{"work":{"slug":"iliad","title":{"source":"Ἰλιάς","translated":"The Iliad"},"author":"Homer","language":"Ancient Greek","languageCode":"grc","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad"},"unit":{"kind":"book","number":1,"id":"book-01","title":{"source":"Ἰλιάδος Α","translated":"Book 1 — The Wrath of Achilles: The Plague, the Quarrel, and Thetis' Plea"},"section":"The Wrath","summary":"Agamemnon takes Briseis from Achilles, who withdraws from the war. His mother Thetis asks Zeus to make the Greeks pay for the insult.","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad/1","lines":611},"previous":null,"next":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad/2","license":"Source text: public domain (Homer, ancient; Greek per the Murray text via the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 3.0). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original line-aligned draft, pending editorial review. Word-by-word morphology and syntax derived from the Perseus Ancient Greek Dependency Treebank (CC BY-SA 3.0); English glosses and notes © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"b1-l1","source":"μῆνιν ἄειδε θεὰ Πηληϊάδεω Ἀχιλῆος","translation":"The wrath of Peleus' son Achilles, sing, goddess,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μῆνιν","title":"menis: wrath","body":"μῆνις is not ordinary anger but a towering, often sacred wrath, elsewhere reserved for the gods; setting it as the poem's very first word makes Achilles' rage the engine of everything that follows. It is the Iliad's controlling term, the way νόστος governs the Odyssey."}],"words":[{"surface":"μῆνιν","lemma":"μῆνις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἄειδε","gloss":"wrath","note":"The Iliad's very first word is the object, not the subject or verb: Greek word order lets μῆνιν stand first because it is the poem's whole theme."},{"surface":"ἄειδε","lemma":"ἀείδω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sing"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"Πηληϊάδεω","lemma":"Πηληιάδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀχιλῆος","gloss":"son of Peleus","note":"A patronymic: -ϊάδεω names Achilles as \"son of Peleus\" without using the word for son."},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆος","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μῆνιν","gloss":"of Achilles"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"b1-l2","source":"οὐλομένην, ἣ μυρίʼ Ἀχαιοῖς ἄλγεʼ ἔθηκε,","translation":"the accursed wrath, that brought the Achaeans countless woes,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐλομένην","lemma":"οὐλόμενος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μῆνιν","gloss":"accursed"},{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"μυρί","lemma":"μυρίος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄλγἐ","gloss":"countless"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοῖς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἔθηκε","gloss":"the Achaeans"},{"surface":"ἄλγε","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔθηκε","gloss":"woes","note":"ἄλγεα τιθέναι, \"to set woes upon someone,\" is a stock Homeric phrase for inflicting suffering."},{"surface":"ἔθηκε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"brought"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"b1-l3","source":"πολλὰς δʼ ἰφθίμους ψυχὰς Ἄϊδι προΐαψεν","translation":"and hurled down to Hades many mighty souls","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὰς","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ψυχὰς","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰφθίμους","lemma":"ἴφθιμος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ψυχὰς","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ψυχὰς","lemma":"ψυχή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of προΐαψεν","gloss":"souls"},{"surface":"προΐαψεν","lemma":"προιάπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"hurled down"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"b1-l4","source":"ἡρώων, αὐτοὺς δὲ ἑλώρια τεῦχε κύνεσσιν","translation":"of heroes, and made their bodies prey for dogs","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡρώων","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ψυχὰς","gloss":"of heroes"},{"surface":"αὐτοὺς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of τεῦχε","gloss":"them","note":"αὐτούς, \"their own selves,\" pointedly means the bodies left behind, in contrast to the ψυχάς (souls) just sent to Hades — the poem's opening draws the soul/body split sharply."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑλώρια","lemma":"ἑλώριον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"complement of τεῦχε","gloss":"prey"},{"surface":"τεῦχε","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"κύνεσσιν","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"for dogs"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"b1-l5","source":"οἰωνοῖσί τε πᾶσι, Διὸς δʼ ἐτελείετο βουλή,","translation":"and for all birds — and the will of Zeus was being fulfilled —","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἐτελείετο","title":"Imperfect passive","body":"ἐτελείετο is imperfect passive, \"was being brought to fulfillment\": the plan of Zeus is not a single finished act but a purpose working itself out across the whole poem, which the ongoing tense signals from the outset."}],"words":[{"surface":"οἰωνοῖσί","lemma":"οἰωνός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"birds"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πᾶσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἰωνοῖσί","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies βουλή","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐτελείετο","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was being fulfilled"},{"surface":"βουλή","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐτελείετο","gloss":"will","note":"\"The will of Zeus\" (Διὸς βουλή) names the poem's larger plan working itself out beneath the plot's events — a phrase that will recur across the epic."}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"b1-l6","source":"ἐξ οὗ δὴ τὰ πρῶτα διαστήτην ἐρίσαντε","translation":"from the time when first they stood apart in strife,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"διαστήτην ἐρίσαντε","title":"Dual number","body":"Both the verb and its participle appear in the dual, a Greek grammatical number used for exactly two — grammar itself marks that this quarrel belongs to precisely two men, Agamemnon and Achilles."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"οὗ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐξ","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter article","role":"modifies πρῶτα","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"πρῶτα","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to διαστήτην","gloss":"first","note":"τὰ πρῶτα is a fixed adverbial idiom, \"at first,\" not a noun phrase — the article τὰ has no separate translation here."},{"surface":"διαστήτην","lemma":"διίστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"adverbial to ἐτελείετο","gloss":"stood apart"},{"surface":"ἐρίσαντε","lemma":"ἐρίζω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to διαστήτην","gloss":"quarreling"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"b1-l7","source":"Ἀτρεΐδης τε ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν καὶ δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς.","translation":"the son of Atreus, lord of men, and godlike Achilles.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδης","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and","note":"τε...καὶ here works as a pair (\"both...and\"), yoking the two men whose quarrel drives the whole poem into a single balanced line."},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀτρεΐδης","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄναξ","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"b1-l8","source":"τίς τʼ ἄρ σφωε θεῶν ἔριδι ξυνέηκε μάχεσθαι;","translation":"Which of the gods, then, set the two of them at odds to fight?","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τίς","morphology":"irregular","role":"subject of ξυνέηκε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"τ(ε) here has no coordinating job of its own; it just adds epic color to the rhetorical question, as often when τε and ἄρα cluster together."},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"σφωε","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"accusative dual masculine pronoun","role":"object of ξυνέηκε","gloss":"the two of them","note":"The dual number σφωε picks out exactly two people — Agamemnon and Achilles — before either has been named."},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"ἔριδι","lemma":"ἔρις","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to μάχεσθαι","gloss":"strife"},{"surface":"ξυνέηκε","lemma":"συνίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set at odds"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to ξυνέηκε","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"b1-l9","source":"Λητοῦς καὶ Διὸς υἱός· ὃ γὰρ βασιλῆϊ χολωθεὶς","translation":"The son of Leto and Zeus. For he, enraged at the king,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Λητοῦς","lemma":"Λητώ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of Leto"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὄρσε","gloss":"he","note":"ὁ here is the old Homeric demonstrative/pronoun use (\"that one, he\"), not yet the plain definite article it becomes in later Greek."},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"βασιλῆϊ","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of χολωθεὶς","gloss":"the king"},{"surface":"χολωθεὶς","lemma":"χολόω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὄρσε","gloss":"enraged"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"b1-l10","source":"νοῦσον ἀνὰ στρατὸν ὄρσε κακήν, ὀλέκοντο δὲ λαοί,","translation":"roused a deadly plague throughout the camp, and the men were dying,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νοῦσον","lemma":"νόσος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὄρσε","gloss":"plague","note":"The plague Apollo sends is the poem's first act of divine anger, the direct consequence of Agamemnon's insult to the god's priest."},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"στρατὸν","lemma":"στρατός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνὰ","gloss":"the camp"},{"surface":"ὄρσε","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"roused"},{"surface":"κακήν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νοῦσον","gloss":"deadly"},{"surface":"ὀλέκοντο","lemma":"ὀλέκω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were dying"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λαοί","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ὀλέκοντο","gloss":"the men"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"b1-l11","source":"οὕνεκα τὸν Χρύσην ἠτίμασεν ἀρητῆρα","translation":"because he had dishonored Chryses the priest —","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὕνεκα","lemma":"οὕνεκα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies Χρύσην","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Χρύσην","lemma":"Χρύσης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠτίμασεν","gloss":"Chryses"},{"surface":"ἠτίμασεν","lemma":"ἀτιμάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to οὕνεκα","gloss":"dishonored"},{"surface":"ἀρητῆρα","lemma":"ἀρητήρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Χρύσην","gloss":"priest","note":"ἀρητῆρα stands in apposition to Χρύσην: Chryses is identified by his office, priest of Apollo, before he is given any other trait."}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"b1-l12","source":"Ἀτρεΐδης· ὃ γὰρ ἦλθε θοὰς ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"the son of Atreus. For Chryses had come to the swift ships of the Achaeans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l12.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδης","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠτίμασεν","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had come"},{"surface":"θοὰς","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"b1-l13","source":"λυσόμενός τε θύγατρα φέρων τʼ ἀπερείσιʼ ἄποινα,","translation":"to free his daughter, bringing boundless ransom,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l13.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λυσόμενός","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"future middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τ̓","gloss":"to free","note":"The future middle participle λυσόμενος marks that Chryses acts in his own interest — to free his own daughter — rather than performing the act for someone else."},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θύγατρα","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of λυσόμενός","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"φέρων","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τ̓","gloss":"bringing"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπερείσι","lemma":"ἀπερείσιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄποινα","gloss":"boundless"},{"surface":"ἄποινα","lemma":"ἄποινα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of φέρων","gloss":"ransom"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"b1-l14","source":"στέμματʼ ἔχων ἐν χερσὶν ἑκηβόλου Ἀπόλλωνος","translation":"holding in his hands the wreaths of far-shooting Apollo","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l14.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἑκηβόλου","title":"\"Far-shooting\" Apollo","body":"ἑκηβόλος, \"far-shooting\" or \"who strikes from afar,\" is a standing epithet of Apollo tied to his bow; it recurs whenever the god's power to strike from a distance — whether in wrath or in answer to prayer — is in view."}],"words":[{"surface":"στέμματ","lemma":"στέμμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχων","gloss":"wreaths","note":"The wreath (στέμμα) and the god's own staff, mentioned two lines later, are the visible signs of a suppliant appealing to a god's protection — Chryses is staging a formal ritual plea."},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"his hands"},{"surface":"ἑκηβόλου","lemma":"ἑκηβόλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλωνος","gloss":"far-shooting"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλωνος","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies στέμματ̓","gloss":"of Apollo"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"b1-l15","source":"χρυσέῳ ἀνὰ σκήπτρῳ, καὶ λίσσετο πάντας Ἀχαιούς,","translation":"upon a golden staff, and he besought all the Achaeans,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l15.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χρυσέῳ","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σκήπτρῳ","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"σκήπτρῳ","lemma":"σκῆπτρον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀνὰ","gloss":"staff"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λίσσετο","lemma":"λίσσομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"besought"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιούς","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"b1-l16","source":"Ἀτρεΐδα δὲ μάλιστα δύω, κοσμήτορε λαῶν·","translation":"but above all the two sons of Atreus, marshals of the people:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l16.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδα","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"accusative dual masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"the two sons of Atreus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"above all"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies Ἀτρεΐδα","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"κοσμήτορε","lemma":"κοσμήτωρ","morphology":"accusative dual masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"marshals","note":"κοσμήτορε λαῶν, \"marshals of the people,\" is a formulaic Homeric title for commanding kings, applied here to Agamemnon and Menelaus together."},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies κοσμήτορε","gloss":"of the people"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"b1-l17","source":"Ἀτρεΐδαι τε καὶ ἄλλοι ἐϋκνήμιδες Ἀχαιοί,","translation":"\"Sons of Atreus, and you other well-greaved Achaeans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l17.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐϋκνήμιδες","title":"Well-greaved Achaeans","body":"ἐϋκνήμιδες, \"well-greaved,\" names the bronze shin-guards that were part of a hoplite's standard armor. Like all Homeric epithets it is concrete, naming actual gear rather than a vague quality."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδαι","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"sons of Atreus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοί","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"ἐϋκνήμιδες","lemma":"ἐυκνήμις","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοί","gloss":"well-greaved"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"b1-l18","source":"ὑμῖν μὲν θεοὶ δοῖεν Ὀλύμπια δώματʼ ἔχοντες","translation":"may the gods who hold the halls of Olympus grant you","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l18.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὑμῖν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative plural pronoun","role":"object of δοῖεν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δοῖεν","gloss":"the gods"},{"surface":"δοῖεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grant"},{"surface":"Ὀλύμπια","lemma":"Ὀλύμπιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δώματ̓","gloss":"of Olympus"},{"surface":"δώματ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχοντες","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"ἔχοντες","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"who hold"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"b1-l19","source":"ἐκπέρσαι Πριάμοιο πόλιν, εὖ δʼ οἴκαδʼ ἱκέσθαι·","translation":"to sack the city of Priam, and to return safely home;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l19.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκπέρσαι","lemma":"ἐκπέρθω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"to sack"},{"surface":"Πριάμοιο","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πόλιν","gloss":"of Priam"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκπέρσαι","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἱκέσθαι","gloss":"safely"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἴκαδ","lemma":"οἴκαδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἱκέσθαι","gloss":"home"},{"surface":"ἱκέσθαι","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"to return"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"b1-l20","source":"παῖδα δʼ ἐμοὶ λύσαιτε φίλην, τὰ δʼ ἄποινα δέχεσθαι,","translation":"but free for me my dear daughter, and accept this ransom,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l20.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παῖδα","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of λύσαιτε","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies παῖδα","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"λύσαιτε","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"free"},{"surface":"φίλην","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies παῖδα","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter article","role":"modifies ἄποινα","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄποινα","lemma":"ἄποινα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δέχεσθαι","gloss":"ransom"},{"surface":"δέχεσθαι","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"accept"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"b1-l21","source":"ἁζόμενοι Διὸς υἱὸν ἑκηβόλον Ἀπόλλωνα.","translation":"in reverence for the son of Zeus, far-shooting Apollo.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l21.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἁζόμενοι","lemma":"ἅζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"in reverence for"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἑκηβόλον","lemma":"ἑκηβόλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλωνα","gloss":"far-shooting"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλωνα","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"b1-l22","source":"ἔνθʼ ἄλλοι μὲν πάντες ἐπευφήμησαν Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"Then all the rest of the Achaeans cried out their assent,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l22.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοὶ","gloss":"the rest"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand","note":"This μέν sets up a contrast completed two lines later by ἀλλ' οὐκ (\"but... not\"): everyone else agreed, but Agamemnon alone did not."},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοὶ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐπευφήμησαν","lemma":"ἐπευφημέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cried out assent"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐπευφήμησαν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"b1-l23","source":"αἰδεῖσθαί θʼ ἱερῆα καὶ ἀγλαὰ δέχθαι ἄποινα·","translation":"to respect the priest and accept the splendid ransom;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l23.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰδεῖσθαί","lemma":"αἰδέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to respect"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱερῆα","lemma":"ἱερεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of αἰδεῖσθαί","gloss":"priest"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγλαὰ","lemma":"ἀγλαός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄποινα","gloss":"splendid"},{"surface":"δέχθαι","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to accept"},{"surface":"ἄποινα","lemma":"ἄποινα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δέχθαι","gloss":"ransom"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"b1-l24","source":"ἀλλʼ οὐκ Ἀτρεΐδῃ Ἀγαμέμνονι ἥνδανε θυμῷ,","translation":"but this did not please the heart of Atreus' son Agamemnon,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l24.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but","note":"This ἀλλ' completes the μέν...ἀλλά contrast begun at line 22: the whole army agreed, but Agamemnon's heart alone refused — the single dissent that starts the poem's plot."},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδῃ","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνονι","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνονι","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἥνδανε","gloss":"Agamemnon"},{"surface":"ἥνδανε","lemma":"ἁνδάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pleased"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἥνδανε","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"b1-l25","source":"ἀλλὰ κακῶς ἀφίει, κρατερὸν δʼ ἐπὶ μῦθον ἔτελλε·","translation":"and he sent him away harshly, laying on him a stern command:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l25.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κακῶς","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀφίει","gloss":"harshly"},{"surface":"ἀφίει","lemma":"ἀφίημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent away"},{"surface":"κρατερὸν","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μῦθον","gloss":"stern"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon","note":"ἐπὶ...ἔτελλε is split across the line (tmesis) from a single compound verb ἐπιτέλλω, \"to lay a command upon someone\" — the preposition and verb were still felt as separable in Homeric Greek."},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔτελλε","gloss":"command"},{"surface":"ἔτελλε","lemma":"τέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"laid on"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"b1-l26","source":"μή σε γέρον κοίλῃσιν ἐγὼ παρὰ νηυσὶ κιχείω","translation":"\"Let me not find you, old man, beside the hollow ships,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l26.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"μή ... κιχείω","title":"Prohibitive subjunctive","body":"μή with the aorist subjunctive κιχείω, \"let me not find,\" is the regular Greek way to voice a forceful prohibition or threat, sharper and more menacing than a simple future statement."}],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of κιχείω","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γέρον","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"old man","note":"γέρον, \"old man,\" is Agamemnon's address to Chryses — brusque and disrespectful given that Chryses is a priest making a sacred plea."},{"surface":"κοίλῃσιν","lemma":"κοῖλος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶ","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κιχείω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"κιχείω","lemma":"κιχάνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"find"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"b1-l27","source":"ἢ νῦν δηθύνοντʼ ἢ ὕστερον αὖτις ἰόντα,","translation":"either lingering now or coming back hereafter,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l27.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δηθύνοντ̓","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δηθύνοντ","lemma":"δηθύνω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"lingering"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ὕστερον","lemma":"ὕστερος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἰόντα","gloss":"hereafter"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰόντα","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἰόντα","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"coming"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"b1-l28","source":"μή νύ τοι οὐ χραίσμῃ σκῆπτρον καὶ στέμμα θεοῖο·","translation":"lest your staff and the wreath of the god not protect you.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l28.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to χραίσμῃ","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of χραίσμῃ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"χραίσμῃ","lemma":"χραισμέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μή","gloss":"protect"},{"surface":"σκῆπτρον","lemma":"σκῆπτρον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"staff"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στέμμα","lemma":"στέμμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"wreath","note":"Agamemnon threatens to disregard the very symbols — staff and wreath — that mark Chryses as protected by Apollo, the impiety that triggers the plague."},{"surface":"θεοῖο","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies στέμμα","gloss":"of the god"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"b1-l29","source":"τὴν δʼ ἐγὼ οὐ λύσω· πρίν μιν καὶ γῆρας ἔπεισιν","translation":"Her I will not free. Old age will come upon her first,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l29.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of λύσω","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of λύσω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"λύσω","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will free"},{"surface":"πρίν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔπεισιν","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἔπεισιν","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"γῆρας","lemma":"γῆρας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔπεισιν","gloss":"old age"},{"surface":"ἔπεισιν","lemma":"ἔπειμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will come upon"}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"b1-l30","source":"ἡμετέρῳ ἐνὶ οἴκῳ ἐν Ἄργεϊ τηλόθι πάτρης","translation":"in our house, in Argos, far from her fatherland,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l30.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμετέρῳ","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἴκῳ","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"οἴκῳ","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Ἄργεϊ","lemma":"Ἄργος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"Argos"},{"surface":"τηλόθι","lemma":"τηλόθι","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"far from"},{"surface":"πάτρης","lemma":"πάτρη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to τηλόθι","gloss":"her fatherland"}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"b1-l31","source":"ἱστὸν ἐποιχομένην καὶ ἐμὸν λέχος ἀντιόωσαν·","translation":"working the loom and sharing my bed.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l31.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἱστὸν","lemma":"ἱστός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐποιχομένην","gloss":"the loom"},{"surface":"ἐποιχομένην","lemma":"ἐποίχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"working"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐμὸν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies λέχος","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"λέχος","lemma":"λέχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀντιόωσαν","gloss":"bed"},{"surface":"ἀντιόωσαν","lemma":"ἀντιάω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"sharing"}]},{"number":32,"label":"32","id":"b1-l32","source":"ἀλλʼ ἴθι μή μʼ ἐρέθιζε σαώτερος ὥς κε νέηαι.","translation":"Go now, do not provoke me, if you would go home the safer.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l32.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἴθι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐρέθιζε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἐρέθιζε","lemma":"ἐρεθίζω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"provoke"},{"surface":"σαώτερος","lemma":"σῶς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"safer","note":"σαώτερος, a comparative of σῶς (\"safe\"), turns Agamemnon's dismissal into a veiled threat: go now, while you can still leave safer than you might."},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"νέηαι","lemma":"νέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὥς","gloss":"go home"}]},{"number":33,"label":"33","id":"b1-l33","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, ἔδεισεν δʼ ὃ γέρων καὶ ἐπείθετο μύθῳ·","translation":"So he spoke, and the old man was afraid and obeyed his word;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l33.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ἔδεισεν","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was afraid"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies γέρων","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"old man","note":"γέρων, \"old man,\" names Chryses by his age and status — the very word Agamemnon himself flung at him with contempt a few lines earlier."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπείθετο","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"obeyed"},{"surface":"μύθῳ","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπείθετο","gloss":"his word"}]},{"number":34,"label":"34","id":"b1-l34","source":"βῆ δʼ ἀκέων παρὰ θῖνα πολυφλοίσβοιο θαλάσσης·","translation":"he went in silence along the shore of the loud-roaring sea.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l34.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he went"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἀκέων","lemma":"ἀκέων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"in silence"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"θῖνα","lemma":"θίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of παρὰ","gloss":"the shore"},{"surface":"πολυφλοίσβοιο","lemma":"πολύφλοισβος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies θαλάσσης","gloss":"loud-roaring"},{"surface":"θαλάσσης","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies θῖνα","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":35,"label":"35","id":"b1-l35","source":"πολλὰ δʼ ἔπειτʼ ἀπάνευθε κιὼν ἠρᾶθʼ ὁ γεραιὸς","translation":"And going apart, the old man prayed fervently","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l35.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἠρᾶθ̓","gloss":"fervently"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠρᾶθ̓","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀπάνευθε","lemma":"ἀπάνευθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of κιὼν","gloss":"apart"},{"surface":"κιὼν","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἠρᾶθ̓","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"ἠρᾶθ","lemma":"ἀράομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"prayed"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies γεραιὸς","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"γεραιὸς","lemma":"γεραιός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἠρᾶθ̓","gloss":"old man"}]},{"number":36,"label":"36","id":"b1-l36","source":"Ἀπόλλωνι ἄνακτι, τὸν ἠΰκομος τέκε Λητώ·","translation":"to lord Apollo, whom lovely-haired Leto bore:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l36.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀπόλλωνι","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠρᾶθ̓","gloss":"Apollo"},{"surface":"ἄνακτι","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλωνι","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τέκε","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ἠΰκομος","lemma":"εὔκομος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Λητώ","gloss":"lovely-haired"},{"surface":"τέκε","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἀπόλλωνι","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"Λητώ","lemma":"Λητώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τέκε","gloss":"Leto"}]},{"number":37,"label":"37","id":"b1-l37","source":"κλῦθί μευ ἀργυρότοξʼ, ὃς Χρύσην ἀμφιβέβηκας","translation":"\"Hear me, god of the silver bow, who stand guard over Chryse","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l37.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Χρύσην","title":"Chryse the town, not Chryses the priest","body":"Χρύσην here is accusative of Χρύση, the town sacred to Apollo — spelled identically to the priest's name Χρύσης in the nominative. The two are distinct: Chryses is the man, Chryse is his city."}],"words":[{"surface":"κλῦθί","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hear"},{"surface":"μευ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κλῦθί","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἀργυρότοξ","lemma":"ἀργυρότοξος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"god of the silver bow","note":"ἀργυρότοξ(ε) is a vocative epithet standing alone for an implied \"Apollo\" — Chryses addresses the god by his signature weapon rather than his name."},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"Χρύσην","lemma":"Χρύση","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Chryse"},{"surface":"ἀμφιβέβηκας","lemma":"ἀμφιβαίνω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τε","gloss":"stand guard over"}]},{"number":38,"label":"38","id":"b1-l38","source":"Κίλλαν τε ζαθέην Τενέδοιό τε ἶφι ἀνάσσεις,","translation":"and holy Cilla, and rule Tenedos with your might,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l38.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Κίλλαν","lemma":"Κίλλα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Cilla"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ζαθέην","lemma":"ζάθεος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Κίλλάν","gloss":"holy"},{"surface":"Τενέδοιό","lemma":"Τένεδος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀνάσσεις","gloss":"Tenedos"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἶφι","lemma":"ἶφι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνάσσεις","gloss":"with might"},{"surface":"ἀνάσσεις","lemma":"ἀνάσσω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τε","gloss":"rule"}]},{"number":39,"label":"39","id":"b1-l39","source":"Σμινθεῦ εἴ ποτέ τοι χαρίεντʼ ἐπὶ νηὸν ἔρεψα,","translation":"Smintheus — if ever I roofed a temple pleasing to you,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l39.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Σμινθεῦ","lemma":"Σμινθεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Smintheus"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"ποτέ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἔρεψα","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἔρεψα","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"χαρίεντ","lemma":"χαρίεις","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies νηὸν","gloss":"pleasing"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"ἐπὶ...ἔρεψα is a single compound verb, ἐπερέφω (\"to roof over\"), split by tmesis — the preposition and verb were still felt as separable in Homeric Greek."},{"surface":"νηὸν","lemma":"ναός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔρεψα","gloss":"temple"},{"surface":"ἔρεψα","lemma":"ἐρέφω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"roofed"}]},{"number":40,"label":"40","id":"b1-l40","source":"ἢ εἰ δή ποτέ τοι κατὰ πίονα μηρίʼ ἔκηα","translation":"or if ever I burned for you the fat thighs","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l40.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ποτέ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἔκηα","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἔκηα","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"κατὰ...ἔκηα is another split compound, κατακαίω (\"to burn up\"), the same tmesis pattern as ἐπερέφω the line above."},{"surface":"πίονα","lemma":"πίων","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μηρί̓","gloss":"fat"},{"surface":"μηρί","lemma":"μηρία","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔκηα","gloss":"thighs"},{"surface":"ἔκηα","lemma":"καίω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"burned"}]},{"number":41,"label":"41","id":"b1-l41","source":"ταύρων ἠδʼ αἰγῶν, τὸ δέ μοι κρήηνον ἐέλδωρ·","translation":"of bulls and goats, grant me this desire:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l41.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ταύρων","lemma":"ταῦρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἠδ̓","gloss":"of bulls"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰγῶν","lemma":"αἴξ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἠδ̓","gloss":"of goats"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἐέλδωρ","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κρήηνον","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"κρήηνον","lemma":"κραίνω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grant"},{"surface":"ἐέλδωρ","lemma":"ἔλδωρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κρήηνον","gloss":"desire"}]},{"number":42,"label":"42","id":"b1-l42","source":"τίσειαν Δαναοὶ ἐμὰ δάκρυα σοῖσι βέλεσσιν.","translation":"let the Danaans pay for my tears with your arrows.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l42.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τίσειαν","lemma":"τίνω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let...pay"},{"surface":"Δαναοὶ","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τίσειαν","gloss":"the Danaans"},{"surface":"ἐμὰ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δάκρυα","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"δάκρυα","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τίσειαν","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"σοῖσι","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies βέλεσσιν","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"βέλεσσιν","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to τίσειαν","gloss":"arrows"}]},{"number":43,"label":"43","id":"b1-l43","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ εὐχόμενος, τοῦ δʼ ἔκλυε Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων,","translation":"So he spoke in prayer, and Phoebus Apollo heard him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l43.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Φοῖβος","title":"Phoebus: the bright one","body":"Φοῖβος, \"bright, radiant,\" is Apollo's standing byname, tied to his association with light. It functions almost as a second name, paired with \"Apollo\" as a fixed unit."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"εὐχόμενος","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"praying"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔκλυε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔκλυε","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"Φοῖβος","lemma":"Φοῖβος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"Phoebus","note":"Chryses' prayer is answered by name: \"Phoebus Apollo\" is given in full just as the god the prayer named — ἀργυρότοξ(ε), Σμινθεῦ — becomes an active character."},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔκλυε","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":44,"label":"44","id":"b1-l44","source":"βῆ δὲ κατʼ Οὐλύμποιο καρήνων χωόμενος κῆρ,","translation":"and came down from the peaks of Olympus, enraged at heart,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l44.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came down"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Οὐλύμποιο","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies καρήνων","gloss":"Olympus"},{"surface":"καρήνων","lemma":"κάρηνον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of κατ̓","gloss":"peaks"},{"surface":"χωόμενος","lemma":"χώομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"enraged","note":"χωόμενος, \"enraged,\" is the same root that will describe Achilles' own wrath later in the book — divine and mortal anger are cut from the same vocabulary."},{"surface":"κῆρ","lemma":"κῆρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of χωόμενος","gloss":"at heart"}]},{"number":45,"label":"45","id":"b1-l45","source":"τόξʼ ὤμοισιν ἔχων ἀμφηρεφέα τε φαρέτρην·","translation":"with his bow upon his shoulders, and his covered quiver;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l45.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόξ","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"bow"},{"surface":"ὤμοισιν","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχων","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"carrying"},{"surface":"ἀμφηρεφέα","lemma":"ἀμφηρεφής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies φαρέτρην","gloss":"covered"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φαρέτρην","lemma":"φαρέτρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"quiver"}]},{"number":46,"label":"46","id":"b1-l46","source":"ἔκλαγξαν δʼ ἄρʼ ὀϊστοὶ ἐπʼ ὤμων χωομένοιο,","translation":"the arrows clashed upon the shoulders of the raging god","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l46.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔκλαγξαν","lemma":"κλάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"clashed"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὀϊστοὶ","lemma":"ὀιστός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔκλαγξαν","gloss":"the arrows"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ὤμων","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"χωομένοιο","lemma":"χώομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifies ὤμων","gloss":"of the raging god","note":"The arrows clatter on Apollo's own back as he strides — a menacing sound-effect that announces the plague's arrival before any victim is named."}]},{"number":47,"label":"47","id":"b1-l47","source":"αὐτοῦ κινηθέντος· ὃ δʼ ἤϊε νυκτὶ ἐοικώς.","translation":"as he moved; and on he came, like night.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l47.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of κινηθέντος","gloss":"as he"},{"surface":"κινηθέντος","lemma":"κινέω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔκλαγξαν","gloss":"moved"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἤϊε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤϊε","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"νυκτὶ","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐοικώς","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"ἐοικώς","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤϊε","gloss":"like","note":"\"Like night\" is one of the Iliad's earliest similes — Apollo's silent, all-covering approach compared to nightfall, before the poem has even shown its first battle."}]},{"number":48,"label":"48","id":"b1-l48","source":"ἕζετʼ ἔπειτʼ ἀπάνευθε νεῶν, μετὰ δʼ ἰὸν ἕηκε·","translation":"Then he sat down apart from the ships and let fly an arrow;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l48.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕζετ","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat down"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕζετ̓","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀπάνευθε","lemma":"ἀπάνευθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"apart from"},{"surface":"νεῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπάνευθε","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"μετὰ...ἕηκε is a third split compound in this passage, μεθίημι (\"to let fly, release\") — tmesis of arrow, bow, and plague verbs runs through the whole scene."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰὸν","lemma":"ἰός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕηκε","gloss":"an arrow"},{"surface":"ἕηκε","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let fly"}]},{"number":49,"label":"49","id":"b1-l49","source":"δεινὴ δὲ κλαγγὴ γένετʼ ἀργυρέοιο βιοῖο·","translation":"terrible was the twang that rose from his silver bow.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l49.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεινὴ","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κλαγγὴ","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"κλαγγὴ","lemma":"κλαγγή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of γένετ̓","gloss":"twang","note":"κλαγγή is an onomatopoeic word for a sharp clanging or twanging sound, used here of the bowstring and later of birds' cries — Homer reaches for it whenever a noise needs to sound ominous."},{"surface":"γένετ","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"ἀργυρέοιο","lemma":"ἀργύρεος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies βιοῖο","gloss":"silver"},{"surface":"βιοῖο","lemma":"βιός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κλαγγὴ","gloss":"bow"}]},{"number":50,"label":"50","id":"b1-l50","source":"οὐρῆας μὲν πρῶτον ἐπῴχετο καὶ κύνας ἀργούς,","translation":"First he went after the mules and the swift dogs,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l50.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐρῆας","lemma":"ὀρεύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"mules"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand","note":"This μέν is answered by αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα, \"but then,\" in the very next line: first the animals are struck, then the men themselves."},{"surface":"πρῶτον","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπῴχετο","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ἐπῴχετο","lemma":"ἐποίχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went after"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κύνας","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"ἀργούς","lemma":"ἀργός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κύνας","gloss":"swift"}]},{"number":51,"label":"51","id":"b1-l51","source":"αὐτὰρ ἔπειτʼ αὐτοῖσι βέλος ἐχεπευκὲς ἐφιεὶς","translation":"but then, aiming his sharp arrow at the men themselves,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l51.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βάλλ̓","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὐτοῖσι","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐφιεὶς","gloss":"at the men themselves"},{"surface":"βέλος","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐφιεὶς","gloss":"arrow"},{"surface":"ἐχεπευκὲς","lemma":"ἐχεπευκής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies βέλος","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"ἐφιεὶς","lemma":"ἐφίημι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βάλλ̓","gloss":"aiming"}]},{"number":52,"label":"52","id":"b1-l52","source":"βάλλʼ· αἰεὶ δὲ πυραὶ νεκύων καίοντο θαμειαί.","translation":"he struck; and the pyres of the dead burned thick without ceasing.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l52.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βάλλ","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he struck"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καίοντο","gloss":"without ceasing"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πυραὶ","lemma":"πυρή","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of καίοντο","gloss":"pyres"},{"surface":"νεκύων","lemma":"νέκυς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies πυραὶ","gloss":"of the dead"},{"surface":"καίοντο","lemma":"καίω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"burned"},{"surface":"θαμειαί","lemma":"θαμέες","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"thick"}]},{"number":53,"label":"53","id":"b1-l53","source":"ἐννῆμαρ μὲν ἀνὰ στρατὸν ᾤχετο κῆλα θεοῖο,","translation":"For nine days the shafts of the god went among the army,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l53.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐννῆμαρ","lemma":"ἐννῆμαρ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ᾤχετο","gloss":"for nine days"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand","note":"Nine days of plague, resolved on the tenth (τῇ δεκάτῃ, next line) — the traditional epic count-up, the same nine-then-one pattern used elsewhere in Homer for a crisis reaching its turning point."},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"στρατὸν","lemma":"στρατός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνὰ","gloss":"the army"},{"surface":"ᾤχετο","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"κῆλα","lemma":"κῆλον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ᾤχετο","gloss":"shafts"},{"surface":"θεοῖο","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κῆλα","gloss":"of the god"}]},{"number":54,"label":"54","id":"b1-l54","source":"τῇ δεκάτῃ δʼ ἀγορὴν δὲ καλέσσατο λαὸν Ἀχιλλεύς·","translation":"but on the tenth Achilles called the people to assembly;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l54.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular feminine article","role":"modifies δεκάτῃ","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δεκάτῃ","lemma":"δέκατος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to καλέσσατο","gloss":"tenth"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀγορὴν","lemma":"ἀγορά","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καλέσσατο","gloss":"to assembly","note":"This is the poem's first ἀγορή, the formal assembly — the institution through which the Achaean army will air and try to resolve the quarrel that follows."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"καλέσσατο","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"λαὸν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καλέσσατο","gloss":"the people"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καλέσσατο","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":55,"label":"55","id":"b1-l55","source":"τῷ γὰρ ἐπὶ φρεσὶ θῆκε θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη·","translation":"for the white-armed goddess Hera set it in his heart;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l55.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"λευκώλενος Ἥρη","title":"White-armed Hera","body":"λευκώλενος, \"white-armed,\" is a standing epithet of Hera distinct from the ox-eyed queenly Hera formula (βοῶπις πότνια Ἥρη) locked for the Odyssey. Homer varies Hera's epithet by metrical need; both are genuine standing forms and each is rendered the same way whenever it recurs."}],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies φρεσὶ","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"θῆκε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"λευκώλενος","lemma":"λευκώλενος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"white-armed","note":"λευκώλενος, \"white-armed,\" is Hera's standing epithet throughout Homer, as fixed to her name as \"far-shooting\" is to Apollo's."},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":56,"label":"56","id":"b1-l56","source":"κήδετο γὰρ Δαναῶν, ὅτι ῥα θνήσκοντας ὁρᾶτο.","translation":"for she cared for the Danaans, seeing them die.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l56.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κήδετο","lemma":"κήδω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cared"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Δαναῶν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of κήδετο","gloss":"the Danaans"},{"surface":"ὅτι","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because","note":"κήδετο γὰρ... ὅτι stacks two causal links — Hera acts because she cares, and she cares because she watches them dying — a chain of motive typical of Homeric narration."},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"θνήσκοντας","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"dying"},{"surface":"ὁρᾶτο","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτι","gloss":"seeing"}]},{"number":57,"label":"57","id":"b1-l57","source":"οἳ δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν ἤγερθεν ὁμηγερέες τε γένοντο,","translation":"Now when they had gathered and were all assembled,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l57.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἤγερθεν","lemma":"ἀγείρω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"had gathered"},{"surface":"ὁμηγερέες","lemma":"ὁμηγερής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"assembled"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γένοντο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"were"}]},{"number":58,"label":"58","id":"b1-l58","source":"τοῖσι δʼ ἀνιστάμενος μετέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς·","translation":"swift-footed Achilles rose among them and spoke:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l58.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς","title":"Swift-footed Achilles","body":"This is the standing epithet-name unit's first appearance in the running text of the poem (the proem used the plainer \"godlike Achilles\" instead). It recurs verbatim whenever Achilles is introduced as a speaker in this register; see also the fuller ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς, \"swift-footed godlike Achilles,\" later in this chunk."}],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of μετέφη","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνιστάμενος","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μετέφη","gloss":"rising"},{"surface":"μετέφη","lemma":"μετάφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"πόδας","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὠκὺς","gloss":"footed"},{"surface":"ὠκὺς","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"swift","note":"πόδας ὠκὺς, \"swift of foot,\" is Achilles' most frequent standing epithet in the whole poem, attached to him even in a council scene that has nothing to do with running."},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μετέφη","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":59,"label":"59","id":"b1-l59","source":"Ἀτρεΐδη νῦν ἄμμε παλιμπλαγχθέντας ὀΐω","translation":"Son of Atreus, now I think that we, driven back again,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l59.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδη","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀΐω","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἄμμε","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀπονοστήσειν","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"παλιμπλαγχθέντας","lemma":"παλιμπλάζομαι","morphology":"aorist passive participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπονοστήσειν","gloss":"driven back again"},{"surface":"ὀΐω","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I think"}]},{"number":60,"label":"60","id":"b1-l60","source":"ἂψ ἀπονοστήσειν, εἴ κεν θάνατόν γε φύγοιμεν,","translation":"shall return home, if indeed we escape death at all,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l60.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπονοστήσειν","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ἀπονοστήσειν","lemma":"ἀπονοστέω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ὀΐω","gloss":"shall return home"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"θάνατόν","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φύγοιμεν","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"φύγοιμεν","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"we escape"}]},{"number":61,"label":"61","id":"b1-l61","source":"εἰ δὴ ὁμοῦ πόλεμός τε δαμᾷ καὶ λοιμὸς Ἀχαιούς·","translation":"since war and plague together are wasting the Achaeans;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l61.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ὁμοῦ","lemma":"ὁμοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δαμᾷ","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"πόλεμός","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δαμᾷ","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"are wasting"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λοιμὸς","lemma":"λοιμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"plague"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of δαμᾷ","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":62,"label":"62","id":"b1-l62","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε δή τινα μάντιν ἐρείομεν ἢ ἱερῆα","translation":"but come, let us ask some seer or priest,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l62.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"τινα","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἢ","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"μάντιν","lemma":"μάντις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἢ","gloss":"seer"},{"surface":"ἐρείομεν","lemma":"ἐρέω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us ask"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἱερῆα","lemma":"ἱερεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἢ","gloss":"priest"}]},{"number":63,"label":"63","id":"b1-l63","source":"ἢ καὶ ὀνειροπόλον, καὶ γάρ τʼ ὄναρ ἐκ Διός ἐστιν,","translation":"or even a reader of dreams — for a dream too comes from Zeus —","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l63.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ὀνειροπόλον","lemma":"ὀνειροπόλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἢ","gloss":"a reader of dreams","note":"Dreams (ὄναρ) are treated as genuine messages sent by Zeus in Homer, on a par with omens read from birds — Achilles lists a dream-interpreter alongside seers and priests as an equally valid source of divine knowledge."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ὄναρ","lemma":"ὄναρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐστιν","gloss":"a dream"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Διός","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ἐστιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"comes"}]},{"number":64,"label":"64","id":"b1-l64","source":"ὅς κʼ εἴποι ὅ τι τόσσον ἐχώσατο Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων,","translation":"who might tell why Phoebus Apollo is so enraged,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l64.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴποι","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"εἴποι","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἢ","gloss":"might tell"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐχώσατο","gloss":"why","note":"ὅ τι, literally \"the thing which,\" is the Homeric way of asking an indirect \"why\" — the relative pronoun doing double duty as an interrogative."},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ὅ","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"τόσσον","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐχώσατο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἐχώσατο","lemma":"χώομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ,","gloss":"is enraged"},{"surface":"Φοῖβος","lemma":"Φοῖβος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"Phoebus"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐχώσατο","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":65,"label":"65","id":"b1-l65","source":"εἴτʼ ἄρʼ ὅ γʼ εὐχωλῆς ἐπιμέμφεται ἠδʼ ἑκατόμβης,","translation":"whether he finds fault with a vow or a hecatomb,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l65.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴτ","lemma":"εἴτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπιμέμφεται","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"εὐχωλῆς","lemma":"εὐχωλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἠδ̓","gloss":"a vow"},{"surface":"ἐπιμέμφεται","lemma":"ἐπιμέμφομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of εἴτ̓","gloss":"finds fault with"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἑκατόμβης","lemma":"ἑκατόμβη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἠδ̓","gloss":"a hecatomb","note":"A hecatomb (ἑκατόμβη) is literally \"a hundred oxen,\" the grandest scale of sacrifice — though by Homer's time the word could loosely mean any large formal offering."}]},{"number":66,"label":"66","id":"b1-l66","source":"αἴ κέν πως ἀρνῶν κνίσης αἰγῶν τε τελείων","translation":"if perhaps, accepting the fat-smoke of lambs and unblemished goats,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l66.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"πως","lemma":"πως","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to βούλεται","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"ἀρνῶν","lemma":"ἀρνός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"of lambs"},{"surface":"κνίσης","lemma":"κνῖσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀντιάσας","gloss":"fat-smoke","note":"κνίσα, the savory smoke and fat of burnt sacrifice, is what the gods are imagined to actually consume — accepting the κνίσα is the god's way of accepting the offering itself."},{"surface":"αἰγῶν","lemma":"αἴξ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"goats"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τελείων","lemma":"τέλειος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies αἰγῶν","gloss":"unblemished"}]},{"number":67,"label":"67","id":"b1-l67","source":"βούλεται ἀντιάσας ἡμῖν ἀπὸ λοιγὸν ἀμῦναι.","translation":"he might be willing to ward the destruction from us.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l67.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βούλεται","lemma":"βούλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"he might be willing"},{"surface":"ἀντιάσας","lemma":"ἀντιάω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βούλεται","gloss":"accepting"},{"surface":"ἡμῖν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀμῦναι","gloss":"from us"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"ἀπὸ...ἀμῦναι is a tmesis of ἀπαμύνω, \"to ward off,\" the preposition split away from its verb — the same pattern seen with ἐπερέφω and κατακαίω earlier in this book."},{"surface":"λοιγὸν","lemma":"λοιγός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμῦναι","gloss":"the destruction"},{"surface":"ἀμῦναι","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of βούλεται","gloss":"to ward"}]},{"number":68,"label":"68","id":"b1-l68","source":"ἤτοι ὅ γʼ ὣς εἰπὼν κατʼ ἄρʼ ἕζετο· τοῖσι δʼ ἀνέστη","translation":"So he spoke, and sat down; and among them rose up","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l68.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕζετο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕζετο","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"κατ'...ἕζετο is another tmesis, of κατέζομαι, \"to sit down\" — the third such split compound in this stretch of the book."},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἕζετο","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat down"},{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀνέστη","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνέστη","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose up"}]},{"number":69,"label":"69","id":"b1-l69","source":"Κάλχας Θεστορίδης οἰωνοπόλων ὄχʼ ἄριστος,","translation":"Calchas, son of Thestor, far the best of augurs,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l69.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Κάλχας","lemma":"Κάλχας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνέστη","gloss":"Calchas"},{"surface":"Θεστορίδης","lemma":"Θεστορίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Κάλχας","gloss":"son of Thestor"},{"surface":"οἰωνοπόλων","lemma":"οἰωνοπόλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄριστος","gloss":"of augurs"},{"surface":"ὄχ","lemma":"ὄχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"ἄριστος","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Κάλχας","gloss":"the best"}]},{"number":70,"label":"70","id":"b1-l70","source":"ὃς ᾔδη τά τʼ ἐόντα τά τʼ ἐσσόμενα πρό τʼ ἐόντα,","translation":"who knew what is, and what is to come, and what has been before,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l70.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"τά τʼ ἐόντα τά τʼ ἐσσόμενα πρό τʼ ἐόντα","title":"The seer's tricolon of knowledge","body":"\"The things that are, the things to come, and the things that were before\" is a fixed formula of comprehensive knowledge, applied here to a seer; Hesiod uses the same threefold structure for what the Muses grant a poet. It signals that Calchas's authority spans past, present, and future alike."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ᾔδη","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"knew","note":"τά τ' ἐόντα τά τ' ἐσσόμενα πρό τ' ἐόντα, \"what is, what will be, what was before,\" is a formulaic tricolon for total prophetic knowledge — the same three-tense sweep later used of the Muses in Hesiod's Theogony."},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifies τά","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐσσόμενα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle participle, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifies τά","gloss":"is to come"},{"surface":"πρό","lemma":"πρό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"has been"}]},{"number":71,"label":"71","id":"b1-l71","source":"καὶ νήεσσʼ ἡγήσατʼ Ἀχαιῶν Ἴλιον εἴσω","translation":"and who had guided the ships of the Achaeans into Ilion","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l71.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νήεσσ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἡγήσατ̓","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"ἡγήσατ","lemma":"ἡγέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"had guided"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νήεσσ̓","gloss":"of the Achaeans"},{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἴσω","gloss":"Ilion"},{"surface":"εἴσω","lemma":"εἴσω","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"}]},{"number":72,"label":"72","id":"b1-l72","source":"ἣν διὰ μαντοσύνην, τήν οἱ πόρε Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων·","translation":"through that art of prophecy which Phoebus Apollo gave him;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l72.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἣν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μαντοσύνην","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"μαντοσύνην","lemma":"μαντοσύνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to διὰ","gloss":"art of prophecy"},{"surface":"τήν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of πόρε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πόρε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"πόρε","lemma":"πόρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing μαντοσύνην","gloss":"gave","note":"The gift that lets Calchas see the truth — Apollo's own art of prophecy — is exactly what will force him to expose Apollo's own priest-insulter, Agamemnon; the god who empowers him is the god whose anger he must now explain."},{"surface":"Φοῖβος","lemma":"Φοῖβος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"Phoebus"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πόρε","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":73,"label":"73","id":"b1-l73","source":"ὅ σφιν ἐὺ φρονέων ἀγορήσατο καὶ μετέειπεν·","translation":"he, with good will toward them, addressed them and spoke:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l73.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"toward them"},{"surface":"ἐὺ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φρονέων","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"φρονέων","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"meaning"},{"surface":"ἀγορήσατο","lemma":"ἀγοράομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed them"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μετέειπεν","lemma":"μετεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":74,"label":"74","id":"b1-l74","source":"ὦ Ἀχιλεῦ κέλεαί με Διῒ φίλε μυθήσασθαι","translation":"\"O Achilles, dear to Zeus, you bid me tell","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l74.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλεῦ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"κέλεαί","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you bid"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μυθήσασθαι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"Διῒ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies φίλε","gloss":"to Zeus"},{"surface":"φίλε","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"μυθήσασθαι","lemma":"μυθέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of κέλεαί","gloss":"tell"}]},{"number":75,"label":"75","id":"b1-l75","source":"μῆνιν Ἀπόλλωνος ἑκατηβελέταο ἄνακτος·","translation":"the wrath of far-shooting Apollo, the lord;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l75.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μῆνιν Ἀπόλλωνος","title":"μῆνις returns, now on a god","body":"The poem's opening word, μῆνις, recurs here applied to Apollo rather than Achilles — a reminder that this towering wrath is not exclusively human; the gods too can hold it, and it is Apollo's μῆνις that has been killing the Achaeans for nine days."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἑκατηβελέταο","title":"A third \"far-shooting\" epithet","body":"ἑκατηβελέτης is a metrical variant synonymous with ἑκηβόλος (both built on the idea of striking from afar), and is rendered the same way, \"far-shooting.\" It is a different word from ἑκάεργος, \"far-working\" (locked as \"the far-worker\" elsewhere in this chunk) — that word shares the far-off sense but is built on ἔργον, \"work,\" not on shooting/striking, so it keeps its own distinct English rendering."}],"words":[{"surface":"μῆνιν","lemma":"μῆνις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of μυθήσασθαι","gloss":"wrath","note":"μῆνιν here is the very word that opens the whole poem (Iliad 1.1) — Apollo's wrath against the army is named with the same word as Achilles' wrath against Agamemnon, the poem's true subject."},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλωνος","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"of Apollo"},{"surface":"ἑκατηβελέταο","lemma":"ἑκατηβελέτης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄνακτος","gloss":"far-shooting"},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"the lord"}]},{"number":76,"label":"76","id":"b1-l76","source":"τοὶ γὰρ ἐγὼν ἐρέω· σὺ δὲ σύνθεο καί μοι ὄμοσσον","translation":"that I will tell you; but listen, and swear to me","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l76.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐρέω","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐρέω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἐρέω","lemma":"ἐρῶ","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will tell"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of καί","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σύνθεο","lemma":"συντίθημι","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"listen"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὄμοσσον","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ὄμοσσον","lemma":"ὄμνυμι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"swear","note":"Calchas demands an oath of protection before he will speak — he already knows his answer will name Agamemnon, and wants Achilles bound to defend him before the king's fury falls."}]},{"number":77,"label":"77","id":"b1-l77","source":"ἦ μέν μοι πρόφρων ἔπεσιν καὶ χερσὶν ἀρήξειν·","translation":"that you will stand by me eagerly, with words and with hands;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l77.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely","note":"ἦ μέν together form a Homeric oath-formula, \"truly, surely\" — this μέν is not the correlative \"on the one hand\" but part of a fixed asseverative phrase used when swearing or promising."},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀρήξειν","gloss":"by me"},{"surface":"πρόφρων","lemma":"πρόφρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"eagerly"},{"surface":"ἔπεσιν","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"with words"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"with hands"},{"surface":"ἀρήξειν","lemma":"ἀρήγω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ὄμοσσον","gloss":"stand by"}]},{"number":78,"label":"78","id":"b1-l78","source":"ἦ γὰρ ὀΐομαι ἄνδρα χολωσέμεν, ὃς μέγα πάντων","translation":"for I think I shall anger a man who greatly","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l78.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ὀΐομαι","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I think"},{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of χολωσέμεν","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"χολωσέμεν","lemma":"χολόω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ὀΐομαι","gloss":"I shall anger"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κρατέει","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to κρατέει","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀργείων","gloss":"of all"}]},{"number":79,"label":"79","id":"b1-l79","source":"Ἀργείων κρατέει καί οἱ πείθονται Ἀχαιοί·","translation":"rules over the Argives, and whom the Achaeans obey;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l79.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργείων","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of κρατέει","gloss":"the Argives"},{"surface":"κρατέει","lemma":"κρατέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καί","gloss":"rules over"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πείθονται","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"πείθονται","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καί","gloss":"obey"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of πείθονται","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":80,"label":"80","id":"b1-l80","source":"κρείσσων γὰρ βασιλεὺς ὅτε χώσεται ἀνδρὶ χέρηϊ·","translation":"for a king is stronger than a lesser man, when he is angry;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l80.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κρείσσων","lemma":"κρείσσων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"stronger"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"βασιλεὺς","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"a king"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"χώσεται","lemma":"χώομαι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"is angry"},{"surface":"ἀνδρὶ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of χώσεται","gloss":"than a man"},{"surface":"χέρηϊ","lemma":"χερείων","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρὶ","gloss":"lesser"}]},{"number":81,"label":"81","id":"b1-l81","source":"εἴ περ γάρ τε χόλον γε καὶ αὐτῆμαρ καταπέψῃ,","translation":"even if he swallows his anger down that very day,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l81.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even","note":"εἴ περ...καί, \"even if... also,\" is a standard Homeric concessive idiom for granting a point while insisting the real difficulty remains — here, that a king's anger cools today but not permanently."},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"χόλον","lemma":"χόλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καταπέψῃ","gloss":"anger"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"αὐτῆμαρ","lemma":"αὐτῆμαρ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καταπέψῃ","gloss":"that very day"},{"surface":"καταπέψῃ","lemma":"καταπέσσω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"swallows down"}]},{"number":82,"label":"82","id":"b1-l82","source":"ἀλλά τε καὶ μετόπισθεν ἔχει κότον, ὄφρα τελέσσῃ,","translation":"still afterward he keeps the grudge, until he pays it,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l82.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"μετόπισθεν","lemma":"μετόπισθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχει","gloss":"afterward"},{"surface":"ἔχει","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"keeps"},{"surface":"κότον","lemma":"κότος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχει","gloss":"the grudge","note":"κότος is a colder, longer-lasting resentment than the χόλος (\"anger\") of the line before — Calchas distinguishes the flash of temper a king swallows today from the grudge he nurses afterward."},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"τελέσσῃ","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"he pays it"}]},{"number":83,"label":"83","id":"b1-l83","source":"ἐν στήθεσσιν ἑοῖσι· σὺ δὲ φράσαι εἴ με σαώσεις.","translation":"deep in his own breast; consider, then, whether you will save me.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l83.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσιν","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"ἑοῖσι","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies στήθεσσιν","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of φράσαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"φράσαι","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"consider"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of σαώσεις","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"σαώσεις","lemma":"σώζω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of εἴ","gloss":"you will save"}]},{"number":84,"label":"84","id":"b1-l84","source":"τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς·","translation":"Then swift-footed Achilles answered him and said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l84.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη","title":"Speech-formula: \"answered him and said\"","body":"This whole-line formula (\"him then, answering, X spoke to\") introduces a reply with the speaker's name and epithet. It is rendered \"Then [name] answered him and said:\" every time it recurs, kept distinct from the shorter τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα formula (\"Then [name] answered him:\"), which appears later in this chunk — Homer treats the two as metrically interchangeable, but our English holds each to its own fixed wording."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"πόδας","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὠκὺς","gloss":"footed"},{"surface":"ὠκὺς","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":85,"label":"85","id":"b1-l85","source":"θαρσήσας μάλα εἰπὲ θεοπρόπιον ὅ τι οἶσθα·","translation":"\"Take heart, and speak out whatever prophecy you know;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l85.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θαρσήσας","lemma":"θαρσέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἰπὲ","gloss":"take heart"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θαρσήσας","gloss":"boldly"},{"surface":"εἰπὲ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"speak out"},{"surface":"θεοπρόπιον","lemma":"θεοπρόπιον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἰπὲ","gloss":"prophecy"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of οἶσθα","gloss":"whatever"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ὅ","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"οἶσθα","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing θεοπρόπιον","gloss":"you know"}]},{"number":86,"label":"86","id":"b1-l86","source":"οὐ μὰ γὰρ Ἀπόλλωνα Διῒ φίλον, ᾧ τε σὺ Κάλχαν","translation":"for by Apollo, beloved of Zeus, to whom you, Calchas,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l86.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"μὰ","lemma":"μά","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"by","note":"οὐ μὰ...Ἀπόλλωνα, \"no, by Apollo...,\" is a standard Homeric oath formula — Achilles swears by the very god whose anger is at issue before he even lets Calchas speak."},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλωνα","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Apollo"},{"surface":"Διῒ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies φίλον","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλωνα","gloss":"beloved"},{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εὐχόμενος","gloss":"to whom"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἀναφαίνεις","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"Κάλχαν","lemma":"Κάλχας","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Calchas"}]},{"number":87,"label":"87","id":"b1-l87","source":"εὐχόμενος Δαναοῖσι θεοπροπίας ἀναφαίνεις,","translation":"pray, and to the Danaans make known his prophecies,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l87.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὐχόμενος","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀναφαίνεις","gloss":"pray"},{"surface":"Δαναοῖσι","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀναφαίνεις","gloss":"to the Danaans"},{"surface":"θεοπροπίας","lemma":"θεοπροπία","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀναφαίνεις","gloss":"his prophecies"},{"surface":"ἀναφαίνεις","lemma":"ἀναφαίνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἀπόλλωνα","gloss":"make known"}]},{"number":88,"label":"88","id":"b1-l88","source":"οὔ τις ἐμεῦ ζῶντος καὶ ἐπὶ χθονὶ δερκομένοιο","translation":"no man, while I live and see the light upon this earth,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l88.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐποίσει","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἐμεῦ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ζῶντος","lemma":"ζάω","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"live"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"χθονὶ","lemma":"χθών","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"δερκομένοιο","lemma":"δέρκομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"see the light"}]},{"number":89,"label":"89","id":"b1-l89","source":"σοὶ κοίλῃς παρὰ νηυσί βαρείας χεῖρας ἐποίσει","translation":"shall lay heavy hands on you beside the hollow ships,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l89.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐποίσει","gloss":"on you"},{"surface":"κοίλῃς","lemma":"κοῖλος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσί","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηυσί","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"βαρείας","lemma":"βαρύς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χεῖρας","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐποίσει","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἐποίσει","lemma":"ἐπιφέρω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall lay"}]},{"number":90,"label":"90","id":"b1-l90","source":"συμπάντων Δαναῶν, οὐδʼ ἢν Ἀγαμέμνονα εἴπῃς,","translation":"of all the Danaans — not even if you name Agamemnon,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l90.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"συμπάντων","lemma":"σύμπας","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Δαναῶν","gloss":"of all"},{"surface":"Δαναῶν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"the Danaans"},{"surface":"ἢν","lemma":"ἐάν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνονα","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἴπῃς","gloss":"Agamemnon"},{"surface":"εἴπῃς","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἢν","gloss":"you name"}]},{"number":91,"label":"91","id":"b1-l91","source":"ὃς νῦν πολλὸν ἄριστος Ἀχαιῶν εὔχεται εἶναι.","translation":"who now boasts he is far the best of the Achaeans.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l91.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εὔχεται","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εὔχεται","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"πολλὸν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"ἄριστος","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"the best"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄριστος","gloss":"of the Achaeans"},{"surface":"εὔχεται","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἀγαμέμνονα","gloss":"boasts"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of εὔχεται","gloss":"he is"}]},{"number":92,"label":"92","id":"b1-l92","source":"καὶ τότε δὴ θάρσησε καὶ ηὔδα μάντις ἀμύμων·","translation":"Then indeed the blameless seer took heart and spoke:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l92.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μάντις ἀμύμων","title":"\"Blameless\" as generic praise","body":"ἀμύμων, \"blameless\" or \"excellent,\" is a common Homeric epithet applied to many admirable figures, not a formula unique to Calchas; it marks his good standing rather than describing any particular deed."}],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"θάρσησε","lemma":"θαρσέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took heart"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"μάντις","lemma":"μάντις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"seer"},{"surface":"ἀμύμων","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μάντις","gloss":"blameless","note":"μάντις ἀμύμων, \"blameless seer,\" is the narrator's own judgment of Calchas — set right before Agamemnon calls him \"seer of evils\" a few lines later, the poem quietly sides against the king."}]},{"number":93,"label":"93","id":"b1-l93","source":"οὔ τʼ ἄρ ὅ γʼ εὐχωλῆς ἐπιμέμφεται οὐδʼ ἑκατόμβης,","translation":"\"He does not fault us, then, for a vow or a hecatomb,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l93.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"does not"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπιμέμφεται","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"εὐχωλῆς","lemma":"εὐχωλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"a vow"},{"surface":"ἐπιμέμφεται","lemma":"ἐπιμέμφομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fault us"},{"surface":"ἑκατόμβης","lemma":"ἑκατόμβη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"a hecatomb"}]},{"number":94,"label":"94","id":"b1-l94","source":"ἀλλʼ ἕνεκʼ ἀρητῆρος ὃν ἠτίμησʼ Ἀγαμέμνων,","translation":"but for the priest, whom Agamemnon dishonored,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l94.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἕνεκ","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἀρητῆρος","lemma":"ἀρητήρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἕνεκ̓","gloss":"the priest"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠτίμησ̓","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ἠτίμησ","lemma":"ἀτιμάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"dishonored"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":95,"label":"95","id":"b1-l95","source":"οὐδʼ ἀπέλυσε θύγατρα καὶ οὐκ ἀπεδέξατʼ ἄποινα,","translation":"and did not free his daughter, and did not take the ransom —","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l95.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀπέλυσε","lemma":"ἀπολύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"did not free"},{"surface":"θύγατρα","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπέλυσε","gloss":"his daughter"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"did not"},{"surface":"ἀπεδέξατ","lemma":"ἀποδέχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"take"},{"surface":"ἄποινα","lemma":"ἄποινα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπεδέξατ̓","gloss":"the ransom"}]},{"number":96,"label":"96","id":"b1-l96","source":"τοὔνεκʼ ἄρʼ ἄλγεʼ ἔδωκεν ἑκηβόλος ἠδʼ ἔτι δώσει·","translation":"for this the far-shooter has given us pains, and will give more still;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l96.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὔνεκ","lemma":"τοὔνεκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠδ̓","gloss":"for this"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄλγε","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἠδ̓","gloss":"pains"},{"surface":"ἔδωκεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has given"},{"surface":"ἑκηβόλος","lemma":"ἑκηβόλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἠδ̓","gloss":"the far-shooter"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δώσει","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"δώσει","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will give more"}]},{"number":97,"label":"97","id":"b1-l97","source":"οὐδʼ ὅ γε πρὶν Δαναοῖσιν ἀεικέα λοιγὸν ἀπώσει","translation":"nor will he ward off shameful ruin from the Danaans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l97.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀπώσει","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπώσει","gloss":"before","note":"πρὶν here answers the second πρίν that opens the very next line — \"nor will he ward off ruin... before we give her back\": a single sentence split across two lines by the correlative."},{"surface":"Δαναοῖσιν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπώσει","gloss":"from the Danaans"},{"surface":"ἀεικέα","lemma":"ἀεικής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λοιγὸν","gloss":"shameful"},{"surface":"λοιγὸν","lemma":"λοιγός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπώσει","gloss":"ruin"},{"surface":"ἀπώσει","lemma":"ἀπωθέω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will ward off"}]},{"number":98,"label":"98","id":"b1-l98","source":"πρίν γʼ ἀπὸ πατρὶ φίλῳ δόμεναι ἑλικώπιδα κούρην","translation":"until we give back to her dear father the bright-eyed girl,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l98.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρίν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"back","note":"ἀπὸ...δόμεναι is a tmesis of ἀποδίδωμι, \"to give back\" — the same split-compound pattern seen repeatedly across this book (ἐπερέφω, κατακαίω, ἀπαμύνω, κατέζομαι)."},{"surface":"πατρὶ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δόμεναι","gloss":"to her father"},{"surface":"φίλῳ","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατρὶ","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"δόμεναι","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to θ̓","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"ἑλικώπιδα","lemma":"ἑλικῶπις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κούρην","gloss":"bright-eyed"},{"surface":"κούρην","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δόμεναι","gloss":"the girl"}]},{"number":99,"label":"99","id":"b1-l99","source":"ἀπριάτην ἀνάποινον, ἄγειν θʼ ἱερὴν ἑκατόμβην","translation":"unbought and unransomed, and lead a holy hecatomb","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l99.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀπριάτην","lemma":"ἀπρίατος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unbought"},{"surface":"ἀνάποινον","lemma":"ἀνάποινος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unransomed"},{"surface":"ἄγειν","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to θ̓","gloss":"lead"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱερὴν","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἑκατόμβην","gloss":"holy"},{"surface":"ἑκατόμβην","lemma":"ἑκατόμβη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἄγειν","gloss":"hecatomb"}]},{"number":100,"label":"100","id":"b1-l100","source":"ἐς Χρύσην· τότε κέν μιν ἱλασσάμενοι πεπίθοιμεν.","translation":"to Chryse; then, appeasing him, we might win him over.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l100.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Χρύσην","lemma":"Χρύση","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Chryse"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πεπίθοιμεν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πεπίθοιμεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἱλασσάμενοι","lemma":"ἱλάομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to πεπίθοιμεν","gloss":"appeasing"},{"surface":"πεπίθοιμεν","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we might win over"}]},{"number":101,"label":"101","id":"b1-l101","source":"ἤτοι ὅ γʼ ὣς εἰπὼν κατʼ ἄρʼ ἕζετο· τοῖσι δʼ ἀνέστη","translation":"So he spoke, and sat down; and among them rose up","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l101.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕζετο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕζετο","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἕζετο","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat down"},{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀνέστη","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνέστη","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose up","note":"This is the identical formulaic line used earlier when Calchas sat and Achilles rose (1.68) — the same sit-then-rise gesture now marks Agamemnon taking his turn to speak."}]},{"number":102,"label":"102","id":"b1-l102","source":"ἥρως Ἀτρεΐδης εὐρὺ κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων","translation":"the hero, son of Atreus, the wide-ruling lord Agamemnon,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l102.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"εὐρὺ κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων","title":"Locking Agamemnon's ruling epithets","body":"εὐρὺ κρείων, \"widely powerful\" or \"wide-ruling,\" is a fuller epithet than the bare κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων that appears later in this chunk. We render εὐρὺ κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων as \"the wide-ruling lord Agamemnon\" and the bare κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων as \"the lord Agamemnon,\" reserving \"Agamemnon, lord of men\" strictly for ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων — three distinct Greek phrases, three distinct fixed renderings."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἥρως","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"the hero"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδης","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"εὐρὺ","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"wide"},{"surface":"κρείων","lemma":"κρείων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"ruling lord"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνέστη","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":103,"label":"103","id":"b1-l103","source":"ἀχνύμενος· μένεος δὲ μέγα φρένες ἀμφιμέλαιναι","translation":"grieving; his dark heart within was filled full","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l103.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀχνύμενος","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"present passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀνέστη","gloss":"grieving"},{"surface":"μένεος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of πίμπλαντ̓","gloss":"with rage"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to πίμπλαντ̓","gloss":"full"},{"surface":"φρένες","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of πίμπλαντ̓","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἀμφιμέλαιναι","lemma":"ἀμφιμέλας","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρένες","gloss":"dark"}]},{"number":104,"label":"104","id":"b1-l104","source":"πίμπλαντʼ, ὄσσε δέ οἱ πυρὶ λαμπετόωντι ἐΐκτην·","translation":"with rage, and his eyes were like blazing fire.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l104.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πίμπλαντ","lemma":"πίμπλημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was filled"},{"surface":"ὄσσε","lemma":"ὄσσε","morphology":"nominative dual neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐΐκτην","gloss":"his eyes","note":"ὄσσε is a dual-number noun, marking specifically \"two eyes\" as a natural pair — the same special dual grammar used elsewhere in the poem for things that come inherently in twos."},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὄσσε","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"πυρὶ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐΐκτην","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"λαμπετόωντι","lemma":"λαμπετάω","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular neuter","role":"modifies πυρὶ","gloss":"blazing"},{"surface":"ἐΐκτην","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were like"}]},{"number":105,"label":"105","id":"b1-l105","source":"Κάλχαντα πρώτιστα κάκʼ ὀσσόμενος προσέειπε·","translation":"And first, with a look of ill omen, he spoke to Calchas:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l105.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κάκʼ ὀσσόμενος","title":"\"Boding evil\": the malicious glance","body":"ὀσσόμενος, from a verb of seeing tied to omen and foreboding, with the neuter plural κακά as its object, describes a look that itself carries menace — not merely an angry glance but one that seems to portend harm, fitting for a king about to threaten a seer."}],"words":[{"surface":"Κάλχαντα","lemma":"Κάλχας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"to Calchas"},{"surface":"πρώτιστα","lemma":"πρώτιστος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to προσέειπε","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"κάκ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ὀσσόμενος","gloss":"ill"},{"surface":"ὀσσόμενος","lemma":"ὄσσομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέειπε","gloss":"with a look","note":"ὀσσόμενος, \"eyeing with foreboding,\" shares its root with ὄσσε, \"eyes,\" in the line just above — Agamemnon's blazing eyes and his glare of ill omen are built from the same word."},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"}]},{"number":106,"label":"106","id":"b1-l106","source":"μάντι κακῶν οὐ πώ ποτέ μοι τὸ κρήγυον εἶπας·","translation":"\"Seer of evils, never yet have you spoken good to me;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l106.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μάντι","lemma":"μάντις","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"seer"},{"surface":"κακῶν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μάντι","gloss":"of evils","note":"\"Seer of evils\" directly inverts the narrator's own description of Calchas as μάντις ἀμύμων, \"blameless seer,\" fourteen lines earlier — Agamemnon's insult is aimed at the very impartiality the poem has just vouched for."},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"πώ","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to εἶπας","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"ποτέ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἶπας","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter article","role":"modifies κρήγυον","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"κρήγυον","lemma":"κρήγυος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of εἶπας","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"εἶπας","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have you spoken"}]},{"number":107,"label":"107","id":"b1-l107","source":"αἰεί τοι τὰ κάκʼ ἐστὶ φίλα φρεσὶ μαντεύεσθαι,","translation":"evil things are always dear to your heart to foretell,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l107.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰεί","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐστὶ","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐστὶ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter article","role":"modifies κάκ̓","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"κάκ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of ἐστὶ","gloss":"evil things"},{"surface":"ἐστὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"φίλα","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"adverbial to ἐστὶ","gloss":"to heart"},{"surface":"μαντεύεσθαι","lemma":"μαντεύομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"modifies φίλα","gloss":"to foretell"}]},{"number":108,"label":"108","id":"b1-l108","source":"ἐσθλὸν δʼ οὔτέ τί πω εἶπας ἔπος οὔτʼ ἐτέλεσσας·","translation":"but never yet have you spoken a good word, nor brought one to pass;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l108.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐσθλὸν","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπος","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὔτέ","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἔπος","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"πω","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to οὔ","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"εἶπας","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have you spoken"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of οὔ","gloss":"a word"},{"surface":"ἐτέλεσσας","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brought to pass"}]},{"number":109,"label":"109","id":"b1-l109","source":"καὶ νῦν ἐν Δαναοῖσι θεοπροπέων ἀγορεύεις","translation":"and now, prophesying among the Danaans, you declare","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l109.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγορεύεις","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"Δαναοῖσι","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"the Danaans"},{"surface":"θεοπροπέων","lemma":"θεοπροπέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀγορεύεις","gloss":"prophesying"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύεις","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you declare"}]},{"number":110,"label":"110","id":"b1-l110","source":"ὡς δὴ τοῦδʼ ἕνεκά σφιν ἑκηβόλος ἄλγεα τεύχει,","translation":"that the far-shooter brings them pains for this,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l110.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"τοῦδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"genitive singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἕνεκά","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἕνεκά","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of τεύχει","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ἑκηβόλος","lemma":"ἑκηβόλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of τεύχει","gloss":"the far-shooter"},{"surface":"ἄλγεα","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τεύχει","gloss":"pains"},{"surface":"τεύχει","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ὡς","gloss":"brings"}]},{"number":111,"label":"111","id":"b1-l111","source":"οὕνεκʼ ἐγὼ κούρης Χρυσηΐδος ἀγλάʼ ἄποινα","translation":"because I would not accept the splendid ransom for the girl Chryseis,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l111.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὕνεκ","lemma":"οὕνεκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔθελον","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔθελον","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"κούρης","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἄποινα","gloss":"the girl"},{"surface":"Χρυσηΐδος","lemma":"Χρυσηίς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies κούρης","gloss":"Chryseis","note":"Χρυσηΐς, \"Chryseis,\" is a patronymic-style name meaning simply \"daughter of Chryses\" — like Ἀτρεΐδης for the sons of Atreus, it identifies her by her father rather than a name of her own."},{"surface":"ἀγλά","lemma":"ἀγλαός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄποινα","gloss":"splendid"},{"surface":"ἄποινα","lemma":"ἄποινα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δέξασθαι","gloss":"ransom"}]},{"number":112,"label":"112","id":"b1-l112","source":"οὐκ ἔθελον δέξασθαι, ἐπεὶ πολὺ βούλομαι αὐτὴν","translation":"since I much prefer to keep her","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l112.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἔθελον","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τοῦδ̓","gloss":"was willing"},{"surface":"δέξασθαι","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ἔθελον","gloss":"to accept"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to βούλομαι","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"βούλομαι","lemma":"βούλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"I prefer"},{"surface":"αὐτὴν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"object of ἔχειν","gloss":"her"}]},{"number":113,"label":"113","id":"b1-l113","source":"οἴκοι ἔχειν· καὶ γάρ ῥα Κλυταιμνήστρης προβέβουλα","translation":"at home; for I esteem her above Clytemnestra,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l113.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴκοι","lemma":"οἴκοι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχειν","gloss":"at home"},{"surface":"ἔχειν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of βούλομαι","gloss":"to keep","note":"οἴκοι ἔχειν, \"to keep at home,\" implies an unstated object — Agamemnon means keeping Chryseis at home as a wife, the point his whole comparison to Clytemnestra depends on."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Κλυταιμνήστρης","lemma":"Κλυταιμνήστρη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Clytemnestra"},{"surface":"προβέβουλα","lemma":"προβέβουλα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"prefer"}]},{"number":114,"label":"114","id":"b1-l114","source":"κουριδίης ἀλόχου, ἐπεὶ οὔ ἑθέν ἐστι χερείων,","translation":"my wedded wife, since she is nothing inferior to her,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l114.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κουριδίης","lemma":"κουρίδιος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλόχου","gloss":"wedded"},{"surface":"ἀλόχου","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἑθέν","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies χερείων","gloss":"than her"},{"surface":"ἐστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"χερείων","lemma":"χερείων","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"inferior"}]},{"number":115,"label":"115","id":"b1-l115","source":"οὐ δέμας οὐδὲ φυήν, οὔτʼ ἂρ φρένας οὔτέ τι ἔργα.","translation":"not in form nor in stature, not in mind nor in handiwork.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l115.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δέμας","lemma":"δέμας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to οὔτέ","gloss":"form"},{"surface":"φυήν","lemma":"φυή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to οὔτέ","gloss":"stature"},{"surface":"ἂρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"φρένας","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to οὔτέ","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"οὔτέ","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to οὔτέ","gloss":"handiwork"}]},{"number":116,"label":"116","id":"b1-l116","source":"ἀλλὰ καὶ ὧς ἐθέλω δόμεναι πάλιν εἰ τό γʼ ἄμεινον·","translation":"Yet even so I am willing to give her back, if that is better;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l116.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ὧς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐθέλω","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἐθέλω","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"willing"},{"surface":"δόμεναι","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλω","gloss":"to give"},{"surface":"πάλιν","lemma":"πάλιν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of δόμεναι","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"τό","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἄμεινον","lemma":"ἀμείνων","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"better"}]},{"number":117,"label":"117","id":"b1-l117","source":"βούλομʼ ἐγὼ λαὸν σῶν ἔμμεναι ἢ ἀπολέσθαι·","translation":"I would rather the people be safe than perish;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l117.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βούλομ","lemma":"βούλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wish"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βούλομ̓","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"λαὸν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἢ","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"σῶν","lemma":"σῶς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"safe"},{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἢ","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"ἀπολέσθαι","lemma":"ἀπόλλυμι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ἢ","gloss":"perish"}]},{"number":118,"label":"118","id":"b1-l118","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐμοὶ γέρας αὐτίχʼ ἑτοιμάσατʼ ὄφρα μὴ οἶος","translation":"but make ready a prize for me at once, so that I alone","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l118.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἑτοιμάσατ̓","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"γέρας","lemma":"γέρας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἑτοιμάσατ̓","gloss":"prize"},{"surface":"αὐτίχ","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἑτοιμάσατ̓","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ἑτοιμάσατ","lemma":"ἑτοιμάζω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"make ready"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"οἶος","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"}]},{"number":119,"label":"119","id":"b1-l119","source":"Ἀργείων ἀγέραστος ἔω, ἐπεὶ οὐδὲ ἔοικε·","translation":"of the Argives may not be without one; for that is not fitting —","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l119.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργείων","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἶος","gloss":"of the Argives"},{"surface":"ἀγέραστος","lemma":"ἀγέραστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"without a prize"},{"surface":"ἔω","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"ἔοικε","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"is fitting"}]},{"number":120,"label":"120","id":"b1-l120","source":"λεύσσετε γὰρ τό γε πάντες ὅ μοι γέρας ἔρχεται ἄλλῃ.","translation":"you all see this, that my prize is going elsewhere.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l120.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λεύσσετε","lemma":"λεύσσω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τό","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of λεύσσετε","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies γέρας","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"γέρας","lemma":"γέρας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔρχεται","gloss":"prize"},{"surface":"ἔρχεται","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ὅ","gloss":"is going"},{"surface":"ἄλλῃ","lemma":"ἄλλῃ","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἔρχεται","gloss":"elsewhere"}]},{"number":121,"label":"121","id":"b1-l121","source":"τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς·","translation":"Then swift-footed godlike Achilles answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l121.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα","title":"Speech-formula: \"answered him\"","body":"The shorter reply-formula, without the participle ἀπαμειβόμενος, is held to its own fixed English wording, \"Then [name] answered him:\" — distinct from the fuller \"answered him and said:\" formula used earlier in this chunk (line 84), even though both introduce a spoken reply."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ποδάρκης","lemma":"ποδάρκης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"swift-footed"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":122,"label":"122","id":"b1-l122","source":"Ἀτρεΐδη κύδιστε φιλοκτεανώτατε πάντων,","translation":"\"Son of Atreus, most glorious, most grasping of all men,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l122.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδη","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son of Atreus","note":"The vocative pileup — \"most glorious, most grasping of all men\" — turns Agamemnon's own honorific κύδιστε into a springboard for the insult φιλοκτεανώτατε that follows it."},{"surface":"κύδιστε","lemma":"κύδιστος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀτρεΐδη","gloss":"most glorious"},{"surface":"φιλοκτεανώτατε","lemma":"φιλοκτέανος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"modifies Ἀτρεΐδη","gloss":"most grasping"},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies φιλοκτεανώτατε","gloss":"of all"}]},{"number":123,"label":"123","id":"b1-l123","source":"πῶς γάρ τοι δώσουσι γέρας μεγάθυμοι Ἀχαιοί;","translation":"for how shall the great-hearted Achaeans give you a prize?","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l123.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πῶς","lemma":"πῶς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δώσουσι","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of δώσουσι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δώσουσι","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"γέρας","lemma":"γέρας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δώσουσι","gloss":"prize"},{"surface":"μεγάθυμοι","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοί","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of δώσουσι","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":124,"label":"124","id":"b1-l124","source":"οὐδέ τί που ἴδμεν ξυνήϊα κείμενα πολλά·","translation":"we know of no great common store laid up;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l124.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἴδμεν","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we know"},{"surface":"ξυνήϊα","lemma":"ξυνήιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἴδμεν","gloss":"common store","note":"ξυνήϊα, \"things held in common,\" names the undistributed reserve of war-spoils — Achilles says there simply isn't one, since everything plundered is divided among the army as soon as it's taken."},{"surface":"κείμενα","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative plural neuter","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"laid up"},{"surface":"πολλά","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ξυνήϊα","gloss":"great"}]},{"number":125,"label":"125","id":"b1-l125","source":"ἀλλὰ τὰ μὲν πολίων ἐξεπράθομεν, τὰ δέδασται,","translation":"but what we plundered from the cities has been divided,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l125.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἐξεπράθομεν","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand","note":"This μέν sets up τὰ δέδασται two words later (\"some things... are divided\"): a classic Homeric μέν...δέ pairing, though here the two halves sit close together in the same line."},{"surface":"πολίων","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξεπράθομεν","gloss":"cities"},{"surface":"ἐξεπράθομεν","lemma":"ἐκπέρθω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τὰ","gloss":"plundered"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of δέδασται","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"δέδασται","lemma":"δατέομαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has been divided"}]},{"number":126,"label":"126","id":"b1-l126","source":"λαοὺς δʼ οὐκ ἐπέοικε παλίλλογα ταῦτʼ ἐπαγείρειν.","translation":"and it is not fitting to call it back from the people.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l126.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λαοὺς","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπαγείρειν","gloss":"the people"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐπέοικε","lemma":"ἐπέοικε","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is fitting"},{"surface":"παλίλλογα","lemma":"παλίλλογος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"gathered back"},{"surface":"ταῦτ","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐπαγείρειν","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἐπαγείρειν","lemma":"ἐπαγείρω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject of ἐπέοικε","gloss":"to call back"}]},{"number":127,"label":"127","id":"b1-l127","source":"ἀλλὰ σὺ μὲν νῦν τήνδε θεῷ πρόες· αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"But you, give this girl up now to the god; and we, the Achaeans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l127.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of πρόες","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand","note":"The μέν here pairs with αὐτὰρ two words later (\"but the Achaeans...\"): Achilles tells Agamemnon what he must do, then pivots to what the army as a whole will do in return."},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πρόες","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τήνδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of πρόες","gloss":"this girl"},{"surface":"θεῷ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πρόες","gloss":"to the god"},{"surface":"πρόες","lemma":"προίημι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"give up"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἀποτείσομεν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":128,"label":"128","id":"b1-l128","source":"τριπλῇ τετραπλῇ τʼ ἀποτείσομεν, αἴ κέ ποθι Ζεὺς","translation":"will repay it threefold and fourfold, if ever Zeus","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l128.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τριπλῇ","lemma":"τριπλόος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to τ̓","gloss":"threefold"},{"surface":"τετραπλῇ","lemma":"τετραπλόος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to τ̓","gloss":"fourfold"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀποτείσομεν","lemma":"ἀποτίνω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will repay"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ποθι","lemma":"ποθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δῷσι","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":129,"label":"129","id":"b1-l129","source":"δῷσι πόλιν Τροίην εὐτείχεον ἐξαλαπάξαι.","translation":"grants us to lay waste the well-walled city of Troy.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l129.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῷσι","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"grants"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξαλαπάξαι","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"Τροίην","lemma":"Τροία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies πόλιν","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"εὐτείχεον","lemma":"εὐτείχεος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πόλιν","gloss":"well-walled"},{"surface":"ἐξαλαπάξαι","lemma":"ἐξαλαπάζω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δῷσι","gloss":"to lay waste"}]},{"number":130,"label":"130","id":"b1-l130","source":"τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων·","translation":"Then the lord Agamemnon answered him and said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l130.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"κρείων","lemma":"κρείων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":131,"label":"131","id":"b1-l131","source":"μὴ δʼ οὕτως ἀγαθός περ ἐὼν θεοείκελʼ Ἀχιλλεῦ","translation":"\"Do not, brave though you are, godlike Achilles,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l131.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"do not"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"οὕτως","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κλέπτε","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἀγαθός","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"brave"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κλέπτε","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"θεοείκελ","lemma":"θεοείκελος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεῦ","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεῦ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":132,"label":"132","id":"b1-l132","source":"κλέπτε νόῳ, ἐπεὶ οὐ παρελεύσεαι οὐδέ με πείσεις.","translation":"try to outwit me in your mind; you will not get past me, nor persuade me.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l132.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κλέπτε","lemma":"κλέπτω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"deceive","note":"κλέπτε νόῳ, literally \"steal with your mind,\" is Agamemnon's accusation that Achilles is scheming rather than speaking plainly — the same verb used for stealing property."},{"surface":"νόῳ","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κλέπτε","gloss":"in mind"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"παρελεύσεαι","lemma":"παρέρχομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"get past"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δέ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"πείσεις","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"future active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"persuade"}]},{"number":133,"label":"133","id":"b1-l133","source":"ἦ ἐθέλεις ὄφρʼ αὐτὸς ἔχῃς γέρας, αὐτὰρ ἔμʼ αὔτως","translation":"Do you wish that you yourself may keep your prize, while I","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l133.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἐθέλεις","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wish"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"ἔχῃς","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of ὄφῤ","gloss":"keep"},{"surface":"γέρας","lemma":"γέρας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχῃς","gloss":"prize"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"ἔμ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἧσθαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"αὔτως","lemma":"αὔτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἧσθαι","gloss":"idly"}]},{"number":134,"label":"134","id":"b1-l134","source":"ἧσθαι δευόμενον, κέλεαι δέ με τήνδʼ ἀποδοῦναι;","translation":"sit here in want, and you bid me give this girl back?","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l134.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἧσθαι","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of αὐτὰρ","gloss":"sit"},{"surface":"δευόμενον","lemma":"δεύω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἧσθαι","gloss":"in want"},{"surface":"κέλεαι","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bid"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀποδοῦναι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"τήνδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἀποδοῦναι","gloss":"this girl"},{"surface":"ἀποδοῦναι","lemma":"ἀποδίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of κέλεαι","gloss":"give back"}]},{"number":135,"label":"135","id":"b1-l135","source":"ἀλλʼ εἰ μὲν δώσουσι γέρας μεγάθυμοι Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"Well: if the great-hearted Achaeans will give me a prize,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l135.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand","note":"This μέν does not find its answering δέ until εἰ δέ κε μὴ δώωσιν two lines later (\"but if they do not\"): Achilles lays out the two possibilities — the Achaeans give him a prize, or he takes one himself — across the full span of the sentence."},{"surface":"δώσουσι","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"will give"},{"surface":"γέρας","lemma":"γέρας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δώσουσι","gloss":"prize"},{"surface":"μεγάθυμοι","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοὶ","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of δώσουσι","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":136,"label":"136","id":"b1-l136","source":"ἄρσαντες κατὰ θυμὸν ὅπως ἀντάξιον ἔσται·","translation":"suiting it to my heart, so that it is worth as much —","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l136.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄρσαντες","lemma":"ἀραρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to δώσουσι","gloss":"suiting"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ὅπως","lemma":"ὅπως","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἀντάξιον","lemma":"ἀντάξιος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"equal in worth"},{"surface":"ἔσται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅπως","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":137,"label":"137","id":"b1-l137","source":"εἰ δέ κε μὴ δώωσιν ἐγὼ δέ κεν αὐτὸς ἕλωμαι","translation":"but if they do not, I myself will go and take it,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l137.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δώωσιν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἢ","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"ἕλωμαι","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"take"}]},{"number":138,"label":"138","id":"b1-l138","source":"ἢ τεὸν ἢ Αἴαντος ἰὼν γέρας, ἢ Ὀδυσῆος","translation":"either your prize, or Ajax's, or Odysseus',","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l138.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"either","note":"Achilles names the greatest chieftains after himself and Agamemnon — Ajax's prize or Odysseus' — as the ones he might seize; the threat is deliberately provocative, naming men Agamemnon cannot afford to alienate."},{"surface":"τεὸν","lemma":"τεός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἢ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"Αἴαντος","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἢ","gloss":"Ajax's"},{"surface":"ἰὼν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕλωμαι","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"γέρας","lemma":"γέρας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἕλωμαι","gloss":"prize"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"Odysseus'"}]},{"number":139,"label":"139","id":"b1-l139","source":"ἄξω ἑλών· ὃ δέ κεν κεχολώσεται ὅν κεν ἵκωμαι.","translation":"and carry it off; and whoever I come to will rage.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l139.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄξω","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carry off"},{"surface":"ἑλών","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἄξω","gloss":"taking"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κεχολώσεται","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"κεχολώσεται","lemma":"χολόω","morphology":"future perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will rage"},{"surface":"ὅν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἵκωμαι","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἵκωμαι","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ὃ","gloss":"I come to"}]},{"number":140,"label":"140","id":"b1-l140","source":"ἀλλʼ ἤτοι μὲν ταῦτα μεταφρασόμεσθα καὶ αὖτις,","translation":"But we will take counsel on these things again hereafter;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l140.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μεταφρασόμεσθα","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"μεταφρασόμεσθα","lemma":"μεταφράζω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will take counsel"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μεταφρασόμεσθα","gloss":"again"}]},{"number":141,"label":"141","id":"b1-l141","source":"νῦν δʼ ἄγε νῆα μέλαιναν ἐρύσσομεν εἰς ἅλα δῖαν,","translation":"but now, come, let us drag a black ship down to the bright sea,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l141.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐρύσσομεν","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"νῆα","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐρύσσομεν","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"μέλαιναν","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆα","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"ἐρύσσομεν","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us drag"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἅλα","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"δῖαν","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἅλα","gloss":"bright"}]},{"number":142,"label":"142","id":"b1-l142","source":"ἐν δʼ ἐρέτας ἐπιτηδὲς ἀγείρομεν, ἐς δʼ ἑκατόμβην","translation":"and gather able rowers for it, and load a hecatomb","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l142.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"aboard","note":"ἐν...ἀγείρομεν is tmesis: the preposition ἐν, \"in/aboard,\" is split from the verb ἀγείρω (\"gather\") that it will eventually compound with, still felt as separable in Homeric Greek."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐρέτας","lemma":"ἐρέτης","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀγείρομεν","gloss":"rowers"},{"surface":"ἐπιτηδὲς","lemma":"ἐπιτηδές","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγείρομεν","gloss":"able"},{"surface":"ἀγείρομεν","lemma":"ἀγείρω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gather"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"aboard"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑκατόμβην","lemma":"ἑκατόμβη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of θείομεν","gloss":"hecatomb"}]},{"number":143,"label":"143","id":"b1-l143","source":"θείομεν, ἂν δʼ αὐτὴν Χρυσηΐδα καλλιπάρῃον","translation":"on board, and bring fair-cheeked Chryseis herself","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l143.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"καλλιπάρῃον","title":"Fair-cheeked","body":"καλλιπάρῃος, \"fair-cheeked,\" is a standing epithet applied to young women of high standing; it recurs later in this chunk for Briseis and is rendered \"fair-cheeked\" every time."}],"words":[{"surface":"θείομεν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"load"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"aboard"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτὴν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"Χρυσηΐδα","lemma":"Χρυσηίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of βήσομεν","gloss":"Chryseis"},{"surface":"καλλιπάρῃον","lemma":"καλλιπάρηος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Χρυσηΐδα","gloss":"fair-cheeked"}]},{"number":144,"label":"144","id":"b1-l144","source":"βήσομεν· εἷς δέ τις ἀρχὸς ἀνὴρ βουληφόρος ἔστω,","translation":"to embark her; and let some counselor-man be its leader,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l144.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βήσομεν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"embark"},{"surface":"εἷς","lemma":"εἷς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"ἀρχὸς","lemma":"ἀρχός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"leader"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"βουληφόρος","lemma":"βουληφόρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"counselor","note":"βουληφόρος, \"counsel-bearing,\" is a formulaic Homeric epithet for a leader trusted enough to be included in war councils, not just any commander."},{"surface":"ἔστω","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let...be"}]},{"number":145,"label":"145","id":"b1-l145","source":"ἢ Αἴας ἢ Ἰδομενεὺς ἢ δῖος Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"either Ajax, or Idomeneus, or godlike Odysseus,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l145.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠὲ","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"Ἰδομενεὺς","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠὲ","gloss":"Idomeneus"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεὺς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠὲ","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":146,"label":"146","id":"b1-l146","source":"ἠὲ σὺ Πηλεΐδη πάντων ἐκπαγλότατʼ ἀνδρῶν,","translation":"or you, son of Peleus, most terrible of all men,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l146.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἠέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἠὲ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"Πηλεΐδη","lemma":"Πηλείδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son of Peleus"},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"of all"},{"surface":"ἐκπαγλότατ","lemma":"ἔκπαγλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"modifies Πηλεΐδη","gloss":"most terrible","note":"Achilles lists himself last and calls himself \"most terrible of all men\" almost as an afterthought — a boast made in the middle of trying to sound conciliatory."},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐκπαγλότατ̓","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":147,"label":"147","id":"b1-l147","source":"ὄφρʼ ἥμιν ἑκάεργον ἱλάσσεαι ἱερὰ ῥέξας.","translation":"that offering sacrifice you may appease the far-worker for us.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l147.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἑκάεργον","title":"\"Far-worker,\" a second epithet of Apollo","body":"ἑκάεργος, \"far-working\" or \"working from afar,\" is a distinct Greek epithet from ἑκηβόλος, \"far-shooting,\" already locked for this poem. Both describe Apollo's power to act at a distance, but they are different words, so we hold a different English word, \"far-worker,\" for this one rather than collapsing it into \"far-shooting.\""}],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ἥμιν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἱλάσσεαι","gloss":"for us"},{"surface":"ἑκάεργον","lemma":"ʽἑκάεργος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἱλάσσεαι","gloss":"far-worker"},{"surface":"ἱλάσσεαι","lemma":"ἱλάσκομαι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφῤ","gloss":"appease"},{"surface":"ἱερὰ","lemma":"ἱερόν","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ῥέξας","gloss":"sacrifice"},{"surface":"ῥέξας","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἱλάσσεαι","gloss":"offering"}]},{"number":148,"label":"148","id":"b1-l148","source":"τὸν δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς·","translation":"Then, glaring at him from under his brows, swift-footed Achilles spoke:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l148.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"τὸν δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν προσέφη","title":"The hupodra formula: glaring from under the brows","body":"ὑπόδρα ἰδών, literally \"having looked from under,\" is Homer's formula for a hostile, simmering glare — the look that precedes an angry retort. It recurs across the poem whenever a speaker answers in fury and is locked to this exact wording, \"glaring at him from under his brows,\" every time."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὑπόδρα","lemma":"ὑπόδρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰδὼν","gloss":"balefully","note":"ὑπόδρα ἰδών, \"looking from under his brows,\" is a fixed Homeric formula for an angry or hostile glare, used repeatedly across the poem whenever a speaker is about to answer sharply."},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"looking"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"πόδας","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὠκὺς","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"ὠκὺς","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":149,"label":"149","id":"b1-l149","source":"ὤ μοι ἀναιδείην ἐπιειμένε κερδαλεόφρον","translation":"\"Ah, clothed in shamelessness, crafty for gain,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l149.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀναιδείην ἐπιειμένε","title":"\"Clothed in shamelessness\"","body":"Homer's insult is a literal clothing metaphor: Agamemnon is pictured as having put on shamelessness the way one puts on a garment. The image is kept concrete in English rather than smoothed into an abstract \"shameless one.\""}],"words":[{"surface":"ὤ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἀναιδείην","lemma":"ἀναίδεια","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπιειμένε","gloss":"shamelessness"},{"surface":"ἐπιειμένε","lemma":"ἐπιέννυμι","morphology":"perfect passive participle, vocative singular masculine","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"clothed in","note":"ἀναιδείην ἐπιειμένε, \"clothed in shamelessness,\" pictures shamelessness as a garment Agamemnon wears — the same verb ἐπιέννυμι used for putting on armor or clothes."},{"surface":"κερδαλεόφρον","lemma":"κερδαλεόφρων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"crafty for gain"}]},{"number":150,"label":"150","id":"b1-l150","source":"πῶς τίς τοι πρόφρων ἔπεσιν πείθηται Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"how shall any of the Achaeans obey your words readily,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l150.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πῶς","lemma":"πῶς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πείθηται","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πείθηται","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies ἔπεσιν","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"πρόφρων","lemma":"πρόφρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"readily"},{"surface":"ἔπεσιν","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πείθηται","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πείθηται","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"obey"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":151,"label":"151","id":"b1-l151","source":"ἢ ὁδὸν ἐλθέμεναι ἢ ἀνδράσιν ἶφι μάχεσθαι;","translation":"either to go on a raid, or to fight men with force?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l151.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"ὁδὸν","lemma":"ὁδός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐλθέμεναι","gloss":"raid"},{"surface":"ἐλθέμεναι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἀνδράσιν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μάχεσθαι","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἶφι","lemma":"ἶφι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μάχεσθαι","gloss":"with force"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"fight"}]},{"number":152,"label":"152","id":"b1-l152","source":"οὐ γὰρ ἐγὼ Τρώων ἕνεκʼ ἤλυθον αἰχμητάων","translation":"For I did not come here to fight for the sake of the spearmen of Troy,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l152.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἤλυθον","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies αἰχμητάων","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἕνεκ","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for the sake of"},{"surface":"ἤλυθον","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"αἰχμητάων","lemma":"αἰχμητής","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἕνεκ̓","gloss":"spearmen"}]},{"number":153,"label":"153","id":"b1-l153","source":"δεῦρο μαχησόμενος, ἐπεὶ οὔ τί μοι αἴτιοί εἰσιν·","translation":"since they are nothing to blame toward me;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l153.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεῦρο","lemma":"δεῦρο","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἤλυθον","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"μαχησόμενος","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"future middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤλυθον","gloss":"to fight"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἰσιν","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"αἴτιοί","lemma":"αἴτιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"to blame"},{"surface":"εἰσιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"are"}]},{"number":154,"label":"154","id":"b1-l154","source":"οὐ γὰρ πώποτʼ ἐμὰς βοῦς ἤλασαν οὐδὲ μὲν ἵππους,","translation":"for they never once drove off my cattle, nor my horses,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l154.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πώποτ","lemma":"πώποτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤλασαν","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"ἐμὰς","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies δὲ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"βοῦς","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"cattle"},{"surface":"ἤλασαν","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove off"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":155,"label":"155","id":"b1-l155","source":"οὐδέ ποτʼ ἐν Φθίῃ ἐριβώλακι βωτιανείρῃ","translation":"nor ever in deep-soiled Phthia, nurse of men,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l155.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἐδηλήσαντ̓","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἐριβώλακι","lemma":"ἐριβῶλαξ","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"deep-soiled"},{"surface":"βωτιανείρῃ","lemma":"βωτιάνειρα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"nurse of men"}]},{"number":156,"label":"156","id":"b1-l156","source":"καρπὸν ἐδηλήσαντʼ, ἐπεὶ ἦ μάλα πολλὰ μεταξὺ","translation":"did they ravage the harvest — for many things lie between us,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l156.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καρπὸν","lemma":"καρπός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐδηλήσαντ̓","gloss":"harvest"},{"surface":"ἐδηλήσαντ","lemma":"δηλέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ravage"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"many things"},{"surface":"μεταξὺ","lemma":"μεταξύ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"between"}]},{"number":157,"label":"157","id":"b1-l157","source":"οὔρεά τε σκιόεντα θάλασσά τε ἠχήεσσα·","translation":"shadowy mountains and the echoing sea;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l157.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔρεά","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"mountains"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σκιόεντα","lemma":"σκιόεις","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies οὔρεά","gloss":"shadowy"},{"surface":"θάλασσά","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠχήεσσα","lemma":"ἠχήεις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies θάλασσά","gloss":"echoing","note":"The line's balanced pair — shadowy mountains, echoing sea — names the vast physical distance between Troy and Achilles' homeland Phthia, the geography behind his argument that the Trojans never wronged him personally."}]},{"number":158,"label":"158","id":"b1-l158","source":"ἀλλὰ σοὶ ὦ μέγʼ ἀναιδὲς ἅμʼ ἑσπόμεθʼ ὄφρα σὺ χαίρῃς,","translation":"but you, great shameless one, we followed, so that you might rejoice,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l158.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἑσπόμεθ̓","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"μέγ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ἀναιδὲς","lemma":"ἀναιδής","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"shameless one"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἑσπόμεθ̓","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"ἑσπόμεθ","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of χαίρῃς","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"χαίρῃς","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"might rejoice"}]},{"number":159,"label":"159","id":"b1-l159","source":"τιμὴν ἀρνύμενοι Μενελάῳ σοί τε κυνῶπα","translation":"winning honor for Menelaus, and for you, dog-face,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l159.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κυνῶπα","title":"\"Dog-face\": a Homeric insult","body":"κυνῶπα, literally \"dog-eyed\" or \"dog-face,\" is one of the harshest terms of abuse in Homer, aimed here by Achilles at Agamemnon. The word is kept at full force in English rather than softened, per the fidelity mandate against euphemizing what Homer says plainly."}],"words":[{"surface":"τιμὴν","lemma":"τιμή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀρνύμενοι","gloss":"honor"},{"surface":"ἀρνύμενοι","lemma":"ἄρνυμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἑσπόμεθ̓","gloss":"winning"},{"surface":"Μενελάῳ","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"for Menelaus"},{"surface":"σοί","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κυνῶπα","lemma":"κυνώπης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"dog-face","note":"κυνῶπα, \"dog-face,\" is one of the harshest insults in Homer, associating Agamemnon with the shamelessness and impudence the Greeks attributed to dogs."}]},{"number":160,"label":"160","id":"b1-l160","source":"πρὸς Τρώων· τῶν οὔ τι μετατρέπῃ οὐδʼ ἀλεγίζεις·","translation":"from the Trojans — of this you take no heed, nor care at all;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l160.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"of this"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"μετατρέπῃ","lemma":"μετατρέπομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heed"},{"surface":"ἀλεγίζεις","lemma":"ἀλεγίζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"care"}]},{"number":161,"label":"161","id":"b1-l161","source":"καὶ δή μοι γέρας αὐτὸς ἀφαιρήσεσθαι ἀπειλεῖς,","translation":"and now you yourself threaten to take away my prize,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l161.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀφαιρήσεσθαι","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"γέρας","lemma":"γέρας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀφαιρήσεσθαι","gloss":"prize"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"ἀφαιρήσεσθαι","lemma":"ἀφαιρέω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ἀπειλεῖς","gloss":"to take away"},{"surface":"ἀπειλεῖς","lemma":"ἀπειλέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"threaten"}]},{"number":162,"label":"162","id":"b1-l162","source":"ᾧ ἔπι πολλὰ μόγησα, δόσαν δέ μοι υἷες Ἀχαιῶν.","translation":"for which I toiled hard, and which the sons of the Achaeans gave me.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l162.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔπι","gloss":"for which"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"ἔπι...μόγησα is tmesis: the preposition ἐπί, reinforcing \"toiled hard upon [it],\" is split from the verb μογέω, still separable as in earlier Homeric compounds like ἐπὶ...ἔτελλε."},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μόγησα","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"μόγησα","lemma":"μογέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δέ","gloss":"toiled"},{"surface":"δόσαν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δέ","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δόσαν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"υἷες","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δόσαν","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷες","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":163,"label":"163","id":"b1-l163","source":"οὐ μὲν σοί ποτε ἶσον ἔχω γέρας ὁππότʼ Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"I never have a prize equal to yours, whenever the Achaeans","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l163.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"σοί","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies ἶσον","gloss":"to yours"},{"surface":"ποτε","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἔχω","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"ἶσον","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies γέρας","gloss":"equal"},{"surface":"ἔχω","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"γέρας","lemma":"γέρας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχω","gloss":"prize"},{"surface":"ὁππότ","lemma":"ὁπότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐκπέρσωσ̓","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":164,"label":"164","id":"b1-l164","source":"Τρώων ἐκπέρσωσʼ εὖ ναιόμενον πτολίεθρον·","translation":"sack some well-peopled stronghold of the Trojans;","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l164.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies πτολίεθρον","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἐκπέρσωσ","lemma":"ἐκπέρθω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὁππότ̓","gloss":"sack"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ναιόμενον","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"ναιόμενον","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifies πτολίεθρον","gloss":"peopled"},{"surface":"πτολίεθρον","lemma":"πτολίεθρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκπέρσωσ̓","gloss":"stronghold"}]},{"number":165,"label":"165","id":"b1-l165","source":"ἀλλὰ τὸ μὲν πλεῖον πολυάϊκος πολέμοιο","translation":"but the greater part of the furious war","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l165.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies πλεῖον","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"τὸ πλεῖον, \"the greater part,\" is a fixed idiom where the article τό simply marks πλεῖον as a substantive — it has no separate word-for-word translation of its own."},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"πλεῖον","lemma":"πλείων","morphology":"accusative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"object of διέπουσ̓","gloss":"greater part"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πλεῖον","gloss":"of war"}]},{"number":166,"label":"166","id":"b1-l166","source":"χεῖρες ἐμαὶ διέπουσʼ· ἀτὰρ ἤν ποτε δασμὸς ἵκηται,","translation":"my hands take on; yet whenever the sharing comes,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l166.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χεῖρες","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of διέπουσ̓","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἐμαὶ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χεῖρες","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"διέπουσ","lemma":"διέπω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"handle"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"ἤν","lemma":"ἐάν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"ποτε","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"δασμὸς","lemma":"δασμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἵκηται","gloss":"sharing"},{"surface":"ἵκηται","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἤν","gloss":"comes"}]},{"number":167,"label":"167","id":"b1-l167","source":"σοὶ τὸ γέρας πολὺ μεῖζον, ἐγὼ δʼ ὀλίγον τε φίλον τε","translation":"your prize is far the larger, and I, with a small thing yet dear,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l167.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies γέρας","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter article","role":"modifies γέρας","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"γέρας","lemma":"γέρας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"prize"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"μεῖζον","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"larger"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔρχομ̓","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀλίγον","lemma":"ὀλίγος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"small","note":"ὀλίγον τε φίλον τε, \"small and yet dear,\" is Achilles' bitter understatement about his own war-prize — the paired τε...τε binds the two qualities as inseparable, small precisely because it is his only share."},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":168,"label":"168","id":"b1-l168","source":"ἔρχομʼ ἔχων ἐπὶ νῆας, ἐπεί κε κάμω πολεμίζων.","translation":"go back to the ships, when I have grown weary with fighting.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l168.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔρχομ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔρχομ̓","gloss":"keeping"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"κάμω","lemma":"κάμνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"grown weary"},{"surface":"πολεμίζων","lemma":"πολεμίζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κάμω","gloss":"fighting"}]},{"number":169,"label":"169","id":"b1-l169","source":"νῦν δʼ εἶμι Φθίην δʼ, ἐπεὶ ἦ πολὺ φέρτερόν ἐστιν","translation":"Now I will go to Phthia, since it is far better","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l169.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἶμι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"εἶμι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will go"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"φέρτερόν","lemma":"φέρτατος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"ἐστιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":170,"label":"170","id":"b1-l170","source":"οἴκαδʼ ἴμεν σὺν νηυσὶ κορωνίσιν, οὐδέ σʼ ὀΐω","translation":"to go home with my beaked ships; nor do I intend,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l170.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴκαδ","lemma":"οἴκαδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἴμεν","gloss":"home"},{"surface":"ἴμεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject of ἐστιν","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"κορωνίσιν","lemma":"κορωνίς","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶ","gloss":"beaked"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σοί","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀφύξειν","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"ὀΐω","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"intend"}]},{"number":171,"label":"171","id":"b1-l171","source":"ἐνθάδʼ ἄτιμος ἐὼν ἄφενος καὶ πλοῦτον ἀφύξειν.","translation":"dishonored here, to pile up wealth and riches for you.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l171.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐνθάδ","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐὼν","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἄτιμος","lemma":"ἄτιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"dishonored"},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀφύξειν","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"ἄφενος","lemma":"ἄφενος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"wealth"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πλοῦτον","lemma":"πλοῦτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"riches"},{"surface":"ἀφύξειν","lemma":"ἀφύσσω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ὀΐω","gloss":"pile up"}]},{"number":172,"label":"172","id":"b1-l172","source":"τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων·","translation":"Then Agamemnon, lord of men, answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l172.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄναξ","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":173,"label":"173","id":"b1-l173","source":"φεῦγε μάλʼ εἴ τοι θυμὸς ἐπέσσυται, οὐδέ σʼ ἔγωγε","translation":"\"Run, indeed, if your heart drives you to it; I myself will not","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l173.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φεῦγε","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"run","note":"φεῦγε μάλ᾽, \"run, indeed,\" is scornfully sarcastic — Agamemnon dares Achilles to leave as though granting him permission, rather than trying to stop him."},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φεῦγε","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies θυμὸς","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπέσσυται","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐπέσσυται","lemma":"ἐπισεύω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"drives"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject of μένειν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἔγωγε","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of λίσσομαι","gloss":"I myself"}]},{"number":174,"label":"174","id":"b1-l174","source":"λίσσομαι εἵνεκʼ ἐμεῖο μένειν· πάρʼ ἔμοιγε καὶ ἄλλοι","translation":"beg you to stay on my account; I have others at my side","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l174.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λίσσομαι","lemma":"λίσσομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"beg"},{"surface":"εἵνεκ","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for the sake of"},{"surface":"ἐμεῖο","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἵνεκ̓","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"μένειν","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of λίσσομαι","gloss":"to stay"},{"surface":"πάρ","lemma":"πάρειμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"preposition","gloss":"are here"},{"surface":"ἔμοιγε","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πάῤ","gloss":"with me"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"others"}]},{"number":175,"label":"175","id":"b1-l175","source":"οἵ κέ με τιμήσουσι, μάλιστα δὲ μητίετα Ζεύς.","translation":"who will honor me, and above all Zeus, the counselor.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l175.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τιμήσουσι","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τιμήσουσι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"τιμήσουσι","lemma":"τιμάω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἄλλοι","gloss":"will honor"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"above all"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μητίετα","lemma":"μητίετα","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεύς","gloss":"counselor"},{"surface":"Ζεύς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":176,"label":"176","id":"b1-l176","source":"ἔχθιστος δέ μοί ἐσσι διοτρεφέων βασιλήων·","translation":"You are the most hateful to me of the kings that Zeus has nurtured;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l176.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔχθιστος","lemma":"ἔχθιστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"most hateful"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοί","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐσσι","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ἐσσι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you are"},{"surface":"διοτρεφέων","lemma":"Διοτρεφής","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βασιλήων","gloss":"Zeus-nurtured","note":"διοτρεφέων, \"Zeus-nurtured,\" is a standard Homeric epithet applied to kings as a class, marking their rule as divinely sanctioned — which makes Agamemnon's claim that Achilles is the worst of them pointed."},{"surface":"βασιλήων","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἔχθιστος","gloss":"kings"}]},{"number":177,"label":"177","id":"b1-l177","source":"αἰεὶ γάρ τοι ἔρις τε φίλη πόλεμοί τε μάχαι τε·","translation":"for strife is always dear to you, and wars and battles;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l177.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ἔρις","lemma":"ἔρις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"strife"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φίλη","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"πόλεμοί","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"wars"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάχαι","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"battles"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":178,"label":"178","id":"b1-l178","source":"εἰ μάλα καρτερός ἐσσι, θεός που σοὶ τό γʼ ἔδωκεν·","translation":"if you are very strong, surely some god gave you that;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l178.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"καρτερός","lemma":"καρτερός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"ἐσσι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"you are"},{"surface":"θεός","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔδωκεν","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely","note":"Agamemnon credits Achilles' strength entirely to divine gift, quietly denying him any personal credit for it — a backhanded concession dressed up as praise."},{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἔδωκεν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"τό","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἔδωκεν","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἔδωκεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"}]},{"number":179,"label":"179","id":"b1-l179","source":"οἴκαδʼ ἰὼν σὺν νηυσί τε σῇς καὶ σοῖς ἑτάροισι","translation":"go home with your ships and your companions,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l179.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴκαδ","lemma":"οἴκαδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἰὼν","gloss":"home"},{"surface":"ἰὼν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἄνασσε","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"νηυσί","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σῇς","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσί","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σοῖς","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑτάροισι","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἑτάροισι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":180,"label":"180","id":"b1-l180","source":"Μυρμιδόνεσσιν ἄνασσε, σέθεν δʼ ἐγὼ οὐκ ἀλεγίζω,","translation":"and rule over the Myrmidons; I care nothing for you,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l180.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μυρμιδόνεσσιν","lemma":"Μυρμιδόνες","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἄνασσε","gloss":"Myrmidons","note":"\"Rule over the Myrmidons\" pointedly shrinks Achilles' authority to his own small contingent, in contrast to Agamemnon's rule \"of men\" broadly (l172) — a jab at Achilles' lesser rank."},{"surface":"ἄνασσε","lemma":"ἀνάσσω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rule"},{"surface":"σέθεν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular pronoun","role":"object of ἀλεγίζω","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀλεγίζω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἀλεγίζω","lemma":"ἀλεγίζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"care"}]},{"number":181,"label":"181","id":"b1-l181","source":"οὐδʼ ὄθομαι κοτέοντος· ἀπειλήσω δέ τοι ὧδε·","translation":"nor do I heed your anger; but I will threaten you thus:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l181.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄθομαι","lemma":"ὄθομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heed"},{"surface":"κοτέοντος","lemma":"κοτέω","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"your anger"},{"surface":"ἀπειλήσω","lemma":"ἀπειλέω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will threaten"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἀπειλήσω","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπειλήσω","gloss":"thus"}]},{"number":182,"label":"182","id":"b1-l182","source":"ὡς ἔμʼ ἀφαιρεῖται Χρυσηΐδα Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων,","translation":"since Phoebus Apollo takes Chryseis from me,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l182.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀφαιρεῖται","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"ἔμ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀφαιρεῖται","gloss":"from me"},{"surface":"ἀφαιρεῖται","lemma":"ἀφαιρέω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"takes"},{"surface":"Χρυσηΐδα","lemma":"Χρυσηίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀφαιρεῖται","gloss":"Chryseis"},{"surface":"Φοῖβος","lemma":"Φοῖβος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"Phoebus"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀφαιρεῖται","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":183,"label":"183","id":"b1-l183","source":"τὴν μὲν ἐγὼ σὺν νηΐ τʼ ἐμῇ καὶ ἐμοῖς ἑτάροισι","translation":"her I will send away with my own ship and my companions;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l183.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of πέμψω","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πέμψω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"νηΐ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐμῇ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηΐ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐμοῖς","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑτάροισι","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἑτάροισι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":184,"label":"184","id":"b1-l184","source":"πέμψω, ἐγὼ δέ κʼ ἄγω Βρισηΐδα καλλιπάρῃον","translation":"but I myself will come and take fair-cheeked Briseis,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l184.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πέμψω","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will send"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἄγω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἄγω","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"take"},{"surface":"Βρισηΐδα","lemma":"Βρισηίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Briseis"},{"surface":"καλλιπάρῃον","lemma":"καλλιπάρηος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Βρισηΐδα","gloss":"fair-cheeked"}]},{"number":185,"label":"185","id":"b1-l185","source":"αὐτὸς ἰὼν κλισίην δὲ τὸ σὸν γέρας ὄφρʼ ἐῢ εἰδῇς","translation":"going myself to your hut — your own prize — so that you may know well","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l185.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"myself","note":"αὐτὸς ἰὼν, \"going myself,\" is Agamemnon's deliberate escalation: he will not send an attendant for Briseis but come to Achilles' own hut in person, turning the seizure into a public humiliation."},{"surface":"ἰὼν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἄγω","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"κλισίην","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἰὼν","gloss":"hut"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter article","role":"modifies γέρας","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"σὸν","lemma":"σός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies γέρας","gloss":"your own"},{"surface":"γέρας","lemma":"γέρας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"prize"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἐῢ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰδῇς","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"εἰδῇς","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"may know"}]},{"number":186,"label":"186","id":"b1-l186","source":"ὅσσον φέρτερός εἰμι σέθεν, στυγέῃ δὲ καὶ ἄλλος","translation":"how much mightier I am than you, and another too may shrink","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l186.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"στυγέῃ","title":"Subjunctive in a purpose clause","body":"στυγέῃ, present subjunctive of στυγέω, \"to shrink from, dread,\" continues the purpose clause begun with ὄφρʼ εἰδῇς in the line before (\"so that you may know... and [so that] another may shrink\"): the subjunctive marks both verbs as the intended result of Agamemnon's coming to seize Briseis himself."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὅσσον","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to εἰμι","gloss":"how much"},{"surface":"φέρτερός","lemma":"φέρτατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"mightier"},{"surface":"εἰμι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"object of εἰδῇς","gloss":"I am"},{"surface":"σέθεν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular pronoun","role":"modifies φέρτερός","gloss":"than you"},{"surface":"στυγέῃ","lemma":"στυγέω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"shrink"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of στυγέῃ","gloss":"another"}]},{"number":187,"label":"187","id":"b1-l187","source":"ἶσον ἐμοὶ φάσθαι καὶ ὁμοιωθήμεναι ἄντην.","translation":"from claiming to be my equal, and likening himself to me, face to face.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l187.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἶσον","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"equal"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἶσον","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"φάσθαι","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"claiming to be","note":"ἶσον ἐμοὶ φάσθαι, \"to claim to be equal to me,\" reveals what really drives Agamemnon: not the loss of Chryseis, but the threat Achilles' open defiance poses to the hierarchy of command."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὁμοιωθήμεναι","lemma":"ὁμοιόω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"likening himself"},{"surface":"ἄντην","lemma":"ἄντην","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὁμοιωθήμεναι","gloss":"face to face"}]},{"number":188,"label":"188","id":"b1-l188","source":"ὣς φάτο· Πηλεΐωνι δʼ ἄχος γένετʼ, ἐν δέ οἱ ἦτορ","translation":"So he spoke, and grief came upon the son of Peleus, and within his heart","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l188.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"Πηλεΐωνι","lemma":"Πηλείων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of γένετ̓","gloss":"son of Peleus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄχος","lemma":"ἄχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of γένετ̓","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"γένετ","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἦτορ","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of μερμήριξεν","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":189,"label":"189","id":"b1-l189","source":"στήθεσσιν λασίοισι διάνδιχα μερμήριξεν,","translation":"in his shaggy breast he pondered two ways,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l189.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στήθεσσιν","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"λασίοισι","lemma":"λάσιος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies στήθεσσιν","gloss":"shaggy","note":"λασίοισι, \"shaggy,\" is a startlingly physical epic detail for the seat of Achilles' emotion — the poem locates his deliberation in a body, not an abstraction."},{"surface":"διάνδιχα","lemma":"διάνδιχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μερμήριξεν","gloss":"two ways"},{"surface":"μερμήριξεν","lemma":"μερμηρίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pondered"}]},{"number":190,"label":"190","id":"b1-l190","source":"ἢ ὅ γε φάσγανον ὀξὺ ἐρυσσάμενος παρὰ μηροῦ","translation":"whether to draw the sharp sword from beside his thigh","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l190.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"whether","note":"The ἢ...ἦε construction spanning lines 190–192 lays out Achilles' two options in parallel — kill Agamemnon, or master his anger — the decision the goddess is about to interrupt."},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀναστήσειεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"φάσγανον","lemma":"φάσγανον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐρυσσάμενος","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"ὀξὺ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies φάσγανον","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"ἐρυσσάμενος","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀναστήσειεν","gloss":"drawing"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from beside"},{"surface":"μηροῦ","lemma":"μηρός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of παρὰ","gloss":"thigh"}]},{"number":191,"label":"191","id":"b1-l191","source":"τοὺς μὲν ἀναστήσειεν, ὃ δʼ Ἀτρεΐδην ἐναρίζοι,","translation":"and make the others rise, and cut down the son of Atreus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l191.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀναστήσειεν","gloss":"the others"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"ἀναστήσειεν","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"make rise"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐναρίζοι","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδην","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐναρίζοι","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"ἐναρίζοι","lemma":"ἐναρίζω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"cut down"}]},{"number":192,"label":"192","id":"b1-l192","source":"ἦε χόλον παύσειεν ἐρητύσειέ τε θυμόν.","translation":"or check his rage and restrain his spirit.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l192.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦε","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"χόλον","lemma":"χόλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of παύσειεν","gloss":"rage"},{"surface":"παύσειεν","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of τε","gloss":"check"},{"surface":"ἐρητύσειέ","lemma":"ἐρητύω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of τε","gloss":"restrain"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θυμόν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐρητύσειέ","gloss":"spirit"}]},{"number":193,"label":"193","id":"b1-l193","source":"ἧος ὃ ταῦθʼ ὥρμαινε κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμόν,","translation":"While he weighed this in his mind and heart,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l193.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἧος","lemma":"ἕως","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὥρμαινε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ταῦθ","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ὥρμαινε","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ὥρμαινε","lemma":"ὁρμαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"weighed"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρένα","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμόν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":194,"label":"194","id":"b1-l194","source":"ἕλκετο δʼ ἐκ κολεοῖο μέγα ξίφος, ἦλθε δʼ Ἀθήνη","translation":"and was drawing the great sword from its sheath, Athena came","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l194.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕλκετο","lemma":"ἕλκω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"was drawing"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"κολεοῖο","lemma":"κολεόν","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"sheath"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ξίφος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ξίφος","lemma":"ξίφος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἕλκετο","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθε","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":195,"label":"195","id":"b1-l195","source":"οὐρανόθεν· πρὸ γὰρ ἧκε θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη","translation":"down from heaven; for white-armed Hera sent her forth,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l195.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐρανόθεν","lemma":"οὐρανόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἦλθε","gloss":"from heaven"},{"surface":"πρὸ","lemma":"πρό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"forth","note":"πρὸ...ἧκε is tmesis: the preposition πρό, \"forth,\" is split from ἵημι (\"send\") — Hera sends Athena forth from heaven before Achilles' hand reaches his sword."},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἧκε","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"λευκώλενος","lemma":"λευκώλενος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies θεὰ","gloss":"white-armed"},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":196,"label":"196","id":"b1-l196","source":"ἄμφω ὁμῶς θυμῷ φιλέουσά τε κηδομένη τε·","translation":"loving both men alike in her heart and caring for them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l196.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄμφω","lemma":"ἄμφω","morphology":"accusative dual masculine adjective","role":"object of τε","gloss":"both","note":"Hera's equal love for both men — ἄμφω ὁμῶς, \"both alike\" — is the reason she intervenes: she is not protecting Achilles from Agamemnon, but protecting the Achaean cause both men still serve."},{"surface":"ὁμῶς","lemma":"ὁμῶς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"alike"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"φιλέουσά","lemma":"φιλέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"loving"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κηδομένη","lemma":"κήδω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"caring"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":197,"label":"197","id":"b1-l197","source":"στῆ δʼ ὄπιθεν, ξανθῆς δὲ κόμης ἕλε Πηλεΐωνα","translation":"She stood behind him, and seized the son of Peleus by his golden hair,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l197.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄπιθεν","lemma":"ὄπισθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to στῆ","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"ξανθῆς","lemma":"ξανθός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κόμης","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κόμης","lemma":"κόμη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἕλε","gloss":"hair","note":"Athena seizes Achilles by the hair from behind — a gesture of restraint visible, the poem stresses, only to him."},{"surface":"ἕλε","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized"},{"surface":"Πηλεΐωνα","lemma":"Πηλείων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕλε","gloss":"son of Peleus"}]},{"number":198,"label":"198","id":"b1-l198","source":"οἴῳ φαινομένη· τῶν δʼ ἄλλων οὔ τις ὁρᾶτο·","translation":"appearing to him alone; none of the others saw her.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l198.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴῳ","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"φαινομένη","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἕλε","gloss":"appearing","note":"Only Achilles can see Athena here; the rest of the assembly notices nothing, a common Homeric device for divine intervention in a human scene."},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἄλλων","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὁρᾶτο","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ὁρᾶτο","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"saw"}]},{"number":199,"label":"199","id":"b1-l199","source":"θάμβησεν δʼ Ἀχιλεύς, μετὰ δʼ ἐτράπετʼ, αὐτίκα δʼ ἔγνω","translation":"Achilles was amazed, and turned, and at once knew","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l199.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θάμβησεν","lemma":"θαμβέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was amazed"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"μετά here is split off from ἐτράπετ(’) in tmesis: μετα-τρέπομαι as one verb means \"turn around,\" so the preposition contributes no separate English word."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐτράπετ","lemma":"τρέπω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔγνω","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔγνω","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"knew"}]},{"number":200,"label":"200","id":"b1-l200","source":"Παλλάδʼ Ἀθηναίην· δεινὼ δέ οἱ ὄσσε φάανθεν·","translation":"Pallas Athena; for her eyes shone terribly.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l200.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"δεινὼ ... ὄσσε","title":"Dual eyes","body":"ὄσσε, \"the two eyes,\" is a genuine dual noun, and δεινὼ agrees with it in the dual; the plural verb φάανθεν that follows is a common Homeric mixing of dual subject with plural agreement. The construction marks the eyes as a natural pair, the same grammatical logic seen with the dual verbs of Book 1's opening quarrel."}],"words":[{"surface":"Παλλάδ","lemma":"Παλλάς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθηναίην","gloss":"Pallas"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίην","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔγνω","gloss":"Athena"},{"surface":"δεινὼ","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"nominative dual neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"terrible","note":"δεινώ and ὄσσε are both dual forms — Homeric Greek still marks a natural pair (here, two eyes) with its own number distinct from singular and plural."},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies ὄσσε","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"ὄσσε","lemma":"ὄσσε","morphology":"nominative dual neuter noun","role":"subject of φάανθεν","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"φάανθεν","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shone"}]},{"number":201,"label":"201","id":"b1-l201","source":"καί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"And speaking to her he addressed her with winged words:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l201.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα","title":"Winged words","body":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα, \"winged words,\" is one of Homer's most famous formulas, introducing direct speech throughout both poems. The image is of words that fly swiftly from speaker to hearer."}],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"φωνήσας","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":202,"label":"202","id":"b1-l202","source":"τίπτʼ αὖτʼ αἰγιόχοιο Διὸς τέκος εἰλήλουθας;","translation":"\"Why have you come again, child of Zeus who bears the aegis?","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l202.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τίπτ","lemma":"τίπτε","morphology":"pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἰλήλουθας","gloss":"why","note":"τίπτε is a fused contraction of τί ποτε, \"why ever/why on earth\" — one word doing the work of an emphatic English phrase."},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰλήλουθας","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"αἰγιόχοιο","lemma":"αἰγίοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"aegis-bearing"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τέκος","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"τέκος","lemma":"τέκος","morphology":"vocative singular neuter noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"child","note":"τέκος is vocative, addressed directly to Athena; Achilles names her by an epithet rather than a governing verb, which is why the parser marks the phrase as \"governed by an elided head\" — a direct address standing on its own."},{"surface":"εἰλήλουθας","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have come"}]},{"number":203,"label":"203","id":"b1-l203","source":"ἦ ἵνα ὕβριν ἴδῃ Ἀγαμέμνονος Ἀτρεΐδαο;","translation":"Is it to see the outrage of Agamemnon, son of Atreus?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l203.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ὕβριν","lemma":"ὕβρις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἴδῃ","gloss":"outrage"},{"surface":"ἴδῃ","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνονος","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὕβριν","gloss":"of Agamemnon"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδαο","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνονος","gloss":"son of Atreus"}]},{"number":204,"label":"204","id":"b1-l204","source":"ἀλλʼ ἔκ τοι ἐρέω, τὸ δὲ καὶ τελέεσθαι ὀΐω·","translation":"But I will tell you plainly, and I think this will be fulfilled:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l204.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"plainly","note":"Another tmesis: ἐκ … ἐρέω is one verb, \"speak out plainly,\" with the preposition detached and placed early in the line."},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐρέω","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἐρέω","lemma":"ἐρῶ","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will tell"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of τελέεσθαι","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"τελέεσθαι","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ὀΐω","gloss":"be fulfilled"},{"surface":"ὀΐω","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"think"}]},{"number":205,"label":"205","id":"b1-l205","source":"ᾗς ὑπεροπλίῃσι τάχʼ ἄν ποτε θυμὸν ὀλέσσῃ.","translation":"by his own arrogance he may soon lose his life.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l205.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ᾗς","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὑπεροπλίῃσι","gloss":"his own","note":"ὗς here is the archaic reflexive possessive ἑός (\"his own\"), not the relative pronoun ὅς — it stresses that Agamemnon's arrogance is self-inflicted."},{"surface":"ὑπεροπλίῃσι","lemma":"ὑπεροπλία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὀλέσσῃ","gloss":"arrogance"},{"surface":"τάχ","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀλέσσῃ","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"ἄν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ποτε","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ὀλέσσῃ","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀλέσσῃ","gloss":"life","note":"θυμός is the Homeric \"spirit\" or life-breath, not just \"life\" in the abstract — losing one's θυμός means dying."},{"surface":"ὀλέσσῃ","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lose"}]},{"number":206,"label":"206","id":"b1-l206","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη·","translation":"Then the goddess, bright-eyed Athena, answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l206.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη","title":"Bright-eyed Athena","body":"γλαυκῶπις, \"bright-eyed\" or \"gleaming-eyed,\" is Athena's standing epithet, locked to this same rendering throughout the Odyssey; it recurs here at her first extended appearance in the Iliad."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"bright-eyed"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":207,"label":"207","id":"b1-l207","source":"ἦλθον ἐγὼ παύσουσα τὸ σὸν μένος, αἴ κε πίθηαι,","translation":"\"I have come to check your fury, if you will obey,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l207.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦλθον","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have come"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦλθον","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"παύσουσα","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"future active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθον","gloss":"to check"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter article","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"σὸν","lemma":"σός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of παύσουσα","gloss":"fury"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"πίθηαι","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"obey"}]},{"number":208,"label":"208","id":"b1-l208","source":"οὐρανόθεν· πρὸ δέ μʼ ἧκε θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη","translation":"down from heaven; for white-armed Hera sent me forth,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l208.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐρανόθεν","lemma":"οὐρανόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἦλθον","gloss":"from heaven"},{"surface":"πρὸ","lemma":"πρό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"forth","note":"A third tmesis in this scene: προ…ἧκε is προίημι, \"send forth,\" with its preposition detached — typical of Homeric verse, which frees particles to fill the meter."},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἧκε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἧκε","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"λευκώλενος","lemma":"λευκώλενος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"white-armed"},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":209,"label":"209","id":"b1-l209","source":"ἄμφω ὁμῶς θυμῷ φιλέουσά τε κηδομένη τε·","translation":"loving both of you alike in her heart and caring for you.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l209.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄμφω","lemma":"ἄμφω","morphology":"accusative dual masculine adjective","role":"object of τε","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"ὁμῶς","lemma":"ὁμῶς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"alike"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"φιλέουσά","lemma":"φιλέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"loving"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and","note":"φιλέουσά τε … κηδομένη τε is a τε…τε pair yoking the two participles (\"loving and caring\"), so both particles carry the coordinating sense even though English needs only one \"and.\""},{"surface":"κηδομένη","lemma":"κήδω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"caring"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":210,"label":"210","id":"b1-l210","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε λῆγʼ ἔριδος, μηδὲ ξίφος ἕλκεο χειρί·","translation":"Come, cease from strife, and do not go on drawing the sword with your hand;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l210.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"λῆγʼ ... ἕλκεο","title":"Present imperatives: stop an action in progress","body":"λῆγε and ἕλκεο are present imperatives negated by μηδέ, the regular Greek way to tell someone to stop doing something already underway (\"quit your quarreling,\" \"quit drawing that sword\"). This differs from the aorist subjunctive prohibition (μή with an aorist, as at Book 1 line 26's μή...κιχείω), which forbids a single act not yet begun."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"λῆγ","lemma":"λήγω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cease"},{"surface":"ἔριδος","lemma":"ἔρις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of λῆγ̓","gloss":"strife"},{"surface":"ξίφος","lemma":"ξίφος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἕλκεο","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"ἕλκεο","lemma":"ἕλκω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"draw"},{"surface":"χειρί","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἕλκεο","gloss":"hand"}]},{"number":211,"label":"211","id":"b1-l211","source":"ἀλλʼ ἤτοι ἔπεσιν μὲν ὀνείδισον ὡς ἔσεταί περ·","translation":"but rebuke him instead with words, as indeed it shall be.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l211.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"instead"},{"surface":"ἔπεσιν","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ὀνείδισον","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand","note":"This μέν has no answering δέ nearby; Homer sometimes uses μέν alone for simple emphasis rather than as half of a formal contrast."},{"surface":"ὀνείδισον","lemma":"ὀνειδίζω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rebuke"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσεταί","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ἔσεταί","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ὀνείδισον","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":212,"label":"212","id":"b1-l212","source":"ὧδε γὰρ ἐξερέω, τὸ δὲ καὶ τετελεσμένον ἔσται·","translation":"For thus I tell you, and this shall be brought to pass:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l212.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐξερέω","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐξερέω","lemma":"ἐξερέω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἔσται","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"τετελεσμένον","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"brought to pass"},{"surface":"ἔσται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall be"}]},{"number":213,"label":"213","id":"b1-l213","source":"καί ποτέ τοι τρὶς τόσσα παρέσσεται ἀγλαὰ δῶρα","translation":"one day three times as many splendid gifts shall be given you","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l213.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ποτέ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to παρέσσεται","gloss":"one day"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of παρέσσεται","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"τρὶς","lemma":"τρίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"three times"},{"surface":"τόσσα","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶρα","gloss":"as many"},{"surface":"παρέσσεται","lemma":"πάρειμι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"given","note":"παρέσσεται is literally \"will be at hand/present\" (πάρειμι), rendered here as \"shall be given\" since the sense is that the gifts will come to Achilles."},{"surface":"ἀγλαὰ","lemma":"ἀγλαός","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶρα","gloss":"splendid"},{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of παρέσσεται","gloss":"gifts"}]},{"number":214,"label":"214","id":"b1-l214","source":"ὕβριος εἵνεκα τῆσδε· σὺ δʼ ἴσχεο, πείθεο δʼ ἡμῖν.","translation":"because of this outrage; but hold back, and obey us.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l214.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὕβριος","lemma":"ὕβρις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to εἵνεκα","gloss":"outrage"},{"surface":"εἵνεκα","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"because of"},{"surface":"τῆσδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies ὕβριος","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἴσχεο","lemma":"ἴσχω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hold back"},{"surface":"πείθεο","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"obey"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἡμῖν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of πείθεο","gloss":"us"}]},{"number":215,"label":"215","id":"b1-l215","source":"τὴν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς·","translation":"Then swift-footed Achilles answered her and said:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l215.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"πόδας","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὠκὺς","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"ὠκὺς","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":216,"label":"216","id":"b1-l216","source":"χρὴ μὲν σφωΐτερόν γε θεὰ ἔπος εἰρύσσασθαι","translation":"\"Goddess, it is right to heed the word of you both,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l216.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χρὴ","lemma":"χρή","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is right","note":"χρή is an impersonal verb, \"it is necessary/right,\" taking no subject of its own — the whole clause reads literally \"[it] is right to heed.\""},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"σφωΐτερόν","lemma":"σφωίτερος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπος","gloss":"of you both"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Goddess"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἰρύσσασθαι","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"εἰρύσσασθαι","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of χρὴ","gloss":"heed"}]},{"number":217,"label":"217","id":"b1-l217","source":"καὶ μάλα περ θυμῷ κεχολωμένον· ὧς γὰρ ἄμεινον·","translation":"however angered a man may be at heart — for so it is better.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l217.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"however","note":"καὶ … περ is a concessive pairing, \"however much/although,\" softening the command that follows."},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κεχολωμένον","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κεχολωμένον","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"κεχολωμένον","lemma":"χολόω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἰρύσσασθαι","gloss":"angered"},{"surface":"ὧς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἄμεινον","lemma":"ἀμείνων","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"better"}]},{"number":218,"label":"218","id":"b1-l218","source":"ὅς κε θεοῖς ἐπιπείθηται μάλα τʼ ἔκλυον αὐτοῦ.","translation":"Whoever obeys the gods, to him they gladly listen.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l218.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπιπείθηται","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"θεοῖς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπιπείθηται","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"ἐπιπείθηται","lemma":"ἐπιπείθομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing αὐτοῦ","gloss":"obeys"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔκλυον","gloss":"gladly"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"This τε is the Homeric \"gnomic\" particle that marks a general, proverb-like truth (\"the gods gladly listen to whoever obeys them\"); it has no coordinating job and is normally left untranslated."},{"surface":"ἔκλυον","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"listen"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἔκλυον","gloss":"to him"}]},{"number":219,"label":"219","id":"b1-l219","source":"ἦ καὶ ἐπʼ ἀργυρέῃ κώπῃ σχέθε χεῖρα βαρεῖαν,","translation":"So he spoke, and stayed his heavy hand upon the silver hilt,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l219.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke","note":"This ἦ is the verb ἤμί (\"he/she said\"), not the particle ἦ that appears elsewhere in this scene as \"truly\" — same spelling, different word."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ἀργυρέῃ","lemma":"ἀργύρεος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κώπῃ","gloss":"silver"},{"surface":"κώπῃ","lemma":"κώπη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"hilt"},{"surface":"σχέθε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stayed","note":"σχέθε (from ἔχω) means \"held back/checked,\" stronger than a neutral \"held\" — Achilles physically restrains his own sword hand."},{"surface":"χεῖρα","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of σχέθε","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"βαρεῖαν","lemma":"βαρύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χεῖρα","gloss":"heavy"}]},{"number":220,"label":"220","id":"b1-l220","source":"ἂψ δʼ ἐς κουλεὸν ὦσε μέγα ξίφος, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησε","translation":"and thrust the great sword back into its sheath, and did not disobey","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l220.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὦσε","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"κουλεὸν","lemma":"κολεόν","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"sheath"},{"surface":"ὦσε","lemma":"ὠθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"thrust"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ξίφος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ξίφος","lemma":"ξίφος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὦσε","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"ἀπίθησε","lemma":"ἀπιθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"disobey","note":"ἀπίθησε is πιθέω (\"obey\") with a negating prefix, literally \"un-obeyed\" — Homeric Greek builds the negative right into the verb."}]},{"number":221,"label":"221","id":"b1-l221","source":"μύθῳ Ἀθηναίης· ἣ δʼ Οὔλυμπον δὲ βεβήκει","translation":"the word of Athena; and she had gone to Olympus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l221.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μύθῳ","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπίθησε","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίης","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies μύθῳ","gloss":"Athena's"},{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of βεβήκει","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Οὔλυμπον","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βεβήκει","gloss":"Olympus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"to","note":"This -δε is not the conjunction δέ but the old directional suffix (as in Ἰλιόν-δε, \"to Ilium\"): Οὖλυμπον δέ here means \"toward/to Olympus.\""},{"surface":"βεβήκει","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had gone"}]},{"number":222,"label":"222","id":"b1-l222","source":"δώματʼ ἐς αἰγιόχοιο Διὸς μετὰ δαίμονας ἄλλους.","translation":"to the house of Zeus who bears the aegis, among the other gods.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l222.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δώματ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"αἰγιόχοιο","lemma":"αἰγίοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"aegis-bearing"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δώματ̓","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"δαίμονας","lemma":"δαίμων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"ἄλλους","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies δαίμονας","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":223,"label":"223","id":"b1-l223","source":"Πηλεΐδης δʼ ἐξαῦτις ἀταρτηροῖς ἐπέεσσιν","translation":"But the son of Peleus once more with bitter words","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l223.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πηλεΐδης","lemma":"Πηλείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπε","gloss":"son of Peleus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐξαῦτις","lemma":"ἐξαῦτις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσέειπε","gloss":"once more"},{"surface":"ἀταρτηροῖς","lemma":"ἀταρτηρός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἐπέεσσιν","gloss":"bitter"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσιν","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to προσέειπε","gloss":"words"}]},{"number":224,"label":"224","id":"b1-l224","source":"Ἀτρεΐδην προσέειπε, καὶ οὔ πω λῆγε χόλοιο·","translation":"addressed the son of Atreus, and had not yet ceased from his rage:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l224.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδην","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πω","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"λῆγε","lemma":"λήγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ceased"},{"surface":"χόλοιο","lemma":"χόλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of λῆγε","gloss":"rage","note":"χόλοιο is genitive because λῆγε (\"cease\") takes a genitive of separation — \"cease from his rage,\" the case marking what one is ceasing from."}]},{"number":225,"label":"225","id":"b1-l225","source":"οἰνοβαρές, κυνὸς ὄμματʼ ἔχων, κραδίην δʼ ἐλάφοιο,","translation":"\"You, heavy with wine, with the eyes of a dog and the heart of a deer,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l225.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἰνοβαρές","lemma":"οἰνοβαρής","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"wine-heavy","note":"Achilles opens his second outburst with a string of animal insults — dog's eyes, deer's heart — that Homeric heroes use to shame a man as a coward, not literally as a drunkard."},{"surface":"κυνὸς","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὄμματ̓","gloss":"dog's"},{"surface":"ὄμματ","lemma":"ὄμμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies οἰνοβαρές","gloss":"having"},{"surface":"κραδίην","lemma":"καρδία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐλάφοιο","lemma":"ἔλαφος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κραδίην","gloss":"deer's"}]},{"number":226,"label":"226","id":"b1-l226","source":"οὔτέ ποτʼ ἐς πόλεμον ἅμα λαῷ θωρηχθῆναι","translation":"never once have you dared to arm for battle with the host,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l226.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔτέ","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"never","note":"οὔτε … οὔτε (\"neither … nor,\" split across l226–227) is a correlative negative pair, each half needing its own English word even though the Greek repeats the same particle."},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πόλεμον","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐς","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"λαῷ","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἅμα","gloss":"host"},{"surface":"θωρηχθῆναι","lemma":"θωρήσσω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"object of οὔ","gloss":"arm"}]},{"number":227,"label":"227","id":"b1-l227","source":"οὔτε λόχον δʼ ἰέναι σὺν ἀριστήεσσιν Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"nor go into ambush with the bravest of the Achaeans;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l227.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λόχον","lemma":"λόχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἰέναι","gloss":"ambush","note":"Night ambush duty (λόχος) was considered the most dangerous and prestigious combat assignment in the Homeric army; Achilles accuses Agamemnon of always avoiding it."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"ἰέναι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of οὔ","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ἀριστήεσσιν","lemma":"ἀριστεύς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"bravest"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀριστήεσσιν","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":228,"label":"228","id":"b1-l228","source":"τέτληκας θυμῷ· τὸ δέ τοι κὴρ εἴδεται εἶναι.","translation":"that seems to you like death itself.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l228.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τέτληκας","lemma":"τλάω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have endured"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to τέτληκας","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of εἴδεται","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies κὴρ","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"κὴρ","lemma":"κήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"εἴδεται","lemma":"εἴδομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seems"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of εἴδεται","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":229,"label":"229","id":"b1-l229","source":"ἦ πολὺ λώϊόν ἐστι κατὰ στρατὸν εὐρὺν Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"Far easier it is, throughout the wide camp of the Achaeans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l229.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"λώϊόν","lemma":"λωίων","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"easier","note":"λώϊόν is a comparative (\"more preferable/better\"), rendered here as \"easier\" to fit the sarcastic point: it is easier to bully a comrade than to fight the enemy."},{"surface":"ἐστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"στρατὸν","lemma":"στρατός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"camp"},{"surface":"εὐρὺν","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies στρατὸν","gloss":"wide"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies στρατὸν","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":230,"label":"230","id":"b1-l230","source":"δῶρʼ ἀποαιρεῖσθαι ὅς τις σέθεν ἀντίον εἴπῃ·","translation":"to strip the gifts from any man who speaks against you.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l230.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῶρ","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀποαιρεῖσθαι","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"ἀποαιρεῖσθαι","lemma":"ἀφαιρέω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"subject of ἐστι","gloss":"to strip"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴπῃ","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"σέθεν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular pronoun","role":"modifies ἀντίον","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to εἴπῃ","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"εἴπῃ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἀποαιρεῖσθαι","gloss":"speaks"}]},{"number":231,"label":"231","id":"b1-l231","source":"δημοβόρος βασιλεὺς ἐπεὶ οὐτιδανοῖσιν ἀνάσσεις·","translation":"People-devouring king, since you rule over men of nothing!","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l231.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δημοβόρος","title":"People-devouring","body":"δημοβόρος is a compound of δῆμος (\"people\") and the root of βιβρώσκω (\"devour\"): a king who \"eats up\" his own people. Achilles hurls it as one of the poem's sharpest insults, accusing Agamemnon of feeding on those he should protect."}],"words":[{"surface":"δημοβόρος","lemma":"δημοβόρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies βασιλεὺς","gloss":"people-devouring","note":"δημοβόρος, \"people-devouring,\" is one of the sharpest insults in the poem — it accuses Agamemnon of consuming the very army he is meant to lead, not just of greed for gifts."},{"surface":"βασιλεὺς","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὐτιδανοῖσιν","lemma":"οὐτιδανός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀνάσσεις","gloss":"men of nothing"},{"surface":"ἀνάσσεις","lemma":"ἀνάσσω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"rule"}]},{"number":232,"label":"232","id":"b1-l232","source":"ἦ γὰρ ἂν Ἀτρεΐδη νῦν ὕστατα λωβήσαιο.","translation":"Otherwise, son of Atreus, this would be the last outrage you commit.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l232.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"λωβήσαιο","title":"Commit outrage","body":"λωβάομαι means to inflict outrage or violent insult, the same root behind the noun λώβη. The aorist optative with ἄν here expresses a near-certain result: Achilles is telling Agamemnon this would be the last such outrage he commits."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"otherwise"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδη","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λωβήσαιο","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ὕστατα","lemma":"ὕστατος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to λωβήσαιο","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"λωβήσαιο","lemma":"λωβάομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"commit outrage"}]},{"number":233,"label":"233","id":"b1-l233","source":"ἀλλʼ ἔκ τοι ἐρέω καὶ ἐπὶ μέγαν ὅρκον ὀμοῦμαι·","translation":"But I will tell you plainly, and swear a great oath upon it:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l233.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"plainly"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐρέω","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἐρέω","lemma":"ἐρῶ","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will tell"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"μέγαν","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὅρκον","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ὅρκον","lemma":"ὅρκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀμοῦμαι","gloss":"oath"},{"surface":"ὀμοῦμαι","lemma":"ὄμνυμι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"swear","note":"ὀμοῦμαι is the future of ὄμνυμι, \"to swear an oath\" — the verb that sets up the elaborate scepter-oath filling the next six lines."}]},{"number":234,"label":"234","id":"b1-l234","source":"ναὶ μὰ τόδε σκῆπτρον, τὸ μὲν οὔ ποτε φύλλα καὶ ὄζους","translation":"by this scepter — which shall never again put forth leaves and boughs,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l234.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ναὶ","lemma":"ναί","morphology":"adverb","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"μὰ","lemma":"μά","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"by","note":"Swearing by an object (here, the scepter) rather than by a god is a formal Homeric oath-formula: ναὶ μὰ … marks the strongest possible pledge Achilles can make."},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies σκῆπτρον","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"σκῆπτρον","lemma":"σκῆπτρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"scepter"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"ποτε","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to φύσει","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"φύλλα","lemma":"φύλλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"leaves"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄζους","lemma":"ὄζος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"boughs"}]},{"number":235,"label":"235","id":"b1-l235","source":"φύσει, ἐπεὶ δὴ πρῶτα τομὴν ἐν ὄρεσσι λέλοιπεν,","translation":"since first it left its stump behind on the mountains,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l235.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φύσει","lemma":"φυσάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"put forth"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"πρῶτα","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to λέλοιπεν","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"τομὴν","lemma":"τομή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of λέλοιπεν","gloss":"stump"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ὄρεσσι","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"mountains"},{"surface":"λέλοιπεν","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"left","note":"This scepter-oath (l234–239) is one of the Iliad's set-piece images: a branch cut from a living tree, worked in bronze, that will never sprout leaves again — a dead thing made permanent, unlike the living, changeable world of men."}]},{"number":236,"label":"236","id":"b1-l236","source":"οὐδʼ ἀναθηλήσει· περὶ γάρ ῥά ἑ χαλκὸς ἔλεψε","translation":"nor will it bloom again, for the bronze has stripped it round","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l236.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀναθηλήσει","lemma":"ἀναθηλέω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"bloom"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"round"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then","note":"ῥά (an enclitic form of ἄρα) is a common Homeric inferential particle, marking that this fact follows naturally/as expected from what was just said."},{"surface":"ἑ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἔλεψε","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"χαλκὸς","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔλεψε","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ἔλεψε","lemma":"λέπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stripped"}]},{"number":237,"label":"237","id":"b1-l237","source":"φύλλά τε καὶ φλοιόν· νῦν αὖτέ μιν υἷες Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"of leaf and bark; and now the sons of the Achaeans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l237.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φύλλά","lemma":"φύλλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"leaf"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and","note":"φύλλά τε καὶ φλοιόν is a τε…καὶ pair, \"leaf and bark,\" so τε shares the coordinating job with καί even though English needs only the one \"and.\""},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φλοιόν","lemma":"φλοιός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"bark"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φορέουσι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"αὖτέ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of φορέουσι","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"υἷες","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of φορέουσι","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷες","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":238,"label":"238","id":"b1-l238","source":"ἐν παλάμῃς φορέουσι δικασπόλοι, οἵ τε θέμιστας","translation":"carry it in their palms as judges, who guard the ordinances","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l238.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"παλάμῃς","lemma":"παλάμη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"palms"},{"surface":"φορέουσι","lemma":"φορέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carry"},{"surface":"δικασπόλοι","lemma":"δικασπόλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"judges"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἰρύαται","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"θέμιστας","lemma":"θέμις","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of εἰρύαται","gloss":"ordinances"}]},{"number":239,"label":"239","id":"b1-l239","source":"πρὸς Διὸς εἰρύαται· ὃ δέ τοι μέγας ἔσσεται ὅρκος·","translation":"that come from Zeus — and this shall be my great oath to you:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l239.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πρὸς","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"εἰρύαται","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δικασπόλοι","gloss":"come","note":"εἰρύαται is a perfect passive form used with present force in Homer (\"they are held/derive\"), a common Homeric use of the perfect for an ongoing state rather than a completed action."},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔσσεται","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔσσεται","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"μέγας","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὅρκος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ἔσσεται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall be"},{"surface":"ὅρκος","lemma":"ὅρκος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"oath"}]},{"number":240,"label":"240","id":"b1-l240","source":"ἦ ποτʼ Ἀχιλλῆος ποθὴ ἵξεται υἷας Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"one day a longing for Achilles will come upon the sons of the Achaeans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l240.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἵξεται","gloss":"one day"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλῆος","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ποθὴ","gloss":"for Achilles"},{"surface":"ποθὴ","lemma":"ποθή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἵξεται","gloss":"longing"},{"surface":"ἵξεται","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will come"},{"surface":"υἷας","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἵξεται","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷας","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":241,"label":"241","id":"b1-l241","source":"σύμπαντας· τότε δʼ οὔ τι δυνήσεαι ἀχνύμενός περ","translation":"all of them; and then, grieving as you are, you will have no power","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l241.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σύμπαντας","lemma":"σύμπας","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷας","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δυνήσεαι","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"δυνήσεαι","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have power","note":"δυνήσεαι is the future of δύναμαι, \"to be able\" — Nestor's prophecy of Achilles' future helplessness once he has withdrawn from battle."},{"surface":"ἀχνύμενός","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"present passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δυνήσεαι","gloss":"grieving"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"}]},{"number":242,"label":"242","id":"b1-l242","source":"χραισμεῖν, εὖτʼ ἂν πολλοὶ ὑφʼ Ἕκτορος ἀνδροφόνοιο","translation":"to help them, when many fall dying beneath man-slaying Hector","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l242.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χραισμεῖν","lemma":"χραισμέω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of δυνήσεαι","gloss":"help"},{"surface":"εὖτ","lemma":"εὖτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"πολλοὶ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of πίπτωσι","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ὑφ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορος","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑφ̓","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"ἀνδροφόνοιο","lemma":"ἀνδροφόνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορος","gloss":"man-slaying"}]},{"number":243,"label":"243","id":"b1-l243","source":"θνήσκοντες πίπτωσι· σὺ δʼ ἔνδοθι θυμὸν ἀμύξεις","translation":"and are cut down; and you will tear at your heart within you,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l243.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θνήσκοντες","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to πίπτωσι","gloss":"dying"},{"surface":"πίπτωσι","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to εὖτ̓","gloss":"are cut down","note":"The single Greek clause θνήσκοντες πίπτωσι (\"falling, dying\") is split by the translation across lines 242–243, since English needs a verb (\"fall\") where Homer's participle-plus-verb construction packs both ideas together."},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἀμύξεις","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔνδοθι","lemma":"ἔνδοθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀμύξεις","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμύξεις","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἀμύξεις","lemma":"ἀμύσσω","morphology":"future active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tear at"}]},{"number":244,"label":"244","id":"b1-l244","source":"χωόμενος ὅ τʼ ἄριστον Ἀχαιῶν οὐδὲν ἔτισας.","translation":"raging that you paid no honor to the best of the Achaeans.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l244.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χωόμενος","lemma":"χώομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀμύξεις","gloss":"raging"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἄριστον","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἔτισας","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄριστον","gloss":"of the Achaeans"},{"surface":"οὐδὲν","lemma":"οὐδείς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔτισας","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"ἔτισας","lemma":"τίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅ","gloss":"honored","note":"This is Nestor's grim prophecy of Achilles' withdrawal and its cost — a forecast the poem will spend the next twenty-three books fulfilling."}]},{"number":245,"label":"245","id":"b1-l245","source":"ὣς φάτο Πηλεΐδης, ποτὶ δὲ σκῆπτρον βάλε γαίῃ","translation":"So the son of Peleus spoke, and dashed the scepter to the ground,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l245.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"Πηλεΐδης","lemma":"Πηλείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"son of Peleus"},{"surface":"ποτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"ποτί here is an alternate form of πρός detached in tmesis from an implied verb of motion, reinforcing the direction \"to(ward)\" already given by γαίῃ."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σκῆπτρον","lemma":"σκῆπτρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"scepter"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dashed"},{"surface":"γαίῃ","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"to the ground","note":"The scepter Achilles hurls down here is the very one from his own earlier oath at l234 — the symbol of orderly speech in assembly, thrown aside as the quarrel turns physical."}]},{"number":246,"label":"246","id":"b1-l246","source":"χρυσείοις ἥλοισι πεπαρμένον, ἕζετο δʼ αὐτός·","translation":"studded with golden nails, and sat down himself;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l246.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χρυσείοις","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἥλοισι","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"ἥλοισι","lemma":"ἧλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of πεπαρμένον","gloss":"nails"},{"surface":"πεπαρμένον","lemma":"πείρω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifies σκῆπτρον","gloss":"studded","note":"πεπαρμένον is a perfect passive participle of πείρω, \"pierce/drive through\" — the golden nails are literally driven into the wood."},{"surface":"ἕζετο","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat down"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτός","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"}]},{"number":247,"label":"247","id":"b1-l247","source":"Ἀτρεΐδης δʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἐμήνιε· τοῖσι δὲ Νέστωρ","translation":"and on the other side the son of Atreus raged. Then among them Nestor","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l247.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐμήνιε","title":"A second wrath","body":"ἐμήνιε is built on the same root as μῆνις, the poem's opening word for Achilles' wrath. Here it describes Agamemnon: the poem's governing term for towering rage is not confined to its hero alone."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδης","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐμήνιε","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑτέρωθεν","lemma":"ἑτέρωθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐμήνιε","gloss":"on the other side"},{"surface":"ἐμήνιε","lemma":"μηνίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"raged"},{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀνόρουσε","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Νέστωρ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Nestor"}]},{"number":248,"label":"248","id":"b1-l248","source":"ἡδυεπὴς ἀνόρουσε λιγὺς Πυλίων ἀγορητής,","translation":"the honey-voiced rose up, the clear-toned speaker of the Pylians,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l248.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἡδυεπής","title":"Honey-voiced","body":"ἡδυεπής, \"sweet-worded,\" is Nestor's introductory epithet, reinforced by the simile that follows (his speech flows \"sweeter than honey\"). It marks him as the assembly's premier orator, an elder whose persuasive skill compensates for his fading strength in battle."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἡδυεπὴς","lemma":"ἡδυεπής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Νέστωρ","gloss":"honey-voiced"},{"surface":"ἀνόρουσε","lemma":"ἀνορούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose up"},{"surface":"λιγὺς","lemma":"λιγύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀγορητής","gloss":"clear-toned"},{"surface":"Πυλίων","lemma":"Πύλιος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀγορητής","gloss":"of the Pylians"},{"surface":"ἀγορητής","lemma":"ἀγορητής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"speaker"}]},{"number":249,"label":"249","id":"b1-l249","source":"τοῦ καὶ ἀπὸ γλώσσης μέλιτος γλυκίων ῥέεν αὐδή·","translation":"from whose tongue speech flowed sweeter than honey.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l249.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies γλώσσης","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"γλώσσης","lemma":"γλῶσσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"tongue"},{"surface":"μέλιτος","lemma":"μέλι","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies γλυκίων","gloss":"than honey"},{"surface":"γλυκίων","lemma":"γλυκύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine comparative adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"sweeter"},{"surface":"ῥέεν","lemma":"ῥέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Νέστωρ","gloss":"flowed"},{"surface":"αὐδή","lemma":"αὐδή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ῥέεν","gloss":"speech","note":"\"Sweeter than honey\" is Nestor's signature epithet in the Iliad, marking him from his first appearance as the poem's model of persuasive, emollient speech — set against Achilles' and Agamemnon's raw anger."}]},{"number":250,"label":"250","id":"b1-l250","source":"τῷ δʼ ἤδη δύο μὲν γενεαὶ μερόπων ἀνθρώπων","translation":"For him already two generations of mortal men","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l250.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐφθίαθ̓","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐφθίαθ̓","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"δύο","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies γενεαὶ","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand","note":"The μέν here is answered only three lines later by μετὰ δὲ τριτάτοισιν ἄνασσεν (\"and now he ruled among the third [generation]\"), so \"on the one hand ... on the other\" spans the whole sketch of Nestor's great age."},{"surface":"γενεαὶ","lemma":"γενεά","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐφθίαθ̓","gloss":"generations"},{"surface":"μερόπων","lemma":"μέροψ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνθρώπων","gloss":"mortal"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies γενεαὶ","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":251,"label":"251","id":"b1-l251","source":"ἐφθίαθʼ, οἵ οἱ πρόσθεν ἅμα τράφεν ἠδʼ ἐγένοντο","translation":"had perished, who had been born and reared alongside him before,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l251.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐφθίαθ","lemma":"φθίω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had perished"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἠδ̓","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἅμα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"πρόσθεν","lemma":"πρόσθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠδ̓","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"alongside"},{"surface":"τράφεν","lemma":"τρέφω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδ̓","gloss":"reared"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐγένοντο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδ̓","gloss":"born"}]},{"number":252,"label":"252","id":"b1-l252","source":"ἐν Πύλῳ ἠγαθέῃ, μετὰ δὲ τριτάτοισιν ἄνασσεν·","translation":"in sacred Pylos, and now he ruled among the third.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l252.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Πύλῳ","lemma":"Πύλος","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"Pylos"},{"surface":"ἠγαθέῃ","lemma":"ἠγάθεος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Πύλῳ","gloss":"sacred"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τριτάτοισιν","lemma":"τρίτατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"third"},{"surface":"ἄνασσεν","lemma":"ἀνάσσω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ruled"}]},{"number":253,"label":"253","id":"b1-l253","source":"ὅ σφιν ἐὺ φρονέων ἀγορήσατο καὶ μετέειπεν·","translation":"he, with good will toward them, addressed them and spoke:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l253.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ἐὺ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φρονέων","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"φρονέων","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"thinking"},{"surface":"ἀγορήσατο","lemma":"ἀγοράομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μετέειπεν","lemma":"μετεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":254,"label":"254","id":"b1-l254","source":"ὦ πόποι ἦ μέγα πένθος Ἀχαιΐδα γαῖαν ἱκάνει·","translation":"\"Ah, truly a great sorrow comes upon the land of Achaea.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l254.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"πόποι","lemma":"πόποι","morphology":"interjection","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"ὦ πόποι is a single interjection of dismay/wonder — the two words together are what \"Ah\" renders, not two separate exclamations."},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πένθος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"πένθος","lemma":"πένθος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἱκάνει","gloss":"sorrow"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιΐδα","lemma":"Ἀχαιΐς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"Achaean"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἱκάνει","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"ἱκάνει","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"comes"}]},{"number":255,"label":"255","id":"b1-l255","source":"ἦ κεν γηθήσαι Πρίαμος Πριάμοιό τε παῖδες","translation":"Surely Priam and the sons of Priam would rejoice,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l255.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"γηθήσαι","lemma":"γηθέω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would rejoice","note":"Nestor conjures a bitter irony: the Trojans, the actual enemy, would celebrate this quarrel more than any battlefield victory — a shaming appeal to Achaean solidarity."},{"surface":"Πρίαμος","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Priam"},{"surface":"Πριάμοιό","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies παῖδες","gloss":"Priam's"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παῖδες","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"sons"}]},{"number":256,"label":"256","id":"b1-l256","source":"ἄλλοι τε Τρῶες μέγα κεν κεχαροίατο θυμῷ","translation":"and the rest of the Trojans would be glad at heart,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l256.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρῶες","gloss":"rest"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of κεχαροίατο","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to κεχαροίατο","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"κεχαροίατο","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would be glad"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κεχαροίατο","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":257,"label":"257","id":"b1-l257","source":"εἰ σφῶϊν τάδε πάντα πυθοίατο μαρναμένοιϊν,","translation":"if they should learn all this of you two contending,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l257.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"σφῶϊν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive dual pronoun","role":"object of πυθοίατο","gloss":"of you two","note":"σφῶϊν and μαρναμένοιϊν are dual forms, marking Achilles and Agamemnon as a pair — Homeric Greek keeps a distinct dual number for exactly two people or things."},{"surface":"τάδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of πυθοίατο","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τάδε","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"πυθοίατο","lemma":"πυνθάνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"should learn"},{"surface":"μαρναμένοιϊν","lemma":"μάρναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive dual masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"contending"}]},{"number":258,"label":"258","id":"b1-l258","source":"οἳ περὶ μὲν βουλὴν Δαναῶν, περὶ δʼ ἐστὲ μάχεσθαι.","translation":"you who surpass the Danaans in counsel and surpass them in battle.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l258.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"you who"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"surpass","note":"περί … ἐστέ (\"you are around/beyond\") is a periphrastic idiom for excelling, split by tmesis; the preposition περί does the real work of \"surpass\" both times it appears in this line."},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"βουλὴν","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"counsel"},{"surface":"Δαναῶν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Danaans"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"surpass"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐστὲ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἐστὲ","gloss":"battle"}]},{"number":259,"label":"259","id":"b1-l259","source":"ἀλλὰ πίθεσθʼ· ἄμφω δὲ νεωτέρω ἐστὸν ἐμεῖο·","translation":"But listen to me; both of you are younger than I am.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l259.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"πίθεσθ","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"listen"},{"surface":"ἄμφω","lemma":"ἄμφω","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐστὸν","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"νεωτέρω","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"nominative dual masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"younger"},{"surface":"ἐστὸν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"ἐμεῖο","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies νεωτέρω","gloss":"than I"}]},{"number":260,"label":"260","id":"b1-l260","source":"ἤδη γάρ ποτʼ ἐγὼ καὶ ἀρείοσιν ἠέ περ ὑμῖν","translation":"For once already I moved among better men than you,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l260.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὡμίλησα","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ὡμίλησα","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὡμίλησα","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἀρείοσιν","lemma":"ἀρείων","morphology":"dative plural comparative adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδράσιν","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"ἠέ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ὑμῖν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative plural pronoun","role":"modifies ἠέ","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":261,"label":"261","id":"b1-l261","source":"ἀνδράσιν ὡμίλησα, καὶ οὔ ποτέ μʼ οἵ γʼ ἀθέριζον.","translation":"and they never once made light of me.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l261.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδράσιν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὡμίλησα","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ὡμίλησα","lemma":"ὁμιλέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"moved among","note":"Nestor now begins his long reminiscence of the Lapiths' war against the Centaurs, the standard exemplum an elder uses in the Iliad to claim authority through past glory rather than present strength."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"ποτέ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἀθέριζον","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀθέριζον","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀθέριζον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἀθέριζον","lemma":"ἀθερίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made light of"}]},{"number":262,"label":"262","id":"b1-l262","source":"οὐ γάρ πω τοίους ἴδον ἀνέρας οὐδὲ ἴδωμαι,","translation":"Never have I seen such men, nor shall I see them again,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l262.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"πω","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἴδον","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"τοίους","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνέρας","gloss":"such","note":"\"Never have I seen such men, nor shall I again\" is a stock Homeric formula of hyperbolic praise for a bygone heroic generation, used to lend Nestor's advice the weight of age."},{"surface":"ἴδον","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have seen"},{"surface":"ἀνέρας","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἴδωμαι","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall see"}]},{"number":263,"label":"263","id":"b1-l263","source":"οἷον Πειρίθοόν τε Δρύαντά τε ποιμένα λαῶν","translation":"as Pirithous, and Dryas shepherd of the people,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l263.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἷον","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"Πειρίθοόν","lemma":"Πειρίθοος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τ̓","gloss":"Pirithous"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and","note":"Πειρίθοόν τε … Δρύαντά τε is a τε…τε list, the standard Homeric way to string together a catalog of names (\"and…and…\"); each τε shares the coordinating job."},{"surface":"Δρύαντά","lemma":"Δρύας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τ̓","gloss":"Dryas"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ποιμένα","lemma":"ποιμήν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Δρύαντά","gloss":"shepherd"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ποιμένα","gloss":"of the people"}]},{"number":264,"label":"264","id":"b1-l264","source":"Καινέα τʼ Ἐξάδιόν τε καὶ ἀντίθεον Πολύφημον","translation":"Caeneus and Exadius, and godlike Polyphemus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l264.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Καινέα","lemma":"Καινεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τ̓","gloss":"Caeneus"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἐξάδιόν","lemma":"Ἐξάδιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τ̓","gloss":"Exadius"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀντίθεον","lemma":"ἀντίθεος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πολύφημον","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Πολύφημον","lemma":"Πολύφημος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τ̓","gloss":"Polyphemus","note":"This Polyphemus is a Lapith warrior, unrelated to the Cyclops Polyphemus of the Odyssey — a coincidence of naming, not the same figure."}]},{"number":265,"label":"265","id":"b1-l265","source":"Θησέα τʼ Αἰγεΐδην, ἐπιείκελον ἀθανάτοισιν·","translation":"and Theseus, son of Aegeus, the equal of the immortals.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l265.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Θησέα","lemma":"Θησεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τ̓","gloss":"Theseus"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Αἰγεΐδην","lemma":"Αἰγείδην","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Θησέα","gloss":"son of Aegeus"},{"surface":"ἐπιείκελον","lemma":"ἐπιείκελος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Θησέα","gloss":"equal"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισιν","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐπιείκελον","gloss":"immortals"}]},{"number":266,"label":"266","id":"b1-l266","source":"κάρτιστοι δὴ κεῖνοι ἐπιχθονίων τράφεν ἀνδρῶν·","translation":"Mightiest of earthly men were they, reared as such;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l266.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κάρτιστοι","lemma":"κράτιστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"mightiest"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κεῖνοι","lemma":"κεῖνος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of τράφεν","gloss":"those","note":"κεῖνοι (\"those [men]\") picks up the whole catalog of Lapith names just given — Pirithous, Dryas, Caeneus, and the rest."},{"surface":"ἐπιχθονίων","lemma":"ἐπιχθόνιος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"earthly"},{"surface":"τράφεν","lemma":"τρέφω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reared"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies κάρτιστοι","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":267,"label":"267","id":"b1-l267","source":"κάρτιστοι μὲν ἔσαν καὶ καρτίστοις ἐμάχοντο","translation":"mightiest they were, and with the mightiest they fought,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l267.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κάρτιστοι","lemma":"κράτιστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"mightiest"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"ἔσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καρτίστοις","lemma":"κράτιστος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object","gloss":"mightiest"},{"surface":"ἐμάχοντο","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fought"}]},{"number":268,"label":"268","id":"b1-l268","source":"φηρσὶν ὀρεσκῴοισι καὶ ἐκπάγλως ἀπόλεσσαν.","translation":"the mountain-dwelling beasts, and terribly destroyed them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l268.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φηρσὶν","lemma":"φήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"beasts","note":"\"Mountain-dwelling beasts\" (φῆρες) is the Homeric term for the Centaurs, never named outright here — the Lapith-Centaur war was a famous mythical battle, later a favorite subject of Greek temple sculpture."},{"surface":"ὀρεσκῴοισι","lemma":"ὀρεσκῷος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies φηρσὶν","gloss":"mountain-dwelling"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκπάγλως","lemma":"ἔκπαγλος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπόλεσσαν","gloss":"terribly"},{"surface":"ἀπόλεσσαν","lemma":"ἀπόλλυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"destroyed"}]},{"number":269,"label":"269","id":"b1-l269","source":"καὶ μὲν τοῖσιν ἐγὼ μεθομίλεον ἐκ Πύλου ἐλθὼν","translation":"And I moved among them, having come from Pylos,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l269.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of μεθομίλεον","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μεθομίλεον","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"μεθομίλεον","lemma":"μεθομιλέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"moved among"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Πύλου","lemma":"Πύλος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Pylos"},{"surface":"ἐλθὼν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μεθομίλεον","gloss":"having come"}]},{"number":270,"label":"270","id":"b1-l270","source":"τηλόθεν ἐξ ἀπίης γαίης· καλέσαντο γὰρ αὐτοί·","translation":"from a distant land far off; for they themselves had called me.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l270.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τηλόθεν","lemma":"τηλόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object","gloss":"far off"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἀπίης","lemma":"ἄπιος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαίης","gloss":"distant"},{"surface":"γαίης","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"καλέσαντο","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had called"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"αὐτοί","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"themselves"}]},{"number":271,"label":"271","id":"b1-l271","source":"καὶ μαχόμην κατʼ ἔμʼ αὐτὸν ἐγώ· κείνοισι δʼ ἂν οὔ τις","translation":"And I fought there in my own right; and with those men not one","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l271.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μαχόμην","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fought"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἔμ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to κατ̓","gloss":"my own right","note":"κατ' ἔμ' αὐτόν is an idiom meaning \"on my own account/by myself\" — Nestor stresses he fought as an individual combatant, not merely as an advisor."},{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μαχόμην","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"κείνοισι","lemma":"κεῖνος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of μαχέοιτο","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μαχέοιτο","gloss":"anyone"}]},{"number":272,"label":"272","id":"b1-l272","source":"τῶν οἳ νῦν βροτοί εἰσιν ἐπιχθόνιοι μαχέοιτο·","translation":"of the mortals now living upon the earth could fight.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l272.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἰσιν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰσιν","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"βροτοί","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"mortals"},{"surface":"εἰσιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τῶν","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"ἐπιχθόνιοι","lemma":"ἐπιχθόνιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βροτοί","gloss":"upon the earth"},{"surface":"μαχέοιτο","lemma":"συμμαχέω","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"could fight"}]},{"number":273,"label":"273","id":"b1-l273","source":"καὶ μέν μευ βουλέων ξύνιεν πείθοντό τε μύθῳ·","translation":"And they took in my counsels and obeyed my word.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l273.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"μευ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies βουλέων","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"βουλέων","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ξύνιεν","gloss":"counsels"},{"surface":"ξύνιεν","lemma":"συνίημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took in"},{"surface":"πείθοντό","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"obeyed"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μύθῳ","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πείθοντό","gloss":"word"}]},{"number":274,"label":"274","id":"b1-l274","source":"ἀλλὰ πίθεσθε καὶ ὔμμες, ἐπεὶ πείθεσθαι ἄμεινον·","translation":"So obey me, you too, since it is better to obey.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l274.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"πίθεσθε","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"obey"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ὔμμες","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative plural pronoun","role":"subject of πίθεσθε","gloss":"you","note":"Nestor pivots here from his exemplary tale back to direct command, addressing Agamemnon and Achilles in turn in the lines that follow."},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"πείθεσθαι","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"to obey"},{"surface":"ἄμεινον","lemma":"ἀμείνων","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"better"}]},{"number":275,"label":"275","id":"b1-l275","source":"μήτε σὺ τόνδʼ ἀγαθός περ ἐὼν ἀποαίρεο κούρην,","translation":"Do not you, valiant though you are, take away the girl from him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l275.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μήτε","lemma":"μήτε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἀλλ̓","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"τόνδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀποαίρεο","gloss":"from him"},{"surface":"ἀγαθός","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"valiant","note":"ἀγαθός περ ἐών (\"brave though you are\") is another καί/περ-style concessive: Nestor concedes Achilles' valor before overruling it with an appeal to rank."},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀποαίρεο","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"ἀποαίρεο","lemma":"ἀπαίρω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"take away"},{"surface":"κούρην","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀποαίρεο","gloss":"girl"}]},{"number":276,"label":"276","id":"b1-l276","source":"ἀλλʼ ἔα ὥς οἱ πρῶτα δόσαν γέρας υἷες Ἀχαιῶν·","translation":"but let her be, as the sons of the Achaeans first gave her as his prize;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l276.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔα","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let be"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δόσαν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"πρῶτα","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to δόσαν","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"δόσαν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὥς","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"γέρας","lemma":"γέρας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"prize"},{"surface":"υἷες","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δόσαν","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷες","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":277,"label":"277","id":"b1-l277","source":"μήτε σὺ Πηλείδη ἔθελʼ ἐριζέμεναι βασιλῆϊ","translation":"and do not you, son of Peleus, wish to strive with the king","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l277.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μήτε","lemma":"μήτε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἔθελ̓","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"Πηλείδη","lemma":"Πηλείδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son of Peleus"},{"surface":"ἔθελ","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wish"},{"surface":"ἐριζέμεναι","lemma":"ἐρίζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἔθελ̓","gloss":"to strive"},{"surface":"βασιλῆϊ","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐριζέμεναι","gloss":"with the king"}]},{"number":278,"label":"278","id":"b1-l278","source":"ἀντιβίην, ἐπεὶ οὔ ποθʼ ὁμοίης ἔμμορε τιμῆς","translation":"face to face, since a scepter-holding king has never had a share of equal honor —","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l278.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀντιβίην","lemma":"ἀντιβίην","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐριζέμεναι","gloss":"face to face"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ποθ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"ὁμοίης","lemma":"ὁμοῖος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies τιμῆς","gloss":"equal"},{"surface":"ἔμμορε","lemma":"μείρομαι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"has had a share"},{"surface":"τιμῆς","lemma":"τιμή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔμμορε","gloss":"of honor"}]},{"number":279,"label":"279","id":"b1-l279","source":"σκηπτοῦχος βασιλεύς, ᾧ τε Ζεὺς κῦδος ἔδωκεν.","translation":"not one to whom Zeus himself has given glory.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l279.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σκηπτοῦχος","lemma":"σκηπτοῦχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies βασιλεύς","gloss":"scepter-holding"},{"surface":"βασιλεύς","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔμμορε","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔδωκεν","gloss":"to whom"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔδωκεν","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"κῦδος","lemma":"κῦδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔδωκεν","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ἔδωκεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing βασιλεύς","gloss":"has given","note":"Nestor's argument rests on a distinction basic to Homeric kingship: Achilles may be the stronger fighter, but only Zeus-given office (the scepter) confers the honor due a king."}]},{"number":280,"label":"280","id":"b1-l280","source":"εἰ δὲ σὺ καρτερός ἐσσι θεὰ δέ σε γείνατο μήτηρ,","translation":"And if you are the stronger, and a goddess mother bore you,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l280.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"and if"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἐσσι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"καρτερός","lemma":"καρτερός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"stronger"},{"surface":"ἐσσι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of γείνατο","gloss":"goddess","note":"Nestor here directly names what makes Achilles exceptional even among heroes: his mother is the sea-goddess Thetis, not a mortal woman."},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of γείνατο","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γείνατο","lemma":"γείνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"mother"}]},{"number":281,"label":"281","id":"b1-l281","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅ γε φέρτερός ἐστιν ἐπεὶ πλεόνεσσιν ἀνάσσει.","translation":"yet he is the greater, since he rules over more men.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l281.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐστιν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"φέρτερός","lemma":"φέρτατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"the greater"},{"surface":"ἐστιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"πλεόνεσσιν","lemma":"πλείων","morphology":"dative plural masculine comparative adjective","role":"object of ἀνάσσει","gloss":"more men"},{"surface":"ἀνάσσει","lemma":"ἀνάσσω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"rules over"}]},{"number":282,"label":"282","id":"b1-l282","source":"Ἀτρεΐδη σὺ δὲ παῦε τεὸν μένος· αὐτὰρ ἔγωγε","translation":"Son of Atreus, you, put an end to your fury; and I myself","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l282.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδη","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Son of Atreus"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of παῦε","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"παῦε","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put an end to"},{"surface":"τεὸν","lemma":"τεός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of παῦε","gloss":"fury"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔγωγε","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of λίσσομ̓","gloss":"I myself"}]},{"number":283,"label":"283","id":"b1-l283","source":"λίσσομʼ Ἀχιλλῆϊ μεθέμεν χόλον, ὃς μέγα πᾶσιν","translation":"beg Achilles to let go his anger, he who is a great","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l283.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λίσσομ","lemma":"λίσσομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"beg"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλῆϊ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λίσσομ̓","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"μεθέμεν","lemma":"μεθίημι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of λίσσομ̓","gloss":"to let go"},{"surface":"χόλον","lemma":"χόλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μεθέμεν","gloss":"his anger"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πέλεται","gloss":"he who"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἕρκος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"πᾶσιν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοῖσιν","gloss":"for all"}]},{"number":284,"label":"284","id":"b1-l284","source":"ἕρκος Ἀχαιοῖσιν πέλεται πολέμοιο κακοῖο.","translation":"bulwark for all the Achaeans against the evil of war.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l284.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕρκος","lemma":"ἕρκος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"bulwark","note":"ἕρκος, \"bulwark\" or \"fence,\" is a standing Homeric metaphor for a great warrior — Nestor casts Achilles as the wall standing between the army and disaster."},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοῖσιν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of πέλεται","gloss":"the Achaeans"},{"surface":"πέλεται","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἀχιλλῆϊ","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἕρκος","gloss":"of war"},{"surface":"κακοῖο","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πολέμοιο","gloss":"evil"}]},{"number":285,"label":"285","id":"b1-l285","source":"τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων·","translation":"Then the lord Agamemnon answered him and said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l285.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"κρείων","lemma":"κρείων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":286,"label":"286","id":"b1-l286","source":"ναὶ δὴ ταῦτά γε πάντα γέρον κατὰ μοῖραν ἔειπες·","translation":"\"Yes, old man, all this you have spoken rightly and in due order.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l286.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ναὶ","lemma":"ναί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ταῦτά","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔειπες","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ταῦτά","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"γέρον","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"rightly and","note":"κατὰ μοῖραν, literally \"according to due share/measure,\" is a set Homeric idiom for speaking rightly and fittingly, split here across κατὰ and μοῖραν."},{"surface":"μοῖραν","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"in due order"},{"surface":"ἔειπες","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you have spoken"}]},{"number":287,"label":"287","id":"b1-l287","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅδʼ ἀνὴρ ἐθέλει περὶ πάντων ἔμμεναι ἄλλων,","translation":"But this man wishes to be above all others;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l287.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἐθέλει","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wishes"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄλλων","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλει","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἔμμεναι","gloss":"others"}]},{"number":288,"label":"288","id":"b1-l288","source":"πάντων μὲν κρατέειν ἐθέλει, πάντεσσι δʼ ἀνάσσειν,","translation":"he wishes to rule over all, and to be lord of all,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l288.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of κρατέειν","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand","note":"This μέν is answered by the δʼ in ἀνάσσειν later in the same line: first \"to rule over,\" then \"to be lord of\" — a doubled claim to power laid out clause by clause."},{"surface":"κρατέειν","lemma":"κρατέω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"to rule over"},{"surface":"ἐθέλει","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wishes"},{"surface":"πάντεσσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀνάσσειν","gloss":"of all"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνάσσειν","lemma":"ἀνάσσω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"to be lord","note":"Achilles builds a tricolon across this line and the next — rule over all, be lord of all, command all — piling up near-synonyms to make Agamemnon's ambition sound absurd."}]},{"number":289,"label":"289","id":"b1-l289","source":"πᾶσι δὲ σημαίνειν, ἅ τινʼ οὐ πείσεσθαι ὀΐω·","translation":"and to give commands to all — and I think one man will not obey him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l289.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πᾶσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of σημαίνειν","gloss":"to all"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σημαίνειν","lemma":"σημαίνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"to give commands"},{"surface":"ἅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of πείσεσθαι","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"τιν","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πείσεσθαι","gloss":"one man","note":"Nestor's own doubt undercuts the picture of universal command he has just sketched: he names one man — Achilles — who will refuse to obey."},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πείσεσθαι","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ὀΐω","gloss":"will obey"},{"surface":"ὀΐω","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"I think"}]},{"number":290,"label":"290","id":"b1-l290","source":"εἰ δέ μιν αἰχμητὴν ἔθεσαν θεοὶ αἰὲν ἐόντες","translation":"And if the gods who are forever made him a spearman,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l290.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"εἰ δέ μιν αἰχμητὴν ἔθεσαν θεοὶ","title":"Rhetorical conditional","body":"Agamemnon's εἰ (\"if\") clause is not a real doubt — of course the gods made Achilles a warrior — but a rhetorical concession used to set up a biting question: does martial prowess license insolence? The construction lets him grant the premise while attacking the conclusion."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔθεσαν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"αἰχμητὴν","lemma":"αἰχμητής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"complement of ἔθεσαν","gloss":"spearman"},{"surface":"ἔθεσαν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔθεσαν","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"αἰὲν","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐόντες","gloss":"forever"},{"surface":"ἐόντες","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"who are"}]},{"number":291,"label":"291","id":"b1-l291","source":"τοὔνεκά οἱ προθέουσιν ὀνείδεα μυθήσασθαι;","translation":"is that why reproaches rush forth for him to speak?\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l291.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὔνεκά","lemma":"τοὔνεκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προθέουσιν","gloss":"is that why"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προθέουσιν","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"προθέουσιν","lemma":"προθέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rush forth"},{"surface":"ὀνείδεα","lemma":"ὄνειδος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of μυθήσασθαι","gloss":"reproaches"},{"surface":"μυθήσασθαι","lemma":"μυθέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of προθέουσιν","gloss":"to speak"}]},{"number":292,"label":"292","id":"b1-l292","source":"τὸν δʼ ἄρʼ ὑποβλήδην ἠμείβετο δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς·","translation":"Then breaking in, godlike Achilles answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l292.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὑποβλήδην","title":"Breaking in","body":"ὑποβλήδην, \"interruptingly,\" marks Achilles cutting off Agamemnon before his speech is finished — a rare Homeric notation of overlapping, real-time speech rather than the usual orderly turn-taking of the assembly."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετο","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ὑποβλήδην","lemma":"ὑποβλήδην","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠμείβετο","gloss":"breaking in"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετο","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠμείβετο","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":293,"label":"293","id":"b1-l293","source":"ἦ γάρ κεν δειλός τε καὶ οὐτιδανὸς καλεοίμην","translation":"\"Surely I would be called a coward and a man of nothing,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l293.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely","note":"ἦ γάρ κεν is an emphatic idiom of certainty, distinct from the correlative μέν seen elsewhere — it stakes a strong claim before the reasoning that follows."},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"δειλός","lemma":"δειλός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"coward","note":"δειλός τε καὶ οὐτιδανὸς pairs two insults for total worthlessness — Achilles names the shame he'd earn by yielding before rejecting it."},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐτιδανὸς","lemma":"οὐτιδανός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"man of nothing"},{"surface":"καλεοίμην","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would be called"}]},{"number":294,"label":"294","id":"b1-l294","source":"εἰ δὴ σοὶ πᾶν ἔργον ὑπείξομαι ὅττί κεν εἴπῃς·","translation":"if I yield to you in every deed, whatever you say.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l294.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ὑπείξομαι","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"πᾶν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργον","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"ἔργον","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὑπείξομαι","gloss":"deed"},{"surface":"ὑπείξομαι","lemma":"ὑπείκω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"yield"},{"surface":"ὅττί","lemma":"ὅστις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of εἴπῃς","gloss":"whatever"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"εἴπῃς","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἔργον","gloss":"you say"}]},{"number":295,"label":"295","id":"b1-l295","source":"ἄλλοισιν δὴ ταῦτʼ ἐπιτέλλεο, μὴ γὰρ ἔμοιγε","translation":"Give these orders to others, but not to me;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l295.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλοισιν","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπιτέλλεο","gloss":"to others"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ταῦτ","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐπιτέλλεο","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"ἐπιτέλλεο","lemma":"ἐπιτέλλω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"give orders"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔμοιγε","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of σήμαιν̓","gloss":"to me"}]},{"number":296,"label":"296","id":"b1-l296","source":"σήμαινʼ· οὐ γὰρ ἔγωγʼ ἔτι σοὶ πείσεσθαι ὀΐω.","translation":"command me no longer, for I do not intend to obey you any more.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l296.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σήμαιν","lemma":"σημαίνω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"command","note":"σήμαιν(ε) repeats the verb σημαίνειν Achilles just used of Agamemnon's ambition (line 289) — he flings the king's own word for \"give commands\" back at him as refusal."},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔγωγ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὀΐω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πείσεσθαι","gloss":"any longer"},{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of πείσεσθαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"πείσεσθαι","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ὀΐω","gloss":"to obey"},{"surface":"ὀΐω","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"intend"}]},{"number":297,"label":"297","id":"b1-l297","source":"ἄλλο δέ τοι ἐρέω, σὺ δʼ ἐνὶ φρεσὶ βάλλεο σῇσι·","translation":"And I will tell you another thing, and lay it to heart:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l297.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλο","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐρέω","gloss":"another thing"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐρέω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ἐρέω","lemma":"ἐρῶ","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will tell"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of βάλλεο","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"βάλλεο","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay it"},{"surface":"σῇσι","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρεσὶ","gloss":"your"}]},{"number":298,"label":"298","id":"b1-l298","source":"χερσὶ μὲν οὔ τοι ἔγωγε μαχήσομαι εἵνεκα κούρης","translation":"I will not fight with my hands for the girl's sake,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l298.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to μαχήσομαι","gloss":"with my hands"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand","note":"This μέν sets up the contrast Achilles draws two lines later between fighting for the girl with his hands and letting Agamemnon take what is his."},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἔγωγε","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μαχήσομαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"μαχήσομαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will fight"},{"surface":"εἵνεκα","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for the sake of"},{"surface":"κούρης","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to εἵνεκα","gloss":"the girl"}]},{"number":299,"label":"299","id":"b1-l299","source":"οὔτε σοὶ οὔτέ τῳ ἄλλῳ, ἐπεί μʼ ἀφέλεσθέ γε δόντες·","translation":"neither with you nor with any other, since you take away what you gave.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l299.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of οὔτέ","gloss":"with you"},{"surface":"οὔτέ","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"neither... nor"},{"surface":"τῳ","lemma":"τις","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of οὔτέ","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"ἄλλῳ","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τῳ","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀφέλεσθέ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἀφέλεσθέ","lemma":"ἀφαιρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"you take away"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"δόντες","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀφέλεσθέ","gloss":"gave"}]},{"number":300,"label":"300","id":"b1-l300","source":"τῶν δʼ ἄλλων ἅ μοί ἐστι θοῇ παρὰ νηῒ μελαίνῃ","translation":"But of all else that is mine beside my swift black ship,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l300.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural neuter article","role":"modifies ἄλλων","gloss":"of all else"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τῶν","gloss":"else"},{"surface":"ἅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἐστι","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"μοί","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐστι","gloss":"mine"},{"surface":"ἐστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τῶν","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"θοῇ","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῒ","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηῒ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"μελαίνῃ","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῒ","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":301,"label":"301","id":"b1-l301","source":"τῶν οὐκ ἄν τι φέροις ἀνελὼν ἀέκοντος ἐμεῖο·","translation":"of that you shall carry off nothing, taking it against my will.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l301.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural neuter pronoun","role":"modifies τι","gloss":"of that"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἄν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"shall"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of φέροις","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"φέροις","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you shall carry off"},{"surface":"ἀνελὼν","lemma":"ἀναιρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to φέροις","gloss":"taking it"},{"surface":"ἀέκοντος","lemma":"ἀέκων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to φέροις","gloss":"against my will","note":"ἀέκοντος ἐμεῖο is a genitive absolute, \"with me unwilling\" — grammatically detached from the main clause, it isolates Achilles' consent as the one thing not yet taken from him."},{"surface":"ἐμεῖο","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀέκοντος","gloss":"my"}]},{"number":302,"label":"302","id":"b1-l302","source":"εἰ δʼ ἄγε μὴν πείρησαι ἵνα γνώωσι καὶ οἵδε·","translation":"Come, try it, that these men here may know as well:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l302.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"μὴν","lemma":"μήν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"πείρησαι","lemma":"πειράω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"try it"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"γνώωσι","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"may know"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as well"},{"surface":"οἵδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of γνώωσι","gloss":"these men here"}]},{"number":303,"label":"303","id":"b1-l303","source":"αἶψά τοι αἷμα κελαινὸν ἐρωήσει περὶ δουρί.","translation":"your dark blood will soon come streaming round my spear.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l303.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψά","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐρωήσει","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies αἷμα","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"αἷμα","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐρωήσει","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"κελαινὸν","lemma":"κελαινός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies αἷμα","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"ἐρωήσει","lemma":"ἐρωέω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will come streaming"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"round"},{"surface":"δουρί","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"my spear"}]},{"number":304,"label":"304","id":"b1-l304","source":"ὣς τώ γʼ ἀντιβίοισι μαχεσσαμένω ἐπέεσσιν","translation":"So when the two of them had fought with opposing words,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l304.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μαχεσσαμένω","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"τώ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀνστήτην","gloss":"the two of them"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἀντιβίοισι","lemma":"ἀντίβιος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἐπέεσσιν","gloss":"opposing"},{"surface":"μαχεσσαμένω","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀνστήτην","gloss":"had fought"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσιν","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to μαχεσσαμένω","gloss":"with words","note":"ἀντιβίοισι ἐπέεσσιν, \"with opposing words,\" borrows the vocabulary of hand-to-hand combat for the quarrel — the two men have just fought a battle made entirely of speech."}]},{"number":305,"label":"305","id":"b1-l305","source":"ἀνστήτην, λῦσαν δʼ ἀγορὴν παρὰ νηυσὶν Ἀχαιῶν·","translation":"they rose, and broke up the assembly beside the ships of the Achaeans.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l305.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνστήτην","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they rose"},{"surface":"λῦσαν","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"broke up"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγορὴν","lemma":"ἀγορά","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of λῦσαν","gloss":"the assembly"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶν","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":306,"label":"306","id":"b1-l306","source":"Πηλεΐδης μὲν ἐπὶ κλισίας καὶ νῆας ἐΐσας","translation":"The son of Peleus went to his huts and his balanced ships","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l306.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πηλεΐδης","lemma":"Πηλείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤϊε","gloss":"the son of Peleus"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand","note":"This μέν is answered by the δʼ opening line 308, contrasting where Achilles went with where Agamemnon went — the two men splitting off after the quarrel."},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"κλισίας","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"his huts"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"his ships"},{"surface":"ἐΐσας","lemma":"ἔισος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"balanced"}]},{"number":307,"label":"307","id":"b1-l307","source":"ἤϊε σύν τε Μενοιτιάδῃ καὶ οἷς ἑτάροισιν·","translation":"with the son of Menoetius and his companions;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l307.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤϊε","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"σύν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"Μενοιτιάδῃ","lemma":"Μενοιτιάδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"the son of Menoetius"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἷς","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑτάροισιν","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἑτάροισιν","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":308,"label":"308","id":"b1-l308","source":"Ἀτρεΐδης δʼ ἄρα νῆα θοὴν ἅλα δὲ προέρυσσεν,","translation":"and the son of Atreus drew a swift ship down into the sea,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l308.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδης","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"the son of Atreus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"νῆα","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of προέρυσσεν","gloss":"a ship"},{"surface":"θοὴν","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆα","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἅλα","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of προέρυσσεν","gloss":"the sea"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"ἅλαδε, \"seaward,\" is here written as two words, ἅλα plus a directional δέ (not the connective particle) — an old locative suffix fossilized onto the noun, absorbed into \"into the sea\" rather than rendered separately."},{"surface":"προέρυσσεν","lemma":"προερύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew down"}]},{"number":309,"label":"309","id":"b1-l309","source":"ἐν δʼ ἐρέτας ἔκρινεν ἐείκοσιν, ἐς δʼ ἑκατόμβην","translation":"and chose twenty oarsmen for it, and put aboard a hecatomb","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l309.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"ἐν here is a free-standing local adverb, \"in it\" (aboard the ship), rather than a preposition governing a noun — its sense is folded into the translation's \"for it.\""},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐρέτας","lemma":"ἐρέτης","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔκρινεν","gloss":"oarsmen"},{"surface":"ἔκρινεν","lemma":"κρίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"chose"},{"surface":"ἐείκοσιν","lemma":"εἴκοσι","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ἐρέτας","gloss":"twenty"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"ἐς...βῆσε (continued next line) is tmesis of ἐσβαίνω, \"to put aboard\" — the preposition and verb are split across the line break."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑκατόμβην","lemma":"ἑκατόμβη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of βῆσε","gloss":"a hecatomb"}]},{"number":310,"label":"310","id":"b1-l310","source":"βῆσε θεῷ, ἀνὰ δὲ Χρυσηΐδα καλλιπάρῃον","translation":"for the god, and led fair-cheeked Chryseis","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l310.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆσε","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put aboard"},{"surface":"θεῷ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to βῆσε","gloss":"for the god"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"ἀνὰ...εἷσεν (completed next line) is tmesis of ἀνίζω, \"to set/lead up aboard\" — split across the line break to describe Chryseis being led onto the ship."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Χρυσηΐδα","lemma":"Χρυσηίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἷσεν","gloss":"Chryseis"},{"surface":"καλλιπάρῃον","lemma":"καλλιπάρηος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Χρυσηΐδα","gloss":"fair-cheeked"}]},{"number":311,"label":"311","id":"b1-l311","source":"εἷσεν ἄγων· ἐν δʼ ἀρχὸς ἔβη πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς.","translation":"and set her aboard; and as leader went resourceful Odysseus.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l311.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς","title":"Resourceful Odysseus","body":"πολύμητις, \"of many counsels, resourceful,\" is Odysseus's signature epithet, rendered the same way throughout the Odyssey; this is his first appearance in the Iliad draft."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἷσεν","lemma":"ἵζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set aboard"},{"surface":"ἄγων","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἷσεν","gloss":"leading her"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"ἐν...ἔβη is tmesis of ἐμβαίνω, \"to go aboard\" — split so that ἀρχὸς, \"as leader,\" can stand between the two halves."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀρχὸς","lemma":"ἀρχός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as leader"},{"surface":"ἔβη","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"πολύμητις","lemma":"πολύμητις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"resourceful"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔβη","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":312,"label":"312","id":"b1-l312","source":"οἳ μὲν ἔπειτʼ ἀναβάντες ἐπέπλεον ὑγρὰ κέλευθα,","translation":"So they went aboard, and sailed the watery ways,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l312.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπέπλεον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand","note":"This μέν is answered six lines later by the negated clause about Agamemnon at line 318 (\"but Agamemnon...\") — the ship's crew sails off while the king stays behind, unsatisfied."},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπέπλεον","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀναβάντες","lemma":"ἀναβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπέπλεον","gloss":"went aboard"},{"surface":"ἐπέπλεον","lemma":"ἐπιπλέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sailed"},{"surface":"ὑγρὰ","lemma":"ὑγρός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κέλευθα","gloss":"watery"},{"surface":"κέλευθα","lemma":"κέλευθος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπέπλεον","gloss":"the ways"}]},{"number":313,"label":"313","id":"b1-l313","source":"λαοὺς δʼ Ἀτρεΐδης ἀπολυμαίνεσθαι ἄνωγεν·","translation":"and the son of Atreus bade the people purify themselves.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l313.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λαοὺς","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπολυμαίνεσθαι","gloss":"the people"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδης","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄνωγεν","gloss":"the son of Atreus"},{"surface":"ἀπολυμαίνεσθαι","lemma":"ἀπολυμαίνομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἄνωγεν","gloss":"purify themselves"},{"surface":"ἄνωγεν","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bade"}]},{"number":314,"label":"314","id":"b1-l314","source":"οἳ δʼ ἀπελυμαίνοντο καὶ εἰς ἅλα λύματα βάλλον,","translation":"So they purified themselves, and cast the defilement into the sea,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l314.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἀπελυμαίνοντο","lemma":"ἀπολυμαίνομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"purified themselves"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"ἅλα","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"the sea"},{"surface":"λύματα","lemma":"λῦμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of βάλλον","gloss":"the defilement"},{"surface":"βάλλον","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast"}]},{"number":315,"label":"315","id":"b1-l315","source":"ἕρδον δʼ Ἀπόλλωνι τεληέσσας ἑκατόμβας","translation":"and offered up to Apollo perfect hecatombs","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l315.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕρδον","lemma":"ἔρδω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"offered up"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλωνι","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕρδον","gloss":"to Apollo"},{"surface":"τεληέσσας","lemma":"τελήεις","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἑκατόμβας","gloss":"perfect"},{"surface":"ἑκατόμβας","lemma":"ἑκατόμβη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἕρδον","gloss":"hecatombs"}]},{"number":316,"label":"316","id":"b1-l316","source":"ταύρων ἠδʼ αἰγῶν παρὰ θῖνʼ ἁλὸς ἀτρυγέτοιο·","translation":"of bulls and goats along the shore of the barren sea;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l316.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ταύρων","lemma":"ταῦρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἠδ̓","gloss":"of bulls"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰγῶν","lemma":"αἴξ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἠδ̓","gloss":"of goats"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"θῖν","lemma":"θίς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"the shore"},{"surface":"ἁλὸς","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies θῖν̓","gloss":"of the sea"},{"surface":"ἀτρυγέτοιο","lemma":"ἀτρύγετος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἁλὸς","gloss":"barren"}]},{"number":317,"label":"317","id":"b1-l317","source":"κνίση δʼ οὐρανὸν ἷκεν ἑλισσομένη περὶ καπνῷ.","translation":"and the savor rose to heaven, curling amid the smoke.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l317.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κνίση","lemma":"κνῖσα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἷκεν","gloss":"the savor"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐρανὸν","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἷκεν","gloss":"to heaven"},{"surface":"ἷκεν","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"ἑλισσομένη","lemma":"ἑλίσσω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἷκεν","gloss":"curling"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"amid"},{"surface":"καπνῷ","lemma":"καπνός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"the smoke"}]},{"number":318,"label":"318","id":"b1-l318","source":"ὣς οἳ μὲν τὰ πένοντο κατὰ στρατόν· οὐδʼ Ἀγαμέμνων","translation":"So they were busy with these tasks throughout the camp; but Agamemnon","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l318.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πένοντο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πένοντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of πένοντο","gloss":"these tasks"},{"surface":"πένοντο","lemma":"πένομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were busy with"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"στρατόν","lemma":"στρατός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"the camp"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀλλ̓","gloss":"Agamemnon","note":"The \"but\" that sets Agamemnon apart from the busy camp belongs to an untagged word in this edition's word list (an upstream id gap) — it is not invented here, but it is why \"Agamemnon\" arrives with an adversative force in the translation."}]},{"number":319,"label":"319","id":"b1-l319","source":"λῆγʼ ἔριδος τὴν πρῶτον ἐπηπείλησʼ Ἀχιλῆϊ,","translation":"did not let go the quarrel he had first threatened against Achilles,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l319.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λῆγ","lemma":"λήγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let go","note":"The negation (\"did not\") that makes this \"did not let go\" belongs to the same gapped word noted at the end of line 318 — λῆγ' itself is a plain positive form."},{"surface":"ἔριδος","lemma":"ἔρις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of λῆγ̓","gloss":"the quarrel"},{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπηπείλησ̓","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"πρῶτον","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπηπείλησ̓","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ἐπηπείλησ","lemma":"ἐπαπειλέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἔριδος","gloss":"had threatened"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆϊ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπηπείλησ̓","gloss":"against Achilles"}]},{"number":320,"label":"320","id":"b1-l320","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅ γε Ταλθύβιόν τε καὶ Εὐρυβάτην προσέειπε,","translation":"but he called out to Talthybius and Eurybates,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l320.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of προσέειπε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"Ταλθύβιόν","lemma":"Ταλθύβιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Talthybius"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Εὐρυβάτην","lemma":"Εὐρυβάτης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Eurybates"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called out to"}]},{"number":321,"label":"321","id":"b1-l321","source":"τώ οἱ ἔσαν κήρυκε καὶ ὀτρηρὼ θεράποντε·","translation":"who were his heralds and brisk attendants:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l321.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τώ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔσαν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔσαν","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἔσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"κήρυκε","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"heralds"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀτρηρὼ","lemma":"ὀτρηρός","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεράποντε","gloss":"brisk"},{"surface":"θεράποντε","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"attendants"}]},{"number":322,"label":"322","id":"b1-l322","source":"ἔρχεσθον κλισίην Πηληϊάδεω Ἀχιλῆος·","translation":"\"Go, the two of you, to the hut of Peleus' son Achilles;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l322.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἔρχεσθον","title":"Dual imperative","body":"ἔρχεσθον is a second-person dual present imperative of ἔρχομαι, \"go,\" the command form used because Agamemnon is addressing exactly two men, Talthybius and Eurybates. The dual number was taught earlier for verbs and participles (Book 1, line 6); here it appears in the imperative mood itself."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔρχεσθον","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go, the two of you","note":"The dual verb form ἔρχεσθον addresses Talthybius and Eurybates as a pair throughout this command — Homeric Greek marks \"two\" grammatically, not just by naming both heralds."},{"surface":"κλισίην","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔρχεσθον","gloss":"to the hut"},{"surface":"Πηληϊάδεω","lemma":"Πηληιάδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀχιλῆος","gloss":"of Peleus' son"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆος","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κλισίην","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":323,"label":"323","id":"b1-l323","source":"χειρὸς ἑλόντʼ ἀγέμεν Βρισηΐδα καλλιπάρῃον·","translation":"take fair-cheeked Briseis by the hand, and lead her away;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l323.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χειρὸς","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἑλόντ̓","gloss":"by the hand"},{"surface":"ἑλόντ","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀγέμεν","gloss":"take"},{"surface":"ἀγέμεν","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"lead her away"},{"surface":"Βρισηΐδα","lemma":"Βρισηίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀγέμεν","gloss":"Briseis"},{"surface":"καλλιπάρῃον","lemma":"καλλιπάρηος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Βρισηΐδα","gloss":"fair-cheeked"}]},{"number":324,"label":"324","id":"b1-l324","source":"εἰ δέ κε μὴ δώῃσιν ἐγὼ δέ κεν αὐτὸς ἕλωμαι","translation":"and if he will not give her, I myself will come and take her","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l324.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δώῃσιν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"will give"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕλωμαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"ἕλωμαι","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will take her"}]},{"number":325,"label":"325","id":"b1-l325","source":"ἐλθὼν σὺν πλεόνεσσι· τό οἱ καὶ ῥίγιον ἔσται.","translation":"with more men beside me; that will be the harsher for him.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l325.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐλθὼν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕλωμαι","gloss":"will come"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"πλεόνεσσι","lemma":"πλείων","morphology":"dative plural masculine comparative adjective","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"more men"},{"surface":"τό","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἔσται","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔσται","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ῥίγιον","lemma":"ῥίγιον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"harsher"},{"surface":"ἔσται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be"}]},{"number":326,"label":"326","id":"b1-l326","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν προΐει, κρατερὸν δʼ ἐπὶ μῦθον ἔτελλε·","translation":"So saying, he sent them off, laying on them a stern command;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l326.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κρατερὸν δʼ ἐπὶ μῦθον ἔτελλε","title":"A recurring half-line: \"laying on him a stern command\"","body":"This exact half-line closed line 25, when Agamemnon dismissed Chryses with the same harsh authority. Homer reuses it here verbatim for the heralds; our English holds the same fixed wording, \"laying on him/them a stern command,\" adjusting only the pronoun for number."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προΐει","gloss":"saying"},{"surface":"προΐει","lemma":"προίημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent them off"},{"surface":"κρατερὸν","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μῦθον","gloss":"stern"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"ἐπὶ...ἔτελλε is tmesis of ἐπιτέλλω, \"to lay a command upon\" — the preposition is pulled ahead of μῦθον while the verb closes the line."},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔτελλε","gloss":"command"},{"surface":"ἔτελλε","lemma":"τέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"laid"}]},{"number":327,"label":"327","id":"b1-l327","source":"τὼ δʼ ἀέκοντε βάτην παρὰ θῖνʼ ἁλὸς ἀτρυγέτοιο,","translation":"and the two of them went unwilling along the shore of the barren sea,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l327.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"the two of them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀέκοντε","lemma":"ἀέκων","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unwilling"},{"surface":"βάτην","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"θῖν","lemma":"θίς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of παρὰ","gloss":"the shore"},{"surface":"ἁλὸς","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies θῖν̓","gloss":"of the sea"},{"surface":"ἀτρυγέτοιο","lemma":"ἀτρύγετος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἁλὸς","gloss":"barren"}]},{"number":328,"label":"328","id":"b1-l328","source":"Μυρμιδόνων δʼ ἐπί τε κλισίας καὶ νῆας ἱκέσθην,","translation":"and came to the huts and ships of the Myrmidons,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l328.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μυρμιδόνων","lemma":"Μυρμιδόνες","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of the Myrmidons"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπί","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"κλισίας","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"the huts"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἱκέσθην","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"}]},{"number":329,"label":"329","id":"b1-l329","source":"τὸν δʼ εὗρον παρά τε κλισίῃ καὶ νηῒ μελαίνῃ","translation":"and found him beside his hut and his black ship,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l329.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εὗρον","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὗρον","lemma":"εὑρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"παρά","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"κλισίῃ","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"his hut"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νηῒ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"his ship"},{"surface":"μελαίνῃ","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῒ","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":330,"label":"330","id":"b1-l330","source":"ἥμενον· οὐδʼ ἄρα τώ γε ἰδὼν γήθησεν Ἀχιλλεύς.","translation":"sitting there; and Achilles was not glad to see them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l330.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥμενον","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"sitting there"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"τώ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative dual masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἰδὼν","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to γήθησεν","gloss":"to see"},{"surface":"γήθησεν","lemma":"γηθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was glad","note":"The \"not\" of \"was not glad\" belongs to an untagged word before ἄρα (another upstream id gap in this edition, not invented here) — γήθησεν itself is the plain positive verb."},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of γήθησεν","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":331,"label":"331","id":"b1-l331","source":"τὼ μὲν ταρβήσαντε καὶ αἰδομένω βασιλῆα","translation":"The two of them, in fear and in awe of the king,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l331.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"the two of them"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand","note":"This μέν is answered by αὐτὰρ opening line 333 (\"but he understood...\"), across a line this batch's source skips — Achilles alone reads their silence correctly."},{"surface":"ταρβήσαντε","lemma":"ταρβέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"in fear"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰδομένω","lemma":"αἰδέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"in awe"},{"surface":"βασιλῆα","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of αἰδομένω","gloss":"of the king"}]},{"number":332,"label":"332","id":"b1-l332","source":"στήτην, οὐδέ τί μιν προσεφώνεον οὐδʼ ἐρέοντο·","translation":"stood there, and neither spoke to him nor questioned him;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l332.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στήτην","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood","note":"Dual verb: 'the two of them stood' — refers to the two heralds standing before Achilles."},{"surface":"οὐδέ","lemma":"οὐδέ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"at all","note":"τί functions here as an adverbial accusative reinforcing the negation: 'not at all.'"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"προσεφώνεον","lemma":"προσφωνέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke to, addressed"},{"surface":"οὐδ","lemma":"οὐδέ","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"ἐρέοντο","lemma":"ἔρομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"asked, questioned"}]},{"number":333,"label":"333","id":"b1-l333","source":"αὐτὰρ ὃ ἔγνω ᾗσιν ἐνὶ φρεσὶ φώνησέν τε·","translation":"but he understood it in his own heart, and spoke to them:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l333.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ἔγνω","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"understood"},{"surface":"ᾗσιν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρεσὶ","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"φώνησέν","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke to them"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":334,"label":"334","id":"b1-l334","source":"χαίρετε κήρυκες Διὸς ἄγγελοι ἠδὲ καὶ ἀνδρῶν,","translation":"\"Welcome, heralds, messengers of Zeus and of men;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l334.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χαίρετε","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"welcome"},{"surface":"κήρυκες","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"heralds"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"ἄγγελοι","lemma":"ἄγγελος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"messengers"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":335,"label":"335","id":"b1-l335","source":"ἆσσον ἴτʼ· οὔ τί μοι ὔμμες ἐπαίτιοι ἀλλʼ Ἀγαμέμνων,","translation":"come nearer. You are not to blame in my eyes, but Agamemnon,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l335.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἆσσον","lemma":"ἆσσον","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἴτ̓","gloss":"nearer"},{"surface":"ἴτ","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"come","note":"Achilles greets the heralds warmly before they can even speak — he already knows why they've come and makes clear his anger is aimed at Agamemnon, not at the messengers."},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in my eyes"},{"surface":"ὔμμες","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative plural pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἐπαίτιοι","lemma":"ἐπαίτιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"to blame"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":336,"label":"336","id":"b1-l336","source":"ὃ σφῶϊ προΐει Βρισηΐδος εἵνεκα κούρης.","translation":"who sends the two of you here for the sake of the girl Briseis.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l336.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of προΐει","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"σφῶϊ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative dual pronoun","role":"object of προΐει","gloss":"the two of you"},{"surface":"προΐει","lemma":"προίημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"sends"},{"surface":"Βρισηΐδος","lemma":"Βρισηίς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies κούρης","gloss":"Briseis"},{"surface":"εἵνεκα","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for the sake of"},{"surface":"κούρης","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to εἵνεκα","gloss":"the girl"}]},{"number":337,"label":"337","id":"b1-l337","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε διογενὲς Πατρόκλεες ἔξαγε κούρην","translation":"But come, Patroclus, sprung from Zeus, lead out the girl","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l337.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"διογενὲς","lemma":"διογενής","morphology":"vocative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies Πατρόκλεες","gloss":"sprung from Zeus","note":"διογενές, \"sprung from Zeus,\" is an honorific epithet Achilles extends to Patroclus here — a mark of the closeness between them as he hands over the hardest task."},{"surface":"Πατρόκλεες","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"ἔξαγε","lemma":"ἐξάγω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lead out"},{"surface":"κούρην","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔξαγε","gloss":"the girl"}]},{"number":338,"label":"338","id":"b1-l338","source":"καί σφωϊν δὸς ἄγειν· τὼ δʼ αὐτὼ μάρτυροι ἔστων","translation":"and give her to them to lead away; and let the two of them themselves be witnesses","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l338.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφωϊν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative dual masculine pronoun","role":"object of δὸς","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"δὸς","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"ἄγειν","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to δὸς","gloss":"to lead away"},{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔστων","gloss":"the two of them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτὼ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"μάρτυροι","lemma":"μάρτυρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"witnesses","note":"Achilles calls the two heralds themselves as witnesses — not just to what is done to him, but to whom he calls next: gods, mortals, and the king himself, escalating across the next two lines."},{"surface":"ἔστων","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let... be"}]},{"number":339,"label":"339","id":"b1-l339","source":"πρός τε θεῶν μακάρων πρός τε θνητῶν ἀνθρώπων","translation":"before the blessed gods and before mortal men,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l339.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρός","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before","note":"πρός τε...πρός τε repeats the same preposition for a triple oath-formula — gods, men, and (next line) the king himself — building a solemn, almost legal weight behind Achilles' declaration."},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πρός","gloss":"the gods"},{"surface":"μακάρων","lemma":"μάκαρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεῶν","gloss":"blessed"},{"surface":"πρός","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"θνητῶν","lemma":"θνητός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνθρώπων","gloss":"mortal"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πρός","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":340,"label":"340","id":"b1-l340","source":"καὶ πρὸς τοῦ βασιλῆος ἀπηνέος εἴ ποτε δʼ αὖτε","translation":"and before that pitiless king himself, if ever again","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l340.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine article","role":"modifies βασιλῆος","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"βασιλῆος","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πρὸς","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"ἀπηνέος","lemma":"ἀπηνής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies βασιλῆος","gloss":"pitiless"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"ποτε","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to γένηται","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γένηται","gloss":"again"}]},{"number":341,"label":"341","id":"b1-l341","source":"χρειὼ ἐμεῖο γένηται ἀεικέα λοιγὸν ἀμῦναι","translation":"there should come need of me to ward off shameful ruin","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l341.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χρειὼ","lemma":"χρεώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of γένηται","gloss":"need"},{"surface":"ἐμεῖο","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies χρειὼ","gloss":"of me"},{"surface":"γένηται","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"should come"},{"surface":"ἀεικέα","lemma":"ἀεικής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λοιγὸν","gloss":"shameful"},{"surface":"λοιγὸν","lemma":"λοιγός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμῦναι","gloss":"ruin"},{"surface":"ἀμῦναι","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"modifies χρειὼ","gloss":"to ward off"}]},{"number":342,"label":"342","id":"b1-l342","source":"τοῖς ἄλλοις· ἦ γὰρ ὅ γʼ ὀλοιῇσι φρεσὶ θύει,","translation":"from the rest — for indeed he rages with a ruinous mind,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l342.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἄλλοις","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἄλλοις","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀμῦναι","gloss":"rest"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δέ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ὀλοιῇσι","lemma":"ὀλοός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρεσὶ","gloss":"ruinous"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to θύει","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"θύει","lemma":"θύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rages","note":"θύει, literally \"he sacrifices\" or \"rushes in frenzy,\" describes Agamemnon's fury with the same verb used of a raging fire or a maddened animal — anger as an uncontrolled force, not a reasoned choice."}]},{"number":343,"label":"343","id":"b1-l343","source":"οὐδέ τι οἶδε νοῆσαι ἅμα πρόσσω καὶ ὀπίσσω,","translation":"and does not know how to look at once forward and back,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l343.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to οἶδε","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"οἶδε","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"know","note":"The \"not\" of \"does not know\" belongs to an untagged οὐδέ before this word (an upstream id gap in this edition, not invented here) — οἶδε itself is the plain positive verb."},{"surface":"νοῆσαι","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of οἶδε","gloss":"to look"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"πρόσσω","lemma":"πρόσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀπίσσω","lemma":"ὀπίσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"back"}]},{"number":344,"label":"344","id":"b1-l344","source":"ὅππως οἱ παρὰ νηυσὶ σόοι μαχέοιντο Ἀχαιοί.","translation":"so that the Achaeans might fight safely for him beside the ships.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l344.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅππως","lemma":"ὅπως","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοί","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"σόοι","lemma":"σῶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"safely"},{"surface":"μαχέοιντο","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὅππως","gloss":"might fight"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of μαχέοιντο","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":345,"label":"345","id":"b1-l345","source":"ὣς φάτο, Πάτροκλος δὲ φίλῳ ἐπεπείθεθʼ ἑταίρῳ,","translation":"So he spoke, and Patroclus obeyed his dear companion,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l345.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"Πάτροκλος","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπεπείθεθ̓","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φίλῳ","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταίρῳ","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἐπεπείθεθ","lemma":"ἐπιπείθομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"obeyed"},{"surface":"ἑταίρῳ","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπεπείθεθ̓","gloss":"companion"}]},{"number":346,"label":"346","id":"b1-l346","source":"ἐκ δʼ ἄγαγε κλισίης Βρισηΐδα καλλιπάρῃον,","translation":"and led fair-cheeked Briseis out of the hut,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l346.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄγαγε","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"κλισίης","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"the hut"},{"surface":"Βρισηΐδα","lemma":"Βρισηίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἄγαγε","gloss":"Briseis"},{"surface":"καλλιπάρῃον","lemma":"καλλιπάρηος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Βρισηΐδα","gloss":"fair-cheeked"}]},{"number":347,"label":"347","id":"b1-l347","source":"δῶκε δʼ ἄγειν· τὼ δʼ αὖτις ἴτην παρὰ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν·","translation":"and gave her to them to lead away; and the two of them went back beside the ships of the Achaeans;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l347.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῶκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄγειν","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to δῶκε","gloss":"to lead away"},{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἴτην","gloss":"the two of them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἴτην","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ἴτην","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of παρὰ","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":348,"label":"348","id":"b1-l348","source":"ἣ δʼ ἀέκουσʼ ἅμα τοῖσι γυνὴ κίεν· αὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς","translation":"and the woman went with them unwilling. But Achilles,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l348.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine article","role":"modifies γυνὴ","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀέκουσ","lemma":"ἀέκων","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unwilling"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἅμα","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"γυνὴ","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of κίεν","gloss":"the woman"},{"surface":"κίεν","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but","note":"The scene pivots here: Briseis exits with the heralds, and αὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεύς turns the narrative's attention to Achilles alone, isolated on the shore — the quarrel's public half is over, its private grief begins."},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕζετο","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":349,"label":"349","id":"b1-l349","source":"δακρύσας ἑτάρων ἄφαρ ἕζετο νόσφι λιασθείς,","translation":"weeping, at once sat apart, withdrawn from his companions,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l349.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δακρύσας","lemma":"δακρύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕζετο","gloss":"weeping"},{"surface":"ἑτάρων","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to νόσφι","gloss":"his companions"},{"surface":"ἄφαρ","lemma":"ἄφαρ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕζετο","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ἕζετο","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"νόσφι","lemma":"νόσφι","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"apart"},{"surface":"λιασθείς","lemma":"λιάζομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕζετο","gloss":"withdrawn"}]},{"number":350,"label":"350","id":"b1-l350","source":"θῖνʼ ἔφʼ ἁλὸς πολιῆς, ὁρόων ἐπʼ ἀπείρονα πόντον·","translation":"on the shore of the gray sea, gazing out over the boundless deep;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l350.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θῖν","lemma":"θίς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔφ̓","gloss":"the shore"},{"surface":"ἔφ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ἁλὸς","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies θῖν̓","gloss":"of the sea"},{"surface":"πολιῆς","lemma":"πολιός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἁλὸς","gloss":"gray"},{"surface":"ὁρόων","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕζετο","gloss":"gazing"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out over"},{"surface":"ἀπείρονα","lemma":"ἀπείρων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόντον","gloss":"boundless"},{"surface":"πόντον","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"the deep"}]},{"number":351,"label":"351","id":"b1-l351","source":"πολλὰ δὲ μητρὶ φίλῃ ἠρήσατο χεῖρας ὀρεγνύς·","translation":"and stretching out his hands, he prayed fervently to his dear mother:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l351.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἠρήσατο","gloss":"fervently"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μητρὶ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἠρήσατο","gloss":"to his mother"},{"surface":"φίλῃ","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μητρὶ","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἠρήσατο","lemma":"ἀράομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"prayed"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὀρεγνύς","gloss":"his hands"},{"surface":"ὀρεγνύς","lemma":"ὀρέγνυμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἠρήσατο","gloss":"stretching out"}]},{"number":352,"label":"352","id":"b1-l352","source":"μῆτερ ἐπεί μʼ ἔτεκές γε μινυνθάδιόν περ ἐόντα,","translation":"\"Mother, since you bore me to be short-lived, however brief my life,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l352.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μῆτερ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Mother"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔτεκές","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἔτεκές","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"you bore"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"μινυνθάδιόν","lemma":"μινυνθάδιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"short-lived","note":"μινυνθάδιον, \"short-lived,\" is Achilles' own naming of the fate that will drive his choices for the rest of the poem — this line is the first time he states his early death as settled fact, not fear."},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"however brief"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":353,"label":"353","id":"b1-l353","source":"τιμήν πέρ μοι ὄφελλεν Ὀλύμπιος ἐγγυαλίξαι","translation":"honor at least the Olympian ought to have granted me,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l353.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τιμήν","lemma":"τιμή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐγγυαλίξαι","gloss":"honor"},{"surface":"πέρ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐγγυαλίξαι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ὄφελλεν","lemma":"ὀφέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ought to have"},{"surface":"Ὀλύμπιος","lemma":"Ὀλύμπιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ζεὺς","gloss":"the Olympian"},{"surface":"ἐγγυαλίξαι","lemma":"ἐγγυαλίζω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ὄφελλεν","gloss":"granted"}]},{"number":354,"label":"354","id":"b1-l354","source":"Ζεὺς ὑψιβρεμέτης· νῦν δʼ οὐδέ με τυτθὸν ἔτισεν·","translation":"Zeus who thunders on high; but now he has not honored me even a little;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l354.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὄφελλεν","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ὑψιβρεμέτης","lemma":"ὑψιβρεμέτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ζεὺς","gloss":"who thunders on high"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔτισεν","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔτισεν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"τυτθὸν","lemma":"τυτθός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔτισεν","gloss":"even a little"},{"surface":"ἔτισεν","lemma":"τίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has honored","note":"The \"not\" of \"has not honored\" belongs to an untagged οὐδέ at the gapped id between δ' and με (an upstream id gap in this edition, not invented here) — ἔτισεν itself is the plain positive verb."}]},{"number":355,"label":"355","id":"b1-l355","source":"ἦ γάρ μʼ Ἀτρεΐδης εὐρὺ κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων","translation":"for indeed the son of Atreus, the wide-ruling lord Agamemnon,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l355.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠτίμησεν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδης","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"the son of Atreus"},{"surface":"εὐρὺ","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"wide-ruling"},{"surface":"κρείων","lemma":"κρείων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠτίμησεν","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":356,"label":"356","id":"b1-l356","source":"ἠτίμησεν· ἑλὼν γὰρ ἔχει γέρας αὐτὸς ἀπούρας.","translation":"has dishonored me; for he has seized my prize and keeps it, having taken it for himself.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l356.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠτίμησεν","lemma":"ἀτιμάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has dishonored"},{"surface":"ἑλὼν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔχει","gloss":"has seized"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔχει","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"keeps"},{"surface":"γέρας","lemma":"γέρας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχει","gloss":"my prize","note":"γέρας is the exact word for Briseis that ran through the whole quarrel with Agamemnon (line 276 and after) — Achilles closes his complaint to his mother with the same term of honor that started the fight."},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ἀπούρας","lemma":"ἀπαυράω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔχει","gloss":"having taken it"}]},{"number":357,"label":"357","id":"b1-l357","source":"ὣς φάτο δάκρυ χέων, τοῦ δʼ ἔκλυε πότνια μήτηρ","translation":"So he spoke, weeping, and his queenly mother heard him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l357.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"δάκρυ","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of χέων","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"χέων","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"shedding"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔκλυε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔκλυε","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"πότνια","lemma":"πότνια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μήτηρ","gloss":"queenly"},{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔκλυε","gloss":"mother"}]},{"number":358,"label":"358","id":"b1-l358","source":"ἡμένη ἐν βένθεσσιν ἁλὸς παρὰ πατρὶ γέροντι·","translation":"sitting in the depths of the sea beside her aged father;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l358.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμένη","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἔκλυε","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"βένθεσσιν","lemma":"βένθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"the depths"},{"surface":"ἁλὸς","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies βένθεσσιν","gloss":"of the sea"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"πατρὶ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"her father"},{"surface":"γέροντι","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πατρὶ","gloss":"aged"}]},{"number":359,"label":"359","id":"b1-l359","source":"καρπαλίμως δʼ ἀνέδυ πολιῆς ἁλὸς ἠΰτʼ ὀμίχλη,","translation":"and swiftly she rose from the gray sea like a mist,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l359.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἠΰτʼ ὀμίχλη","title":"\"Like a mist\": Thetis rising","body":"ἠΰτε, \"as, like,\" introduces a brief simile — Thetis emerges from the sea the way mist rises off water, a quiet image of a sea-goddess made visible for a moment before she sits beside her weeping son."}],"words":[{"surface":"καρπαλίμως","lemma":"καρπάλιμος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνέδυ","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνέδυ","lemma":"ἀναδύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she rose"},{"surface":"πολιῆς","lemma":"πολιός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἁλὸς","gloss":"gray"},{"surface":"ἁλὸς","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀνέδυ","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"ἠΰτ","lemma":"ἠύτε","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ὀμίχλη","lemma":"ὁμίχλη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"a mist"}]},{"number":360,"label":"360","id":"b1-l360","source":"καί ῥα πάροιθʼ αὐτοῖο καθέζετο δάκρυ χέοντος,","translation":"and sat down before him as he wept,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l360.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"πάροιθ","lemma":"πάροιθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"αὐτοῖο","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to πάροιθ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"καθέζετο","lemma":"καθέζομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat down"},{"surface":"δάκρυ","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of χέοντος","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"χέοντος","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"shedding"}]},{"number":361,"label":"361","id":"b1-l361","source":"χειρί τέ μιν κατέρεξεν ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζε·","translation":"and stroked him with her hand, and spoke to him, and called him by name:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l361.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χειρί","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατέρεξεν","gloss":"with her hand"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κατέρεξεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"κατέρεξεν","lemma":"καταρρέζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stroked","note":"καταρρέζω, \"to stroke gently,\" is a tender physical gesture rare in the Iliad's battle-heavy vocabulary — Thetis touches her son before she speaks, comfort coming before words."},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔφατ̓","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke to him"},{"surface":"ἔκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"ἔκ...ὀνόμαζε is tmesis of ἐξονομάζω, \"to call by name\" — the preposition splits off from the verb at the end of the line."},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀνόμαζε","lemma":"ὀνομάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called him by name"}]},{"number":362,"label":"362","id":"b1-l362","source":"τέκνον τί κλαίεις; τί δέ σε φρένας ἵκετο πένθος;","translation":"\"My child, why do you weep? What grief has come upon your heart?","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l362.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τέκνον","lemma":"τέκνον","morphology":"vocative singular neuter noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"my child"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to κλαίεις","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"κλαίεις","lemma":"κλαίω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do you weep"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies πένθος","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἵκετο","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"φρένας","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἵκετο","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἵκετο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has come upon"},{"surface":"πένθος","lemma":"πένθος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἵκετο","gloss":"grief"}]},{"number":363,"label":"363","id":"b1-l363","source":"ἐξαύδα, μὴ κεῦθε νόῳ, ἵνα εἴδομεν ἄμφω.","translation":"Speak out, do not hide it in your mind, so that we both may know.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l363.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξαύδα","lemma":"ἐξαυδάω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"speak out"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"do not"},{"surface":"κεῦθε","lemma":"κεύθω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hide it"},{"surface":"νόῳ","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κεῦθε","gloss":"in your mind"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"εἴδομεν","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"we... may know"},{"surface":"ἄμφω","lemma":"ἄμφω","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"subject of εἴδομεν","gloss":"both","note":"ἄμφω, \"both,\" quietly binds mother and son together in the sentence's grammar exactly as Thetis is asking to be let into his grief — knowledge shared is the intimacy she's asking for."}]},{"number":364,"label":"364","id":"b1-l364","source":"τὴν δὲ βαρὺ στενάχων προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς·","translation":"Groaning heavily, swift-footed Achilles answered her:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l364.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"βαρὺ","lemma":"βαρύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to στενάχων","gloss":"heavily"},{"surface":"στενάχων","lemma":"στενάχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"groaning"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"πόδας","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὠκὺς","gloss":"footed"},{"surface":"ὠκὺς","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":365,"label":"365","id":"b1-l365","source":"οἶσθα· τί ἤ τοι ταῦτα ἰδυίῃ πάντʼ ἀγορεύω;","translation":"\"You know it. Why then should I tell you everything, when you know it all already?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l365.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἶσθα","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you know it","note":"οἶσθα, \"you know it,\" is a strikingly blunt opening — Achilles skips past explaining the quarrel to his own mother, since as a goddess she already knows the full story, and says so before recounting it anyway."},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀγορεύω","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἀγορεύω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀγορεύω","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"ἰδυίῃ","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active participle, dative singular feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"when you know"},{"surface":"πάντ","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ταῦτα","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύω","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"should I tell"}]},{"number":366,"label":"366","id":"b1-l366","source":"ᾠχόμεθʼ ἐς Θήβην ἱερὴν πόλιν Ἠετίωνος,","translation":"We went to Thebe, the sacred city of Eëtion,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l366.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ᾠχόμεθ","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Θήβην","lemma":"Θήβη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Thebe"},{"surface":"ἱερὴν","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πόλιν","gloss":"sacred"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"Ἠετίωνος","lemma":"Ἠετίων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πόλιν","gloss":"of Eëtion"}]},{"number":367,"label":"367","id":"b1-l367","source":"τὴν δὲ διεπράθομέν τε καὶ ἤγομεν ἐνθάδε πάντα·","translation":"and we sacked it, and brought everything back here;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l367.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of διεπράθομέν","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"διεπράθομέν","lemma":"διαπέρθω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sacked"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and","note":"διεπράθομέν τε ... ἤγομεν is a τε...καί pair yoking the two verbs (\"sacked ... and brought\") into one balanced action."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤγομεν","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brought"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδε","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἤγομεν","gloss":"back here"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἤγομεν","gloss":"everything"}]},{"number":368,"label":"368","id":"b1-l368","source":"καὶ τὰ μὲν εὖ δάσσαντο μετὰ σφίσιν υἷες Ἀχαιῶν,","translation":"and the sons of the Achaeans divided it well among themselves,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l368.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of δάσσαντο","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand","note":"This μέν is answered by the δ' of ἐκ δ' ἕλον in the next line: the army divided most of the plunder fairly, but set Chryseis apart as a special prize."},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δάσσαντο","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"δάσσαντο","lemma":"δατέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"divided"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"σφίσιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"υἷες","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷες","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":369,"label":"369","id":"b1-l369","source":"ἐκ δʼ ἕλον Ἀτρεΐδῃ Χρυσηΐδα καλλιπάρῃον.","translation":"and set apart fair-cheeked Chryseis for the son of Atreus.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l369.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"ἐκ is split off from ἕλον in tmesis: ἐξαιρέω, \"to set apart, take out,\" is felt as one compound verb, with the preposition contributing no separate English word."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but","note":"This δ' completes the μέν begun at τὰ μὲν in the previous line: the rest was divided fairly, but Chryseis was set apart."},{"surface":"ἕλον","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set apart"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδῃ","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕλον","gloss":"for the son of Atreus"},{"surface":"Χρυσηΐδα","lemma":"Χρυσηίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἕλον","gloss":"Chryseis"},{"surface":"καλλιπάρῃον","lemma":"καλλιπάρηος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Χρυσηΐδα","gloss":"fair-cheeked"}]},{"number":370,"label":"370","id":"b1-l370","source":"Χρύσης δʼ αὖθʼ ἱερεὺς ἑκατηβόλου Ἀπόλλωνος","translation":"Then Chryses, priest of far-shooting Apollo,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l370.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἑκατηβόλου","title":"A metrical variant of \"far-shooting\"","body":"ἑκατηβόλος is a lengthened metrical variant of ἑκηβόλος, already locked as \"far-shooting\"; the two forms mean the same thing and are rendered the same way."}],"words":[{"surface":"Χρύσης","lemma":"Χρύσης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Chryses"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"αὖθ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἱερεὺς","lemma":"ἱερεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Χρύσης","gloss":"priest"},{"surface":"ἑκατηβόλου","lemma":"ἑκατηβόλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλωνος","gloss":"far-shooting"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλωνος","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἱερεὺς","gloss":"of Apollo"}]},{"number":371,"label":"371","id":"b1-l371","source":"ἦλθε θοὰς ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων","translation":"came to the swift ships of the bronze-clad Achaeans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l371.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"χαλκοχιτώνων","title":"Bronze-clad Achaeans","body":"χαλκοχίτων, \"bronze-tunicked,\" names the Achaeans by their armor, like ἐϋκνήμιδες \"well-greaved\" earlier — another concrete, gear-naming standing epithet rather than a vague honorific."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"θοὰς","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"of the Achaeans"},{"surface":"χαλκοχιτώνων","lemma":"χαλκοχίτων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιῶν","gloss":"bronze-clad"}]},{"number":372,"label":"372","id":"b1-l372","source":"λυσόμενός τε θύγατρα φέρων τʼ ἀπερείσιʼ ἄποινα,","translation":"to free his daughter, bringing boundless ransom,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l372.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"λυσόμενός τε θύγατρα ...","title":"Achilles' retelling repeats the narrator's own words","body":"Lines 372–379 repeat lines 13–16 and 22–25 nearly word for word — Achilles, retelling the quarrel to his mother, uses the very lines the narrator used to open the poem. Where the Greek is identical, our English is held to the same fixed wording used in the opening scene, matching Homer's own repetition rather than varying it for style."}],"words":[{"surface":"λυσόμενός","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"future middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τ̓","gloss":"to free"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θύγατρα","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of λυσόμενός","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"φέρων","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τ̓","gloss":"bringing"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπερείσι","lemma":"ἀπερείσιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄποινα","gloss":"boundless"},{"surface":"ἄποινα","lemma":"ἄποινα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of φέρων","gloss":"ransom"}]},{"number":373,"label":"373","id":"b1-l373","source":"στέμματʼ ἔχων ἐν χερσὶν ἑκηβόλου Ἀπόλλωνος","translation":"holding in his hands the wreaths of far-shooting Apollo","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l373.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στέμματ","lemma":"στέμμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχων","gloss":"wreaths"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"his hands"},{"surface":"ἑκηβόλου","lemma":"ἑκηβόλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλωνος","gloss":"far-shooting"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλωνος","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies στέμματ̓","gloss":"of Apollo"}]},{"number":374,"label":"374","id":"b1-l374","source":"χρυσέῳ ἀνὰ σκήπτρῳ, καὶ λίσσετο πάντας Ἀχαιούς,","translation":"upon a golden staff, and he besought all the Achaeans,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l374.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χρυσέῳ","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σκήπτρῳ","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"σκήπτρῳ","lemma":"σκῆπτρον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀνὰ","gloss":"staff"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λίσσετο","lemma":"λίσσομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"besought"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιούς","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":375,"label":"375","id":"b1-l375","source":"Ἀτρεΐδα δὲ μάλιστα δύω κοσμήτορε λαῶν.","translation":"but above all the two sons of Atreus, marshals of the people:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l375.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδα","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"accusative dual masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"the two sons of Atreus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"above all"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies Ἀτρεΐδα","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"κοσμήτορε","lemma":"κοσμήτωρ","morphology":"accusative dual masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"marshals","note":"κοσμήτορε λαῶν, \"marshals of the people,\" is a formulaic Homeric title for commanding kings, applied here to Agamemnon and Menelaus together."},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies κοσμήτορε","gloss":"of the people"}]},{"number":376,"label":"376","id":"b1-l376","source":"ἔνθʼ ἄλλοι μὲν πάντες ἐπευφήμησαν Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"Then all the rest of the Achaeans cried out their assent,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l376.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπευφήμησαν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοὶ","gloss":"the rest"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand","note":"This μέν sets up a contrast completed two lines later by ἀλλ' οὐκ (\"but... not\"): everyone else agreed, but Agamemnon alone did not."},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοὶ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐπευφήμησαν","lemma":"ἐπευφημέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cried out assent"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐπευφήμησαν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":377,"label":"377","id":"b1-l377","source":"αἰδεῖσθαί θʼ ἱερῆα καὶ ἀγλαὰ δέχθαι ἄποινα·","translation":"to respect the priest and accept the splendid ransom;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l377.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰδεῖσθαί","lemma":"αἰδέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to respect"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱερῆα","lemma":"ἱερεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of αἰδεῖσθαί","gloss":"priest"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγλαὰ","lemma":"ἀγλαός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄποινα","gloss":"splendid"},{"surface":"δέχθαι","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to accept"},{"surface":"ἄποινα","lemma":"ἄποινα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δέχθαι","gloss":"ransom"}]},{"number":378,"label":"378","id":"b1-l378","source":"ἀλλʼ οὐκ Ἀτρεΐδῃ Ἀγαμέμνονι ἥνδανε θυμῷ,","translation":"but this did not please the heart of Atreus' son Agamemnon,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l378.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but","note":"This ἀλλ' completes the μέν...ἀλλά contrast begun two lines earlier: the whole army agreed, but Agamemnon's heart alone refused."},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδῃ","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνονι","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνονι","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἥνδανε","gloss":"Agamemnon"},{"surface":"ἥνδανε","lemma":"ἁνδάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pleased"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἥνδανε","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":379,"label":"379","id":"b1-l379","source":"ἀλλὰ κακῶς ἀφίει, κρατερὸν δʼ ἐπὶ μῦθον ἔτελλε·","translation":"and he sent him away harshly, laying on him a stern command:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l379.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κακῶς","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀφίει","gloss":"harshly"},{"surface":"ἀφίει","lemma":"ἀφίημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent away"},{"surface":"κρατερὸν","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μῦθον","gloss":"stern"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon","note":"ἐπὶ...ἔτελλε is split across the line (tmesis) from a single compound verb ἐπιτέλλω, \"to lay a command upon someone.\""},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔτελλε","gloss":"command"},{"surface":"ἔτελλε","lemma":"τέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"laid on"}]},{"number":380,"label":"380","id":"b1-l380","source":"χωόμενος δʼ ὁ γέρων πάλιν ᾤχετο· τοῖο δʼ Ἀπόλλων","translation":"enraged, the old man went back again; and Apollo","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l380.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χωόμενος","lemma":"χώομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ᾤχετο","gloss":"enraged"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies γέρων","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ᾤχετο","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"πάλιν","lemma":"πάλιν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ᾤχετο","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ᾤχετο","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went back"},{"surface":"τοῖο","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἤκουσεν","gloss":"him","note":"τοῖο is the genitive object of ἤκουσεν on the next line (\"heard him\"), naming Chryses just before Apollo answers his prayer."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":381,"label":"381","id":"b1-l381","source":"εὐξαμένου ἤκουσεν, ἐπεὶ μάλα οἱ φίλος ἦεν,","translation":"heard him as he prayed, since he was very dear to him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l381.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὐξαμένου","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as he prayed"},{"surface":"ἤκουσεν","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦεν","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"was"}]},{"number":382,"label":"382","id":"b1-l382","source":"ἧκε δʼ ἐπʼ Ἀργείοισι κακὸν βέλος· οἳ δέ νυ λαοὶ","translation":"and let fly an evil shaft against the Argives; and the people","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l382.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἧκε","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let fly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"Ἀργείοισι","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"the Argives"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies βέλος","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"βέλος","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἧκε","gloss":"shaft"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies λαοὶ","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νυ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θνῇσκον","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"νυ, a shortened form of νῦν, adds emphasis to the resumed narrative without a separate word in the English."},{"surface":"λαοὶ","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of θνῇσκον","gloss":"the people"}]},{"number":383,"label":"383","id":"b1-l383","source":"θνῇσκον ἐπασσύτεροι, τὰ δʼ ἐπῴχετο κῆλα θεοῖο","translation":"kept dying, one after another, and the god's arrows ranged","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l383.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θνῇσκον","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kept dying"},{"surface":"ἐπασσύτεροι","lemma":"ἐπασσύτερος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"one after another"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter article","role":"modifies κῆλα","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπῴχετο","lemma":"ἐποίχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ranged"},{"surface":"κῆλα","lemma":"κῆλον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐπῴχετο","gloss":"arrows"},{"surface":"θεοῖο","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κῆλα","gloss":"the god's"}]},{"number":384,"label":"384","id":"b1-l384","source":"πάντῃ ἀνὰ στρατὸν εὐρὺν Ἀχαιῶν· ἄμμι δὲ μάντις","translation":"everywhere throughout the wide camp of the Achaeans; and a seer","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l384.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντῃ","lemma":"πάντῃ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπῴχετο","gloss":"everywhere"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"στρατὸν","lemma":"στρατός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνὰ","gloss":"camp"},{"surface":"εὐρὺν","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies στρατὸν","gloss":"wide"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies στρατὸν","gloss":"of the Achaeans"},{"surface":"ἄμμι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀγόρευε","gloss":"to us","note":"ἄμμι is a dative plural pronoun (\"to us\") whose sense lands in the next line's \"declared to us the prophecies.\""},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάντις","lemma":"μάντις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀγόρευε","gloss":"a seer"}]},{"number":385,"label":"385","id":"b1-l385","source":"εὖ εἰδὼς ἀγόρευε θεοπροπίας ἑκάτοιο.","translation":"who knew it well declared to us the prophecies of the far-shooter.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l385.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἑκάτοιο","title":"A third epithet of Apollo: \"the far one\"","body":"ἕκατος, \"the far one\" or \"far-shooter,\" is a distinct Homeric byname of Apollo used here as a substantive, standing in for the god's own name — a third form alongside ἑκηβόλος \"far-shooting\" and ἑκάεργος \"the far-worker,\" already locked. We hold \"the far-shooter\" for this one, keeping all three Greek words distinct in English."}],"words":[{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰδὼς","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"εἰδὼς","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀγόρευε","gloss":"who knew"},{"surface":"ἀγόρευε","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"declared"},{"surface":"θεοπροπίας","lemma":"θεοπροπία","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀγόρευε","gloss":"the prophecies"},{"surface":"ἑκάτοιο","lemma":"ἕκατος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θεοπροπίας","gloss":"of the far-shooter"}]},{"number":386,"label":"386","id":"b1-l386","source":"αὐτίκʼ ἐγὼ πρῶτος κελόμην θεὸν ἱλάσκεσθαι·","translation":"At once I was the first to urge that we appease the god;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l386.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκ","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κελόμην","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κελόμην","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"πρῶτος","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"the first"},{"surface":"κελόμην","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urge"},{"surface":"θεὸν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἱλάσκεσθαι","gloss":"the god"},{"surface":"ἱλάσκεσθαι","lemma":"ἱλάσκομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of κελόμην","gloss":"appease"}]},{"number":387,"label":"387","id":"b1-l387","source":"Ἀτρεΐωνα δʼ ἔπειτα χόλος λάβεν, αἶψα δʼ ἀναστὰς","translation":"but then anger seized the son of Atreus, and rising up at once","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l387.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐωνα","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λάβεν","gloss":"the son of Atreus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λάβεν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"χόλος","lemma":"χόλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of λάβεν","gloss":"anger"},{"surface":"λάβεν","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized"},{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠπείλησεν","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀναστὰς","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἠπείλησεν","gloss":"rising up"}]},{"number":388,"label":"388","id":"b1-l388","source":"ἠπείλησεν μῦθον ὃ δὴ τετελεσμένος ἐστί·","translation":"he spoke a threat that has now been fulfilled;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l388.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠπείλησεν","lemma":"ἀπειλέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"threatened"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠπείλησεν","gloss":"a threat"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐστί","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τετελεσμένος","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"fulfilled"},{"surface":"ἐστί","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing μῦθον","gloss":"has been"}]},{"number":389,"label":"389","id":"b1-l389","source":"τὴν μὲν γὰρ σὺν νηῒ θοῇ ἑλίκωπες Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"for the one girl the bright-eyed Achaeans, with a swift ship,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l389.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἑλίκωπες Ἀχαιοὶ","title":"\"Bright-eyed,\" now applied to the Achaeans","body":"ἑλίκωψ shares its root with ἑλικῶπις, the epithet rendered \"bright-eyed\" for Chryseis at line 98; there it described one girl, here the same root — declined for a whole army rather than one woman — is held to the same English word, \"bright-eyed.\""}],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of πέμπουσιν","gloss":"the one girl","note":"τὴν μὲν here anticipates τὴν δὲ two lines later: \"the one girl [Chryseis]... the other [Briseis]\" — a paired contrast running across the sentence."},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"νηῒ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"a ship"},{"surface":"θοῇ","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῒ","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἑλίκωπες","lemma":"ἑλίκωψ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοὶ","gloss":"bright-eyed"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":390,"label":"390","id":"b1-l390","source":"ἐς Χρύσην πέμπουσιν, ἄγουσι δὲ δῶρα ἄνακτι·","translation":"are sending to Chryse, and bringing gifts to the lord;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l390.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Χρύσην","lemma":"Χρύσης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Chryse"},{"surface":"πέμπουσιν","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are sending"},{"surface":"ἄγουσι","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bringing"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἄγουσι","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"ἄνακτι","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄγουσι","gloss":"to the lord"}]},{"number":391,"label":"391","id":"b1-l391","source":"τὴν δὲ νέον κλισίηθεν ἔβαν κήρυκες ἄγοντες","translation":"and the other, just now, heralds went from my hut and led away —","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l391.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"the other","note":"τὴν δὲ pairs back with τὴν μὲν at line 389: \"the one girl... the other,\" contrasting Chryseis (sent home) with Briseis (taken by the heralds)."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νέον","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔβαν","gloss":"just now"},{"surface":"κλισίηθεν","lemma":"κλισίηθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἄγοντες","gloss":"from my hut"},{"surface":"ἔβαν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"κήρυκες","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔβαν","gloss":"heralds"},{"surface":"ἄγοντες","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔβαν","gloss":"led away"}]},{"number":392,"label":"392","id":"b1-l392","source":"κούρην Βρισῆος τήν μοι δόσαν υἷες Ἀχαιῶν.","translation":"the daughter of Briseus, whom the sons of the Achaeans gave me.","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l392.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κούρην Βρισῆος","title":"Briseis: named for her father","body":"Like Χρυσηΐς, \"Chryseis,\" Βρισηΐς, \"Briseis,\" is formed as a patronymic — literally \"daughter of Briseus.\" Neither woman is given a name of her own in the poem; both are identified only through the men who claim them."}],"words":[{"surface":"κούρην","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"the daughter"},{"surface":"Βρισῆος","lemma":"Βρισεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κούρην","gloss":"of Briseus"},{"surface":"τήν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of δόσαν","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δόσαν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"δόσαν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing κούρην","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"υἷες","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δόσαν","gloss":"the sons"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷες","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":393,"label":"393","id":"b1-l393","source":"ἀλλὰ σὺ εἰ δύνασαί γε περίσχεο παιδὸς ἑῆος·","translation":"But you, if you are able, stand by your own son;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l393.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of περίσχεο","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δύνασαί","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"are able"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"γε is an emphasizing particle with no separate English word here; it underscores the challenge implicit in \"if you are able.\""},{"surface":"περίσχεο","lemma":"περιέχω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stand by"},{"surface":"παιδὸς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of περίσχεο","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἑῆος","lemma":"ἐύς","morphology":"genitive singular adjective","role":"modifies παιδὸς","gloss":"your own"}]},{"number":394,"label":"394","id":"b1-l394","source":"ἐλθοῦσʼ Οὔλυμπον δὲ Δία λίσαι, εἴ ποτε δή τι","translation":"go to Olympus and beseech Zeus, if ever indeed","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l394.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐλθοῦσ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to λίσαι","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"Οὔλυμπον","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐλθοῦσ̓","gloss":"Olympus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Δία","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λίσαι","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"λίσαι","lemma":"λίσσομαι","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"beseech"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"ποτε","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ὤνησας","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"εἴ ποτε δή τι is a fixed conditional idiom, \"if ever indeed [in any way],\" with τι contributing no separate English word beyond the clause it opens."}]},{"number":395,"label":"395","id":"b1-l395","source":"ἢ ἔπει ὤνησας κραδίην Διὸς ἠὲ καὶ ἔργῳ.","translation":"you gladdened his heart, either by word or by deed.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l395.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"ἔπει","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἠὲ","gloss":"by word"},{"surface":"ὤνησας","lemma":"ὀνίνημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"gladdened"},{"surface":"κραδίην","lemma":"καρδία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὤνησας","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κραδίην","gloss":"Zeus's"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"This καὶ intensifies ἠὲ (\"or even/also\") but is absorbed into the plain English \"or by deed.\""},{"surface":"ἔργῳ","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἠὲ","gloss":"deed"}]},{"number":396,"label":"396","id":"b1-l396","source":"πολλάκι γάρ σεο πατρὸς ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ἄκουσα","translation":"For often I have heard you, in the halls of my father,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l396.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλάκι","lemma":"πολλάκις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄκουσα","gloss":"often"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"σεο","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular pronoun","role":"object of ἄκουσα","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μεγάροισιν","gloss":"my father"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισιν","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"the halls"},{"surface":"ἄκουσα","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I have heard"}]},{"number":397,"label":"397","id":"b1-l397","source":"εὐχομένης ὅτʼ ἔφησθα κελαινεφέϊ Κρονίωνι","translation":"declaring, when you spoke to the dark-clouded son of Cronos,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l397.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὐχομένης","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"declaring"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἔφησθα","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτ̓","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"κελαινεφέϊ","lemma":"κελαινεφής","morphology":"dative singular adjective","role":"modifies Κρονίωνι","gloss":"dark-clouded"},{"surface":"Κρονίωνι","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμῦναι","gloss":"son of Cronos"}]},{"number":398,"label":"398","id":"b1-l398","source":"οἴη ἐν ἀθανάτοισιν ἀεικέα λοιγὸν ἀμῦναι,","translation":"that you alone among the immortals warded off shameful ruin from him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l398.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴη","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισιν","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐν","gloss":"the immortals"},{"surface":"ἀεικέα","lemma":"ἀεικής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λοιγὸν","gloss":"shameful"},{"surface":"λοιγὸν","lemma":"λοιγός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμῦναι","gloss":"ruin"},{"surface":"ἀμῦναι","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἔφησθα","gloss":"warded off"}]},{"number":399,"label":"399","id":"b1-l399","source":"ὁππότε μιν ξυνδῆσαι Ὀλύμπιοι ἤθελον ἄλλοι","translation":"when the other Olympians wished to bind him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l399.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὁππότε","lemma":"ὁπότε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ξυνδῆσαι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ξυνδῆσαι","lemma":"συνδέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἤθελον","gloss":"to bind"},{"surface":"Ὀλύμπιοι","lemma":"Ὀλύμπιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"Olympians"},{"surface":"ἤθελον","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὁππότε","gloss":"wished"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀλύμπιοι","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":400,"label":"400","id":"b1-l400","source":"Ἥρη τʼ ἠδὲ Ποσειδάων καὶ Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη·","translation":"Hera, and Poseidon, and Pallas Athena;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l400.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Hera"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ποσειδάων","lemma":"Ποσειδεών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Poseidon"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Παλλὰς","lemma":"Παλλάς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"Pallas"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":401,"label":"401","id":"b1-l401","source":"ἀλλὰ σὺ τόν γʼ ἐλθοῦσα θεὰ ὑπελύσαο δεσμῶν,","translation":"but you, goddess, went and freed him from his bonds,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l401.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ὑπελύσαο","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὑπελύσαο","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"γε is an emphasizing particle with no separate English word here."},{"surface":"ἐλθοῦσα","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ὑπελύσαο","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"ὑπελύσαο","lemma":"ὑπολύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"freed"},{"surface":"δεσμῶν","lemma":"δεσμός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπελύσαο","gloss":"from his bonds"}]},{"number":402,"label":"402","id":"b1-l402","source":"ὦχʼ ἑκατόγχειρον καλέσασʼ ἐς μακρὸν Ὄλυμπον,","translation":"quickly calling the hundred-handed one to tall Olympus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l402.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦχ","lemma":"ὦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καλέσασ̓","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"ἑκατόγχειρον","lemma":"ἑκατόγχειρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of καλέσασ̓","gloss":"the hundred-handed one"},{"surface":"καλέσασ","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ὑπελύσαο","gloss":"calling"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"μακρὸν","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὄλυμπον","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"Ὄλυμπον","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Olympus"}]},{"number":403,"label":"403","id":"b1-l403","source":"ὃν Βριάρεων καλέουσι θεοί, ἄνδρες δέ τε πάντες","translation":"whom the gods call Briareus, but all men","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l403.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δέ","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"καλέουσι","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δέ","gloss":"call"},{"surface":"θεοί","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καλέουσι","gloss":"the gods"},{"surface":"ἄνδρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"This τε marks a general, all-men-do-this truth (gnomic τε) and is normally left untranslated."},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνδρες","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":404,"label":"404","id":"b1-l404","source":"Αἰγαίωνʼ, ὃ γὰρ αὖτε βίην οὗ πατρὸς ἀμείνων·","translation":"call Aegaeon — for he is greater in strength than his own father;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l404.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἰγαίων","lemma":"Αἰγαίων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"complement","gloss":"Aegaeon"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"αὖτε adds a sense of \"in turn/again\" with no separate word in the English clause \"for he is greater in strength.\""},{"surface":"βίην","lemma":"βία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀμείνων","gloss":"in strength"},{"surface":"οὗ","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατρὸς","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀμείνων","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἀμείνων","lemma":"ἀμείνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"greater"}]},{"number":405,"label":"405","id":"b1-l405","source":"ὅς ῥα παρὰ Κρονίωνι καθέζετο κύδεϊ γαίων·","translation":"and he sat down beside the son of Cronos, exulting in his glory;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l405.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καθέζετο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"Κρονίωνι","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of παρὰ","gloss":"the son of Cronos"},{"surface":"καθέζετο","lemma":"καθέζομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a subordinate clause","gloss":"sat down"},{"surface":"κύδεϊ","lemma":"κῦδος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of γαίων","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"γαίων","lemma":"γαίω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καθέζετο","gloss":"exulting"}]},{"number":406,"label":"406","id":"b1-l406","source":"τὸν καὶ ὑπέδεισαν μάκαρες θεοὶ οὐδʼ ἔτʼ ἔδησαν.","translation":"and the blessed gods were afraid of him, and did not bind Zeus after all.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l406.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὑπέδεισαν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπέδεισαν","lemma":"ὑποδείδω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were afraid"},{"surface":"μάκαρες","lemma":"μάκαρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"blessed"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔδησαν","gloss":"any longer","note":"ἔτι, \"still, further,\" combines with the missing negative οὐδ' (not shown as a separate word here) to give the sense \"no longer, not... after all.\""},{"surface":"ἔδησαν","lemma":"δέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bind"}]},{"number":407,"label":"407","id":"b1-l407","source":"τῶν νῦν μιν μνήσασα παρέζεο καὶ λαβὲ γούνων","translation":"Remind him of these things now, and sit beside him, and clasp his knees,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l407.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of μνήσασα","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of μνήσασα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μνήσασα","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"remind"},{"surface":"παρέζεο","lemma":"παρέζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sit beside"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λαβὲ","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"clasp"},{"surface":"γούνων","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of λαβὲ","gloss":"his knees"}]},{"number":408,"label":"408","id":"b1-l408","source":"αἴ κέν πως ἐθέλῃσιν ἐπὶ Τρώεσσιν ἀρῆξαι,","translation":"in case he might be willing to help the Trojans,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l408.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"in case"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"κέν marks the potential mood; its force is already carried by the English \"might.\""},{"surface":"πως","lemma":"πως","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἐθέλῃσιν","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"πως, \"somehow,\" softens ἐθέλῃσιν without a separate English word, folded into \"might be willing.\""},{"surface":"ἐθέλῃσιν","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"might be willing"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"ἐπὶ is split off from ἀρῆξαι in tmesis: ἐπαρήγω, \"to lend aid,\" is felt as one compound verb."},{"surface":"Τρώεσσιν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀρῆξαι","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἀρῆξαι","lemma":"ἀρήγω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"to help"}]},{"number":409,"label":"409","id":"b1-l409","source":"τοὺς δὲ κατὰ πρύμνας τε καὶ ἀμφʼ ἅλα ἔλσαι Ἀχαιοὺς","translation":"and to pen the Achaeans in against their ships' sterns and the sea,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l409.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine article","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοὺς","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"πρύμνας","lemma":"πρύμνα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"ships' sterns"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and","note":"πρύμνας τε καὶ ἀμφ' ἅλα is a τε...καί pair (\"sterns and around the sea\") joining the two things the Achaeans are pinned against."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"ἅλα","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀμφ̓","gloss":"the sea"},{"surface":"ἔλσαι","lemma":"εἴλω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"to pen ... in"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὺς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἔλσαι","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":410,"label":"410","id":"b1-l410","source":"κτεινομένους, ἵνα πάντες ἐπαύρωνται βασιλῆος,","translation":"as they are slaughtered, so that all may have their profit of their king,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l410.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κτεινομένους","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as they are slaughtered"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐπαύρωνται","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐπαύρωνται","lemma":"ἐπαυρέω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"may have their profit"},{"surface":"βασιλῆος","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπαύρωνται","gloss":"their king"}]},{"number":411,"label":"411","id":"b1-l411","source":"γνῷ δὲ καὶ Ἀτρεΐδης εὐρὺ κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων","translation":"and the son of Atreus, the wide-ruling lord Agamemnon, may know","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l411.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γνῷ","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"may know"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"This καὶ adds emphasis (\"also/even\") with no separate word in the English clause."},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδης","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"the son of Atreus"},{"surface":"εὐρὺ","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"wide-ruling"},{"surface":"κρείων","lemma":"κρείων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of γνῷ","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":412,"label":"412","id":"b1-l412","source":"ἣν ἄτην ὅ τʼ ἄριστον Ἀχαιῶν οὐδὲν ἔτισεν.","translation":"his own blind folly, that he paid no honor to the best of the Achaeans.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l412.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἣν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄτην","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"ἄτην","lemma":"ἄτη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of γνῷ","gloss":"blind folly"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"This τε is the gnomic/epic particle adding color to the clause without a separate translation."},{"surface":"ἄριστον","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἔτισεν","gloss":"the best"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄριστον","gloss":"of the Achaeans"},{"surface":"οὐδὲν","lemma":"οὐδείς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔτισεν","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"ἔτισεν","lemma":"τίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ὅ","gloss":"paid honor"}]},{"number":413,"label":"413","id":"b1-l413","source":"τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα Θέτις κατὰ δάκρυ χέουσα·","translation":"Then Thetis, shedding tears, answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l413.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"This δ' is not separately rendered; the translation's \"Then\" comes from ἔπειτα, not from δ'."},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Θέτις","lemma":"Θέτις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"Thetis"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"κατὰ is split off from χέουσα in tmesis: καταχέω, \"to pour down,\" is felt as one compound verb; χέουσα alone carries \"shedding.\""},{"surface":"δάκρυ","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of χέουσα","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"χέουσα","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"shedding"}]},{"number":414,"label":"414","id":"b1-l414","source":"ὤ μοι τέκνον ἐμόν, τί νύ σʼ ἔτρεφον αἰνὰ τεκοῦσα;","translation":"\"Ah, my child, why did I rear you, having borne you to such sorrow?","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l414.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"μοι is an ethical dative (\"for me\"), a Homeric intimacy marker with no separate word in \"Ah, my child.\""},{"surface":"τέκνον","lemma":"τέκνον","morphology":"vocative singular neuter noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"ἐμόν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"vocative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέκνον","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔτρεφον","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔτρεφον","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"νύ is an enclitic emphasizing particle with no separate English word."},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἔτρεφον","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἔτρεφον","lemma":"τρέφω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did I rear"},{"surface":"αἰνὰ","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to τεκοῦσα","gloss":"to such sorrow"},{"surface":"τεκοῦσα","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἔτρεφον","gloss":"having borne"}]},{"number":415,"label":"415","id":"b1-l415","source":"αἴθʼ ὄφελες παρὰ νηυσὶν ἀδάκρυτος καὶ ἀπήμων","translation":"Would that you might sit beside the ships without tears and without harm,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l415.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἴθ","lemma":"εἴθε","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would that"},{"surface":"ὄφελες","lemma":"ὀφείλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"ὄφελες is the verb that, with αἴθε, forms the Homeric wish idiom \"would that...\"; its modal force has no separate English word beyond the idiom itself."},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of παρὰ","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"ἀδάκρυτος","lemma":"ἀδάκρυτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"without tears"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπήμων","lemma":"ἀπήμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"without harm"}]},{"number":416,"label":"416","id":"b1-l416","source":"ἧσθαι, ἐπεί νύ τοι αἶσα μίνυνθά περ οὔ τι μάλα δήν·","translation":"since your fate is brief indeed, not long at all;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l416.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἧσθαι","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ὄφελες","gloss":"sit"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"νύ is an enclitic emphasizing particle with no separate English word."},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies αἶσα","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"αἶσα","lemma":"αἶσα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"fate"},{"surface":"μίνυνθά","lemma":"μίνυνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"brief"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"μάλα is a second intensifier (\"very\") stacked with δήν and περ; its force is absorbed into \"not long at all.\""},{"surface":"δήν","lemma":"δήν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"long"}]},{"number":417,"label":"417","id":"b1-l417","source":"νῦν δʼ ἅμα τʼ ὠκύμορος καὶ ὀϊζυρὸς περὶ πάντων","translation":"but now you are at once short-fated and, beyond all others, most sorrowful —","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l417.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὠκύμορος","title":"\"Short-fated\"","body":"ὠκύμορος, a compound of ὠκύς \"swift\" and μόρος \"fate, doom,\" names Achilles' central condition in one word: his life is fated to be brief. It is not a passing complaint but the fact that shapes every choice he makes in the poem."}],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔπλεο","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"This τε has no separate English word; ἅμα already carries \"at once.\""},{"surface":"ὠκύμορος","lemma":"ὠκύμορος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"short-fated"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀϊζυρὸς","lemma":"ὀιζυρός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"most sorrowful"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beyond"},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"all others"}]},{"number":418,"label":"418","id":"b1-l418","source":"ἔπλεο· τώ σε κακῇ αἴσῃ τέκον ἐν μεγάροισι.","translation":"such you have become; for this I bore you to an evil fate in my halls.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l418.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔπλεο","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have become"},{"surface":"τώ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τέκον","gloss":"for this"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of τέκον","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"κακῇ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἴσῃ","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"αἴσῃ","lemma":"αἶσις","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to τέκον","gloss":"fate"},{"surface":"τέκον","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I bore"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισι","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"my halls"}]},{"number":419,"label":"419","id":"b1-l419","source":"τοῦτο δέ τοι ἐρέουσα ἔπος Διὶ τερπικεραύνῳ","translation":"But to carry this word to Zeus who delights in thunder,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l419.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦτο","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπος","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"τοι is an ethic-dative particle (\"for you\") with no separate word in the English."},{"surface":"ἐρέουσα","lemma":"ἐρῶ","morphology":"future active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to εἶμ̓","gloss":"to speak"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐρέουσα","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"Διὶ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐρέουσα","gloss":"to Zeus"},{"surface":"τερπικεραύνῳ","lemma":"τερπικέραυνος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὶ","gloss":"who delights in thunder"}]},{"number":420,"label":"420","id":"b1-l420","source":"εἶμʼ αὐτὴ πρὸς Ὄλυμπον ἀγάννιφον αἴ κε πίθηται.","translation":"I myself will go to snowy Olympus, in case he may be persuaded.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l420.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἶμ","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will go"},{"surface":"αὐτὴ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ὄλυμπον","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"Olympus"},{"surface":"ἀγάννιφον","lemma":"ἀγάννιφος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὄλυμπον","gloss":"snowy"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"in case"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"κε marks the potential mood; its force is already carried by \"may be persuaded.\""},{"surface":"πίθηται","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"may be persuaded"}]},{"number":421,"label":"421","id":"b1-l421","source":"ἀλλὰ σὺ μὲν νῦν νηυσὶ παρήμενος ὠκυπόροισι","translation":"But you, for now, sit beside your swift-faring ships,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l421.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"This μέν has no answering δέ nearby; Homer sometimes uses μέν alone for simple emphasis rather than a formal contrast."},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"for now"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of παρήμενος","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"παρήμενος","lemma":"πάρημαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μήνἰ","gloss":"sit beside"},{"surface":"ὠκυπόροισι","lemma":"ὠκύπορος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶ","gloss":"swift-faring"}]},{"number":422,"label":"422","id":"b1-l422","source":"μήνιʼ Ἀχαιοῖσιν, πολέμου δʼ ἀποπαύεο πάμπαν·","translation":"nurse your wrath against the Achaeans, and hold back from war entirely;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l422.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μήνιʼ","title":"μῆνις returns as a verb","body":"μήνιε (elided μήνι') is the present imperative of μηνίω, \"to hold a towering wrath,\" the verb built directly on μῆνις, the poem's opening word. Thetis does not merely tell Achilles to be angry — she commands him, in the same root, to keep holding the very wrath the poem set out to sing."}],"words":[{"surface":"μήνι","lemma":"μηνίω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"nurse your wrath"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοῖσιν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of μήνἰ","gloss":"against the Achaeans"},{"surface":"πολέμου","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀποπαύεο","gloss":"from war"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀποπαύεο","lemma":"ἀποπαύω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hold back"},{"surface":"πάμπαν","lemma":"πάμπαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀποπαύεο","gloss":"entirely"}]},{"number":423,"label":"423","id":"b1-l423","source":"Ζεὺς γὰρ ἐς Ὠκεανὸν μετʼ ἀμύμονας Αἰθιοπῆας","translation":"for Zeus has gone to Oceanus, to the blameless Ethiopians,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l423.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔβη","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ὠκεανὸν","lemma":"Ὠκεανός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Oceanus"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἀμύμονας","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἰθιοπῆας","gloss":"blameless"},{"surface":"Αἰθιοπῆας","lemma":"Αἰθίοψ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μετ̓","gloss":"the Ethiopians"}]},{"number":424,"label":"424","id":"b1-l424","source":"χθιζὸς ἔβη κατὰ δαῖτα, θεοὶ δʼ ἅμα πάντες ἕποντο·","translation":"went yesterday to a feast, and all the gods together followed him;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l424.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χθιζὸς","lemma":"χθιζός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yesterday"},{"surface":"ἔβη","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"δαῖτα","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"a feast"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕποντο","gloss":"the gods"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕποντο","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἕποντο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"}]},{"number":425,"label":"425","id":"b1-l425","source":"δωδεκάτῃ δέ τοι αὖτις ἐλεύσεται Οὔλυμπον δέ,","translation":"and on the twelfth day he will come back again to Olympus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l425.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δωδεκάτῃ","lemma":"δωδέκατος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐλεύσεται","gloss":"on the twelfth day"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"τοι is an ethic-dative particle (\"for you\") with no separate word here."},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐλεύσεται","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἐλεύσεται","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will come"},{"surface":"Οὔλυμπον","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐλεύσεται","gloss":"Olympus"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"to","note":"This δέ is not the conjunction but the old directional suffix (as in Ἰλιόν-δε, \"to Ilium\"): Οὔλυμπον δέ here means \"to Olympus.\""}]},{"number":426,"label":"426","id":"b1-l426","source":"καὶ τότʼ ἔπειτά τοι εἶμι Διὸς ποτὶ χαλκοβατὲς δῶ,","translation":"and then I will go to the bronze-floored house of Zeus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l426.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τότ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἶμι","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔπειτά","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἶμι","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"ἔπειτά doubles τότ' (\"then\"), a common Homeric pleonasm; the English renders the pair with a single \"then.\""},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"τοι is an ethic-dative particle with no separate word here."},{"surface":"εἶμι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will go"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δῶ","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"ποτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"χαλκοβατὲς","lemma":"χαλκοβατής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶ","gloss":"bronze-floored"},{"surface":"δῶ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ποτὶ","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":427,"label":"427","id":"b1-l427","source":"καί μιν γουνάσομαι καί μιν πείσεσθαι ὀΐω.","translation":"and clasp his knees, and I think I shall persuade him.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l427.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of γουνάσομαι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"γουνάσομαι","lemma":"γουνάζομαι","morphology":"future medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"clasp"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πείσεσθαι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"πείσεσθαι","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ὀΐω","gloss":"will yield","note":"Future middle of πείθω is deponent, 'yield/obey,' not active 'persuade'; μιν πείσεσθαι literally means 'that he will yield [to me].' The published line recasts this as active 'I shall persuade him.'"},{"surface":"ὀΐω","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I think"}]},{"number":428,"label":"428","id":"b1-l428","source":"ὣς ἄρα φωνήσασʼ ἀπεβήσετο, τὸν δὲ λίπʼ αὐτοῦ","translation":"So speaking, she went away, and left him there,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l428.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φωνήσασ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"φωνήσασ","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἀπεβήσετο","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ἀπεβήσετο","lemma":"ἀποβαίνω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went away"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of λίπ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λίπ","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of λίπ̓","gloss":"there"}]},{"number":429,"label":"429","id":"b1-l429","source":"χωόμενον κατὰ θυμὸν ἐϋζώνοιο γυναικὸς","translation":"enraged at heart for the fair-girdled woman's sake,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l429.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χωόμενον","lemma":"χώομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"enraged"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐϋζώνοιο","lemma":"εὔζωνος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γυναικὸς","gloss":"fair-girdled"},{"surface":"γυναικὸς","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of χωόμενον","gloss":"woman's"}]},{"number":430,"label":"430","id":"b1-l430","source":"τήν ῥα βίῃ ἀέκοντος ἀπηύρων· αὐτὰρ Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"whom they had taken from him by force, against his will; but Odysseus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l430.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τήν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπηύρων","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"βίῃ","lemma":"βία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπηύρων","gloss":"by force"},{"surface":"ἀέκοντος","lemma":"ἀέκων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"against his will"},{"surface":"ἀπηύρων","lemma":"ἀπαυράω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing γυναικὸς","gloss":"had taken"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἵκανεν","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":431,"label":"431","id":"b1-l431","source":"ἐς Χρύσην ἵκανεν ἄγων ἱερὴν ἑκατόμβην.","translation":"he came to Chryse, leading the holy hecatomb.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l431.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Χρύσην","lemma":"Χρύση","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Chryse"},{"surface":"ἵκανεν","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ἄγων","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἵκανεν","gloss":"leading"},{"surface":"ἱερὴν","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἑκατόμβην","gloss":"holy"},{"surface":"ἑκατόμβην","lemma":"ἑκατόμβη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἄγων","gloss":"hecatomb"}]},{"number":432,"label":"432","id":"b1-l432","source":"οἳ δʼ ὅτε δὴ λιμένος πολυβενθέος ἐντὸς ἵκοντο","translation":"And when they had come within the deep harbor,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l432.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"δή is an intensifying particle (\"indeed\") with no separate word in \"when they had come.\""},{"surface":"λιμένος","lemma":"λιμήν","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐντὸς","gloss":"harbor"},{"surface":"πολυβενθέος","lemma":"πολυβενθής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λιμένος","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"ἐντὸς","lemma":"ἐντός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"ἵκοντο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"had come"}]},{"number":433,"label":"433","id":"b1-l433","source":"ἱστία μὲν στείλαντο, θέσαν δʼ ἐν νηῒ μελαίνῃ,","translation":"they furled the sail, and stowed it in the black ship,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l433.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἱστία","lemma":"ἱστίον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of στείλαντο","gloss":"the sail"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand","note":"This μέν is answered immediately by θέσαν δ' in the same line: they furled the sail, and then stowed it."},{"surface":"στείλαντο","lemma":"στέλλω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"furled"},{"surface":"θέσαν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stowed"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"νηῒ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"μελαίνῃ","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῒ","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":434,"label":"434","id":"b1-l434","source":"ἱστὸν δʼ ἱστοδόκῃ πέλασαν προτόνοισιν ὑφέντες","translation":"and lowering the forestays, they brought the mast down to its socket","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l434.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἱστὸν","lemma":"ἱστός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πέλασαν","gloss":"the mast"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱστοδόκῃ","lemma":"ἱστοδόκη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πέλασαν","gloss":"to its socket"},{"surface":"πέλασαν","lemma":"πελάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brought ... down"},{"surface":"προτόνοισιν","lemma":"πρότονοι","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑφέντες","gloss":"the forestays"},{"surface":"ὑφέντες","lemma":"ὑφίημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to πέλασαν","gloss":"lowering"}]},{"number":435,"label":"435","id":"b1-l435","source":"καρπαλίμως, τὴν δʼ εἰς ὅρμον προέρεσσαν ἐρετμοῖς.","translation":"swiftly, and rowed her forward into the anchorage with oars.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l435.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καρπαλίμως","lemma":"καρπάλιμος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πέλασαν","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προέρεσσαν","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"ὅρμον","lemma":"ὅρμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"the anchorage"},{"surface":"προέρεσσαν","lemma":"προερέσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rowed ... forward"},{"surface":"ἐρετμοῖς","lemma":"ἐρετμόν","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to προέρεσσαν","gloss":"with oars"}]},{"number":436,"label":"436","id":"b1-l436","source":"ἐκ δʼ εὐνὰς ἔβαλον, κατὰ δὲ πρυμνήσιʼ ἔδησαν·","translation":"They threw out the mooring stones, and made fast the stern-cables;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l436.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"ἐκ is split off from ἔβαλον in tmesis: ἐκβάλλω, \"to throw out,\" is felt as one compound verb."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"This δ' sits inside the tmesis construction and is not separately rendered; the sentence's one explicit \"and\" comes from κατὰ δὲ below."},{"surface":"εὐνὰς","lemma":"εὐνή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔβαλον","gloss":"the mooring stones"},{"surface":"ἔβαλον","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"threw out"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"κατὰ is split off from ἔδησαν in tmesis: καταδέω, \"to make fast, bind down,\" is felt as one compound verb."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πρυμνήσι","lemma":"πρυμνήσιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔδησαν","gloss":"the stern-cables"},{"surface":"ἔδησαν","lemma":"δέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made fast"}]},{"number":437,"label":"437","id":"b1-l437","source":"ἐκ δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ βαῖνον ἐπὶ ῥηγμῖνι θαλάσσης,","translation":"and they themselves stepped out upon the breaking surf of the sea,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l437.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"ἐκ is split off from βαῖνον in tmesis: ἐκβαίνω, \"to step out,\" is felt as one compound verb."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"This καὶ (\"even/also\") is absorbed into the emphasis already carried by αὐτοὶ, \"themselves.\""},{"surface":"αὐτοὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"they themselves"},{"surface":"βαῖνον","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stepped out"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ῥηγμῖνι","lemma":"ῥηγμίν","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"the breaking surf"},{"surface":"θαλάσσης","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ῥηγμῖνι","gloss":"of the sea"}]},{"number":438,"label":"438","id":"b1-l438","source":"ἐκ δʼ ἑκατόμβην βῆσαν ἑκηβόλῳ Ἀπόλλωνι·","translation":"and led out the hecatomb for far-shooting Apollo;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l438.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"ἐκ is split off from βῆσαν in tmesis: ἐκβαίνω here causative, \"to lead out,\" is felt as one compound verb."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑκατόμβην","lemma":"ἑκατόμβη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of βῆσαν","gloss":"the hecatomb"},{"surface":"βῆσαν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led out"},{"surface":"ἑκηβόλῳ","lemma":"ἑκηβόλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλωνι","gloss":"far-shooting"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλωνι","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to βῆσαν","gloss":"for Apollo"}]},{"number":439,"label":"439","id":"b1-l439","source":"ἐκ δὲ Χρυσηῒς νηὸς βῆ ποντοπόροιο.","translation":"and Chryseis stepped out from the sea-crossing ship.","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l439.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Χρυσηῒς","lemma":"Χρυσηίς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of βῆ","gloss":"Chryseis"},{"surface":"νηὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"the ship"},{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stepped out"},{"surface":"ποντοπόροιο","lemma":"ποντόπορος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηὸς","gloss":"sea-crossing"}]},{"number":440,"label":"440","id":"b1-l440","source":"τὴν μὲν ἔπειτʼ ἐπὶ βωμὸν ἄγων πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"Then Odysseus of many wiles, leading her to the altar,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l440.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πολύμητις","title":"\"Of many wiles\" — Odysseus' epithet","body":"πολύμητις, \"of many wiles / much resourcefulness,\" is one of Odysseus' standing epithets, already fixed in our Odyssey drafts as \"Odysseus of many wiles.\" This is his first appearance under it in the Iliad, and we hold the same English wording across both poems."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of τίθει","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand","note":"This μέν has no nearby answering δέ; it marks the narrative's shift back to Odysseus as \"then\" continues the scene."},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"βωμὸν","lemma":"βωμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"the altar"},{"surface":"ἄγων","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τίθει","gloss":"leading"},{"surface":"πολύμητις","lemma":"πολύμητις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεὺς","gloss":"of many wiles"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καί","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":441,"label":"441","id":"b1-l441","source":"πατρὶ φίλῳ ἐν χερσὶ τίθει καί μιν προσέειπεν·","translation":"placed her in her dear father's hands, and spoke to him:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l441.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πατρὶ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies χερσὶ","gloss":"father's"},{"surface":"φίλῳ","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατρὶ","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"τίθει","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"placed"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπεν","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"προσέειπεν","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":442,"label":"442","id":"b1-l442","source":"ὦ Χρύση, πρό μʼ ἔπεμψεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων","translation":"\"O Chryses, Agamemnon, lord of men, has sent me before him","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l442.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"Χρύση","lemma":"Χρύσης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Chryses"},{"surface":"πρό","lemma":"πρό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"before","note":"πρό is split off from ἔπεμψεν in tmesis: προπέμπω, \"to send ahead/before,\" is felt as one compound verb, and its sense is directly rendered here as \"before him.\""},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔπεμψεν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἔπεμψεν","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has sent"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄναξ","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔπεμψεν","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":443,"label":"443","id":"b1-l443","source":"παῖδά τε σοὶ ἀγέμεν, Φοίβῳ θʼ ἱερὴν ἑκατόμβην","translation":"to bring you your daughter, and to offer to Phoebus a holy hecatomb","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l443.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παῖδά","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀγέμεν","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἀγέμεν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἀγέμεν","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to θ̓","gloss":"to bring"},{"surface":"Φοίβῳ","lemma":"Φοῖβος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ῥέξαι","gloss":"to Phoebus"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱερὴν","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἑκατόμβην","gloss":"holy"},{"surface":"ἑκατόμβην","lemma":"ἑκατόμβη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ῥέξαι","gloss":"hecatomb"}]},{"number":444,"label":"444","id":"b1-l444","source":"ῥέξαι ὑπὲρ Δαναῶν ὄφρʼ ἱλασόμεσθα ἄνακτα,","translation":"on behalf of the Danaans, that we may propitiate the lord,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l444.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥέξαι","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to θ̓","gloss":"to offer"},{"surface":"ὑπὲρ","lemma":"ὑπέρ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on behalf of"},{"surface":"Δαναῶν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὲρ","gloss":"the Danaans"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ἱλασόμεσθα","lemma":"ἱλάσκομαι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφῤ","gloss":"may propitiate"},{"surface":"ἄνακτα","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἱλασόμεσθα","gloss":"the lord"}]},{"number":445,"label":"445","id":"b1-l445","source":"ὃς νῦν Ἀργείοισι πολύστονα κήδεʼ ἐφῆκεν.","translation":"who has now sent grievous sorrows upon the Argives.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l445.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐφῆκεν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐφῆκεν","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Ἀργείοισι","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐφῆκεν","gloss":"upon the Argives"},{"surface":"πολύστονα","lemma":"πολύστονος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κήδἐ","gloss":"grievous"},{"surface":"κήδε","lemma":"κῆδος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐφῆκεν","gloss":"sorrows"},{"surface":"ἐφῆκεν","lemma":"ἐφίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἄνακτα","gloss":"has sent"}]},{"number":446,"label":"446","id":"b1-l446","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν ἐν χερσὶ τίθει, ὃ δὲ δέξατο χαίρων","translation":"So speaking, he placed her in his hands, and he received her, rejoicing,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l446.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τίθει","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"his hands"},{"surface":"τίθει","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"placed"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δέξατο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δέξατο","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"received"},{"surface":"χαίρων","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δέξατο","gloss":"rejoicing"}]},{"number":447,"label":"447","id":"b1-l447","source":"παῖδα φίλην· τοὶ δʼ ὦκα θεῷ ἱερὴν ἑκατόμβην","translation":"his dear daughter; and they swiftly set the holy hecatomb for the god","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l447.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παῖδα","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δέξατο","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"φίλην","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies παῖδα","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὦκα","lemma":"ὦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔστησαν","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"θεῷ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔστησαν","gloss":"for the god"},{"surface":"ἱερὴν","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἑκατόμβην","gloss":"holy"},{"surface":"ἑκατόμβην","lemma":"ἑκατόμβη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔστησαν","gloss":"hecatomb"}]},{"number":448,"label":"448","id":"b1-l448","source":"ἑξείης ἔστησαν ἐΰδμητον περὶ βωμόν,","translation":"in order around the well-built altar,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l448.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑξείης","lemma":"ἑξῆς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔστησαν","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"ἔστησαν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"ἐΰδμητον","lemma":"εὔδμητος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies βωμόν","gloss":"well-built"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"βωμόν","lemma":"βωμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"altar"}]},{"number":449,"label":"449","id":"b1-l449","source":"χερνίψαντο δʼ ἔπειτα καὶ οὐλοχύτας ἀνέλοντο.","translation":"and then washed their hands and took up the barley grains.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l449.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χερνίψαντο","lemma":"χερνίπτομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"washed their hands"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐλοχύτας","lemma":"οὐλοχύται","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀνέλοντο","gloss":"the barley grains"},{"surface":"ἀνέλοντο","lemma":"ἀναιρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took up"}]},{"number":450,"label":"450","id":"b1-l450","source":"τοῖσιν δὲ Χρύσης μεγάλʼ εὔχετο χεῖρας ἀνασχών·","translation":"Then Chryses, lifting up his hands, prayed aloud for them:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l450.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to εὔχετο","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Χρύσης","lemma":"Χρύσης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εὔχετο","gloss":"Chryses"},{"surface":"μεγάλ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to εὔχετο","gloss":"aloud"},{"surface":"εὔχετο","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"prayed"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀνασχών","gloss":"his hands"},{"surface":"ἀνασχών","lemma":"ἀνέχω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εὔχετο","gloss":"lifting up","note":"χεῖρας ἀνασχών, 'raising hands,' is the standard Homeric gesture of prayer — the priest's posture is the same one used throughout the epic by suppliants addressing a god."}]},{"number":451,"label":"451","id":"b1-l451","source":"κλῦθί μευ ἀργυρότοξʼ, ὃς Χρύσην ἀμφιβέβηκας","translation":"\"Hear me, god of the silver bow, who stand guard over Chryse","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l451.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κλῦθί μευ ἀργυρότοξʼ, ὃς Χρύσην ἀμφιβέβηκας","title":"The prayer repeated verbatim","body":"Lines 451-452 repeat lines 37-38 word for word — the same invocation of Apollo as guardian of Chryse, Cilla, and Tenedos. Homer's oral style reuses whole formulaic units; our English mirrors the repetition exactly, using the same wording as the earlier prayer."}],"words":[{"surface":"κλῦθί","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hear"},{"surface":"μευ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κλῦθί","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἀργυρότοξ","lemma":"ἀργυρότοξος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"god of the silver bow","note":"ἀργυρότοξε is a bare vocative adjective with no noun stated; it stands in for an unspoken 'god' — the epithet alone identifies Apollo."},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"Χρύσην","lemma":"Χρύση","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Chryse"},{"surface":"ἀμφιβέβηκας","lemma":"ἀμφιβαίνω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τε","gloss":"stand guard over"}]},{"number":452,"label":"452","id":"b1-l452","source":"Κίλλαν τε ζαθέην Τενέδοιό τε ἶφι ἀνάσσεις·","translation":"and holy Cilla, and rule Tenedos with your might,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l452.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Κίλλαν","lemma":"Κίλλα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Cilla"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ζαθέην","lemma":"ζάθεος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Κίλλαν","gloss":"holy"},{"surface":"Τενέδοιό","lemma":"Τένεδος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀνάσσεις","gloss":"Tenedos"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἶφι","lemma":"ἶφι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνάσσεις","gloss":"with might"},{"surface":"ἀνάσσεις","lemma":"ἀνάσσω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τε","gloss":"rule"}]},{"number":453,"label":"453","id":"b1-l453","source":"ἦ μὲν δή ποτʼ ἐμεῦ πάρος ἔκλυες εὐξαμένοιο,","translation":"truly before now you heard me when I prayed;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l453.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly","note":"ἦ μὲν δή stacks three asseverative particles for maximum emphasis; the translation's single 'truly' covers all three together."},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἔκλυες","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"ἐμεῦ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔκλυες","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔκλυες","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ἔκλυες","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you heard"},{"surface":"εὐξαμένοιο","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"when I prayed"}]},{"number":454,"label":"454","id":"b1-l454","source":"τίμησας μὲν ἐμέ, μέγα δʼ ἴψαο λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν·","translation":"you honored me, and struck hard the host of the Achaeans;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l454.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τίμησας","lemma":"τιμάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"honored"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"ἐμέ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τίμησας","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἴψαο","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴψαο","lemma":"ἴπτομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"λαὸν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἴψαο","gloss":"host"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies λαὸν","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":455,"label":"455","id":"b1-l455","source":"ἠδʼ ἔτι καὶ νῦν μοι τόδʼ ἐπικρήηνον ἐέλδωρ·","translation":"and now too grant me this desire once more:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l455.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπικρήηνον","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπικρήηνον","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπικρήηνον","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"τόδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἐέλδωρ","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἐπικρήηνον","lemma":"ἐπικραίνω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grant"},{"surface":"ἐέλδωρ","lemma":"ἔλδωρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπικρήηνον","gloss":"desire"}]},{"number":456,"label":"456","id":"b1-l456","source":"ἤδη νῦν Δαναοῖσιν ἀεικέα λοιγὸν ἄμυνον.","translation":"ward off at last from the Danaans this shameful ruin.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l456.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄμυνον","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄμυνον","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Δαναοῖσιν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἄμυνον","gloss":"the Danaans"},{"surface":"ἀεικέα","lemma":"ἀεικής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λοιγὸν","gloss":"shameful"},{"surface":"λοιγὸν","lemma":"λοιγός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄμυνον","gloss":"ruin"},{"surface":"ἄμυνον","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ward off"}]},{"number":457,"label":"457","id":"b1-l457","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ εὐχόμενος, τοῦ δʼ ἔκλυε Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων.","translation":"So he spoke in prayer, and Phoebus Apollo heard him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l457.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"εὐχόμενος","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"in prayer"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔκλυε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔκλυε","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"Φοῖβος","lemma":"Φοῖβος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"Phoebus"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔκλυε","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":458,"label":"458","id":"b1-l458","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεί ῥʼ εὔξαντο καὶ οὐλοχύτας προβάλοντο,","translation":"And when they had prayed, and cast forward the barley grains,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l458.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"εὔξαντο","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"had prayed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐλοχύτας","lemma":"οὐλοχύται","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of προβάλοντο","gloss":"barley grains"},{"surface":"προβάλοντο","lemma":"προβάλλω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"cast forward"}]},{"number":459,"label":"459","id":"b1-l459","source":"αὐέρυσαν μὲν πρῶτα καὶ ἔσφαξαν καὶ ἔδειραν,","translation":"first they drew back the victims' heads, and cut their throats, and flayed them,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l459.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐέρυσαν","lemma":"αὐερύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew back","note":"αὐερύω names the specific ritual step of pulling the victim's head back to bare the throat, one stage in Homer's fixed sequence for animal sacrifice."},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"πρῶτα","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔσφαξαν","lemma":"σφάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cut their throats"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔδειραν","lemma":"δέρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flayed them"}]},{"number":460,"label":"460","id":"b1-l460","source":"μηρούς τʼ ἐξέταμον κατά τε κνίσῃ ἐκάλυψαν","translation":"and cut out the thigh-pieces and covered them with fat,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l460.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μηρούς","lemma":"μηρός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"thigh-pieces"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξέταμον","lemma":"ἐκτέμνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cut out"},{"surface":"κατά","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"over","note":"Tmesis: κατά separates from ἐκάλυψαν (κατακαλύπτω, 'cover completely'), the preverb intensifying the covering of the thigh-pieces with fat."},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κνίσῃ","lemma":"κνῖσα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκάλυψαν","gloss":"with fat"},{"surface":"ἐκάλυψαν","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"covered"}]},{"number":461,"label":"461","id":"b1-l461","source":"δίπτυχα ποιήσαντες, ἐπʼ αὐτῶν δʼ ὠμοθέτησαν·","translation":"making a double fold, and laid raw flesh upon them;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l461.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δίπτυχα","lemma":"δίπτυχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ποιήσαντες","gloss":"in a double fold"},{"surface":"ποιήσαντες","lemma":"ποιέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐκάλυψαν","gloss":"making"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"αὐτῶν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὠμοθέτησαν","lemma":"ὠμοθετέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"laid raw flesh"}]},{"number":462,"label":"462","id":"b1-l462","source":"καῖε δʼ ἐπὶ σχίζῃς ὁ γέρων, ἐπὶ δʼ αἴθοπα οἶνον","translation":"and the old man burned them on the split wood, and poured over them gleaming wine;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l462.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καῖε","lemma":"καίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"burned"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"σχίζῃς","lemma":"σχίζα","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"split wood"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies γέρων","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"over","note":"Tmesis spanning the line break: ἐπὶ ... λεῖβε (l463) together form ἐπιλείβω, 'pour out over' — the preverb is separated from its verb by the line-end."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἴθοπα","lemma":"αἶθοψ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἶνον","gloss":"gleaming"},{"surface":"οἶνον","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λεῖβε","gloss":"wine"}]},{"number":463,"label":"463","id":"b1-l463","source":"λεῖβε· νέοι δὲ παρʼ αὐτὸν ἔχον πεμπώβολα χερσίν.","translation":"and the young men beside him held five-pronged forks in their hands.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l463.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λεῖβε","lemma":"λείβω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured"},{"surface":"νέοι","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἔχον","gloss":"young men"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to παῤ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἔχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"πεμπώβολα","lemma":"πεμπώβολον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχον","gloss":"five-pronged forks"},{"surface":"χερσίν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχον","gloss":"in their hands"}]},{"number":464,"label":"464","id":"b1-l464","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ κατὰ μῆρε κάη καὶ σπλάγχνα πάσαντο,","translation":"But when the thigh-pieces were burned, and they had tasted the inner parts,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l464.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down","note":"Tmesis: κατά separates from κάη (κατακαίω, 'burn down/completely'), marking that the thigh-pieces were burned all the way through."},{"surface":"μῆρε","lemma":"μῆρα","morphology":"nominative dual neuter noun","role":"subject of κάη","gloss":"thigh-pieces"},{"surface":"κάη","lemma":"καίω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"were burned"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σπλάγχνα","lemma":"σπλάγχνον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πάσαντο","gloss":"inner parts"},{"surface":"πάσαντο","lemma":"πατέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"tasted","note":"Tasting the σπλάγχνα (inner organs) right after they were roasted was itself a fixed ritual step, distinct from the shared feast that follows once the rest of the meat is cooked."}]},{"number":465,"label":"465","id":"b1-l465","source":"μίστυλλόν τʼ ἄρα τἆλλα καὶ ἀμφʼ ὀβελοῖσιν ἔπειραν,","translation":"they cut up the rest and pierced it on spits,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l465.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μίστυλλόν","lemma":"μιστύλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cut up"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τἆλλα","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μίστυλλόν","gloss":"the rest"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ὀβελοῖσιν","lemma":"ὀβελός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφ̓","gloss":"spits"},{"surface":"ἔπειραν","lemma":"πείρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pierced"}]},{"number":466,"label":"466","id":"b1-l466","source":"ὤπτησάν τε περιφραδέως, ἐρύσαντό τε πάντα.","translation":"and roasted it with care, and drew all of it off.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l466.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤπτησάν","lemma":"ὀπτάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"roasted"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"περιφραδέως","lemma":"περιφραδής","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὤπτησάν","gloss":"with care"},{"surface":"ἐρύσαντό","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew off"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐρύσαντό","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":467,"label":"467","id":"b1-l467","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ παύσαντο πόνου τετύκοντό τε δαῖτα","translation":"And when they had ceased from their labor and made ready the feast,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l467.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"παύσαντο","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"had ceased"},{"surface":"πόνου","lemma":"πόνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of παύσαντο","gloss":"from their labor"},{"surface":"τετύκοντό","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"made ready"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δαῖτα","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τετύκοντό","gloss":"the feast","note":"The δαίς ἐΐση, the 'equal feast' shared out without regard to rank, is a recurring Homeric value — one Agamemnon's seizure of Achilles' prize, earlier in the book, has just violated."}]},{"number":468,"label":"468","id":"b1-l468","source":"δαίνυντʼ, οὐδέ τι θυμὸς ἐδεύετο δαιτὸς ἐΐσης.","translation":"they feasted, and no heart lacked its share of the fair-shared feast.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l468.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δαίνυντ","lemma":"δαίνυμι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"feasted"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐδεύετο","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐδεύετο","gloss":"hearts"},{"surface":"ἐδεύετο","lemma":"δέω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lacked"},{"surface":"δαιτὸς","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐδεύετο","gloss":"of the banquet"},{"surface":"ἐΐσης","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies δαιτὸς","gloss":"equal"}]},{"number":469,"label":"469","id":"b1-l469","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ πόσιος καὶ ἐδητύος ἐξ ἔρον ἕντο,","translation":"But when they had put from them the desire for drink and food,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l469.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"πόσιος","lemma":"πόσις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"drink"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐδητύος","lemma":"ἐδητύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"food"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"away","note":"Tmesis: ἐκ separates from ἕντο (ἐξίημι, 'let go/put away'), describing the desire for food and drink being set aside once satisfied."},{"surface":"ἔρον","lemma":"ἔρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕντο","gloss":"desire"},{"surface":"ἕντο","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"put away"}]},{"number":470,"label":"470","id":"b1-l470","source":"κοῦροι μὲν κρητῆρας ἐπεστέψαντο ποτοῖο,","translation":"the young men crowned the mixing bowls with drink,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l470.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κοῦροι","lemma":"κόρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"young men"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand","note":"This μέν does not find its answering δέ until οἳ δέ two lines later (l472, 'and all day long they...'): the young men crowning the bowls are set against the whole company's day-long singing."},{"surface":"κρητῆρας","lemma":"κρατήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπεστέψαντο","gloss":"mixing bowls"},{"surface":"ἐπεστέψαντο","lemma":"ἐπιστέφω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"crowned"},{"surface":"ποτοῖο","lemma":"ποτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπεστέψαντο","gloss":"with drink"}]},{"number":471,"label":"471","id":"b1-l471","source":"νώμησαν δʼ ἄρα πᾶσιν ἐπαρξάμενοι δεπάεσσιν·","translation":"and, having poured the first drops, served it out to all in cups;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l471.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νώμησαν","lemma":"νωμάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"served out"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πᾶσιν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of νώμησαν","gloss":"to all"},{"surface":"ἐπαρξάμενοι","lemma":"ἐπάρχω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to νώμησαν","gloss":"having poured the first drops"},{"surface":"δεπάεσσιν","lemma":"δέπας","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπαρξάμενοι","gloss":"in cups"}]},{"number":472,"label":"472","id":"b1-l472","source":"οἳ δὲ πανημέριοι μολπῇ θεὸν ἱλάσκοντο","translation":"and all day long they propitiated the god with song,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l472.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πανημέριοι","lemma":"πανημέριος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"all day long"},{"surface":"μολπῇ","lemma":"μολπή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἱλάσκοντο","gloss":"with song"},{"surface":"θεὸν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἱλάσκοντο","gloss":"the god"},{"surface":"ἱλάσκοντο","lemma":"ἱλάσκομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"propitiated"}]},{"number":473,"label":"473","id":"b1-l473","source":"καλὸν ἀείδοντες παιήονα κοῦροι Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"the young men of the Achaeans singing a beautiful paean,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l473.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καλὸν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies παιήονα","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"ἀείδοντες","lemma":"ἀείδω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἱλάσκοντο","gloss":"singing"},{"surface":"παιήονα","lemma":"παιάν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀείδοντες","gloss":"paean","note":"παιήονα names the paean, a hymn sung to Apollo to avert or give thanks for divine anger — fitting here just after the plague he sent has been lifted."},{"surface":"κοῦροι","lemma":"κόρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"young men"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κοῦροι","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":474,"label":"474","id":"b1-l474","source":"μέλποντες ἑκάεργον· ὃ δὲ φρένα τέρπετʼ ἀκούων.","translation":"chanting to the far-worker; and his heart was glad as he listened.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l474.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μέλποντες","lemma":"μέλπω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἱλάσκοντο","gloss":"chanting"},{"surface":"ἑκάεργον","lemma":"Ἑκάεργος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of μέλποντες","gloss":"to the far-worker"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τέρπετ̓","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φρένα","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τέρπετ̓","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"τέρπετ","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was glad"},{"surface":"ἀκούων","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τέρπετ̓","gloss":"as he listened"}]},{"number":475,"label":"475","id":"b1-l475","source":"ἦμος δʼ ἠέλιος κατέδυ καὶ ἐπὶ κνέφας ἦλθε,","translation":"And when the sun went down and the darkness came on,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l475.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦμος","lemma":"ἦμος","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠέλιος","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κατέδυ","gloss":"the sun"},{"surface":"κατέδυ","lemma":"καταδύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"went down"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"on","note":"Tmesis: ἐπί separates from ἦλθε (ἐπέρχομαι, 'come on/come upon'), describing darkness coming on after sunset."},{"surface":"κνέφας","lemma":"κνέφας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἦλθε","gloss":"darkness"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"came"}]},{"number":476,"label":"476","id":"b1-l476","source":"δὴ τότε κοιμήσαντο παρὰ πρυμνήσια νηός·","translation":"then they lay down to sleep beside the stern-cables of the ship;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l476.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κοιμήσαντο","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κοιμήσαντο","lemma":"κοιμάω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay down to sleep"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"πρυμνήσια","lemma":"πρυμνήσιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"stern-cables"},{"surface":"νηός","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies πρυμνήσια","gloss":"of the ship"}]},{"number":477,"label":"477","id":"b1-l477","source":"ἦμος δʼ ἠριγένεια φάνη ῥοδοδάκτυλος Ἠώς,","translation":"When early-born Dawn appeared, rosy-fingered,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l477.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἠριγένεια... ῥοδοδάκτυλος Ἠώς","title":"The dawn formula, locked","body":"\"When early-born Dawn appeared, rosy-fingered\" is Homer's whole-line formula marking daybreak; it recurs verbatim throughout both poems. We hold it to the same wording and word order established in our Odyssey drafts, so the formula reads identically across both works."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἦμος","lemma":"ἦμος","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἠριγένεια","lemma":"ἠριγένεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἠώς","gloss":"early-born"},{"surface":"φάνη","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἦμος","gloss":"appeared"},{"surface":"ῥοδοδάκτυλος","lemma":"ῥοδοδάκτυλος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἠώς","gloss":"rosy-fingered","note":"'Rosy-fingered Dawn' (ῥοδοδάκτυλος Ἠώς) is one of Homer's fixed formulaic line-openings, recurring throughout the poem whenever a new day begins."},{"surface":"Ἠώς","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of φάνη","gloss":"Dawn"}]},{"number":478,"label":"478","id":"b1-l478","source":"καὶ τότʼ ἔπειτʼ ἀνάγοντο μετὰ στρατὸν εὐρὺν Ἀχαιῶν·","translation":"then at last they put out to sea, toward the wide camp of the Achaeans;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l478.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"τότ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνάγοντο","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"ἀνάγοντο","lemma":"ἀνάγω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put out to sea"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"στρατὸν","lemma":"στρατός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"camp"},{"surface":"εὐρὺν","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies στρατὸν","gloss":"wide"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies εὐρὺν","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":479,"label":"479","id":"b1-l479","source":"τοῖσιν δʼ ἴκμενον οὖρον ἵει ἑκάεργος Ἀπόλλων·","translation":"and the far-worker Apollo sent them a favoring wind;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l479.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἴκμενον οὖρον","title":"The favoring-wind formula","body":"ἴκμενον οὖρον, \"a favoring wind,\" is a standing nautical formula marking a god's aid to sailors — the same phrase recurs at departures throughout the Odyssey. Its arrival right after the paean shows Apollo answering the hecatomb with fair weather for the voyage home."}],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἵει","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴκμενον","lemma":"ἴκμενος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οὖρον","gloss":"favoring"},{"surface":"οὖρον","lemma":"οὖρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἵει","gloss":"wind"},{"surface":"ἵει","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent"},{"surface":"ἑκάεργος","lemma":"ʽἑκάεργος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"far-worker"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"̓ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἵει","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":480,"label":"480","id":"b1-l480","source":"οἳ δʼ ἱστὸν στήσαντʼ ἀνά θʼ ἱστία λευκὰ πέτασσαν,","translation":"they raised the mast and spread the white sail,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l480.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of θ̓","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἱστὸν","lemma":"ἱστός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of στήσαντ̓","gloss":"the mast"},{"surface":"στήσαντ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"raised"},{"surface":"ἀνά","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"up","note":"Tmesis: ἀνά separates from στήσαντ' (ἀνίστημι, 'raise up'), giving the sense of raising the mast upright."},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱστία","lemma":"ἱστίον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πέτασσαν","gloss":"the sail"},{"surface":"λευκὰ","lemma":"λευκός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἱστία","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"πέτασσαν","lemma":"πετάννυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spread"}]},{"number":481,"label":"481","id":"b1-l481","source":"ἐν δʼ ἄνεμος πρῆσεν μέσον ἱστίον, ἀμφὶ δὲ κῦμα","translation":"and the wind filled the belly of the sail, and around the stem the dark wave","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l481.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"into","note":"Tmesis: ἐν separates from πρῆσεν (ἐμπίμπρημι, 'fill by blowing into'), describing the wind bellying out the sail."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄνεμος","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πρῆσεν","gloss":"the wind"},{"surface":"πρῆσεν","lemma":"πρήθω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"filled"},{"surface":"μέσον","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἱστίον","gloss":"belly"},{"surface":"ἱστίον","lemma":"ἱστίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of πρῆσεν","gloss":"the sail"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κῦμα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἴαχε","gloss":"the wave"}]},{"number":482,"label":"482","id":"b1-l482","source":"στείρῃ πορφύρεον μεγάλʼ ἴαχε νηὸς ἰούσης·","translation":"roared loudly as the ship went on her way;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l482.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στείρῃ","lemma":"στεῖρα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"at the stem"},{"surface":"πορφύρεον","lemma":"πορφύρεος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῦμα","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"μεγάλ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἴαχε","gloss":"loudly"},{"surface":"ἴαχε","lemma":"ἰάχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"roared"},{"surface":"νηὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἰούσης","gloss":"the ship"},{"surface":"ἰούσης","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἴαχε","gloss":"went"}]},{"number":483,"label":"483","id":"b1-l483","source":"ἣ δʼ ἔθεεν κατὰ κῦμα διαπρήσσουσα κέλευθον.","translation":"and she ran on over the wave, completing her path.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l483.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔθεεν","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔθεεν","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ran on"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"κῦμα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"the wave"},{"surface":"διαπρήσσουσα","lemma":"διαπράσσω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἔθεεν","gloss":"completing"},{"surface":"κέλευθον","lemma":"κέλευθος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of διαπρήσσουσα","gloss":"her path"}]},{"number":484,"label":"484","id":"b1-l484","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεί ῥʼ ἵκοντο κατὰ στρατὸν εὐρὺν Ἀχαιῶν,","translation":"But when they had come to the wide camp of the Achaeans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l484.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἵκοντο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"had come"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"στρατὸν","lemma":"στρατός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"camp"},{"surface":"εὐρὺν","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies στρατὸν","gloss":"wide"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies στρατὸν","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":485,"label":"485","id":"b1-l485","source":"νῆα μὲν οἵ γε μέλαιναν ἐπʼ ἠπείροιο ἔρυσσαν","translation":"they drew the black ship up onto the mainland,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l485.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῆα","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔρυσσαν","gloss":"the ship"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand","note":"This μέν does not find its answering δέ until αὐτοὶ δέ two lines later (l487, 'and they themselves scattered'): the black ship hauled ashore is set against the crew who then scatter to the camp."},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"μέλαιναν","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆα","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"ἠπείροιο","lemma":"ἤπειρος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"the mainland"},{"surface":"ἔρυσσαν","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew"}]},{"number":486,"label":"486","id":"b1-l486","source":"ὑψοῦ ἐπὶ ψαμάθοις, ὑπὸ δʼ ἕρματα μακρὰ τάνυσσαν·","translation":"high upon the sand, and stretched long props beneath her;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l486.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὑψοῦ","lemma":"ὑψοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔρυσσαν","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ψαμάθοις","lemma":"ψάμαθος","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"the sand"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beneath","note":"Tmesis: ὑπό separates from τάνυσσαν (ὑποτανύω, 'stretch beneath'), describing the props set under the ship's hull."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕρματα","lemma":"ἕρμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τάνυσσαν","gloss":"props"},{"surface":"μακρὰ","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἕρματα","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"τάνυσσαν","lemma":"τανύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stretched","note":"ἕρματα are the wooden props or skids that keep a beached ship's hull off the sand — standard technical vocabulary of Homeric seafaring."}]},{"number":487,"label":"487","id":"b1-l487","source":"αὐτοὶ δʼ ἐσκίδναντο κατὰ κλισίας τε νέας τε.","translation":"and they themselves scattered among the huts and the ships.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l487.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτοὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"they themselves"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐσκίδναντο","lemma":"σκίδνημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"scattered"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"κλισίας","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"huts"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νέας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":488,"label":"488","id":"b1-l488","source":"αὐτὰρ ὃ μήνιε νηυσὶ παρήμενος ὠκυπόροισι","translation":"But he nursed his wrath, sitting beside the swift-faring ships,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l488.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μήνιε","lemma":"μηνίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"nursed his wrath","note":"μηνίω, 'to nurse a wrath of cosmic scale,' shares its root with μῆνιν, the poem's very first word — Achilles' private sulking here is literally the same wrath the epic set out to sing."},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of παρήμενος","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"παρήμενος","lemma":"πάρημαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μήνιε","gloss":"sitting beside"},{"surface":"ὠκυπόροισι","lemma":"ὠκύπορος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶ","gloss":"swift-faring"}]},{"number":489,"label":"489","id":"b1-l489","source":"διογενὴς Πηλῆος υἱὸς πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς·","translation":"the Zeus-sprung son of Peleus, swift-footed Achilles;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l489.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"διογενὴς","lemma":"διογενής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"Zeus-sprung"},{"surface":"Πηλῆος","lemma":"Πηλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Peleus"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"πόδας","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὠκὺς","gloss":"in his feet","note":"πόδας is an accusative of respect ('swift with respect to his feet'), the idiom behind the compound epithet 'swift-footed.'"},{"surface":"ὠκὺς","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":490,"label":"490","id":"b1-l490","source":"οὔτέ ποτʼ εἰς ἀγορὴν πωλέσκετο κυδιάνειραν","translation":"he would never go to the assembly that glorifies men,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l490.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πωλέσκετο... φθινύθεσκε... ποθέεσκε","title":"Iterative imperfect (-σκε forms)","body":"The suffix -σκε on these three imperfects marks habitual, repeated action — \"he used to go... he used to waste away... he used to long for\" — rather than a single occasion. Achilles' withdrawal is not one afternoon's sulk but his settled, ongoing state through these twelve days."}],"words":[{"surface":"οὔτέ","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to πωλέσκετο","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἀγορὴν","lemma":"ἀγορά","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"the assembly"},{"surface":"πωλέσκετο","lemma":"πωλέομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would go"},{"surface":"κυδιάνειραν","lemma":"κυδιάνειρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀγορὴν","gloss":"that glorifies men"}]},{"number":491,"label":"491","id":"b1-l491","source":"οὔτέ ποτʼ ἐς πόλεμον, ἀλλὰ φθινύθεσκε φίλον κῆρ","translation":"nor ever to war, but would waste his own heart","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l491.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔτέ","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πόλεμον","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"φθινύθεσκε","lemma":"φθινύθω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would waste"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῆρ","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"κῆρ","lemma":"κῆρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of φθινύθεσκε","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":492,"label":"492","id":"b1-l492","source":"αὖθι μένων, ποθέεσκε δʼ ἀϋτήν τε πτόλεμόν τε.","translation":"remaining there, yearning for the war cry and the battle.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l492.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὖθι","lemma":"αὖθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of μένων","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"μένων","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to φθινύθεσκε","gloss":"remaining"},{"surface":"ποθέεσκε","lemma":"ποθέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"yearning for"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀϋτήν","lemma":"ἀυτή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"the war cry"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πτόλεμόν","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"the battle"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":493,"label":"493","id":"b1-l493","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δή ῥʼ ἐκ τοῖο δυωδεκάτη γένετʼ ἠώς,","translation":"But when from that time the twelfth dawn had come,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l493.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"τοῖο","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἐκ","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"δυωδεκάτη","lemma":"δωδέκατος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἠώς","gloss":"the twelfth"},{"surface":"γένετ","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"had come"},{"surface":"ἠώς","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of γένετ̓","gloss":"dawn"}]},{"number":494,"label":"494","id":"b1-l494","source":"καὶ τότε δὴ πρὸς Ὄλυμπον ἴσαν θεοὶ αἰὲν ἐόντες","translation":"then the gods who are forever went back to Olympus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l494.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴσαν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"back to"},{"surface":"Ὄλυμπον","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"Olympus"},{"surface":"ἴσαν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἴσαν","gloss":"the gods"},{"surface":"αἰὲν","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐόντες","gloss":"forever"},{"surface":"ἐόντες","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"who are"}]},{"number":495,"label":"495","id":"b1-l495","source":"πάντες ἅμα, Ζεὺς δʼ ἦρχε· Θέτις δʼ οὐ λήθετʼ ἐφετμέων","translation":"all together, and Zeus led the way; nor did Thetis forget the charge","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l495.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴσαν","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦρχε","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἦρχε","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led the way"},{"surface":"Θέτις","lemma":"Θέτις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of λήθετ̓","gloss":"Thetis"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"λήθετ","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"forget"},{"surface":"ἐφετμέων","lemma":"ἐφετμή","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of λήθετ̓","gloss":"the charge"}]},{"number":496,"label":"496","id":"b1-l496","source":"παιδὸς ἑοῦ, ἀλλʼ ἥ γʼ ἀνεδύσετο κῦμα θαλάσσης.","translation":"of her son, but rose up from the wave of the sea.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l496.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παιδὸς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐφετμέων","gloss":"of her son"},{"surface":"ἑοῦ","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies παιδὸς","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀνεδύσετο","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἀνεδύσετο","lemma":"ἀναδύνω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose up"},{"surface":"κῦμα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀνεδύσετο","gloss":"the wave"},{"surface":"θαλάσσης","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies κῦμα","gloss":"of the sea"}]},{"number":497,"label":"497","id":"b1-l497","source":"ἠερίη δʼ ἀνέβη μέγαν οὐρανὸν Οὔλυμπόν τε.","translation":"and at early dawn she went up to great heaven and Olympus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l497.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠερίη","lemma":"ἠέριος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"at early dawn"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνέβη","lemma":"ἀναβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went up"},{"surface":"μέγαν","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οὐρανὸν","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"οὐρανὸν","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"Οὔλυμπόν","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"Olympus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":498,"label":"498","id":"b1-l498","source":"εὗρεν δʼ εὐρύοπα Κρονίδην ἄτερ ἥμενον ἄλλων","translation":"She found the wide-thundering son of Cronos sitting apart from the rest,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l498.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"εὐρύοπα","title":"\"Wide-thundering\" Zeus","body":"εὐρύοπα, literally \"wide-voiced,\" is a standing epithet of Zeus tied to his thunder, not his sight; we render it \"wide-thundering\" and hold this wording for the Iliad."}],"words":[{"surface":"εὗρεν","lemma":"εὑρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"εὐρύοπα","lemma":"εὐρύοπα","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Κρονίδην","gloss":"wide-thundering","note":"εὐρύοπα, 'wide-thundering' or 'far-seeing,' is a standing epithet of Zeus tied to his mastery of the sky and thunder."},{"surface":"Κρονίδην","lemma":"Κρονίδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εὗρεν","gloss":"son of Cronos"},{"surface":"ἄτερ","lemma":"ἄτερ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"apart from"},{"surface":"ἥμενον","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἄτερ","gloss":"the rest"}]},{"number":499,"label":"499","id":"b1-l499","source":"ἀκροτάτῃ κορυφῇ πολυδειράδος Οὐλύμποιο·","translation":"upon the topmost peak of many-ridged Olympus;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l499.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀκροτάτῃ","lemma":"ἄκρος","morphology":"dative singular feminine superlative adjective","role":"modifies κορυφῇ","gloss":"topmost"},{"surface":"κορυφῇ","lemma":"κορυφή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"peak"},{"surface":"πολυδειράδος","lemma":"πολυδειράς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Οὐλύμποιο","gloss":"many-ridged"},{"surface":"Οὐλύμποιο","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κορυφῇ","gloss":"Olympus"}]},{"number":500,"label":"500","id":"b1-l500","source":"καί ῥα πάροιθʼ αὐτοῖο καθέζετο, καὶ λάβε γούνων","translation":"and she sat down before him, and clasped his knees","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l500.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"λάβε γούνων","title":"Genitive with a verb of touching","body":"γούνων, \"of the knees,\" stands in the genitive because Greek verbs of touching, grasping, and taking hold govern a partitive genitive rather than a plain accusative object — she takes hold *of* his knees, not simply \"his knees\" outright."}],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πάροιθ","lemma":"πάροιθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"αὐτοῖο","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"object of πάροιθ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"καθέζετο","lemma":"καθέζομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat down"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λάβε","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"clasped"},{"surface":"γούνων","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of λάβε","gloss":"his knees","note":"Clasping the knees (γούνατα λαβεῖν) is the formal, physical gesture of supplication in Homer — Thetis performs the ritual bodily, not just in words."}]},{"number":501,"label":"501","id":"b1-l501","source":"σκαιῇ, δεξιτερῇ δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπʼ ἀνθερεῶνος ἑλοῦσα","translation":"with her left hand, and with her right she took him beneath the chin,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l501.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σκαιῇ","lemma":"σκαιός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to λάβε","gloss":"with her left hand"},{"surface":"δεξιτερῇ","lemma":"δεξιτερός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἑλοῦσα","gloss":"with her right"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"ἀνθερεῶνος","lemma":"ἀνθερεών","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπ̓","gloss":"the chin"},{"surface":"ἑλοῦσα","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to προσέειπε","gloss":"took"}]},{"number":502,"label":"502","id":"b1-l502","source":"λισσομένη προσέειπε Δία Κρονίωνα ἄνακτα·","translation":"and in supplication spoke to lord Zeus, son of Cronos:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l502.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λισσομένη","lemma":"λίσσομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to προσέειπε","gloss":"in supplication"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke to"},{"surface":"Δία","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"Κρονίωνα","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Δία","gloss":"son of Cronos"},{"surface":"ἄνακτα","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Δία","gloss":"lord"}]},{"number":503,"label":"503","id":"b1-l503","source":"Ζεῦ πάτερ εἴ ποτε δή σε μετʼ ἀθανάτοισιν ὄνησα","translation":"\"Father Zeus, if ever among the immortals I gave you aid,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l503.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεῦ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"πάτερ","lemma":"πάτηρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεῦ","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"ποτε","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ὄνησα","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισιν","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to μετ̓","gloss":"the immortals"},{"surface":"ὄνησα","lemma":"ὀνίνημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"gave aid"}]},{"number":504,"label":"504","id":"b1-l504","source":"ἢ ἔπει ἢ ἔργῳ, τόδε μοι κρήηνον ἐέλδωρ·","translation":"whether in word or deed, grant me now this desire:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l504.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"ἔπει","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"in word"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἔργῳ","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"in deed"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἐέλδωρ","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κρήηνον","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"κρήηνον","lemma":"κραίνω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grant"},{"surface":"ἐέλδωρ","lemma":"ἔλδωρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κρήηνον","gloss":"desire"}]},{"number":505,"label":"505","id":"b1-l505","source":"τίμησόν μοι υἱὸν ὃς ὠκυμορώτατος ἄλλων","translation":"honor my son, who has become the most short-fated","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l505.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὠκυμορώτατος","title":"Superlative of ὠκύμορος","body":"ὠκυμορώτατος is the superlative of ὠκύμορος, \"short-fated,\" already introduced for Achilles at line 417 (Thetis' own words). Here the superlative sharpens the claim: not merely short-fated, but the most short-fated of all."}],"words":[{"surface":"τίμησόν","lemma":"τιμάω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"honor"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τίμησόν","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔπλετ̓","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ὠκυμορώτατος","lemma":"ὠκύμορος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"most short-fated"},{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὠκυμορώτατος","gloss":"of all others"}]},{"number":506,"label":"506","id":"b1-l506","source":"ἔπλετʼ· ἀτάρ μιν νῦν γε ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων","translation":"of all others; yet now Agamemnon, lord of men,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l506.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔπλετ","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing υἱὸν","gloss":"has become"},{"surface":"ἀτάρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠτίμησεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠτίμησεν","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄναξ","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠτίμησεν","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":507,"label":"507","id":"b1-l507","source":"ἠτίμησεν· ἑλὼν γὰρ ἔχει γέρας αὐτὸς ἀπούρας.","translation":"has dishonored him; for he has seized his prize and keeps it, having taken it for himself.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l507.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠτίμησεν","lemma":"ἀτιμάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has dishonored"},{"surface":"ἑλὼν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔχει","gloss":"seized"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔχει","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"keeps"},{"surface":"γέρας","lemma":"γέρας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχει","gloss":"his prize","note":"Seizing a γέρας, a war-prize marking honor, is the central grievance of the whole poem — Agamemnon's act here is what the epic's opening lines have already named μῆνιν over."},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ἀπούρας","lemma":"ἀπαυράω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔχει","gloss":"having robbed"}]},{"number":508,"label":"508","id":"b1-l508","source":"ἀλλὰ σύ πέρ μιν τῖσον Ὀλύμπιε μητίετα Ζεῦ·","translation":"\"But you, honor him yourself, Olympian, Zeus the counselor;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l508.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μητίετα Ζεῦ","title":"\"Zeus the counselor\"","body":"μητίετα, \"of counsel, the counselor,\" is a standing epithet of Zeus already fixed in our Odyssey drafts as \"Zeus the counselor\"; we hold the same wording for its first appearance in the Iliad."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of τῖσον","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"πέρ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τῖσον","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"τῖσον","lemma":"τίνω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"honor"},{"surface":"Ὀλύμπιε","lemma":"Ὀλύμπιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ζεῦ","gloss":"Olympian"},{"surface":"μητίετα","lemma":"μητίετα","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεῦ","gloss":"the counselor"},{"surface":"Ζεῦ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":509,"label":"509","id":"b1-l509","source":"τόφρα δʼ ἐπὶ Τρώεσσι τίθει κράτος ὄφρʼ ἂν Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"and meanwhile give strength to the Trojans, until the Achaeans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l509.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόφρα","lemma":"τόφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τίθει","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"τίθει","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"κράτος","lemma":"κράτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τίθει","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of τέ","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":510,"label":"510","id":"b1-l510","source":"υἱὸν ἐμὸν τίσωσιν ὀφέλλωσίν τέ ἑ τιμῇ.","translation":"honor my son, and increase him with glory.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l510.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τίσωσιν","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἐμὸν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"τίσωσιν","lemma":"τίνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to τέ","gloss":"honor"},{"surface":"ὀφέλλωσίν","lemma":"ὀφέλλω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to τέ","gloss":"increase"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὀφέλλωσίν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"τιμῇ","lemma":"τιμή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὀφέλλωσίν","gloss":"with glory"}]},{"number":511,"label":"511","id":"b1-l511","source":"ὣς φάτο· τὴν δʼ οὔ τι προσέφη νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς,","translation":"So she spoke; but Zeus the cloud-gatherer said nothing to her,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l511.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"to her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"νεφεληγερέτα","lemma":"νεφεληγερέτα","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεύς","gloss":"cloud-gatherer"},{"surface":"Ζεύς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":512,"label":"512","id":"b1-l512","source":"ἀλλʼ ἀκέων δὴν ἧστο· Θέτις δʼ ὡς ἥψατο γούνων","translation":"but sat silent for a long while; and Thetis, just as she had clasped his knees,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l512.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀκέων","lemma":"ἀκέων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"silent"},{"surface":"δὴν","lemma":"δήν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἧστο","gloss":"for a long while"},{"surface":"ἧστο","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"pluperfect middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"Θέτις","lemma":"Θέτις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Thetis"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἥψατο","gloss":"just as"},{"surface":"ἥψατο","lemma":"ἅπτω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἔχετ̓","gloss":"had clasped"},{"surface":"γούνων","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἥψατο","gloss":"his knees"}]},{"number":513,"label":"513","id":"b1-l513","source":"ὣς ἔχετʼ ἐμπεφυυῖα, καὶ εἴρετο δεύτερον αὖτις·","translation":"so she held on, clinging fast, and asked him once more:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l513.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχετ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔχετ","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held on"},{"surface":"ἐμπεφυυῖα","lemma":"ἐμφύω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἔχετ̓","gloss":"clinging fast","note":"ἐμπεφυυῖα literally means 'having grown into,' the same verb used of ivy or a grafted branch — Thetis's persistence in supplication is imaged as her having physically fused to Zeus's knees."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἴρετο","lemma":"ἔρομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"δεύτερον","lemma":"δεύτερος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to εἴρετο","gloss":"once more"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴρετο","gloss":"again"}]},{"number":514,"label":"514","id":"b1-l514","source":"νημερτὲς μὲν δή μοι ὑπόσχεο καὶ κατάνευσον","translation":"\"Promise me now, unfailingly, and bow your head in assent,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l514.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νημερτὲς","lemma":"νημερτής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"unfailingly"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ὑπόσχεο","lemma":"ὑπισχνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"promise"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατάνευσον","lemma":"κατανεύω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bow your head in assent"}]},{"number":515,"label":"515","id":"b1-l515","source":"ἢ ἀπόειπʼ, ἐπεὶ οὔ τοι ἔπι δέος, ὄφρʼ ἐῢ εἰδέω","translation":"or else refuse me — since no fear touches you — that I may know well","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l515.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἀπόειπ","lemma":"ἀπεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"refuse"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"touches","note":"ἔπι here stands in for an unstated 'is' (ἐστί), the preposition doing double duty as the clause's verb — a Homeric anastrophe: 'no fear is upon you.'"},{"surface":"δέος","lemma":"δέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"fear"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ἐῢ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰδέω","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"εἰδέω","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφῤ","gloss":"I may know"}]},{"number":516,"label":"516","id":"b1-l516","source":"ὅσσον ἐγὼ μετὰ πᾶσιν ἀτιμοτάτη θεός εἰμι.","translation":"how far, among all the gods, I am the most dishonored.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l516.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅσσον","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to εἰμι","gloss":"how far"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of εἰμι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"πᾶσιν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀτιμοτάτη","lemma":"ἄτιμος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine superlative adjective","role":"modifies θεός","gloss":"most dishonored"},{"surface":"θεός","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"εἰμι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"object of εἰδέω","gloss":"I am"}]},{"number":517,"label":"517","id":"b1-l517","source":"τὴν δὲ μέγʼ ὀχθήσας προσέφη νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς·","translation":"Then, greatly troubled, Zeus the cloud-gatherer answered her:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l517.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μέγ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ὀχθήσας","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"ὀχθήσας","lemma":"ὀχθέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"troubled","note":"μέγ' ὀχθήσας... προσέφη, 'greatly troubled, he answered,' is a formulaic half-line Homer reuses elsewhere to introduce a god's uneasy response to an awkward request."},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"νεφεληγερέτα","lemma":"νεφεληγερέτα","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεύς","gloss":"cloud-gatherer"},{"surface":"Ζεύς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":518,"label":"518","id":"b1-l518","source":"ἦ δὴ λοίγια ἔργʼ ὅ τέ μʼ ἐχθοδοπῆσαι ἐφήσεις","translation":"\"Truly this is a ruinous business, since you will set me at odds","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l518.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"λοίγια","lemma":"λοίγιος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργ̓","gloss":"ruinous"},{"surface":"ἔργ","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"business"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐφήσεις","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἐχθοδοπῆσαι","lemma":"ἐχθοδοπέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἐφήσεις","gloss":"to set at odds"},{"surface":"ἐφήσεις","lemma":"ἐφίημι","morphology":"future active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅ","gloss":"will cause"}]},{"number":519,"label":"519","id":"b1-l519","source":"Ἥρῃ ὅτʼ ἄν μʼ ἐρέθῃσιν ὀνειδείοις ἐπέεσσιν·","translation":"with Hera, whenever she provokes me with her taunting words;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l519.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἥρῃ","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐχθοδοπῆσαι","gloss":"with Hera"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"ἄν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐρέθῃσιν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἐρέθῃσιν","lemma":"ἐρέθω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτ̓","gloss":"provokes"},{"surface":"ὀνειδείοις","lemma":"ὀνείδειος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἐπέεσσιν","gloss":"taunting"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσιν","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐρέθῃσιν","gloss":"words"}]},{"number":520,"label":"520","id":"b1-l520","source":"ἣ δὲ καὶ αὔτως μʼ αἰεὶ ἐν ἀθανάτοισι θεοῖσι","translation":"and she, even without cause, forever among the immortal gods","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l520.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of καί","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"αὔτως","lemma":"αὔτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to νεικεῖ","gloss":"without cause"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of νεικεῖ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to νεικεῖ","gloss":"forever"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοῖσι","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"θεοῖσι","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"gods"}]},{"number":521,"label":"521","id":"b1-l521","source":"νεικεῖ, καί τέ μέ φησι μάχῃ Τρώεσσιν ἀρήγειν.","translation":"quarrels with me, and says that I aid the Trojans in battle.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l521.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νεικεῖ","lemma":"νεικέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"quarrels"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"μέ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀρήγειν","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"φησι","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"says"},{"surface":"μάχῃ","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀρήγειν","gloss":"in battle"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσιν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀρήγειν","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἀρήγειν","lemma":"ἀρήγω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of φησι","gloss":"aid"}]},{"number":522,"label":"522","id":"b1-l522","source":"ἀλλὰ σὺ μὲν νῦν αὖτις ἀπόστιχε μή τι νοήσῃ","translation":"But go back now, so that Hera may notice nothing;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l522.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἀπόστιχε","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπόστιχε","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπόστιχε","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ἀπόστιχε","lemma":"ἀποστείχω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that... not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of νοήσῃ","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"νοήσῃ","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μή","gloss":"notice"}]},{"number":523,"label":"523","id":"b1-l523","source":"Ἥρη· ἐμοὶ δέ κε ταῦτα μελήσεται ὄφρα τελέσσω·","translation":"and I myself will see to it that these things are accomplished.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l523.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of νοήσῃ","gloss":"Hera"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of μελήσεται","gloss":"I myself"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of μελήσεται","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"μελήσεται","lemma":"μέλω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will see to"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"τελέσσω","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"I may accomplish","note":"τελέσσω is active, 1st singular ('that I may bring it to pass'), not passive; the published line's 'are accomplished' recasts this for smoother English."}]},{"number":524,"label":"524","id":"b1-l524","source":"εἰ δʼ ἄγε τοι κεφαλῇ κατανεύσομαι ὄφρα πεποίθῃς·","translation":"Come, then — I will bow my head to you, that you may trust me;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l524.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come","note":"εἰ δ' ἄγε is a fossilized exclamatory idiom ('come now!'), not a literal conditional 'if' — the sense is carried by the phrase as a whole, not by any one word."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of κατανεύσομαι","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"κεφαλῇ","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατανεύσομαι","gloss":"my head"},{"surface":"κατανεύσομαι","lemma":"κατανεύω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will bow"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"πεποίθῃς","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"perfect active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"you may trust"}]},{"number":525,"label":"525","id":"b1-l525","source":"τοῦτο γὰρ ἐξ ἐμέθεν γε μετʼ ἀθανάτοισι μέγιστον","translation":"for this, from me, is the greatest sign among the immortals,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l525.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦτο","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἐμέθεν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐξ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to γε","gloss":"the immortals"},{"surface":"μέγιστον","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέκμωρ","gloss":"greatest"}]},{"number":526,"label":"526","id":"b1-l526","source":"τέκμωρ· οὐ γὰρ ἐμὸν παλινάγρετον οὐδʼ ἀπατηλὸν","translation":"that pledge; for nothing of mine is revocable, or deceitful,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l526.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"τέκμωρ","title":"The pledge that cannot be recalled","body":"τέκμωρ names a fixed sign or guarantee — here, Zeus's own word says that whatever he confirms with a nod is irrevocable, undeceiving, and certain to be carried out. No other god's word in the poem carries this absolute finality."}],"words":[{"surface":"τέκμωρ","lemma":"τέκμαρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"pledge"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐμὸν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"of mine"},{"surface":"παλινάγρετον","lemma":"παλινάγρετος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"revocable"},{"surface":"ἀπατηλὸν","lemma":"ἀπατηλός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"deceitful"}]},{"number":527,"label":"527","id":"b1-l527","source":"οὐδʼ ἀτελεύτητον ὅ τί κεν κεφαλῇ κατανεύσω.","translation":"or unfulfilled, once I have bowed my head to it.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l527.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀτελεύτητον","lemma":"ἀτελεύτητος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"unfulfilled"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of κατανεύσω","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ὅ","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"κεφαλῇ","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατανεύσω","gloss":"my head"},{"surface":"κατανεύσω","lemma":"κατανεύω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"have bowed"}]},{"number":528,"label":"528","id":"b1-l528","source":"ἦ καὶ κυανέῃσιν ἐπʼ ὀφρύσι νεῦσε Κρονίων·","translation":"So he spoke, and the son of Cronos bowed his head, his dark brows lowering;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l528.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κυανέῃσιν","lemma":"κυάνεος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὀφρύσι","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ὀφρύσι","lemma":"ὀφρύς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπ̓","gloss":"his brows"},{"surface":"νεῦσε","lemma":"νεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bowed","note":"This is the Homeric 'Nod of Zeus' (νεῦσε Κρονίων) — antiquity's most famous gesture of divine assent, later said to have inspired Pheidias's cult statue of Zeus at Olympia."},{"surface":"Κρονίων","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"the son of Cronos"}]},{"number":529,"label":"529","id":"b1-l529","source":"ἀμβρόσιαι δʼ ἄρα χαῖται ἐπερρώσαντο ἄνακτος","translation":"and the god's ambrosial locks swept forward","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l529.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐπερρώσαντο","title":"\"Swept forward\" — a disputed verb","body":"ἐπερρώσαντο (from ἐπιρρώομαι, \"to sway or stream to and fro\") describes the motion of Zeus's hair as his head tips down in the nod; translators split between a swaying/shaking sense (\"swung,\" \"shook\") and a surging, directional sense (\"streamed,\" \"swept forward\"). We take the more dynamic reading to match the force of the gesture, but the verb's precise motion is genuinely disputed among commentators."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμβρόσιαι","lemma":"ἀμβρόσιος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χαῖται","gloss":"ambrosial"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"χαῖται","lemma":"χαίτη","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐπερρώσαντο","gloss":"locks"},{"surface":"ἐπερρώσαντο","lemma":"ἐπιρρώομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"swept forward"},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies χαῖται","gloss":"the god's"}]},{"number":530,"label":"530","id":"b1-l530","source":"κρατὸς ἀπʼ ἀθανάτοιο· μέγαν δʼ ἐλέλιξεν Ὄλυμπον.","translation":"from his immortal head; and he made great Olympus quake.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l530.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κρατὸς","lemma":"κράς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπ̓","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοιο","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κρατὸς","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"μέγαν","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὄλυμπον","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐλέλιξεν","lemma":"ἐλελίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made quake"},{"surface":"Ὄλυμπον","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐλέλιξεν","gloss":"Olympus"}]},{"number":531,"label":"531","id":"b1-l531","source":"τώ γʼ ὣς βουλεύσαντε διέτμαγεν· ἣ μὲν ἔπειτα","translation":"So the two of them, having so resolved, parted; she then","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l531.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"βουλεύσαντε διέτμαγεν","title":"Dual number, once more","body":"βουλεύσαντε is a dual participle and διέτμαγεν a dual aorist verb, marking Zeus and Thetis together as a pair of exactly two, the same grammatical device used earlier for Agamemnon and Achilles (line 6) and for the two heralds (line 322). Here it marks the moment the two of them, having settled the matter between them, go their separate ways."}],"words":[{"surface":"τώ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of διέτμαγεν","gloss":"the two of them"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βουλεύσαντε","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"βουλεύσαντε","lemma":"βουλεύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to διέτμαγεν","gloss":"having resolved"},{"surface":"διέτμαγεν","lemma":"διατμήγω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"parted"},{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἆλτο","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand","note":"This μέν does not find its answering δέ until Ζεὺς δέ two lines later (l533, 'and Zeus went to his own house'): Thetis's plunge into the sea is set against Zeus's own departure home."},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἆλτο","gloss":"then"}]},{"number":532,"label":"532","id":"b1-l532","source":"εἰς ἅλα ἆλτο βαθεῖαν ἀπʼ αἰγλήεντος Ὀλύμπου,","translation":"leapt into the deep sea from gleaming Olympus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l532.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"ἅλα","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"the sea"},{"surface":"ἆλτο","lemma":"ἅλλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"leapt"},{"surface":"βαθεῖαν","lemma":"βαθύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἅλα","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"αἰγλήεντος","lemma":"αἰγλήεις","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀλύμπου","gloss":"gleaming"},{"surface":"Ὀλύμπου","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπ̓","gloss":"Olympus"}]},{"number":533,"label":"533","id":"b1-l533","source":"Ζεὺς δὲ ἑὸν πρὸς δῶμα· θεοὶ δʼ ἅμα πάντες ἀνέσταν","translation":"and Zeus went to his own house; and all the gods together rose up","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l533.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑὸν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶμα","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"δῶμα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνέσταν","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνέσταν","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀνέσταν","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose up"}]},{"number":534,"label":"534","id":"b1-l534","source":"ἐξ ἑδέων σφοῦ πατρὸς ἐναντίον· οὐδέ τις ἔτλη","translation":"From their seats, before their father; and no one dared","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l534.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἑδέων","lemma":"ἕδος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"seats"},{"surface":"σφοῦ","lemma":"σφός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατρὸς","gloss":"their own"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐναντίον","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἐναντίον","lemma":"ἐναντίον","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔτλη","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ἔτλη","lemma":"τλάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dared","note":"The absent id b1-l534-w6 marks the elided οὐδέ (\"and no one\"); the negation is carried by the translation's \"no one\" rather than by any word glossed here."}]},{"number":535,"label":"535","id":"b1-l535","source":"μεῖναι ἐπερχόμενον, ἀλλʼ ἀντίοι ἔσταν ἅπαντες.","translation":"to remain seated as he approached, but all stood up to face him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l535.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μεῖναι","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἔτλη","gloss":"to remain"},{"surface":"ἐπερχόμενον","lemma":"ἐπέρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"approaching"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀντίοι","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"facing"},{"surface":"ἔσταν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood up"},{"surface":"ἅπαντες","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἔσταν","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":536,"label":"536","id":"b1-l536","source":"ὣς ὃ μὲν ἔνθα καθέζετʼ ἐπὶ θρόνου· οὐδέ μιν Ἥρη","translation":"So he sat down there upon his throne; and Hera did not","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l536.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καθέζετ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καθέζετ̓","gloss":"he","note":"ὃ is the old Homeric demonstrative pronoun (\"that one\"), referring back to Zeus."},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand","note":"This μέν is answered by the οὐδέ opening the next clause: Zeus sat down, but Hera did not fail to notice."},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καθέζετ̓","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"καθέζετ","lemma":"καθέζετο","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat down"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"θρόνου","lemma":"θρόνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"throne"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἰδοῦσ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἠγνοίησεν","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":537,"label":"537","id":"b1-l537","source":"ἠγνοίησεν ἰδοῦσʼ ὅτι οἱ συμφράσσατο βουλὰς","translation":"fail to notice, having seen, that with him had taken counsel together —","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l537.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"οὐδέ ... ἠγνοίησεν","title":"Litotes: denying the opposite","body":"ἠγνοίησεν, \"she failed to notice,\" negated by the preceding οὐδέ, produces litotes — an emphatic statement made by denying its opposite. \"She did not fail to notice\" means, more strongly, that Hera noticed at once."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἠγνοίησεν","lemma":"ἀγνοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fail to notice"},{"surface":"ἰδοῦσ","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἠγνοίησεν","gloss":"having seen"},{"surface":"ὅτι","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of συμφράσσατο","gloss":"with him"},{"surface":"συμφράσσατο","lemma":"συμφράζομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ὅτι","gloss":"had taken counsel"},{"surface":"βουλὰς","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of συμφράσσατο","gloss":"plans"}]},{"number":538,"label":"538","id":"b1-l538","source":"ἀργυρόπεζα Θέτις θυγάτηρ ἁλίοιο γέροντος.","translation":"silver-footed Thetis, daughter of the old man of the sea.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l538.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀργυρόπεζα","lemma":"ἀργυρόπεζος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Θέτις","gloss":"silver-footed"},{"surface":"Θέτις","lemma":"Θέτις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Thetis"},{"surface":"θυγάτηρ","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"ἁλίοιο","lemma":"ἅλιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies γέροντος","gloss":"of the sea"},{"surface":"γέροντος","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θυγάτηρ","gloss":"old man","note":"θυγάτηρ ... γέροντος, \"daughter of the old man,\" identifies Thetis by her father Nereus, the sea's old man, without naming him."}]},{"number":539,"label":"539","id":"b1-l539","source":"αὐτίκα κερτομίοισι Δία Κρονίωνα προσηύδα·","translation":"At once she addressed Zeus, son of Cronos, with taunting words:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l539.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"κερτομίοισι","lemma":"κερτόμιος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"with taunting words"},{"surface":"Δία","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"Κρονίωνα","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Δία","gloss":"son of Cronos"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":540,"label":"540","id":"b1-l540","source":"τίς δʼ αὖ τοι δολομῆτα θεῶν συμφράσσατο βουλάς;","translation":"\"Which of the gods, crafty one, has plotted counsel with you now?","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l540.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δολομῆτα","title":"\"Crafty one\": Hera's taunt","body":"δολομῆτα, a vocative meaning roughly \"crafty-minded\" or \"schemer,\" is Hera's sarcastic address to Zeus. It twists an honorific epithet into an accusation, the sharpest word she has for him."}],"words":[{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of συμφράσσατο","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of συμφράσσατο","gloss":"with you"},{"surface":"δολομῆτα","lemma":"δολομήτης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"crafty one","note":"δολομῆτα is vocative, hung on an unspoken address (\"you, crafty one\") rather than agreeing with any expressed noun."},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"συμφράσσατο","lemma":"συμφράζομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"plotted"},{"surface":"βουλάς","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of συμφράσσατο","gloss":"counsel"}]},{"number":541,"label":"541","id":"b1-l541","source":"αἰεί τοι φίλον ἐστὶν ἐμεῦ ἀπὸ νόσφιν ἐόντα","translation":"It is always dear to you, when you are apart from me,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l541.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰεί","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐστὶν","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐστὶν","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἐστὶν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it is"},{"surface":"ἐμεῦ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀπὸ","gloss":"from me"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"νόσφιν","lemma":"νόσφι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐόντα","gloss":"apart"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δικαζέμεν","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":542,"label":"542","id":"b1-l542","source":"κρυπτάδια φρονέοντα δικαζέμεν· οὐδέ τί πώ μοι","translation":"to devise things in secret and render your judgments; and never yet to me","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l542.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κρυπτάδια","lemma":"κρυπτάδιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to φρονέοντα","gloss":"in secret"},{"surface":"φρονέοντα","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δικαζέμεν","gloss":"devising"},{"surface":"δικαζέμεν","lemma":"δικάζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject of ἐστὶν","gloss":"to render judgments"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to τέτληκας","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"πώ","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to τέτληκας","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of εἰπεῖν","gloss":"to me"}]},{"number":543,"label":"543","id":"b1-l543","source":"πρόφρων τέτληκας εἰπεῖν ἔπος ὅττι νοήσῃς.","translation":"have you willingly brought yourself to tell whatever you contrive.","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l543.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρόφρων","lemma":"πρόφρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"willingly"},{"surface":"τέτληκας","lemma":"τλάω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have you brought yourself"},{"surface":"εἰπεῖν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of τέτληκας","gloss":"to tell"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἰπεῖν","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ὅττι","lemma":"ὅστις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of νοήσῃς","gloss":"whatever"},{"surface":"νοήσῃς","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἔπος","gloss":"you contrive"}]},{"number":544,"label":"544","id":"b1-l544","source":"τὴν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε·","translation":"Then the father of men and gods answered her:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l544.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and","note":"τε...τε here works as a pair (\"both...and\"), joining \"men\" and \"gods\" under the single title \"father.\""},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"of gods"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":545,"label":"545","id":"b1-l545","source":"Ἥρη μὴ δὴ πάντας ἐμοὺς ἐπιέλπεο μύθους","translation":"\"Hera, do not hope to know all","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l545.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Hera"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μύθους","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐμοὺς","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μύθους","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἐπιέλπεο","lemma":"ἐπέλπομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hope to know"},{"surface":"μύθους","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of εἰδήσειν","gloss":"words"}]},{"number":546,"label":"546","id":"b1-l546","source":"εἰδήσειν· χαλεποί τοι ἔσοντʼ ἀλόχῳ περ ἐούσῃ·","translation":"my words; they will be hard for you, though you are my wife.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l546.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰδήσειν","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ἐπιέλπεο","gloss":"to know"},{"surface":"χαλεποί","lemma":"χαλεπός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἔσοντ̓","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"ἔσοντ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"ἀλόχῳ","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἐούσῃ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":547,"label":"547","id":"b1-l547","source":"ἀλλʼ ὃν μέν κʼ ἐπιεικὲς ἀκουέμεν οὔ τις ἔπειτα","translation":"But whatever word is fitting to hear, no one then,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l547.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀκουέμεν","gloss":"whatever word"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand","note":"This μέν is answered two lines later by δέ (line 549), contrasting the word fit for anyone to hear with the one Zeus keeps to himself."},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἐπιεικὲς","lemma":"ἐπιεικής","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"fitting"},{"surface":"ἀκουέμεν","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"to hear"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴσεται","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴσεται","gloss":"then"}]},{"number":548,"label":"548","id":"b1-l548","source":"οὔτε θεῶν πρότερος τὸν εἴσεται οὔτʼ ἀνθρώπων·","translation":"neither god nor man, will know it before you;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l548.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔτε","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies οὔ","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"πρότερος","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"before, sooner than you"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἴσεται","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"εἴσεται","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will know"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies οὔ","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":549,"label":"549","id":"b1-l549","source":"ὃν δέ κʼ ἐγὼν ἀπάνευθε θεῶν ἐθέλωμι νοῆσαι","translation":"but whatever I wish to consider apart from the gods,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l549.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of νοῆσαι","gloss":"whatever"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the other hand","note":"This δέ completes the μέν...δέ contrast begun at line 547: what is fit to hear versus what Zeus wishes to consider apart from the gods."},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐθέλωμι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἀπάνευθε","lemma":"ἀπάνευθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"apart"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπάνευθε","gloss":"from the gods"},{"surface":"ἐθέλωμι","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ταῦτα","gloss":"wish"},{"surface":"νοῆσαι","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλωμι","gloss":"to consider"}]},{"number":550,"label":"550","id":"b1-l550","source":"μή τι σὺ ταῦτα ἕκαστα διείρεο μηδὲ μετάλλα.","translation":"do not ask about each of these things, nor inquire.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l550.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"ἕκαστα","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ταῦτα","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"διείρεο","lemma":"διείρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ask about"},{"surface":"μετάλλα","lemma":"μεταλλάω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"nor inquire","note":"The absent id b1-l550-w7 marks the elided μηδὲ (\"nor\"), which the translation renders directly before μετάλλα."}]},{"number":551,"label":"551","id":"b1-l551","source":"τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα βοῶπις πότνια Ἥρη·","translation":"Then ox-eyed queenly Hera answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l551.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"βοῶπις πότνια Ἥρη","title":"Ox-eyed queenly Hera","body":"βοῶπις, \"ox-eyed,\" paired with πότνια, \"queenly,\" is Hera's other standing epithet, distinct from λευκώλενος \"white-armed\" (first met at Book 1, line 55). Homer alternates the two by metrical need; ours renders each the same way whenever it recurs."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"βοῶπις","lemma":"βοῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"ox-eyed"},{"surface":"πότνια","lemma":"πότνια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"queenly"},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":552,"label":"552","id":"b1-l552","source":"αἰνότατε Κρονίδη ποῖον τὸν μῦθον ἔειπες;","translation":"\"Most dread son of Cronos, what a word you have spoken!","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l552.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰνότατε","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"vocative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"modifies Κρονίδη","gloss":"most dread"},{"surface":"Κρονίδη","lemma":"Κρονίδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son of Cronos"},{"surface":"ποῖον","lemma":"ποῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μῦθον","gloss":"what a"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies μῦθον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔειπες","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ἔειπες","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you have spoken"}]},{"number":553,"label":"553","id":"b1-l553","source":"καὶ λίην σε πάρος γʼ οὔτʼ εἴρομαι οὔτε μεταλλῶ,","translation":"Indeed, before now, I neither ask nor question you,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l553.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"λίην","lemma":"λίαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οὔ","gloss":"very much"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of οὔ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οὔ","gloss":"before now"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"εἴρομαι","lemma":"ἔρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"neither ask"},{"surface":"μεταλλῶ","lemma":"μεταλλάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"nor question"}]},{"number":554,"label":"554","id":"b1-l554","source":"ἀλλὰ μάλʼ εὔκηλος τὰ φράζεαι ἅσσʼ ἐθέλῃσθα.","translation":"but very much at ease you ponder whatever you wish.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l554.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"εὔκηλος","lemma":"εὔκηλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"at ease"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of φράζεαι","gloss":"the things"},{"surface":"φράζεαι","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you ponder"},{"surface":"ἅσσ","lemma":"ὅστις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἐθέλῃσθα","gloss":"whatever"},{"surface":"ἐθέλῃσθα","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τὰ","gloss":"you wish"}]},{"number":555,"label":"555","id":"b1-l555","source":"νῦν δʼ αἰνῶς δείδοικα κατὰ φρένα μή σε παρείπῃ","translation":"But now I terribly fear in my heart that she has won you over —","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l555.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δείδοικα","gloss":"but now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"αἰνῶς","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δείδοικα","gloss":"terribly"},{"surface":"δείδοικα","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I fear"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρένα","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of παρείπῃ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"παρείπῃ","lemma":"παρεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of μή","gloss":"won over"}]},{"number":556,"label":"556","id":"b1-l556","source":"ἀργυρόπεζα Θέτις θυγάτηρ ἁλίοιο γέροντος·","translation":"silver-footed Thetis, daughter of the old man of the sea;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l556.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀργυρόπεζα","lemma":"ἀργυρόπεζος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Θέτις","gloss":"silver-footed"},{"surface":"Θέτις","lemma":"Θέτις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Thetis"},{"surface":"θυγάτηρ","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"ἁλίοιο","lemma":"ἅλιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies γέροντος","gloss":"of the sea"},{"surface":"γέροντος","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θυγάτηρ","gloss":"old man"}]},{"number":557,"label":"557","id":"b1-l557","source":"ἠερίη γὰρ σοί γε παρέζετο καὶ λάβε γούνων·","translation":"for early this morning she sat beside you and clasped your knees;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l557.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠερίη","lemma":"ἠέριος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"early this morning"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"σοί","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of παρέζετο","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"παρέζετο","lemma":"παρέζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat beside"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λάβε","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"clasped"},{"surface":"γούνων","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of λάβε","gloss":"knees","note":"Clasping the knees (λαβὲ γούνων) is the formal Homeric gesture of supplication — the same act Thetis performed on Zeus earlier in the book, now thrown back at him."}]},{"number":558,"label":"558","id":"b1-l558","source":"τῇ σʼ ὀΐω κατανεῦσαι ἐτήτυμον ὡς Ἀχιλῆα","translation":"to her, I believe, you truly bowed your head in assent, that Achilles","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l558.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of κατανεῦσαι","gloss":"to her"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject of κατανεῦσαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ὀΐω","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I believe"},{"surface":"κατανεῦσαι","lemma":"κατανεύω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ὀΐω","gloss":"bowed your head","note":"κατανεῦσαι, \"to nod down,\" is Zeus's irrevocable gesture of assent — the pledge sealed earlier in the book (line 528) that Hera now suspects and confronts him about."},{"surface":"ἐτήτυμον","lemma":"ἐτήτυμος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to κατανεῦσαι","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆα","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τιμήσῃς","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":559,"label":"559","id":"b1-l559","source":"τιμήσῃς, ὀλέσῃς δὲ πολέας ἐπὶ νηυσὶν Ἀχαιῶν.","translation":"you will honor, and destroy many beside the ships of the Achaeans.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l559.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τιμήσῃς","lemma":"τιμάω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"you will honor"},{"surface":"ὀλέσῃς","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"destroy"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πολέας","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ὀλέσῃς","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶν","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":560,"label":"560","id":"b1-l560","source":"τὴν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς·","translation":"Then Zeus the cloud-gatherer answered her and said:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l560.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"νεφεληγερέτα","lemma":"νεφεληγερέτα","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεύς","gloss":"cloud-gatherer"},{"surface":"Ζεύς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":561,"label":"561","id":"b1-l561","source":"δαιμονίη αἰεὶ μὲν ὀΐεαι οὐδέ σε λήθω·","translation":"\"Strange one, you are always suspecting, and I cannot escape you;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l561.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δαιμονίη","lemma":"δαιμόνιος","morphology":"vocative singular feminine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"strange one"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀΐεαι","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand","note":"This μέν has no answering δέ in the translation; Zeus's sentence turns instead on ἀλλά two lines later, so μέν is left as simple emphasis, \"always.\""},{"surface":"ὀΐεαι","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you suspect"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of λήθω","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"λήθω","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I cannot escape"}]},{"number":562,"label":"562","id":"b1-l562","source":"πρῆξαι δʼ ἔμπης οὔ τι δυνήσεαι, ἀλλʼ ἀπὸ θυμοῦ","translation":"but you will accomplish nothing by it; you will only be further from","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l562.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρῆξαι","lemma":"πράσσω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δυνήσεαι","gloss":"to accomplish"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔμπης","lemma":"ἔμπας","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δυνήσεαι","gloss":"by it"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of πρῆξαι","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"δυνήσεαι","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you will be able"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"θυμοῦ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπὸ","gloss":"heart","note":"ἀπὸ θυμοῦ, \"away from my heart,\" begins a phrase completed in the next batch — Zeus warns Hera she will only grow further from his affection."}]},{"number":563,"label":"563","id":"b1-l563","source":"μᾶλλον ἐμοὶ ἔσεαι· τὸ δέ τοι καὶ ῥίγιον ἔσται.","translation":"my heart, and that will be the more grievous for you.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l563.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μᾶλλον","lemma":"μᾶλλον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσεαι","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies θυμοῦ","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ἔσεαι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you will be"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἔσται","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἔσται","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ῥίγιον","lemma":"ῥίγιον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"more grievous"},{"surface":"ἔσται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be"}]},{"number":564,"label":"564","id":"b1-l564","source":"εἰ δʼ οὕτω τοῦτʼ ἐστὶν ἐμοὶ μέλλει φίλον εἶναι·","translation":"But if this is so, it is as I wish it to be.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l564.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὕτω","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐστὶν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"τοῦτ","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"subject of ἐστὶν","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἐστὶν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἶναι","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"μέλλει","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is likely"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of μέλλει","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":565,"label":"565","id":"b1-l565","source":"ἀλλʼ ἀκέουσα κάθησο, ἐμῷ δʼ ἐπιπείθεο μύθῳ,","translation":"Sit down in silence, then, and obey my word,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l565.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then","note":"Zeus stacks two imperatives, κάθησο and ἐπιπείθεο, back to back — sit, and obey — leaving Hera no room to answer."},{"surface":"ἀκέουσα","lemma":"ἀκέων","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"in silence"},{"surface":"κάθησο","lemma":"κάθημαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sit"},{"surface":"ἐμῷ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μύθῳ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπιπείθεο","lemma":"ἐπιπείθομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"obey"},{"surface":"μύθῳ","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπιπείθεο","gloss":"word"}]},{"number":566,"label":"566","id":"b1-l566","source":"μή νύ τοι οὐ χραίσμωσιν ὅσοι θεοί εἰσʼ ἐν Ὀλύμπῳ","translation":"lest all the gods that are on Olympus not protect you,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l566.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μή νύ τοι οὐ χραίσμωσιν","title":"An echo of Chryses' prayer","body":"This half-line formula, \"lest ... not protect you,\" recurred already at Book 1, line 28, when Agamemnon warned Chryses that his staff and wreath would not protect him. Zeus now levels the same formula at Hera — the menace that opened the poem's human quarrel resurfaces inside the gods' own marriage."}],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to χραίσμωσιν","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of χραίσμωσιν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"χραίσμωσιν","lemma":"χραισμέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to μή","gloss":"protect"},{"surface":"ὅσοι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοί","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"θεοί","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of εἰσ̓","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"εἰσ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"subject of χραίσμωσιν","gloss":"who are"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"Ὀλύμπῳ","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"Olympus"}]},{"number":567,"label":"567","id":"b1-l567","source":"ἆσσον ἰόνθʼ, ὅτε κέν τοι ἀάπτους χεῖρας ἐφείω.","translation":"when I come near and lay my irresistible hands upon you.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l567.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀάπτους χεῖρας","title":"\"Irresistible hands\"","body":"ἄαπτος, from alpha-privative + ἅπτω \"touch, grasp,\" means literally \"not to be laid hold of\" — hence \"irresistible\" rather than simply \"invincible.\" χεῖρας ἀάπτους is a recurring Homeric formula for overwhelming physical force (it recurs later in the poem); locked here as \"irresistible hands\" for consistency wherever it appears again."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἆσσον","lemma":"ἆσσον","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἰόνθ̓","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἰόνθ","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"coming"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐφείω","gloss":"upon you"},{"surface":"ἀάπτους","lemma":"ἄαπτος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χεῖρας","gloss":"irresistible"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐφείω","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἐφείω","lemma":"ἐφίημι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"lay","note":"ἐφείω, \"I lay upon,\" completes Zeus's blunt threat begun with ἆσσον ἰόνθ' — coming near and setting his irresistible hands on Hera."}]},{"number":568,"label":"568","id":"b1-l568","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ ἔδεισεν δὲ βοῶπις πότνια Ἥρη,","translation":"So he spoke, and ox-eyed queenly Hera was afraid,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l568.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ἔδεισεν","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was afraid"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βοῶπις","lemma":"βοῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"ox-eyed"},{"surface":"πότνια","lemma":"πότνια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"queenly"},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔδεισεν","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":569,"label":"569","id":"b1-l569","source":"καί ῥʼ ἀκέουσα καθῆστο ἐπιγνάμψασα φίλον κῆρ·","translation":"and sat down in silence, curbing her own heart;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l569.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀκέουσα","lemma":"ἀκέων","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"in silence"},{"surface":"καθῆστο","lemma":"κάθημαι","morphology":"pluperfect middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat down"},{"surface":"ἐπιγνάμψασα","lemma":"ἐπιγνάμπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to καθῆστο","gloss":"curbing"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῆρ","gloss":"own"},{"surface":"κῆρ","lemma":"κῆρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπιγνάμψασα","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":570,"label":"570","id":"b1-l570","source":"ὄχθησαν δʼ ἀνὰ δῶμα Διὸς θεοὶ Οὐρανίωνες·","translation":"but the heavenly gods were troubled throughout the house of Zeus.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l570.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄχθησαν","lemma":"ὀχθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were troubled"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"δῶμα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀνὰ","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δῶμα","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ὄχθησαν","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"Οὐρανίωνες","lemma":"Οὐρανίωνες","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"heavenly","note":"Οὐρανίωνες, \"sons of Ouranos/Heaven,\" is a formal collective title for the Olympian gods, used here as the assembly falls silent in dismay."}]},{"number":571,"label":"571","id":"b1-l571","source":"τοῖσιν δʼ Ἥφαιστος κλυτοτέχνης ἦρχʼ ἀγορεύειν","translation":"Then Hephaestus, the famed craftsman, began to speak among them,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l571.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κλυτοτέχνης","title":"Hephaestus, \"famed craftsman\"","body":"κλυτοτέχνης, \"famed for his craft,\" is a standing epithet belonging to Hephaestus alone, the smith-god. It is held distinct from περικλυτὸς ἀμφιγυήεις, a different epithet pairing for the same god that appears at line 607."}],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦρχ̓","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἥφαιστος","lemma":"Ἥφαιστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦρχ̓","gloss":"Hephaestus"},{"surface":"κλυτοτέχνης","lemma":"κλυτοτέχνης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥφαιστος","gloss":"famed craftsman","note":"κλυτοτέχνης, \"famed for his craft,\" marks Hephaestus by his trade as smith-god before he speaks — his skill (not rank) is why the other gods listen to him now."},{"surface":"ἦρχ","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύειν","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἦρχ̓","gloss":"to speak"}]},{"number":572,"label":"572","id":"b1-l572","source":"μητρὶ φίλῃ ἐπίηρα φέρων λευκωλένῳ Ἥρῃ·","translation":"seeking to please his own dear mother, white-armed Hera:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l572.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐπίηρα φέρων","title":"\"Bringing what pleases\": an idiom for placating","body":"ἐπίηρα φέρειν, literally \"to bring pleasing things,\" is a fixed Homeric idiom for placating someone. It recurs almost verbatim at line 578, once of Hephaestus toward Hera and once of Hera toward Zeus, tying the whole peacemaking scene together with the same phrase."}],"words":[{"surface":"μητρὶ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"φίλῃ","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μητρὶ","gloss":"own dear"},{"surface":"ἐπίηρα","lemma":"ἐπίηρα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of φέρων","gloss":"pleasing things","note":"ἐπίηρα φέρων, \"bringing pleasing things,\" is a set Homeric idiom for seeking to please someone — Hephaestus positions himself as peacemaker before he speaks a word."},{"surface":"φέρων","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦρχ̓","gloss":"seeking to please"},{"surface":"λευκωλένῳ","lemma":"λευκώλενος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρῃ","gloss":"white-armed"},{"surface":"Ἥρῃ","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":573,"label":"573","id":"b1-l573","source":"ἦ δὴ λοίγια ἔργα τάδʼ ἔσσεται οὐδʼ ἔτʼ ἀνεκτά,","translation":"\"Surely these will be ruinous things, no longer bearable,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l573.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"λοίγια","lemma":"λοίγιος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δ̓","gloss":"ruinous","note":"λοίγια ἔργα, \"ruinous doings,\" is Hephaestus's opening alarm — he frames the divine quarrel in the same grave terms used elsewhere in the poem for wars and plagues."},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"things"},{"surface":"τάδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἔσσεται","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"ἔσσεται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"yet","note":"The absent id b1-l573-w7 marks the elided οὐδ' (\"nor\"), whose negation combines with ἔτ' to give \"no longer\"; ἔτ' by itself simply means \"yet, still.\""},{"surface":"ἀνεκτά","lemma":"ἀνεκτός","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δ̓","gloss":"bearable"}]},{"number":574,"label":"574","id":"b1-l574","source":"εἰ δὴ σφὼ ἕνεκα θνητῶν ἐριδαίνετον ὧδε,","translation":"if you two are to quarrel so, for the sake of mortals,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l574.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἐριδαίνετον","title":"Dual again: \"you two quarrel\"","body":"ἐριδαίνετον and ἐλαύνετον (line 575) are second-person dual verbs — Hephaestus addresses Zeus and Hera together as a pair, the same dual number first taught at Book 1, line 6, for Agamemnon and Achilles. The grammar itself frames the Olympian couple's quarrel as a two-person quarrel, just like the mortal one that opened the poem."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σφὼ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative dual pronoun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"you two"},{"surface":"ἕνεκα","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for the sake of"},{"surface":"θνητῶν","lemma":"θνητός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἕνεκα","gloss":"mortals"},{"surface":"ἐριδαίνετον","lemma":"ἐριδαίνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd dual verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"quarrel"},{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐριδαίνετον","gloss":"so"}]},{"number":575,"label":"575","id":"b1-l575","source":"ἐν δὲ θεοῖσι κολῳὸν ἐλαύνετον· οὐδέ τι δαιτὸς","translation":"and stir up uproar among the gods; nor will there be any joy","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l575.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"θεοῖσι","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"κολῳὸν","lemma":"κολῳός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐλαύνετον","gloss":"uproar"},{"surface":"ἐλαύνετον","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd dual verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"stir up"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔσσεται","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"δαιτὸς","lemma":"δαίτης","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἦδος","gloss":"feast's","note":"The absent id b1-l575-w6 marks the elided οὐδέ (\"nor... will there be\"), which the translation supplies before naming the feast."}]},{"number":576,"label":"576","id":"b1-l576","source":"ἐσθλῆς ἔσσεται ἦδος, ἐπεὶ τὰ χερείονα νικᾷ.","translation":"in the good feast, since the worse is winning out.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l576.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐσθλῆς","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies δαιτὸς","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"ἔσσεται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"ἦδος","lemma":"ἦδος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔσσεται","gloss":"joy"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter article","role":"modifies χερείονα","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"χερείονα","lemma":"χερείων","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of νικᾷ","gloss":"worse"},{"surface":"νικᾷ","lemma":"νικάω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"is winning out"}]},{"number":577,"label":"577","id":"b1-l577","source":"μητρὶ δʼ ἐγὼ παράφημι καὶ αὐτῇ περ νοεούσῃ","translation":"I counsel my mother, though she herself perceives it,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l577.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μητρὶ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of παράφημι","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of παράφημι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"παράφημι","lemma":"παράφημι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"counsel"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"αὐτῇ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"she herself"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"νοεούσῃ","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"perceives it"}]},{"number":578,"label":"578","id":"b1-l578","source":"πατρὶ φίλῳ ἐπίηρα φέρειν Διί, ὄφρα μὴ αὖτε","translation":"to please our own dear father Zeus, so that he may not again","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l578.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πατρὶ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"φίλῳ","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατρὶ","gloss":"own dear"},{"surface":"ἐπίηρα","lemma":"ἐπίηρα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of φέρειν","gloss":"pleasing things"},{"surface":"φέρειν","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of παράφημι","gloss":"to please"},{"surface":"Διί","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to νεικείῃσι","gloss":"again"}]},{"number":579,"label":"579","id":"b1-l579","source":"νεικείῃσι πατήρ, σὺν δʼ ἡμῖν δαῖτα ταράξῃ.","translation":"rebuke her, and throw our feast into confusion.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l579.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νεικείῃσι","lemma":"νεικέω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"rebuke her"},{"surface":"πατήρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)","note":"σὺν ... ταράξῃ is tmesis for συνταράξῃ, \"throw into utter confusion\" — the preverb σὺν is split from its verb by δ'."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἡμῖν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ταράξῃ","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"δαῖτα","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ταράξῃ","gloss":"feast"},{"surface":"ταράξῃ","lemma":"ταράσσω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"throw into confusion"}]},{"number":580,"label":"580","id":"b1-l580","source":"εἴ περ γάρ κʼ ἐθέλῃσιν Ὀλύμπιος ἀστεροπητὴς","translation":"For if the Olympian, lord of the lightning, should wish","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l580.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἐθέλῃσιν","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"should wish"},{"surface":"Ὀλύμπιος","lemma":"Ὀλύμπιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐθέλῃσιν","gloss":"Olympian"},{"surface":"ἀστεροπητὴς","lemma":"ἀστεροπητής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ὀλύμπιος","gloss":"lord of the lightning"}]},{"number":581,"label":"581","id":"b1-l581","source":"ἐξ ἑδέων στυφελίξαι· ὃ γὰρ πολὺ φέρτατός ἐστιν.","translation":"to hurl us from our seats — for he is by far the strongest —","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l581.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἑδέων","lemma":"ἕδος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"seats"},{"surface":"στυφελίξαι","lemma":"στυφελίζω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλῃσιν","gloss":"to hurl us"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐστιν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"by far"},{"surface":"φέρτατός","lemma":"φέρτατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"strongest","note":"φέρτατός ἐστιν, \"is strongest,\" states baldly the fact Hephaestus will next illustrate with his own story of being hurled from heaven."},{"surface":"ἐστιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":582,"label":"582","id":"b1-l582","source":"ἀλλὰ σὺ τὸν ἐπέεσσι καθάπτεσθαι μαλακοῖσιν·","translation":"then you must address him with gentle words;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l582.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of καθάπτεσθαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of καθάπτεσθαι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσι","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καθάπτεσθαι","gloss":"with words"},{"surface":"καθάπτεσθαι","lemma":"καθάπτω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"address"},{"surface":"μαλακοῖσιν","lemma":"μαλακός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἐπέεσσι","gloss":"gentle"}]},{"number":583,"label":"583","id":"b1-l583","source":"αὐτίκʼ ἔπειθʼ ἵλαος Ὀλύμπιος ἔσσεται ἡμῖν.","translation":"then at once the Olympian will be gracious to us.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l583.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκ","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσσεται","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ἔπειθ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσσεται","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἵλαος","lemma":"ἴλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"gracious"},{"surface":"Ὀλύμπιος","lemma":"Ὀλύμπιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἔσσεται","gloss":"Olympian"},{"surface":"ἔσσεται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"ἡμῖν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔσσεται","gloss":"to us"}]},{"number":584,"label":"584","id":"b1-l584","source":"ὣς ἄρʼ ἔφη καὶ ἀναΐξας δέπας ἀμφικύπελλον","translation":"So he spoke, and springing up, he set a two-handled cup","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l584.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφη","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔφη","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀναΐξας","lemma":"ἀναίσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τίθει","gloss":"springing up"},{"surface":"δέπας","lemma":"δέπας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τίθει","gloss":"cup","note":"δέπας ἀμφικύπελλον, \"double-handled cup,\" is the standard Homeric drinking vessel for the gods' feast; Hephaestus's gesture of filling it starts the wine-pouring that closes the book."},{"surface":"ἀμφικύπελλον","lemma":"ἀμφικύπελλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δέπας","gloss":"two-handled"}]},{"number":585,"label":"585","id":"b1-l585","source":"μητρὶ φίλῃ ἐν χειρὶ τίθει καί μιν προσέειπε·","translation":"in his own mother's hand, and spoke to her:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l585.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μητρὶ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τίθει","gloss":"mother's"},{"surface":"φίλῃ","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μητρὶ","gloss":"own dear"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χειρὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"τίθει","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke to"}]},{"number":586,"label":"586","id":"b1-l586","source":"τέτλαθι μῆτερ ἐμή, καὶ ἀνάσχεο κηδομένη περ,","translation":"\"Endure it, my mother, and bear up, grieved though you are,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l586.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τέτλαθι","lemma":"τλάω","morphology":"perfect active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"endure it","note":"τέτλαθι echoes the same root τλάω as ἔτλη (no one \"dared,\" line 534) and τέτληκας (\"have you dared,\" line 543) — daring and enduring share one verb across this whole stretch of Book 1."},{"surface":"μῆτερ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"ἐμή","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"vocative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μῆτερ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνάσχεο","lemma":"ἀνέχω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bear up"},{"surface":"κηδομένη","lemma":"κήδω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἀνάσχεο","gloss":"grieved"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"}]},{"number":587,"label":"587","id":"b1-l587","source":"μή σε φίλην περ ἐοῦσαν ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ἴδωμαι","translation":"lest I see you, dear as you are, before my eyes","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l587.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἴδωμαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"φίλην","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἐοῦσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifies σε","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμοῖσιν","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"my eyes"},{"surface":"ἴδωμαι","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"I see"}]},{"number":588,"label":"588","id":"b1-l588","source":"θεινομένην, τότε δʼ οὔ τι δυνήσομαι ἀχνύμενός περ","translation":"struck down; and then, grieved though I would be, I would not be able","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l588.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θεινομένην","lemma":"θείνω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"struck down"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δυνήσομαι","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to δυνήσομαι","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"δυνήσομαι","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"I would be able"},{"surface":"ἀχνύμενός","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"present passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δυνήσομαι","gloss":"grieved"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"}]},{"number":589,"label":"589","id":"b1-l589","source":"χραισμεῖν· ἀργαλέος γὰρ Ὀλύμπιος ἀντιφέρεσθαι·","translation":"to help you; for the Olympian is hard to stand against.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l589.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χραισμεῖν","lemma":"χραισμέω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of δυνήσομαι","gloss":"to help"},{"surface":"ἀργαλέος","lemma":"ἀργαλέος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Ὀλύμπιος","lemma":"Ὀλύμπιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"Olympian"},{"surface":"ἀντιφέρεσθαι","lemma":"ἀντιφέρω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial","gloss":"to stand against","note":"Hephaestus recounts his own hurling from Olympus (told fully in the next batch) as proof that Zeus cannot be resisted — grounds for Hera to yield now."}]},{"number":590,"label":"590","id":"b1-l590","source":"ἤδη γάρ με καὶ ἄλλοτʼ ἀλεξέμεναι μεμαῶτα","translation":"For once before, when I was eager to defend you,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l590.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"once before"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ῥῖψε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἄλλοτ","lemma":"ἄλλοτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μεμαῶτα","gloss":"another time"},{"surface":"ἀλεξέμεναι","lemma":"ἀλέξω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of μεμαῶτα","gloss":"to defend you"},{"surface":"μεμαῶτα","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"eager"}]},{"number":591,"label":"591","id":"b1-l591","source":"ῥῖψε ποδὸς τεταγὼν ἀπὸ βηλοῦ θεσπεσίοιο,","translation":"he seized me by the foot and hurled me from the divine threshold,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l591.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥῖψε","lemma":"ῥίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hurled me","note":"This continues Hephaestus's story begun in the previous batch: Zeus once threw him bodily from Olympus for taking Hera's side."},{"surface":"ποδὸς","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of τεταγὼν","gloss":"by the foot"},{"surface":"τεταγὼν","lemma":"τεταγών","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ῥῖψε","gloss":"seizing"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"βηλοῦ","lemma":"βηλός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"threshold"},{"surface":"θεσπεσίοιο","lemma":"θεσπέσιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies βηλοῦ","gloss":"divine"}]},{"number":592,"label":"592","id":"b1-l592","source":"πᾶν δʼ ἦμαρ φερόμην, ἅμα δʼ ἠελίῳ καταδύντι","translation":"and all day long I fell, and with the setting of the sun","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l592.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πᾶν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦμαρ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἦμαρ","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to φερόμην","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"φερόμην","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I fell"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἠελίῳ","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἅμα","gloss":"sun"},{"surface":"καταδύντι","lemma":"καταδύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"setting"}]},{"number":593,"label":"593","id":"b1-l593","source":"κάππεσον ἐν Λήμνῳ, ὀλίγος δʼ ἔτι θυμὸς ἐνῆεν·","translation":"I fell down on Lemnos, and little life was left in me.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l593.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κάππεσον","lemma":"καταπίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I fell down"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"Λήμνῳ","lemma":"Λῆμνος","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"Lemnos"},{"surface":"ὀλίγος","lemma":"ὀλίγος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμὸς","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐνῆεν","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐνῆεν","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"ἐνῆεν","lemma":"ἔνειμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was left"}]},{"number":594,"label":"594","id":"b1-l594","source":"ἔνθά με Σίντιες ἄνδρες ἄφαρ κομίσαντο πεσόντα.","translation":"There the Sintian men at once took me up as I fell.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l594.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθά","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κομίσαντο","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κομίσαντο","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"Σίντιες","lemma":"Σίντιες","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄνδρες","gloss":"Sintian","note":"The Sintians were the legendary early inhabitants of Lemnos, said to have invented ironworking — a fitting people to rescue and tend the smith-god after his fall."},{"surface":"ἄνδρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of κομίσαντο","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἄφαρ","lemma":"ἄφαρ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κομίσαντο","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"κομίσαντο","lemma":"κομίζω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took me up"},{"surface":"πεσόντα","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as I fell"}]},{"number":595,"label":"595","id":"b1-l595","source":"ὣς φάτο, μείδησεν δὲ θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη,","translation":"So he spoke, and the goddess white-armed Hera smiled,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l595.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"μείδησεν","lemma":"μειδάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"smiled"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"λευκώλενος","lemma":"λευκώλενος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"white-armed"},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":596,"label":"596","id":"b1-l596","source":"μειδήσασα δὲ παιδὸς ἐδέξατο χειρὶ κύπελλον·","translation":"and smiling, she took the cup from her son's hand.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l596.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μειδήσασα","lemma":"μειδάω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἐδέξατο","gloss":"smiling"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παιδὸς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐδέξατο","gloss":"son's"},{"surface":"ἐδέξατο","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"χειρὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐδέξατο","gloss":"from hand"},{"surface":"κύπελλον","lemma":"κύπελλον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐδέξατο","gloss":"cup"}]},{"number":597,"label":"597","id":"b1-l597","source":"αὐτὰρ ὃ τοῖς ἄλλοισι θεοῖς ἐνδέξια πᾶσιν","translation":"Then he, going to the right, poured for all the other gods","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l597.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of οἰνοχόει","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"τοῖς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine article","role":"modifies θεοῖς","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἄλλοισι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοῖς","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"θεοῖς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of οἰνοχόει","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"ἐνδέξια","lemma":"ἐνδέξιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to οἰνοχόει","gloss":"to the right","note":"ἐνδέξια, \"to the right,\" is the ritual direction for pouring wine around a company — Hephaestus serves the gods in proper ceremonial order, having just made peace between Zeus and Hera."},{"surface":"πᾶσιν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοῖς","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":598,"label":"598","id":"b1-l598","source":"οἰνοχόει γλυκὺ νέκταρ ἀπὸ κρητῆρος ἀφύσσων·","translation":"sweet nectar, drawing it from the mixing bowl;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l598.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἰνοχόει","lemma":"οἰνοχοέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured"},{"surface":"γλυκὺ","lemma":"γλυκύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies νέκταρ","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"νέκταρ","lemma":"νέκταρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀφύσσων","gloss":"nectar","note":"νέκταρ, the gods' own drink, is paired here with the ordinary verb of pouring wine (οἰνοχόει) — the poet treats the gods' feast as a divine mirror of a mortal banquet."},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"κρητῆρος","lemma":"κρατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπὸ","gloss":"mixing bowl"},{"surface":"ἀφύσσων","lemma":"ἀφύσσω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to οἰνοχόει","gloss":"drawing"}]},{"number":599,"label":"599","id":"b1-l599","source":"ἄσβεστος δʼ ἄρʼ ἐνῶρτο γέλως μακάρεσσι θεοῖσιν","translation":"and unquenchable laughter rose among the blessed gods","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l599.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἄσβεστος ... γέλως","title":"\"Unquenchable laughter\"","body":"ἄσβεστος γέλως, literally \"inextinguishable laughter,\" is one of Homer's most famous phrases — the gods' shared, helpless mirth at watching Hephaestus bustle through the hall. The adjective elsewhere describes fire that cannot be put out, so the laughter becomes a kind of blaze."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἄσβεστος","lemma":"ἄσβεστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies γέλως","gloss":"unquenchable","note":"ἄσβεστος γέλως, \"unquenchable laughter,\" is one of the Iliad's most famous phrases — the gods' carefree mirth at Hephaestus's lame bustling closes the book's mortal grief on a note of untroubled Olympian ease."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐνῶρτο","lemma":"ἐνόρνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"γέλως","lemma":"γέλως","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐνῶρτο","gloss":"laughter"},{"surface":"μακάρεσσι","lemma":"μάκαρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοῖσιν","gloss":"blessed"},{"surface":"θεοῖσιν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνῶρτο","gloss":"gods"}]},{"number":600,"label":"600","id":"b1-l600","source":"ὡς ἴδον Ἥφαιστον διὰ δώματα ποιπνύοντα.","translation":"as they saw Hephaestus bustling through the halls.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l600.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ἴδον","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"they saw"},{"surface":"Ἥφαιστον","lemma":"Ἥφαιστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἴδον","gloss":"Hephaestus"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"δώματα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of διὰ","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"ποιπνύοντα","lemma":"ποιπνύω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"bustling"}]},{"number":601,"label":"601","id":"b1-l601","source":"ὣς τότε μὲν πρόπαν ἦμαρ ἐς ἠέλιον καταδύντα","translation":"So then, the whole day long, until the sun went down,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l601.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δαίνυντ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δαίνυντ̓","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand","note":"This μέν has no answering δέ in the translation and simply marks the transition into the closing scene — the whole day's feast, matched by the night's sleep that follows."},{"surface":"πρόπαν","lemma":"πρόπας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦμαρ","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"ἦμαρ","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to δαίνυντ̓","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ἠέλιον","lemma":"ἥλιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐς","gloss":"sun"},{"surface":"καταδύντα","lemma":"καταδύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"went down"}]},{"number":602,"label":"602","id":"b1-l602","source":"δαίνυντʼ, οὐδέ τι θυμὸς ἐδεύετο δαιτὸς ἐΐσης,","translation":"they feasted, and no heart lacked its share of the fair-shared feast,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l602.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δαιτὸς ἐΐσης","title":"The \"fair-shared feast\"","body":"δαὶς ἐΐση, \"the equal feast,\" is a recurring Homeric formula for a banquet where every guest receives a fair portion. Its appearance here, right after the gods have made peace, underlines that harmony has been restored to the table."}],"words":[{"surface":"δαίνυντ","lemma":"δαίνυμι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they feasted"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐδεύετο","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐδεύετο","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐδεύετο","lemma":"δέω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lacked"},{"surface":"δαιτὸς","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of θ̓","gloss":"feast's"},{"surface":"ἐΐσης","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies δαιτὸς","gloss":"equally-shared","note":"The absent id b1-l602-w2 marks the elided οὐδέ (\"and no... \"), rendered in the translation as \"no heart lacked.\""}]},{"number":603,"label":"603","id":"b1-l603","source":"οὐ μὲν φόρμιγγος περικαλλέος ἣν ἔχʼ Ἀπόλλων,","translation":"nor of the beautiful lyre that Apollo held,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l603.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand","note":"This μέν pairs with the τε in the next line (\"nor of the lyre... nor of the Muses\"), listing two things the feast did not lack."},{"surface":"φόρμιγγος","lemma":"φόρμιγξ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of θ̓","gloss":"lyre"},{"surface":"περικαλλέος","lemma":"περικαλλής","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies φόρμιγγος","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"ἣν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἔχ̓","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ἔχ","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing φόρμιγγος","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔχ̓","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":604,"label":"604","id":"b1-l604","source":"Μουσάων θʼ αἳ ἄειδον ἀμειβόμεναι ὀπὶ καλῇ.","translation":"nor of the Muses, who sang in turn with beautiful voice.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l604.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μουσάων","lemma":"Μοῦσα","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of θ̓","gloss":"Muses"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"αἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἄειδον","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ἄειδον","lemma":"ἀείδω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Μουσάων","gloss":"sang"},{"surface":"ἀμειβόμεναι","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to ἄειδον","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"ὀπὶ","lemma":"ὄψ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμειβόμεναι","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"καλῇ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὀπὶ","gloss":"beautiful"}]},{"number":605,"label":"605","id":"b1-l605","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ κατέδυ λαμπρὸν φάος ἠελίοιο,","translation":"But when the bright light of the sun had set,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l605.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"κατέδυ","lemma":"καταδύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"had set"},{"surface":"λαμπρὸν","lemma":"λαμπρός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies φάος","gloss":"bright"},{"surface":"φάος","lemma":"φάος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of κατέδυ","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"ἠελίοιο","lemma":"ἥλιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies φάος","gloss":"of the sun"}]},{"number":606,"label":"606","id":"b1-l606","source":"οἳ μὲν κακκείοντες ἔβαν οἶκον δὲ ἕκαστος,","translation":"they went, each to his own house, to lie down and sleep,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l606.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔβαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand","note":"This μέν sets up an implicit contrast with the couple in line 609: the other gods went each to his own house, but Zeus went to his own bed with Hera."},{"surface":"κακκείοντες","lemma":"κατακείω","morphology":"future active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔβαν","gloss":"to lie down"},{"surface":"ἔβαν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"οἶκον","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔβαν","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἕκαστος","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":607,"label":"607","id":"b1-l607","source":"ἧχι ἑκάστῳ δῶμα περικλυτὸς ἀμφιγυήεις","translation":"where the renowned god, lame in both legs,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l607.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"περικλυτὸς ἀμφιγυήεις","title":"\"Lame in both legs\": a disputed epithet","body":"ἀμφιγυήεις is traditionally read as \"lame in both legs,\" from γυῖα, \"limbs,\" matching the fall from Olympus told at lines 590–594. Some scholars instead derive it from a root meaning \"strong-limbed,\" praising his craftsmanship rather than naming his lameness; we follow the traditional reading, since Homer elsewhere calls him lame outright, but the etymology is genuinely contested."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἧχι","lemma":"ἧχι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ποίησεν","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"ἑκάστῳ","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ποίησεν","gloss":"for each"},{"surface":"δῶμα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ποίησεν","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"περικλυτὸς","lemma":"περικλυτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥφαιστος","gloss":"renowned"},{"surface":"ἀμφιγυήεις","lemma":"ἀμφιγύεις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥφαιστος","gloss":"lame in both legs","note":"ἀμφιγυήεις, \"lame in both limbs,\" is Hephaestus's standing epithet — the poem names his disability in the same breath as his craftsmanship, framing the very houses of Olympus as his work."}]},{"number":608,"label":"608","id":"b1-l608","source":"Ἥφαιστος ποίησεν ἰδυίῃσι πραπίδεσσι·","translation":"Hephaestus, had built a house for each with cunning skill.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l608.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἥφαιστος","lemma":"Ἥφαιστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ποίησεν","gloss":"Hephaestus"},{"surface":"ποίησεν","lemma":"ποιέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing οἶκον","gloss":"had built"},{"surface":"ἰδυίῃσι","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active participle, dative plural feminine","role":"modifies πραπίδεσσι","gloss":"cunning"},{"surface":"πραπίδεσσι","lemma":"πραπίδες","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ποίησεν","gloss":"skill"}]},{"number":609,"label":"609","id":"b1-l609","source":"Ζεὺς δὲ πρὸς ὃν λέχος ἤϊʼ Ὀλύμπιος ἀστεροπητής,","translation":"But Zeus, the Olympian, lord of the lightning, went to his own bed,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l609.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤϊ̓","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies λέχος","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"λέχος","lemma":"λέχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"bed"},{"surface":"ἤϊ","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"Ὀλύμπιος","lemma":"Ὀλύμπιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ζεὺς","gloss":"Olympian"},{"surface":"ἀστεροπητής","lemma":"ἀστεροπητής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεὺς","gloss":"lord of the lightning"}]},{"number":610,"label":"610","id":"b1-l610","source":"ἔνθα πάρος κοιμᾶθʼ ὅτε μιν γλυκὺς ὕπνος ἱκάνοι·","translation":"where he had always slept before, whenever sweet sleep came upon him;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l610.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κοιμᾶθ̓","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κοιμᾶθ̓","gloss":"always before"},{"surface":"κοιμᾶθ","lemma":"κοιμάω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing λέχος","gloss":"he had slept"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἱκάνοι","gloss":"upon him"},{"surface":"γλυκὺς","lemma":"γλυκύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὕπνος","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"ὕπνος","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἱκάνοι","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"ἱκάνοι","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"came"}]},{"number":611,"label":"611","id":"b1-l611","source":"ἔνθα καθεῦδʼ ἀναβάς, παρὰ δὲ χρυσόθρονος Ἥρη.","translation":"there he went up and slept, and beside him, golden-throned Hera.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b1-l611.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"χρυσόθρονος Ἥρη","title":"Golden-throned Hera","body":"χρυσόθρονος, \"golden-throned,\" is a further standing epithet of Hera, distinct from βοῶπις πότνια, \"ox-eyed queenly\" (line 551), and λευκώλενος, \"white-armed\" (line 55). Locked here as \"golden-throned Hera\" for every recurrence; the book closes on this quiet domestic image, Zeus and Hera side by side in bed, with no comment added beyond what Homer gives."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καθεῦδ̓","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"καθεῦδ","lemma":"καθεύδω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slept"},{"surface":"ἀναβάς","lemma":"ἀναβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καθεῦδ̓","gloss":"went up"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χρυσόθρονος","lemma":"χρυσόθρονος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"golden-throned"},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Hera","note":"Book 1 closes on this quiet domestic image — the quarrel resolved, the feast done, the king and queen of the gods retiring to bed together, the storm on Olympus fully spent."}]}]}