumped out of a window.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Wees echter voorloopig gerust","title":"Irregular imperative 'Wees' (be)","body":"'Wees' is the irregular imperative of 'zijn' (to be), 'be at ease for now'. The bare-stem command opens the address to the reader."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"Havelaars huis had geen verdieping","title":"Genitive -s on a proper name","body":"'Havelaars huis' = 'Havelaar's house', the productive -s genitive on a name (no apostrophe in Dutch). 'geen verdieping' negates the indefinite noun."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"is nooit uit een venster gesprongen","title":"Perfect with zijn + single negative 'nooit'","body":"'is ... gesprongen' is the perfect of the motion verb springen, which takes 'zijn'; 'nooit' carries the only negation in the clause."}],"words":[{"surface":"Wees","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, imperative, singular","role":"copula linking the implied subject to gerust","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"echter","lemma":"echter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Wees","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"voorloopig","lemma":"voorlopig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Wees","gloss":"for now"},{"surface":"gerust","lemma":"gerust","morphology":"adjective","role":"predicative complement of Wees","gloss":"at ease"},{"surface":"Havelaars","lemma":"Havelaar","morphology":"proper noun, possessive","role":"possessor of huis","gloss":"Havelaar's"},{"surface":"huis","lemma":"huis","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of had","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"had","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"verb, past, singular","role":"main verb of its coordinated clause","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"geen","lemma":"geen","morphology":"negative determiner","role":"determiner of verdieping","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"verdieping","lemma":"verdieping","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of had","gloss":"upper floor"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"coordinates the clauses of had and is gesprongen","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"definite article","role":"determiner of heldin","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"heldin","lemma":"heldin","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of is gesprongen","gloss":"heroine"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking boek","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"myn","lemma":"mijn","morphology":"possessive determiner","role":"determiner of boek","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"boek","lemma":"boek","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of van modifying heldin","gloss":"book"},{"surface":"goede","lemma":"goed","morphology":"adjective, inflected","role":"modifies hemel in the interjection","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"hemel","lemma":"hemel","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"head of the interjection goede hemel","gloss":"heavens"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"definite article","role":"determiner of Tine","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"lieve","lemma":"lief","morphology":"adjective, inflected","role":"modifies Tine","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"trouwe","lemma":"trouw","morphology":"adjective, inflected","role":"modifies Tine","gloss":"faithful"},{"surface":"anspruchlose","lemma":"anspruchslos","morphology":"German adjective, inflected","role":"modifies Tine","gloss":"unassuming","note":"This German adjective means unassuming or undemanding."},{"surface":"Tine","lemma":"Tine","morphology":"proper noun, singular","role":"apposition to heldin","gloss":"Tine"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"indefinite article","role":"determiner of heldin","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"heldin","lemma":"heldin","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"apposition to Tine","gloss":"heroine"},{"surface":"is","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"auxiliary of gesprongen","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"nooit","lemma":"nooit","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies is gesprongen","gloss":"never once"},{"surface":"uit","lemma":"uit","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking venster","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"indefinite article","role":"determiner of venster","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"venster","lemma":"venster","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of uit modifying gesprongen","gloss":"window"},{"surface":"gesprongen","lemma":"springen","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"main participle governed by is","gloss":"jumped"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"h9-s5","source":"Toen ik 't vorig hoofdstuk sloot met een aanwyzing op wat afwisseling in het volgende, was dit eigenlyk meer een oratorische kunstgreep, en om een slot te maken dat goed \"knipte\" dan wel omdat ik inderdaad meende dat het volgend hoofdstuk alleen \"ter afwisseling\" waarde hebben zou.","translation":"When I closed the previous chapter with a hint of some variety in the next, this was really more an oratorical trick, a way of making an ending that \"snapped\" shut nicely, than because I genuinely believed the next chapter would have value only \"for the sake of variety.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Toen ik 't vorig hoofdstuk sloot ... was dit ...","title":"Toen-clause (narrative past) forces main-clause V2","body":"'Toen' (when, in the past) opens a verb-final subclause ('sloot', strong imperfect of sluiten); when it leads the sentence, the main verb 'was' inverts to second position."}],"words":[{"surface":"Toen","lemma":"toen","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the temporal clause of sloot","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of sloot","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"'t","lemma":"het","morphology":"definite article, elided","role":"determiner of hoofdstuk","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vorig","lemma":"vorig","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies hoofdstuk","gloss":"previous"},{"surface":"hoofdstuk","lemma":"hoofdstuk","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of sloot","gloss":"chapter"},{"surface":"sloot","lemma":"sluiten","morphology":"verb, past, singular","role":"head of the temporal clause modifying was","gloss":"closed"},{"surface":"met","lemma":"met","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking aanwyzing","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"indefinite article","role":"determiner of aanwyzing","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"aanwyzing","lemma":"aanwijzing","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of met modifying sloot","gloss":"hint"},{"surface":"op","lemma":"op","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking afwisseling","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"wat","lemma":"wat","morphology":"indefinite determiner","role":"determiner of afwisseling","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"afwisseling","lemma":"afwisseling","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of op modifying aanwyzing","gloss":"variety"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking volgende","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"definite article","role":"determiner of volgende","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"volgende","lemma":"volgend","morphology":"adjective, nominalized","role":"object of in; understood noun is hoofdstuk","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"was","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, past, singular","role":"copula linking dit to kunstgreep","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"dit","lemma":"dit","morphology":"demonstrative pronoun, singular","role":"subject of was","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"eigenlyk","lemma":"eigenlijk","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies was","gloss":"really"},{"surface":"meer","lemma":"meer","morphology":"comparative adverb","role":"introduces the comparison with dan wel","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"indefinite article","role":"determiner of kunstgreep","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"oratorische","lemma":"oratorisch","morphology":"adjective, inflected","role":"modifies kunstgreep","gloss":"oratorical"},{"surface":"kunstgreep","lemma":"kunstgreep","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"predicative complement of was","gloss":"trick"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"links the purpose clause to the preceding motivation","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating particle","role":"introduces the purpose infinitive maken with te","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"indefinite article","role":"determiner of slot","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"slot","lemma":"slot","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of maken","gloss":"ending"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"infinitive marker","role":"marks maken as infinitive","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"maken","lemma":"maken","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"head of the purpose clause introduced by om","gloss":"make"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"relative pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of knipte, referring to slot","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"goed","lemma":"goed","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies knipte","gloss":"nicely"},{"surface":"knipte","lemma":"knippen","morphology":"verb, past, singular","role":"head of the relative clause on slot","gloss":"snapped shut"},{"surface":"dan","lemma":"dan","morphology":"comparative conjunction","role":"introduces the second term of the comparison with meer","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"wel","lemma":"wel","morphology":"adverb","role":"forms dan wel, contrasting alternatives","gloss":"rather"},{"surface":"omdat","lemma":"omdat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the causal clause of meende","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of meende","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"inderdaad","lemma":"inderdaad","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies meende","gloss":"genuinely"},{"surface":"meende","lemma":"menen","morphology":"verb, past, singular","role":"head of the causal clause introduced by omdat","gloss":"believed"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the complement clause of meende","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"definite article","role":"determiner of hoofdstuk","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"volgend","lemma":"volgend","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies hoofdstuk","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"hoofdstuk","lemma":"hoofdstuk","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of zou hebben","gloss":"chapter"},{"surface":"alleen","lemma":"alleen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ter afwisseling","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"ter","lemma":"te","morphology":"contracted preposition and article","role":"introduces ter afwisseling modifying hebben","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"afwisseling","lemma":"afwisseling","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of ter","gloss":"variety"},{"surface":"waarde","lemma":"waarde","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of hebben","gloss":"value"},{"surface":"hebben","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb governed by zou","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"zou","lemma":"zullen","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, singular","role":"auxiliary of hebben","gloss":"would"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"h9-s6","source":"Een schryver is ydel als ... een man.","translation":"A writer is as vain as ... a man.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Een schryver is ydel als ... een man","title":"Comparison of equality 'als'","body":"'ydel als een man' (= 'as vain as a man') uses 'als' for equal comparison. 'schryver' and 'ydel' show y-spelling (schrijver, ijdel)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Een","lemma":"een","morphology":"indefinite article","role":"determiner of schryver","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"schryver","lemma":"schrijver","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of is","gloss":"writer"},{"surface":"is","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"copula linking schryver to ydel","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ydel","lemma":"ijdel","morphology":"adjective","role":"predicative complement of is","gloss":"vain"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"comparative conjunction","role":"introduces the comparison with man","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"indefinite article","role":"determiner of man","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"standard of comparison with ydel","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"h9-s7","source":"Spreek kwaad van zyn moeder of van de kleur zyner haren, zeg dat hy een amsterdamsch accent heeft--wat nooit een Amsterdammer toestemt--wellicht vergeeft hy u die dingen. Maar ... roer nooit aan de buitenzy van 't kleinste onderdeel eener byzaak van iets dat er lag naast zyn geschryf ... want dàt vergeeft hy u niet!","translation":"Speak ill of his mother or of the color of his hair, tell him he has an Amsterdam accent—which no Amsterdammer ever admits—and perhaps he will forgive you these things. But ... never lay a finger on the outermost edge of the smallest detail of some side matter that lay next to his writing ... for that he will not forgive you!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Spreek kwaad ... zeg dat ... roer nooit aan","title":"Chain of imperatives","body":"'Spreek', 'zeg', 'roer ... aan' are all bare-stem imperatives addressed to the reader. 'roer nooit aan' is separable 'aanroeren' with the prefix at the end, and 'nooit' as the single negation."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"de kleur zyner haren ... eener byzaak van iets","title":"Genitive 'zyner' and 'eener'","body":"'zyner haren' (of his hair) and 'eener byzaak' (of a side-matter) are the old inflected feminine/plural genitives — heavy period forms for modern 'van zijn haren' / 'van een bijzaak'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Spreek","lemma":"spreken","morphology":"verb, imperative, singular","role":"finite verb of the imperative phrase kwaad spreken","gloss":"speak"},{"surface":"kwaad","lemma":"kwaad","morphology":"adjective used adverbially","role":"part of the idiom kwaad spreken van","gloss":"ill"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"complement marker in kwaad spreken van","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"zyn","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"possessive determiner","role":"determiner of moeder","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"moeder","lemma":"moeder","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of van","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"of","lemma":"of","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"coordinates moeder and kleur","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"complement marker in kwaad spreken van","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"definite article","role":"determiner of kleur","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"kleur","lemma":"kleur","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of van, coordinated with moeder","gloss":"color"},{"surface":"zyner","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"possessive determiner, genitive, plural","role":"determiner of haren","gloss":"of his"},{"surface":"haren","lemma":"haar","morphology":"noun, neuter, plural","role":"genitive complement of kleur","gloss":"hair"},{"surface":"zeg","lemma":"zeggen","morphology":"verb, imperative, singular","role":"head of an imperative coordinated with Spreek","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the complement clause of zeg","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hy","lemma":"hij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of heeft","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"indefinite article","role":"determiner of accent","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"amsterdamsch","lemma":"Amsterdams","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies accent","gloss":"Amsterdam"},{"surface":"accent","lemma":"accent","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of heeft","gloss":"accent"},{"surface":"heeft","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"head of the complement clause of zeg","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"wat","lemma":"wat","morphology":"relative pronoun","role":"direct object of toestemt, referring to the preceding claim","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"nooit","lemma":"nooit","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies toestemt","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"indefinite article","role":"determiner of Amsterdammer","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"Amsterdammer","lemma":"Amsterdammer","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of toestemt","gloss":"Amsterdammer"},{"surface":"toestemt","lemma":"toestemmen","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"head of the relative clause modifying the preceding claim","gloss":"admits"},{"surface":"wellicht","lemma":"wellicht","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vergeeft","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"vergeeft","lemma":"vergeven","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"main verb of the clause","gloss":"will forgive"},{"surface":"hy","lemma":"hij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of vergeeft","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"u","lemma":"u","morphology":"pronoun, dative","role":"indirect object of vergeeft","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"demonstrative determiner","role":"determiner of dingen","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"dingen","lemma":"ding","morphology":"noun, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of vergeeft","gloss":"things"},{"surface":"Maar","lemma":"maar","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"introduces a contrasting imperative","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"roer","lemma":"aanroeren","morphology":"verb, imperative, singular, separable","role":"finite base of aanroeren with particle aan","gloss":"stir"},{"surface":"nooit","lemma":"nooit","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies roer aan","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"aan","lemma":"aanroeren","morphology":"separable verbal particle","role":"particle completing roer to form aanroeren","gloss":"touch"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"definite article","role":"determiner of buitenzy","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"buitenzy","lemma":"buitenzijde","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of roer aan","gloss":"outermost edge"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking onderdeel","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"'t","lemma":"het","morphology":"definite article, elided","role":"determiner of onderdeel","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"kleinste","lemma":"klein","morphology":"adjective, superlative, inflected","role":"modifies onderdeel","gloss":"smallest"},{"surface":"onderdeel","lemma":"onderdeel","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of van modifying buitenzy","gloss":"detail"},{"surface":"eener","lemma":"een","morphology":"indefinite article, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of byzaak","gloss":"of a"},{"surface":"byzaak","lemma":"bijzaak","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"genitive complement of onderdeel","gloss":"side matter"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking iets","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"iets","lemma":"iets","morphology":"indefinite pronoun","role":"object of van modifying byzaak","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"relative pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of lag, referring to iets","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial complement of lag","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"lag","lemma":"liggen","morphology":"verb, past, singular","role":"head of the relative clause on iets","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"naast","lemma":"naast","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking geschryf","gloss":"next to"},{"surface":"zyn","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"possessive determiner","role":"determiner of geschryf","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"geschryf","lemma":"geschrijf","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of naast","gloss":"writing"},{"surface":"want","lemma":"want","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the explanatory clause of vergeeft","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"dàt","lemma":"dat","morphology":"demonstrative pronoun, emphatic","role":"direct object of vergeeft","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"vergeeft","lemma":"vergeven","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"main verb of the explanatory clause","gloss":"will forgive"},{"surface":"hy","lemma":"hij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of vergeeft","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"u","lemma":"u","morphology":"pronoun, dative","role":"indirect object of vergeeft","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates vergeeft","gloss":"not"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"h9-s8","source":"Als ge dus myn boek niet schoon vindt, en ge mocht my ontmoeten, houd u dan alsof wy elkander niet kenden.","translation":"So if you do not find my book beautiful, and you should happen to meet me, behave as though we did not know each other.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s8.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"houd u dan alsof wy elkander niet kenden","title":"Reflexive imperative + 'alsof' + reciprocal 'elkander'","body":"'houd u' is an imperative with the reflexive 'u' ('behave'); 'alsof' (as if) takes a verb-final clause with past 'kenden'; 'elkander' is the older 'each other' (modern 'elkaar')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the conditional clause of vindt","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"ge","lemma":"gij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of vindt","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"dus","lemma":"dus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the conditional clause","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"myn","lemma":"mijn","morphology":"possessive determiner","role":"determiner of boek","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"boek","lemma":"boek","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of vindt","gloss":"book"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates vindt","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"schoon","lemma":"schoon","morphology":"adjective","role":"object complement of boek after vindt","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"vindt","lemma":"vinden","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"head of the conditional clause modifying houd","gloss":"find"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"coordinates the conditional clauses of vindt and mocht ontmoeten","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ge","lemma":"gij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of mocht ontmoeten","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"mocht","lemma":"mogen","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, singular","role":"modal auxiliary of ontmoeten","gloss":"should happen to"},{"surface":"my","lemma":"mij","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of ontmoeten","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ontmoeten","lemma":"ontmoeten","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb governed by mocht","gloss":"meet"},{"surface":"houd","lemma":"houden","morphology":"verb, imperative, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"behave"},{"surface":"u","lemma":"u","morphology":"reflexive pronoun, accusative","role":"reflexive object of houd","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"dan","lemma":"dan","morphology":"adverb","role":"marks the consequence of the conditional clause","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"alsof","lemma":"alsof","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the comparative clause of kenden","gloss":"as though"},{"surface":"wy","lemma":"wij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of kenden","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"elkander","lemma":"elkander","morphology":"reciprocal pronoun","role":"direct object of kenden","gloss":"each other"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates kenden","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"kenden","lemma":"kennen","morphology":"verb, past, plural","role":"head of the comparative clause introduced by alsof","gloss":"knew"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"h9-s9","source":"Neen, zelfs zulk een hoofdstuk \"ter afwisseling\" komt me door het vergrootglas myner schryvers-ydelheid, hoogst belangryk en zelfs onmisbaar voor, en als ge het oversloegt, en daarna niet naar behooren waart ingenomen met myn boek, zou ik niet aarzelen u dat overslaan te verwyten als oorzaak dat ge myn boek niet kondet beoordeelen, want dat ge juist het essentieele niet gelezen hadt. Zóó zou ik--want ik ben man en schryver--elk hoofdstuk voor essentieel houden, dat gy hadt overgeslagen met onvergeeflyke lezerslichtzinnigheid.","translation":"No, even such a chapter \"for the sake of variety\" appears to me, through the magnifying glass of my writerly vanity, supremely important and even indispensable; and if you skipped it, and afterward were not duly taken with my book, I would not hesitate to blame that skipping as the reason you could not judge my book, for you had failed to read precisely the essential part. Thus would I—being a man and a writer—hold every chapter to be essential that you had passed over with unforgivable readerly frivolity.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s9.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"komt me ... hoogst belangryk ... voor","title":"Separable 'voorkomen' (to seem) splits wide","body":"'komt ... voor' is the separable verb 'voorkomen' meaning 'to seem/appear to someone'; the prefix 'voor' lands far to the right, after the long predicate."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"zou ik niet aarzelen u dat overslaan te verwyten","title":"Conditional zou + te-infinitive idiom","body":"'zou ... niet aarzelen ... te verwyten' = 'would not hesitate to blame'; aarzelen governs a te-infinitive, and 'iemand iets verwijten' takes a double object. 'overslaan' is nominalised here."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"elk hoofdstuk ... dat gy hadt overgeslagen","title":"gij + pluperfect of separable 'overslaan'","body":"'gy' is the literary 'you'; 'hadt overgeslagen' is the pluperfect (archaic -t on 'hadt') of separable 'overslaan' (to skip), prefix reattached in the participle."}],"words":[{"surface":"Neen","lemma":"neen","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse response","gloss":"No"},{"surface":"zelfs","lemma":"zelfs","morphology":"adverb","role":"focus modifier of hoofdstuk","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"zulk","lemma":"zulk","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of hoofdstuk","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of hoofdstuk","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hoofdstuk","lemma":"hoofdstuk","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of komt","gloss":"chapter"},{"surface":"ter","lemma":"te","morphology":"preposition fused with article","role":"introduces ter afwisseling","gloss":"for the"},{"surface":"afwisseling","lemma":"afwisseling","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of ter","gloss":"variety"},{"surface":"komt","lemma":"komen","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"finite base of komt ... voor","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, dative","role":"indirect object of komt ... voor","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"door","lemma":"door","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vergrootglas","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of vergrootglas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vergrootglas","lemma":"vergrootglas","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of door","gloss":"magnifying glass"},{"surface":"myner","lemma":"mijn","morphology":"possessive pronoun, genitive, singular","role":"possessor of schryvers-ydelheid","gloss":"of my","note":"Myner is the old genitive form of modern mijn."},{"surface":"schryvers-ydelheid","lemma":"schrijversijdelheid","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"genitive complement of vergrootglas","gloss":"writerly vanity","note":"Schryvers-ydelheid uses nineteenth-century y where modern Dutch writes ij."},{"surface":"hoogst","lemma":"hoogst","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies belangryk","gloss":"supremely"},{"surface":"belangryk","lemma":"belangrijk","morphology":"adjective","role":"predicative complement of komt ... voor","gloss":"important"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"zelfs","lemma":"zelfs","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies onmisbaar","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"onmisbaar","lemma":"onmisbaar","morphology":"adjective","role":"predicative complement coordinated with belangryk","gloss":"indispensable"},{"surface":"voor","lemma":"voor","morphology":"separable verb particle","role":"particle of komt ... voor","gloss":"appears"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links main clause to conditional clause","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of oversloegt","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"ge","lemma":"gij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of oversloegt","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of oversloegt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"oversloegt","lemma":"overslaan","morphology":"verb, past, second person singular","role":"verb of als-clause","gloss":"skipped","note":"Oversloegt is an older second-person singular past form of overslaan."},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"daarna","lemma":"daarna","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ingenomen","gloss":"afterward"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ingenomen","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"naar","lemma":"naar","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of naar behooren","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"behooren","lemma":"behoren","morphology":"verb, infinitive used nominally","role":"part of naar behooren","gloss":"properly","note":"Naar behooren is an older spelling of naar behoren, meaning “properly” or “as one should.”"},{"surface":"waart","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, past, second person singular","role":"copula linking to ingenomen","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"ingenomen","lemma":"innemen","morphology":"past participle used adjectivally","role":"predicative complement of waart","gloss":"taken"},{"surface":"met","lemma":"met","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces complement of ingenomen","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"myn","lemma":"mijn","morphology":"possessive determiner","role":"determiner of boek","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"boek","lemma":"boek","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of met","gloss":"book"},{"surface":"zou","lemma":"zullen","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, singular","role":"auxiliary of aarzelen","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of aarzelen","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies aarzelen","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"aarzelen","lemma":"aarzelen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive governed by zou","gloss":"hesitate"},{"surface":"u","lemma":"u","morphology":"pronoun, dative","role":"indirect object of verwyten","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"demonstrative determiner","role":"determiner of overslaan","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"overslaan","lemma":"overslaan","morphology":"verbal noun, infinitive","role":"direct object of verwyten","gloss":"skipping"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"infinitive marker","role":"marks infinitive verwyten","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"verwyten","lemma":"verwijten","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive governed by aarzelen","gloss":"blame"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces predicative complement oorzaak","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"oorzaak","lemma":"oorzaak","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"predicative complement of verwyten","gloss":"the reason"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of beoordeelen","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ge","lemma":"gij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of kondet","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"myn","lemma":"mijn","morphology":"possessive determiner","role":"determiner of boek","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"boek","lemma":"boek","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of beoordeelen","gloss":"book"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies beoordeelen","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"kondet","lemma":"kunnen","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, second person singular","role":"modal auxiliary of beoordeelen","gloss":"could","note":"Kondet is an older second-person singular past form of kunnen."},{"surface":"beoordeelen","lemma":"beoordelen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive governed by kondet","gloss":"judge"},{"surface":"want","lemma":"want","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces explanatory content clause","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ge","lemma":"gij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of hadt","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"juist","lemma":"juist","morphology":"adverb","role":"focuses essentieele","gloss":"precisely"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of essentieele","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"essentieele","lemma":"essentieel","morphology":"substantivized adjective, neuter singular","role":"direct object of gelezen","gloss":"essential part"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gelezen","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"gelezen","lemma":"lezen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"past participle governed by hadt","gloss":"read"},{"surface":"hadt","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, second person singular","role":"auxiliary of gelezen","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"Zóó","lemma":"zo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies houden","gloss":"Thus"},{"surface":"zou","lemma":"zullen","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, singular","role":"auxiliary of houden","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of houden","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"want","lemma":"want","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces parenthetical explanation","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of man","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ben","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"copula linking to man","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"predicative complement of ben","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"schryver","lemma":"schrijver","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"predicative complement coordinated with man","gloss":"writer"},{"surface":"elk","lemma":"elk","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of hoofdstuk","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"hoofdstuk","lemma":"hoofdstuk","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of houden","gloss":"chapter"},{"surface":"voor","lemma":"voor","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces predicative complement essentieel","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"essentieel","lemma":"essentieel","morphology":"adjective","role":"complement of houden","gloss":"essential"},{"surface":"houden","lemma":"houden","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive governed by zou","gloss":"hold"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"relative pronoun, neuter singular","role":"direct object of overgeslagen; refers to hoofdstuk","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"gy","lemma":"gij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of hadt","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"hadt","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, second person singular","role":"auxiliary of overgeslagen","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"overgeslagen","lemma":"overslaan","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"past participle in relative clause","gloss":"skipped"},{"surface":"met","lemma":"met","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lezerslichtzinnigheid","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"onvergeeflyke","lemma":"onvergeeflijk","morphology":"adjective, inflected","role":"modifies lezerslichtzinnigheid","gloss":"unforgivable"},{"surface":"lezerslichtzinnigheid","lemma":"lezerslichtzinnigheid","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of overgeslagen","gloss":"readerly frivolity"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"h9-s10","source":"Ik verbeeld me dat uwe vrouw vraagt: \"is er nogal wat aan dat boek?\" En ge zegt by-voorbeeld--horribile auditu voor my--met de woordenrykheid die eigen is aan gehuwde mannen:","translation":"I imagine your wife asking: \"Is there much to that book?\" And you say, for instance—horribile auditu to me—with the verbosity that comes naturally to married men:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s10.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Ik verbeeld me dat uwe vrouw vraagt","title":"Reflexive 'zich verbeelden' + possessive 'uwe'","body":"'verbeeld me' is the reflexive verb 'zich verbeelden' (to imagine); 'uwe vrouw' uses the inflected possessive 'uwe' (your), the period form of 'uw'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of verbeeld","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"verbeeld","lemma":"verbeelden","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"finite base of verbeeld me","gloss":"imagine"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ik","morphology":"reflexive pronoun","role":"reflexive object of verbeeld","gloss":"to myself"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces object clause of verbeeld","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"uwe","lemma":"uw","morphology":"possessive determiner, inflected","role":"determiner of vrouw","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"vrouw","lemma":"vrouw","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vraagt","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"vraagt","lemma":"vragen","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"clausal complement of verbeeld","gloss":"asks"},{"surface":"is","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"main verb of quoted question","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"existential adverb","role":"expletive locative with is","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"nogal","lemma":"nogal","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies wat","gloss":"rather"},{"surface":"wat","lemma":"wat","morphology":"indefinite pronoun","role":"subject of is","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"aan","lemma":"aan","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking boek","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of boek","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"boek","lemma":"boek","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of aan","gloss":"book"},{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of zegt","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"ge","lemma":"gij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of zegt","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"zegt","lemma":"zeggen","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"by-voorbeeld","lemma":"bijvoorbeeld","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies zegt","gloss":"for instance","note":"By-voorbeeld is the historical spelling and hyphenation of modern bijvoorbeeld."},{"surface":"horribile","lemma":"horribilis","morphology":"Latin adjective, neuter nominative singular","role":"modifies Latin supine auditu","gloss":"horrible"},{"surface":"auditu","lemma":"audio","morphology":"Latin verb, supine, ablative","role":"complement of horribile","gloss":"to hear","note":"Horribile auditu is Latin for “horrible to hear.”"},{"surface":"voor","lemma":"voor","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces personal complement my","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"my","lemma":"mij","morphology":"pronoun, object form","role":"object of voor","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"met","lemma":"met","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking woordenrykheid","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of woordenrykheid","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"woordenrykheid","lemma":"woordenrijkheid","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of met","gloss":"verbosity"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"relative pronoun, common gender singular","role":"subject of is; refers to woordenrykheid","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"eigen","lemma":"eigen","morphology":"adjective","role":"predicative complement of is","gloss":"natural"},{"surface":"is","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"copula linking to eigen","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"aan","lemma":"aan","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mannen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"gehuwde","lemma":"huwen","morphology":"past participle used adjectivally","role":"modifies mannen","gloss":"married"},{"surface":"mannen","lemma":"man","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"oblique complement of eigen","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"h9-s11","source":"--Hm ... zóó ... ik weet nog niet.","translation":"—Hm ... well ... I don't know yet.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hm","lemma":"hm","morphology":"interjection","role":"hesitation interjection","gloss":"Hm"},{"surface":"zóó","lemma":"zo","morphology":"adverb","role":"hesitation discourse marker","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of weet","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"weet","lemma":"weten","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies weet","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies weet","gloss":"not"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"h9-s12","source":"Welnu, barbaar, lees verder! Het belangryke staat juist voor de deur.","translation":"Well then, barbarian, read on! The important part is right at the door.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s12.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"barbaar, lees verder!","title":"Vocative + imperative","body":"'barbaar' is a vocative addressed to the reader, followed by the bare-stem imperative 'lees verder' (read on). 'staat ... voor de deur' is the idiom 'to be right at hand'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Welnu","lemma":"welnu","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse interjection","gloss":"Well then"},{"surface":"barbaar","lemma":"barbaar","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"vocative","gloss":"barbarian"},{"surface":"lees","lemma":"lezen","morphology":"verb, imperative, singular","role":"imperative main verb","gloss":"read"},{"surface":"verder","lemma":"verder","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lees","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"Het","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of belangryke","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"belangryke","lemma":"belangrijk","morphology":"substantivized adjective, neuter singular","role":"subject of staat","gloss":"important part"},{"surface":"staat","lemma":"staan","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stands"},{"surface":"juist","lemma":"juist","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies staat","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"voor","lemma":"voor","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking deur","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of deur","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"deur","lemma":"deur","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of staat","gloss":"door"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"h9-s13","source":"En met een bevende lip staar ik u aan, en meet de dikte van de omgeslagen bladen, en ik zoek op uw gelaat naar den weerschyn van 't hoofdstuk \"dat zoo mooi is ... Neen, zeg ik, hy is er nog niet.","translation":"And with a trembling lip I stare at you, and measure the thickness of the turned pages, and I search your face for some reflection of the chapter \"that is so beautiful\" ... No, I say, he is not there yet.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s13.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"staar ik u aan","title":"Separable 'aanstaren' + fronted-phrase V2","body":"Fronting 'met een bevende lip' forces V2 'staar ik'; the separable prefix 'aan' of 'aanstaren' (to stare at) drops to the end. 'bevende' is a present participle used attributively."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of staar","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"met","lemma":"met","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lip","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of lip","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bevende","lemma":"beven","morphology":"present participle used adjectivally","role":"modifies lip","gloss":"trembling"},{"surface":"lip","lemma":"lip","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of staar","gloss":"lip"},{"surface":"staar","lemma":"staren","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"finite base of staar ... aan","gloss":"stare"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of staar","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"u","lemma":"u","morphology":"pronoun, object form","role":"direct object of staar ... aan","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"aan","lemma":"aan","morphology":"separable verb particle","role":"particle of staar ... aan","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"meet","lemma":"meten","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"coordinated main verb with staar","gloss":"measure"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of dikte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"dikte","lemma":"dikte","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of meet","gloss":"thickness"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bladen","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of bladen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"omgeslagen","lemma":"omslaan","morphology":"past participle used adjectivally","role":"modifies bladen","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"bladen","lemma":"blad","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"object of van","gloss":"pages"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of zoek","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"zoek","lemma":"zoeken","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"coordinated with staar","gloss":"search"},{"surface":"op","lemma":"op","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gelaat","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"uw","lemma":"uw","morphology":"possessive determiner","role":"determiner of gelaat","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"gelaat","lemma":"gelaat","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of zoek","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"naar","lemma":"naar","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking den","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, masculine accusative singular","role":"determiner of weerschyn","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"weerschyn","lemma":"weerschijn","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of naar","gloss":"reflection"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hoofdstuk","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"'t","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of hoofdstuk","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hoofdstuk","lemma":"hoofdstuk","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of van","gloss":"chapter"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"relative pronoun, neuter singular","role":"subject of is; refers to hoofdstuk","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"zoo","lemma":"zo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mooi","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"mooi","lemma":"mooi","morphology":"adjective","role":"predicative complement of is","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"is","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"copula linking to mooi","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Neen","lemma":"neen","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse response","gloss":"No"},{"surface":"zeg","lemma":"zeggen","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"parenthetical reporting verb","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of zeg","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"hy","lemma":"hij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of is","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"is","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"main verb of clause","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies is","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies niet","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies is","gloss":"not"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"h9-s14","source":"Straks zal hy op springen, in vervoering iets omhelzen, zyn vrouw misschien. Maar ge leest verder.","translation":"In a moment he will leap up, embrace something in his rapture, his wife perhaps. But you read on.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s14.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Straks zal hy op springen","title":"Future zullen + separable 'opspringen'","body":"'zal ... op springen' is the future; the separable verb 'opspringen' (to leap up) is shown with prefix split off. Fronting 'Straks' forces V2."}],"words":[{"surface":"Straks","lemma":"straks","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies springen","gloss":"In a moment"},{"surface":"zal","lemma":"zullen","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"auxiliary of springen","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"hy","lemma":"hij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of springen","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"op","lemma":"op","morphology":"separable verb particle","role":"particle of op ... springen","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"springen","lemma":"springen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive governed by zal","gloss":"leap"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vervoering","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"vervoering","lemma":"vervoering","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of in","gloss":"rapture"},{"surface":"iets","lemma":"iets","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of omhelzen","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"omhelzen","lemma":"omhelzen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive coordinated with springen","gloss":"embrace"},{"surface":"zyn","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"possessive determiner","role":"determiner of vrouw","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"vrouw","lemma":"vrouw","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"apposition clarifying iets","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"misschien","lemma":"misschien","morphology":"adverb","role":"elliptical dependent of vrouw","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"Maar","lemma":"maar","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of leest","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"ge","lemma":"gij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of leest","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"leest","lemma":"lezen","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"read"},{"surface":"verder","lemma":"verder","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies leest","gloss":"on"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"h9-s15","source":"Het \"mooie hoofdstuk\" moet voorby wezen, dunkt me. Ge zyt in 't minst niet opgesprongen, hebt niets omhelsd.","translation":"The \"beautiful chapter\" must be past by now, it seems to me. You have not sprung up in the least, you have embraced nothing.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s15.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Het ... hoofdstuk moet voorby wezen, dunkt me","title":"Modal moeten (epistemic) + impersonal 'dunkt me'","body":"'moet voorby wezen' is epistemic moeten ('must be past'); 'dunkt me' = 'it seems to me', an impersonal verb with a dative 'me'. 'wezen' is the older infinitive of zijn."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"Ge zyt in 't minst niet opgesprongen, hebt niets omhelsd","title":"Perfect with gij + 'in 't minst niet' / 'niets'","body":"'Ge zyt ... opgesprongen' is the perfect of separable 'opspringen' (with zijn); 'hebt niets omhelsd' uses the single negative 'niets'. 'in 't minst niet' = 'not in the least'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Het","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of hoofdstuk","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"mooie","lemma":"mooi","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies hoofdstuk","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"hoofdstuk","lemma":"hoofdstuk","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of moet ... wezen","gloss":"chapter"},{"surface":"moet","lemma":"moeten","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"modal auxiliary of wezen","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"voorby","lemma":"voorbij","morphology":"adverb used predicatively","role":"predicative complement of wezen","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"wezen","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive governed by moet","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"dunkt","lemma":"dunken","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"parenthetical main verb","gloss":"seems"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, dative","role":"indirect object of dunkt","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"Ge","lemma":"gij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of zyt and hebt","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"zyt","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, second person singular","role":"auxiliary of opgesprongen","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of fixed phrase in het minst","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"'t","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner","role":"part of fixed phrase in het minst","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"minst","lemma":"weinig","morphology":"superlative adjective used nominally","role":"part of fixed phrase in het minst","gloss":"least"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies opgesprongen","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"opgesprongen","lemma":"opspringen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"past participle governed by zyt","gloss":"sprung up"},{"surface":"hebt","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"auxiliary of omhelsd; shares subject Ge","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"niets","lemma":"niets","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of omhelsd","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"omhelsd","lemma":"omhelzen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"past participle governed by hebt","gloss":"embraced"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"h9-s16","source":"En al dunner wordt de bundel bladen onder uw rechterduim, en al schraler wordt myn hoop op die omhelzing ... ja, waarachtig, ik had zelfs staat-gemaakt op een traan!","translation":"And ever thinner grows the wad of pages under your right thumb, and ever leaner grows my hope for that embrace ... yes, truly, I had even counted on a tear!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s16.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"En al dunner wordt de bundel bladen ... en al schraler wordt myn hoop","title":"Correlative 'al ... wordt' (ever more) + V2","body":"Fronting 'al dunner' / 'al schraler' ('ever thinner / leaner') forces V2 'wordt'; 'worden' here is the process verb 'to grow/become'. A parallel rhetorical build."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of wordt","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dunner","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"dunner","lemma":"dun","morphology":"adjective, comparative","role":"predicative complement of wordt","gloss":"thinner"},{"surface":"wordt","lemma":"worden","morphology":"verb, present, third-person singular","role":"main verb of the first clause","gloss":"grows"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, definite","role":"determiner of bundel","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"bundel","lemma":"bundel","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of wordt","gloss":"wad"},{"surface":"bladen","lemma":"blad","morphology":"noun, neuter, plural","role":"noun complement of bundel","gloss":"of pages"},{"surface":"onder","lemma":"onder","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the prepositional phrase modifying bundel","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"uw","lemma":"uw","morphology":"possessive determiner, second-person formal","role":"possessive determiner of rechterduim","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"rechterduim","lemma":"rechterduim","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of onder","gloss":"right thumb"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinates the two clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies schraler","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"schraler","lemma":"schraal","morphology":"adjective, comparative","role":"predicative complement of wordt","gloss":"leaner"},{"surface":"wordt","lemma":"worden","morphology":"verb, present, third-person singular","role":"main verb of the second coordinated clause","gloss":"grows"},{"surface":"myn","lemma":"mijn","morphology":"possessive determiner, first-person singular","role":"possessive determiner of hoop","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"hoop","lemma":"hoop","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of wordt","gloss":"hope"},{"surface":"op","lemma":"op","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the complement of hoop","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"demonstrative determiner","role":"determiner of omhelzing","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"omhelzing","lemma":"omhelzing","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of op","gloss":"embrace"},{"surface":"ja","lemma":"ja","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker introducing the exclamation","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"waarachtig","lemma":"waarachtig","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence adverb modifying had staat-gemaakt","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"personal pronoun, first-person singular, nominative","role":"subject of had staat-gemaakt","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"had","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, first-person singular","role":"auxiliary of staat-gemaakt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"zelfs","lemma":"zelfs","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies had staat-gemaakt","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"staat-gemaakt","lemma":"staatmaken","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"main verb of the final clause","gloss":"counted","note":"The dated expression staat maken op means ‘to count or rely on.’"},{"surface":"op","lemma":"op","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the complement of staat-gemaakt","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"determiner, indefinite","role":"determiner of traan","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"traan","lemma":"traan","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of op","gloss":"tear"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"h9-s17","source":"En ge hebt den roman uitgelezen tot \"waar ze elkaar krygen\" toe, en ge zegt--een andere vorm, van welsprekendheid in den echtestaat--geeuwend:","translation":"And you have read the novel through to where \"they get each other,\" and you say—another form of eloquence in the married state—with a yawn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s17.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ge hebt den roman uitgelezen ... ge zegt ... geeuwend","title":"Perfect of separable 'uitlezen' + present participle","body":"'hebt ... uitgelezen' is the perfect of 'uitlezen' (to finish reading); 'geeuwend' is the present participle of geeuwen used adverbially ('with a yawn'). 'in den echtestaat' keeps the dative -en."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hebt uitgelezen","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"ge","lemma":"ge","morphology":"personal pronoun, second-person singular, nominative","role":"subject of hebt uitgelezen","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"hebt","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, second-person singular","role":"auxiliary of uitgelezen","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, definite, historical masculine form","role":"determiner of roman","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"roman","lemma":"roman","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of uitgelezen","gloss":"novel"},{"surface":"uitgelezen","lemma":"uitlezen","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"main verb with auxiliary hebt","gloss":"read through"},{"surface":"tot","lemma":"tot","morphology":"preposition","role":"first part of circumposition tot ... toe","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"waar","lemma":"waar","morphology":"relative adverb","role":"introduces the relative clause of krijgen","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"ze","lemma":"ze","morphology":"personal pronoun, third-person plural, nominative","role":"subject of krijgen","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"elkaar","lemma":"elkaar","morphology":"reciprocal pronoun","role":"direct object of krijgen","gloss":"each other"},{"surface":"krygen","lemma":"krijgen","morphology":"verb, present, third-person plural","role":"main verb of the relative clause","gloss":"get"},{"surface":"toe","lemma":"toe","morphology":"adverbial particle","role":"second part of circumposition tot ... toe","gloss":"up to"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinates hebt uitgelezen and zegt","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ge","lemma":"ge","morphology":"personal pronoun, second-person singular, nominative","role":"subject of zegt","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"zegt","lemma":"zeggen","morphology":"verb, present, second-person singular","role":"main verb of the coordinated clause","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"determiner, indefinite","role":"determiner of vorm","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"andere","lemma":"ander","morphology":"adjective, attributive","role":"modifies vorm","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"vorm","lemma":"vorm","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"head of the parenthetical apposition to geeuwend","gloss":"form"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the complement of vorm","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"welsprekendheid","lemma":"welsprekendheid","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of van","gloss":"eloquence"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the prepositional phrase modifying welsprekendheid","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, definite, historical masculine form","role":"determiner of echtestaat","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"echtestaat","lemma":"echtestaat","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of in","gloss":"married state","note":"A dated compound meaning the state of being married."},{"surface":"geeuwend","lemma":"geeuwen","morphology":"verb, present participle","role":"depictive adjunct modifying ge at zegt","gloss":"yawning"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"h9-s18","source":"--Zóó ... zóó! 't Is een boek dat ... hm!","translation":"—Well ... well! It is a book that ... hm!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s18.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Zóó","lemma":"zo","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse response","gloss":"Well","note":"The emphatic older spelling zóó is modern zo; here it is a noncommittal response."},{"surface":"zóó","lemma":"zo","morphology":"interjection","role":"repeated discourse response","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"'t","lemma":"het","morphology":"personal pronoun, third-person neuter singular","role":"subject of is","gloss":"It"},{"surface":"Is","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"copular verb, present, third-person singular","role":"copula linking subject 't to boek","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"determiner, indefinite","role":"determiner of boek","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"boek","lemma":"boek","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"predicative complement of is","gloss":"book"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"relative pronoun, neuter singular","role":"introduces an unfinished relative clause modifying boek","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hm","lemma":"hm","morphology":"interjection","role":"marks hesitation in the unfinished clause","gloss":"hm"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"h9-s19","source":"Och, ze schryven zoo véél tegenwoordig! Maar weet ge dan niet, ondier, tyger, Europeaan, lezer, weet ge dan niet dat ge daar een uur hebt doorgebracht met byten op myn geest als op een tandenstoker?","translation":"Ah, they write so much these days! But do you not know then, you brute, you tiger, you European, you reader, do you not know that you have just spent an hour there gnawing at my mind as at a toothpick?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s19.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"weet ge dan niet ... dat ge ... hebt doorgebracht","title":"gij + dat-clause + perfect of separable 'doorbrengen'","body":"'weet ge ... niet' is a rhetorical question with literary 'ge'; the 'dat' clause is verb-final with 'hebt doorgebracht' (perfect of separable 'doorbrengen', to spend time). 'byten op' = 'gnawing at'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Och","lemma":"och","morphology":"interjection","role":"introduces the exclamation","gloss":"Ah"},{"surface":"ze","lemma":"ze","morphology":"personal pronoun, third-person plural, nominative","role":"subject of schrijven","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"schryven","lemma":"schrijven","morphology":"verb, present, third-person plural","role":"main verb of the first sentence","gloss":"write"},{"surface":"zoo","lemma":"zo","morphology":"degree adverb","role":"modifies veel","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"véél","lemma":"veel","morphology":"indefinite pronoun, emphatic","role":"direct object of schrijven","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"tegenwoordig","lemma":"tegenwoordig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies schrijven","gloss":"these days"},{"surface":"Maar","lemma":"maar","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the contrasting question","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"weet","lemma":"weten","morphology":"verb, present, second-person singular","role":"main verb of the first question","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"ge","lemma":"ge","morphology":"personal pronoun, second-person singular, nominative","role":"subject of weet","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"dan","lemma":"dan","morphology":"modal adverb","role":"modifies weet","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates weet","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ondier","lemma":"ondier","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"vocative addressing ge","gloss":"brute"},{"surface":"tyger","lemma":"tijger","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"vocative addressing ge","gloss":"tiger","note":"Historical spelling of modern Dutch tijger."},{"surface":"Europeaan","lemma":"Europeaan","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"vocative addressing ge","gloss":"European"},{"surface":"lezer","lemma":"lezer","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"vocative addressing ge","gloss":"reader"},{"surface":"weet","lemma":"weten","morphology":"verb, present, second-person singular","role":"repeated main verb governing the dat-clause","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"ge","lemma":"ge","morphology":"personal pronoun, second-person singular, nominative","role":"subject of weet","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"dan","lemma":"dan","morphology":"modal adverb","role":"modifies weet","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates weet","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the object clause of weet","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ge","lemma":"ge","morphology":"personal pronoun, second-person singular, nominative","role":"subject of hebt doorgebracht","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"daar","lemma":"daar","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hebt doorgebracht","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"determiner, indefinite","role":"determiner of uur","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"uur","lemma":"uur","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"duration adjunct of hebt doorgebracht","gloss":"hour"},{"surface":"hebt","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, second-person singular","role":"auxiliary of doorgebracht","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"doorgebracht","lemma":"doorbrengen","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"main verb of the object clause","gloss":"spent"},{"surface":"met","lemma":"met","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the manner phrase headed by bijten","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"byten","lemma":"bijten","morphology":"verb, infinitive used as noun","role":"object of met","gloss":"gnawing","note":"Historical spelling of modern Dutch bijten."},{"surface":"op","lemma":"op","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the complement of bijten","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"myn","lemma":"mijn","morphology":"possessive determiner, first-person singular","role":"possessive determiner of geest","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"geest","lemma":"geest","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of op","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"comparative conjunction","role":"introduces the comparison with tandenstoker","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"op","lemma":"op","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the object in the elliptical comparison","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"determiner, indefinite","role":"determiner of tandenstoker","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tandenstoker","lemma":"tandenstoker","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of op in the comparison","gloss":"toothpick"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"h9-s20","source":"Met knagen en kauwen op vleesch en been van uw geslacht?","translation":"Chewing and crunching on the flesh and bone of your own kind?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s20.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Met","lemma":"met","morphology":"preposition","role":"continues the manner phrase from doorgebracht in h9-s19","gloss":"With"},{"surface":"knagen","lemma":"knagen","morphology":"verb, infinitive used as noun","role":"object of met","gloss":"gnawing"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinates knagen and kauwen","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"kauwen","lemma":"kauwen","morphology":"verb, infinitive used as noun","role":"coordinated object of met","gloss":"chewing"},{"surface":"op","lemma":"op","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the complement of knagen and kauwen","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"vleesch","lemma":"vlees","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of op","gloss":"flesh","note":"Historical spelling of modern Dutch vlees."},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinates vleesch and been","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"been","lemma":"been","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated object of op","gloss":"bone"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the complement of vleesch en been","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"uw","lemma":"uw","morphology":"possessive determiner, second-person formal","role":"possessive determiner of geslacht","gloss":"your own"},{"surface":"geslacht","lemma":"geslacht","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of van","gloss":"kind"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"h9-s21","source":"Menscheneter, daarin stak myn ziel, myn ziel die ge hebt vermaald als eens gegeten gras! 't Was myn hart dat ge daar hebt opgeslikt als een versnapering! Want in dat boek had ik dat hart en die ziel neergelegd, en er vielen zooveel tranen op dat handschrift, en myn bloed week weg uit de âren naarmate ik voortschreef, en ik gaf u dat alles, en dat kocht ge voor weinige stuivers ... en ge zegt: hm!","translation":"Cannibal, my soul was lodged in there, my soul that you have ground up like once-eaten grass! It was my heart that you gulped down there like a little treat! For into that book I had laid that heart and that soul, and so many tears fell on that manuscript, and my blood drained from my veins as I wrote on, and I gave you all of it, and that you bought for a few pennies ... and you say: hm!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s21.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"myn ziel die ge hebt vermaald als eens gegeten gras","title":"Relative 'die' + perfect with gij","body":"'die' relativises 'myn ziel'; 'hebt vermaald' is the perfect of vermalen (to grind up) with literary 'ge'. 'eens gegeten gras' uses the participle 'gegeten' attributively ('once-eaten grass')."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"er vielen zooveel tranen op dat handschrift","title":"Existential 'er' + strong imperfect 'vielen'","body":"'er vielen ... tranen' uses existential 'er' with an indefinite plural subject ('so many tears fell'); 'vielen' is the strong imperfect of vallen. 'myn bloed week weg' has separable 'wegwijken'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Menscheneter","lemma":"menseneter","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"vocative addressing the reader","gloss":"Cannibal","note":"Historical spelling of modern Dutch menseneter."},{"surface":"daarin","lemma":"daarin","morphology":"pronominal adverb","role":"locative complement of stak","gloss":"in there"},{"surface":"stak","lemma":"steken","morphology":"verb, past, third-person singular","role":"main verb of the clause","gloss":"was lodged"},{"surface":"myn","lemma":"mijn","morphology":"possessive determiner, first-person singular","role":"possessive determiner of ziel","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ziel","lemma":"ziel","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of stak","gloss":"soul"},{"surface":"myn","lemma":"mijn","morphology":"possessive determiner, first-person singular","role":"possessive determiner of ziel","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ziel","lemma":"ziel","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"apposition to the subject ziel","gloss":"soul"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"relative pronoun, common gender singular","role":"direct object of hebt vermaald","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ge","lemma":"ge","morphology":"personal pronoun, second-person singular, nominative","role":"subject of hebt vermaald","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"hebt","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, second-person singular","role":"auxiliary of vermaald","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"vermaald","lemma":"vermalen","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"main verb of the relative clause","gloss":"ground up"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"comparative conjunction","role":"introduces the comparison with gras","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"eens","lemma":"eens","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gegeten","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"gegeten","lemma":"eten","morphology":"verb, past participle used attributively","role":"modifies gras","gloss":"eaten"},{"surface":"gras","lemma":"gras","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"complement of als","gloss":"grass"},{"surface":"'t","lemma":"het","morphology":"personal pronoun, third-person neuter singular","role":"anticipatory subject of was","gloss":"It"},{"surface":"Was","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"copular verb, past, third-person singular","role":"copula linking 't to hart","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"myn","lemma":"mijn","morphology":"possessive determiner, first-person singular","role":"possessive determiner of hart","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"hart","lemma":"hart","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"predicative complement of was","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"relative pronoun, neuter singular","role":"direct object of hebt opgeslikt","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ge","lemma":"ge","morphology":"personal pronoun, second-person singular, nominative","role":"subject of hebt opgeslikt","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"daar","lemma":"daar","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hebt opgeslikt","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"hebt","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, second-person singular","role":"auxiliary of opgeslikt","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"opgeslikt","lemma":"opslikken","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"main verb of the relative clause","gloss":"gulped down"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"comparative conjunction","role":"introduces the comparison with versnapering","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"determiner, indefinite","role":"determiner of versnapering","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"versnapering","lemma":"versnapering","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"complement of als","gloss":"little treat"},{"surface":"Want","lemma":"want","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the explanatory clause","gloss":"For"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the fronted locative complement of neergelegd","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"demonstrative determiner","role":"determiner of boek","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"boek","lemma":"boek","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of in","gloss":"book"},{"surface":"had","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, first-person singular","role":"auxiliary of neergelegd","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"personal pronoun, first-person singular, nominative","role":"subject of had neergelegd","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"demonstrative determiner","role":"determiner of hart","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hart","lemma":"hart","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of neergelegd","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinates hart and ziel","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"demonstrative determiner","role":"determiner of ziel","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ziel","lemma":"ziel","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated direct object of neergelegd","gloss":"soul"},{"surface":"neergelegd","lemma":"neerleggen","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"main verb with auxiliary had","gloss":"laid"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinates the clause of vielen with the preceding clause","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"presentative adverb","role":"presentative element in the clause of vielen","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"vielen","lemma":"vallen","morphology":"verb, past, third-person plural","role":"main verb of the coordinated clause","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"zooveel","lemma":"zoveel","morphology":"indefinite quantifying determiner","role":"quantifies tranen","gloss":"so many"},{"surface":"tranen","lemma":"traan","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"subject of vielen","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"op","lemma":"op","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the directional complement of vielen","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"demonstrative determiner","role":"determiner of handschrift","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"handschrift","lemma":"handschrift","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of op","gloss":"manuscript"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinates the clause of week with the preceding clause","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"myn","lemma":"mijn","morphology":"possessive determiner, first-person singular","role":"possessive determiner of bloed","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"bloed","lemma":"bloed","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of week","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"week","lemma":"wijken","morphology":"verb, past, third-person singular","role":"finite base of week ... weg","gloss":"receded"},{"surface":"weg","lemma":"weg","morphology":"separable verb particle","role":"particle of week ... weg","gloss":"drained away"},{"surface":"uit","lemma":"uit","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the source complement of week weg","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, definite","role":"determiner of âren","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"âren","lemma":"ader","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"object of uit","gloss":"veins","note":"Archaic contracted plural of ader, ‘vein’; the definite article has possessive force here."},{"surface":"naarmate","lemma":"naarmate","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the proportional temporal clause","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"personal pronoun, first-person singular, nominative","role":"subject of voortschreef","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"voortschreef","lemma":"voortschrijven","morphology":"verb, past, first-person singular","role":"main verb of the naarmate-clause","gloss":"wrote on"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinates the clause of gaf with the preceding clause","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"personal pronoun, first-person singular, nominative","role":"subject of gaf","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"gaf","lemma":"geven","morphology":"verb, past, first-person singular","role":"main verb of the coordinated clause","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"u","lemma":"u","morphology":"personal pronoun, second-person formal, indirect object","role":"indirect object of gaf","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"demonstrative determiner","role":"determiner of alles","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"alles","lemma":"alles","morphology":"indefinite pronoun","role":"direct object of gaf","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinates the clause of kocht with the preceding clause","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"demonstrative pronoun, neuter singular","role":"fronted direct object of kocht","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"kocht","lemma":"kopen","morphology":"verb, past, second-person singular","role":"main verb of the coordinated clause","gloss":"bought"},{"surface":"ge","lemma":"ge","morphology":"personal pronoun, second-person singular, nominative","role":"subject of kocht","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"voor","lemma":"voor","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the price complement of kocht","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"weinige","lemma":"weinig","morphology":"indefinite quantifying determiner","role":"quantifies stuivers","gloss":"a few"},{"surface":"stuivers","lemma":"stuiver","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"object of voor","gloss":"pennies"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinates the clause of zegt with the preceding clause","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ge","lemma":"ge","morphology":"personal pronoun, second-person singular, nominative","role":"subject of zegt","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"zegt","lemma":"zeggen","morphology":"verb, present, second-person singular","role":"main verb of the final coordinated clause","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"hm","lemma":"hm","morphology":"interjection","role":"quoted utterance and direct object of zegt","gloss":"hm"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"h9-s22","source":"De lezer begrypt dat ik hier niet spreek van myn boek.","translation":"The reader understands that I am not speaking here of my own book.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s22.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, definite","role":"determiner of lezer","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"lezer","lemma":"lezer","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of begrijpt","gloss":"reader"},{"surface":"begrypt","lemma":"begrijpen","morphology":"verb, present, third-person singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"understands"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the object clause of begrijpt","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"personal pronoun, first-person singular, nominative","role":"subject of spreek","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"hier","lemma":"hier","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies spreek","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates spreek","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"spreek","lemma":"spreken","morphology":"verb, present, first-person singular","role":"main verb of the object clause","gloss":"am speaking"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the complement of spreek","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"myn","lemma":"mijn","morphology":"possessive determiner, first-person singular","role":"possessive determiner of boek","gloss":"my own"},{"surface":"boek","lemma":"boek","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of van","gloss":"book"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"h9-s23","source":"Zoodat ik maar zeggen wil, om met Abraham Blankaart te spreken ...","translation":"So that all I mean to say, to put it with Abraham Blankaart ...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s23.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"om met Abraham Blankaart te spreken","title":"Purpose clause om ... te","body":"'om ... te spreken' frames a purpose ('to put it, to speak with...'). The set phrase 'om zo te zeggen' belongs to the same construction."}],"words":[{"surface":"Zoodat","lemma":"zodat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the unfinished clause of wil","gloss":"So that"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"personal pronoun, first-person singular, nominative","role":"subject of wil","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"maar","lemma":"maar","morphology":"focus adverb","role":"modifies zeggen wil","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"zeggen","lemma":"zeggen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitival complement of wil","gloss":"to say"},{"surface":"wil","lemma":"willen","morphology":"modal verb, present, first-person singular","role":"main verb of the unfinished clause","gloss":"mean"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating particle","role":"introduces the parenthetical infinitive clause","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"met","lemma":"met","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the complement of spreken","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Abraham","lemma":"Abraham","morphology":"proper noun","role":"first part of the name Abraham Blankaart, object of met","gloss":"Abraham"},{"surface":"Blankaart","lemma":"Blankaart","morphology":"proper noun","role":"second part of the name Abraham Blankaart","gloss":"Blankaart"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"infinitive marker","role":"marks the infinitive spreken","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"spreken","lemma":"spreken","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"head of the parenthetical infinitive clause","gloss":"put it"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"h9-s24","source":"--Wie is dat, Abraham Blankaart? vroeg Louise Rosemeyer, en Frits vertelde het haar, wat me groot genoegen deed, want dit gaf my gelegenheid eens optestaan en, voor dien avend althans, een eind te maken aan de voorlezing.","translation":"—Who is that, Abraham Blankaart? asked Louise Rosemeyer, and Frits told her, which gave me great pleasure, for it gave me the chance to get up for once and, for that evening at least, to bring the reading to an end.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s24.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"dit gaf my gelegenheid eens optestaan","title":"te-infinitive of separable 'opstaan'","body":"'gelegenheid ... optestaan' (= 'op te staan') is 'opportunity to get up', the te-infinitive of separable 'opstaan' written joined in 1860 style. 'gaf' is the strong imperfect of geven."}],"words":[{"surface":"Wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"interrogative pronoun","role":"subject complement of is","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"is","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"copula linking Wie and dat","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"demonstrative pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of is","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Abraham","lemma":"Abraham","morphology":"proper noun","role":"apposition identifying dat","gloss":"Abraham"},{"surface":"Blankaart","lemma":"Blankaart","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Abraham Blankaart","gloss":"Blankaart"},{"surface":"vroeg","lemma":"vragen","morphology":"verb, past, singular","role":"main verb of the quotation frame","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"Louise","lemma":"Louise","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of vroeg","gloss":"Louise"},{"surface":"Rosemeyer","lemma":"Rosemeyer","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Louise Rosemeyer","gloss":"Rosemeyer"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"links vroeg and vertelde","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Frits","lemma":"Frits","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of vertelde","gloss":"Frits"},{"surface":"vertelde","lemma":"vertellen","morphology":"verb, past, singular","role":"coordinated verb with vroeg","gloss":"told"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"personal pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of vertelde","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"haar","lemma":"haar","morphology":"personal pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of vertelde","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"wat","lemma":"wat","morphology":"relative pronoun","role":"subject of deed; refers to preceding clause","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"me","morphology":"personal pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of deed","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"groot","lemma":"groot","morphology":"adjective, attributive","role":"modifies genoegen","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"genoegen","lemma":"genoegen","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of deed","gloss":"pleasure"},{"surface":"deed","lemma":"doen","morphology":"verb, past, singular","role":"verb of relative clause introduced by wat","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"want","lemma":"want","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"introduces explanatory clause","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"dit","lemma":"dit","morphology":"demonstrative pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of gaf","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"gaf","lemma":"geven","morphology":"verb, past, singular","role":"main verb of clause introduced by want","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"my","lemma":"mij","morphology":"personal pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of gaf","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"gelegenheid","lemma":"gelegenheid","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of gaf","gloss":"the chance"},{"surface":"eens","lemma":"eens","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies op te staan","gloss":"for once"},{"surface":"optestaan","lemma":"opstaan","morphology":"verb, infinitive with te","role":"infinitive complement of gelegenheid","gloss":"to get up","note":"Historical spelling joins modern op te staan."},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"links op te staan and te maken","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"voor","lemma":"voor","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces time phrase voor dien avend","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"dien","lemma":"die","morphology":"demonstrative determiner, masculine accusative singular","role":"determiner of avend after voor","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"avend","lemma":"avond","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of voor","gloss":"evening"},{"surface":"althans","lemma":"althans","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies voor dien avend","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"indefinite article","role":"determiner of eind","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"eind","lemma":"eind","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of maken","gloss":"end"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"infinitive marker","role":"marks infinitive maken","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"maken","lemma":"maken","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with opstaan","gloss":"bring"},{"surface":"aan","lemma":"aan","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces complement of een eind maken","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"definite article","role":"determiner of voorlezing","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"voorlezing","lemma":"voorlezing","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of aan","gloss":"reading"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"h9-s25","source":"Ge weet dat ik makelaar in koffi ben --Lauriergracht N° 37--en dat ik alles over heb voor myn vak.","translation":"You know that I am a broker in coffee—Lauriergracht No. 37—and that I will do anything for my trade.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s25.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"dat ik alles over heb voor myn vak","title":"dat-clause + separable 'overhebben'","body":"'dat' sends the verb to the end; 'alles over heb' is the separable 'overhebben voor' (to be willing to give anything for). 'myn vak' = my trade."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ge","lemma":"ge","morphology":"personal pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of weet","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"weet","lemma":"weten","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces first object clause of weet","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"personal pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of ben","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"makelaar","lemma":"makelaar","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject complement of ben","gloss":"a broker"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces field of trade","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"koffi","lemma":"koffie","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of in","gloss":"coffee"},{"surface":"ben","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"copula linking ik and makelaar","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"Lauriergracht","lemma":"Lauriergracht","morphology":"proper noun","role":"street name in parenthetical address","gloss":"Lauriergracht"},{"surface":"N","lemma":"nummer","morphology":"abbreviation","role":"introduces house number 37","gloss":"No."},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"links the two object clauses of weet","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces second object clause of weet","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"personal pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of heb","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"alles","lemma":"alles","morphology":"indefinite pronoun","role":"direct object of overhebben","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"over","lemma":"over","morphology":"separable verb particle","role":"particle of overhebben; supplies idiomatic sense","gloss":"will do"},{"surface":"heb","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"finite base of overhebben","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"voor","lemma":"voor","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces beneficiary of overhebben","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"myn","lemma":"mijn","morphology":"possessive determiner, singular","role":"determiner of vak","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"vak","lemma":"vak","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of voor","gloss":"trade"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"h9-s26","source":"Ieder zal dus kunnen nagaan, hoe weinig ik tevreden was met het werk van Stern.","translation":"Anyone, then, will be able to gather how little satisfied I was with Stern's work.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s26.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"hoe weinig ik tevreden was met het werk van Stern","title":"Indirect exclamative 'hoe ... was' (verb-final)","body":"'hoe weinig ik tevreden was' is an embedded exclamative behaving like a subclause: the verb 'was' goes to the end. 'zal ... kunnen nagaan' stacks future + modal + separable infinitive."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ieder","lemma":"ieder","morphology":"indefinite pronoun, singular","role":"subject of zal","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"zal","lemma":"zullen","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"future auxiliary of kunnen nagaan","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"dus","lemma":"dus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kunnen nagaan","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"kunnen","lemma":"kunnen","morphology":"modal verb, infinitive","role":"modal auxiliary of nagaan","gloss":"be able to"},{"surface":"nagaan","lemma":"nagaan","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main infinitive governed by zal kunnen","gloss":"gather"},{"surface":"hoe","lemma":"hoe","morphology":"degree adverb","role":"modifies weinig","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"weinig","lemma":"weinig","morphology":"degree adverb","role":"modifies tevreden","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"personal pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of was","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"tevreden","lemma":"tevreden","morphology":"adjective, predicative","role":"subject complement of was","gloss":"satisfied"},{"surface":"was","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, past, singular","role":"copula linking ik and tevreden","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"met","lemma":"met","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces complement of tevreden","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"definite article","role":"determiner of werk","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"werk","lemma":"werk","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of met","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces possessor of werk","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Stern","lemma":"Stern","morphology":"proper noun","role":"object of van","gloss":"Stern"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"h9-s27","source":"Ik had op koffi gehoopt, en hy gaf ons ... ja, de hemel weet, wàt!","translation":"I had hoped for coffee, and he gave us ... well, heaven knows what!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s27.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Ik had op koffi gehoopt","title":"Pluperfect + fixed preposition 'hopen op'","body":"'had ... gehoopt' is the pluperfect (imperfect of hebben + participle); 'hopen op' takes the fixed preposition 'op' ('hoped for'). 'koffi' is period spelling."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"personal pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of had gehoopt","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"had","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, singular","role":"perfect auxiliary of gehoopt","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"op","lemma":"op","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces complement of gehoopt","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"koffi","lemma":"koffie","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of op","gloss":"coffee"},{"surface":"gehoopt","lemma":"hopen","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"main verb of had gehoopt","gloss":"hoped"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"links had gehoopt and gaf","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hy","lemma":"hij","morphology":"personal pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of gaf","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"gaf","lemma":"geven","morphology":"verb, past, singular","role":"coordinated main verb with had gehoopt","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"ons","lemma":"ons","morphology":"personal pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of gaf","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"ja","lemma":"ja","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker before de hemel weet","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"definite article","role":"determiner of hemel","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hemel","lemma":"hemel","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of weet","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"weet","lemma":"weten","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"verb of parenthetical clause","gloss":"knows"},{"surface":"wàt","lemma":"wat","morphology":"interrogative pronoun","role":"direct object of gaf","gloss":"what"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"h9-s28","source":"Met zyn opstel heeft hy ons al drie kransavenden beziggehouden, en, wat het ergste is, de Rosemeyers vinden het mooi.","translation":"With his essay he has already kept us busy for three reading-circle evenings, and, what is worst of all, the Rosemeyers find it beautiful.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s28.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"heeft hy ons al drie kransavenden beziggehouden","title":"Perfect + V2 inversion + separable 'bezighouden'","body":"Fronting 'Met zyn opstel' forces V2 'heeft hy'; 'beziggehouden' is the perfect of separable 'bezighouden' (to keep occupied). 'kransavenden' is a compound (krans + avond)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Met","lemma":"met","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces instrument or cause of beziggehouden","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"zyn","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"possessive determiner, singular","role":"determiner of opstel","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"opstel","lemma":"opstel","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of Met","gloss":"essay"},{"surface":"heeft","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"perfect auxiliary of beziggehouden","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"hy","lemma":"hij","morphology":"personal pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of heeft beziggehouden","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ons","lemma":"ons","morphology":"personal pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of beziggehouden","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies drie kransavenden","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"drie","lemma":"drie","morphology":"cardinal numeral","role":"quantifies kransavenden","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"kransavenden","lemma":"kransavond","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"adverbial duration of beziggehouden","gloss":"reading-circle evenings"},{"surface":"beziggehouden","lemma":"bezighouden","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"main verb of heeft beziggehouden","gloss":"kept busy"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"links main clause and vinden clause","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"wat","lemma":"wat","morphology":"relative pronoun","role":"subject of is","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"definite article","role":"determiner of ergste","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ergste","lemma":"erg","morphology":"substantivized adjective, superlative","role":"subject complement of is","gloss":"worst of all"},{"surface":"is","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"copula linking wat and het ergste","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"definite article","role":"determiner of Rosemeyers","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Rosemeyers","lemma":"Rosemeyer","morphology":"proper noun, plural","role":"subject of vinden","gloss":"Rosemeyers"},{"surface":"vinden","lemma":"vinden","morphology":"verb, present, plural","role":"main verb of coordinated clause","gloss":"find"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"personal pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of vinden","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"mooi","lemma":"mooi","morphology":"adjective, predicative","role":"object complement of het","gloss":"beautiful"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"h9-s29","source":"Zoo zeggen ze, ten-minste.","translation":"So they say, at least.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s29.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Zoo","lemma":"zo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies zeggen","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"zeggen","lemma":"zeggen","morphology":"verb, present, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"ze","lemma":"ze","morphology":"personal pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of zeggen","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"ten-minste","lemma":"ten minste","morphology":"adverbial phrase","role":"sentence adverb modifying zeggen","gloss":"at least"}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"h9-s30","source":"Als ik een aanmerking maak, beroept hy zich op Louise. \"Háár goedkeuring, zegt hy, weegt hem zwaarder dan alle koffi van de wereld, en bovendien: \"als 't hart me gloeit ... enz.--Zie deze tirade op bladzy zooveel, of liever, zie ze niet.--Daar sta ik dan, en weet niet wat te doen!","translation":"Whenever I raise an objection, he appeals to Louise. \"Her approval,\" he says, \"weighs more with him than all the coffee in the world,\" and besides: \"when my heart glows ...\" etc.—See this tirade on page so-and-so, or rather, do not see it.—And there I stand, not knowing what to do!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s30.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"beroept hy zich op Louise","title":"Reflexive 'zich beroepen op' + V2","body":"'zich beroepen op' (to appeal to) is reflexive; fronting the 'Als ik...' clause forces V2 'beroept hy'. 'Háár goedkeuring ... weegt hem zwaarder' uses the comparative 'zwaarder'."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"weet niet wat te doen","title":"Elliptical 'wat te doen' (what to do)","body":"'wat te doen' = 'what to do', an elliptical te-infinitive without a finite verb. 'Daar sta ik dan' fronts 'Daar' for V2."}],"words":[{"surface":"Als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces recurring temporal clause","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"personal pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of maak","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"indefinite article","role":"determiner of aanmerking","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"aanmerking","lemma":"aanmerking","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of maak","gloss":"objection"},{"surface":"maak","lemma":"maken","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"verb of clause introduced by Als","gloss":"raise"},{"surface":"beroept","lemma":"beroepen","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"main verb of first sentence","gloss":"appeals"},{"surface":"hy","lemma":"hij","morphology":"personal pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of beroept","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"zich","lemma":"zich","morphology":"reflexive pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"reflexive object of beroept","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"op","lemma":"op","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces complement of zich beroepen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Louise","lemma":"Louise","morphology":"proper noun","role":"object of op","gloss":"Louise"},{"surface":"Háár","lemma":"haar","morphology":"possessive determiner, emphatic, singular","role":"determiner of goedkeuring","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"goedkeuring","lemma":"goedkeuring","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of weegt","gloss":"approval"},{"surface":"zegt","lemma":"zeggen","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"verb of parenthetical reporting clause","gloss":"says"},{"surface":"hy","lemma":"hij","morphology":"personal pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of zegt","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"weegt","lemma":"wegen","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"main verb of quoted clause","gloss":"weighs"},{"surface":"hem","lemma":"hem","morphology":"personal pronoun, dative, singular","role":"experiencer complement of weegt","gloss":"with him"},{"surface":"zwaarder","lemma":"zwaar","morphology":"adverb, comparative","role":"modifies weegt","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"dan","lemma":"dan","morphology":"comparative conjunction","role":"introduces comparison with zwaarder","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"alle","lemma":"al","morphology":"indefinite determiner","role":"determiner of koffi","gloss":"all the"},{"surface":"koffi","lemma":"koffie","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"standard of comparison after dan","gloss":"coffee"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces complement of koffi","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"definite article","role":"determiner of wereld","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"wereld","lemma":"wereld","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of van","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"links quotation with added point","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"bovendien","lemma":"bovendien","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces an additional quotation","gloss":"besides"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces clause of gloeit","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"'t","lemma":"het","morphology":"definite article, elided","role":"determiner of hart","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hart","lemma":"hart","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of gloeit","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"me","morphology":"personal pronoun, dative, singular","role":"possessive dative referring to hart","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"gloeit","lemma":"gloeien","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"verb of clause introduced by als","gloss":"glows"},{"surface":"enz","lemma":"enzovoort","morphology":"abbreviation","role":"marks omitted continuation","gloss":"etc."},{"surface":"Zie","lemma":"zien","morphology":"verb, imperative, singular","role":"main verb of imperative sentence","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"deze","lemma":"deze","morphology":"demonstrative determiner, singular","role":"determiner of tirade","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"tirade","lemma":"tirade","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of Zie","gloss":"tirade"},{"surface":"op","lemma":"op","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces page location","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"bladzy","lemma":"bladzijde","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of op","gloss":"page"},{"surface":"zooveel","lemma":"zoveel","morphology":"indefinite numeral","role":"postmodifier of bladzy; unspecified number","gloss":"so-and-so"},{"surface":"of","lemma":"of","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"links two imperatives","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"liever","lemma":"liever","morphology":"adverb","role":"corrects the preceding imperative","gloss":"rather"},{"surface":"zie","lemma":"zien","morphology":"verb, imperative, singular","role":"coordinated imperative with Zie","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"ze","lemma":"ze","morphology":"personal pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of zie","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates zie","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"Daar","lemma":"daar","morphology":"adverb","role":"locative complement of sta","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"sta","lemma":"staan","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"main verb of final sentence","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"personal pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of sta and weet","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"dan","lemma":"dan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sta","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"links sta and weet","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"weet","lemma":"weten","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"coordinated main verb with sta","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates weet","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"wat","lemma":"wat","morphology":"interrogative pronoun","role":"direct object of doen","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"infinitive marker","role":"marks infinitive doen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"doen","lemma":"doen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"indirect interrogative complement of weet","gloss":"do"}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"h9-s31","source":"Dat pak van Sjaalman is een waar Trojaansch paard.","translation":"That parcel of Sjaalman's is a veritable Trojan horse.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s31.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"demonstrative determiner, neuter singular","role":"determiner of pak","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"pak","lemma":"pak","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of is","gloss":"parcel"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces possessor of pak","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Sjaalman","lemma":"Sjaalman","morphology":"proper noun","role":"object of van","gloss":"Sjaalman"},{"surface":"is","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"copula linking pak and paard","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"indefinite article","role":"determiner of paard","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"waar","lemma":"waar","morphology":"adjective, attributive","role":"modifies paard","gloss":"veritable"},{"surface":"Trojaansch","lemma":"Trojaans","morphology":"adjective, attributive","role":"modifies paard","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"paard","lemma":"paard","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"subject complement of is","gloss":"horse"}]},{"number":32,"label":"32","id":"h9-s32","source":"Ook Frits wordt er door bedorven.","translation":"Frits, too, is being spoiled by it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s32.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Ook Frits wordt er door bedorven","title":"Worden-passive + split pronominal 'er ... door'","body":"'wordt ... bedorven' is the process passive ('is being spoiled'); 'er ... door' is the pronominal adverb 'by it', split around the middle field. Fronting 'Ook Frits' forces V2."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ook","lemma":"ook","morphology":"adverb","role":"focuses Frits","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"Frits","lemma":"Frits","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of passive wordt bedorven","gloss":"Frits"},{"surface":"wordt","lemma":"worden","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"passive auxiliary of bedorven","gloss":"is being"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronominal adverb","role":"complement of door; refers to the parcel","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"door","lemma":"door","morphology":"adposition, postposition to er","role":"forms erdoor, marking cause of bedorven","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"bedorven","lemma":"bederven","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"main verb of passive construction","gloss":"spoiled"}]},{"number":33,"label":"33","id":"h9-s33","source":"Hy heeft, naar ik bemerk, Stern geholpen, want die Abraham Blankaart is veel te hollandsch voor een Duitscher.","translation":"He has, so far as I can tell, helped Stern, for that Abraham Blankaart is far too Dutch for a German.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s33.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"want die Abraham Blankaart is veel te hollandsch voor een Duitscher","title":"Coordinating 'want' (no verb-final) + comparison","body":"'want' (for/because) is a coordinating conjunction: unlike 'omdat', it leaves the word order of a main clause, so 'is' stays in second position. 'veel te hollandsch' = 'far too Dutch'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hy","lemma":"hij","morphology":"personal pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of heeft geholpen","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"heeft","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"perfect auxiliary of geholpen","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"naar","lemma":"naar","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces parenthetical clause ik bemerk","gloss":"so far as"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"personal pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of bemerk","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"bemerk","lemma":"bemerken","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"verb of parenthetical clause","gloss":"can tell"},{"surface":"Stern","lemma":"Stern","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of geholpen","gloss":"Stern"},{"surface":"geholpen","lemma":"helpen","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"main verb of heeft geholpen","gloss":"helped"},{"surface":"want","lemma":"want","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"introduces explanatory clause","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"demonstrative determiner, singular","role":"determiner of Abraham Blankaart","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Abraham","lemma":"Abraham","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of is","gloss":"Abraham"},{"surface":"Blankaart","lemma":"Blankaart","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Abraham Blankaart","gloss":"Blankaart"},{"surface":"is","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"copula linking Abraham Blankaart and hollandsch","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"veel","lemma":"veel","morphology":"degree adverb","role":"intensifies te hollandsch","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"degree adverb","role":"modifies hollandsch","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"hollandsch","lemma":"Hollands","morphology":"adjective, predicative","role":"subject complement of is","gloss":"Dutch"},{"surface":"voor","lemma":"voor","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces standard of suitability","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"indefinite article","role":"determiner of Duitscher","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Duitscher","lemma":"Duitser","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of voor","gloss":"German"}]},{"number":34,"label":"34","id":"h9-s34","source":"Beiden zyn ze zoo pedant, dat ik waarlyk met de zaak verlegen word.","translation":"Both of them are so pedantic that I am genuinely at a loss with the whole business.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s34.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"dat ik waarlyk met de zaak verlegen word","title":"Result clause 'zoo ... dat' (verb-final)","body":"'zoo pedant, dat ...' sets up a result clause where 'dat' sends 'word' to the end. 'verlegen worden met' = 'to be at a loss with'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Beiden","lemma":"beiden","morphology":"indefinite pronoun, plural","role":"resumptive complement specifying ze","gloss":"both of them"},{"surface":"zyn","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, present, plural","role":"copula linking ze and pedant","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"ze","lemma":"ze","morphology":"personal pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of zyn","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"zoo","lemma":"zo","morphology":"degree adverb","role":"modifies pedant and correlates with dat","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"pedant","lemma":"pedant","morphology":"adjective, predicative","role":"subject complement of zyn","gloss":"pedantic"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces result clause","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"personal pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of word","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"waarlyk","lemma":"waarlijk","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies verlegen word","gloss":"genuinely"},{"surface":"met","lemma":"met","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces complement of verlegen","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"definite article","role":"determiner of zaak","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"zaak","lemma":"zaak","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of met","gloss":"whole business"},{"surface":"verlegen","lemma":"verlegen","morphology":"adjective, predicative","role":"subject complement of word","gloss":"at a loss"},{"surface":"word","lemma":"worden","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"copula expressing change of state","gloss":"am"}]},{"number":35,"label":"35","id":"h9-s35","source":"Het ergste is, dat ik met Gaafzuiger een overeenkomst heb aangegaan voor het uitgeven van een boek dat over de koffiveilingen moet handelen--heel Nederland wacht er op--en daar gaat me nu die Stern een heel anderen weg uit! Gister zeide hy: \"wees gerust, alle wegen leiden naar Rome.","translation":"The worst of it is that I have entered into an agreement with Gaafzuiger for the publication of a book that is supposed to deal with the coffee auctions—all the Netherlands is waiting for it—and now this Stern goes off with me down quite another road! Yesterday he said: \"set your mind at ease, all roads lead to Rome.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s35.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"een boek dat over de koffiveilingen moet handelen","title":"Relative 'dat' + modal moeten (verb-final)","body":"'dat' relativises the neuter 'boek'; the subclause ends with 'moet handelen' (modal + bare infinitive). 'koffiveilingen' is a compound (koffi + veiling)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Het","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of ergste","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ergste","lemma":"erg","morphology":"adjective, superlative, nominalized","role":"subject complement of is","gloss":"worst"},{"surface":"is","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"copula linking ergste to the dat-clause","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of aangegaan","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of aangegaan","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"met","lemma":"met","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Gaafzuiger","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Gaafzuiger","lemma":"Gaafzuiger","morphology":"proper noun, singular","role":"oblique complement of aangegaan","gloss":"Gaafzuiger"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of overeenkomst","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"overeenkomst","lemma":"overeenkomst","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of aangegaan","gloss":"agreement"},{"surface":"heb","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"auxiliary of aangegaan","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"aangegaan","lemma":"aangaan","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"main verb of the dat-clause","gloss":"entered into"},{"surface":"voor","lemma":"voor","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces purpose phrase het uitgeven","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of nominalized uitgeven","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"uitgeven","lemma":"uitgeven","morphology":"verb, infinitive, nominalized","role":"object of voor","gloss":"publication"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking boek","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of boek","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"boek","lemma":"boek","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of van","gloss":"book"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"relative pronoun, neuter singular","role":"subject of handelen","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"over","lemma":"over","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking koffiveilingen","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of koffiveilingen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"koffiveilingen","lemma":"koffieveiling","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"object of over","gloss":"coffee auctions"},{"surface":"moet","lemma":"moeten","morphology":"modal verb, present, singular","role":"modal auxiliary of handelen","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"handelen","lemma":"handelen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"verb of relative clause modifying boek","gloss":"deal"},{"surface":"heel","lemma":"heel","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies Nederland","gloss":"all of"},{"surface":"Nederland","lemma":"Nederland","morphology":"proper noun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of wacht","gloss":"the Netherlands"},{"surface":"wacht","lemma":"wachten","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is waiting"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronominal adverb","role":"pronominal object of op: er ... op","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"op","lemma":"op","morphology":"adverbial particle","role":"completes wachten op with er","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links wacht and gaat","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"daar","lemma":"daar","morphology":"adverb","role":"fronted locative complement of uitgaan","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"gaat","lemma":"gaan","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"finite verb of gaat ... uit","gloss":"goes"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"me","morphology":"pronoun, dative","role":"ethical dative with gaat ... uit","gloss":"on me"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gaat","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"demonstrative determiner","role":"determiner of Stern","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Stern","lemma":"Stern","morphology":"proper noun, masculine singular","role":"subject of gaat ... uit","gloss":"Stern"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of anderen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"heel","lemma":"heel","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies anderen","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"anderen","lemma":"ander","morphology":"adjective, inflected","role":"modifies weg","gloss":"different"},{"surface":"weg","lemma":"weg","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object within een anderen weg uitgaan","gloss":"road"},{"surface":"uit","lemma":"uit","morphology":"separable verb particle","role":"particle of gaat ... uit","gloss":"off"},{"surface":"Gister","lemma":"gisteren","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial modifier of zeide","gloss":"Yesterday"},{"surface":"zeide","lemma":"zeggen","morphology":"verb, past, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"hy","lemma":"hij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of zeide","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"wees","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, imperative, singular","role":"copula with gerust","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"gerust","lemma":"gerust","morphology":"adjective","role":"subject complement of wees","gloss":"at ease"},{"surface":"alle","lemma":"al","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of wegen","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"wegen","lemma":"weg","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"subject of leiden","gloss":"roads"},{"surface":"leiden","lemma":"leiden","morphology":"verb, present, plural","role":"parallel clause to wees","gloss":"lead"},{"surface":"naar","lemma":"naar","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Rome","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Rome","lemma":"Rome","morphology":"proper noun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of leiden","gloss":"Rome"}]},{"number":36,"label":"36","id":"h9-s36","source":"Wacht nu eerst het slot van de inleiding af--is dat alles nog maar inleiding --ik beloof u--hy zeide eigenlyk: \"ik verspreek u\"--dat ten-slotte de zaak zal neerkomen op koffi, koffi, op niets dan koffi!","translation":"Just wait for the end of the introduction\"—is all of this still only introduction—\"I promise you\"—he actually said \"I mispromise you\"—\"that in the end the matter will come down to coffee, coffee, to nothing but coffee!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s36.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Wacht nu eerst het slot van de inleiding af","title":"Imperative of separable 'afwachten'","body":"'Wacht ... af' is the imperative of separable 'afwachten' (to await), prefix at the end. 'ik beloof u ... ik verspreke u' plays on the prefix: 'verspreken' = to misspeak/promise wrongly."}],"words":[{"surface":"Wacht","lemma":"wachten","morphology":"verb, imperative, singular","role":"finite verb of wacht ... af","gloss":"Wait"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Wacht","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"eerst","lemma":"eerst","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Wacht","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of slot","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"slot","lemma":"slot","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of wacht ... af","gloss":"end"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking inleiding","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of inleiding","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"inleiding","lemma":"inleiding","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"modifies slot","gloss":"introduction"},{"surface":"af","lemma":"af","morphology":"separable verb particle","role":"particle of wacht ... af","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"is","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"copula linking dat alles to inleiding","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"demonstrative pronoun, neuter singular","role":"determiner-like modifier of alles","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"alles","lemma":"alles","morphology":"indefinite pronoun","role":"subject of is","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies is","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"maar","lemma":"maar","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies inleiding","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"inleiding","lemma":"inleiding","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject complement of is","gloss":"introduction"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of beloof","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"beloof","lemma":"beloven","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"parenthetical main verb","gloss":"promise"},{"surface":"u","lemma":"u","morphology":"pronoun, dative","role":"indirect object of beloof","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"hy","lemma":"hij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of zeide","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"zeide","lemma":"zeggen","morphology":"verb, past, singular","role":"parenthetical main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"eigenlyk","lemma":"eigenlijk","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies zeide","gloss":"actually"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of verspreek","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"verspreek","lemma":"verspreken","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"main verb of quotation","gloss":"mispromise","note":"A comic coinage modeled on 'beloven': the prefix ver- suggests promising wrongly."},{"surface":"u","lemma":"u","morphology":"pronoun, dative","role":"indirect object of verspreek","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces object clause of verspreek","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ten-slotte","lemma":"ten slotte","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies neerkomen","gloss":"in the end"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of zaak","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"zaak","lemma":"zaak","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of zal neerkomen","gloss":"matter"},{"surface":"zal","lemma":"zullen","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"future auxiliary of neerkomen","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"neerkomen","lemma":"neerkomen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"verb of object clause","gloss":"come down"},{"surface":"op","lemma":"op","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking koffi","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"koffi","lemma":"koffie","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of op","gloss":"coffee"},{"surface":"koffi","lemma":"koffie","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"repetition of koffi","gloss":"coffee"},{"surface":"op","lemma":"op","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking niets","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"niets","lemma":"niets","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of neerkomen","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"dan","lemma":"dan","morphology":"conjunction","role":"part of restrictive phrase niets dan","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"koffi","lemma":"koffie","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"complement of niets dan","gloss":"coffee"}]},{"number":37,"label":"37","id":"h9-s37","source":"Denk aan Horatius, ging hy voort, heeft niet hy reeds gezegd: omne tulit punctum, qui miscuit ... koffi met wat anders? Handelt gyzelf niet even zoo, als ge suiker en melk in uw kopje doet?\"","translation":"Think of Horace,\" he went on, \"did he not already say: omne tulit punctum, qui miscuit ... coffee with something else? Do you not do exactly the same yourself when you put sugar and milk in your cup?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s37.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Handelt gyzelf niet even zoo ...?","title":"Emphatic 'gyzelf' + V2 question + 'even zoo ... als'","body":"'gyzelf' is the emphatic literary 'you-yourself'; the yes/no question inverts to V2 'Handelt'. 'even zoo ... als' = 'exactly the same as'. 'doet' in the als-clause goes verb-final."}],"words":[{"surface":"Denk","lemma":"denken","morphology":"verb, imperative, singular","role":"main verb of command","gloss":"Think"},{"surface":"aan","lemma":"aan","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Horatius","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Horatius","lemma":"Horatius","morphology":"proper noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of Denk","gloss":"Horace"},{"surface":"ging","lemma":"gaan","morphology":"verb, past, singular","role":"finite verb of ging ... voort","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"hy","lemma":"hij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of ging","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"voort","lemma":"voort","morphology":"separable verb particle","role":"particle of ging ... voort","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"heeft","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"auxiliary of gezegd","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gezegd","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"hy","lemma":"hij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of gezegd","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"reeds","lemma":"reeds","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gezegd","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"gezegd","lemma":"zeggen","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"main participle of heeft gezegd","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"omne","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"Latin adjective/pronoun, accusative neuter singular","role":"modifies punctum","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"tulit","lemma":"ferre","morphology":"Latin verb, perfect, third-person singular","role":"verb of Latin quotation","gloss":"has won"},{"surface":"punctum","lemma":"punctum","morphology":"Latin noun, accusative neuter singular","role":"direct object of tulit","gloss":"vote"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"Latin relative pronoun, nominative masculine singular","role":"subject of miscuit","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"miscuit","lemma":"miscere","morphology":"Latin verb, perfect, third-person singular","role":"verb of relative clause","gloss":"has mixed"},{"surface":"koffi","lemma":"koffie","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object understood with miscuit","gloss":"coffee"},{"surface":"met","lemma":"met","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking wat","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"wat","lemma":"wat","morphology":"indefinite pronoun","role":"head of object phrase wat anders","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"anders","lemma":"anders","morphology":"adverb","role":"postmodifies wat","gloss":"else"},{"surface":"Handelt","lemma":"handelen","morphology":"verb, present, second-person singular","role":"main verb of question","gloss":"Do"},{"surface":"gyzelf","lemma":"gijzelf","morphology":"personal pronoun, nominative, emphatic","role":"subject of Handelt","gloss":"you yourself","note":"Historical spelling of modern 'gijzelf'."},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Handelt","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"even","lemma":"even","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies zoo","gloss":"exactly"},{"surface":"zoo","lemma":"zo","morphology":"adverb","role":"complement of Handelt","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of doet","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ge","lemma":"gij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of doet","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"suiker","lemma":"suiker","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of doet","gloss":"sugar"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"melk","lemma":"melk","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated direct object with suiker","gloss":"milk"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kopje","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"uw","lemma":"uw","morphology":"possessive determiner","role":"determiner of kopje","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"kopje","lemma":"kopje","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular, diminutive","role":"object of in","gloss":"cup"},{"surface":"doet","lemma":"doen","morphology":"verb, present, second-person singular","role":"verb of subordinate clause introduced by als","gloss":"put"}]},{"number":38,"label":"38","id":"h9-s38","source":"En dan moet ik zwygen.","translation":"And then I have to keep silent.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s38.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of zwygen","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"dan","lemma":"dan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies zwygen","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"moet","lemma":"moeten","morphology":"modal verb, present, singular","role":"modal auxiliary of zwygen","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of zwygen","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"zwygen","lemma":"zwijgen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb governed by moet","gloss":"keep silent"}]},{"number":39,"label":"39","id":"h9-s39","source":"Niet omdat hy gelyk heeft, maar omdat ik aan de firma Last & Co verplicht ben zorgtedragen dat de oude Stern niet vervalle in Busselinck & Waterman, die hem slecht zouden bedienen omdat het knoeiers zyn. By u, lezer, stort ik myn hart uit, en opdat ge na het lezen van Stern's geschryf--heb ge 't werkelyk gelezen?--uwen toorn niet zoudt uitstorten over een onschuldig hoofd want ik vraag u, wie zal een makelaar nemen, die hem voor menscheneter uitscheldt?--hecht ik er aan, dat ge overtuigd zyt van myn onschuld.","translation":"Not because he is right, but because I am bound, on behalf of the firm of Last & Co, to see to it that old Stern does not slip away to Busselinck & Waterman, who would serve him badly because they are bunglers. To you, reader, I pour out my heart, and so that you, after reading Stern's writing—have you really read it?—should not pour out your wrath upon an innocent head, for I ask you, who will employ a broker who calls him a cannibal?—I am anxious that you should be convinced of my innocence.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s39.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"omdat ik aan de firma ... verplicht ben zorgtedragen dat ...","title":"omdat + verplicht zijn + te-infinitive + dat-clause","body":"'omdat' subordinates ('verplicht ben' verb-final); 'verplicht zijn te' governs 'zorg te dragen' (joined 'zorgtedragen'), which itself opens a 'dat' clause ('dat de oude Stern niet vervalle'). 'vervalle' is an old subjunctive."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"die hem slecht zouden bedienen omdat het knoeiers zyn","title":"Relative 'die' + conditional zouden + omdat","body":"'die' relativises 'Busselinck & Waterman'; 'zouden bedienen' is the conditional, and 'omdat het knoeiers zyn' a verb-final reason clause. 'het ... zyn' uses impersonal 'het' before a plural predicate."}],"words":[{"surface":"Niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates first omdat-clause","gloss":"Not"},{"surface":"omdat","lemma":"omdat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of heeft","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"hy","lemma":"hij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of heeft","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"gelyk","lemma":"gelijk","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object in gelijk hebben","gloss":"right","note":"Historical spelling; 'gelijk hebben' means 'to be right'."},{"surface":"heeft","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"verb of first omdat-clause","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"maar","lemma":"maar","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"omdat","lemma":"omdat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of verplicht","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of ben","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"aan","lemma":"aan","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking firma","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of firma","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"firma","lemma":"firma","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of verplicht","gloss":"firm"},{"surface":"Last","lemma":"Last","morphology":"proper noun","role":"in apposition to firma","gloss":"Last"},{"surface":"Co","lemma":"Co","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Last","gloss":"Co."},{"surface":"verplicht","lemma":"verplicht","morphology":"adjective","role":"subject complement of ben","gloss":"bound"},{"surface":"ben","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"copula linking ik to verplicht","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"zorgtedragen","lemma":"zorg dragen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of verplicht","gloss":"see to it","note":"Historically written together here; modern Dutch writes 'zorg te dragen'."},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vervalle","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of Stern","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"oude","lemma":"oud","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies Stern","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"Stern","lemma":"Stern","morphology":"proper noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of vervalle","gloss":"Stern"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vervalle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"vervalle","lemma":"vervallen","morphology":"verb, present subjunctive, singular","role":"verb of dat-clause","gloss":"slip away","note":"Archaic subjunctive after a clause of prevention."},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"marks destination Busselinck & Waterman","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Busselinck","lemma":"Busselinck","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of vervalle","gloss":"Busselinck"},{"surface":"Waterman","lemma":"Waterman","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with Busselinck","gloss":"Waterman"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"relative pronoun, plural","role":"subject of zouden bedienen","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"hem","lemma":"hem","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of bedienen","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"slecht","lemma":"slecht","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bedienen","gloss":"badly"},{"surface":"zouden","lemma":"zullen","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, plural","role":"auxiliary of bedienen","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"bedienen","lemma":"bedienen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"verb of relative clause modifying Busselinck & Waterman","gloss":"serve"},{"surface":"omdat","lemma":"omdat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of zyn","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of zijn","gloss":"they","note":"In 'het zijn knoeiers', singular 'het' is rendered idiomatically as plural 'they'."},{"surface":"knoeiers","lemma":"knoeier","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"subject complement of zijn","gloss":"bunglers"},{"surface":"zyn","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, present, plural","role":"copula linking het to knoeiers","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"By","lemma":"bij","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces indirect complement u","gloss":"To"},{"surface":"u","lemma":"u","morphology":"pronoun","role":"object of Bij","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"lezer","lemma":"lezer","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"vocative in apposition to u","gloss":"reader"},{"surface":"stort","lemma":"storten","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"finite verb of stort ... uit","gloss":"pour"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of stort","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"myn","lemma":"mijn","morphology":"possessive determiner","role":"determiner of hart","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"hart","lemma":"hart","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of stort ... uit","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"uit","lemma":"uit","morphology":"separable verb particle","role":"particle of stort ... uit","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"opdat","lemma":"opdat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces purpose clause with zoudt uitstorten","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ge","lemma":"gij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of zoudt uitstorten","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"na","lemma":"na","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lezen","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of nominalized lezen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"lezen","lemma":"lezen","morphology":"verb, infinitive, nominalized","role":"object of na","gloss":"reading"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking geschryf","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Stern's","lemma":"Stern","morphology":"proper noun, singular, genitive","role":"possessor of geschryf","gloss":"Stern's"},{"surface":"geschryf","lemma":"geschrijf","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of van","gloss":"writing"},{"surface":"heb","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, second-person singular","role":"auxiliary of gelezen","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"ge","lemma":"gij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of heb gelezen","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"'t","lemma":"het","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, contracted","role":"direct object of gelezen","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"werkelyk","lemma":"werkelijk","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gelezen","gloss":"really"},{"surface":"gelezen","lemma":"lezen","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"main participle of heb gelezen","gloss":"read"},{"surface":"uwen","lemma":"uw","morphology":"possessive determiner, inflected","role":"determiner of toorn","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"toorn","lemma":"toorn","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of uitstorten","gloss":"wrath"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies zoudt","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"zoudt","lemma":"zullen","morphology":"modal verb, past, second-person singular","role":"modal auxiliary of uitstorten","gloss":"should","note":"Older second-person form, corresponding here to modern 'zou'."},{"surface":"uitstorten","lemma":"uitstorten","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"verb of purpose clause introduced by opdat","gloss":"pour out"},{"surface":"over","lemma":"over","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hoofd","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of hoofd","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"onschuldig","lemma":"onschuldig","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies hoofd","gloss":"innocent"},{"surface":"hoofd","lemma":"hoofd","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of uitstorten","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"want","lemma":"want","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces explanatory clause","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of vraag","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"vraag","lemma":"vragen","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"main verb of explanatory clause","gloss":"ask"},{"surface":"u","lemma":"u","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of vraag","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"interrogative pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of zal nemen","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"zal","lemma":"zullen","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"auxiliary of nemen","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of makelaar","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"makelaar","lemma":"makelaar","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of nemen","gloss":"broker"},{"surface":"nemen","lemma":"nemen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb governed by zal","gloss":"employ"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"relative pronoun, singular","role":"subject of uitscheldt","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"hem","lemma":"hem","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of uitscheldt","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"voor","lemma":"voor","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking menscheneter","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"menscheneter","lemma":"menseneter","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"predicative complement of hem after voor","gloss":"cannibal"},{"surface":"uitscheldt","lemma":"uitschelden","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"verb of relative clause modifying makelaar","gloss":"calls"},{"surface":"hecht","lemma":"hechten","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"finite verb of hecht ... aan","gloss":"attach"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of hecht","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronominal adverb","role":"pronominal complement of aan: er ... aan","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"aan","lemma":"aan","morphology":"adverbial particle","role":"completes hechten aan with er","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces complement clause of hecht ... aan","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ge","lemma":"gij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of zyt","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"overtuigd","lemma":"overtuigen","morphology":"adjective, past participial","role":"subject complement of zyt","gloss":"convinced"},{"surface":"zyt","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, present, second-person singular","role":"copula linking ge to overtuigd","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking myn","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"myn","lemma":"mijn","morphology":"possessive determiner","role":"determiner of onschuld","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"onschuld","lemma":"onschuld","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of van","gloss":"innocence"}]},{"number":40,"label":"40","id":"h9-s40","source":"Ik kan toch dien Stern niet uit de firma van myn boek dringen, nu de zaken eenmaal zóóver zyn dat Louise Rosemeyer, als ze uit de kerk komt--de jongens schynen haar optewachten--vraagt of hy wat vroeg komen zal dien avend, om toch recht veel van Max en Tine voortelezen?","translation":"I cannot, after all, push this Stern out of the firm of my book, now that things have once gone so far that Louise Rosemeyer, when she comes out of church—the boys seem to wait for her—asks whether he will come a little early that evening, to read out plenty of Max and Tine?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s40.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Ik kan toch dien Stern niet uit de firma ... dringen","title":"Modal kunnen + 'niet' + accusative 'dien'","body":"'kan ... niet ... dringen' is modal kunnen with the bare infinitive at the end and 'niet' negating it; 'dien Stern' uses the old accusative 'dien' (this Stern). 'uit ... dringen' = to push out."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"als ze uit de kerk komt ... vraagt of hy ... komen zal","title":"als-clause + indirect question with 'of'","body":"'als ze uit de kerk komt' is a verb-final time clause; 'vraagt of hy ... komen zal' embeds an indirect yes/no question ('of'), verb-final on the future cluster 'komen zal'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of dringen","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunnen","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"auxiliary of dringen","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"toch","lemma":"toch","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dringen","gloss":"after all"},{"surface":"dien","lemma":"die","morphology":"determiner, masculine singular, archaically inflected","role":"determiner of Stern","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"Stern","lemma":"Stern","morphology":"proper noun, singular","role":"direct object of dringen","gloss":"Stern"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates dringen","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"uit","lemma":"uit","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking firma","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of firma","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"firma","lemma":"firma","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"prepositional complement of dringen","gloss":"firm"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking boek","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"myn","lemma":"mijn","morphology":"possessive determiner","role":"determiner of boek","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"boek","lemma":"boek","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"prepositional complement modifying firma","gloss":"book"},{"surface":"dringen","lemma":"dringen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb governed by kan","gloss":"push"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of zijn","gloss":"now that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of zaken","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"zaken","lemma":"zaak","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"subject of zijn","gloss":"things"},{"surface":"eenmaal","lemma":"eenmaal","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies zijn","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"zóóver","lemma":"zover","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicative complement of zijn","gloss":"so far"},{"surface":"zyn","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, present, plural","role":"copula linking zaken to zover","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vraagt","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Louise","lemma":"Louise","morphology":"proper noun, singular","role":"first name of subject Louise Rosemeyer","gloss":"Louise"},{"surface":"Rosemeyer","lemma":"Rosemeyer","morphology":"proper noun, singular","role":"surname of subject Louise Rosemeyer","gloss":"Rosemeyer"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of komt","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ze","lemma":"zij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of komt","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"uit","lemma":"uit","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kerk","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of kerk","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"kerk","lemma":"kerk","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"prepositional complement of komt","gloss":"church"},{"surface":"komt","lemma":"komen","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"verb of temporal clause","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of jongens","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"jongens","lemma":"jongen","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"subject of schijnen","gloss":"boys"},{"surface":"schynen","lemma":"schijnen","morphology":"verb, present, plural","role":"verb of parenthetical clause","gloss":"seem"},{"surface":"haar","lemma":"haar","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of opwachten","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"optewachten","lemma":"opwachten","morphology":"verb, infinitive with intervening te","role":"infinitival complement of schijnen","gloss":"wait for"},{"surface":"vraagt","lemma":"vragen","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"verb of clause introduced by dat","gloss":"asks"},{"surface":"of","lemma":"of","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the indirect question of zal komen","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"hy","lemma":"hij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of zal komen","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"wat","lemma":"wat","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vroeg","gloss":"a little"},{"surface":"vroeg","lemma":"vroeg","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies komen","gloss":"early"},{"surface":"komen","lemma":"komen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb governed by zal","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"zal","lemma":"zullen","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"auxiliary of komen","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"dien","lemma":"die","morphology":"determiner, masculine singular, archaically inflected","role":"determiner of avond","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"avend","lemma":"avond","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"adverbial of time modifying komen","gloss":"evening"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces purpose infinitive voorlezen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"toch","lemma":"toch","morphology":"adverb","role":"adds emphasis to veel","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"recht","lemma":"recht","morphology":"adverb","role":"intensifies veel","gloss":"really"},{"surface":"veel","lemma":"veel","morphology":"indefinite pronoun","role":"direct object of voorlezen","gloss":"a great deal"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Max en Tine","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"Max","lemma":"Max","morphology":"proper noun, singular","role":"first complement of van","gloss":"Max"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinates Max and Tine","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Tine","lemma":"Tine","morphology":"proper noun, singular","role":"coordinated with Max","gloss":"Tine"},{"surface":"voortelezen","lemma":"voorlezen","morphology":"verb, infinitive with intervening te","role":"purpose infinitive governed by om","gloss":"read aloud"}]},{"number":41,"label":"41","id":"h9-s41","source":"Maar omdat ge het boek hebt gekocht of gehuurd in 't vertrouwen op den deftigen titel die wat degelyks belooft, erken ik uw aanspraken op wat goeds voor uw geld, en daarom schryf ikzelf nu eens weer een paar hoofdstukken.","translation":"But because you bought or borrowed the book trusting in the dignified title that promises something solid, I acknowledge your claim to something good for your money, and that is why I myself am once again writing a couple of chapters.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s41.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"in 't vertrouwen op den deftigen titel die wat degelyks belooft","title":"Dative 'den' + relative 'die' + partitive -s","body":"'op den deftigen titel' keeps the dative case remnant on article and adjective; 'die ... belooft' relativises it (verb-final). 'wat degelyks' takes the partitive -s ('something solid')."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"schryf ikzelf nu eens weer een paar hoofdstukken","title":"V2 inversion 'schryf ik' + emphatic 'ikzelf'","body":"Fronting 'daarom' forces V2 'schryf ikzelf'; 'ikzelf' is the emphatic 'I myself'. The present tense carries present resolve ('I am now writing')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Maar","lemma":"maar","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the sentence contrastively to the preceding context","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"omdat","lemma":"omdat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hebt gekocht","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"ge","lemma":"gij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of hebt gekocht and gehuurd","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of boek","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"boek","lemma":"boek","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of gekocht and gehuurd","gloss":"book"},{"surface":"hebt","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"auxiliary of gekocht and gehuurd","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"gekocht","lemma":"kopen","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"first verb of subordinate clause","gloss":"bought"},{"surface":"of","lemma":"of","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinates gekocht and gehuurd","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"gehuurd","lemma":"huren","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"coordinated with gekocht","gloss":"rented"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vertrouwen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"'t","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner, elided","role":"determiner of vertrouwen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vertrouwen","lemma":"vertrouwen","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"prepositional adjunct of gekocht and gehuurd","gloss":"trust"},{"surface":"op","lemma":"op","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking titel","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, masculine singular, archaically inflected","role":"determiner of titel","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"deftigen","lemma":"deftig","morphology":"adjective, attributive, inflected","role":"modifies titel","gloss":"dignified"},{"surface":"titel","lemma":"titel","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"prepositional complement of vertrouwen","gloss":"title"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"relative pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of belooft","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"wat","lemma":"wat","morphology":"indefinite pronoun","role":"modified by degelijks","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"degelyks","lemma":"degelijk","morphology":"nominalized adjective, neuter singular","role":"complement of wat","gloss":"solid"},{"surface":"belooft","lemma":"beloven","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"verb of relative clause modifying titel","gloss":"promises"},{"surface":"erken","lemma":"erkennen","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"main verb of first principal clause","gloss":"acknowledge"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of erken","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"uw","lemma":"uw","morphology":"possessive determiner","role":"determiner of aanspraken","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"aanspraken","lemma":"aanspraak","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"direct object of erken","gloss":"claims"},{"surface":"op","lemma":"op","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking wat goeds","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"wat","lemma":"wat","morphology":"indefinite pronoun","role":"head of complement of op","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"goeds","lemma":"goed","morphology":"nominalized adjective, neuter singular","role":"complement of wat","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"voor","lemma":"voor","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking geld","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"uw","lemma":"uw","morphology":"possessive determiner","role":"determiner of geld","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"geld","lemma":"geld","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"prepositional complement modifying wat goeds","gloss":"money"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinates the principal clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"daarom","lemma":"daarom","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies schrijf","gloss":"that is why"},{"surface":"schryf","lemma":"schrijven","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"main verb of second principal clause","gloss":"am writing"},{"surface":"ikzelf","lemma":"ikzelf","morphology":"emphatic pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of schrijf","gloss":"I myself"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of nu eens weer","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"eens","lemma":"eens","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of nu eens weer","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"weer","lemma":"weer","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies schrijf","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of paar","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"paar","lemma":"paar","morphology":"quantifying noun, neuter singular","role":"quantifies hoofdstukken","gloss":"couple of"},{"surface":"hoofdstukken","lemma":"hoofdstuk","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"direct object of schrijf","gloss":"chapters"}]},{"number":42,"label":"42","id":"h9-s42","source":"Ge zyt niet in den krans van de Rosemeyers, lezer, en dus gelukkiger dan ik die alles moet aanhooren.","translation":"You are not in the Rosemeyers' reading circle, reader, and therefore happier than I, who must listen to it all.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s42.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"gelukkiger dan ik die alles moet aanhooren","title":"Comparative 'gelukkiger dan' + relative 'die'","body":"'gelukkiger dan ik' uses the comparative with 'dan'; 'die alles moet aanhooren' relativises 'ik' (verb-final modal + separable 'aanhooren', to have to listen to it all)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ge","lemma":"gij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of zijt","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"zyt","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"copula of the sentence","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates zijt","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking krans","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, masculine singular, archaically inflected","role":"determiner of krans","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"krans","lemma":"krans","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"prepositional complement of zijt","gloss":"reading circle"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Rosemeyers","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of Rosemeyers","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Rosemeyers","lemma":"Rosemeyer","morphology":"proper noun, plural","role":"prepositional complement modifying krans","gloss":"Rosemeyers"},{"surface":"lezer","lemma":"lezer","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"vocative","gloss":"reader"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinates the predicates","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dus","lemma":"dus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gelukkiger","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"gelukkiger","lemma":"gelukkig","morphology":"adjective, comparative","role":"predicative complement of implied zijt","gloss":"happier"},{"surface":"dan","lemma":"dan","morphology":"comparative conjunction","role":"introduces comparison with ik","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"standard of comparison after dan","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"relative pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of moet aanhoren","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"alles","lemma":"alles","morphology":"indefinite pronoun","role":"direct object of aanhoren","gloss":"it all"},{"surface":"moet","lemma":"moeten","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"modal auxiliary of aanhoren","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"aanhooren","lemma":"aanhoren","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"verb of relative clause modifying ik","gloss":"listen to"}]},{"number":43,"label":"43","id":"h9-s43","source":"U staat het vry, de hoofdstukken overteslaan, die naar duitsche opgewondenheid rieken, en u alleen bezig te houden met wat geschreven is door my, die een deftig man ben, en makelaar in koffi.","translation":"You are free to skip the chapters that reek of German exaltation, and to occupy yourself only with what is written by me, who am a respectable man, and a broker in coffee.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s43.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"U staat het vry, de hoofdstukken overteslaan","title":"Impersonal idiom 'het staat u vrij' + te-infinitive","body":"'het staat u vrij ... te' = 'you are free to...', an impersonal construction with dummy 'het' and dative 'u'; it governs 'overteslaan' (= over te slaan), the te-infinitive of separable 'overslaan'."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"die naar duitsche opgewondenheid rieken","title":"Relative 'die' + fixed preposition 'rieken naar'","body":"'die ... rieken' relativises 'hoofdstukken' (verb-final 'rieken', to smell); 'rieken naar' takes the fixed preposition 'naar' ('reek of'). 'duitsche' shows adjective -e and lowercase nationality."}],"words":[{"surface":"U","lemma":"u","morphology":"pronoun, dative","role":"indirect object of staat","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"staat","lemma":"staan","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"main verb in the idiom het staat u vrij","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"dummy pronoun, nominative","role":"formal subject of staat","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"vry","lemma":"vrij","morphology":"adjective","role":"predicative complement in het staat u vrij","gloss":"free"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of hoofdstukken","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hoofdstukken","lemma":"hoofdstuk","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"direct object of overslaan","gloss":"chapters"},{"surface":"overteslaan","lemma":"overslaan","morphology":"verb, infinitive with intervening te","role":"first infinitival subject complement of staat vrij","gloss":"skip"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"relative pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of rieken","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"naar","lemma":"naar","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking opgewondenheid","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"duitsche","lemma":"Duits","morphology":"adjective, attributive, inflected","role":"modifies opgewondenheid","gloss":"German"},{"surface":"opgewondenheid","lemma":"opgewondenheid","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"prepositional complement of rieken","gloss":"exaltation"},{"surface":"rieken","lemma":"rieken","morphology":"verb, present, plural","role":"verb of relative clause modifying hoofdstukken","gloss":"reek"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinates overslaan and houden","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"u","lemma":"u","morphology":"reflexive pronoun, accusative","role":"reflexive object of bezig houden","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"alleen","lemma":"alleen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bezig houden","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"bezig","lemma":"bezig","morphology":"adjective","role":"predicative complement of houden","gloss":"occupied"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"infinitive marker","role":"marks the infinitive houden","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"houden","lemma":"houden","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"second infinitival subject complement of staat vrij","gloss":"keep"},{"surface":"met","lemma":"met","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking wat","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"wat","lemma":"wat","morphology":"relative pronoun, neuter singular","role":"object of met and subject of is geschreven","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"geschreven","lemma":"schrijven","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"passive verb in relative clause","gloss":"written"},{"surface":"is","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"passive auxiliary of geschreven","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"door","lemma":"door","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mij","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"my","lemma":"mij","morphology":"pronoun, object form","role":"agent of passive geschreven","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"relative pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of ben","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of man","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"deftig","lemma":"deftig","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies man","gloss":"respectable"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"predicative complement of ben","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ben","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"copula linking die to man and makelaar","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinates man and makelaar","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"makelaar","lemma":"makelaar","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"predicative complement coordinated with man","gloss":"broker"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking koffie","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"koffi","lemma":"koffie","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"prepositional complement modifying makelaar","gloss":"coffee"}]},{"number":44,"label":"44","id":"h9-s44","source":"Met bevreemding heb ik uit Stern's geschryf vernomen--en uit Sjaalman's pak heeft hy me aangetoond dat het waar was--dat er in die afdeeling Lebak geen koffi wordt geplant.","translation":"With astonishment I learned from Stern's writing—and from Sjaalman's parcel he showed me that it was true—that in that district of Lebak no coffee is grown.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s44.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"heb ik uit Stern's geschryf vernomen","title":"Perfect + V2 inversion after fronted phrase","body":"Fronting 'Met bevreemding' forces V2 'heb ik'; 'vernomen' is the participle of vernemen (to learn) held to the end. 'geschryf' = 'geschrijf', y-spelled."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"dat er in die afdeeling Lebak geen koffi wordt geplant","title":"dat-clause + impersonal worden-passive + er + geen","body":"'dat' is verb-final; 'er ... geen koffi wordt geplant' is an impersonal process passive ('no coffee is grown') with existential 'er' and 'geen' negating the indefinite noun."}],"words":[{"surface":"Met","lemma":"met","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bevreemding","gloss":"With"},{"surface":"bevreemding","lemma":"bevreemding","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"prepositional adjunct of vernomen","gloss":"astonishment"},{"surface":"heb","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"auxiliary of vernomen","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of vernomen","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"uit","lemma":"uit","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking geschrijf","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Stern's","lemma":"Stern","morphology":"proper noun, possessive singular","role":"possessor of geschrijf","gloss":"Stern's"},{"surface":"geschryf","lemma":"geschrijf","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"prepositional complement of vernomen","gloss":"writing"},{"surface":"vernomen","lemma":"vernemen","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"learned"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the parenthetical addition","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"uit","lemma":"uit","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pak","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Sjaalman's","lemma":"Sjaalman","morphology":"proper noun, possessive singular","role":"possessor of pak","gloss":"Sjaalman's"},{"surface":"pak","lemma":"pak","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"prepositional adjunct of aangetoond","gloss":"parcel"},{"surface":"heeft","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"auxiliary of aangetoond","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"hy","lemma":"hij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of aangetoond","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"mij","morphology":"pronoun, unstressed dative","role":"indirect object of aangetoond","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"aangetoond","lemma":"aantonen","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"verb of parenthetical clause","gloss":"shown"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the content clause of aangetoond","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of was","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"waar","lemma":"waar","morphology":"adjective","role":"predicative complement of was","gloss":"true"},{"surface":"was","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, past, singular","role":"copula linking het to waar","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the content clause of vernomen","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"expletive adverb","role":"occupies the initial position in the passive clause","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking afdeeling","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"demonstrative determiner","role":"determiner of afdeeling","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"afdeeling","lemma":"afdeling","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"prepositional adjunct of geplant","gloss":"district"},{"surface":"Lebak","lemma":"Lebak","morphology":"proper noun, singular","role":"in apposition to afdeeling","gloss":"Lebak"},{"surface":"geen","lemma":"geen","morphology":"negative determiner","role":"determiner of koffie","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"koffi","lemma":"koffie","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of passive wordt geplant","gloss":"coffee"},{"surface":"wordt","lemma":"worden","morphology":"passive auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"passive auxiliary of geplant","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"geplant","lemma":"planten","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"verb of content clause introduced by dat","gloss":"grown"}]},{"number":45,"label":"45","id":"h9-s45","source":"Dit is zeer verkeerd, en ik zal myn moeite ruim beloond achten, als de Regeering door myn boek op die fout wordt opmerkzaam gemaakt.","translation":"This is very wrong, and I shall consider my trouble amply rewarded if the Government is, through my book, made aware of this fault.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s45.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ik zal myn moeite ruim beloond achten, als ...","title":"Future zullen + object-complement 'beloond achten'","body":"'zal ... achten' is the future; 'myn moeite ruim beloond achten' = 'consider my trouble amply rewarded' (achten + object + predicate participle). The 'als' clause is verb-final."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"als de Regeering ... op die fout wordt opmerkzaam gemaakt","title":"Worden-passive of separable 'opmerkzaam maken'","body":"'wordt opmerkzaam gemaakt' is the process passive ('is made aware'); 'iemand op iets opmerkzaam maken' is the idiom, here verb-final after 'als'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dit","lemma":"dit","morphology":"demonstrative pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of is","gloss":"This"},{"surface":"is","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"copula linking Dit to verkeerd","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"zeer","lemma":"zeer","morphology":"adverb","role":"intensifies verkeerd","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"verkeerd","lemma":"verkeerd","morphology":"adjective","role":"predicative complement of is","gloss":"wrong"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinates the principal clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of zal achten","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"zal","lemma":"zullen","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"auxiliary of achten","gloss":"shall"},{"surface":"myn","lemma":"mijn","morphology":"possessive determiner","role":"determiner of moeite","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"moeite","lemma":"moeite","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of achten","gloss":"trouble"},{"surface":"ruim","lemma":"ruim","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies beloond","gloss":"amply"},{"surface":"beloond","lemma":"belonen","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"predicative complement of moeite","gloss":"rewarded"},{"surface":"achten","lemma":"achten","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb governed by zal","gloss":"consider"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the conditional clause of wordt gemaakt","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of Regering","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Regeering","lemma":"regering","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of passive wordt gemaakt","gloss":"Government"},{"surface":"door","lemma":"door","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking boek","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"myn","lemma":"mijn","morphology":"possessive determiner","role":"determiner of boek","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"boek","lemma":"boek","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"instrumental complement of gemaakt","gloss":"book"},{"surface":"op","lemma":"op","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fout","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"demonstrative determiner","role":"determiner of fout","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"fout","lemma":"fout","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"prepositional complement of opmerkzaam","gloss":"fault"},{"surface":"wordt","lemma":"worden","morphology":"passive auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"passive auxiliary of gemaakt","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"opmerkzaam","lemma":"opmerkzaam","morphology":"adjective","role":"object complement in opmerkzaam gemaakt","gloss":"aware"},{"surface":"gemaakt","lemma":"maken","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"verb of conditional passive clause","gloss":"made"}]},{"number":46,"label":"46","id":"h9-s46","source":"Uit de papieren van Sjaalman zou blyken, dat de grond in die streken voor de koffikultuur niet geschikt is. Maar hierin ligt volstrekt geen verschooning, en ik beweer dat men zich schuldig maakt aan onvergeeflyk plichtverzuim omtrent Nederland in 't algemeen en de koffimakelaars in 't byzonder, ja omtrent de javanen zelf, door niet, òf dien grond te veranderen--de Javaan heeft toch niets anders te doen--òf, als men meent dit niet te kunnen, de menschen die dáár wonen, te zenden naar andere streken waar de grond wèl goed is voor koffi.","translation":"From Sjaalman's papers it would appear that the soil in those regions is unsuited to coffee cultivation. But in this there lies no excuse whatsoever, and I maintain that one is guilty of unforgivable neglect of duty toward the Netherlands in general and toward coffee-brokers in particular, indeed toward the Javanese themselves, by failing either to alter that soil—the Javanese has nothing else to do anyway—or, if one thinks this cannot be done, to send the people who live there off to other regions where the soil is indeed good for coffee.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s46.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"zou blyken, dat","title":"Conditional zou + final verb","body":"\"zou blyken\" is the conditional (zou + infinitive blijken), here softening a claim drawn from documents: 'it would appear that'. The following dat-clause is subordinate, so its verb 'is' falls to the end."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"men zich schuldig maakt","title":"Reflexive zich + impersonal men","body":"'men' is the impersonal 'one', and the 3rd-person reflexive 'zich' pairs with it: zich schuldig maken = 'to make oneself guilty'. Reflexive zich never changes form for number."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"koffikultuur / koffimakelaars / koffi","title":"Period spelling: koffi","body":"Modern Dutch spells it 'koffie'; the 1860 text drops the final -e. The compounds koffikultuur ('coffee cultivation') and koffimakelaars ('coffee-brokers') glue nouns together, as Dutch routinely does."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"onvergeeflyk plichtverzuim ... door niet ... te veranderen","title":"Period spelling -lyk and te-infinitive","body":"The suffix -lyk (modern -lijk, e.g. onvergeeflijk 'unforgivable') shows the 1860 habit of writing y for ij. 'door niet ... te veranderen' uses 'door + te-infinitive' to express the means: 'by failing to alter'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Uit","lemma":"uit","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking papieren","gloss":"From"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of papieren","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"papieren","lemma":"papier","morphology":"noun, neuter, plural","role":"object of uit","gloss":"papers"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Sjaalman","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Sjaalman","lemma":"Sjaalman","morphology":"proper noun, singular","role":"complement of van","gloss":"Sjaalman"},{"surface":"zou","lemma":"zullen","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, singular","role":"auxiliary of blyken","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"blyken","lemma":"blijken","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"appear"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of geschikt","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of grond","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"grond","lemma":"grond","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of is","gloss":"soil"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking streken","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of streken","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"streken","lemma":"streek","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"complement of in","gloss":"regions"},{"surface":"voor","lemma":"voor","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking koffikultuur","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of koffikultuur","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"koffikultuur","lemma":"koffiecultuur","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"complement of voor","gloss":"coffee cultivation"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies geschikt","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"geschikt","lemma":"geschikt","morphology":"adjective","role":"predicative complement of is","gloss":"suited"},{"surface":"is","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"copular verb, present, singular","role":"copula linking to geschikt","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Maar","lemma":"maar","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ligt","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"hierin","lemma":"hierin","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ligt","gloss":"in this"},{"surface":"ligt","lemma":"liggen","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"volstrekt","lemma":"volstrekt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies geen","gloss":"whatsoever"},{"surface":"geen","lemma":"geen","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of verschooning","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"verschooning","lemma":"verschoning","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ligt","gloss":"excuse"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of beweer","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"beweer","lemma":"beweren","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"main verb coordinated with ligt","gloss":"maintain"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of maakt","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of maakt","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"zich","lemma":"zich","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive object of maakt","gloss":"oneself"},{"surface":"schuldig","lemma":"schuldig","morphology":"adjective","role":"complement of maakt","gloss":"guilty"},{"surface":"maakt","lemma":"maken","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"clausal complement of beweer","gloss":"makes"},{"surface":"aan","lemma":"aan","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking plichtverzuim","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"onvergeeflyk","lemma":"onvergeeflijk","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies plichtverzuim","gloss":"unforgivable"},{"surface":"plichtverzuim","lemma":"plichtverzuim","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"complement of aan","gloss":"neglect of duty"},{"surface":"omtrent","lemma":"omtrent","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Nederland","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"Nederland","lemma":"Nederland","morphology":"proper noun, neuter, singular","role":"complement of omtrent","gloss":"the Netherlands"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking algemeen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"'t","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of algemeen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"algemeen","lemma":"algemeen","morphology":"adjective, nominalized","role":"complement of in","gloss":"general"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of koffimakelaars","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"koffimakelaars","lemma":"koffiemakelaar","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"complement of understood omtrent","gloss":"coffee brokers"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking byzonder","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"'t","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of byzonder","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"byzonder","lemma":"bijzonder","morphology":"adjective, nominalized","role":"complement of in","gloss":"particular"},{"surface":"ja","lemma":"ja","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizes the following phrase","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"omtrent","lemma":"omtrent","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking javanen","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of javanen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"javanen","lemma":"Javaan","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"complement of omtrent","gloss":"Javanese"},{"surface":"zelf","lemma":"zelf","morphology":"intensifying pronoun","role":"emphasizes javanen","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"door","lemma":"door","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the means clause","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates veranderen and zenden","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"òf","lemma":"of","morphology":"correlative conjunction","role":"introduces first alternative","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"dien","lemma":"die","morphology":"demonstrative determiner, masculine singular","role":"determiner of grond","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"grond","lemma":"grond","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of veranderen","gloss":"soil"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"infinitive marker","role":"marks infinitive veranderen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"veranderen","lemma":"veranderen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"first infinitive governed by door niet","gloss":"alter"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of Javaan","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Javaan","lemma":"Javaan","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of doen","gloss":"Javanese"},{"surface":"heeft","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"finite verb governing te doen","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"toch","lemma":"toch","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies doen","gloss":"anyway"},{"surface":"niets","lemma":"niets","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of doen","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"anders","lemma":"ander","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies niets","gloss":"else"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"infinitive marker","role":"marks infinitive doen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"doen","lemma":"doen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of heeft","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"òf","lemma":"of","morphology":"correlative conjunction","role":"introduces second alternative","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of meent","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of meent","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"meent","lemma":"menen","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"verb of conditional clause","gloss":"thinks"},{"surface":"dit","lemma":"dit","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of kunnen","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kunnen","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"infinitive marker","role":"marks infinitive kunnen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"kunnen","lemma":"kunnen","morphology":"modal verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of meent","gloss":"be able"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of menschen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"menschen","lemma":"mens","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of zenden","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of wonen","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"dáár","lemma":"daar","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies wonen","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"wonen","lemma":"wonen","morphology":"verb, present, plural","role":"relative clause on menschen","gloss":"live"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"infinitive marker","role":"marks infinitive zenden","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"zenden","lemma":"zenden","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"second infinitive governed by door niet","gloss":"send"},{"surface":"naar","lemma":"naar","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking streken","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"andere","lemma":"ander","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies streken","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"streken","lemma":"streek","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"complement of naar","gloss":"regions"},{"surface":"waar","lemma":"waar","morphology":"relative adverb","role":"introduces relative clause on streken","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of grond","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"grond","lemma":"grond","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of is","gloss":"soil"},{"surface":"wèl","lemma":"wel","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizes goed","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"goed","lemma":"goed","morphology":"adjective","role":"predicative complement of is","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"is","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"copular verb, present, singular","role":"copula linking to goed","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"voor","lemma":"voor","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking koffi","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"koffi","lemma":"koffie","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"complement of voor","gloss":"coffee"}]},{"number":47,"label":"47","id":"h9-s47","source":"Ik zeg nooit iets wat ik niet goed overwogen heb, en durf beweren dat ik hier met kennis van zaken spreek, daar ik over dit stuk rypelyk heb nagedacht, vooral sedert het hooren der preek van dominee Wawelaar in den bidstond voor 't bekeeren der heidenen.","translation":"I never say anything I have not thought over thoroughly, and I venture to assert that I speak here with knowledge of the matter, since I have reflected ripely on this subject, especially since hearing the sermon of the Reverend Wawelaar at the prayer meeting for the conversion of the heathen.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s47.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"iets wat ik niet goed overwogen heb","title":"Relative wat + perfect tense","body":"After the indefinite 'iets' the relative pronoun is 'wat', not 'dat': 'something that...'. The relative clause is subordinate, so the perfect 'heb ... overwogen' lands its participle at the end."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"daar ik ... heb nagedacht","title":"Causal daar + verb-final","body":"'daar' here is an archaic/literary subordinating conjunction meaning 'since, because' (modern: omdat/aangezien). It pushes the finite verb to the clause end: 'daar ik ... heb nagedacht'."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"rypelyk","title":"rijpelijk — 'ripely', maturely","body":"Period spelling for 'rijpelijk', literally 'ripely', i.e. thoroughly, at length. 'rijp' (ripe) extended to thought is itself archaic and faintly pompous — fitting Droogstoppel's self-importance."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"het hooren der preek / het bekeeren der heidenen","title":"Genitive der after a verbal noun","body":"'der preek' and 'der heidenen' are the frozen feminine/plural genitive 'der' ('of the'), governed by the nominalized infinitives het hooren / het bekeeren. Modern Dutch would say 'het horen van de preek'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of zeg","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"zeg","lemma":"zeggen","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"nooit","lemma":"nooit","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies zeg","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"iets","lemma":"iets","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of zeg","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"wat","lemma":"wat","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of overwogen","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of overwogen","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies overwogen","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"goed","lemma":"goed","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies overwogen","gloss":"thoroughly"},{"surface":"overwogen","lemma":"overwegen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"relative clause on iets","gloss":"thought over"},{"surface":"heb","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"auxiliary of overwogen","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"durf","lemma":"durven","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"main verb coordinated with zeg","gloss":"venture"},{"surface":"beweren","lemma":"beweren","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of durf","gloss":"to assert"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of spreek","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of spreek","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"hier","lemma":"hier","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies spreek","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"met","lemma":"met","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kennis","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"kennis","lemma":"kennis","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"complement of met","gloss":"knowledge"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking zaken","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"zaken","lemma":"zaak","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"complement of van","gloss":"matters"},{"surface":"spreek","lemma":"spreken","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"clausal complement of beweren","gloss":"speak"},{"surface":"daar","lemma":"daar","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of nagedacht","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of nagedacht","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"over","lemma":"over","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stuk","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"dit","lemma":"dit","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of stuk","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"stuk","lemma":"stuk","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of nagedacht","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"rypelyk","lemma":"rijpelijk","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nagedacht","gloss":"ripely"},{"surface":"heb","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"auxiliary of nagedacht","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"nagedacht","lemma":"nadenken","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"adverbial clause on spreek","gloss":"reflected"},{"surface":"vooral","lemma":"vooral","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sedert phrase","gloss":"especially"},{"surface":"sedert","lemma":"sedert","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hooren","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of hooren","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hooren","lemma":"horen","morphology":"verb, infinitive, nominalized","role":"complement of sedert","gloss":"hearing"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, genitive singular","role":"genitive determiner of preek","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"preek","lemma":"preek","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"genitive complement of hooren","gloss":"sermon"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dominee","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"dominee","lemma":"dominee","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"complement of van","gloss":"Reverend"},{"surface":"Wawelaar","lemma":"Wawelaar","morphology":"proper noun","role":"in apposition to dominee","gloss":"Wawelaar"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bidstond","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, masculine singular","role":"determiner of bidstond","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"bidstond","lemma":"bidstond","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"complement of in","gloss":"prayer meeting"},{"surface":"voor","lemma":"voor","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bekeeren","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"'t","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner nominalizing bekeeren","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"bekeeren","lemma":"bekeren","morphology":"verb, infinitive, nominalized","role":"complement of voor","gloss":"conversion"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, genitive plural","role":"genitive determiner of heidenen","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"heidenen","lemma":"heiden","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"genitive complement of bekeeren","gloss":"heathen"}]},{"number":48,"label":"48","id":"h9-s48","source":"Dat was woensdag avend.","translation":"That was Wednesday evening.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s48.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"woensdag avend","title":"avend / avond — 'evening'","body":"Period spelling of 'avond'. Multatuli writes it 'avend' throughout this chapter. Note Dutch lowercases weekday names (woensdag = Wednesday)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of was","gloss":"That"},{"surface":"was","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"copular verb, past, singular","role":"copula linking to avend","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"woensdag","lemma":"woensdag","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"modifies avend","gloss":"Wednesday"},{"surface":"avend","lemma":"avond","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"predicative complement of was","gloss":"evening"}]},{"number":49,"label":"49","id":"h9-s49","source":"Ge moet weten, lezer, dat ik myn plichten als vader stipt vervul, en dat de zedelyke opleiding myner kinderen me zeer na aan het hart ligt.","translation":"You must know, reader, that I fulfill my duties as a father punctiliously, and that the moral upbringing of my children lies very near my heart.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s49.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Ge moet weten, lezer","title":"Archaic pronoun ge + modal","body":"'ge' (and stressed 'gij') is the literary/solemn 'you' of 1860, where modern Dutch uses je/jij or u. The modal 'moet' sends the main verb 'weten' to the end as a bare infinitive."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"de zedelyke opleiding myner kinderen","title":"Possessive genitive myner","body":"'myner kinderen' is the inflected genitive of the possessive 'mijn': 'of my children'. This -er ending on a possessive is a case remnant; modern Dutch says 'de opvoeding van mijn kinderen'."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"me zeer na aan het hart ligt","title":"Idiom: na aan het hart liggen","body":"'iets ligt me na aan het hart' = 'something lies very close to my heart', i.e. I care deeply about it. The dative 'me' marks the person affected."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ge","lemma":"ge","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of weten","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"moet","lemma":"moeten","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"auxiliary of weten","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"weten","lemma":"weten","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"lezer","lemma":"lezer","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"vocative","gloss":"reader"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces complement clause of weten","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of vervul","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"myn","lemma":"mijn","morphology":"possessive determiner","role":"determiner of plichten","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"plichten","lemma":"plicht","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"direct object of vervul","gloss":"duties"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces role complement vader","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"vader","lemma":"vader","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"role complement of plichten","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"stipt","lemma":"stipt","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vervul","gloss":"punctiliously"},{"surface":"vervul","lemma":"vervullen","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"verb of first dat clause","gloss":"fulfill"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ligt","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of opleiding","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"zedelyke","lemma":"zedelijk","morphology":"adjective, inflected","role":"modifies opleiding","gloss":"moral"},{"surface":"opleiding","lemma":"opleiding","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ligt","gloss":"upbringing"},{"surface":"myner","lemma":"mijn","morphology":"possessive determiner, genitive plural","role":"determiner of kinderen","gloss":"of my"},{"surface":"kinderen","lemma":"kind","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"genitive complement of opleiding","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"me","morphology":"pronoun, dative","role":"dative complement of ligt","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"zeer","lemma":"zeer","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ligt","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"na","lemma":"na","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ligt","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"aan","lemma":"aan","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hart","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of hart","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hart","lemma":"hart","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of ligt","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ligt","lemma":"liggen","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"verb of second dat clause","gloss":"lies"}]},{"number":50,"label":"50","id":"h9-s50","source":"Daar nu Frits sedert eenigen tyd in toon en manieren iets heeft aangenomen, dat me niet bevalt--'t komt alles uit dat verwenschte pak!--heb ik hem eens goed onder-handen genomen, en gezegd: \"Frits, ik ben niet over je tevreden!","translation":"Now since Frits has for some time taken on something in his tone and manners that I do not like—it all comes from that wretched parcel!—I took him well in hand and said: \"Frits, I am not pleased with you!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s50.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Daar nu Frits ... iets heeft aangenomen ... heb ik hem ... genomen","title":"Fronted clause forces inversion","body":"The long 'Daar nu Frits...' clause occupies first position, so the main clause inverts to verb-first: 'heb ik hem...'. This is verb-second order counting the whole subordinate clause as element one."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"iets heeft aangenomen","title":"Separable verb aannemen in the perfect","body":"'aannemen' (to take on/adopt) is separable. In the perfect its participle is 'aangenomen', with the prefix 'aan-' welded back on around 'ge-'."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"onder-handen genomen","title":"Idiom: onder handen nemen","body":"'iemand onder handen nemen' = to take someone in hand, to give them a stern talking-to. 'dat verwenschte pak' (that wretched parcel) is the bundle of Sjaalman's papers driving the whole book."}],"words":[{"surface":"Daar","lemma":"daar","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces causal clause of aangenomen","gloss":"Since"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies aangenomen","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Frits","lemma":"Frits","morphology":"proper noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of aangenomen","gloss":"Frits"},{"surface":"sedert","lemma":"sedert","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tyd","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"eenigen","lemma":"enig","morphology":"indefinite determiner, inflected","role":"determiner of tyd","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"tyd","lemma":"tijd","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of aangenomen","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking toon","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"toon","lemma":"toon","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of aangenomen","gloss":"tone"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"manieren","lemma":"manier","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"coordinated with toon","gloss":"manners"},{"surface":"iets","lemma":"iets","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of aangenomen","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"heeft","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"auxiliary of aangenomen","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"aangenomen","lemma":"aannemen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"verb of causal clause","gloss":"taken on"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"relative pronoun","role":"subject of bevalt","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"me","morphology":"pronoun, dative","role":"dative object of bevalt","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bevalt","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"bevalt","lemma":"bevallen","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"relative clause on iets","gloss":"pleases"},{"surface":"'t","lemma":"het","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of komt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"komt","lemma":"komen","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"verb of parenthetical sentence","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"alles","lemma":"alles","morphology":"pronoun","role":"quantifies subject 't","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"uit","lemma":"uit","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pak","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of pak","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"verwenschte","lemma":"verwenst","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies pak","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"pak","lemma":"pak","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"complement of uit","gloss":"parcel"},{"surface":"heb","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"auxiliary of genomen and gezegd","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of genomen and gezegd","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"hem","lemma":"hem","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of genomen","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"eens","lemma":"eens","morphology":"adverb","role":"discourse adverb modifying genomen","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"goed","lemma":"goed","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies onder-handen genomen","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"onder-handen","lemma":"onder handen","morphology":"adverbial phrase","role":"part of idiom onder handen nemen","gloss":"in hand"},{"surface":"genomen","lemma":"nemen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"main participle governed by heb","gloss":"taken"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gezegd","lemma":"zeggen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"participle coordinated with genomen","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"Frits","lemma":"Frits","morphology":"proper noun, common gender, singular","role":"vocative","gloss":"Frits"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of ben","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ben","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"copular verb, present, singular","role":"copula linking to tevreden","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tevreden","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"over","lemma":"over","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking je","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, object form","role":"complement of over","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"tevreden","lemma":"tevreden","morphology":"adjective","role":"predicative complement of ben","gloss":"pleased"}]},{"number":51,"label":"51","id":"h9-s51","source":"Ik heb je altyd het goede voorgehouden, en toch wyk je van den rechten weg af. Je bent pedant en lastig, en maakt verzen, en je hebt Betsy Rosemeyer een zoen gegeven.","translation":"I have always held up to you what is good, and yet you stray from the right path. You are pedant and troublesome, and you make verses, and you have given Betsy Rosemeyer a kiss.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s51.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"toch wyk je van den rechten weg af","title":"Separable afwijken + V2","body":"The separable verb 'afwijken' (to deviate) splits: finite 'wyk' stays in second position, prefix 'af' goes to the end — 'wyk je ... af'. 'den rechten weg' keeps the old masculine accusative -n on article and adjective."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"je hebt ... gegeven","title":"Perfect with hebben","body":"'je hebt Betsy Rosemeyer een zoen gegeven' is a perfect tense: present of 'hebben' plus the participle 'gegeven' at the end. 'een zoen geven' = to give a kiss."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of voorgehouden","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"heb","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"auxiliary of voorgehouden","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, dative","role":"indirect object of voorgehouden","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"altyd","lemma":"altijd","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies voorgehouden","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner","role":"marks nominalized goede","gloss":"what is"},{"surface":"goede","lemma":"goed","morphology":"nominalized adjective, neuter singular","role":"direct object of voorgehouden","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"voorgehouden","lemma":"voorhouden","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"main verb with auxiliary heb","gloss":"held up"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links coordinated clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"toch","lemma":"toch","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies wyk ... af","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"wyk","lemma":"afwijken","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"finite base of separable verb wyk ... af","gloss":"gives way"},{"surface":"je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of wyk ... af","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces complement of wyk ... af","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, masculine oblique singular","role":"determiner of weg","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"rechten","lemma":"recht","morphology":"adjective, inflected","role":"modifies weg","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"weg","lemma":"weg","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of van","gloss":"path"},{"surface":"af","lemma":"af","morphology":"separable verb particle","role":"particle of wyk ... af","gloss":"strays"},{"surface":"Je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of bent and maakt","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"bent","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"copular verb, present, singular","role":"copula linking subject to pedant and lastig","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"pedant","lemma":"pedant","morphology":"adjective","role":"predicative complement of bent","gloss":"pedantic"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links predicative adjectives","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lastig","lemma":"lastig","morphology":"adjective","role":"predicative complement of bent, coordinated with pedant","gloss":"troublesome"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links coordinated predicates","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"maakt","lemma":"maken","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"predicate coordinated with bent","gloss":"make"},{"surface":"verzen","lemma":"vers","morphology":"noun, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of maakt","gloss":"verses"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links coordinated clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of hebt gegeven","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"hebt","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"auxiliary of gegeven","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"Betsy","lemma":"Betsy","morphology":"proper noun, singular","role":"first part of indirect object Betsy Rosemeyer","gloss":"Betsy"},{"surface":"Rosemeyer","lemma":"Rosemeyer","morphology":"proper noun, singular","role":"second part of indirect object Betsy Rosemeyer","gloss":"Rosemeyer"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of zoen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"zoen","lemma":"zoen","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of gegeven","gloss":"kiss"},{"surface":"gegeven","lemma":"geven","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"main verb with auxiliary hebt","gloss":"given"}]},{"number":52,"label":"52","id":"h9-s52","source":"De vreeze des Heeren is 't beginsel van alle wysheid, je moet dus de Rosemeyers niet zoenen, en niet zoo pedant wezen. Zedeloosheid brengt ten verderve, jongen.","translation":"The fear of the Lord is the beginning of all wisdom, so you must not kiss the Rosemeyers, and not be so pedantic. Immorality brings one to ruin, my boy.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s52.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"De vreeze des Heeren","title":"Genitive des — 'of the Lord'","body":"'des Heeren' is the frozen masculine/neuter genitive 'des' plus the genitive -(e)n on the noun: 'of the Lord'. This Statenbijbel phrasing is pure case-remnant grammar, kept for biblical solemnity."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"je moet dus ... niet zoenen, en niet zoo pedant wezen","title":"Modal moet + negation niet","body":"The modal 'moet' governs the bare infinitives 'zoenen' and 'wezen' (an archaic infinitive of 'zijn'). 'niet' negates the verbs; with no indefinite noun object, niet — not geen — is correct."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ten verderve","title":"ten verderve brengen — to bring to ruin","body":"'ten verderve' is a fossilized dative phrase ('to-the ruin'); the dative -e on 'verderf' survives only in such set expressions. brengen/leiden ten verderve = lead to perdition."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of vreeze","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"vreeze","lemma":"vrees","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of is","gloss":"fear"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, genitive singular","role":"genitive determiner of Heeren","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Heeren","lemma":"Heer","morphology":"proper noun, genitive singular","role":"genitive modifier of vreeze","gloss":"Lord"},{"surface":"is","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"copular verb, present, singular","role":"copula linking vreeze to beginsel","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"'t","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner, contracted","role":"determiner of beginsel","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"beginsel","lemma":"beginsel","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"predicative complement of is","gloss":"beginning"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces modifier of beginsel","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"alle","lemma":"al","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of wysheid","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"wysheid","lemma":"wijsheid","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of van","gloss":"wisdom"},{"surface":"je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of moet zoenen and wezen","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"moet","lemma":"moeten","morphology":"modal verb, present, singular","role":"modal auxiliary of zoenen and wezen","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"dus","lemma":"dus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies moet zoenen and wezen","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of Rosemeyers","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Rosemeyers","lemma":"Rosemeyer","morphology":"proper noun, plural","role":"direct object of zoenen","gloss":"Rosemeyers"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates zoenen","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"zoenen","lemma":"zoenen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of moet","gloss":"kiss"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links zoenen and wezen","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates wezen","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"zoo","lemma":"zo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pedant","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"pedant","lemma":"pedant","morphology":"adjective","role":"predicative complement of wezen","gloss":"pedantic"},{"surface":"wezen","lemma":"wezen","morphology":"copular verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of moet, coordinated with zoenen","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"Zedeloosheid","lemma":"zedeloosheid","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of brengt","gloss":"Immorality"},{"surface":"brengt","lemma":"brengen","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"brings"},{"surface":"ten","lemma":"te","morphology":"contracted preposition and determiner","role":"introduces result complement verderve","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"verderve","lemma":"verderf","morphology":"noun, neuter, archaic dative singular","role":"result complement of brengt","gloss":"ruin","note":"The fixed phrase ten verderve means ‘to ruin’ or ‘to destruction’."},{"surface":"jongen","lemma":"jongen","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"vocative","gloss":"boy"}]},{"number":53,"label":"53","id":"h9-s53","source":"Lees in de Schrift, en let eens op dien Sjaalman. Hy heeft de wegen van den Heer verlaten: nu is hy arm, en woont op een klein kamertje ... ziedaar de gevolgen van onzedelykheid en slecht gedrag!","translation":"Read in the Scriptures, and just look at that Sjaalman. He has forsaken the ways of the Lord: now he is poor, and lives in a little garret ... there you have the consequences of immorality and bad conduct!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s53.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Lees in de Schrift, en let eens op dien Sjaalman","title":"Imperatives with bare stem","body":"'Lees' and 'let ... op' are imperatives, the bare verb stem giving a command. 'let op' is separable, so the prefix 'op' trails to the end. 'dien' is the old accusative of 'die'."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"Hy heeft de wegen van den Heer verlaten","title":"Perfect tense, participle final","body":"Present of 'hebben' + participle 'verlaten' frames the perfect; the participle closes the clause. Note 'verlaten' is a strong verb whose participle has no ge- (the unstressed inseparable prefix ver- blocks it, as do be-, ont-, er-, her-, ge-)."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"een klein kamertje","title":"Diminutive kamertje","body":"'kamertje' is the diminutive of 'kamer' (room) — a little room, a garret — and like all -je/-tje diminutives it is neuter (het kamertje). Here it underscores Sjaalman's poverty."}],"words":[{"surface":"Lees","lemma":"lezen","morphology":"verb, imperative, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Read"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces complement of Lees","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of Schrift","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Schrift","lemma":"Schrift","morphology":"proper noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of in","gloss":"Scriptures"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links imperative clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"let","lemma":"letten","morphology":"verb, imperative, singular","role":"imperative verb governing an op-complement","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"eens","lemma":"eens","morphology":"modal adverb","role":"softens the imperative let","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"op","lemma":"op","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces complement of let","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"dien","lemma":"die","morphology":"demonstrative determiner, masculine oblique singular","role":"determiner of Sjaalman","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Sjaalman","lemma":"Sjaalman","morphology":"proper noun, singular","role":"object of let ... op","gloss":"Sjaalman"},{"surface":"Hy","lemma":"hij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of heeft verlaten","gloss":"He"},{"surface":"heeft","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"auxiliary of verlaten","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of wegen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"wegen","lemma":"weg","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of verlaten","gloss":"ways"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces modifier of wegen","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, masculine oblique singular","role":"determiner of Heer","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Heer","lemma":"Heer","morphology":"proper noun, singular","role":"object of van","gloss":"Lord"},{"surface":"verlaten","lemma":"verlaten","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"main verb with auxiliary heeft","gloss":"forsaken"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies is and woont","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"is","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"copular verb, present, singular","role":"copula linking hy to arm","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"hy","lemma":"hij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of is and woont","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"arm","lemma":"arm","morphology":"adjective","role":"predicative complement of is","gloss":"poor"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links predicates is arm and woont","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"woont","lemma":"wonen","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"predicate coordinated with is","gloss":"lives"},{"surface":"op","lemma":"op","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces locative complement of woont","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of kamertje","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"klein","lemma":"klein","morphology":"adjective, uninflected","role":"modifies kamertje","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"kamertje","lemma":"kamer","morphology":"noun, neuter, diminutive singular","role":"object of op","gloss":"room"},{"surface":"ziedaar","lemma":"ziedaar","morphology":"presentative adverb","role":"introduces gevolgen","gloss":"there you have"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of gevolgen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"gevolgen","lemma":"gevolg","morphology":"noun, neuter, plural","role":"presented noun phrase after ziedaar","gloss":"consequences"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces modifier of gevolgen","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"onzedelykheid","lemma":"onzedelijkheid","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of van","gloss":"immorality"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links onzedelykheid and gedrag","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"slecht","lemma":"slecht","morphology":"adjective, uninflected","role":"modifies gedrag","gloss":"bad"},{"surface":"gedrag","lemma":"gedrag","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of van, coordinated with onzedelykheid","gloss":"conduct"}]},{"number":54,"label":"54","id":"h9-s54","source":"Hy heeft verkeerde artikels in de Indépendance geschreven en de Aglaia laten vallen.","translation":"He has written wrongheaded articles in the Indépendance and let the Aglaia drop.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s54.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"heeft ... geschreven en ... laten vallen","title":"Causative laten + bare infinitive","body":"'de Aglaia laten vallen' = 'let the Aglaia drop'. The causative 'laten' takes a bare infinitive 'vallen'; in this perfect the whole 'laten vallen' sits at the end (a so-called infinitivus pro participio)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hy","lemma":"hij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of heeft geschreven and laten vallen","gloss":"He"},{"surface":"heeft","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"auxiliary of geschreven and laten vallen","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"verkeerde","lemma":"verkeerd","morphology":"adjective, inflected","role":"modifies artikels","gloss":"wrongheaded"},{"surface":"artikels","lemma":"artikel","morphology":"noun, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of geschreven","gloss":"articles"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces publication complement of geschreven","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of Indépendance","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Indépendance","lemma":"Indépendance","morphology":"proper noun, singular","role":"object of in","gloss":"Indépendance"},{"surface":"geschreven","lemma":"schrijven","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"main verb with auxiliary heeft","gloss":"written"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links geschreven and laten vallen","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of Aglaia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Aglaia","lemma":"Aglaia","morphology":"proper noun, singular","role":"direct object of laten and semantic subject of vallen","gloss":"Aglaia"},{"surface":"laten","lemma":"laten","morphology":"verb, infinitive perfect substitute","role":"main verb coordinated with geschreven, governed by heeft","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"vallen","lemma":"vallen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of laten","gloss":"drop"}]},{"number":55,"label":"55","id":"h9-s55","source":"Zoo gaat het, als men wys is in zyn eigen oogen. Hy weet nu niet eens hoe laat het is, en zyn jongetje heeft maar een half broekjen aan.","translation":"That is how it goes, when a man is wise in his own eyes. He does not even know now what time it is, and his little boy has only half a pair of trousers on.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s55.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Zoo gaat het, als men wys is","title":"Fronted Zoo + V2; subordinate als","body":"Fronting 'Zoo' triggers inversion 'gaat het'. The 'als'-clause is subordinate, so its verb 'is' goes last: 'als men wys is'. 'het gaat zoo' = that is how it goes."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"zyn jongetje heeft maar een half broekjen aan","title":"Diminutives jongetje / broekjen","body":"Two diminutives: 'jongetje' (little boy) and 'broekjen' (little pair of trousers, period -jen for -je). Both are neuter. 'heeft ... aan' is separable aanhebben, 'to have on / be wearing'."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"wys is in zyn eigen oogen","title":"Idiom: wijs in eigen ogen","body":"A biblical idiom (Proverbs): 'wijs in zijn eigen ogen' = wise in his own eyes, i.e. self-conceited. Droogstoppel quotes Scripture to condemn the very man he envies."}],"words":[{"surface":"Zoo","lemma":"zo","morphology":"adverb","role":"manner complement of gaat","gloss":"That is how"},{"surface":"gaat","lemma":"gaan","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"goes"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter singular","role":"subject of gaat","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces subordinate clause men wys is","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"indefinite pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of is","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"wys","lemma":"wijs","morphology":"adjective","role":"predicative complement of is","gloss":"wise"},{"surface":"is","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"copular verb, present, singular","role":"verb of subordinate clause","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces idiomatic complement of wys","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"zyn","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"possessive determiner, singular","role":"determiner of oogen","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"eigen","lemma":"eigen","morphology":"adjective, uninflected","role":"modifies oogen","gloss":"own"},{"surface":"oogen","lemma":"oog","morphology":"noun, neuter, plural","role":"object of in","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"Hy","lemma":"hij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of weet","gloss":"He"},{"surface":"weet","lemma":"weten","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"knows"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies weet","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates weet","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"eens","lemma":"eens","morphology":"focus adverb","role":"forms niet eens with niet","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"hoe","lemma":"hoe","morphology":"interrogative adverb","role":"introduces indirect question hoe laat het is","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"laat","lemma":"laat","morphology":"adjective","role":"predicative complement of is in time expression","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter singular","role":"subject of is","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"is","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"copular verb, present, singular","role":"verb of indirect question","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links coordinated clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"zyn","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"possessive determiner, singular","role":"determiner of jongetje","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"jongetje","lemma":"jongen","morphology":"noun, neuter, diminutive singular","role":"subject of heeft ... aan","gloss":"little boy"},{"surface":"heeft","lemma":"aanhebben","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"finite base of separable verb heeft ... aan","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"maar","lemma":"maar","morphology":"focus adverb","role":"modifies een half broekjen","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of broekjen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"half","lemma":"half","morphology":"adjective, uninflected","role":"modifies broekjen","gloss":"half"},{"surface":"broekjen","lemma":"broek","morphology":"noun, neuter, diminutive singular","role":"direct object of heeft ... aan","gloss":"pair of trousers","note":"Broekjen is an older diminutive spelling of modern broekje."},{"surface":"aan","lemma":"aan","morphology":"separable verb particle","role":"particle of heeft ... aan","gloss":"wears"}]},{"number":56,"label":"56","id":"h9-s56","source":"Bedenk dat je lichaam een tempel Gods is, en dat je vader altyd hard heeft moeten werken voor den kost--'t is de waarheid!--sla dus 't oog naar boven, en tracht optegroeien tot een fatsoenlyk makelaar, als ik naar Driebergen ga.","translation":"Remember that your body is a temple of God, and that your father has always had to work hard for his bread—it is the truth!—so lift your eyes upward, and try to grow up into a respectable broker, when I go off to Driebergen.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s56.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"je vader altyd hard heeft moeten werken","title":"Modal in the perfect (double infinitive)","body":"'heeft moeten werken' stacks the perfect of the modal 'moeten' with the main verb: literally 'has had-to work'. The modal appears as an infinitive 'moeten', not a participle — the infinitivus pro participio rule."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"tracht optegroeien","title":"te-infinitive written as one word","body":"'optegroeien' = op-te-groeien, the separable verb 'opgroeien' (to grow up) with 'te' inserted; 1860 spelling joins all three. 'trachten' governs a te-infinitive: 'try to grow up'."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"voor den kost","title":"voor de kost werken — to work for a living","body":"'de kost' = (one's) keep, livelihood; 'voor den kost werken' = to work for one's bread. 'den' is the old masculine accusative article."}],"words":[{"surface":"Bedenk","lemma":"bedenken","morphology":"verb, imperative, singular","role":"main verb governing coordinated dat-clauses","gloss":"Remember"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces clause je lichaam ... is","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"je","lemma":"je","morphology":"possessive determiner, singular","role":"determiner of lichaam","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"lichaam","lemma":"lichaam","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of is","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of tempel","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tempel","lemma":"tempel","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"predicative complement of is","gloss":"temple"},{"surface":"Gods","lemma":"God","morphology":"proper noun, genitive singular","role":"genitive modifier of tempel","gloss":"of God"},{"surface":"is","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"copular verb, present, singular","role":"verb of first dat-clause","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links coordinated dat-clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces clause je vader ... werken","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"je","lemma":"je","morphology":"possessive determiner, singular","role":"determiner of vader","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"vader","lemma":"vader","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of heeft moeten werken","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"altyd","lemma":"altijd","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies heeft moeten werken","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"hard","lemma":"hard","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies werken","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"heeft","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"perfect auxiliary of moeten werken","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"moeten","lemma":"moeten","morphology":"modal verb, infinitive perfect substitute","role":"modal auxiliary of werken","gloss":"had to"},{"surface":"werken","lemma":"werken","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of second dat-clause","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"voor","lemma":"voor","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces purpose complement den kost","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, masculine oblique singular","role":"determiner of kost","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"kost","lemma":"kost","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of voor","gloss":"bread","note":"Voor den kost werken means to work for one’s livelihood."},{"surface":"'t","lemma":"het","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, contracted","role":"subject of is","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"is","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"copular verb, present, singular","role":"copula linking 't to waarheid","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of waarheid","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"waarheid","lemma":"waarheid","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"predicative complement of is","gloss":"truth"},{"surface":"sla","lemma":"slaan","morphology":"verb, imperative, singular","role":"main verb of imperative clause","gloss":"lift"},{"surface":"dus","lemma":"dus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sla and tracht","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"'t","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner, contracted","role":"determiner of oog","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"oog","lemma":"oog","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of sla","gloss":"eye"},{"surface":"naar","lemma":"naar","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces directional complement of sla","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"boven","lemma":"boven","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of naar in directional phrase","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links imperatives sla and tracht","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tracht","lemma":"trachten","morphology":"verb, imperative, singular","role":"main verb coordinated with sla","gloss":"try"},{"surface":"optegroeien","lemma":"opgroeien","morphology":"verb, infinitive with te","role":"infinitive complement of tracht","gloss":"to grow up","note":"The modern spelling separates this as op te groeien."},{"surface":"tot","lemma":"tot","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces result complement of optegroeien","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of makelaar","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"fatsoenlyk","lemma":"fatsoenlijk","morphology":"adjective, uninflected","role":"modifies makelaar","gloss":"respectable"},{"surface":"makelaar","lemma":"makelaar","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of tot","gloss":"broker"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces temporal clause ik ... ga","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of ga","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"naar","lemma":"naar","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces destination of ga","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Driebergen","lemma":"Driebergen","morphology":"proper noun, singular","role":"object of naar","gloss":"Driebergen"},{"surface":"ga","lemma":"gaan","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"verb of temporal subordinate clause","gloss":"go off"}]},{"number":57,"label":"57","id":"h9-s57","source":"En let toch op al de menschen die niet hooren willen naar goeden raad, die godsdienst en zedelykheid met voeten trappen, en spiegel je aan die menschen.","translation":"And do take note of all the people who will not listen to good advice, who trample religion and morality underfoot, and take warning from those people.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s57.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"al de menschen die niet hooren willen","title":"Relative die + modal at clause end","body":"'die' relativizes the de-word 'menschen' (people). Inside this subordinate clause the modal 'willen' and its infinitive 'hooren' cluster at the end: 'die niet hooren willen'."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"met voeten trappen","title":"Idiom: met voeten treden/trappen","body":"'iets met voeten trappen' = to trample something underfoot, i.e. to despise or violate it utterly. Here religion and morality are 'trampled underfoot'."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"spiegel je aan die menschen","title":"Reflexive imperative zich spiegelen","body":"'zich spiegelen aan' = to take warning/example from; the imperative keeps the reflexive 'je'. 'die menschen' uses the demonstrative 'die' for a de-word plural."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links this imperative to the preceding discourse","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"let","lemma":"letten","morphology":"verb, imperative, singular","role":"imperative verb governing an op-complement","gloss":"pay attention"},{"surface":"toch","lemma":"toch","morphology":"modal adverb","role":"adds emphasis to imperative let","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"op","lemma":"op","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces complement of let","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"predeterminer","role":"quantifies de menschen","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of menschen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"menschen","lemma":"mens","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"object of let ... op","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"relative pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of willen","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates willen hooren","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"hooren","lemma":"horen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of willen","gloss":"listen"},{"surface":"willen","lemma":"willen","morphology":"modal verb, present, plural","role":"finite verb of relative clause","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"naar","lemma":"naar","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces complement of hooren","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"goeden","lemma":"goed","morphology":"adjective, masculine oblique singular","role":"modifies raad","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"raad","lemma":"raad","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of naar","gloss":"advice"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"relative pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of trappen","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"godsdienst","lemma":"godsdienst","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of trappen","gloss":"religion"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links godsdienst and zedelykheid","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"zedelykheid","lemma":"zedelijkheid","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of trappen, coordinated with godsdienst","gloss":"morality"},{"surface":"met","lemma":"met","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces idiomatic complement voeten","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"voeten","lemma":"voet","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"object of met in met voeten trappen","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"trappen","lemma":"trappen","morphology":"verb, present, plural","role":"finite verb of relative clause modifying menschen","gloss":"trample"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links imperatives let and spiegel","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"spiegel","lemma":"spiegelen","morphology":"verb, imperative, singular","role":"main verb of coordinated imperative clause","gloss":"take warning","note":"Zich aan iemand spiegelen means to take someone as a warning or example."},{"surface":"je","lemma":"zich","morphology":"reflexive pronoun, singular","role":"reflexive object of spiegel","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"aan","lemma":"aan","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces complement of spiegel je","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"demonstrative determiner, plural","role":"determiner of menschen","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"menschen","lemma":"mens","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"object of aan","gloss":"people"}]},{"number":58,"label":"58","id":"h9-s58","source":"En stel je niet gelyk met Stern, wiens vader zoo ryk is, en die altyd geld genoeg zal hebben, al wil hy geen makelaar worden, en al doet hy nu-en-dan eens wat verkeerds.","translation":"And do not set yourself on a level with Stern, whose father is so rich, and who will always have money enough, even though he does not want to become a broker, and even though he does something wrong now and then.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s58.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"stel je niet gelyk met Stern","title":"Reflexive separable zich gelijkstellen","body":"'zich gelijkstellen met' = to put oneself on a level with; reflexive 'je' plus the separating prefix 'gelyk'. The negative imperative inserts 'niet' before it."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"die altyd geld genoeg zal hebben","title":"Future with zullen in a relative clause","body":"'zal hebben' is the future: 'zullen' + infinitive 'hebben', here at the end of the 'die'-relative clause. 'geld genoeg' = enough money (genoeg follows the noun)."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"al wil hy geen makelaar worden","title":"Concessive al + inversion","body":"'al wil hy...' = 'even though he wants...'; concessive 'al' fronts and triggers inversion (verb before subject). 'geen makelaar' uses geen, because 'makelaar' is an indefinite noun being negated."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of stel","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"stel","lemma":"stellen","morphology":"verb, imperative, singular","role":"main verb of the first clause","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"je","lemma":"je","morphology":"reflexive pronoun, accusative","role":"reflexive object of stel","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stel","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"gelyk","lemma":"gelijk","morphology":"separable particle","role":"particle of stel ... gelijk","gloss":"equal"},{"surface":"met","lemma":"met","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Stern","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Stern","lemma":"Stern","morphology":"proper noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of met","gloss":"Stern"},{"surface":"wiens","lemma":"wie","morphology":"relative possessive pronoun","role":"possessive determiner of vader","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"vader","lemma":"vader","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of is","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"zoo","lemma":"zo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ryk","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ryk","lemma":"rijk","morphology":"adjective, predicative","role":"subject complement of vader","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"is","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"copula linking vader and ryk","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"relative pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of zal hebben","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"altyd","lemma":"altijd","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies zal hebben","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"geld","lemma":"geld","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hebben","gloss":"money"},{"surface":"genoeg","lemma":"genoeg","morphology":"indefinite quantifier","role":"postmodifier of geld","gloss":"enough"},{"surface":"zal","lemma":"zullen","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"auxiliary of hebben","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"hebben","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive governed by zal","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of wil","gloss":"even though"},{"surface":"wil","lemma":"willen","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"main verb of concessive clause","gloss":"wants"},{"surface":"hy","lemma":"hij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of wil","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"geen","lemma":"geen","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of makelaar","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"makelaar","lemma":"makelaar","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"complement of worden","gloss":"broker"},{"surface":"worden","lemma":"worden","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of wil","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of doet","gloss":"even though"},{"surface":"doet","lemma":"doen","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"main verb of concessive clause","gloss":"does"},{"surface":"hy","lemma":"hij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of doet","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"nu-en-dan","lemma":"nu en dan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies doet","gloss":"now and then"},{"surface":"eens","lemma":"eens","morphology":"adverb","role":"modal particle modifying doet","gloss":"occasionally"},{"surface":"wat","lemma":"wat","morphology":"indefinite pronoun","role":"determiner of nominalized verkeerds","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"verkeerds","lemma":"verkeerd","morphology":"nominalized adjective, neuter singular","role":"direct object of doet","gloss":"wrong"}]},{"number":59,"label":"59","id":"h9-s59","source":"Bedenk toch dat al het kwade gestraft wordt: zie maar weer dien Sjaalman die geen winterjas heeft, en er uitziet als een komediespeler.","translation":"Remember, after all, that all wickedness is punished: just look again at that Sjaalman who has no winter coat, and looks like a play-actor.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s59.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"al het kwade gestraft wordt","title":"worden-passive (process passive)","body":"'gestraft wordt' = 'is (being) punished': the worden-passive, 'worden' + past participle 'gestraft'. In this subordinate dat-clause the verb cluster sits at the end."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"dien Sjaalman die geen winterjas heeft, en er uitziet","title":"Demonstrative dien + separable eruitzien","body":"'dien' is the old accusative of demonstrative 'die'. 'er uitziet als' is separable 'eruitzien' (to look like); 'er' here is part of the fixed verb. geen winterjas: negating an indefinite noun."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"komediespeler","title":"komediespeler — play-actor","body":"Literally 'comedy-player', i.e. an actor — a compound and, from the pious Droogstoppel, an insult implying frivolity and disrepute."}],"words":[{"surface":"Bedenk","lemma":"bedenken","morphology":"verb, imperative, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Remember"},{"surface":"toch","lemma":"toch","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Bedenk","gloss":"after all"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of wordt","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"determiner","role":"predeterminer of het kwade","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of kwade","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"kwade","lemma":"kwaad","morphology":"nominalized adjective, neuter singular","role":"subject of wordt gestraft","gloss":"wickedness"},{"surface":"gestraft","lemma":"straffen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"past participle in passive wordt gestraft","gloss":"punished"},{"surface":"wordt","lemma":"worden","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"passive auxiliary of gestraft","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"zie","lemma":"zien","morphology":"verb, imperative, singular","role":"main verb of the second clause","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"maar","lemma":"maar","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies zie","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"weer","lemma":"weer","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies zie","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"dien","lemma":"die","morphology":"demonstrative determiner, masculine singular","role":"determiner of Sjaalman","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Sjaalman","lemma":"Sjaalman","morphology":"proper noun, singular","role":"direct object of zie","gloss":"Sjaalman"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"relative pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of heeft","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"geen","lemma":"geen","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of winterjas","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"winterjas","lemma":"winterjas","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of heeft","gloss":"winter coat"},{"surface":"heeft","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"main verb of relative clause","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"adverb","role":"pronominal adverb in eruitzien","gloss":"in appearance"},{"surface":"uitziet","lemma":"uitzien","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"main verb coordinated with heeft","gloss":"looks"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces comparison complement","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of komediespeler","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"komediespeler","lemma":"komediespeler","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of als","gloss":"play-actor"}]},{"number":60,"label":"60","id":"h9-s60","source":"Luister toch goed in de kerk, en zit daar niet zoo heen-en-weer te draaien op je bank, alsof 't je verveelde, jongen, want ... wat moet God daarvan denken? De kerk is Zyn heiligdom, zie je?","translation":"Do listen properly in church, and do not sit there fidgeting back and forth on your pew, as if it bored you, my boy, for ... what must God think of that? The church is His sanctuary, you see?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s60.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"zit daar niet zoo ... te draaien ... alsof 't je verveelde","title":"zitten te + infinitive; alsof + past subjunctive","body":"'zit ... te draaien' is the aspectual 'zitten te + infinitive' (to sit fidgeting). 'alsof 't je verveelde' uses 'alsof' (as if) with a past-tense verb at clause end, the irrealis 'as if it bored you'."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"De kerk is Zyn heiligdom, zie je?","title":"Possessive Zyn; tag 'zie je?'","body":"'Zyn' (period spelling of 'zijn') = His. The capital is reverent (God's). 'zie je?' is a conversational tag, 'you see?', with inverted present-tense 'zie je'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Luister","lemma":"luisteren","morphology":"verb, imperative, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Listen"},{"surface":"toch","lemma":"toch","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Luister","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"goed","lemma":"goed","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Luister","gloss":"properly"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kerk","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of kerk","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"kerk","lemma":"kerk","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of Luister","gloss":"church"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"zit","lemma":"zitten","morphology":"verb, imperative, singular","role":"coordinated with Luister","gloss":"sit"},{"surface":"daar","lemma":"daar","morphology":"adverb","role":"oblique complement of zit","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates zit te draaien","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"zoo","lemma":"zo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies draaien","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"heen-en-weer","lemma":"heen en weer","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies draaien","gloss":"back and forth"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"infinitival particle","role":"marks the infinitive draaien","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"draaien","lemma":"draaien","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of zit","gloss":"fidget"},{"surface":"op","lemma":"op","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bank","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"je","lemma":"je","morphology":"possessive determiner","role":"possessive determiner of bank","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"bank","lemma":"bank","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of draaien","gloss":"pew"},{"surface":"alsof","lemma":"alsof","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of verveelde","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"'t","lemma":"het","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of verveelde","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of verveelde","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"verveelde","lemma":"vervelen","morphology":"verb, past, singular","role":"main verb of alsof-clause","gloss":"bored"},{"surface":"jongen","lemma":"jongen","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, vocative","role":"vocative addressing the boy","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"want","lemma":"want","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the reason clause","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"wat","lemma":"wat","morphology":"interrogative pronoun","role":"object of denken","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"moet","lemma":"moeten","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"auxiliary of denken","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"God","lemma":"God","morphology":"proper noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of denken","gloss":"God"},{"surface":"daarvan","lemma":"daarvan","morphology":"pronominal adverb","role":"prepositional complement of denken","gloss":"of that"},{"surface":"denken","lemma":"denken","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive governed by moet","gloss":"think"},{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of kerk","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"kerk","lemma":"kerk","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of is","gloss":"church"},{"surface":"is","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"copula linking kerk and heiligdom","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Zyn","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"possessive determiner","role":"possessive determiner of heiligdom","gloss":"His"},{"surface":"heiligdom","lemma":"heiligdom","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"subject complement of kerk","gloss":"sanctuary"},{"surface":"zie","lemma":"zien","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"parenthetical main verb","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of zie","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":61,"label":"61","id":"h9-s61","source":"En wacht geen jonge meisjes op als 't uit is, want dit neemt de stichting weg. Maak ook Marie niet aan 't lachen, als ik by 't ontbyt uit de Schrift lees.","translation":"And do not wait outside for young girls when the service is over, for that undoes the edification. And do not set Marie laughing either, when I read from the Scriptures at breakfast.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s61.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"wacht geen jonge meisjes op als 't uit is","title":"Separable opwachten; subordinate als","body":"Negative imperative of separable 'opwachten' (to wait for / lie in wait for): 'wacht ... op'. The 'als'-clause is subordinate so 'is' goes last. ''t is uit' = the service is over."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"Maak ook Marie niet aan 't lachen","title":"Idiom: aan het lachen maken","body":"'iemand aan het lachen maken' = to set someone laughing. The negative imperative wraps the object 'Marie' before 'aan 't lachen'. ''t' is the clitic 'het'."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of wacht","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"wacht","lemma":"wachten","morphology":"verb, imperative, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wait"},{"surface":"geen","lemma":"geen","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of meisjes under negation","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"jonge","lemma":"jong","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies meisjes","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"meisjes","lemma":"meisje","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"direct object of wacht ... op","gloss":"girls"},{"surface":"op","lemma":"op","morphology":"separable particle","role":"particle of wacht ... op","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of uit","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"'t","lemma":"het","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of is","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"uit","lemma":"uit","morphology":"adverb, predicative","role":"subject complement of het","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"is","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"copula linking het and uit","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"want","lemma":"want","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the reason clause","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"dit","lemma":"dit","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of neemt","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"neemt","lemma":"nemen","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"finite base of neemt ... weg","gloss":"takes"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of stichting","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"stichting","lemma":"stichting","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of neemt ... weg","gloss":"edification"},{"surface":"weg","lemma":"weg","morphology":"separable particle","role":"particle of neemt ... weg","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"Maak","lemma":"maken","morphology":"verb, imperative, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Set"},{"surface":"ook","lemma":"ook","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Maak","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"Marie","lemma":"Marie","morphology":"proper noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of Maak","gloss":"Marie"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Maak","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"aan","lemma":"aan","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of aan het lachen maken","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"'t","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner","role":"article in aan het lachen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"lachen","lemma":"lachen","morphology":"verbal noun, neuter singular","role":"object of aan in aan het lachen","gloss":"laughing"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of lees","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of lees","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"by","lemma":"bij","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ontbyt","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"'t","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of ontbyt","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ontbyt","lemma":"ontbijt","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of by","gloss":"breakfast"},{"surface":"uit","lemma":"uit","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Schrift","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of Schrift","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Schrift","lemma":"Schrift","morphology":"proper noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of uit","gloss":"Scriptures"},{"surface":"lees","lemma":"lezen","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"main verb of als-clause","gloss":"read"}]},{"number":62,"label":"62","id":"h9-s62","source":"Dat komt in een fatsoenlyk huishouden niet te-pas. Ook heb je poppetjes geteekend op 't legblad van Bastiaans, toen de man weer niet binnen was--omdat hy telkens de jicht heeft--dat houdt de menschen op 't kantoor van hun werk, en er staat in Gods Woord dat zulke dwaasheden ten-verderve leiden.","translation":"That is not seemly in a respectable household. You have also drawn little figures on Bastiaans's blotting-pad, when the man was once again not in—because he keeps getting the gout—and that keeps the people at the office from their work, and it stands in God's Word that such foolishness leads to ruin.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s62.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"komt ... niet te-pas","title":"Separable te pas komen","body":"'te pas komen' = to be fitting/proper. With 'niet' it means 'is not seemly'. 'Dat' is the subject in first position and 'komt' follows in V2 — standard subject-verb order, not inversion. 1860 hyphenates 'te-pas'."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"heb je poppetjes geteekend ... toen de man weer niet binnen was","title":"Perfect + subordinate toen","body":"'heb je ... geteekend' is the perfect (geteekend = period spelling of 'getekend'). 'toen' (when, in the past) is subordinating, so 'was' moves to the end of its clause."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"dat zulke dwaasheden ten-verderve leiden","title":"dat-clause, verb final; archaic zulk","body":"Subordinating 'dat' sends 'leiden' to the end. 'zulke' (such) is a literary/emphatic determiner. 'ten-verderve leiden' = lead to ruin, the same fossilized dative as in s52."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"legblad / poppetjes / de jicht","title":"legblad, poppetjes, jicht","body":"'legblad' = blotting-pad (a desk pad); 'poppetjes' = little figures/doodles (diminutive of pop); 'de jicht' = the gout. These domestic-office details color the comedy."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of komt","gloss":"That"},{"surface":"komt","lemma":"komen","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking huishouden","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of huishouden","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"fatsoenlyk","lemma":"fatsoenlijk","morphology":"adjective, attributive","role":"modifies huishouden","gloss":"respectable"},{"surface":"huishouden","lemma":"huishouden","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of in","gloss":"household"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies komt","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"te-pas","lemma":"te pas","morphology":"adverbial expression","role":"predicative complement of komt","gloss":"seemly"},{"surface":"Ook","lemma":"ook","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies geteekend","gloss":"Also"},{"surface":"heb","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"auxiliary of geteekend","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of geteekend","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"poppetjes","lemma":"poppetje","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"direct object of geteekend","gloss":"little figures"},{"surface":"geteekend","lemma":"tekenen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"past participle governed by heb","gloss":"drawn"},{"surface":"op","lemma":"op","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking legblad","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"'t","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of legblad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"legblad","lemma":"legblad","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of op","gloss":"blotting-pad"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Bastiaans","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Bastiaans","lemma":"Bastiaans","morphology":"proper noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of van","gloss":"Bastiaans"},{"surface":"toen","lemma":"toen","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of binnen","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of man","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of was","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"weer","lemma":"weer","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies niet","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies binnen","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"binnen","lemma":"binnen","morphology":"adverb, predicative","role":"subject complement of man","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"was","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, past, singular","role":"copula linking man and binnen","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"omdat","lemma":"omdat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of heeft","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"hy","lemma":"hij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of heeft","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"telkens","lemma":"telkens","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies heeft","gloss":"repeatedly"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of jicht","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"jicht","lemma":"jicht","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of heeft","gloss":"gout"},{"surface":"heeft","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"main verb of omdat-clause","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of houdt","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"houdt","lemma":"houden","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"main verb of the clause","gloss":"keeps"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of menschen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"menschen","lemma":"mens","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"direct object of houdt","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"op","lemma":"op","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kantoor","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"'t","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of kantoor","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"kantoor","lemma":"kantoor","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of op","gloss":"office"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking werk","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"hun","lemma":"hun","morphology":"possessive determiner","role":"possessive determiner of werk","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"werk","lemma":"werk","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of van","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"expletive adverb","role":"expletive subject marker with staat","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"staat","lemma":"staan","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"main verb coordinated with houdt","gloss":"stands"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Gods","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Gods","lemma":"God","morphology":"proper noun, singular","role":"possessor of Woord","gloss":"God's"},{"surface":"Woord","lemma":"woord","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of in","gloss":"Word"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of leiden","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"zulke","lemma":"zulk","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of dwaasheden","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"dwaasheden","lemma":"dwaasheid","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"subject of leiden","gloss":"foolish acts"},{"surface":"ten-verderve","lemma":"ten verderve","morphology":"adverbial expression","role":"result complement of leiden","gloss":"to ruin"},{"surface":"leiden","lemma":"leiden","morphology":"verb, present, plural","role":"main verb of content clause","gloss":"lead"}]},{"number":63,"label":"63","id":"h9-s63","source":"Die Sjaalman deed ook verkeerde dingen toen hy jong was: hy heeft als kind op de Westermarkt een Griek geslagen ... nu is hy lui, pedant en ziekelyk, ziedaar!","translation":"That Sjaalman did wrong things too when he was young: as a child he struck a Greek on the Westermarkt ... now he is lazy, pedant, and sickly, there you have it!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s63.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"deed ook verkeerde dingen toen hy jong was","title":"Simple past (imperfect) of doen + zijn","body":"'deed' is the strong past of 'doen', 'was' the past of 'zijn' — the narrative imperfect. The subordinate 'toen'-clause again drives 'was' to the end."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"hy heeft ... een Griek geslagen","title":"Perfect: heeft + geslagen","body":"Perfect of strong 'slaan' (to strike), participle 'geslagen', closing the clause. The mock-grave list 'lui, pedant en ziekelyk' caps the slander."}],"words":[{"surface":"Die","lemma":"die","morphology":"demonstrative determiner","role":"determiner of Sjaalman","gloss":"That"},{"surface":"Sjaalman","lemma":"Sjaalman","morphology":"proper noun, singular","role":"subject of deed","gloss":"Sjaalman"},{"surface":"deed","lemma":"doen","morphology":"verb, past, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"ook","lemma":"ook","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies deed","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"verkeerde","lemma":"verkeerd","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies dingen","gloss":"wrong"},{"surface":"dingen","lemma":"ding","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"direct object of deed","gloss":"things"},{"surface":"toen","lemma":"toen","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of jong","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"hy","lemma":"hij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of was","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"jong","lemma":"jong","morphology":"adjective, predicative","role":"subject complement of hy","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"was","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, past, singular","role":"copula linking hy and jong","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"hy","lemma":"hij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of heeft","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"heeft","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"auxiliary of geslagen","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the role complement kind","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"kind","lemma":"kind","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of als; depicts the subject","gloss":"a child"},{"surface":"op","lemma":"op","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Westermarkt","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of Westermarkt","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Westermarkt","lemma":"Westermarkt","morphology":"proper noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of geslagen","gloss":"Westermarkt"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of Griek","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Griek","lemma":"Griek","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of geslagen","gloss":"Greek"},{"surface":"geslagen","lemma":"slaan","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"past participle governed by heeft","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lui","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"is","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"copula linking to lui","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"hy","lemma":"hij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of is","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"lui","lemma":"lui","morphology":"adjective, predicative","role":"subject complement of hy","gloss":"lazy"},{"surface":"pedant","lemma":"pedant","morphology":"adjective, predicative","role":"coordinated with lui","gloss":"pedantic"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ziekelyk","lemma":"ziekelijk","morphology":"adjective, predicative","role":"coordinated with lui","gloss":"sickly"},{"surface":"ziedaar","lemma":"ziedaar","morphology":"interjection","role":"independent concluding interjection","gloss":"there you have it"}]},{"number":64,"label":"64","id":"h9-s64","source":"Maak dus niet zoo altyd grappen met Stern, jongen: zyn vader is ryk, moet je denken. Houd je alsof je 't niet zag, als hy gezichten trekt tegen den boekhouder.","translation":"So do not always be playing jokes on Stern, my boy: his father is rich, you must bear that in mind. Behave as though you did not see it, when he pulls faces at the bookkeeper.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s64.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"moet je denken","title":"Modal moeten as a softening tag","body":"'moet je denken' = 'you must consider', a parenthetical modal phrase with inversion. Modals like moeten take a bare infinitive — here implicit/elided."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"Houd je alsof je 't niet zag","title":"Reflexive zich houden; alsof + irrealis","body":"'zich houden alsof' = to act as if; reflexive 'je' plus 'alsof' clause with past-tense 'zag' at the end signalling the unreal: 'as though you did not see it'."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"gezichten trekt","title":"Idiom: gezichten trekken","body":"'gezichten trekken' = to pull faces, make grimaces. 'tegen den boekhouder' = at the bookkeeper, with the old accusative 'den'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Maak","lemma":"maken","morphology":"verb, imperative, singular","role":"main verb of the first clause","gloss":"make"},{"surface":"dus","lemma":"dus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Maak","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates Maak","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"zoo","lemma":"zo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies altyd","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"altyd","lemma":"altijd","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Maak","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"grappen","lemma":"grap","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of Maak","gloss":"jokes"},{"surface":"met","lemma":"met","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Stern","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"Stern","lemma":"Stern","morphology":"proper noun, singular","role":"complement of met","gloss":"Stern"},{"surface":"jongen","lemma":"jongen","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"vocative addressing the boy","gloss":"my boy"},{"surface":"zyn","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"possessive determiner","role":"possessor of vader","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"vader","lemma":"vader","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of is","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"is","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"copula linking vader and ryk","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ryk","lemma":"rijk","morphology":"adjective","role":"subject complement of is","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"moet","lemma":"moeten","morphology":"modal verb, present, singular","role":"modal auxiliary of denken","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of moet denken","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"denken","lemma":"denken","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive governed by moet","gloss":"bear in mind","note":"Here denken means to keep the preceding fact in mind."},{"surface":"Houd","lemma":"houden","morphology":"verb, imperative, singular","role":"main verb of the second sentence","gloss":"behave"},{"surface":"je","lemma":"je","morphology":"reflexive pronoun","role":"reflexive object of Houd","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"alsof","lemma":"alsof","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of zag","gloss":"as though"},{"surface":"je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of zag","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"'t","lemma":"het","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of zag","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates zag","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"zag","lemma":"zien","morphology":"verb, past, singular","role":"verb of the alsof-clause","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of trekt","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"hy","lemma":"hij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of trekt","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"gezichten","lemma":"gezicht","morphology":"noun, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of trekt","gloss":"faces"},{"surface":"trekt","lemma":"trekken","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"verb of the als-clause","gloss":"pulls"},{"surface":"tegen","lemma":"tegen","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking boekhouder","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, definite","role":"determiner of boekhouder","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"boekhouder","lemma":"boekhouder","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"complement of tegen","gloss":"bookkeeper"}]},{"number":65,"label":"65","id":"h9-s65","source":"En als hy buiten 't kantoor met verzen bezig is, zeg hem dan zoo-eens, dat hy 't hier by ons zoo goed heeft, en dat Marie pantoffels voor hem heeft geborduurd met echte floszy.","translation":"And when he is busy with verses outside the office, just say to him casually that he has things so good here with us, and that Marie has embroidered slippers for him with real floss-silk.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s65.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"als hy buiten 't kantoor met verzen bezig is, zeg hem dan","title":"Subordinate als + then-clause inversion","body":"The fronted 'als'-clause (verb-final 'is') is element one, so the main clause inverts with the resumptive 'dan': 'zeg hem dan'. 'bezig zijn met' = to be busy with."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"dat Marie pantoffels voor hem heeft geborduurd","title":"dat-clause with perfect at the end","body":"Subordinating 'dat' sends the verb cluster 'heeft ... geborduurd' to the end. 'borduren' is a weak verb, participle 'geborduurd' with -d."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"floszy / pantoffels","title":"floszy and pantoffels","body":"'floszy' (modern flossij/floszijde) = floss-silk, fine embroidery silk; 'pantoffels' = slippers. The embroidered slippers are a homely emblem of how well Stern is treated 'here with us'."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"links this sentence to the preceding one","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of is","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"hy","lemma":"hij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of is","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"buiten","lemma":"buiten","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kantoor","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"'t","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner, definite","role":"determiner of kantoor","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"kantoor","lemma":"kantoor","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"complement of buiten","gloss":"office"},{"surface":"met","lemma":"met","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking verzen","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"verzen","lemma":"vers","morphology":"noun, neuter, plural","role":"complement of met","gloss":"verses"},{"surface":"bezig","lemma":"bezig","morphology":"adjective","role":"subject complement of is","gloss":"busy"},{"surface":"is","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"copula linking hy and bezig","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"zeg","lemma":"zeggen","morphology":"verb, imperative, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"hem","lemma":"hem","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of zeg","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"dan","lemma":"dan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies zeg","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"zoo-eens","lemma":"zo eens","morphology":"adverbial phrase","role":"modifies zeg","gloss":"just casually","note":"Zoo-eens softens the request: say it casually or in passing."},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the first content clause of zeg","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hy","lemma":"hij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of heeft","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"'t","lemma":"het","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"fixed object in het goed hebben","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"hier","lemma":"hier","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies heeft","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"by","lemma":"bij","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ons","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ons","lemma":"ons","morphology":"pronoun, object form, plural","role":"complement of by","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"zoo","lemma":"zo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies goed","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"goed","lemma":"goed","morphology":"adjective","role":"predicative complement in het goed hebben","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"heeft","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"verb of the first content clause","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"coordinates the two content clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the second content clause of zeg","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Marie","lemma":"Marie","morphology":"proper noun, singular","role":"subject of heeft geborduurd","gloss":"Marie"},{"surface":"pantoffels","lemma":"pantoffel","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of geborduurd","gloss":"slippers"},{"surface":"voor","lemma":"voor","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hem","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"hem","lemma":"hem","morphology":"pronoun, object form, singular","role":"complement of voor","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"heeft","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"perfect auxiliary of geborduurd","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"geborduurd","lemma":"borduren","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"main participle of heeft geborduurd","gloss":"embroidered"},{"surface":"met","lemma":"met","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking floszy","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"echte","lemma":"echt","morphology":"adjective, inflected","role":"modifies floszy","gloss":"real"},{"surface":"floszy","lemma":"floszijde","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"complement of met","gloss":"floss-silk","note":"Floszy is an old spelling of floszijde, loose untwisted silk used for embroidery."}]},{"number":66,"label":"66","id":"h9-s66","source":"Vraag hem--zoo-eens uit jezelf, weetje?--of hy gelooft dat zyn vader by Busselinck & Waterman gaan zal, en zeg hem dat het knoeiers zyn.","translation":"Ask him—just casually, off your own bat, you know?—whether he thinks his father will go to Busselinck & Waterman, and tell him they are bunglers.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s66.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"of hy gelooft dat zyn vader ... gaan zal","title":"Indirect question of + future zullen","body":"'of' opens an indirect yes/no question ('whether'), verb-final. Inside the nested 'dat'-clause the future 'gaan zal' (zullen + infinitive) closes the clause — verbs piling up at the right edge."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"knoeiers","title":"knoeiers — bunglers","body":"'knoeier' = a bungler, botcher (from 'knoeien', to mess about / do shoddy work). Busselinck & Waterman are Droogstoppel's despised rival brokerage; he never tires of calling them knoeiers."}],"words":[{"surface":"Vraag","lemma":"vragen","morphology":"verb, imperative, singular","role":"main verb of the first coordinated clause","gloss":"ask"},{"surface":"hem","lemma":"hem","morphology":"pronoun, object form, singular","role":"direct object of Vraag","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"zoo-eens","lemma":"zo eens","morphology":"adverbial phrase","role":"modifies Vraag","gloss":"just casually","note":"Zoo-eens softens the request: ask it casually or in passing."},{"surface":"uit","lemma":"uit","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking jezelf","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"jezelf","lemma":"jezelf","morphology":"reflexive pronoun","role":"complement of uit","gloss":"yourself","note":"Uit jezelf means on your own initiative, without prompting."},{"surface":"weetje","lemma":"weten","morphology":"verb, present, singular with enclitic pronoun","role":"parenthetical comment","gloss":"you know","note":"Weetje writes weet je together: literally 'do you know?'"},{"surface":"of","lemma":"of","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the indirect question governed by Vraag","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"hy","lemma":"hij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of gelooft","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"gelooft","lemma":"geloven","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"verb of the indirect question","gloss":"thinks"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the content clause of gelooft","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"zyn","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"possessive determiner","role":"possessor of vader","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"vader","lemma":"vader","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of zal gaan","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"by","lemma":"bij","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Busselinck & Waterman","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Busselinck","lemma":"Busselinck","morphology":"proper noun","role":"first element of the company name","gloss":"Busselinck"},{"surface":"Waterman","lemma":"Waterman","morphology":"proper noun","role":"second element of the company name","gloss":"Waterman"},{"surface":"gaan","lemma":"gaan","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive governed by zal","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"zal","lemma":"zullen","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"future auxiliary of gaan","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"coordinates Vraag and zeg","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"zeg","lemma":"zeggen","morphology":"verb, imperative, singular","role":"main verb of the second coordinated clause","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"hem","lemma":"hem","morphology":"pronoun, object form, singular","role":"indirect object of zeg","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the content clause of zeg","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of zyn","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"knoeiers","lemma":"knoeier","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"subject complement of zyn","gloss":"bunglers"},{"surface":"zyn","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, present, plural","role":"copula linking het and knoeiers","gloss":"are"}]},{"number":67,"label":"67","id":"h9-s67","source":"Zieje, dat is men zyn naaste schuldig--zoo breng je hem op den goeden weg, meen ik--en ... al dat verzenmaken is gekheid.","translation":"You see, that is what one owes one's neighbor—that way you set him on the right road, I mean—and ... all this verse-making is foolishness.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s67.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"dat is men zyn naaste schuldig","title":"Dative idiom: iemand iets schuldig zijn","body":"'iemand iets schuldig zijn' = to owe someone something. Here 'men ... zyn naaste schuldig' = what one owes one's neighbour. 'zyn naaste' is the biblical 'one's neighbour'."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"zoo breng je hem op den goeden weg","title":"Fronted zoo + V2; old accusative den","body":"Fronting 'zoo' inverts to 'breng je'. 'op den goeden weg' keeps the masculine accusative -n on article 'den' and adjective 'goeden' — frozen case from 1860."}],"words":[{"surface":"Zieje","lemma":"zien","morphology":"verb, present, singular with enclitic pronoun","role":"parenthetical comment","gloss":"you see","note":"Zieje writes zie je together: literally 'do you see?'"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"demonstrative pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"fronted object complement of schuldig","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"is","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"copula linking dat and schuldig","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"indefinite pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of is schuldig","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"zyn","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"possessive determiner","role":"possessor of naaste","gloss":"one's"},{"surface":"naaste","lemma":"naaste","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"indirect object of schuldig","gloss":"neighbor"},{"surface":"schuldig","lemma":"schuldig","morphology":"adjective","role":"subject complement of is","gloss":"owes"},{"surface":"zoo","lemma":"zo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies breng","gloss":"that way"},{"surface":"breng","lemma":"brengen","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"main verb of the parenthetical clause","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of breng","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"hem","lemma":"hem","morphology":"pronoun, object form, singular","role":"direct object of breng","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"op","lemma":"op","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking weg","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, definite","role":"determiner of weg","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"goeden","lemma":"goed","morphology":"adjective, inflected","role":"modifies weg","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"weg","lemma":"weg","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"complement of op","gloss":"road"},{"surface":"meen","lemma":"menen","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"parenthetical reporting verb","gloss":"mean"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of meen","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"coordinates the final clause with what precedes","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"predeterminer","role":"quantifies dat verzenmaken","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"demonstrative determiner","role":"determiner of verzenmaken","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"verzenmaken","lemma":"verzenmaken","morphology":"verbal noun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of is","gloss":"verse-making"},{"surface":"is","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"copula linking verzenmaken and gekheid","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"gekheid","lemma":"gekheid","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject complement of is","gloss":"foolishness"}]},{"number":68,"label":"68","id":"h9-s68","source":"Wees toch braaf en gehoorzaam, Frits, en trek de meid niet aan de rokken, als ze thee brengt op 't kantoor, en maak me niet te-schande, want dan stort ze, en Paulus zegt dat nooit een zoon verdriet moet doen aan zyn vader.","translation":"Do be good and obedient, Frits, and do not pull at the maid's skirts when she brings tea to the office, and do not put me to shame, for then she'll spill it, and Paul says that a son must never cause grief to his father.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s68.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Wees toch braaf en gehoorzaam","title":"Imperative of zijn: wees","body":"'Wees' is the irregular imperative of 'zijn' (to be). 'toch' is a softening/urging particle, untranslatable but warm: 'do be good'."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"want dan stort ze","title":"Coordinating want keeps V2","body":"'want' (for, because) is a coordinating conjunction: unlike 'omdat' it does NOT send the verb to the end. So 'dan stort ze' keeps normal main-clause order. 'storten' here = to spill."}],"words":[{"surface":"Wees","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, imperative, singular","role":"copula linking implied subject to braaf and gehoorzaam","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"toch","lemma":"toch","morphology":"modal adverb","role":"emphasizes the imperative Wees","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"braaf","lemma":"braaf","morphology":"adjective","role":"first subject complement of Wees","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"coordinates braaf and gehoorzaam","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gehoorzaam","lemma":"gehoorzaam","morphology":"adjective","role":"second subject complement of Wees","gloss":"obedient"},{"surface":"Frits","lemma":"Frits","morphology":"proper noun, singular","role":"vocative","gloss":"Frits"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"coordinates Wees and trek","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"trek","lemma":"trekken","morphology":"verb, imperative, singular","role":"second coordinated imperative","gloss":"pull"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, definite","role":"determiner of meid","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"meid","lemma":"meid","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of trek","gloss":"maid"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates trek","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"aan","lemma":"aan","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rokken","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, definite","role":"determiner of rokken","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"rokken","lemma":"rok","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"complement of aan","gloss":"skirts"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of brengt","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ze","lemma":"ze","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of brengt","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"thee","lemma":"thee","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of brengt","gloss":"tea"},{"surface":"brengt","lemma":"brengen","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"verb of the als-clause","gloss":"brings"},{"surface":"op","lemma":"op","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kantoor","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"'t","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner, definite","role":"determiner of kantoor","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"kantoor","lemma":"kantoor","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"complement of op","gloss":"office"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"coordinates trek and maak","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"maak","lemma":"maken","morphology":"verb, imperative, singular","role":"third coordinated imperative","gloss":"put"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"me","morphology":"pronoun, object form, singular","role":"direct object of maak","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates maak","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"te-schande","lemma":"te schande","morphology":"fixed adverbial complement","role":"completes the expression te schande maken","gloss":"to shame","note":"Te schande maken is a fixed expression meaning to disgrace or put to shame."},{"surface":"want","lemma":"want","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the reason clause of stort","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"dan","lemma":"dan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stort","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"stort","lemma":"storten","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"main verb of the reason clause","gloss":"spills it","note":"Here storten means to spill what she is carrying."},{"surface":"ze","lemma":"ze","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of stort","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"coordinates the clause of zegt with the preceding clause","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Paulus","lemma":"Paulus","morphology":"proper noun, singular","role":"subject of zegt","gloss":"Paul"},{"surface":"zegt","lemma":"zeggen","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"main verb of the final coordinated clause","gloss":"says"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the content clause of zegt","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"nooit","lemma":"nooit","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies moet doen","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"indefinite determiner","role":"determiner of zoon","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"zoon","lemma":"zoon","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of moet doen","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"verdriet","lemma":"verdriet","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of doen","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"moet","lemma":"moeten","morphology":"modal verb, present, singular","role":"modal auxiliary of doen","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"doen","lemma":"doen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive governed by moet","gloss":"cause"},{"surface":"aan","lemma":"aan","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vader","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"zyn","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"possessive determiner","role":"possessor of vader","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"vader","lemma":"vader","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"complement of aan","gloss":"father"}]},{"number":69,"label":"69","id":"h9-s69","source":"Ik bezoek twintig jaar de beurs, en durf zeggen dat ik geacht ben by myn pilaar.","translation":"I have frequented the Exchange for twenty years, and I venture to say that I am respected at my pillar.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s69.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"durf zeggen dat ik geacht ben","title":"durven + bare infinitive; zijn-passive","body":"'durven' (to dare) takes a bare infinitive 'zeggen'. 'ik ben geacht' is a zijn-passive expressing a state: 'I am (held) respected'. The dat-clause is verb-final."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of bezoek and durf","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"bezoek","lemma":"bezoeken","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"first coordinated main verb","gloss":"have frequented"},{"surface":"twintig","lemma":"twintig","morphology":"cardinal numeral","role":"quantifies jaar","gloss":"twenty"},{"surface":"jaar","lemma":"jaar","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"adverbial of duration modifying bezoek","gloss":"years"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, definite","role":"determiner of beurs","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"beurs","lemma":"beurs","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of bezoek","gloss":"Exchange"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"coordinates bezoek and durf","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"durf","lemma":"durven","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"second coordinated main verb","gloss":"venture"},{"surface":"zeggen","lemma":"zeggen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive governed by durf","gloss":"to say"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the content clause of zeggen","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of ben geacht","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"geacht","lemma":"achten","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"main participle in the passive ben geacht","gloss":"respected"},{"surface":"ben","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"passive auxiliary of geacht","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"by","lemma":"bij","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pilaar","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"myn","lemma":"mijn","morphology":"possessive determiner","role":"possessor of pilaar","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"pilaar","lemma":"pilaar","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"complement of by","gloss":"pillar"}]},{"number":70,"label":"70","id":"h9-s70","source":"Hoor dus naar myn vermaningen, Frits, en wees braaf, en haal je hoed, en trek je jas aan, en ga mee naar den bidstond, dat zal je goed doen!\"","translation":"So heed my admonitions, Frits, and be good, and fetch your hat, and put on your coat, and come along to the prayer meeting, it will do you good!\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s70.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Hoor ... wees ... haal ... trek ... aan, en ga mee","title":"Chain of imperatives","body":"A string of bare-stem imperatives: Hoor, wees, haal, ga. Two are separable — 'trek je jas aan' (aantrekken, put on) and 'ga mee' (meegaan, come along) — so 'aan' and 'mee' fall to the end."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"dat zal je goed doen","title":"Future zullen + dative 'je'","body":"'zal ... doen' is the future (zullen + infinitive). 'je goed doen' = to do you good, with 'je' as dative beneficiary."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hoor","lemma":"horen","morphology":"verb, imperative, singular","role":"main verb of the first imperative","gloss":"listen"},{"surface":"dus","lemma":"dus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Hoor","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"naar","lemma":"naar","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vermaningen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"myn","lemma":"mijn","morphology":"possessive determiner","role":"possessor of vermaningen","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"vermaningen","lemma":"vermaning","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"complement of naar","gloss":"admonitions"},{"surface":"Frits","lemma":"Frits","morphology":"proper noun, singular","role":"vocative","gloss":"Frits"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"coordinates Hoor and wees","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"wees","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, imperative, singular","role":"second coordinated imperative","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"braaf","lemma":"braaf","morphology":"adjective","role":"subject complement of wees","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"coordinates wees and haal","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"haal","lemma":"halen","morphology":"verb, imperative, singular","role":"third coordinated imperative","gloss":"fetch"},{"surface":"je","lemma":"je","morphology":"possessive determiner","role":"possessor of hoed","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"hoed","lemma":"hoed","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of haal","gloss":"hat"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"coordinates haal and trek","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"trek","lemma":"trekken","morphology":"verb, imperative, singular","role":"finite base of trek ... aan","gloss":"pull"},{"surface":"je","lemma":"je","morphology":"possessive determiner","role":"possessor of jas","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"jas","lemma":"jas","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of trek ... aan","gloss":"coat"},{"surface":"aan","lemma":"aan","morphology":"separable verb particle","role":"particle completing trek ... aan","gloss":"put on"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"coordinates trek and ga","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ga","lemma":"gaan","morphology":"verb, imperative, singular","role":"fifth coordinated imperative","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"mee","lemma":"mee","morphology":"separable verb particle","role":"particle completing ga ... mee","gloss":"come along"},{"surface":"naar","lemma":"naar","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bidstond","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, definite","role":"determiner of bidstond","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"bidstond","lemma":"bidstond","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"complement of naar","gloss":"prayer meeting"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"demonstrative pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of zal doen","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"zal","lemma":"zullen","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"future auxiliary of doen","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, object form, singular","role":"indirect object of doen","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"goed","lemma":"goed","morphology":"separable verb particle","role":"particle completing goed ... doen","gloss":"benefit"},{"surface":"doen","lemma":"doen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive governed by zal","gloss":"do"}]},{"number":71,"label":"71","id":"h9-s71","source":"Zóó heb ik gesproken, en ik ben overtuigd dat ik indruk op hem gemaakt heb, vooral daar dominee Wawelaar tot onderwerp van zyn rede had gekozen: de liefde Gods, blykbaar uit Zyn toorn tegen ongeloovigen, naar aanleiding van Samuels berisping aan Saul: Sam.","translation":"Thus I spoke, and I am convinced that I made an impression on him, all the more because the Reverend Wawelaar had chosen as the subject of his discourse: the love of God, manifest in His wrath against the unbelieving, taking his cue from Samuel's rebuke of Saul: Sam.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s71.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Zóó heb ik gesproken","title":"Fronted Zóó forces inversion","body":"Stressed 'Zóó' (thus) in first position triggers verb-second inversion 'heb ik'. The perfect 'heb ... gesproken' brackets the clause around the participle."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"de liefde Gods, blykbaar uit Zyn toorn","title":"Genitive Gods + adjective blijkbaar","body":"'de liefde Gods' uses the bare genitive -s on 'God' ('the love of God'), a frozen biblical construction. 'blykbaar uit' = evident/manifest from."}],"words":[{"surface":"Zóó","lemma":"zo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gesproken","gloss":"Thus"},{"surface":"heb","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"auxiliary of gesproken","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of gesproken","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"gesproken","lemma":"spreken","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"spoken"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of overtuigd","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ben","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"copular verb, present, singular","role":"copula linking to overtuigd","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"overtuigd","lemma":"overtuigen","morphology":"adjective, predicative","role":"predicative complement of ben","gloss":"convinced"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gemaakt","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of gemaakt","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"indruk","lemma":"indruk","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of gemaakt","gloss":"an impression"},{"surface":"op","lemma":"op","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hem","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"hem","lemma":"hem","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of gemaakt","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"gemaakt","lemma":"maken","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"main participle of the dat-clause","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"heb","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"auxiliary of gemaakt","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"vooral","lemma":"vooral","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the causal clause introduced by daar","gloss":"especially"},{"surface":"daar","lemma":"daar","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the causal clause of gekozen","gloss":"because","note":"Here daar is the literary causal conjunction “because.”"},{"surface":"dominee","lemma":"dominee","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of gekozen","gloss":"Reverend"},{"surface":"Wawelaar","lemma":"Wawelaar","morphology":"proper noun, singular","role":"in apposition to dominee","gloss":"Wawelaar"},{"surface":"tot","lemma":"tot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking onderwerp","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"onderwerp","lemma":"onderwerp","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"predicative complement of gekozen","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking zyn","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"zyn","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"possessive determiner","role":"possessive determiner of rede","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"rede","lemma":"rede","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"complement of van","gloss":"discourse"},{"surface":"had","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, singular","role":"auxiliary of gekozen","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"gekozen","lemma":"kiezen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"main verb of causal clause","gloss":"chosen"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of liefde","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"liefde","lemma":"liefde","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject matter quoted after gekozen","gloss":"love"},{"surface":"Gods","lemma":"God","morphology":"proper noun, genitive singular","role":"genitive modifier of liefde","gloss":"of God"},{"surface":"blykbaar","lemma":"blijkbaar","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies an implied revealed","gloss":"manifest"},{"surface":"uit","lemma":"uit","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking toorn","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Zyn","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"possessive determiner","role":"possessive determiner of toorn","gloss":"His"},{"surface":"toorn","lemma":"toorn","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"complement of uit","gloss":"wrath"},{"surface":"tegen","lemma":"tegen","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ongeloovigen","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"ongeloovigen","lemma":"ongelovige","morphology":"substantivized adjective, plural","role":"complement of tegen","gloss":"unbelievers"},{"surface":"naar","lemma":"naar","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase naar aanleiding van","gloss":"taking"},{"surface":"aanleiding","lemma":"aanleiding","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"part of the phrase naar aanleiding van","gloss":"occasion"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase naar aanleiding van","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Samuels","lemma":"Samuel","morphology":"proper noun, genitive singular","role":"genitive modifier of berisping","gloss":"Samuel's"},{"surface":"berisping","lemma":"berisping","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"complement of van","gloss":"rebuke"},{"surface":"aan","lemma":"aan","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Saul","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Saul","lemma":"Saul","morphology":"proper noun, singular","role":"complement of aan","gloss":"Saul"},{"surface":"Sam","lemma":"Samuel","morphology":"abbreviation","role":"abbreviated biblical book name","gloss":"Sam"}]},{"number":72,"label":"72","id":"h9-s72","source":"XV: 33b.","translation":"XV: 33b.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s72.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"XV","lemma":"XV","morphology":"Roman numeral","role":"chapter number of biblical citation","gloss":"XV"},{"surface":"b","lemma":"b","morphology":"letter suffix","role":"verse-part suffix after 33","gloss":"b","note":"The tokenizer omits the digits 33 from this citation token."}]},{"number":73,"label":"73","id":"h9-s73","source":"By 't aanhooren van die predikatie, dacht ik gedurig hoe hemelsbreed toch het verschil is tusschen menschelyke en goddelyke wysheid.","translation":"On hearing that sermon, I kept thinking how vast, after all, is the gulf between human and divine wisdom.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s73.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"By 't aanhooren van die predikatie, dacht ik","title":"Fronted prepositional phrase + inversion","body":"The opening phrase 'By 't aanhooren van...' is element one, so the verb inverts: 'dacht ik'. 'dacht' is the strong past of 'denken'. ''t aanhooren' nominalizes the separable verb aanhooren."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"hoe ... het verschil is tusschen menschelyke en goddelyke wysheid","title":"Indirect exclamation, verb-final","body":"'hoe ... is' is an embedded exclamatory clause, so 'is' goes to the end. 'tusschen' is period spelling of 'tussen' (between, with the sch- cluster)."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"hemelsbreed","title":"hemelsbreed — vast, sky-wide","body":"'hemelsbreed' literally 'heaven-wide', used for an enormous difference: 'hemelsbreed verschillen' = to differ vastly. A vivid compound adverb."}],"words":[{"surface":"By","lemma":"bij","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase bij het aanhoren van","gloss":"On"},{"surface":"'t","lemma":"het","morphology":"contracted definite article","role":"determiner of aanhooren","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"aanhooren","lemma":"aanhoren","morphology":"verbal noun, neuter, singular","role":"complement of bij","gloss":"hearing"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking predikatie","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of predikatie","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"predikatie","lemma":"predikatie","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"complement of van","gloss":"sermon"},{"surface":"dacht","lemma":"denken","morphology":"verb, past, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of dacht","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"gedurig","lemma":"gedurig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dacht","gloss":"continually"},{"surface":"hoe","lemma":"hoe","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the exclamative content clause","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"hemelsbreed","lemma":"hemelsbreed","morphology":"adjective, predicative","role":"predicative complement of is","gloss":"vast","note":"Hemelsbreed literally means “as wide as the heavens,” hence “vast.”"},{"surface":"toch","lemma":"toch","morphology":"adverb","role":"discourse particle modifying the content clause","gloss":"after all"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of verschil","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"verschil","lemma":"verschil","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of is","gloss":"difference"},{"surface":"is","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"copular verb, present, singular","role":"copula linking verschil to hemelsbreed","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"tusschen","lemma":"tussen","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking the contrasted kinds of wisdom","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"menschelyke","lemma":"menselijk","morphology":"adjective, attributive, inflected","role":"modifies wijsheid","gloss":"human"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"goddelyke","lemma":"goddelijk","morphology":"adjective, attributive, inflected","role":"coordinated with menschelyke","gloss":"divine"},{"surface":"wysheid","lemma":"wijsheid","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"complement of tusschen","gloss":"wisdom"}]},{"number":74,"label":"74","id":"h9-s74","source":"Ik zeide reeds dat er in het pak van Sjaalman, onder veel vodden, toch ook een en-ander was, dat in 't oog viel door degelykheid van redeneering. Maar, och, hoe weinig heeft toch zoo-iets te beduiden, als men 't vergelykt by een taal als van dominee Wawelaar!","translation":"I have already said that in Sjaalman's parcel, amid much rubbish, there was also a thing or two that caught the eye by its soundness of reasoning. But, ah, how little such a thing signifies, after all, when one compares it with a language like that of the Reverend Wawelaar!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s74.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"dat er ... toch ook een en-ander was","title":"Existential er + dat-clause","body":"'er ... was' is the existential 'er' construction ('there was'), and inside the dat-clause 'was' still moves rightward. 'een en ander' = a thing or two."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"als men 't vergelykt by een taal","title":"Subordinate als, verb-final","body":"'als men ... vergelykt' is a subordinate clause with the verb at the end. 'vergelijken bij' (here period 'vergelykt by') = to compare with — note Dutch uses 'bij/by', not 'met', here."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"vodden / degelykheid","title":"vodden and degelijkheid","body":"'vodden' = rags, trash, worthless scraps; 'degelykheid van redeneering' = soundness/solidity of reasoning. Droogstoppel grudgingly admits Sjaalman's papers have some merit amid the 'rubbish'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of zeide","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"zeide","lemma":"zeggen","morphology":"verb, past, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"reeds","lemma":"reeds","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies zeide","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of was","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"existential adverb","role":"expletive in existential clause","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pak","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of pak","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pak","lemma":"pak","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"complement of in","gloss":"parcel"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Sjaalman","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Sjaalman","lemma":"Sjaalman","morphology":"proper noun, singular","role":"complement of van","gloss":"Sjaalman"},{"surface":"onder","lemma":"onder","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vodden","gloss":"amid"},{"surface":"veel","lemma":"veel","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of vodden","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"vodden","lemma":"vod","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"complement of onder","gloss":"rubbish"},{"surface":"toch","lemma":"toch","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies was","gloss":"after all"},{"surface":"ook","lemma":"ook","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies was","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of en-ander","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"en-ander","lemma":"een en ander","morphology":"indefinite pronoun phrase, singular","role":"subject of was","gloss":"thing or two","note":"Een en ander is an idiom meaning “a thing or two” or “various things.”"},{"surface":"was","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, past, singular","role":"main verb of subordinate clause","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"relative pronoun, neuter singular","role":"subject of viel","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom in het oog vallen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"'t","lemma":"het","morphology":"contracted definite article","role":"determiner of oog","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"oog","lemma":"oog","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"part of the idiom in het oog vallen","gloss":"eye"},{"surface":"viel","lemma":"vallen","morphology":"verb, past, singular","role":"verb of relative clause on en-ander","gloss":"fell","note":"In het oog vallen is an idiom meaning “to catch the eye.”"},{"surface":"door","lemma":"door","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking degelykheid","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"degelykheid","lemma":"degelijkheid","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"complement of door","gloss":"soundness"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking redeneering","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"redeneering","lemma":"redenering","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"complement of van","gloss":"reasoning"},{"surface":"Maar","lemma":"maar","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the second sentence contrastively","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"och","lemma":"och","morphology":"interjection","role":"expresses lament","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"hoe","lemma":"hoe","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies weinig","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"weinig","lemma":"weinig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies beduiden","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"heeft","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"auxiliary in heeft te beduiden","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"toch","lemma":"toch","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies heeft","gloss":"after all"},{"surface":"zoo-iets","lemma":"zoiets","morphology":"indefinite pronoun, neuter singular","role":"subject of heeft","gloss":"such a thing"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"infinitive marker","role":"marks infinitive beduiden","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"beduiden","lemma":"beduiden","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitival complement of heeft","gloss":"signify"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the comparative-temporal clause of vergelykt","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of vergelykt","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"'t","lemma":"het","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter singular","role":"direct object of vergelykt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"vergelykt","lemma":"vergelijken","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"main verb of als-clause","gloss":"compares"},{"surface":"by","lemma":"bij","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking taal","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of taal","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"taal","lemma":"taal","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"complement of by","gloss":"language"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"comparative conjunction","role":"introduces an elliptical comparison modifying taal","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dominee","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"dominee","lemma":"dominee","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"complement of van","gloss":"Reverend"},{"surface":"Wawelaar","lemma":"Wawelaar","morphology":"proper noun, singular","role":"in apposition to dominee","gloss":"Wawelaar"}]},{"number":75,"label":"75","id":"h9-s75","source":"En niet uit eigen kracht--want ik ken Wawelaar, en houd hem voor iemand die waarlyk niet hoog vliegt--neen, door de kracht die van boven komt.","translation":"And not by his own strength—for I know Wawelaar, and take him for someone who truly does not fly very high—no, by the strength that comes from above.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s75.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"houd hem voor iemand die waarlyk niet hoog vliegt","title":"Idiom houden voor + relative die","body":"'iemand voor iets houden' = to take/regard someone as something. The relative 'die' opens a verb-final clause: 'die ... niet hoog vliegt'. 'niet hoog vliegen' = to be no genius."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"de kracht die van boven komt","title":"Relative die, common-gender antecedent","body":"'de kracht' is a de-word, so its relative pronoun is 'die'. The clause 'die van boven komt' (that comes from above) keeps its verb at the end."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"continues the preceding assertion","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates uit eigen kracht","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"uit","lemma":"uit","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kracht","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"eigen","lemma":"eigen","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies kracht","gloss":"own"},{"surface":"kracht","lemma":"kracht","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"complement of uit","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"want","lemma":"want","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces explanatory parenthesis","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of ken","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ken","lemma":"kennen","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"main verb of explanatory clause","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"Wawelaar","lemma":"Wawelaar","morphology":"proper noun, singular","role":"direct object of ken","gloss":"Wawelaar"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"houd","lemma":"houden","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"coordinated main verb with ken","gloss":"take"},{"surface":"hem","lemma":"hem","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of houd","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"voor","lemma":"voor","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking iemand","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"iemand","lemma":"iemand","morphology":"pronoun","role":"predicative complement of houd","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"relative pronoun, singular","role":"subject of vliegt","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"waarlyk","lemma":"waarlijk","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vliegt","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates vliegt","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"hoog","lemma":"hoog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vliegt","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"vliegt","lemma":"vliegen","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"relative clause on iemand","gloss":"flies"},{"surface":"neen","lemma":"neen","morphology":"interjection","role":"corrects the preceding negated phrase","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"door","lemma":"door","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kracht","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of kracht","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"kracht","lemma":"kracht","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"complement of door","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"relative pronoun, singular","role":"subject of komt","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking boven","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"boven","lemma":"boven","morphology":"adverb","role":"complement of van","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"komt","lemma":"komen","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"relative clause on kracht","gloss":"comes"}]},{"number":76,"label":"76","id":"h9-s76","source":"Dit onderscheid bleek te duidelyker, omdat hy sommige punten aanroerde, die ook door Sjaalman behandeld waren, want ge hebt gezien dat er in zyn pak veel over javanen en andere heidenen voorkwam. Frits zegt dat de javanen geen heidenen zyn, maar ik noem ieder die een verkeerd geloof heeft, een heiden.","translation":"This distinction came out all the more plainly because he touched on certain points that Sjaalman had also dealt with, for you have seen that in his parcel a great deal occurred about Javanese and other heathens. Frits says that the Javanese are not heathens, but I call anyone who holds a false faith a heathen.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s76.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Dit onderscheid bleek te duidelyker, omdat hy ... aanroerde","title":"Comparative te + omdat-clause","body":"'te duidelyker' = all the more clearly (intensifying comparative with 'te'). 'omdat' is subordinating, so its verb 'aanroerde' (past of separable aanroeren) goes to the end."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"die ook door Sjaalman behandeld waren","title":"zijn-passive in the past (relative clause)","body":"'behandeld waren' is a passive: imperfect of 'zijn' + participle. 'door Sjaalman' marks the agent ('by Sjaalman'). Inside the 'die'-relative clause the verbs cluster at the end."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"ge hebt gezien dat er ... veel ... voorkwam","title":"Archaic ge + er + dat-clause","body":"'ge hebt gezien' uses the literary 'ge'. The embedded clause has existential 'er' and verb-final 'voorkwam' (past of separable voorkomen, to occur/appear)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dit","lemma":"dit","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of onderscheid","gloss":"This"},{"surface":"onderscheid","lemma":"onderscheid","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of bleek","gloss":"distinction"},{"surface":"bleek","lemma":"blijken","morphology":"verb, past, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"appeared"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"degree particle","role":"part of comparative construction te duidelyker","gloss":"all the"},{"surface":"duidelyker","lemma":"duidelijk","morphology":"adjective, comparative, predicative","role":"predicative complement of bleek","gloss":"plainer"},{"surface":"omdat","lemma":"omdat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of aanroerde","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"hy","lemma":"hij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of aanroerde","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"sommige","lemma":"sommig","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of punten","gloss":"certain"},{"surface":"punten","lemma":"punt","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"direct object of aanroerde","gloss":"points"},{"surface":"aanroerde","lemma":"aanroeren","morphology":"verb, past, singular","role":"main verb of causal clause","gloss":"touched on"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"relative pronoun, plural","role":"subject of passive behandeld waren","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ook","lemma":"ook","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies behandeld","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"door","lemma":"door","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Sjaalman","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"Sjaalman","lemma":"Sjaalman","morphology":"proper noun, common gender, singular","role":"agent of behandeld","gloss":"Sjaalman"},{"surface":"behandeld","lemma":"behandelen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"past participle in relative clause on punten","gloss":"dealt with"},{"surface":"waren","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, plural","role":"passive auxiliary of behandeld","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"want","lemma":"want","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces explanatory clause","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ge","lemma":"gij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of gezien","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"hebt","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"auxiliary of gezien","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"gezien","lemma":"zien","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"main participle of explanatory clause","gloss":"seen"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of voorkwam","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"existential adverb","role":"expletive in clause of voorkwam","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking zyn","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"zyn","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"possessive determiner","role":"possessive determiner of pak","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"pak","lemma":"pak","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"complement of in","gloss":"parcel"},{"surface":"veel","lemma":"veel","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of voorkwam","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"over","lemma":"over","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking javanen","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"javanen","lemma":"Javaan","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"complement of over","gloss":"Javanese"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"andere","lemma":"ander","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies heidenen","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"heidenen","lemma":"heiden","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"coordinated with javanen as complement of over","gloss":"heathens"},{"surface":"voorkwam","lemma":"voorkomen","morphology":"verb, past, singular","role":"main verb of subordinate clause","gloss":"occurred"},{"surface":"Frits","lemma":"Frits","morphology":"proper noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of zegt","gloss":"Frits"},{"surface":"zegt","lemma":"zeggen","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"says"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of zyn","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of javanen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"javanen","lemma":"Javaan","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"subject of zyn","gloss":"Javanese"},{"surface":"geen","lemma":"geen","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of heidenen","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"heidenen","lemma":"heiden","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"predicative complement of zyn","gloss":"heathens"},{"surface":"zyn","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"copular verb, present, plural","role":"copula linking javanen to heidenen","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"maar","lemma":"maar","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of noem","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"noem","lemma":"noemen","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"coordinated with zegt","gloss":"call"},{"surface":"ieder","lemma":"ieder","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of noem","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"relative pronoun, singular","role":"subject of heeft","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of geloof","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"verkeerd","lemma":"verkeerd","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies geloof","gloss":"false"},{"surface":"geloof","lemma":"geloof","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of heeft","gloss":"faith"},{"surface":"heeft","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"verb of relative clause on ieder","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of heiden","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"heiden","lemma":"heiden","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object complement of noem","gloss":"heathen"}]},{"number":77,"label":"77","id":"h9-s77","source":"Want ik houd me aan Jezus Christus, en dien gekruist, en dit zal elk fatsoenlyk lezer ook wel doen. Zoowel omdat ik uit Wawelaars redevoering myn meening heb geput omtrent het ongeoorloofde der intrekking van de koffikultuur te Lebak, waarop ik straks zal terugkomen, als omdat ik als eerlyk man niet wil, dat de lezer volstrekt niets ontvange voor zyn geld, zal ik hier eenige brokstukken uit de preek meedeelen, die al byzonder treffend waren.","translation":"For I hold to Jesus Christ, and Him crucified, and every respectable reader will surely do the same. Both because I drew my opinion from Wawelaar's discourse concerning the impermissibility of withdrawing coffee cultivation at Lebak, to which I shall return shortly, and because, as an honest man, I do not want the reader to receive nothing at all for his money, I shall set down here a few fragments from the sermon, which were quite particularly striking.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s77.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Zoowel omdat ... als omdat ...","title":"Correlative zoowel ... als ...","body":"'zoowel ... als ...' = 'both ... and ...', a correlative pairing two subordinate 'omdat'-clauses, each verb-final, before the main clause 'zal ik hier ... meedeelen' finally inverts."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"dat de lezer volstrekt niets ontvange","title":"Subjunctive ontvange","body":"'ontvange' (rather than 'ontvangt') is a present subjunctive after a verb of willing — formal/archaic. 'volstrekt niets' = absolutely nothing, a single clear negation."}],"words":[{"surface":"Want","lemma":"want","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of houd","gloss":"For"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of houd","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"houd","lemma":"houden","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"main verb of the first clause","gloss":"hold"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"zich","morphology":"reflexive pronoun","role":"reflexive object of houd","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"aan","lemma":"aan","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Jezus","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Jezus","lemma":"Jezus","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of houd","gloss":"Jesus"},{"surface":"Christus","lemma":"Christus","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Jezus","gloss":"Christ"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dien","lemma":"die","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine singular","role":"coordinated complement of aan","gloss":"Him"},{"surface":"gekruist","lemma":"kruisen","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"elliptical predicate modifying dien","gloss":"crucified"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dit","lemma":"dit","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of doen","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"zal","lemma":"zullen","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"auxiliary of doen","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"elk","lemma":"elk","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of lezer","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"fatsoenlyk","lemma":"fatsoenlijk","morphology":"adjective, attributive","role":"modifies lezer","gloss":"respectable"},{"surface":"lezer","lemma":"lezer","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of doen","gloss":"reader"},{"surface":"ook","lemma":"ook","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies doen","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"wel","lemma":"wel","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies doen","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"doen","lemma":"doen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the coordinated clause","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"Zoowel","lemma":"zowel","morphology":"correlative conjunction","role":"first part of zowel ... als","gloss":"Both"},{"surface":"omdat","lemma":"omdat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of geput","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of geput","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"uit","lemma":"uit","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking redevoering","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Wawelaars","lemma":"Wawelaar","morphology":"proper noun, genitive singular","role":"possessor of redevoering","gloss":"Wawelaar's"},{"surface":"redevoering","lemma":"redevoering","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of geput","gloss":"discourse"},{"surface":"myn","lemma":"mijn","morphology":"possessive determiner","role":"possessor of meening","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"meening","lemma":"mening","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of geput","gloss":"opinion"},{"surface":"heb","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"auxiliary of geput","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"geput","lemma":"putten","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"main verb of the omdat-clause","gloss":"drawn"},{"surface":"omtrent","lemma":"omtrent","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ongeoorloofde","gloss":"concerning"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of ongeoorloofde","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ongeoorloofde","lemma":"ongeoorloofd","morphology":"substantivized adjective, neuter singular","role":"object of omtrent","gloss":"impermissibility"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, genitive","role":"genitive determiner of intrekking","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"intrekking","lemma":"intrekking","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"genitive complement of ongeoorloofde","gloss":"withdrawal"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking koffikultuur","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of koffikultuur","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"koffikultuur","lemma":"koffiecultuur","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of van","gloss":"coffee cultivation"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Lebak","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Lebak","lemma":"Lebak","morphology":"proper noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of te","gloss":"Lebak"},{"surface":"waarop","lemma":"waarop","morphology":"relative pronominal adverb","role":"prepositional complement of terugkomen","gloss":"to which"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of terugkomen","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"straks","lemma":"straks","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies terugkomen","gloss":"shortly"},{"surface":"zal","lemma":"zullen","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"auxiliary of terugkomen","gloss":"shall"},{"surface":"terugkomen","lemma":"terugkomen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the relative clause","gloss":"return"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"correlative conjunction","role":"second part of zowel ... als","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"omdat","lemma":"omdat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of wil","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of wil","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the parenthetical capacity als eerlyk man","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"eerlyk","lemma":"eerlijk","morphology":"adjective, attributive","role":"modifies man","gloss":"honest"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of als","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies wil","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"wil","lemma":"willen","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"main verb of the second omdat-clause","gloss":"want"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ontvange","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of lezer","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"lezer","lemma":"lezer","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of ontvange","gloss":"reader"},{"surface":"volstrekt","lemma":"volstrekt","morphology":"adverb","role":"intensifies niets","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"niets","lemma":"niets","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of ontvange","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"ontvange","lemma":"ontvangen","morphology":"verb, present subjunctive, singular","role":"main verb of the dat-clause","gloss":"receive"},{"surface":"voor","lemma":"voor","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking geld","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"zyn","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"possessive determiner","role":"possessor of geld","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"geld","lemma":"geld","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of ontvange","gloss":"money"},{"surface":"zal","lemma":"zullen","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"auxiliary of meedeelen","gloss":"shall"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of zal","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"hier","lemma":"hier","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies meedeelen","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"eenige","lemma":"enige","morphology":"indefinite determiner","role":"determiner of brokstukken","gloss":"a few"},{"surface":"brokstukken","lemma":"brokstuk","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"direct object of meedeelen","gloss":"fragments"},{"surface":"uit","lemma":"uit","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking preek","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of preek","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"preek","lemma":"preek","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of uit; modifies brokstukken","gloss":"sermon"},{"surface":"meedeelen","lemma":"meedelen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the main clause","gloss":"set down"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"relative pronoun, plural","role":"subject of waren","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies treffend","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"byzonder","lemma":"bijzonder","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies treffend","gloss":"particularly"},{"surface":"treffend","lemma":"treffend","morphology":"adjective","role":"predicative complement of waren","gloss":"striking"},{"surface":"waren","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, past, plural","role":"copula of the relative clause","gloss":"were"}]},{"number":78,"label":"78","id":"h9-s78","source":"Hy had kortelyk Gods liefde uit de aangehaalde tekstwoorden bewezen, en was al zeer spoedig overgegaan tot het punt, waarop 't hier eigenlyk aankwam, de bekeering namelyk van Javanen, Maleiers, en hoe al dat volk heeten moge.","translation":"He had briefly demonstrated God's love from the quoted scriptural words, and had very soon passed on to the point that was really at issue here, namely the conversion of Javanese, Malays, and whatever else all that folk may be called.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s78.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Hy had kortelyk Gods liefde ... bewezen, en was ... overgegaan","title":"Pluperfect with had and was","body":"'had ... bewezen' and 'was ... overgegaan' are pluperfects (past behind the past): imperfect of hebben/zijn + participle. Motion/change verbs like 'overgaan' take 'zijn'."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"hoe al dat volk heeten moge","title":"Subjunctive moge","body":"'moge' is the present subjunctive of 'mogen', a solemn/optative form ('whatever it may be called'). 'al dat volk' = all that people/folk, a collective singular."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hy","lemma":"hij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of had","gloss":"He"},{"surface":"had","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, singular","role":"auxiliary of bewezen","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"kortelyk","lemma":"kortelijk","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bewezen","gloss":"briefly"},{"surface":"Gods","lemma":"God","morphology":"proper noun, genitive singular","role":"possessor of liefde","gloss":"God's"},{"surface":"liefde","lemma":"liefde","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of bewezen","gloss":"love"},{"surface":"uit","lemma":"uit","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tekstwoorden","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of tekstwoorden","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"aangehaalde","lemma":"aanhalen","morphology":"verb, past participle, attributive","role":"modifies tekstwoorden","gloss":"quoted"},{"surface":"tekstwoorden","lemma":"tekstwoord","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"oblique complement of bewezen","gloss":"scriptural words"},{"surface":"bewezen","lemma":"bewijzen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"main verb of the first coordinated clause","gloss":"demonstrated"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"was","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, singular","role":"auxiliary of overgegaan","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"adverb","role":"intensifies zeer spoedig","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"zeer","lemma":"zeer","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies spoedig","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"spoedig","lemma":"spoedig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies overgegaan","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"overgegaan","lemma":"overgaan","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"main verb of the second coordinated clause","gloss":"passed on"},{"surface":"tot","lemma":"tot","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking punt","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of punt","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"punt","lemma":"punt","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of overgegaan","gloss":"point"},{"surface":"waarop","lemma":"waarop","morphology":"relative pronominal adverb","role":"prepositional complement of aankwam","gloss":"at which"},{"surface":"'t","lemma":"het","morphology":"pronoun, neuter singular","role":"subject of aankwam","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"hier","lemma":"hier","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies aankwam","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"eigenlyk","lemma":"eigenlijk","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies aankwam","gloss":"really"},{"surface":"aankwam","lemma":"aankomen","morphology":"verb, past, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause","gloss":"was at issue"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of bekeering","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"bekeering","lemma":"bekering","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"appositive to punt","gloss":"conversion"},{"surface":"namelyk","lemma":"namelijk","morphology":"adverb","role":"marks bekeering as an explanation of punt","gloss":"namely"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Javanen","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Javanen","lemma":"Javaan","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"object of van","gloss":"Javanese"},{"surface":"Maleiers","lemma":"Maleier","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"coordinated with Javanen","gloss":"Malays"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hoe","lemma":"hoe","morphology":"interrogative adverb","role":"predicative complement of heeten","gloss":"whatever"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dat volk collectively","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of volk","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"volk","lemma":"volk","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of heeten","gloss":"folk"},{"surface":"heeten","lemma":"heten","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb governed by moge","gloss":"be called"},{"surface":"moge","lemma":"mogen","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present subjunctive, singular","role":"modal auxiliary of heeten","gloss":"may"}]},{"number":79,"label":"79","id":"h9-s79","source":"Ziehier wat hy daarvan zeide: \"Zóó, myn geliefden, was de heerlyke roeping van Israel--hy bedoelde het uitroeien der bewoners van Kanaän--en zóó is de roeping van Nederland!","translation":"Here is what he said of it: \"Thus, my beloved, was the glorious calling of Israel—he meant the extermination of the inhabitants of Canaan—and thus is the calling of the Netherlands!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s79.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Zóó ... was de heerlyke roeping van Israel","title":"Fronted Zóó + inversion (oratory)","body":"The sermon opens with stressed 'Zóó' fronted, inverting to 'was de ... roeping'. The rhetorical parallel 'zóó is de roeping van Nederland' repeats the device — pulpit cadence."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"het uitroeien der bewoners van Kanaän","title":"Nominalized separable verb + genitive der","body":"'het uitroeien' nominalizes separable 'uitroeien' (to exterminate); 'der bewoners' is the plural genitive 'der' ('of the inhabitants'). The grammar is calm; the content is genocide."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ziehier","lemma":"ziehier","morphology":"presentative adverb","role":"presents the following free relative clause","gloss":"Here is"},{"surface":"wat","lemma":"wat","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of zeide","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"hy","lemma":"hij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of zeide","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"daarvan","lemma":"daarvan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies zeide","gloss":"of it"},{"surface":"zeide","lemma":"zeggen","morphology":"verb, past, singular","role":"main verb of the free relative clause","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"Zóó","lemma":"zo","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial complement of was","gloss":"Thus"},{"surface":"myn","lemma":"mijn","morphology":"possessive determiner","role":"determiner of geliefden","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"geliefden","lemma":"geliefde","morphology":"substantivized adjective, plural, vocative","role":"vocative address","gloss":"beloved"},{"surface":"was","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, past, singular","role":"copula of the quoted clause","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of roeping","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"heerlyke","lemma":"heerlijk","morphology":"adjective, attributive","role":"modifies roeping","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"roeping","lemma":"roeping","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of was","gloss":"calling"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Israel","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Israel","lemma":"Israël","morphology":"proper noun, singular","role":"object of van","gloss":"Israel"},{"surface":"hy","lemma":"hij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of bedoelde","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"bedoelde","lemma":"bedoelen","morphology":"verb, past, singular","role":"main verb of the parenthetical clause","gloss":"meant"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of uitroeien","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"uitroeien","lemma":"uitroeien","morphology":"verbal noun, neuter singular","role":"direct object of bedoelde","gloss":"extermination"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, genitive","role":"genitive determiner of bewoners","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"bewoners","lemma":"bewoner","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"genitive complement of uitroeien","gloss":"inhabitants"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Kanaän","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Kanaän","lemma":"Kanaän","morphology":"proper noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of van","gloss":"Canaan"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"zóó","lemma":"zo","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial complement of is","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"is","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"copula of the coordinated clause","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of roeping","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"roeping","lemma":"roeping","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of is","gloss":"calling"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Nederland","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Nederland","lemma":"Nederland","morphology":"proper noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of van","gloss":"the Netherlands"}]},{"number":80,"label":"80","id":"h9-s80","source":"Neen, er zal niet gezegd worden dat het licht dat ons bestraalt, wordt weggezet onder de korenmaat, en niet ook dat wy gierig zyn in het meedeelen van het brood des eeuwigen levens!","translation":"No, it shall not be said that the light that shines upon us is set under the bushel, nor that we are stingy in sharing out the bread of eternal life!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s80.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"er zal niet gezegd worden dat","title":"Future passive: zal ... gezegd worden","body":"'zal ... gezegd worden' stacks the future (zullen) onto a worden-passive: 'it shall not be said'. Existential/impersonal 'er' fills the subject slot. The verbs all cluster at the right."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"onder de korenmaat","title":"Biblical idiom: onder de korenmaat","body":"'het licht onder de korenmaat zetten' = to hide one's light under the bushel (Matthew 5:15). 'korenmaat' = a grain-measure/bushel. 'het brood des eeuwigen levens' = the bread of eternal life, with double genitive des/-en."}],"words":[{"surface":"Neen","lemma":"neen","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse interjection","gloss":"No"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"adverb","role":"expletive adverb in the passive construction","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"zal","lemma":"zullen","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"auxiliary of gezegd","gloss":"shall"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gezegd","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"gezegd","lemma":"zeggen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"past participle governed by worden","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"worden","lemma":"worden","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"passive auxiliary of gezegd","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of weggezet","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of licht","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"licht","lemma":"licht","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of passive weggezet","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of bestraalt","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ons","lemma":"ons","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of bestraalt","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"bestraalt","lemma":"bestralen","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause","gloss":"shines upon"},{"surface":"wordt","lemma":"worden","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"passive auxiliary of weggezet","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"weggezet","lemma":"wegzetten","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"main verb of the first dat-clause","gloss":"placed"},{"surface":"onder","lemma":"onder","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking korenmaat","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of korenmaat","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"korenmaat","lemma":"korenmaat","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of weggezet","gloss":"bushel"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the two negated dat-clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates the second dat-clause","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ook","lemma":"ook","morphology":"adverb","role":"forms niet ook, 'nor'","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of zyn","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"wy","lemma":"wij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of zyn","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"gierig","lemma":"gierig","morphology":"adjective","role":"predicative complement of zyn","gloss":"stingy"},{"surface":"zyn","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, present, plural","role":"copula of the second dat-clause","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking meedeelen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of meedeelen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"meedeelen","lemma":"meedelen","morphology":"verbal noun, neuter singular","role":"object of in","gloss":"sharing out"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the object of meedeelen","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of brood","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"brood","lemma":"brood","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of van","gloss":"bread"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, genitive","role":"genitive determiner of levens","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"eeuwigen","lemma":"eeuwig","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular","role":"modifies levens","gloss":"eternal"},{"surface":"levens","lemma":"leven","morphology":"noun, neuter, genitive singular","role":"genitive complement of brood","gloss":"life"}]},{"number":81,"label":"81","id":"h9-s81","source":"Slaat het oog op de eilanden des Indischen Oceaans, bewoond door millioenen en millioenen kinderen des verstooten zoons--en des te-recht verstooten zoons--van den edelen God gevalligen Noach!","translation":"Cast your eye upon the islands of the Indian Ocean, peopled by millions upon millions of children of the outcast son—and the justly outcast son—of the noble, God-pleasing Noah!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s81.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Slaat het oog op de eilanden","title":"Archaic plural imperative Slaat","body":"'Slaat' (with -t) is the older formal/plural imperative addressed to the congregation — modern Dutch would drop the -t ('Sla het oog op'). 'het oog slaan op' = to cast one's eye upon."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"de eilanden des Indischen Oceaans ... kinderen des verstooten zoons ... van Noach","title":"Stacked genitive des","body":"Three genitives 'des': des Indischen Oceaans, des (te-recht) verstooten zoons. The adjective and noun both take the masculine/neuter genitive -(e)n/-s. Pure 1860 case-remnant grammar, piled high for grandeur."}],"words":[{"surface":"Slaat","lemma":"slaan","morphology":"verb, imperative, plural or polite","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Cast"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of oog","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"oog","lemma":"oog","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of Slaat","gloss":"eye"},{"surface":"op","lemma":"op","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking eilanden","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of eilanden","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"eilanden","lemma":"eiland","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"object of op","gloss":"islands"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, genitive","role":"genitive determiner of Oceaans","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Indischen","lemma":"Indisch","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular","role":"modifies Oceaans","gloss":"Indian"},{"surface":"Oceaans","lemma":"oceaan","morphology":"noun, masculine, genitive singular","role":"genitive complement of eilanden","gloss":"Ocean"},{"surface":"bewoond","lemma":"bewonen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"participial clause modifying eilanden","gloss":"peopled"},{"surface":"door","lemma":"door","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking millioenen","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"millioenen","lemma":"miljoen","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"oblique complement of bewoond","gloss":"millions"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"millioenen","lemma":"miljoen","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"coordinated with millioenen","gloss":"millions"},{"surface":"kinderen","lemma":"kind","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"partitive complement of millioenen","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, genitive","role":"genitive determiner of zoons","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"verstooten","lemma":"verstoten","morphology":"verb, past participle, attributive","role":"modifies zoons","gloss":"outcast"},{"surface":"zoons","lemma":"zoon","morphology":"noun, masculine, genitive singular","role":"genitive complement of kinderen","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, genitive","role":"genitive determiner of zoons","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"te-recht","lemma":"terecht","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies verstooten","gloss":"justly"},{"surface":"verstooten","lemma":"verstoten","morphology":"verb, past participle, attributive","role":"modifies zoons","gloss":"outcast"},{"surface":"zoons","lemma":"zoon","morphology":"noun, masculine, genitive singular","role":"coordinated genitive complement of kinderen","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Noach","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, dative","role":"determiner of Noach","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"edelen","lemma":"edel","morphology":"adjective, dative singular","role":"modifies Noach","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"God","lemma":"God","morphology":"proper noun","role":"complement of gevalligen","gloss":"God"},{"surface":"gevalligen","lemma":"gevallig","morphology":"adjective, dative singular","role":"modifies Noach","gloss":"pleasing"},{"surface":"Noach","lemma":"Noach","morphology":"proper noun, dative singular","role":"object of van","gloss":"Noah"}]},{"number":82,"label":"82","id":"h9-s82","source":"Dáár kruipen zy rond in de walgelyke slangenholen van heidensche onkunde, daar buigen zy het zwarte kroesharige hoofd onder het juk van eigenbelangzuchtige priesters!","translation":"There they crawl about in the loathsome serpents' dens of heathen ignorance, there they bow their black, woolly-haired heads under the yoke of self-interested priests!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s82.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Dáár kruipen zy rond ... daar buigen zy ... hoofd","title":"Anaphoric Dáár + inversion","body":"Each clause fronts 'dáár' (there), forcing inversion ('kruipen zy', 'buigen zy'). 'kruipen ... rond' is separable rondkruipen. The hammered repetition is sermon rhetoric."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"kroesharige / juk / eigenbelangzuchtige","title":"Loaded compounds of the sermon","body":"'kroesharig' = woolly/frizzy-haired; 'juk' = yoke; 'eigenbelangzuchtig' = greedily self-interested. Multatuli stuffs Wawelaar's mouth with racist, dehumanizing compounds to expose the bigotry beneath the piety."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dáár","lemma":"daar","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies kruipen","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"kruipen","lemma":"kruipen","morphology":"verb, present, plural","role":"main verb of first clause","gloss":"crawl"},{"surface":"zy","lemma":"zij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of kruipen","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"rond","lemma":"rond","morphology":"adverb","role":"particle of kruipen ... rond","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking slangenholen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, definite","role":"determiner of slangenholen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"walgelyke","lemma":"walgelijk","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies slangenholen","gloss":"loathsome"},{"surface":"slangenholen","lemma":"slangenhol","morphology":"noun, neuter, plural","role":"oblique complement of kruipen","gloss":"serpents' dens"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking onkunde","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"heidensche","lemma":"heidens","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies onkunde","gloss":"heathen"},{"surface":"onkunde","lemma":"onkunde","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"complement of van","gloss":"ignorance"},{"surface":"daar","lemma":"daar","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies buigen","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"buigen","lemma":"buigen","morphology":"verb, present, plural","role":"main verb of second clause","gloss":"bow"},{"surface":"zy","lemma":"zij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of buigen","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner, definite","role":"determiner of hoofd","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"zwarte","lemma":"zwart","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies hoofd","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"kroesharige","lemma":"kroesharig","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies hoofd","gloss":"woolly-haired"},{"surface":"hoofd","lemma":"hoofd","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of buigen","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"onder","lemma":"onder","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking juk","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner, definite","role":"determiner of juk","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"juk","lemma":"juk","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of buigen","gloss":"yoke"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking priesters","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"eigenbelangzuchtige","lemma":"eigenbelangzuchtig","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies priesters","gloss":"self-interested"},{"surface":"priesters","lemma":"priester","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"complement of van","gloss":"priests"}]},{"number":83,"label":"83","id":"h9-s83","source":"Dáár aanbidden zy God onder aanroeping van een valschen profeet, die een gruwel is voor de oogen des Heeren! En, geliefden, zelfs zyn er die, als ware het niet genoeg een valschen profeet te gehoorzamen, zelfs zyn er die een anderen God, wat zeg ik, die goden aanbidden, goden van hout of steen, die zyzelf gemaakt hebben naar hun beeld, zwart, afschuwelyk, met platte neuzen en duivelachtig! ja, geliefden, byna beletten my de tranen hier voorttegaan, nog dieper is de verdorvenheid van Cham's geslachte!","translation":"There they worship God under the invocation of a false prophet, who is an abomination in the eyes of the Lord! And, beloved, there are even those who, as if it were not enough to obey a false prophet, there are even those who worship another God—what am I saying—who worship gods, gods of wood or stone, which they have made themselves after their own image, black, hideous, with flat noses and devilish! Yes, beloved, the tears here all but keep me from going on: deeper still is the depravity of Ham's lineage!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s83.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"zelfs zyn er die ... aanbidden","title":"Existential er + relative die without noun","body":"'zyn er die' = 'there are those who': existential 'er' plus a headless relative 'die'. The relative clause is verb-final ('aanbidden'). The structure repeats for cumulative horror."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"goden ... die zyzelf gemaakt hebben naar hun beeld","title":"Relative clause, perfect at the end","body":"'die zyzelf gemaakt hebben' is a relative clause with the perfect 'hebben gemaakt' pushed to the end. 'zyzelf' = they themselves (emphatic). 'naar hun beeld' = after their (own) image — a sneering inversion of Genesis."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"byna beletten my de tranen ... voorttegaan","title":"Inversion + separable voortgaan with te","body":"Fronting 'byna' inverts: 'beletten my de tranen'. 'voorttegaan' = voort-te-gaan, the te-infinitive of separable 'voortgaan' (to go on), joined into one word per 1860 spelling. 'beletten' (to prevent) governs te."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dáár","lemma":"daar","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies aanbidden","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"aanbidden","lemma":"aanbidden","morphology":"verb, present, plural","role":"main verb of first sentence","gloss":"worship"},{"surface":"zy","lemma":"zij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of aanbidden","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"God","lemma":"God","morphology":"proper noun, singular","role":"direct object of aanbidden","gloss":"God"},{"surface":"onder","lemma":"onder","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking aanroeping","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"aanroeping","lemma":"aanroeping","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"complement of onder","gloss":"invocation"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking profeet","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"determiner, indefinite","role":"determiner of profeet","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"valschen","lemma":"vals","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies profeet","gloss":"false"},{"surface":"profeet","lemma":"profeet","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"complement of van","gloss":"prophet"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"relative pronoun, singular","role":"subject of is","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"determiner, indefinite","role":"determiner of gruwel","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"gruwel","lemma":"gruwel","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"predicative complement of is","gloss":"abomination"},{"surface":"is","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"copula linking die and gruwel","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"voor","lemma":"voor","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oogen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, definite","role":"determiner of oogen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"oogen","lemma":"oog","morphology":"noun, neuter, plural","role":"complement of voor","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, genitive singular","role":"determiner of Heeren","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Heeren","lemma":"Heer","morphology":"proper noun, genitive singular","role":"possessor of oogen","gloss":"Lord"},{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the next sentence","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"geliefden","lemma":"geliefde","morphology":"noun, plural, vocative","role":"vocative address","gloss":"beloved"},{"surface":"zelfs","lemma":"zelfs","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies zijn","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"zyn","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, present, plural","role":"main verb of existential clause","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"adverb","role":"expletive in existential clause","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"relative pronoun, plural","role":"subject of interrupted relative clause","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces counterfactual clause","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"ware","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, past subjunctive, singular","role":"copula linking het and genoeg","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of ware","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates ware","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"genoeg","lemma":"genoeg","morphology":"adjective, predicative","role":"predicative complement of ware","gloss":"enough"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"determiner, indefinite","role":"determiner of profeet","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"valschen","lemma":"vals","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies profeet","gloss":"false"},{"surface":"profeet","lemma":"profeet","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of gehoorzamen","gloss":"prophet"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"infinitive marker","role":"marks gehoorzamen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"gehoorzamen","lemma":"gehoorzamen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal subject of ware","gloss":"obey"},{"surface":"zelfs","lemma":"zelfs","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies zijn","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"zyn","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, present, plural","role":"main verb of repeated existential clause","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"adverb","role":"expletive in existential clause","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"relative pronoun, plural","role":"subject of aanbidden","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"determiner, indefinite","role":"determiner of God","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"anderen","lemma":"ander","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies God","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"God","lemma":"God","morphology":"proper noun, singular","role":"direct object of aanbidden","gloss":"God"},{"surface":"wat","lemma":"wat","morphology":"interrogative pronoun","role":"direct object of zeg","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"zeg","lemma":"zeggen","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"main verb of parenthetical clause","gloss":"am saying"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of zeg","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"relative pronoun, plural","role":"subject of aanbidden","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"goden","lemma":"god","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of aanbidden","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"aanbidden","lemma":"aanbidden","morphology":"verb, present, plural","role":"relative clause on die","gloss":"worship"},{"surface":"goden","lemma":"god","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"apposition to goden","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hout","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"hout","lemma":"hout","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"complement of van","gloss":"wood"},{"surface":"of","lemma":"of","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"coordinates hout and steen","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"steen","lemma":"steen","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with hout","gloss":"stone"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"relative pronoun, plural","role":"direct object of gemaakt","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"zyzelf","lemma":"zijzelf","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of gemaakt hebben","gloss":"they themselves"},{"surface":"gemaakt","lemma":"maken","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"main verb of relative clause","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"hebben","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, plural","role":"auxiliary of gemaakt","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"naar","lemma":"naar","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking beeld","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"hun","lemma":"hun","morphology":"possessive determiner, plural","role":"possessor of beeld","gloss":"their own"},{"surface":"beeld","lemma":"beeld","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"complement of naar","gloss":"image"},{"surface":"zwart","lemma":"zwart","morphology":"adjective, predicative","role":"depictive modifier of goden","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"afschuwelyk","lemma":"afschuwelijk","morphology":"adjective, predicative","role":"depictive modifier of goden","gloss":"hideous"},{"surface":"met","lemma":"met","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking neuzen","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"platte","lemma":"plat","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies neuzen","gloss":"flat"},{"surface":"neuzen","lemma":"neus","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"complement of met","gloss":"noses"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"coordinates descriptive modifiers","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"duivelachtig","lemma":"duivelachtig","morphology":"adjective, predicative","role":"depictive modifier of goden","gloss":"devilish"},{"surface":"ja","lemma":"ja","morphology":"interjection","role":"introduces emphatic statement","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"geliefden","lemma":"geliefde","morphology":"noun, plural, vocative","role":"vocative address","gloss":"beloved"},{"surface":"byna","lemma":"bijna","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies beletten","gloss":"all but"},{"surface":"beletten","lemma":"beletten","morphology":"verb, present, plural","role":"main verb of clause","gloss":"keep from"},{"surface":"my","lemma":"mij","morphology":"pronoun, object, singular","role":"indirect object of beletten","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, definite","role":"determiner of tranen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tranen","lemma":"traan","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"subject of beletten","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"hier","lemma":"hier","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies voort te gaan","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"voorttegaan","lemma":"voortgaan","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of beletten","gloss":"going on"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dieper","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"dieper","lemma":"diep","morphology":"adjective, comparative, predicative","role":"predicative complement of is","gloss":"deeper"},{"surface":"is","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"copula linking verdorvenheid and dieper","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, definite","role":"determiner of verdorvenheid","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"verdorvenheid","lemma":"verdorvenheid","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of is","gloss":"depravity"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking geslachte","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Cham's","lemma":"Cham","morphology":"proper noun, possessive","role":"possessor of geslachte","gloss":"Ham's"},{"surface":"geslachte","lemma":"geslacht","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"complement of van","gloss":"lineage"}]},{"number":84,"label":"84","id":"h9-s84","source":"Er zyn er onder hen, die geen God kennen, onder welken naam ook! Die meenen dat het voldoende is, de wetten te gehoorzamen der burgerlyke maatschappy!","translation":"There are among them those who know no God, under any name whatever! Who suppose that it is enough to obey the laws of civil society!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s84.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Er zyn er onder hen, die geen God kennen","title":"Double er + geen-negation","body":"'Er zyn er' uses 'er' twice — first as existential subject-filler, second as a partitive 'of them'. 'geen God kennen' = to know no God; geen negates the indefinite object."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"de wetten ... der burgerlyke maatschappy","title":"Genitive der + te-infinitive te gehoorzamen","body":"'der burgerlyke maatschappy' is the feminine genitive 'der' ('of civil society'). 'het is voldoende ... te gehoorzamen' shows an adjective (voldoende) governing a te-infinitive."}],"words":[{"surface":"Er","lemma":"er","morphology":"adverb","role":"expletive in existential clause","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"zyn","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, present, plural","role":"main verb of existential clause","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"quantitative pronoun, plural","role":"subject of zijn","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"onder","lemma":"onder","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hen","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"hen","lemma":"hen","morphology":"pronoun, object, plural","role":"complement of onder","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"relative pronoun, plural","role":"subject of kennen","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"geen","lemma":"geen","morphology":"determiner, negative","role":"determiner of God","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"God","lemma":"God","morphology":"proper noun, singular","role":"direct object of kennen","gloss":"God"},{"surface":"kennen","lemma":"kennen","morphology":"verb, present, plural","role":"relative clause on er","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"onder","lemma":"onder","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking naam","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"welken","lemma":"welk","morphology":"free-choice determiner","role":"modifies naam","gloss":"whatever"},{"surface":"naam","lemma":"naam","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"complement of onder","gloss":"name"},{"surface":"ook","lemma":"ook","morphology":"adverb","role":"free-choice particle with welken","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"Die","lemma":"die","morphology":"relative pronoun, plural","role":"subject of meenen","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"meenen","lemma":"menen","morphology":"verb, present, plural","role":"main verb of relative clause","gloss":"suppose"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces complement clause","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"anticipatory subject of is","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"voldoende","lemma":"voldoende","morphology":"adjective, predicative","role":"predicative complement of is","gloss":"enough"},{"surface":"is","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"copula linking het and voldoende","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, definite","role":"determiner of wetten","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"wetten","lemma":"wet","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"direct object of gehoorzamen","gloss":"laws"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"infinitive marker","role":"marks gehoorzamen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"gehoorzamen","lemma":"gehoorzamen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of voldoende","gloss":"obey"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, genitive singular","role":"determiner of maatschappy","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"burgerlyke","lemma":"burgerlijk","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies maatschappy","gloss":"civil"},{"surface":"maatschappy","lemma":"maatschappij","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"genitive modifier of wetten","gloss":"society"}]},{"number":85,"label":"85","id":"h9-s85","source":"Die een oogstlied, waarin ze hun vreugde uitdrukken over het welslagen van hunnen arbeid, beschouwen als voldoenden dank aan het Opperwezen dat dien oogst rypen liet! Er leven daar verdoolden, myne geliefden--wanneer zulk een gruwelyk bestaan den naam van leven dragen mag!--daar vindt men wezens die beweren dat het voldoende is, vrouw en kind lieftehebben en van hunnen naaste niet te nemen wat hun niet behoort, om 's avends gerust het hoofd te kunnen nederleggen ter-slape!","translation":"Who regard a harvest-song, in which they express their joy at the success of their labor, as sufficient thanks to the Supreme Being who let that harvest ripen! There live there lost souls, my beloved—if such an abominable existence may bear the name of life!—there one finds creatures who claim that it is enough to love wife and child and to take nothing from one's neighbor that does not belong to one, in order to lay one's head down at peace of an evening to sleep!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s85.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"om 's avends ... het hoofd te kunnen nederleggen","title":"Purpose om ... te + modal","body":"'om ... te kunnen nederleggen' is a purpose clause ('in order to be able to lay down'); 'om' frames it and 'te' precedes the cluster. The modal 'kunnen' and 'nederleggen' stack at the end. ''s avends' = of an evening (genitive of time)."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"die dien oogst rypen liet","title":"Causative laten (past liet) + bare infinitive","body":"'rypen liet' = 'let ripen': causative 'laten' (past 'liet') with the bare infinitive 'rypen'. 'dien oogst' carries the old accusative 'dien'."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"oogstlied / verdoolden / het Opperwezen","title":"Key sermon vocabulary","body":"'oogstlied' = harvest-song; 'verdoolden' = lost/strayed souls (nominalized participle); 'het Opperwezen' = the Supreme Being. Wawelaar damns people whose only crime is gratitude and decency without his God."}],"words":[{"surface":"Die","lemma":"die","morphology":"relative pronoun, plural","role":"subject of beschouwen","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"determiner, indefinite","role":"determiner of oogstlied","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"oogstlied","lemma":"oogstlied","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of beschouwen","gloss":"harvest-song"},{"surface":"waarin","lemma":"waarin","morphology":"relative adverb","role":"modifies uitdrukken","gloss":"in which"},{"surface":"ze","lemma":"ze","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of uitdrukken","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hun","lemma":"hun","morphology":"possessive determiner, plural","role":"possessor of vreugde","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"vreugde","lemma":"vreugde","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of uitdrukken","gloss":"joy"},{"surface":"uitdrukken","lemma":"uitdrukken","morphology":"verb, present, plural","role":"main verb of relative clause","gloss":"express"},{"surface":"over","lemma":"over","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking welslagen","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner, definite","role":"determiner of welslagen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"welslagen","lemma":"welslagen","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"complement of over","gloss":"success"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking arbeid","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"hunnen","lemma":"hun","morphology":"possessive determiner, plural","role":"possessor of arbeid","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"arbeid","lemma":"arbeid","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"complement of van","gloss":"labor"},{"surface":"beschouwen","lemma":"beschouwen","morphology":"verb, present, plural","role":"main verb of relative clause","gloss":"regard"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"preposition","role":"marks predicative complement dank","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"voldoenden","lemma":"voldoende","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies dank","gloss":"sufficient"},{"surface":"dank","lemma":"dank","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"predicative complement of beschouwen","gloss":"thanks"},{"surface":"aan","lemma":"aan","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Opperwezen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner, definite","role":"determiner of Opperwezen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Opperwezen","lemma":"opperwezen","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"complement of aan","gloss":"Supreme Being"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"relative pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of liet","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"dien","lemma":"die","morphology":"demonstrative determiner","role":"modifies oogst","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"oogst","lemma":"oogst","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of liet","gloss":"harvest"},{"surface":"rypen","lemma":"rijpen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"bare infinitive complement of liet","gloss":"ripen"},{"surface":"liet","lemma":"laten","morphology":"verb, past, singular","role":"main verb of relative clause","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"Er","lemma":"er","morphology":"adverb","role":"expletive in presentative clause","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"leven","lemma":"leven","morphology":"verb, present, plural","role":"main verb of presentative clause","gloss":"live"},{"surface":"daar","lemma":"daar","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies leven","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"verdoolden","lemma":"verdoold","morphology":"substantivized adjective, plural","role":"subject of leven","gloss":"lost souls"},{"surface":"myne","lemma":"mijn","morphology":"possessive determiner, plural","role":"modifies geliefden","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"geliefden","lemma":"geliefde","morphology":"noun, plural, vocative","role":"vocative address","gloss":"beloved"},{"surface":"wanneer","lemma":"wanneer","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces conditional clause","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"zulk","lemma":"zulk","morphology":"demonstrative determiner","role":"modifies bestaan","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"determiner, indefinite","role":"determiner of bestaan","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"gruwelyk","lemma":"gruwelijk","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies bestaan","gloss":"abominable"},{"surface":"bestaan","lemma":"bestaan","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of dragen","gloss":"existence"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, definite","role":"determiner of naam","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"naam","lemma":"naam","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of dragen","gloss":"name"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking leven","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"leven","lemma":"leven","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"complement of van","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"dragen","lemma":"dragen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb governed by mag","gloss":"bear"},{"surface":"mag","lemma":"mogen","morphology":"modal verb, present, singular","role":"modal auxiliary of dragen","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"daar","lemma":"daar","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vindt","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"vindt","lemma":"vinden","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"main verb of clause","gloss":"finds"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of vindt","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"wezens","lemma":"wezen","morphology":"noun, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of vindt","gloss":"creatures"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"relative pronoun, plural","role":"subject of beweren","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"beweren","lemma":"beweren","morphology":"verb, present, plural","role":"main verb of relative clause","gloss":"claim"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces complement clause","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"anticipatory subject of is","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"voldoende","lemma":"voldoende","morphology":"adjective, predicative","role":"predicative complement of is","gloss":"enough"},{"surface":"is","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"copula linking het and voldoende","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"vrouw","lemma":"vrouw","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of lieftehebben","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"coordinates vrouw and kind","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"kind","lemma":"kind","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated with vrouw","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"lieftehebben","lemma":"liefhebben","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of voldoende","gloss":"to love"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"coordinates lieftehebben and nemen","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking naaste","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"hunnen","lemma":"hun","morphology":"possessive determiner, plural","role":"possessor of naaste","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"naaste","lemma":"naaste","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"complement of van","gloss":"neighbor"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates nemen","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"infinitive marker","role":"marks nemen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"nemen","lemma":"nemen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with lieftehebben","gloss":"take"},{"surface":"wat","lemma":"wat","morphology":"relative pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of behoort","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"hun","lemma":"hun","morphology":"pronoun, indirect object, plural","role":"indirect object of behoort","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates behoort","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"behoort","lemma":"behoren","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"main verb of relative clause","gloss":"belongs"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces purpose clause","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"'s","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, genitive singular","role":"part of adverbial 's avends","gloss":"of an"},{"surface":"avends","lemma":"avond","morphology":"noun, genitive singular","role":"adverbial of time on nederleggen","gloss":"evening"},{"surface":"gerust","lemma":"gerust","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nederleggen","gloss":"at peace"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner, definite","role":"determiner of hoofd","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hoofd","lemma":"hoofd","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of nederleggen","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"infinitive marker","role":"marks kunnen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"kunnen","lemma":"kunnen","morphology":"modal verb, infinitive","role":"modal auxiliary of nederleggen","gloss":"be able to"},{"surface":"nederleggen","lemma":"nederleggen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of purpose clause","gloss":"lay down"},{"surface":"ter-slape","lemma":"ter slape","morphology":"adverbial phrase","role":"purpose adjunct of nederleggen","gloss":"to sleep"}]},{"number":86,"label":"86","id":"h9-s86","source":"Yst ge niet by dit tafereel? Krimpt uw hart niet in-een by het bedenken wat het lot wezen zal van al die dwazen, zoodra de bazuine schallen zal, die de dooden oproept ter scheiding van rechtvaardigen en onrechtvaardigen?","translation":"Do you not shudder at this spectacle? Does your heart not shrink within you at the thought of what the fate will be of all those fools, as soon as the trumpet shall sound that calls up the dead for the separation of the righteous and the unrighteous?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s86.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Yst ge niet ... ? Krimpt uw hart niet in-een ... ?","title":"Yes/no questions with archaic ge / uw","body":"Both are rhetorical questions with verb-first order. 'ge' and possessive 'uw' (your) are the solemn pulpit register. 'ineenkrimpen' = to shrink/recoil; here split as 'krimpt ... in-een'."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"zoodra de bazuine schallen zal","title":"Subordinate zodra + future zullen","body":"'zoodra' (as soon as) is subordinating, so the future 'schallen zal' (zullen + infinitive) sits at the clause end. 'de bazuine' (period -e) = the trumpet of doom."}],"words":[{"surface":"Yst","lemma":"ijzen","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"main verb of the question","gloss":"do shudder","note":"Archaic spelling of ijst, from ijzen."},{"surface":"ge","lemma":"gij","morphology":"personal pronoun, second person singular, nominative","role":"subject of Yst","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates Yst","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"by","lemma":"bij","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces tafereel","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"dit","lemma":"dit","morphology":"demonstrative determiner, neuter singular","role":"determiner of tafereel","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"tafereel","lemma":"tafereel","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of by","gloss":"spectacle"},{"surface":"Krimpt","lemma":"krimpen","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"main verb of the question","gloss":"does shrink"},{"surface":"uw","lemma":"uw","morphology":"possessive determiner, second person","role":"determiner of hart","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"hart","lemma":"hart","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of Krimpt","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates Krimpt","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"in-een","lemma":"ineen","morphology":"separable particle","role":"particle of ineenkrimpen","gloss":"inward","note":"Archaic hyphenation; ineenkrimpen means “to shrink or contract.”"},{"surface":"by","lemma":"bij","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces bedenken","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner, neuter singular","role":"determiner of bedenken","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"bedenken","lemma":"bedenken","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of by","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"wat","lemma":"wat","morphology":"interrogative pronoun","role":"predicative complement of wezen","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner, neuter singular","role":"determiner of lot","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"lot","lemma":"lot","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of wezen","gloss":"fate"},{"surface":"wezen","lemma":"wezen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive governed by zal","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"zal","lemma":"zullen","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"auxiliary of wezen","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces dwazen","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"quantifying determiner","role":"modifies die dwazen","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"demonstrative determiner, plural","role":"determiner of dwazen","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"dwazen","lemma":"dwaas","morphology":"substantivized adjective, plural","role":"object of van","gloss":"fools"},{"surface":"zoodra","lemma":"zodra","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces temporal clause","gloss":"as soon as"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, common gender singular","role":"determiner of bazuine","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"bazuine","lemma":"bazuin","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of schallen","gloss":"trumpet"},{"surface":"schallen","lemma":"schallen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive governed by zal","gloss":"sound"},{"surface":"zal","lemma":"zullen","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"auxiliary of schallen","gloss":"shall"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"relative pronoun, common gender singular","role":"subject of oproept; refers to bazuine","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of dooden","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"dooden","lemma":"dode","morphology":"substantivized adjective, plural","role":"direct object of oproept","gloss":"dead"},{"surface":"oproept","lemma":"oproepen","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"verb of relative clause modifying bazuine","gloss":"calls up"},{"surface":"ter","lemma":"ter","morphology":"contracted preposition and determiner","role":"introduces scheiding","gloss":"for the"},{"surface":"scheiding","lemma":"scheiding","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of ter","gloss":"separation"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces coordinated objects","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"rechtvaardigen","lemma":"rechtvaardige","morphology":"substantivized adjective, plural","role":"object of van","gloss":"the righteous"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"links rechtvaardigen and onrechtvaardigen","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"onrechtvaardigen","lemma":"onrechtvaardige","morphology":"substantivized adjective, plural","role":"coordinated object of van","gloss":"the unrighteous"}]},{"number":87,"label":"87","id":"h9-s87","source":"Hoort ge niet--ja, gy hoort het, want uit de voorgelezen tekstwoorden hebt gy gezien dat uw God is een machtig God, en een God der gerechte wrake--ja, gy hoort het gekraak der beenderen en het geknetter der vlammen in het eeuwig Gehenna waar weeninge is, en tandengeknars!","translation":"Do you not hear—yes, you do hear it, for from the scriptural words read out you have seen that your God is a mighty God, and a God of righteous vengeance—yes, you hear the crack of the bones and the crackle of the flames in the eternal Gehenna where there is weeping, and gnashing of teeth!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s87.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ja, gy hoort het, want uit de ... tekstwoorden hebt gy gezien","title":"want (coordinating) + fronted PP","body":"'want' coordinates and keeps main-clause order; but the clause itself fronts 'uit de ... tekstwoorden', so it inverts: 'hebt gy gezien'. 'gy' is the emphatic archaic 'you'."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"uw God is een machtig God, en een God der gerechte wrake","title":"Genitive der gerechte wrake","body":"'der gerechte wrake' = 'of righteous vengeance', feminine genitive 'der' with genitive -e on the noun. The doubling 'een God ... en een God ...' is sermon parallelism."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hoort","lemma":"horen","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"main verb of the question","gloss":"do hear"},{"surface":"ge","lemma":"gij","morphology":"personal pronoun, second person singular, nominative","role":"subject of Hoort","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates Hoort","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ja","lemma":"ja","morphology":"interjection","role":"affirms the following clause","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"gy","lemma":"gij","morphology":"personal pronoun, second person singular, nominative","role":"subject of hoort","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"hoort","lemma":"horen","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"main verb of affirming clause","gloss":"do hear"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"personal pronoun, neuter singular","role":"direct object of hoort","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"want","lemma":"want","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"introduces explanatory clause","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"uit","lemma":"uit","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces tekstwoorden","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of tekstwoorden","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"voorgelezen","lemma":"voorlezen","morphology":"past participle used adjectivally","role":"modifies tekstwoorden","gloss":"read out"},{"surface":"tekstwoorden","lemma":"tekstwoord","morphology":"noun, neuter, plural","role":"object of uit","gloss":"scriptural words"},{"surface":"hebt","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"auxiliary of gezien","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"gy","lemma":"gij","morphology":"personal pronoun, second person singular, nominative","role":"subject of gezien","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"gezien","lemma":"zien","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"main verb of explanatory clause","gloss":"seen"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces complement clause of gezien","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"uw","lemma":"uw","morphology":"possessive determiner, second person","role":"determiner of God","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"God","lemma":"God","morphology":"proper noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of is","gloss":"God"},{"surface":"is","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"copular verb, present, singular","role":"links God to predicate noun phrases","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"indefinite determiner, singular","role":"determiner of God","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"machtig","lemma":"machtig","morphology":"adjective, attributive","role":"modifies God","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"God","lemma":"God","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"first predicate noun of is","gloss":"God"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"links predicate noun phrases","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"indefinite determiner, singular","role":"determiner of God","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"God","lemma":"God","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"second predicate noun of is","gloss":"God"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"de","morphology":"genitive determiner, feminine singular","role":"determiner of wrake","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"gerechte","lemma":"gerecht","morphology":"adjective, attributive","role":"modifies wrake","gloss":"righteous"},{"surface":"wrake","lemma":"wraak","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"genitive complement of God","gloss":"vengeance","note":"Archaic inflected form of wraak."},{"surface":"ja","lemma":"ja","morphology":"interjection","role":"affirms the following clause","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"gy","lemma":"gij","morphology":"personal pronoun, second person singular, nominative","role":"subject of hoort","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"hoort","lemma":"horen","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"main verb of resumed clause","gloss":"hear"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner, neuter singular","role":"determiner of gekraak","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"gekraak","lemma":"gekraak","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hoort","gloss":"crack"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"de","morphology":"genitive determiner, plural","role":"determiner of beenderen","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"beenderen","lemma":"been","morphology":"noun, neuter, plural","role":"genitive complement of gekraak","gloss":"bones"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"links gekraak and geknetter","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner, neuter singular","role":"determiner of geknetter","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"geknetter","lemma":"geknetter","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated direct object of hoort","gloss":"crackle"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"de","morphology":"genitive determiner, plural","role":"determiner of vlammen","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"vlammen","lemma":"vlam","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"genitive complement of geknetter","gloss":"flames"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces Gehenna","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner, neuter singular","role":"determiner of Gehenna","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"eeuwig","lemma":"eeuwig","morphology":"adjective, attributive","role":"modifies Gehenna","gloss":"eternal"},{"surface":"Gehenna","lemma":"Gehenna","morphology":"proper noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of in","gloss":"Gehenna"},{"surface":"waar","lemma":"waar","morphology":"relative adverb","role":"introduces relative clause modifying Gehenna","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"weeninge","lemma":"wening","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of is","gloss":"weeping","note":"Archaic form of wening, “weeping.”"},{"surface":"is","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"verb of relative clause","gloss":"there is"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"links weeninge and tandengeknars","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tandengeknars","lemma":"tandengeknars","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated subject of is","gloss":"gnashing of teeth"}]},{"number":88,"label":"88","id":"h9-s88","source":"Dáár, dáár branden zy, en vergaan niet, want eeuwig is de straffe!","translation":"There, there they burn, and do not perish, for the punishment is eternal!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s88.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dáár","lemma":"daar","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphatic locative modifying branden","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"dáár","lemma":"daar","morphology":"adverb","role":"repeated locative modifying branden","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"branden","lemma":"branden","morphology":"verb, present, plural","role":"main verb of first clause","gloss":"burn"},{"surface":"zy","lemma":"zij","morphology":"personal pronoun, third person plural, nominative","role":"subject of branden and vergaan","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"links branden and vergaan","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vergaan","lemma":"vergaan","morphology":"verb, present, plural","role":"coordinated verb with branden","gloss":"do perish"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates vergaan","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"want","lemma":"want","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"introduces explanatory clause","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"eeuwig","lemma":"eeuwig","morphology":"adjective, predicative","role":"predicative complement of is","gloss":"eternal"},{"surface":"is","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"copular verb, present, singular","role":"links straffe to eeuwig","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, common gender singular","role":"determiner of straffe","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"straffe","lemma":"straf","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of is","gloss":"punishment"}]},{"number":89,"label":"89","id":"h9-s89","source":"Dáár lekt de vlam met nooit voldane tong aan de gillende slachtoffers van het ongeloof! Dáár sterft de worm niet, die hunne harten dóór en dóór knaagt, zonder ooit die te vernietigen, opdat er steeds een hart te knagen overblyve in de borst van den Godverzaker!","translation":"There the flame licks with never-sated tongue at the shrieking victims of unbelief! There the worm does not die that gnaws their hearts through and through, without ever destroying them, so that there is always a heart left to gnaw in the breast of him who forsakes God!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s89.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"de worm ... die hunne harten dóór en dóór knaagt","title":"Relative die + possessive hunne","body":"'die' relativizes 'de worm' (a de-word). 'hunne harten' is the old inflected possessive 'hunne' (their). The verb 'knaagt' stays at the clause end."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"opdat er steeds een hart te knagen overblyve","title":"Purpose opdat + subjunctive overblijve","body":"'opdat' (in order that) is subordinating; the verb 'overblyve' is a subjunctive (-e), and as a separable verb it would normally split, but here closes the clause. 'er ... overblyve' uses existential 'er'."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"den Godverzaker","title":"Godverzaker — one who forsakes God","body":"A compound: 'God' + 'verzaker' (one who renounces/forsakes), 'the apostate'. 'den' marks the old masculine accusative. The image of the undying gnawing worm is from Mark 9:48 / Isaiah 66:24."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dáár","lemma":"daar","morphology":"adverb","role":"locative modifying lekt","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"lekt","lemma":"likken","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"main verb of first sentence","gloss":"licks"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, common gender singular","role":"determiner of vlam","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vlam","lemma":"vlam","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of lekt","gloss":"flame"},{"surface":"met","lemma":"met","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces tong","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"nooit","lemma":"nooit","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies voldane","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"voldane","lemma":"voldaan","morphology":"past participle used adjectivally, attributive","role":"modifies tong","gloss":"sated"},{"surface":"tong","lemma":"tong","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of met","gloss":"tongue"},{"surface":"aan","lemma":"aan","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces slachtoffers","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of slachtoffers","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"gillende","lemma":"gillen","morphology":"present participle used adjectivally","role":"modifies slachtoffers","gloss":"shrieking"},{"surface":"slachtoffers","lemma":"slachtoffer","morphology":"noun, neuter, plural","role":"object of aan","gloss":"victims"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces ongeloof","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner, neuter singular","role":"determiner of ongeloof","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ongeloof","lemma":"ongeloof","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"complement of slachtoffers","gloss":"unbelief"},{"surface":"Dáár","lemma":"daar","morphology":"adverb","role":"locative modifying sterft","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"sterft","lemma":"sterven","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"main verb of second sentence","gloss":"dies"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, common gender singular","role":"determiner of worm","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"worm","lemma":"worm","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of sterft","gloss":"worm"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates sterft","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"relative pronoun, common gender singular","role":"subject of knaagt; refers to worm","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hunne","lemma":"hun","morphology":"possessive determiner, plural","role":"determiner of harten","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"harten","lemma":"hart","morphology":"noun, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of knaagt","gloss":"hearts"},{"surface":"dóór","lemma":"door","morphology":"adverb","role":"first half of emphatic door en door","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"links repeated dóór","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dóór","lemma":"door","morphology":"adverb","role":"second half of emphatic door en door","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"knaagt","lemma":"knagen","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"verb of relative clause modifying worm","gloss":"gnaws"},{"surface":"zonder","lemma":"zonder","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces infinitive clause","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"ooit","lemma":"ooit","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vernietigen","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"demonstrative pronoun, plural","role":"direct object of vernietigen; refers to harten","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"infinitive marker","role":"marks vernietigen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"vernietigen","lemma":"vernietigen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of zonder","gloss":"destroying"},{"surface":"opdat","lemma":"opdat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces purpose clause","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"existential adverb","role":"expletive in clause with overblyve","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"steeds","lemma":"steeds","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies overblyve","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"indefinite determiner, singular","role":"determiner of hart","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hart","lemma":"hart","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of overblyve","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"infinitive marker","role":"marks knagen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"knagen","lemma":"knagen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"postmodifier of hart","gloss":"gnaw"},{"surface":"overblyve","lemma":"overblijven","morphology":"verb, present subjunctive, singular","role":"main verb of purpose clause","gloss":"be left","note":"Archaic spelling and subjunctive form of overblijven."},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces borst","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, common gender singular","role":"determiner of borst","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"borst","lemma":"borst","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of in","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces Godverzaker","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, masculine singular, oblique form","role":"determiner of Godverzaker","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Godverzaker","lemma":"godverzaker","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of van","gloss":"God-forsaker"}]},{"number":90,"label":"90","id":"h9-s90","source":"Ziet, hoe men het zwarte vel afstroopt van het ongedoopte kind dat, nauwelyks geboren, werd weggeslingerd van de borst der moeder, in den poel der eeuwige verdoemenis ...","translation":"Behold how the black skin is flayed from the unbaptized child that, scarcely born, was flung away from its mother's breast into the pool of eternal damnation ...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s90.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Ziet, hoe men het zwarte vel afstroopt","title":"Archaic imperative Ziet + separable afstropen","body":"'Ziet' is the old -t imperative ('Behold'). 'het zwarte vel afstroopt' is the separable verb 'afstropen' (to flay/strip), prefix 'af' trailing to the end of the indirect-question clause introduced by 'hoe'."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"het ongedoopte kind dat ... werd weggeslingerd","title":"worden-passive in the past: werd weggeslingerd","body":"'werd weggeslingerd' is the past worden-passive (werd = past of worden) of separable 'wegslingeren' (to fling away). The relative 'dat' suits the het-word 'kind'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ziet","lemma":"zien","morphology":"verb, imperative, plural","role":"main verb introducing hoe-clause","gloss":"behold"},{"surface":"hoe","lemma":"hoe","morphology":"subordinating adverb","role":"introduces complement clause of Ziet","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"indefinite pronoun, singular, nominative","role":"subject of afstroopt","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner, neuter singular","role":"determiner of vel","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"zwarte","lemma":"zwart","morphology":"adjective, attributive","role":"modifies vel","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"vel","lemma":"vel","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of afstroopt","gloss":"skin"},{"surface":"afstroopt","lemma":"afstropen","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"main verb of hoe-clause","gloss":"flays"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces kind","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner, neuter singular","role":"determiner of kind","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ongedoopte","lemma":"ongedoopt","morphology":"adjective, attributive","role":"modifies kind","gloss":"unbaptized"},{"surface":"kind","lemma":"kind","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of van","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"relative pronoun, neuter singular","role":"subject of werd weggeslingerd; refers to kind","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"nauwelyks","lemma":"nauwelijks","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies geboren","gloss":"scarcely"},{"surface":"geboren","lemma":"geboren","morphology":"past participle used adjectivally","role":"supplementary predicate of dat","gloss":"born"},{"surface":"werd","lemma":"worden","morphology":"passive auxiliary, past, singular","role":"auxiliary of weggeslingerd","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"weggeslingerd","lemma":"wegslingeren","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"verb of relative clause modifying kind","gloss":"flung away"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces borst","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, common gender singular","role":"determiner of borst","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"borst","lemma":"borst","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of van","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"de","morphology":"genitive determiner, feminine singular","role":"determiner of moeder","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"moeder","lemma":"moeder","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"genitive complement of borst","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces poel","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, masculine singular, oblique form","role":"determiner of poel","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"poel","lemma":"poel","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of in","gloss":"pool"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"de","morphology":"genitive determiner, feminine singular","role":"determiner of verdoemenis","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"eeuwige","lemma":"eeuwig","morphology":"adjective, attributive","role":"modifies verdoemenis","gloss":"eternal"},{"surface":"verdoemenis","lemma":"verdoemenis","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"genitive complement of poel","gloss":"damnation"}]},{"number":91,"label":"91","id":"h9-s91","source":"Toen viel er een juffrouw flauw ...","translation":"At that point a lady fainted ...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s91.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Toen viel er een juffrouw flauw","title":"Fronted Toen + existential er + separable flauwvallen","body":"'Toen' (then) fronts and inverts ('viel er'). 'er ... een juffrouw' is the existential/presentative 'er' introducing a new subject. 'flauwvallen' (to faint) splits: 'viel ... flauw'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Toen","lemma":"toen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies viel flauw","gloss":"at that point"},{"surface":"viel","lemma":"vallen","morphology":"verb, past, singular","role":"finite part of viel flauw","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"presentative adverb","role":"marks postverbal indefinite subject","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"indefinite determiner, singular","role":"determiner of juffrouw","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"juffrouw","lemma":"juffrouw","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of viel flauw","gloss":"lady"},{"surface":"flauw","lemma":"flauw","morphology":"separable particle","role":"particle completing viel flauw","gloss":"fainted","note":"Viel flauw is the separable past-tense expression meaning “fainted.”"}]},{"number":92,"label":"92","id":"h9-s92","source":"\"Maar, geliefden, ging dominee Wawelaar voort, God is een God van liefde!","translation":"\"But, beloved,\" the Reverend Wawelaar went on, \"God is a God of love!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s92.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ging dominee Wawelaar voort","title":"Separable voortgaan in narration","body":"An inquit (speech-tag) inserted mid-sentence: 'ging ... voort' is the separable 'voortgaan' (to continue) in the past, with subject after the verb. 'voort' goes to the end."}],"words":[{"surface":"Maar","lemma":"maar","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"introduces resumed direct speech","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"geliefden","lemma":"geliefde","morphology":"substantivized adjective, plural, vocative","role":"term of address","gloss":"beloved"},{"surface":"ging","lemma":"gaan","morphology":"verb, past, singular","role":"finite part of ging voort","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"dominee","lemma":"dominee","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"title in subject noun phrase","gloss":"Reverend"},{"surface":"Wawelaar","lemma":"Wawelaar","morphology":"proper noun, singular","role":"head of subject noun phrase","gloss":"Wawelaar"},{"surface":"voort","lemma":"voort","morphology":"separable particle","role":"particle of voortgaan","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"God","lemma":"God","morphology":"proper noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of is","gloss":"God"},{"surface":"is","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"copular verb, present, singular","role":"links God to predicate noun","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"indefinite determiner, singular","role":"determiner of God","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"God","lemma":"God","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate noun of is","gloss":"God"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces liefde","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"liefde","lemma":"liefde","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of van","gloss":"love"}]},{"number":93,"label":"93","id":"h9-s93","source":"Hy wil niet dat de zondaar verloren ga, maar dat hy zalig worde met de genade, in Christus, door het geloof!","translation":"He does not will that the sinner be lost, but that he be saved by grace, in Christ, through faith!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s93.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Hy wil niet dat de zondaar verloren ga, maar dat hy zalig worde","title":"Twin dat-clauses with subjunctive ga / worde","body":"'wil ... dat ... ga ... maar dat ... worde' — two subordinate dat-clauses, both verb-final, both with present subjunctives 'ga' and 'worde' in the solemn biblical register."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"zalig worde met de genade","title":"zalig worden — to be saved","body":"'zalig' = blessed/saved; 'zalig worden' = to attain salvation. 'door het geloof' = through faith — the sermon recites the Reformation formula of grace and faith in Christ."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hy","lemma":"hij","morphology":"personal pronoun, third person singular, nominative","role":"subject of wil","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"wil","lemma":"willen","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"main verb of sentence","gloss":"wills"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates wil","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces first complement clause","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, common gender singular","role":"determiner of zondaar","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"zondaar","lemma":"zondaar","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of ga","gloss":"sinner"},{"surface":"verloren","lemma":"verloren","morphology":"adjective, predicative","role":"predicative complement of ga","gloss":"lost"},{"surface":"ga","lemma":"gaan","morphology":"verb, present subjunctive, singular","role":"verb of first complement clause","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"maar","lemma":"maar","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"links complement clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces second complement clause","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hy","lemma":"hij","morphology":"personal pronoun, third person singular, nominative","role":"subject of worde","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"zalig","lemma":"zalig","morphology":"adjective, predicative","role":"predicative complement of worde","gloss":"saved"},{"surface":"worde","lemma":"worden","morphology":"copular verb, present subjunctive, singular","role":"verb of second complement clause","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"met","lemma":"met","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces genade","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, common gender singular","role":"determiner of genade","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"genade","lemma":"genade","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of met","gloss":"grace"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces Christus","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Christus","lemma":"Christus","morphology":"proper noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of in","gloss":"Christ"},{"surface":"door","lemma":"door","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces geloof","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner, neuter singular","role":"determiner of geloof","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"geloof","lemma":"geloof","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of door","gloss":"faith"}]},{"number":94,"label":"94","id":"h9-s94","source":"En daarom is Nederland uitverkoren om van die rampzaligen te redden wat er van te redden is!","translation":"And that is why the Netherlands is chosen to rescue from among those wretched ones whatever can be rescued!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s94.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"om ... te redden wat er ... te redden is","title":"om ... te (purpose) twice over","body":"'om ... te redden' is a purpose clause ('to rescue'); embedded in it, 'wat er ... te redden is' uses te + infinitive after 'is' to mean 'what can be rescued'. 'er' is the existential filler."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"Nederland is uitverkoren","title":"zijn-passive: is uitverkoren","body":"'is uitverkoren' is a stative zijn-passive of separable 'uitverkiezen' (to choose/elect): 'is chosen'. The participle 'uitverkoren' is strong (vowel change, no extra ge-)."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of uitverkoren","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"daarom","lemma":"daarom","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies uitverkoren","gloss":"that is why"},{"surface":"is","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"passive auxiliary of uitverkoren","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Nederland","lemma":"Nederland","morphology":"proper noun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of uitverkoren","gloss":"the Netherlands"},{"surface":"uitverkoren","lemma":"uitverkiezen","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"main verb in the passive clause","gloss":"chosen"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the purpose clause of redden","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rampzaligen","gloss":"from among"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of rampzaligen","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"rampzaligen","lemma":"rampzalig","morphology":"substantivized adjective, plural","role":"complement of van","gloss":"wretched ones"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"infinitive marker","role":"marks the infinitive redden","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"redden","lemma":"redden","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"head of the purpose clause","gloss":"rescue"},{"surface":"wat","lemma":"wat","morphology":"indefinite relative pronoun","role":"direct object of the first redden and subject of is","gloss":"whatever"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronominal adverb","role":"part of er van, referring to the rampzaligen","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"partitive complement with er","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"infinitive marker","role":"marks the infinitive redden","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"redden","lemma":"redden","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitival complement of is","gloss":"rescue"},{"surface":"is","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"finite verb governing te redden","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":95,"label":"95","id":"h9-s95","source":"Dáártoe heeft Hy in Zyn onnaspeurlyke Wysheid aan een land, klein van omvang, maar groot en sterk door de kennisse Gods, macht gegeven over de bewoners dier gewesten, opdat zy door het heilig nooit volprezen Evangelium worden gered van de straffen der helle!","translation":"To that end He has, in His inscrutable Wisdom, given to a land small in extent, but great and strong through the knowledge of God, power over the inhabitants of those regions, that they may be saved by the holy, never-sufficiently-praised Gospel from the punishments of hell!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s95.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Dáártoe heeft Hy ... macht gegeven","title":"Pronominal adverb daartoe + inversion","body":"'Dáártoe' = 'to that end' (daar + toe), a pronominal adverb fronted to first position, so the perfect inverts: 'heeft Hy ... gegeven'. Pronominal adverbs fuse a preposition with daar-/waar-/er-."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"opdat zy ... worden gered","title":"Purpose opdat + worden-passive","body":"'opdat zy ... worden gered' = 'that they may be saved': subordinating 'opdat' plus a worden-passive, verbs at the end. 'de straffen der helle' uses genitive 'der' (of hell)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dáártoe","lemma":"daartoe","morphology":"pronominal adverb","role":"adverbial modifier of gegeven","gloss":"To that end"},{"surface":"heeft","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"perfect auxiliary of gegeven","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"Hy","lemma":"hij","morphology":"personal pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of gegeven","gloss":"He"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the adverbial phrase of Wysheid","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Zyn","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"possessive determiner, singular","role":"possessive determiner of Wysheid","gloss":"His"},{"surface":"onnaspeurlyke","lemma":"onnaspeurlijk","morphology":"adjective, inflected","role":"modifies Wysheid","gloss":"inscrutable"},{"surface":"Wysheid","lemma":"wijsheid","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"complement of in","gloss":"Wisdom"},{"surface":"aan","lemma":"aan","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking land","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of land","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"land","lemma":"land","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of gegeven","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"klein","lemma":"klein","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies land","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking omvang","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"omvang","lemma":"omvang","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of klein","gloss":"extent"},{"surface":"maar","lemma":"maar","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"groot","lemma":"groot","morphology":"adjective","role":"predicative modifier of land, coordinated with klein","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sterk","lemma":"sterk","morphology":"adjective","role":"predicative modifier of land, coordinated with groot","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"door","lemma":"door","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kennisse","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of kennisse","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"kennisse","lemma":"kennis","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"complement of door","gloss":"knowledge"},{"surface":"Gods","lemma":"God","morphology":"proper noun, genitive singular","role":"genitive modifier of kennisse","gloss":"of God"},{"surface":"macht","lemma":"macht","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of gegeven","gloss":"power"},{"surface":"gegeven","lemma":"geven","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"given"},{"surface":"over","lemma":"over","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bewoners","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of bewoners","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"bewoners","lemma":"bewoner","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"complement of over","gloss":"inhabitants"},{"surface":"dier","lemma":"die","morphology":"demonstrative determiner, genitive plural","role":"determiner of gewesten","gloss":"of those"},{"surface":"gewesten","lemma":"gewest","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"genitive complement modifying bewoners","gloss":"regions"},{"surface":"opdat","lemma":"opdat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the purpose clause of gered","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"zy","lemma":"zij","morphology":"personal pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of gered","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"door","lemma":"door","morphology":"preposition","role":"marks the agent Evangelium","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of Evangelium","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"heilig","lemma":"heilig","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies Evangelium","gloss":"holy"},{"surface":"nooit","lemma":"nooit","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies volprezen","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"volprezen","lemma":"volprijzen","morphology":"verb, past participle used adjectivally","role":"modifies Evangelium","gloss":"sufficiently praised"},{"surface":"Evangelium","lemma":"evangelie","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"agent of gered, governed by door","gloss":"Gospel"},{"surface":"worden","lemma":"worden","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, plural","role":"passive auxiliary of gered","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"gered","lemma":"redden","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"main verb of the purpose clause","gloss":"saved"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking straffen","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of straffen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"straffen","lemma":"straf","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"oblique complement of gered","gloss":"punishments"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, genitive singular","role":"determiner of helle","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"helle","lemma":"hel","morphology":"noun, common gender, genitive singular","role":"genitive complement modifying straffen","gloss":"hell"}]},{"number":96,"label":"96","id":"h9-s96","source":"De schepen van Nederland bevaren de groote wateren, en brengen beschaving, godsdienst, Christendom, aan den verdoolden javaan!","translation":"The ships of the Netherlands sail the great waters, and carry civilization, religion, Christianity, to the wayward Javanese!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s96.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"De schepen van Nederland bevaren de groote wateren","title":"Present tense, plural verb","body":"'bevaren' (to navigate/sail) and 'brengen' are present-tense plurals (subject 'de schepen'). 'de groote wateren' shows period spelling 'groote' (modern grote) with the doubled vowel and adjective -e."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of schepen","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"schepen","lemma":"schip","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"subject of bevaren","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Nederland","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Nederland","lemma":"Nederland","morphology":"proper noun, neuter, singular","role":"complement of van modifying schepen","gloss":"the Netherlands"},{"surface":"bevaren","lemma":"bevaren","morphology":"verb, present, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sail"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of wateren","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"groote","lemma":"groot","morphology":"adjective, inflected","role":"modifies wateren","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"wateren","lemma":"water","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"direct object of bevaren","gloss":"waters"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"brengen","lemma":"brengen","morphology":"verb, present, plural","role":"coordinated with bevaren","gloss":"carry"},{"surface":"beschaving","lemma":"beschaving","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of brengen","gloss":"civilization"},{"surface":"godsdienst","lemma":"godsdienst","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with beschaving","gloss":"religion"},{"surface":"Christendom","lemma":"christendom","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated direct object of brengen","gloss":"Christianity"},{"surface":"aan","lemma":"aan","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking verdoolden","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, archaic masculine oblique form","role":"determiner of verdoolden","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"verdoolden","lemma":"verdoold","morphology":"adjective, inflected","role":"modifies javaan","gloss":"wayward"},{"surface":"javaan","lemma":"Javaan","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"complement of aan","gloss":"Javanese"}]},{"number":97,"label":"97","id":"h9-s97","source":"Neen, ons gelukkig Nederland begeert niet voor zich alleen de zaligheid: wy willen die ook mededeelen aan de ongelukkige schepselen op verre stranden, die daar gebonden liggen in de kluisters van ongeloof, bygeloof en zedeloosheid! Het beschouwen van de plichten die ten-dezen op ons rusten, zal het zevende deel myner rede uitmaken.\"","translation":"No, our happy Netherlands does not crave salvation for itself alone: we want to share it also with the unhappy creatures on distant shores, who lie bound there in the fetters of unbelief, superstition, and immorality! The consideration of the duties that rest upon us in this matter will make up the seventh part of my discourse.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s97.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"wy willen die ook mededeelen aan de ... schepselen","title":"Modal willen + separable mededelen","body":"Modal 'willen' governs the bare infinitive 'mededeelen' (to share/impart, separable mee-deelen). 'die' here is the demonstrative object 'it/that (salvation)'. 'wy' = the archaic 'we'."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"Het beschouwen ... zal het zevende deel ... uitmaken","title":"Nominalized infinitive as subject + future","body":"'Het beschouwen van de plichten' (the considering of the duties) is a nominalized infinitive serving as subject. 'zal ... uitmaken' is the future of separable 'uitmaken' (to constitute)."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"kluisters van ongeloof, bygeloof en zedeloosheid","title":"kluisters; geloof / bygeloof","body":"'kluisters' = fetters, shackles. Note the trio 'ongeloof' (unbelief), 'bygeloof' (superstition, period spelling of bijgeloof), 'zedeloosheid' (immorality) — all formed from -geloof / zede roots."}],"words":[{"surface":"Neen","lemma":"neen","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse interjection introducing the sentence","gloss":"No"},{"surface":"ons","lemma":"ons","morphology":"possessive determiner, singular","role":"possessive determiner of Nederland","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"gelukkig","lemma":"gelukkig","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies Nederland","gloss":"happy"},{"surface":"Nederland","lemma":"Nederland","morphology":"proper noun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of begeert","gloss":"the Netherlands"},{"surface":"begeert","lemma":"begeren","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"craves"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies begeert","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"voor","lemma":"voor","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking zich","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"zich","lemma":"zich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"oblique complement of begeert","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"alleen","lemma":"alleen","morphology":"adverb","role":"focuses the phrase voor zich","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of zaligheid","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"zaligheid","lemma":"zaligheid","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of begeert","gloss":"salvation"},{"surface":"wy","lemma":"wij","morphology":"personal pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of willen","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"willen","lemma":"willen","morphology":"verb, present, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"want"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"demonstrative pronoun","role":"direct object of mededeelen, referring to zaligheid","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ook","lemma":"ook","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mededeelen","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"mededeelen","lemma":"meedelen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitival complement of willen","gloss":"share"},{"surface":"aan","lemma":"aan","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking schepselen","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of schepselen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ongelukkige","lemma":"ongelukkig","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies schepselen","gloss":"unhappy"},{"surface":"schepselen","lemma":"schepsel","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"recipient of mededeelen, governed by aan","gloss":"creatures"},{"surface":"op","lemma":"op","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking stranden","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"verre","lemma":"ver","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies stranden","gloss":"distant"},{"surface":"stranden","lemma":"strand","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"complement of op modifying schepselen","gloss":"shores"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"relative pronoun, plural","role":"subject of liggen, referring to schepselen","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"daar","lemma":"daar","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies liggen","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"gebonden","lemma":"binden","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"complement of liggen","gloss":"bound"},{"surface":"liggen","lemma":"liggen","morphology":"verb, present, plural","role":"main verb of the relative clause on schepselen","gloss":"lie"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking kluisters","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of kluisters","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"kluisters","lemma":"kluister","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"oblique complement of liggen","gloss":"fetters"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ongeloof","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ongeloof","lemma":"ongeloof","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"modifies kluisters","gloss":"unbelief"},{"surface":"bygeloof","lemma":"bijgeloof","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with ongeloof","gloss":"superstition"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"zedeloosheid","lemma":"zedeloosheid","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"coordinated with ongeloof","gloss":"immorality"},{"surface":"Het","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of beschouwen","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"beschouwen","lemma":"beschouwen","morphology":"nominalized infinitive, neuter, singular","role":"subject of uitmaken","gloss":"consideration"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking plichten","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of plichten","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"plichten","lemma":"plicht","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"complement of van modifying beschouwen","gloss":"duties"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"relative pronoun, plural","role":"subject of rusten","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ten-dezen","lemma":"te dezen","morphology":"fixed adverbial phrase","role":"modifies rusten","gloss":"in this matter"},{"surface":"op","lemma":"op","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ons","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ons","lemma":"ons","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"oblique complement of rusten","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"rusten","lemma":"rusten","morphology":"verb, present, plural","role":"main verb of the relative clause on plichten","gloss":"rest"},{"surface":"zal","lemma":"zullen","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"auxiliary of uitmaken","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of deel","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"zevende","lemma":"zevende","morphology":"ordinal adjective","role":"modifies deel","gloss":"seventh"},{"surface":"deel","lemma":"deel","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of uitmaken","gloss":"part"},{"surface":"myner","lemma":"mijn","morphology":"possessive determiner, genitive singular","role":"possessive determiner of rede","gloss":"of my"},{"surface":"rede","lemma":"rede","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"genitive complement modifying deel","gloss":"discourse"},{"surface":"uitmaken","lemma":"uitmaken","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"make up"}]},{"number":98,"label":"98","id":"h9-s98","source":"Want, wat voorafging was het zesde. Onder de plichten die wy ten-aanzien van die arme heidenen te vervullen hebben, werden genoemd:","translation":"For what had gone before was the sixth. Among the duties that we have to fulfill with regard to those poor heathens, the following were named:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s98.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"de plichten die wy ... te vervullen hebben","title":"te-infinitive of obligation: te vervullen hebben","body":"'te vervullen hebben' = 'have to fulfil', the 'hebben te + infinitive' construction expressing duty. The relative 'die' opens the clause and the verb cluster goes to the end."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"werden genoemd","title":"worden-passive in the past: werden genoemd","body":"'werden genoemd' = 'were named': the past worden-passive (werden = past plural of worden) + participle, introducing the numbered list of 'duties'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Want","lemma":"want","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of was","gloss":"For"},{"surface":"wat","lemma":"wat","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of voorafging","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"voorafging","lemma":"voorafgaan","morphology":"verb, past, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause headed by wat","gloss":"had gone before"},{"surface":"was","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, past, singular","role":"copula linking wat voorafging to het zesde","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of zesde","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"zesde","lemma":"zesde","morphology":"substantivized ordinal adjective, singular","role":"predicative complement of was","gloss":"sixth"},{"surface":"Onder","lemma":"onder","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking plichten","gloss":"Among"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of plichten","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"plichten","lemma":"plicht","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"complement of Onder","gloss":"duties"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"relative pronoun, plural","role":"direct object of vervullen","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"wy","lemma":"wij","morphology":"personal pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of hebben","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"ten-aanzien","lemma":"ten aanzien","morphology":"fixed prepositional phrase","role":"introduces the complement heidenen","gloss":"with regard"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking heidenen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of heidenen","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"arme","lemma":"arm","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies heidenen","gloss":"poor"},{"surface":"heidenen","lemma":"heiden","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"complement of van in ten aanzien van","gloss":"heathens"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"infinitive marker","role":"marks the infinitive vervullen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"vervullen","lemma":"vervullen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"relative clause on plichten","gloss":"fulfill"},{"surface":"hebben","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"verb, present, plural","role":"finite verb governing te vervullen","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"werden","lemma":"worden","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, plural","role":"passive auxiliary of genoemd","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"genoemd","lemma":"noemen","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"main verb of the passive clause","gloss":"named"}]},{"number":99,"label":"99","id":"h9-s99","source":"1° Het geven van ruime bydragen in geld aan de zendelingsvereeniging.","translation":"1° The giving of generous contributions in money to the missionary society.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s99.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Het geven van ruime bydragen in geld","title":"Nominalized infinitive het geven van","body":"'Het geven van ...' turns the verb 'geven' into a noun phrase ('the giving of...'), the standard way to head a list-item. 'bydragen' = contributions (period spelling of bijdragen)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Het","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of geven","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"geven","lemma":"geven","morphology":"nominalized infinitive, neuter, singular","role":"head of the numbered item","gloss":"giving"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bydragen","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ruime","lemma":"ruim","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies bydragen","gloss":"generous"},{"surface":"bydragen","lemma":"bijdrage","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"complement of van","gloss":"contributions"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking geld","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"geld","lemma":"geld","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"complement of in modifying bijdragen","gloss":"money"},{"surface":"aan","lemma":"aan","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking zendelingsvereeniging","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of zendelingsvereeniging","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"zendelingsvereeniging","lemma":"zendelingenvereniging","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"complement of aan","gloss":"missionary society"}]},{"number":100,"label":"100","id":"h9-s100","source":"2° Het ondersteunen der bybelgenootschappen, ten-einde deze in-staat te stellen, bybels op Java uittedeelen.","translation":"2° The support of the Bible societies, in order to enable them to distribute Bibles on Java.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s100.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ten-einde deze in-staat te stellen, bybels ... uittedeelen","title":"ten einde + te; nested te-infinitive","body":"'ten einde ... te stellen' = 'in order to enable' (a formal variant of om ... te). It governs a further te-infinitive 'uittedeelen' (uit-te-deelen, the te-form of separable uitdelen, joined per 1860 spelling)."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"Het ondersteunen der bybelgenootschappen","title":"Nominalized infinitive + genitive der","body":"'Het ondersteunen der bybelgenootschappen' = 'the support of the Bible societies'; the plural genitive 'der' marks the object of the nominalized verb."}],"words":[{"surface":"Het","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of ondersteunen","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"ondersteunen","lemma":"ondersteunen","morphology":"nominalized infinitive, neuter, singular","role":"head of the numbered item","gloss":"support"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, genitive plural","role":"determiner of bybelgenootschappen","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"bybelgenootschappen","lemma":"bijbelgenootschap","morphology":"noun, neuter, plural","role":"genitive complement of ondersteunen","gloss":"Bible societies"},{"surface":"ten-einde","lemma":"teneinde","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the purpose clause of stellen","gloss":"in order to"},{"surface":"deze","lemma":"deze","morphology":"demonstrative pronoun, plural","role":"direct object of stellen, referring to bybelgenootschappen","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"in-staat","lemma":"in staat","morphology":"fixed predicative phrase","role":"predicative complement of stellen","gloss":"able"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"infinitive marker","role":"marks the infinitive stellen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"stellen","lemma":"stellen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"head of the purpose clause","gloss":"make"},{"surface":"bybels","lemma":"bijbel","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"direct object of uittedeelen","gloss":"Bibles"},{"surface":"op","lemma":"op","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Java","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"Java","lemma":"Java","morphology":"proper noun, neuter, singular","role":"complement of op modifying uittedeelen","gloss":"Java"},{"surface":"uittedeelen","lemma":"uitdelen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitival complement of in staat stellen","gloss":"distribute","note":"Historical spelling writes modern uit te delen as one word."}]},{"number":101,"label":"101","id":"h9-s101","source":"3° Het bevorderen van \"Oefeningen\" te Harderwyk, ten dienste van het koloniaal werfdepôt.","translation":"3° The promotion of \"Exercises\" at Harderwijk, for the benefit of the colonial recruiting depot.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s101.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Het","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of bevorderen","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"bevorderen","lemma":"bevorderen","morphology":"nominalized infinitive, neuter, singular","role":"head of the numbered item","gloss":"promotion"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Oefeningen","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Oefeningen","lemma":"oefening","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"complement of van","gloss":"Exercises"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Harderwyk","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Harderwyk","lemma":"Harderwijk","morphology":"proper noun, neuter, singular","role":"complement of te modifying Oefeningen","gloss":"Harderwijk"},{"surface":"ten","lemma":"te","morphology":"contracted preposition and determiner","role":"part of the fixed phrase ten dienste van","gloss":"for the"},{"surface":"dienste","lemma":"dienst","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"part of the fixed phrase ten dienste van","gloss":"benefit"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the fixed phrase ten dienste van","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of werfdepôt","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"koloniaal","lemma":"koloniaal","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies werfdepôt","gloss":"colonial"},{"surface":"werfdepôt","lemma":"werfdepot","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"complement of van","gloss":"recruiting depot"}]},{"number":102,"label":"102","id":"h9-s102","source":"4° Het schryven van preeken en godsdienstige gezangen, geschikt om door soldaten en matrozen aan de Javanen te worden voorgelezen en voorgezongen.","translation":"4° The writing of sermons and religious hymns, fit to be read out and sung out to the Javanese by soldiers and sailors.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s102.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"geschikt om ... te worden voorgelezen en voorgezongen","title":"om ... te + passive infinitive","body":"'geschikt om ... te worden voorgelezen' = 'fit to be read out': a purpose 'om ... te' clause built on a passive infinitive (te worden + participle). Both verbs are separable (voorlezen, voorzingen)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Het","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of schryven","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"schryven","lemma":"schrijven","morphology":"nominalized infinitive, neuter, singular","role":"head of the numbered item","gloss":"writing"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking preeken","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"preeken","lemma":"preek","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"complement of van","gloss":"sermons"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"godsdienstige","lemma":"godsdienstig","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies gezangen","gloss":"religious"},{"surface":"gezangen","lemma":"gezang","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"coordinated with preeken","gloss":"hymns"},{"surface":"geschikt","lemma":"geschikt","morphology":"adjective","role":"predicative modifier of preeken and gezangen","gloss":"fit"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the infinitive clause of worden","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"door","lemma":"door","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking soldaten","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"soldaten","lemma":"soldaat","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"agent of voorgelezen and voorgezongen","gloss":"soldiers"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"matrozen","lemma":"matroos","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"coordinated with soldaten","gloss":"sailors"},{"surface":"aan","lemma":"aan","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Javanen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of Javanen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Javanen","lemma":"Javaan","morphology":"noun, common gender, plural","role":"complement of aan","gloss":"Javanese"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"infinitive marker","role":"marks the infinitive worden","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"worden","lemma":"worden","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"passive auxiliary of voorgelezen and voorgezongen","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"voorgelezen","lemma":"voorlezen","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"main verb coordinated with voorgezongen","gloss":"read aloud"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"voorgezongen","lemma":"voorzingen","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"coordinated with voorgelezen","gloss":"sung aloud"}]},{"number":103,"label":"103","id":"h9-s103","source":"5° Het oprichten eener vereeniging, van invloedryke mannen, wier taak zoude zyn, onzen geëerbiedigden Koning te smeeken:","translation":"5° The founding of an association, of influential men, whose task would be to beseech our revered King:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s103.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"vereeniging ... wier taak zoude zyn","title":"Relative wier + conditional zoude","body":"'wier' is the possessive relative 'whose' (feminine/plural). 'zoude zyn' is the conditional 'zou(de) + infinitive' ('would be'), the older -de form. The clause is verb-final."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"onzen geëerbiedigden Koning te smeeken","title":"te-infinitive te smeeken; accusative onzen","body":"'te smeeken' (to beseech) is the te-infinitive completing 'taak ... te smeeken'. 'onzen geëerbiedigden Koning' shows the masculine accusative -n on possessive 'onzen' and the participle-adjective 'geëerbiedigden'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Het","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner, neuter singular","role":"determiner of oprichten","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"oprichten","lemma":"oprichten","morphology":"verb, infinitive used as a noun","role":"head of the noun phrase Het oprichten","gloss":"founding"},{"surface":"eener","lemma":"een","morphology":"determiner, genitive feminine singular","role":"determiner of vereeniging","gloss":"of an"},{"surface":"vereeniging","lemma":"vereniging","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"genitive complement of oprichten","gloss":"association"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces mannen","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"invloedryke","lemma":"invloedrijk","morphology":"adjective, inflected","role":"modifies mannen","gloss":"influential"},{"surface":"mannen","lemma":"man","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"complement of van","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"wier","lemma":"wie","morphology":"relative possessive pronoun","role":"possessive determiner of taak","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"taak","lemma":"taak","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of zoude zijn","gloss":"task"},{"surface":"zoude","lemma":"zullen","morphology":"modal auxiliary, conditional, singular","role":"auxiliary of zijn","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"zyn","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"copula with taak","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"onzen","lemma":"ons","morphology":"possessive determiner, inflected","role":"determiner of Koning","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"geëerbiedigden","lemma":"geëerbiedigd","morphology":"adjective, inflected","role":"modifies Koning","gloss":"revered"},{"surface":"Koning","lemma":"koning","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of smeeken","gloss":"King"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"infinitive marker","role":"introduces smeeken","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"smeeken","lemma":"smeken","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"predicative complement of taak zoude zijn","gloss":"beseech"}]},{"number":104,"label":"104","id":"h9-s104","source":"a) Slechts zulke gouverneurs, officieren en beambten te benoemen, die geacht kunnen worden vasttestaan, in het ware geloof. b) Den Javaan te doen vergunnen de kazernes, alsmede de op de reeden liggende oorlogs- en koopvaardyschepen te bezoeken, om door 't verkeer met nederlandsche soldaten en matrozen te worden opgeleid tot het Godsryk.","translation":"a) To appoint only such governors, officers, and officials as can be deemed steadfast in the true faith. b) To allow the Javanese to visit the barracks, as well as the warships and merchant ships lying in the roadstead, so that through contact with Dutch soldiers and sailors they may be raised up toward the Kingdom of God.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s104.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Slechts zulke gouverneurs ... te benoemen, die geacht kunnen worden","title":"te-infinitive + passive modal worden","body":"The bullet opens with 'te benoemen' (to appoint). The relative clause 'die geacht kunnen worden vasttestaan' nests a modal (kunnen) over a worden-passive over a further te-infinitive 'vasttestaan' (vast-te-staan)."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"Den Javaan te doen vergunnen ... te bezoeken","title":"Causative doen + accusative Den","body":"'te doen vergunnen' uses causative 'doen' ('to cause to be allowed'); modern Dutch prefers laten. 'Den Javaan' carries the old masculine accusative 'den'. 'om ... te ... opgeleid te worden' chains another purpose/passive."}],"words":[{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"list label","role":"labels item a","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Slechts","lemma":"slechts","morphology":"adverb","role":"focuses zulke gouverneurs, officieren en beambten","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"zulke","lemma":"zulk","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of gouverneurs, officieren en beambten","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"gouverneurs","lemma":"gouverneur","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"direct object of benoemen","gloss":"governors"},{"surface":"officieren","lemma":"officier","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"coordinated with gouverneurs","gloss":"officers"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links officieren and beambten","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"beambten","lemma":"beambte","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"coordinated with gouverneurs","gloss":"officials"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"infinitive marker","role":"introduces benoemen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"benoemen","lemma":"benoemen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of item a","gloss":"appoint"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"relative pronoun, plural","role":"subject of geacht kunnen worden","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"geacht","lemma":"achten","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"passive lexical verb with worden","gloss":"deemed"},{"surface":"kunnen","lemma":"kunnen","morphology":"modal auxiliary, present, plural","role":"modal auxiliary of geacht worden","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"worden","lemma":"worden","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"passive auxiliary of geacht","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"vasttestaan","lemma":"vaststaan","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of geacht","gloss":"stand firm","note":"Historical fused spelling of vast te staan."},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces geloof","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner, neuter singular","role":"determiner of geloof","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ware","lemma":"waar","morphology":"adjective, inflected","role":"modifies geloof","gloss":"true"},{"surface":"geloof","lemma":"geloof","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"complement of in","gloss":"faith"},{"surface":"b","lemma":"b","morphology":"list label","role":"labels item b","gloss":"b"},{"surface":"Den","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, accusative masculine singular","role":"determiner of Javaan","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Javaan","lemma":"Javaan","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"recipient of vergunnen","gloss":"Javanese"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"infinitive marker","role":"introduces doen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"doen","lemma":"doen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"causative main verb of item b","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"vergunnen","lemma":"vergunnen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"causative complement of doen","gloss":"allow"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of kazernes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"kazernes","lemma":"kazerne","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"direct object of bezoeken","gloss":"barracks"},{"surface":"alsmede","lemma":"alsmede","morphology":"conjunction","role":"adds the ships to kazernes","gloss":"as well as"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of oorlogs- en koopvaardyschepen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"op","lemma":"op","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces reeden","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of reeden","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"reeden","lemma":"rede","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"complement of op","gloss":"roadsteads"},{"surface":"liggende","lemma":"liggen","morphology":"verb, present participle","role":"modifies oorlogs- en koopvaardyschepen","gloss":"lying"},{"surface":"oorlogs","lemma":"oorlogs-","morphology":"compound modifier","role":"first coordinated element of oorlogs- en koopvaardyschepen","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links oorlogs- and koopvaardyschepen","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"koopvaardyschepen","lemma":"koopvaardijschip","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"coordinated direct object with kazernes","gloss":"merchant ships"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"infinitive marker","role":"introduces bezoeken","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"bezoeken","lemma":"bezoeken","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement governed by vergunnen","gloss":"visit"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the purpose clause","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"door","lemma":"door","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces verkeer","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"'t","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner, neuter singular, elided","role":"determiner of verkeer","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"verkeer","lemma":"verkeer","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"instrumental complement of opgeleid","gloss":"contact"},{"surface":"met","lemma":"met","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces soldaten en matrozen","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"nederlandsche","lemma":"Nederlands","morphology":"adjective, inflected","role":"modifies soldaten","gloss":"Dutch"},{"surface":"soldaten","lemma":"soldaat","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"complement of met","gloss":"soldiers"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links soldaten and matrozen","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"matrozen","lemma":"matroos","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"coordinated with soldaten","gloss":"sailors"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"infinitive marker","role":"introduces worden opgeleid","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"worden","lemma":"worden","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"passive auxiliary of opgeleid","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"opgeleid","lemma":"opleiden","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"head of the purpose clause","gloss":"raised up"},{"surface":"tot","lemma":"tot","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces Godsryk","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner, neuter singular","role":"determiner of Godsryk","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Godsryk","lemma":"Godsrijk","morphology":"proper noun, neuter singular","role":"complement of tot","gloss":"Kingdom of God"}]},{"number":105,"label":"105","id":"h9-s105","source":"c) Te verbieden, bybels of godsdienstige traktaatjes in drankhuizen te doen aannemen in betaling.","translation":"c) To forbid the acceptance of Bibles or religious tracts as payment in drinking-houses.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s105.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Te verbieden, bybels ... in betaling te doen aannemen","title":"te-infinitive + causative doen aannemen","body":"Two te-infinitives nest: 'Te verbieden' (to forbid) governs 'te doen aannemen' — causative 'doen' + the separable 'aannemen' (to accept). 'in betaling' = as/in payment."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"traktaatjes / drankhuizen","title":"traktaatjes and drankhuizen","body":"'traktaatje' = a little (religious) tract, diminutive of traktaat; 'drankhuis' = a drinking-house, tavern. The image of Bibles changing hands as tavern currency is part of the satire."}],"words":[{"surface":"c","lemma":"c","morphology":"list label","role":"labels item c","gloss":"c"},{"surface":"Te","lemma":"te","morphology":"infinitive marker","role":"introduces verbieden","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"verbieden","lemma":"verbieden","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of item c","gloss":"forbid"},{"surface":"bybels","lemma":"bijbel","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"direct object of aannemen","gloss":"Bibles"},{"surface":"of","lemma":"of","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links bybels and traktaatjes","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"godsdienstige","lemma":"godsdienstig","morphology":"adjective, inflected","role":"modifies traktaatjes","gloss":"religious"},{"surface":"traktaatjes","lemma":"traktaatje","morphology":"noun, diminutive plural","role":"coordinated with bybels","gloss":"tracts"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces drankhuizen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"drankhuizen","lemma":"drankhuis","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"locative complement of aannemen","gloss":"drinking-houses"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"infinitive marker","role":"introduces doen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"doen","lemma":"doen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"causative complement of verbieden","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"aannemen","lemma":"aannemen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"causative complement of doen","gloss":"accepted"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces betaling","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"betaling","lemma":"betaling","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"complement of in","gloss":"payment"}]},{"number":106,"label":"106","id":"h9-s106","source":"d) Te doen opnemen in de voorwaarden der amfioenpacht op Java, de bepaling: dat er in elke amfioenkit een voorraad bybels moet aanwezig zyn, in verhouding met vermoedelyk getal bezoekers van zoodanig gesticht, en dat de pachter zich verbinde geen opium te verkoopen, zonder dat de kooper een godsdienstig traktaatje daarby neme.","translation":"d) To have it included in the terms of the opium lease on Java, the stipulation: that in every opium den a stock of Bibles must be on hand, in proportion to the probable number of visitors to such an establishment, and that the lessee bind himself to sell no opium without the buyer taking a religious tract along with it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s106.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Te doen opnemen in de voorwaarden der amfioenpacht","title":"Causative doen opnemen + genitive der","body":"'Te doen opnemen' = 'to have included' (causative doen + separable opnemen). 'der amfioenpacht' is the feminine genitive 'der' ('of the opium lease')."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"dat de pachter zich verbinde geen opium te verkoopen","title":"Subjunctive verbinde + reflexive zich","body":"'zich verbinde' is the reflexive 'zich verbinden' (to bind oneself) in the subjunctive ('-e'). 'geen opium te verkoopen' negates the indefinite object with geen. 'zonder dat de kooper ... neme' adds another subjunctive."}],"words":[{"surface":"d","lemma":"d","morphology":"list label","role":"labels item d","gloss":"d"},{"surface":"Te","lemma":"te","morphology":"infinitive marker","role":"introduces doen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"doen","lemma":"doen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"causative main verb of item d","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"opnemen","lemma":"opnemen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"causative complement of doen","gloss":"included"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces voorwaarden","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of voorwaarden","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"voorwaarden","lemma":"voorwaarde","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"complement of in","gloss":"terms"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, genitive singular","role":"determiner of amfioenpacht","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"amfioenpacht","lemma":"amfioenpacht","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"genitive modifier of voorwaarden","gloss":"opium lease","note":"Amfioen is an archaic word for opium."},{"surface":"op","lemma":"op","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces Java","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"Java","lemma":"Java","morphology":"proper noun","role":"complement of op","gloss":"Java"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, common singular","role":"determiner of bepaling","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"bepaling","lemma":"bepaling","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of opnemen","gloss":"stipulation"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the first content clause of bepaling","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"existential adverb","role":"introduces the existential clause","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces amfioenkit","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"elke","lemma":"elk","morphology":"determiner, common singular","role":"determiner of amfioenkit","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"amfioenkit","lemma":"amfioenkit","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"locative complement of aanwezig zijn","gloss":"opium den","note":"Amfioen is an archaic word for opium."},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of voorraad","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"voorraad","lemma":"voorraad","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of aanwezig zyn","gloss":"stock"},{"surface":"bybels","lemma":"bijbel","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"partitive modifier of voorraad","gloss":"of Bibles"},{"surface":"moet","lemma":"moeten","morphology":"modal auxiliary, present, singular","role":"modal auxiliary of aanwezig zyn","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"aanwezig","lemma":"aanwezig","morphology":"adjective","role":"predicative complement of zyn","gloss":"on hand"},{"surface":"zyn","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"copula with aanwezig","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of in verhouding met","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"verhouding","lemma":"verhouding","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"head of in verhouding met","gloss":"proportion"},{"surface":"met","lemma":"met","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces getal","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"vermoedelyk","lemma":"vermoedelijk","morphology":"adjective, uninflected","role":"modifies getal","gloss":"probable"},{"surface":"getal","lemma":"getal","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"complement of met","gloss":"number"},{"surface":"bezoekers","lemma":"bezoeker","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"genitive modifier of getal","gloss":"of visitors"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces gesticht","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"zoodanig","lemma":"zodanig","morphology":"determiner, neuter singular","role":"determiner of gesticht","gloss":"such an"},{"surface":"gesticht","lemma":"gesticht","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"complement of van","gloss":"establishment"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the two content clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the second content clause of bepaling","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, common singular","role":"determiner of pachter","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pachter","lemma":"pachter","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of verbinde","gloss":"lessee"},{"surface":"zich","lemma":"zich","morphology":"reflexive pronoun","role":"reflexive object of verbinde","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"verbinde","lemma":"verbinden","morphology":"verb, present subjunctive, singular","role":"head of the second content clause","gloss":"bind"},{"surface":"geen","lemma":"geen","morphology":"negative determiner","role":"determiner of opium","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"opium","lemma":"opium","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of verkoopen","gloss":"opium"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"infinitive marker","role":"introduces verkoopen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"verkoopen","lemma":"verkopen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of verbinde","gloss":"sell"},{"surface":"zonder","lemma":"zonder","morphology":"subordinating preposition","role":"introduces the condition with dat","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of neme","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, common singular","role":"determiner of kooper","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"kooper","lemma":"koper","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of neme","gloss":"buyer"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"determiner, neuter singular","role":"determiner of traktaatje","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"godsdienstig","lemma":"godsdienstig","morphology":"adjective, uninflected","role":"modifies traktaatje","gloss":"religious"},{"surface":"traktaatje","lemma":"traktaatje","morphology":"noun, diminutive neuter singular","role":"direct object of neme","gloss":"tract"},{"surface":"daarby","lemma":"daarbij","morphology":"pronominal adverb","role":"modifies neme","gloss":"along with it"},{"surface":"neme","lemma":"nemen","morphology":"verb, present subjunctive, singular","role":"head of the clause introduced by dat","gloss":"take"}]},{"number":107,"label":"107","id":"h9-s107","source":"e) Te gelasten dat de Javaan door arbeid tot God worde gebracht. 6° Het geven van ruime bydragen aan de zendelingsgenootschappen.","translation":"e) To order that the Javanese be brought to God through labor. 6° The giving of generous contributions to the missionary societies.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s107.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Te gelasten dat de Javaan door arbeid tot God worde gebracht","title":"Subjunctive worde + worden-passive","body":"'worde gebracht' is a worden-passive in the subjunctive ('-e'): 'be brought'. 'door arbeid' = by/through labour — the agentless means. The whole stands as the object of 'Te gelasten' (to order)."}],"words":[{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"list label","role":"labels item e","gloss":"e"},{"surface":"Te","lemma":"te","morphology":"infinitive marker","role":"introduces gelasten","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"gelasten","lemma":"gelasten","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of item e","gloss":"order"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gebracht worde","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, common singular","role":"determiner of Javaan","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Javaan","lemma":"Javaan","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of passive gebracht","gloss":"Javanese"},{"surface":"door","lemma":"door","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces arbeid","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"arbeid","lemma":"arbeid","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"instrumental complement of gebracht","gloss":"labor"},{"surface":"tot","lemma":"tot","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces God","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"God","lemma":"God","morphology":"proper noun","role":"complement of tot","gloss":"God"},{"surface":"worde","lemma":"worden","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present subjunctive, singular","role":"passive auxiliary of gebracht","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"gebracht","lemma":"brengen","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"head of the content clause","gloss":"brought"},{"surface":"Het","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner, neuter singular","role":"determiner of geven","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"geven","lemma":"geven","morphology":"verb, infinitive used as a noun","role":"head of the noun phrase Het geven","gloss":"giving"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces bydragen","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ruime","lemma":"ruim","morphology":"adjective, inflected","role":"modifies bydragen","gloss":"generous"},{"surface":"bydragen","lemma":"bijdrage","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"complement of van","gloss":"contributions"},{"surface":"aan","lemma":"aan","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces zendelingsgenootschappen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of zendelingsgenootschappen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"zendelingsgenootschappen","lemma":"zendelingsgenootschap","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"recipient complement of geven","gloss":"missionary societies"}]},{"number":108,"label":"108","id":"h9-s108","source":"Ik weet wel dat ik dit laatste punt reeds onder nummer één heb opgegeven, maar hy herhaalde het, en deze overtolligheid komt my, in het vuur der rede, zeer verklaarbaar voor.","translation":"I know quite well that I have already given this last point under number one, but he repeated it, and this redundancy seems to me, in the heat of the discourse, very understandable.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s108.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"dat ik dit laatste punt reeds ... heb opgegeven","title":"Perfect of separable opgeven in a dat-clause","body":"'heb opgegeven' is the perfect of separable 'opgeven' (to state/list); in the subordinate 'dat'-clause the cluster goes to the end. 'reeds' = already (formal for 'al')."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"deze overtolligheid komt my ... zeer verklaarbaar voor","title":"Separable voorkomen (to seem)","body":"'voorkomen' here means 'to seem/appear' and is separable: 'komt my ... verklaarbaar voor'. 'my' is the dative experiencer ('seems to me'). The prefix 'voor' lands at the end."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, first person singular, nominative","role":"subject of weet","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"weet","lemma":"weten","morphology":"verb, present, first person singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"wel","lemma":"wel","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizes weet","gloss":"quite well"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of opgegeven","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, first person singular, nominative","role":"subject of heb opgegeven","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"dit","lemma":"dit","morphology":"determiner, neuter singular","role":"determiner of punt","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"laatste","lemma":"laatst","morphology":"adjective, superlative, inflected","role":"modifies punt","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"punt","lemma":"punt","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of opgegeven","gloss":"point"},{"surface":"reeds","lemma":"reeds","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies opgegeven","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"onder","lemma":"onder","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces nummer","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"nummer","lemma":"nummer","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"complement of onder","gloss":"number"},{"surface":"één","lemma":"één","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies nummer","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"heb","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, first person singular","role":"auxiliary of opgegeven","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"opgegeven","lemma":"opgeven","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"head of the clause introduced by dat","gloss":"given"},{"surface":"maar","lemma":"maar","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the first and second main clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"hy","lemma":"hij","morphology":"pronoun, third person singular, nominative","role":"subject of herhaalde","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"herhaalde","lemma":"herhalen","morphology":"verb, past, singular","role":"head of the second main clause","gloss":"repeated"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"pronoun, neuter singular, accusative","role":"direct object of herhaalde","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the second and third main clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"deze","lemma":"deze","morphology":"determiner, common singular","role":"determiner of overtolligheid","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"overtolligheid","lemma":"overtolligheid","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of komt voor","gloss":"redundancy"},{"surface":"komt","lemma":"komen","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"finite base of komt ... voor","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"my","lemma":"mij","morphology":"pronoun, first person singular, dative","role":"experiencer of komt voor","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces vuur","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner, neuter singular","role":"determiner of vuur","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vuur","lemma":"vuur","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"complement of in","gloss":"heat"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, genitive singular","role":"determiner of rede","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"rede","lemma":"rede","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"genitive modifier of vuur","gloss":"discourse"},{"surface":"zeer","lemma":"zeer","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies verklaarbaar","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"verklaarbaar","lemma":"verklaarbaar","morphology":"adjective","role":"predicative complement of komt voor","gloss":"understandable"},{"surface":"voor","lemma":"voor","morphology":"separable verb particle","role":"particle of komt ... voor","gloss":"seems"}]},{"number":109,"label":"109","id":"h9-s109","source":"Doch, lezer, hebt gy op nummer 5, e gelet?","translation":"But, reader, did you take note of number 5, e?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s109.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"hebt gy op nummer 5, e gelet?","title":"Perfect question with archaic gy + separable opletten","body":"A yes/no question in the perfect: 'hebt gy ... gelet?'. 'letten op' (to take note of) is separable; here the participle is 'gelet' and 'op' has fronted with its object. 'Doch' = but (literary)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Doch","lemma":"doch","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the question contrastively to the preceding text","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"lezer","lemma":"lezer","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"vocative","gloss":"reader"},{"surface":"hebt","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, second person singular","role":"auxiliary of gelet","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"gy","lemma":"gij","morphology":"pronoun, second person singular, nominative","role":"subject of hebt gelet","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"op","lemma":"op","morphology":"preposition","role":"selected complement marker of letten","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"nummer","lemma":"nummer","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"complement of op","gloss":"number"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"list label","role":"in apposition to nummer 5","gloss":"e"},{"surface":"gelet","lemma":"letten","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"main verb of the question","gloss":"taken note"}]},{"number":110,"label":"110","id":"h9-s110","source":"Welnu, juist die voorslag herinnerde my zoo aan de koffiveilingen, en aan de voorgewende onvruchtbaarheid van den grond te Lebak, dat het u nu niet meer zoo vreemd zal voorkomen, als ik verzeker dat dit punt sedert woensdag avend geen oogenblik uit myn gedachten geweest is.","translation":"Well, it was precisely that proposal that reminded me so of the coffee auctions, and of the alleged barrenness of the soil at Lebak, that it will no longer seem so strange to you when I assure you that this point has not been out of my thoughts for a single moment since Wednesday evening.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s110.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Welnu, juist die voorslag herinnerde my zoo aan de koffiveilingen","title":"Imperfect herinneren aan; demonstrative die","body":"'herinnerde' is the weak past of 'herinneren'; 'herinneren aan' = to remind of. 'die voorslag' uses demonstrative 'die' for the de-word 'voorslag' (proposal)."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"dat dit punt ... geen oogenblik uit myn gedachten geweest is","title":"Perfect with zijn in a dat-clause","body":"'geweest is' is the perfect of 'zijn' ('has been'), at the end of the 'dat'-clause. 'geen oogenblik' = 'not a moment' (geen negating the indefinite noun, as a single negation)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Welnu","lemma":"welnu","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker introducing the sentence","gloss":"well then"},{"surface":"juist","lemma":"juist","morphology":"adverb","role":"focus modifier of voorslag","gloss":"precisely"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"demonstrative determiner","role":"determiner of voorslag","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"voorslag","lemma":"voorslag","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of herinnerde","gloss":"proposal"},{"surface":"herinnerde","lemma":"herinneren","morphology":"verb, past, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"reminded"},{"surface":"my","lemma":"mij","morphology":"pronoun, first person singular, object form","role":"direct object of herinnerde","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"zoo","lemma":"zo","morphology":"adverb","role":"degree modifier of herinnerde","gloss":"so much"},{"surface":"aan","lemma":"aan","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the complement koffiveilingen of herinnerde","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of koffiveilingen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"koffiveilingen","lemma":"koffieveiling","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"object of aan","gloss":"coffee auctions"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"coordinates the two aan-phrases","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"aan","lemma":"aan","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the coordinated complement onvruchtbaarheid","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of onvruchtbaarheid","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"voorgewende","lemma":"voorwenden","morphology":"past participle used as adjective, inflected","role":"modifies onvruchtbaarheid","gloss":"alleged"},{"surface":"onvruchtbaarheid","lemma":"onvruchtbaarheid","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of aan","gloss":"barrenness"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the modifier den grond","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, archaic masculine oblique singular","role":"determiner of grond","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"grond","lemma":"grond","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of van","gloss":"soil"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the location Lebak","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Lebak","lemma":"Lebak","morphology":"proper noun","role":"object of te","gloss":"Lebak"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the result clause of voorkomen","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"pronoun, neuter singular","role":"subject of voorkomen","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"u","lemma":"u","morphology":"pronoun, second person, object form","role":"indirect object of voorkomen","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies voorkomen","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"forms niet meer with meer","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"meer","lemma":"meer","morphology":"adverb","role":"forms niet meer with niet","gloss":"any longer"},{"surface":"zoo","lemma":"zo","morphology":"adverb","role":"degree modifier of vreemd","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"vreemd","lemma":"vreemd","morphology":"adjective","role":"predicative complement of voorkomen","gloss":"strange"},{"surface":"zal","lemma":"zullen","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, third person singular","role":"future auxiliary of voorkomen","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"voorkomen","lemma":"voorkomen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the result clause","gloss":"seem"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of verzeker","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, first person singular, nominative","role":"subject of verzeker","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"verzeker","lemma":"verzekeren","morphology":"verb, present, first person singular","role":"verb of the als-clause","gloss":"assure"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the complement clause of verzeker","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"dit","lemma":"dit","morphology":"demonstrative determiner","role":"determiner of punt","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"punt","lemma":"punt","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of geweest is","gloss":"point"},{"surface":"sedert","lemma":"sedert","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the time phrase woensdag avend","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"woensdag","lemma":"woensdag","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"modifies avend in the time phrase","gloss":"Wednesday"},{"surface":"avend","lemma":"avond","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of sedert","gloss":"evening"},{"surface":"geen","lemma":"geen","morphology":"negative determiner","role":"determiner of oogenblik","gloss":"not a"},{"surface":"oogenblik","lemma":"ogenblik","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"adverbial of duration modifying geweest is","gloss":"single moment"},{"surface":"uit","lemma":"uit","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the predicative phrase uit myn gedachten","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"myn","lemma":"mijn","morphology":"possessive determiner, first person singular","role":"determiner of gedachten","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"gedachten","lemma":"gedachte","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"object of uit","gloss":"thoughts"},{"surface":"geweest","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"main verb of the perfect predicate","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"is","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, third person singular","role":"perfect auxiliary of geweest","gloss":"has"}]},{"number":111,"label":"111","id":"h9-s111","source":"Dominee Wawelaar heeft de berichten der zendelingen voorgelezen, niemand kan hem dus een grondige kennis der zaken betwisten.","translation":"The Reverend Wawelaar has read out the reports of the missionaries; no one, then, can dispute his thorough knowledge of the matter.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s111.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"niemand kan hem dus een grondige kennis ... betwisten","title":"Negative word niemand + modal kan","body":"'niemand' (no one) is the clause's single negation. The modal 'kan' takes the bare infinitive 'betwisten' (to dispute), which closes the clause. 'der zaken' is again a genitive 'der'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dominee","lemma":"dominee","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, title","role":"title accompanying Wawelaar","gloss":"Reverend"},{"surface":"Wawelaar","lemma":"Wawelaar","morphology":"proper noun","role":"head of the subject Dominee Wawelaar","gloss":"Wawelaar"},{"surface":"heeft","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, third person singular","role":"perfect auxiliary of voorgelezen","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of berichten","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"berichten","lemma":"bericht","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"direct object of voorgelezen","gloss":"reports"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, genitive plural","role":"determiner of zendelingen","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"zendelingen","lemma":"zendeling","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"genitive modifier of berichten","gloss":"missionaries"},{"surface":"voorgelezen","lemma":"voorlezen","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"main verb of the first clause","gloss":"read out"},{"surface":"niemand","lemma":"niemand","morphology":"indefinite pronoun","role":"subject of betwisten","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunnen","morphology":"modal verb, present, third person singular","role":"modal auxiliary of betwisten","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"hem","lemma":"hij","morphology":"pronoun, third person singular, object form","role":"indirect object of betwisten","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"dus","lemma":"dus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies betwisten","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"indefinite determiner","role":"determiner of kennis","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"grondige","lemma":"grondig","morphology":"adjective, inflected","role":"modifies kennis","gloss":"thorough"},{"surface":"kennis","lemma":"kennis","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of betwisten","gloss":"knowledge"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, genitive plural","role":"determiner of zaken","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"zaken","lemma":"zaak","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"genitive modifier of kennis","gloss":"matters"},{"surface":"betwisten","lemma":"betwisten","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb governed by kan","gloss":"dispute"}]},{"number":112,"label":"112","id":"h9-s112","source":"Welnu, als hy, met die rapporten voor zich, en met het oog op God, beweert dat veel arbeids gunstig werken zal op de verovering der javaansche zielen voor het Godsryk, dan mag ik toch wel vaststellen niet zoo geheel bezyden alle waarheid te spreken, als ik zeg dat er te Lebak zeer goed koffi kan geplant worden. En, sterker nog, dat misschien het Opperwezen juist hierom alleen dien grond voor koffikultuur ongeschikt heeft gemaakt, om door den arbeid die er noodig wezen zal om een anderen grond daarheen te verleggen, de bevolking van die streek vatbaar te maken voor de zaligheid.","translation":"Well then, if he, with those reports before him, and with his eye on God, asserts that much labor will work favorably upon the conquest of Javanese souls for the Kingdom of God, then surely I too may state that I speak not so wholly beside all truth when I say that coffee can be grown very well at Lebak. And, stronger still, that perhaps the Supreme Being made that soil unsuited to coffee cultivation precisely for this reason alone, so that, through the labor that will be needed to bring another soil there, the population of that district might be made receptive to salvation.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s112.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"als hy ... beweert dat ..., dan mag ik toch wel vaststellen","title":"als ... dan with modal mag","body":"A conditional 'als'-clause (verb-final 'beweert') is resumed by 'dan' in the main clause, which inverts: 'dan mag ik'. The modal 'mag' (may) governs the bare infinitive 'vaststellen'."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"om ... een anderen grond daarheen te verleggen","title":"om ... te + pronominal adverb daarheen","body":"'om ... te verleggen' frames purpose ('in order to shift'). 'daarheen' (thither) is a pronominal adverb (daar + heen). 'anderen grond' keeps the old accusative -n."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"dien grond ... heeft gemaakt ... om ... vatbaar te maken","title":"Causal reasoning: perfect + purpose","body":"Droogstoppel's grotesque syllogism: the perfect 'heeft ... ongeschikt gemaakt' (made unsuited) plus the purpose clause 'om ... vatbaar te maken voor de zaligheid' (to make receptive to salvation). 'vatbaar voor' = susceptible/receptive to."}],"words":[{"surface":"Welnu","lemma":"welnu","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker introducing the sentence","gloss":"well then"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the conditional clause of beweert","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"hy","lemma":"hij","morphology":"pronoun, third person singular, nominative","role":"subject of beweert","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"met","lemma":"met","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the adjunct die rapporten voor zich","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"demonstrative determiner","role":"determiner of rapporten","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"rapporten","lemma":"rapport","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"object of met","gloss":"reports"},{"surface":"voor","lemma":"voor","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces zich in the phrase voor zich","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"zich","lemma":"zich","morphology":"reflexive pronoun, third person singular","role":"object of voor","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"coordinates the two met-phrases","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"met","lemma":"met","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the adjunct het oog op God","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"definite determiner","role":"determiner of oog","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"oog","lemma":"oog","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of met","gloss":"eye"},{"surface":"op","lemma":"op","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces God as modifier of oog","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"God","lemma":"God","morphology":"proper noun","role":"object of op","gloss":"God"},{"surface":"beweert","lemma":"beweren","morphology":"verb, present, third person singular","role":"verb of the conditional clause","gloss":"asserts"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the complement clause of beweert","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"veel","lemma":"veel","morphology":"quantifying determiner","role":"determiner of arbeids","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"arbeids","lemma":"arbeid","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular, archaic partitive genitive","role":"head of the subject veel arbeids","gloss":"labor","note":"Arbeids is an archaic genitive form used after veel."},{"surface":"gunstig","lemma":"gunstig","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies werken","gloss":"favorably"},{"surface":"werken","lemma":"werken","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb governed by zal","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"zal","lemma":"zullen","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, third person singular","role":"future auxiliary of werken","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"op","lemma":"op","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the complement verovering of werken","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of verovering","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"verovering","lemma":"verovering","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of op","gloss":"conquest"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, genitive plural","role":"determiner of zielen","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"javaansche","lemma":"Javaans","morphology":"adjective, inflected","role":"modifies zielen","gloss":"Javanese"},{"surface":"zielen","lemma":"ziel","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"genitive modifier of verovering","gloss":"souls"},{"surface":"voor","lemma":"voor","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the beneficiary het Godsryk","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"definite determiner","role":"determiner of Godsryk","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Godsryk","lemma":"Godsrijk","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of voor","gloss":"Kingdom of God"},{"surface":"dan","lemma":"dan","morphology":"adverb","role":"correlative to als and modifies vaststellen","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"mag","lemma":"mogen","morphology":"modal verb, present, first person singular","role":"modal auxiliary of vaststellen","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, first person singular, nominative","role":"subject of vaststellen","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"toch","lemma":"toch","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizes mag vaststellen","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"wel","lemma":"wel","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizes mag vaststellen","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"vaststellen","lemma":"vaststellen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb governed by mag","gloss":"state"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates the infinitival predicate spreken","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"zoo","lemma":"zo","morphology":"adverb","role":"degree modifier of geheel","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"geheel","lemma":"geheel","morphology":"adverb","role":"degree modifier of bezyden","gloss":"wholly"},{"surface":"bezyden","lemma":"bezijden","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces alle waarheid","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"alle","lemma":"al","morphology":"quantifying determiner, inflected","role":"determiner of waarheid","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"waarheid","lemma":"waarheid","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of bezyden","gloss":"truth"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"infinitive marker","role":"marks spreken as infinitive","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"spreken","lemma":"spreken","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitival complement of vaststellen","gloss":"speak"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of zeg","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, first person singular, nominative","role":"subject of zeg","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"zeg","lemma":"zeggen","morphology":"verb, present, first person singular","role":"verb of the als-clause","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the complement clause of zeg","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"expletive adverb","role":"presentative element in the passive clause","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the location Lebak","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Lebak","lemma":"Lebak","morphology":"proper noun","role":"object of te","gloss":"Lebak"},{"surface":"zeer","lemma":"zeer","morphology":"adverb","role":"degree modifier of goed","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"goed","lemma":"goed","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies geplant worden","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"koffi","lemma":"koffie","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of geplant worden","gloss":"coffee"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunnen","morphology":"modal verb, present, third person singular","role":"modal auxiliary of geplant worden","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"geplant","lemma":"planten","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"main verb of the passive construction","gloss":"grown"},{"surface":"worden","lemma":"worden","morphology":"passive auxiliary, infinitive","role":"passive auxiliary of geplant","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"introduces a stronger coordinated assertion","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sterker","lemma":"sterk","morphology":"adjective, comparative","role":"head of the elliptical phrase sterker nog","gloss":"stronger"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sterker","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the stronger assertion dependent on vaststellen","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"misschien","lemma":"misschien","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gemaakt","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"definite determiner","role":"determiner of Opperwezen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Opperwezen","lemma":"opperwezen","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of gemaakt","gloss":"Supreme Being"},{"surface":"juist","lemma":"juist","morphology":"adverb","role":"focus modifier of hierom","gloss":"precisely"},{"surface":"hierom","lemma":"hierom","morphology":"pronominal adverb","role":"causal adjunct of gemaakt","gloss":"for this reason"},{"surface":"alleen","lemma":"alleen","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizes hierom","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"dien","lemma":"die","morphology":"demonstrative determiner, archaic masculine accusative singular","role":"determiner of grond","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"grond","lemma":"grond","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of gemaakt","gloss":"soil"},{"surface":"voor","lemma":"voor","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the complement koffikultuur of ongeschikt","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"koffikultuur","lemma":"koffiecultuur","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of voor","gloss":"coffee cultivation"},{"surface":"ongeschikt","lemma":"ongeschikt","morphology":"adjective","role":"object complement of grond with gemaakt","gloss":"unsuited"},{"surface":"heeft","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, third person singular","role":"perfect auxiliary of gemaakt","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"gemaakt","lemma":"maken","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"main verb of the stronger assertion","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the purpose clause ending in maken","gloss":"so as to"},{"surface":"door","lemma":"door","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the means den arbeid","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, archaic masculine oblique singular","role":"determiner of arbeid","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"arbeid","lemma":"arbeid","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of door","gloss":"labor"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"relative pronoun, common gender singular","role":"subject of wezen","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"locative adverb","role":"locative adjunct of wezen referring to Lebak","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"noodig","lemma":"nodig","morphology":"adjective","role":"predicative complement of wezen","gloss":"necessary"},{"surface":"wezen","lemma":"wezen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the relative clause","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"zal","lemma":"zullen","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, third person singular","role":"future auxiliary of wezen","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the infinitival purpose complement of noodig","gloss":"in order to"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"indefinite determiner","role":"determiner of grond","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"anderen","lemma":"ander","morphology":"adjective, inflected","role":"modifies grond","gloss":"different"},{"surface":"grond","lemma":"grond","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of verleggen","gloss":"soil"},{"surface":"daarheen","lemma":"daarheen","morphology":"directional adverb","role":"modifies verleggen","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"infinitive marker","role":"marks verleggen as infinitive","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"verleggen","lemma":"verleggen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"purpose complement of noodig wezen","gloss":"bring"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"definite determiner","role":"determiner of bevolking","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"bevolking","lemma":"bevolking","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of maken","gloss":"population"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the modifier die streek","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"demonstrative determiner","role":"determiner of streek","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"streek","lemma":"streek","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of van","gloss":"district"},{"surface":"vatbaar","lemma":"vatbaar","morphology":"adjective","role":"object complement of bevolking with maken","gloss":"receptive"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"infinitive marker","role":"marks maken as infinitive","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"maken","lemma":"maken","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the purpose clause introduced by om","gloss":"make"},{"surface":"voor","lemma":"voor","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the complement zaligheid of vatbaar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"definite determiner","role":"determiner of zaligheid","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"zaligheid","lemma":"zaligheid","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of voor","gloss":"salvation"}]},{"number":113,"label":"113","id":"h9-s113","source":"Ik hoop toch dat myn boek onder de oogen van den Koning komt, en dat er weldra door grootere veilingen blyken moge hoe nauw de kennisse Gods in-verband staat met het welbegrepen belang van de geheele burgery!","translation":"I do hope, after all, that my book comes before the eyes of the King, and that before long, through larger auctions, it may appear how closely the knowledge of God stands connected with the well-understood interest of the whole citizenry!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s113.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"dat er weldra ... blyken moge hoe nauw de kennisse Gods ... staat","title":"Subjunctive moge + existential er","body":"'blyken moge' is the modal 'mogen' in the optative subjunctive ('may it appear'), with existential 'er'. The embedded 'hoe ... staat' clause is verb-final."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"hoe nauw de kennisse Gods in-verband staat met het ... belang","title":"in verband staan met; genitive Gods","body":"'in verband staan met' = to be connected with. 'de kennisse Gods' uses the bare genitive 'Gods' ('the knowledge of God') and the archaic noun-final -e ('kennisse')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, first person singular, nominative","role":"subject of hoop","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"hoop","lemma":"hopen","morphology":"verb, present, first person singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"hope"},{"surface":"toch","lemma":"toch","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizes hoop","gloss":"after all"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the first complement clause of hoop","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"myn","lemma":"mijn","morphology":"possessive determiner, first person singular","role":"determiner of boek","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"boek","lemma":"boek","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of komt","gloss":"book"},{"surface":"onder","lemma":"onder","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the idiom onder de oogen komen","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"definite determiner","role":"determiner of oogen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"oogen","lemma":"oog","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"object of onder","gloss":"eyes","note":"Oogen is an old spelling of ogen; onder de ogen komen means “come to someone’s notice.”"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the possessor den Koning","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, archaic masculine oblique singular","role":"determiner of Koning","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Koning","lemma":"koning","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of van","gloss":"King"},{"surface":"komt","lemma":"komen","morphology":"verb, present, third person singular","role":"verb of the first complement clause","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"coordinates the two complement clauses of hoop","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the second complement clause of hoop","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"expletive adverb","role":"expletive element with blyken","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"weldra","lemma":"weldra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies blyken","gloss":"before long"},{"surface":"door","lemma":"door","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the means grootere veilingen","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"grootere","lemma":"groot","morphology":"adjective, comparative, inflected","role":"modifies veilingen","gloss":"larger"},{"surface":"veilingen","lemma":"veiling","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"object of door","gloss":"auctions"},{"surface":"blyken","lemma":"blijken","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb governed by moge","gloss":"appear"},{"surface":"moge","lemma":"mogen","morphology":"modal verb, present subjunctive, third person singular","role":"modal auxiliary of blyken","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"hoe","lemma":"hoe","morphology":"interrogative adverb","role":"degree modifier of nauw","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"nauw","lemma":"nauw","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies in-verband staat","gloss":"closely"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"definite determiner","role":"determiner of kennisse","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"kennisse","lemma":"kennis","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of staat","gloss":"knowledge"},{"surface":"Gods","lemma":"God","morphology":"proper noun, singular, genitive","role":"genitive modifier of kennisse","gloss":"of God"},{"surface":"in-verband","lemma":"in verband","morphology":"fixed prepositional phrase","role":"predicative complement of staat","gloss":"connected","note":"In-verband is an older hyphenated spelling of in verband."},{"surface":"staat","lemma":"staan","morphology":"verb, present, third person singular","role":"verb of the embedded hoe-clause","gloss":"stands"},{"surface":"met","lemma":"met","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the complement belang","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"definite determiner","role":"determiner of belang","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"welbegrepen","lemma":"welbegrepen","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies belang","gloss":"well-understood"},{"surface":"belang","lemma":"belang","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of met","gloss":"interest"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the modifier de geheele burgery","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"definite determiner","role":"determiner of burgery","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"geheele","lemma":"geheel","morphology":"adjective, inflected","role":"modifies burgery","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"burgery","lemma":"burgerij","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of van","gloss":"citizenry"}]},{"number":114,"label":"114","id":"h9-s114","source":"Zie eens hoe de eenvoudige en nederige Wawelaar, zonder wysheid naar den mensch--de man heeft nooit een voet op de beurs gezet--maar voorgelicht door het Evangelie dat een lamp op zyn pad is, my, makelaar in koffi, daar op-eenmaal een wenk geeft, die voor heel Nederland belangryk is niet alleen, maar die my in-staat zal stellen, als Frits goed oppast--hy heeft redelyk stil gezeten in de kerk--wellicht vyf jaren vroeger naar Driebergen te gaan.","translation":"See how the simple and humble Wawelaar, without wisdom after the manner of men—the man has never set foot on the Exchange—but enlightened by the Gospel that is a lamp unto his path, all at once gives me, a broker in coffee, a hint that is important not only for the whole of the Netherlands, but that will enable me, if Frits behaves himself—he sat reasonably still in church—to go off to Driebergen perhaps five years sooner.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s114.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"het Evangelie dat een lamp op zyn pad is","title":"Relative dat for a het-word","body":"'het Evangelie' is a het-word, so its relative pronoun is 'dat', not 'die'. The clause 'dat ... is' is verb-final. The image is Psalm 119:105, 'a lamp unto my path'."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"die my ... in-staat zal stellen ... naar Driebergen te gaan","title":"Future zullen + te-infinitive","body":"'zal ... in-staat stellen' is the future of separable 'in staat stellen' (to enable), here governing the te-infinitive 'te gaan'. 'in staat stellen om/te' = to enable to."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"zonder wysheid naar den mensch","title":"Idiom: naar den mensch","body":"'wysheid naar den mensch' = wisdom 'after the manner of men', i.e. worldly wisdom (a biblical turn of phrase). 'den mensch' keeps the old accusative -n. Droogstoppel ironically prizes Wawelaar's lack of it."}],"words":[{"surface":"Zie","lemma":"zien","morphology":"verb, imperative, singular","role":"main imperative introducing the hoe-clause","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"eens","lemma":"eens","morphology":"adverb","role":"discourse adverb softening Zie","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"hoe","lemma":"hoe","morphology":"subordinating adverb","role":"introduces the subordinate clause of geeft","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of Wawelaar","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"eenvoudige","lemma":"eenvoudig","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies Wawelaar","gloss":"simple"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinates eenvoudige and nederige","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nederige","lemma":"nederig","morphology":"adjective","role":"coordinated modifier of Wawelaar","gloss":"humble"},{"surface":"Wawelaar","lemma":"Wawelaar","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of geeft","gloss":"Wawelaar"},{"surface":"zonder","lemma":"zonder","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces zonder wysheid","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"wysheid","lemma":"wijsheid","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of zonder","gloss":"wisdom"},{"surface":"naar","lemma":"naar","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces naar den mensch","gloss":"after the manner of"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, masculine singular, archaic oblique form","role":"determiner of mensch","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mensch","lemma":"mens","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of naar","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of man","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of heeft gezet","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"heeft","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"auxiliary of gezet","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"nooit","lemma":"nooit","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gezet","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of voet","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"voet","lemma":"voet","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of gezet","gloss":"foot"},{"surface":"op","lemma":"op","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces op de beurs","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of beurs","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"beurs","lemma":"beurs","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of op","gloss":"Exchange"},{"surface":"gezet","lemma":"zetten","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"past participle governed by heeft","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"maar","lemma":"maar","morphology":"conjunction","role":"contrasts voorgelicht with zonder wysheid","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"voorgelicht","lemma":"voorlichten","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"participial modifier of Wawelaar","gloss":"enlightened"},{"surface":"door","lemma":"door","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the agent Evangelie","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of Evangelie","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Evangelie","lemma":"evangelie","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of door","gloss":"Gospel"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"relative pronoun, neuter singular","role":"subject of is and refers to Evangelie","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of lamp","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"lamp","lemma":"lamp","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"predicate noun with is","gloss":"lamp"},{"surface":"op","lemma":"op","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces op zyn pad","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"zyn","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"possessive determiner","role":"determiner of pad","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"pad","lemma":"pad","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of op","gloss":"path"},{"surface":"is","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"copula linking dat to lamp","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"my","lemma":"mij","morphology":"pronoun, first person singular, dative","role":"indirect object of geeft","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"makelaar","lemma":"makelaar","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"apposition to my","gloss":"broker"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces in koffi","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"koffi","lemma":"koffie","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of in","gloss":"coffee"},{"surface":"daar","lemma":"daar","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverb modifying geeft","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"op-eenmaal","lemma":"opeenmaal","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial phrase modifying geeft","gloss":"all at once"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of wenk","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"wenk","lemma":"wenk","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of geeft","gloss":"hint"},{"surface":"geeft","lemma":"geven","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"finite verb of the hoe-clause","gloss":"gives"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"relative pronoun, common gender singular","role":"subject of is; refers to wenk","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"voor","lemma":"voor","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces voor heel Nederland","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"heel","lemma":"heel","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies Nederland","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"Nederland","lemma":"Nederland","morphology":"proper noun","role":"object of voor","gloss":"Netherlands"},{"surface":"belangryk","lemma":"belangrijk","morphology":"adjective","role":"predicate adjective with is","gloss":"important"},{"surface":"is","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"copula linking die to belangryk","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"first part of niet alleen","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"alleen","lemma":"alleen","morphology":"adverb","role":"second part of niet alleen","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"maar","lemma":"maar","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordinated relative clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"relative pronoun, common gender singular","role":"subject of zal stellen; refers to wenk","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"my","lemma":"mij","morphology":"pronoun, first person singular, accusative","role":"direct object of stellen","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"in-staat","lemma":"in staat","morphology":"adjectival phrase","role":"predicate complement in in-staat stellen","gloss":"able","note":"In-staat stellen is the fixed expression 'to enable.'"},{"surface":"zal","lemma":"zullen","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"auxiliary of stellen","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"stellen","lemma":"stellen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive governed by zal","gloss":"make"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the condition","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"Frits","lemma":"Frits","morphology":"proper noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of oppast","gloss":"Frits"},{"surface":"goed","lemma":"goed","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverb modifying oppast","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"oppast","lemma":"oppassen","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"finite verb of the conditional clause","gloss":"behaves"},{"surface":"hy","lemma":"hij","morphology":"pronoun, third person singular, nominative","role":"subject of heeft gezeten","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"heeft","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"auxiliary of gezeten","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"redelyk","lemma":"redelijk","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverb modifying stil","gloss":"reasonably"},{"surface":"stil","lemma":"stil","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverb modifying gezeten","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"gezeten","lemma":"zitten","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"past participle governed by heeft","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces in de kerk","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of kerk","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"kerk","lemma":"kerk","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of in","gloss":"church"},{"surface":"wellicht","lemma":"wellicht","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vroeger","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"vyf","lemma":"vijf","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies jaren","gloss":"five"},{"surface":"jaren","lemma":"jaar","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"measure phrase modifying vroeger","gloss":"years"},{"surface":"vroeger","lemma":"vroeg","morphology":"adverb, comparative","role":"comparative adverb modifying gaan","gloss":"earlier"},{"surface":"naar","lemma":"naar","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces naar Driebergen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Driebergen","lemma":"Driebergen","morphology":"proper noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of naar","gloss":"Driebergen"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"infinitive marker","role":"infinitive marker for gaan","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"gaan","lemma":"gaan","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of in-staat stellen","gloss":"go"}]},{"number":115,"label":"115","id":"h9-s115","source":"Ja, arbeid, arbeid, dat is myn wachtwoord! Arbeid voor den Javaan, dat is myn principe!","translation":"Yes, labor, labor, that is my watchword! Labor for the Javanese, that is my principle!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s115.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"wachtwoord / principe","title":"wachtwoord and principe","body":"'wachtwoord' = watchword, slogan (literally 'wait-word', a sentry's password); 'principe' = principle. The drumbeat 'Arbeid, arbeid' (Labour, labour) is Droogstoppel's grotesque gospel of forced toil 'for the Javanese'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ja","lemma":"ja","morphology":"interjection","role":"affirmative interjection","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"arbeid","lemma":"arbeid","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"first emphatic predicate noun","gloss":"labor"},{"surface":"arbeid","lemma":"arbeid","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"repetition of arbeid for emphasis","gloss":"labor"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"demonstrative pronoun, neuter singular","role":"subject of is","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"is","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"copula linking dat to wachtwoord","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"myn","lemma":"mijn","morphology":"possessive determiner","role":"determiner of wachtwoord","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"wachtwoord","lemma":"wachtwoord","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"predicate noun with is","gloss":"watchword"},{"surface":"Arbeid","lemma":"arbeid","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"fronted predicate phrase","gloss":"labor"},{"surface":"voor","lemma":"voor","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces voor den Javaan","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, masculine singular, archaic oblique form","role":"determiner of Javaan","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Javaan","lemma":"Javaan","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of voor","gloss":"Javanese"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"demonstrative pronoun, neuter singular","role":"subject of is","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"is","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"copula linking dat to principe","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"myn","lemma":"mijn","morphology":"possessive determiner","role":"determiner of principe","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"principe","lemma":"principe","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"predicate noun with is","gloss":"principle"}]},{"number":116,"label":"116","id":"h9-s116","source":"En myn principes zyn me heilig.","translation":"And my principles are sacred to me.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s116.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"myn principes zyn me heilig","title":"Dative me + predicate adjective","body":"'iets is me heilig' = something is sacred to me; 'me' is a dative of the person concerned. 'zyn' is the plural present of 'zijn' (subject 'principes')."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the sentence to the preceding statement","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"myn","lemma":"mijn","morphology":"possessive determiner","role":"determiner of principes","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"principes","lemma":"principe","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"subject of zyn","gloss":"principles"},{"surface":"zyn","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, present, plural","role":"copula linking principes to heilig","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, first person singular, dative","role":"experiencer complement of heilig","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"heilig","lemma":"heilig","morphology":"adjective","role":"predicate adjective with zyn","gloss":"sacred"}]},{"number":117,"label":"117","id":"h9-s117","source":"Is niet het Evangelie 't hoogste goed?","translation":"Is not the Gospel the highest good?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s117.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Is","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"copula linking Evangelie to goed","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates is","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of Evangelie","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Evangelie","lemma":"evangelie","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of Is","gloss":"Gospel"},{"surface":"'t","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of goed","gloss":"the","note":"'t is an elided form of het."},{"surface":"hoogste","lemma":"hoog","morphology":"adjective, superlative","role":"superlative modifier of goed","gloss":"highest"},{"surface":"goed","lemma":"goed","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"predicate noun with Is","gloss":"good"}]},{"number":118,"label":"118","id":"h9-s118","source":"Gaat er iets boven de zaligheid? Is het dus niet onze plicht, die menschen zalig te maken?","translation":"Is there anything above salvation? Is it not then our duty to make those people blessed?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s118.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Is het dus niet onze plicht, die menschen zalig te maken?","title":"te-infinitive completing a predicate","body":"'onze plicht ... te maken' = 'our duty to make': the te-infinitive 'te maken' completes the noun 'plicht'. Rhetorical question with verb-first order. 'zalig maken' = to save/make blessed."}],"words":[{"surface":"Gaat","lemma":"gaan","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"finite verb of the first question","gloss":"goes"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"expletive adverb","role":"expletive element with Gaat","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"iets","lemma":"iets","morphology":"indefinite pronoun","role":"subject of Gaat","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"boven","lemma":"boven","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces boven de zaligheid","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of zaligheid","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"zaligheid","lemma":"zaligheid","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of boven","gloss":"salvation"},{"surface":"Is","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"copula linking het to plicht","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"pronoun, neuter singular","role":"subject of Is","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"dus","lemma":"dus","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence adverb modifying Is","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates Is","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"onze","lemma":"ons","morphology":"possessive determiner","role":"determiner of plicht","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"plicht","lemma":"plicht","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"predicate noun with Is","gloss":"duty"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"demonstrative determiner","role":"determiner of menschen","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"menschen","lemma":"mens","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"direct object of maken","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"zalig","lemma":"zalig","morphology":"adjective","role":"object complement of menschen","gloss":"blessed"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"infinitive marker","role":"infinitive marker for maken","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"maken","lemma":"maken","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement explaining plicht","gloss":"make"}]},{"number":119,"label":"119","id":"h9-s119","source":"En wanneer, als hulpmiddel hiertoe, arbeid noodig is--ikzelf heb twintig jaar de beurs bezocht--mogen we dan den Javaan arbeid weigeren, waar zyn ziel daaraan zoo dringend behoefte heeft om later niet te branden?","translation":"And when, as a means to this end, labor is needed—I myself frequented the Exchange for twenty years—may we then refuse the Javanese labor, when his soul has such pressing need of it so as not to burn hereafter?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s119.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"mogen we dan den Javaan arbeid weigeren, waar zyn ziel daaraan ... behoefte heeft","title":"Modal mogen + relative waar; pronominal adverb daaraan","body":"'mogen we ... weigeren' is the modal 'mogen' (may) + bare infinitive. 'waar' here works like a relative/temporal conjunction (where/when), verb-final. 'daaraan ... behoefte heeft' uses the pronominal adverb 'daaraan' (to it)."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"om later niet te branden","title":"om ... te (purpose) with niet","body":"'om ... niet te branden' = 'so as not to burn (in hell) later': a negative purpose clause. 'niet' precedes 'te branden'. The chilling logic: labour now to avoid eternal fire."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the question to the preceding sentence","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"wanneer","lemma":"wanneer","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the conditional clause","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the parenthetical phrase","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"hulpmiddel","lemma":"hulpmiddel","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase als hulpmiddel","gloss":"a means"},{"surface":"hiertoe","lemma":"hiertoe","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hulpmiddel","gloss":"to this end"},{"surface":"arbeid","lemma":"arbeid","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of is","gloss":"labor"},{"surface":"noodig","lemma":"nodig","morphology":"adjective","role":"predicate adjective with is","gloss":"needed"},{"surface":"is","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"copula linking arbeid to noodig","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ikzelf","lemma":"ikzelf","morphology":"pronoun, first person singular, nominative, emphatic","role":"subject of heb bezocht","gloss":"I myself"},{"surface":"heb","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"auxiliary of bezocht","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"twintig","lemma":"twintig","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies jaar","gloss":"twenty"},{"surface":"jaar","lemma":"jaar","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"duration phrase modifying bezocht","gloss":"years"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of beurs","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"beurs","lemma":"beurs","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of bezocht","gloss":"Exchange"},{"surface":"bezocht","lemma":"bezoeken","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"past participle governed by heb","gloss":"frequented"},{"surface":"mogen","lemma":"mogen","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, plural","role":"modal auxiliary of weigeren","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"we","lemma":"wij","morphology":"pronoun, first person plural, nominative","role":"subject of mogen weigeren","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"dan","lemma":"dan","morphology":"adverb","role":"correlative adverb with wanneer","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, masculine singular, archaic oblique form","role":"determiner of Javaan","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Javaan","lemma":"Javaan","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"indirect object of weigeren","gloss":"Javanese"},{"surface":"arbeid","lemma":"arbeid","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of weigeren","gloss":"labor"},{"surface":"weigeren","lemma":"weigeren","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive governed by mogen","gloss":"refuse"},{"surface":"waar","lemma":"waar","morphology":"subordinating adverb","role":"introduces the causal-temporal clause","gloss":"when","note":"Here waar introduces a clause meaning 'when' or 'since,' not a question about place."},{"surface":"zyn","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"possessive determiner","role":"determiner of ziel","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ziel","lemma":"ziel","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of heeft","gloss":"soul"},{"surface":"daaraan","lemma":"daaraan","morphology":"pronominal adverb","role":"pronominal complement of behoefte","gloss":"of it"},{"surface":"zoo","lemma":"zo","morphology":"adverb","role":"degree adverb modifying dringend","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"dringend","lemma":"dringend","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverb modifying behoefte heeft","gloss":"urgently"},{"surface":"behoefte","lemma":"behoefte","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of heeft","gloss":"need"},{"surface":"heeft","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"finite verb of the waar-clause","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the purpose clause","gloss":"so as"},{"surface":"later","lemma":"later","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverb modifying branden","gloss":"hereafter"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates branden","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"infinitive marker","role":"infinitive marker for branden","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"branden","lemma":"branden","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive in the purpose clause","gloss":"burn"}]},{"number":120,"label":"120","id":"h9-s120","source":"Zelfzucht zou het wezen, schandelyke zelfzucht, als we niet alle pogingen aanwendden om die arme verdoolde menschen te behoeden voor de verschrikkelyke toekomst die dominee Wawelaar zoo welsprekend geschetst heeft.","translation":"It would be selfishness, shameful selfishness, if we did not bend every effort to preserve those poor lost people from the dreadful future that the Reverend Wawelaar sketched so eloquently.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s120.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Zelfzucht zou het wezen ... als we niet alle pogingen aanwendden","title":"Conditional zou + irrealis aanwendden","body":"'zou het wezen' is the conditional (zou + archaic infinitive 'wezen' = zijn): 'it would be'. The 'als'-clause uses an irrealis imperfect 'aanwendden' (past of separable aanwenden) at the end — a counterfactual."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"te behoeden voor de verschrikkelyke toekomst die ... geschetst heeft","title":"te-infinitive + relative die with perfect","body":"'te behoeden voor' = to preserve from (te-infinitive). The relative 'die' (de-word 'toekomst') opens a clause whose perfect 'geschetst heeft' goes to the end."}],"words":[{"surface":"Zelfzucht","lemma":"zelfzucht","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"predicate noun with wezen","gloss":"selfishness"},{"surface":"zou","lemma":"zullen","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, singular","role":"modal auxiliary of wezen","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"pronoun, neuter singular","role":"subject of zou wezen","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"wezen","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive governed by zou","gloss":"be","note":"Wezen is used here as an infinitive of zijn, 'to be.'"},{"surface":"schandelyke","lemma":"schandelijk","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies zelfzucht","gloss":"shameful"},{"surface":"zelfzucht","lemma":"zelfzucht","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"appositive expansion of Zelfzucht","gloss":"selfishness"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the conditional clause","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"we","lemma":"wij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of aanwendden","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates aanwendden","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"alle","lemma":"al","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of pogingen","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"pogingen","lemma":"poging","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"direct object of aanwendden","gloss":"efforts"},{"surface":"aanwendden","lemma":"aanwenden","morphology":"verb, past, plural","role":"finite verb of the conditional clause","gloss":"exerted"},{"surface":"om","lemma":"om","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the purpose clause","gloss":"in order to"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of menschen","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"arme","lemma":"arm","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies menschen","gloss":"poor"},{"surface":"verdoolde","lemma":"verdolen","morphology":"adjective, past-participial","role":"modifies menschen","gloss":"lost"},{"surface":"menschen","lemma":"mens","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"direct object of behoeden","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"infinitive marker","role":"infinitive marker for behoeden","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"behoeden","lemma":"behoeden","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive expressing the purpose of pogingen","gloss":"preserve"},{"surface":"voor","lemma":"voor","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces voor de toekomst","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of toekomst","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"verschrikkelyke","lemma":"verschrikkelijk","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies toekomst","gloss":"dreadful"},{"surface":"toekomst","lemma":"toekomst","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of voor","gloss":"future"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"relative pronoun, common gender singular","role":"direct object of geschetst; refers to toekomst","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"dominee","lemma":"dominee","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"title modifying Wawelaar","gloss":"Reverend"},{"surface":"Wawelaar","lemma":"Wawelaar","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of heeft geschetst","gloss":"Wawelaar"},{"surface":"zoo","lemma":"zo","morphology":"adverb","role":"degree adverb modifying welsprekend","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"welsprekend","lemma":"welsprekend","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverb modifying geschetst","gloss":"eloquently"},{"surface":"geschetst","lemma":"schetsen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"past participle governed by heeft","gloss":"sketched"},{"surface":"heeft","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"auxiliary of geschetst","gloss":"has"}]},{"number":121,"label":"121","id":"h9-s121","source":"Er is een juffrouw flauw gevallen toen hy van dat zwarte kind sprak ... misschien had ze een jongetje dat er wat donker uitzag.","translation":"There was a young woman who fainted when he spoke of that black child ... perhaps she had a little boy who looked rather dark.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s121.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Er is een juffrouw flauw gevallen ... misschien had ze een jongetje","title":"Perfect of flauwvallen with zijn","body":"'is ... flauw gevallen' is the perfect of separable 'flauwvallen' (to faint), which takes 'zijn'. 'had ze' shows inversion after fronted 'misschien'. 'jongetje' is a diminutive."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"dat er wat donker uitzag","title":"Idiom: er ... uitzien","body":"'er ... uitzien' = to look (a certain way); 'wat donker uitzag' = looked rather dark. Droogstoppel's casual, ugly speculation about the fainting woman's child is Multatuli skewering bourgeois racism."}],"words":[{"surface":"Er","lemma":"er","morphology":"adverb","role":"expletive adverb in the existential construction","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"is","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"auxiliary of gevallen","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of juffrouw","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"juffrouw","lemma":"juffrouw","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of is gevallen","gloss":"young woman"},{"surface":"flauw","lemma":"flauw","morphology":"adjective","role":"first element of the idiom flauw vallen","gloss":"faint","note":"Flauw vallen is the fixed expression 'to faint.'"},{"surface":"gevallen","lemma":"vallen","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"past participle governed by is","gloss":"fallen"},{"surface":"toen","lemma":"toen","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the temporal clause","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"hy","lemma":"hij","morphology":"pronoun, third person singular, nominative","role":"subject of sprak","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces van dat kind","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of kind","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"zwarte","lemma":"zwart","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies kind","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"kind","lemma":"kind","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of van","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"sprak","lemma":"spreken","morphology":"verb, past, singular","role":"finite verb of the toen-clause","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"misschien","lemma":"misschien","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence adverb modifying had","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"had","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"verb, past, singular","role":"main verb of the second sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"ze","lemma":"zij","morphology":"pronoun, third person singular, nominative","role":"subject of had","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of jongetje","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"jongetje","lemma":"jongen","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular, diminutive","role":"direct object of had","gloss":"little boy"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"relative pronoun, neuter singular","role":"subject of uitzag and refers to jongetje","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"adverb","role":"fixed adverbial element with uitzien","gloss":"in appearance"},{"surface":"wat","lemma":"wat","morphology":"adverb","role":"degree adverb modifying donker","gloss":"rather"},{"surface":"donker","lemma":"donker","morphology":"adjective","role":"predicate adjective with uitzag","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"uitzag","lemma":"uitzien","morphology":"verb, past, singular","role":"finite verb of the relative clause","gloss":"looked"}]},{"number":122,"label":"122","id":"h9-s122","source":"Vrouwen zyn zoo! En zou ik niet aandringen op arbeid, ik die zelf van den morgen tot den avend aan de zaken denk?","translation":"Women are like that! And should I not press for hard work, I who from morning till evening think of nothing but business?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s122.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"zou ik niet aandringen op arbeid, ik die ... aan de zaken denk?","title":"Conditional zou + relative die","body":"'zou ik niet aandringen' is a rhetorical conditional ('should I not press'); 'aandringen op' = to insist on. The appositive 'ik die ... denk' uses the relative 'die' referring to 'ik'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Vrouwen","lemma":"vrouw","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"subject of zyn","gloss":"women"},{"surface":"zyn","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, present, plural","role":"copula linking Vrouwen to zoo","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"zoo","lemma":"zo","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicative complement of zyn","gloss":"like that"},{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the question","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"zou","lemma":"zullen","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, singular","role":"modal auxiliary of aandringen","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of aandringen","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates aandringen","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"aandringen","lemma":"aandringen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive governed by zou","gloss":"press"},{"surface":"op","lemma":"op","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking arbeid","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"arbeid","lemma":"arbeid","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"complement of op","gloss":"hard work"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"apposition to the subject ik","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"relative pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of denk","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"zelf","lemma":"zelf","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizes die","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"begins the time span van ... tot","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, masculine singular, oblique","role":"determiner of morgen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"morgen","lemma":"morgen","morphology":"noun, masculine singular","role":"complement of van","gloss":"morning"},{"surface":"tot","lemma":"tot","morphology":"preposition","role":"marks the endpoint avend","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, masculine singular, oblique","role":"determiner of avend","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"avend","lemma":"avond","morphology":"noun, masculine singular","role":"complement of tot","gloss":"evening"},{"surface":"aan","lemma":"aan","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition selected by denk","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of zaken","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"zaken","lemma":"zaak","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"complement of aan","gloss":"business"},{"surface":"denk","lemma":"denken","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"verb of the relative clause on ik","gloss":"think"}]},{"number":123,"label":"123","id":"h9-s123","source":"Is niet reeds dit boek--dat Stern me zoo zuur maakt--een bewys hoe goed ik het meen met de welvaart van ons vaderland, en hoe ik daarvoor alles veil heb?","translation":"Is not this very book--which Stern makes so sour for me--proof of how well I mean by the prosperity of our fatherland, and how I will give up anything for it?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s123.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"dit boek--dat Stern me zoo zuur maakt--een bewys hoe goed ik het meen","title":"Relative dat + idiom zuur maken","body":"'dat Stern me zoo zuur maakt' is a relative clause (het-word 'boek', so 'dat'); 'iemand het leven/iets zuur maken' = to make life hard for someone. 'hoe goed ik het meen' is an embedded exclamation, verb-final."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"alles veil heb","title":"Idiom: iets veil hebben","body":"'iets veil hebben (voor)' = to be willing to sacrifice/give up anything for. 'veil' (lit. 'for sale') survives chiefly in this set phrase. Droogstoppel claims to sacrifice all for the fatherland's 'welvaart' (prosperity)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Is","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"copula linking boek to bewys","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates Is","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"reeds","lemma":"reeds","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizes dit boek","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"dit","lemma":"dit","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of boek","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"boek","lemma":"boek","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of Is","gloss":"book"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"relative pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of maakt","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"Stern","lemma":"Stern","morphology":"proper noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of maakt","gloss":"Stern"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"me","morphology":"pronoun, dative","role":"indirect object of maakt","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"zoo","lemma":"zo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies zuur","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"zuur","lemma":"zuur","morphology":"adjective","role":"complement of maakt","gloss":"sour"},{"surface":"maakt","lemma":"maken","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"verb of the relative clause on boek","gloss":"makes"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of bewys","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bewys","lemma":"bewijs","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"predicative complement of Is","gloss":"proof"},{"surface":"hoe","lemma":"hoe","morphology":"subordinating adverb","role":"introduces the embedded clause of meen","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"goed","lemma":"goed","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies meen","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of meen","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of meen","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"meen","lemma":"menen","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"verb of the embedded clause","gloss":"mean"},{"surface":"met","lemma":"met","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition selected by het goed menen","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of welvaart","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"welvaart","lemma":"welvaart","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"complement of met","gloss":"prosperity"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vaderland","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ons","lemma":"ons","morphology":"possessive determiner","role":"possessive determiner of vaderland","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"vaderland","lemma":"vaderland","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"complement of van","gloss":"fatherland"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinates the two hoe-clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hoe","lemma":"hoe","morphology":"subordinating adverb","role":"introduces the embedded clause of heb","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of heb","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"daarvoor","lemma":"daarvoor","morphology":"pronominal adverb","role":"complement of veil heb","gloss":"for it"},{"surface":"alles","lemma":"alles","morphology":"indefinite pronoun","role":"direct object in the idiom alles veil hebben","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"veil","lemma":"veil","morphology":"adjective","role":"predicative complement in alles veil hebben","gloss":"willing to sacrifice","note":"Iets veil hebben means to be willing to sacrifice something."},{"surface":"heb","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"verb of the second hoe-clause","gloss":"have"}]},{"number":124,"label":"124","id":"h9-s124","source":"En als ik zoo zwaar moet arbeiden, ik die gedoopt ben--in de Amstelkerk--zou men dan van den javaan niet mogen vorderen dat hy die zyn zaligheid nog verdienen moet, de handen uitsteekt?","translation":"And if I must labor so hard, I who was baptized--in the Amstel Church--ought one not then to require of the Javanese, who has yet to earn his salvation, that he too lend a hand?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s124.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"zou men ... niet mogen vorderen dat hy ... de handen uitsteekt","title":"Conditional zou + modal mogen + dat-clause","body":"'zou men ... niet mogen vorderen' stacks conditional 'zou' with modal 'mogen' and infinitive 'vorderen' (to require). The dat-clause 'dat hy ... de handen uitsteekt' is verb-final, with separable uitsteken."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"ik die gedoopt ben--in de Amstelkerk","title":"zijn-passive: gedoopt ben","body":"'gedoopt ben' is a stative zijn-passive ('have been baptized / am baptized'). 'die zyn zaligheid nog verdienen moet' contrasts the Javanese, who 'still has to earn his salvation'."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the sentence","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the conditional clause of arbeiden","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of arbeiden","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"zoo","lemma":"zo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies zwaar","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"zwaar","lemma":"zwaar","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies arbeiden","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"moet","lemma":"moeten","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"modal auxiliary of arbeiden","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"arbeiden","lemma":"arbeiden","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"verb of the als-clause","gloss":"labor"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"apposition to the subject ik","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"relative pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of gedoopt ben","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"gedoopt","lemma":"dopen","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"main participle of the passive gedoopt ben","gloss":"baptized"},{"surface":"ben","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"passive auxiliary of gedoopt","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Amstelkerk","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of Amstelkerk","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Amstelkerk","lemma":"Amstelkerk","morphology":"proper noun","role":"complement of in","gloss":"Amstel Church"},{"surface":"zou","lemma":"zullen","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, singular","role":"conditional auxiliary of mogen vorderen","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"men","lemma":"men","morphology":"indefinite pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of vorderen","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"dan","lemma":"dan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vorderen","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking javaan","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, masculine singular, oblique","role":"determiner of javaan","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"javaan","lemma":"Javaan","morphology":"noun, masculine singular","role":"complement of van","gloss":"Javanese"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates mogen vorderen","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"mogen","lemma":"mogen","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"modal infinitive governed by zou","gloss":"be allowed to"},{"surface":"vorderen","lemma":"vorderen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main infinitive governed by zou mogen","gloss":"require"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the object clause of vorderen","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hy","lemma":"hij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of uitsteekt","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"relative pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of verdienen","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"zyn","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"possessive determiner","role":"possessive determiner of zaligheid","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"zaligheid","lemma":"zaligheid","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of verdienen","gloss":"salvation"},{"surface":"nog","lemma":"nog","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies verdienen","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"verdienen","lemma":"verdienen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive governed by moet","gloss":"earn"},{"surface":"moet","lemma":"moeten","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"modal auxiliary of verdienen","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of handen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"handen","lemma":"hand","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"direct object of uitsteekt","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"uitsteekt","lemma":"uitsteken","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"verb of the dat-clause","gloss":"extends","note":"De handen uitsteken here means to lend a hand or set to work."}]},{"number":125,"label":"125","id":"h9-s125","source":"Als die vereeniging--van nummer 5, meen ik--tot-stand komt, sluit ik me daarbij aan.","translation":"If that association--from number 5, I think--comes to pass, I will join it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s125.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Als die vereeniging ... tot-stand komt, sluit ik me daarbij aan","title":"als-clause + reflexive separable zich aansluiten","body":"Fronted 'Als'-clause (verb-final 'komt') triggers inversion 'sluit ik'. 'zich aansluiten bij' = to join; the reflexive 'me' and the prefix 'aan' (here 'me daarbij aan') frame the separable verb. 'tot stand komen' = to come about."}],"words":[{"surface":"Als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the conditional clause of komt","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of vereeniging","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"vereeniging","lemma":"vereniging","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of komt","gloss":"association"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nummer","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"nummer","lemma":"nummer","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"complement of van","gloss":"number"},{"surface":"meen","lemma":"menen","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"parenthetical verb","gloss":"think"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of meen","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"tot-stand","lemma":"tot stand","morphology":"fixed adverbial expression","role":"completes the expression tot stand komt","gloss":"to pass","note":"Tot stand komen means to come about."},{"surface":"komt","lemma":"komen","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"verb of the als-clause","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"sluit","lemma":"sluiten","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"finite base of the separable verb aansluiten","gloss":"close"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of sluit","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"zich","morphology":"reflexive pronoun, accusative","role":"reflexive object of sluit ... aan","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"daarbij","lemma":"daarbij","morphology":"pronominal adverb","role":"prepositional complement of sluit ... aan","gloss":"to it"},{"surface":"aan","lemma":"aan","morphology":"separable verbal particle","role":"completes the separable verb sluit ... aan","gloss":"join","note":"Zich aansluiten bij means to join."}]},{"number":126,"label":"126","id":"h9-s126","source":"En ik zal ook de Rosemeyers hiertoe trachten overtehalen, omdat de suikerraffinadeurs er ook belang by hebben, schoon ik niet geloof dat ze zeer zuiver zyn in hun begrippen--de Rosemeyers meen ik--want ze houden een roomsche meid.","translation":"And I shall try to bring the Rosemeyers around to it as well, since the sugar refiners have an interest in it too, though I do not believe they are altogether sound in their convictions--the Rosemeyers, I mean--for they keep a Roman Catholic maid.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s126.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"omdat de suikerraffinadeurs er ook belang by hebben","title":"omdat + split pronominal adverb erbij","body":"'omdat' is subordinating (verb-final). 'er ... belang by hebben' = 'erbij belang hebben', to have an interest in it — a pronominal adverb 'erbij' split by intervening words. 'belang hebben bij' = to have a stake in."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"schoon ik niet geloof dat ze zeer zuiver zyn","title":"Archaic schoon (although)","body":"'schoon' here is the literary/archaic concessive conjunction 'although' (the older root from which 'ofschoon' is derived by prefixing 'of-', not a shortening of it), subordinating, so 'geloof' is followed by a verb-final dat-clause. 'zuiver in hun begrippen' = sound in their views."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the main clause","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of trachten","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"zal","lemma":"zullen","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"auxiliary of trachten","gloss":"shall"},{"surface":"ook","lemma":"ook","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the clause of overtehalen","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of Rosemeyers","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Rosemeyers","lemma":"Rosemeyer","morphology":"proper noun, plural","role":"direct object of overtehalen","gloss":"Rosemeyers"},{"surface":"hiertoe","lemma":"hiertoe","morphology":"pronominal adverb","role":"prepositional complement of overtehalen","gloss":"to it"},{"surface":"trachten","lemma":"trachten","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive governed by zal","gloss":"try"},{"surface":"overtehalen","lemma":"overhalen","morphology":"verb, infinitive with te","role":"infinitival complement of trachten","gloss":"bring around","note":"Overtehalen is the older one-word spelling of over te halen."},{"surface":"omdat","lemma":"omdat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the causal clause of hebben","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of suikerraffinadeurs","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"suikerraffinadeurs","lemma":"suikerraffinadeur","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"subject of hebben","gloss":"sugar refiners"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronominal adverb, split","role":"first part of er ... by","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ook","lemma":"ook","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hebben","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"belang","lemma":"belang","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of hebben","gloss":"interest"},{"surface":"by","lemma":"bij","morphology":"preposition in split pronominal adverb","role":"completes er ... by","gloss":"in","note":"Er belang bij hebben means to have an interest or stake in it."},{"surface":"hebben","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"verb, present, plural","role":"verb of the omdat-clause","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"schoon","lemma":"schoon","morphology":"subordinating conjunction, archaic","role":"introduces the concessive clause of geloof","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of geloof","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"niet","lemma":"niet","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates geloof","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"geloof","lemma":"geloven","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"verb of the schoon-clause","gloss":"believe"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"dat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the object clause of zyn","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ze","lemma":"ze","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of zyn","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"zeer","lemma":"zeer","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies zuiver","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"zuiver","lemma":"zuiver","morphology":"adjective","role":"predicative complement of zyn","gloss":"sound"},{"surface":"zyn","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, present, plural","role":"copula linking ze to zuiver","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking begrippen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"hun","lemma":"hun","morphology":"possessive determiner","role":"possessive determiner of begrippen","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"begrippen","lemma":"begrip","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"complement of in","gloss":"convictions"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of Rosemeyers","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Rosemeyers","lemma":"Rosemeyer","morphology":"proper noun, plural","role":"clarifying apposition to ze","gloss":"Rosemeyers"},{"surface":"meen","lemma":"menen","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"parenthetical verb","gloss":"mean"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of meen","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"want","lemma":"want","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the explanatory clause of houden","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ze","lemma":"ze","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of houden","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"houden","lemma":"houden","morphology":"verb, present, plural","role":"verb of the want-clause","gloss":"keep"},{"surface":"een","lemma":"een","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of meid","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"roomsche","lemma":"rooms","morphology":"adjective, inflected","role":"modifies meid","gloss":"Roman Catholic","note":"Roomsch is an older spelling meaning Roman Catholic."},{"surface":"meid","lemma":"meid","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of houden","gloss":"maid"}]},{"number":127,"label":"127","id":"h9-s127","source":"Hoe het zy, ik zal myn plicht doen.","translation":"Be that as it may, I will do my duty.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s127.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Hoe het zy","title":"Idiom: hoe het zij","body":"'hoe het zy' (modern: hoe het ook zij) = 'be that as it may'. 'zy' is a subjunctive of 'zijn'. A fixed concessive formula. 'ik zal myn plicht doen' = I will do my duty."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hoe","lemma":"hoe","morphology":"concessive adverb","role":"predicative complement of zy","gloss":"however"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of zy","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"zy","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, present subjunctive, singular","role":"copula linking het to Hoe","gloss":"may be","note":"Hoe het zy is a fixed concessive expression; zy is the historical subjunctive of zijn."},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of doen","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"zal","lemma":"zullen","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"auxiliary of doen","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"myn","lemma":"mijn","morphology":"possessive determiner","role":"possessive determiner of plicht","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"plicht","lemma":"plicht","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"direct object of doen","gloss":"duty"},{"surface":"doen","lemma":"doen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"do"}]},{"number":128,"label":"128","id":"h9-s128","source":"Dit heb ik mezelf toen ik met Frits van den bidstond naar-huis ging.","translation":"This I said to myself when I walked home from the prayer meeting with Frits.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s128.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Dit heb ik mezelf [gezegd] toen ik ... naar-huis ging","title":"Fronted object + subordinate toen","body":"'Dit' fronts as object, so the perfect inverts: 'heb ik'. 'toen ik ... ging' is a subordinate temporal clause, verb-final. (The original elides 'gezegd'.) 'naar huis gaan' = to go home."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dit","lemma":"dit","morphology":"demonstrative pronoun","role":"direct object of the elided gezegd","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"heb","lemma":"hebben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"auxiliary of the elided participle gezegd","gloss":"have","note":"The original elides gezegd after mezelf."},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of the elided gezegd","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"mezelf","lemma":"zichzelf","morphology":"reflexive pronoun, dative","role":"indirect object of the elided gezegd","gloss":"to myself"},{"surface":"toen","lemma":"toen","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the temporal clause of ging","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of ging","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"met","lemma":"met","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Frits","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Frits","lemma":"Frits","morphology":"proper noun","role":"complement of met","gloss":"Frits"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"van","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bidstond","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, masculine singular, oblique","role":"determiner of bidstond","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"bidstond","lemma":"bidstond","morphology":"noun, masculine singular","role":"complement of van","gloss":"prayer meeting"},{"surface":"naar-huis","lemma":"naar huis","morphology":"adverbial phrase","role":"directional complement of ging","gloss":"home","note":"Naar-huis reflects older hyphenation; modern Dutch writes naar huis."},{"surface":"ging","lemma":"gaan","morphology":"verb, past, singular","role":"verb of the temporal toen-clause","gloss":"went"}]},{"number":129,"label":"129","id":"h9-s129","source":"In myn huis zal de Heere gediend worden, daarvoor zal ik zorgen. En dit met te meer yver, omdat ik hoe langer hoe meer inzie hoe wys alles geregeld is, hoe liefderyk de wegen zyn waarlangs wij worden geleid aan Gods hand, en hoe Hy ons behouden wil voor het eeuwige en voor het tydelyke leven, want die grond te Lebak kan zeer goed geschikt worden gemaakt voor de koffikultuur.","translation":"In my house the Lord shall be served, of that I will take care. And all the more zealously, since the longer I live the more I see how wisely everything is ordered, how lovingly the paths run along which we are led by God's hand, and how He would preserve us for the life eternal and for the life of this present time, for that land at Lebak can be made very well suited to the cultivation of coffee.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/havelaar/h9-s129.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"In myn huis zal de Heere gediend worden","title":"Future + worden-passive, inverted","body":"Fronting 'In myn huis' inverts the verb: 'zal de Heere gediend worden' — a future built on a worden-passive ('the Lord shall be served'). Three verb forms cluster at the end."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"hoe wys alles geregeld is, hoe liefderyk de wegen zyn waarlangs wij worden geleid","title":"Embedded hoe-clauses; relative waarlangs","body":"A chain of embedded exclamations ('hoe ... is', 'hoe ... zyn'), all verb-final. 'waarlangs' is a pronominal/relative adverb ('along which'), and 'worden geleid' is a worden-passive ('are led')."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"want die grond te Lebak kan zeer goed geschikt worden gemaakt","title":"want (coordinating) + modal + passive","body":"'want' keeps main-clause order, so the chain 'kan ... geschikt worden gemaakt' (modal kan + worden-passive 'worden gemaakt') follows normally. The bathos — piety collapsing back into the coffee question — is the joke."}],"words":[{"surface":"In","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking huis","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"myn","lemma":"mijn","morphology":"possessive determiner","role":"possessive determiner of huis","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"huis","lemma":"huis","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of In","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"zal","lemma":"zullen","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"auxiliary of gediend","gloss":"shall"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of Heere","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Heere","lemma":"Heer","morphology":"proper noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of passive gediend","gloss":"Lord"},{"surface":"gediend","lemma":"dienen","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"main verb of passive clause","gloss":"served"},{"surface":"worden","lemma":"worden","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"passive auxiliary of gediend","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"daarvoor","lemma":"daarvoor","morphology":"pronominal adverb","role":"complement of zorgen","gloss":"of that"},{"surface":"zal","lemma":"zullen","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"auxiliary of zorgen","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of zorgen","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"zorgen","lemma":"zorgen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb governed by zal","gloss":"take care"},{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links to the preceding sentence","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dit","lemma":"dit","morphology":"pronoun","role":"object understood with omitted zorgen","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"met","lemma":"met","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking yver","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"degree particle","role":"part of te meer","gloss":"all the"},{"surface":"meer","lemma":"veel","morphology":"adverb, comparative","role":"modifies yver","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"yver","lemma":"ijver","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of met","gloss":"zeal","note":"Older spelling of modern Dutch ijver."},{"surface":"omdat","lemma":"omdat","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the reason clause","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"ik","lemma":"ik","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of inzie","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"hoe","lemma":"hoe","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies langer in the correlative phrase","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"langer","lemma":"lang","morphology":"adverb, comparative","role":"modifies inzie","gloss":"longer"},{"surface":"hoe","lemma":"hoe","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies meer in the correlative phrase","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"meer","lemma":"veel","morphology":"adverb, comparative","role":"modifies inzie","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"inzie","lemma":"inzien","morphology":"verb, present, first-person singular","role":"main verb of omdat-clause","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"hoe","lemma":"hoe","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies wys","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"wys","lemma":"wijs","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies geregeld","gloss":"wisely"},{"surface":"alles","lemma":"alles","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of copular is","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"geregeld","lemma":"geregeld","morphology":"participial adjective","role":"predicative complement of is","gloss":"ordered"},{"surface":"is","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"copula with geregeld","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"hoe","lemma":"hoe","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies liefderyk","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"liefderyk","lemma":"liefderijk","morphology":"adjective","role":"predicative complement of zyn","gloss":"gracious","note":"Older spelling of modern Dutch liefderijk."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of wegen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"wegen","lemma":"weg","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of zyn","gloss":"paths"},{"surface":"zyn","lemma":"zijn","morphology":"verb, present, plural","role":"copular verb with liefderyk","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"waarlangs","lemma":"waarlangs","morphology":"relative pronominal adverb","role":"complement of geleid referring to wegen","gloss":"along which"},{"surface":"wij","lemma":"wij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of passive geleid","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"worden","lemma":"worden","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, plural","role":"passive auxiliary of geleid","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"geleid","lemma":"leiden","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"main verb of relative clause","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"aan","lemma":"aan","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hand","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"Gods","lemma":"God","morphology":"proper noun, singular","role":"possessor of hand","gloss":"God's"},{"surface":"hand","lemma":"hand","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of aan","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links coordinated content clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hoe","lemma":"hoe","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces content clause","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"Hy","lemma":"hij","morphology":"pronoun, nominative","role":"subject of wil","gloss":"He"},{"surface":"ons","lemma":"ons","morphology":"pronoun, accusative","role":"direct object of behouden","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"behouden","lemma":"behouden","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb governed by wil","gloss":"preserve"},{"surface":"wil","lemma":"willen","morphology":"verb, present, singular","role":"finite verb of content clause","gloss":"wants to"},{"surface":"voor","lemma":"voor","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking leven","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of omitted leven","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"eeuwige","lemma":"eeuwig","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies omitted leven","gloss":"eternal"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"voor","lemma":"voor","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking leven","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"het","lemma":"het","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of leven","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tydelyke","lemma":"tijdelijk","morphology":"adjective, inflected","role":"modifies leven","gloss":"present","note":"Older spelling of modern Dutch tijdelijke."},{"surface":"leven","lemma":"leven","morphology":"noun, neuter, singular","role":"object of voor","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"want","lemma":"want","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the explanatory clause","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"die","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of grond","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"grond","lemma":"grond","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"subject of passive gemaakt","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Lebak","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Lebak","lemma":"Lebak","morphology":"proper noun","role":"object of te","gloss":"Lebak"},{"surface":"kan","lemma":"kunnen","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, singular","role":"auxiliary of gemaakt","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"zeer","lemma":"zeer","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies goed","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"goed","lemma":"goed","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies geschikt worden gemaakt","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"geschikt","lemma":"geschikt","morphology":"adjective","role":"resultative complement of gemaakt","gloss":"suited"},{"surface":"worden","lemma":"worden","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"passive auxiliary of gemaakt","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"gemaakt","lemma":"maken","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"main verb of passive infinitive","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"voor","lemma":"voor","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking koffikultuur","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of koffikultuur","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"koffikultuur","lemma":"koffiecultuur","morphology":"noun, common gender, singular","role":"object of voor","gloss":"coffee cultivation","note":"Older spelling of modern Dutch koffiecultuur."}]}]}