{"work":{"slug":"iliad","title":{"source":"Ἰλιάς","translated":"The Iliad"},"author":"Homer","language":"Ancient Greek","languageCode":"grc","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad"},"unit":{"kind":"book","number":10,"id":"book-10","title":{"source":"Ἰλιάδος Κ","translated":"Book 10 — The Night Raid"},"section":"The Patrocleia","summary":"Odysseus and Diomedes go out by night, catch the Trojan spy Dolon, and kill the Thracian king Rhesus in his sleep.","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad/10","lines":579},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad/9","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad/11","license":"Source text: public domain (Homer, ancient; Greek per the Murray text via the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 3.0). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original line-aligned draft, pending editorial review. Word-by-word morphology and syntax derived from the Perseus Ancient Greek Dependency Treebank (CC BY-SA 3.0); English glosses and notes © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"b10-l1","source":"ἄλλοι μὲν παρὰ νηυσὶν ἀριστῆες Παναχαιῶν","translation":"The other princes of all the Achaeans, beside the ships,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀριστῆες","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἀριστῆες","lemma":"ἀριστεύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of εὗδον","gloss":"princes"},{"surface":"Παναχαιῶν","lemma":"Παναχαιοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀριστῆες","gloss":"all Achaeans"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"b10-l2","source":"εὗδον παννύχιοι μαλακῷ δεδμημένοι ὕπνῳ·","translation":"slept through the night, subdued by gentle sleep;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"δεδμημένοι","title":"Sleep as a conqueror","body":"δεδμημένοι is a perfect middle-passive participle: the princes lie in the completed state of having been subdued. Sleep acts upon warriors with the language of conquest."}],"words":[{"surface":"εὗδον","lemma":"εὕδω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slept"},{"surface":"παννύχιοι","lemma":"παννύχιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"all night"},{"surface":"μαλακῷ","lemma":"μαλακός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὕπνῳ","gloss":"gentle"},{"surface":"δεδμημένοι","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to εὗδον","gloss":"subdued"},{"surface":"ὕπνῳ","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δεδμημένοι","gloss":"sleep"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"b10-l3","source":"ἀλλʼ οὐκ Ἀτρεΐδην Ἀγαμέμνονα ποιμένα λαῶν","translation":"but sweet sleep did not hold Atreus' son Agamemnon, shepherd of the people,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδην","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνονα","gloss":"Atreus' son"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνονα","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Agamemnon"},{"surface":"ποιμένα","lemma":"ποιμήν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"shepherd"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ποιμένα","gloss":"people"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"b10-l4","source":"ὕπνος ἔχε γλυκερὸς πολλὰ φρεσὶν ὁρμαίνοντα.","translation":"as he turned over many things within his mind.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὕπνος","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔχε","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"ἔχε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"γλυκερὸς","lemma":"γλυκερός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὕπνος","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ὁρμαίνοντα","gloss":"many things"},{"surface":"φρεσὶν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"adverbial to ὁρμαίνοντα","gloss":"in his mind"},{"surface":"ὁρμαίνοντα","lemma":"ὁρμαίνω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"turning over"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"b10-l5","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἂν ἀστράπτῃ πόσις Ἥρης ἠϋκόμοιο","translation":"As when the husband of lovely-haired Hera flashes lightning,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ","title":"The simile opens","body":"The paired words ὡς and ὅτε open an extended comparison: Agamemnon's repeated groans will answer Zeus's repeated flashes. The weather image runs through line 10 before the comparison closes."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"ἀστράπτῃ","lemma":"ἀστράπτω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτ̓","gloss":"flashes lightning"},{"surface":"πόσις","lemma":"πόσις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀστράπτῃ","gloss":"husband"},{"surface":"Ἥρης","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies πόσις","gloss":"Hera"},{"surface":"ἠϋκόμοιο","lemma":"εὔκομος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρης","gloss":"lovely-haired"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"b10-l6","source":"τεύχων ἢ πολὺν ὄμβρον ἀθέσφατον ἠὲ χάλαζαν","translation":"making either a vast, unspeakable rain, or hail,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τεύχων","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀστράπτῃ","gloss":"making"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"πολὺν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄμβρον","gloss":"vast"},{"surface":"ὄμβρον","lemma":"ὄμβρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τεύχων","gloss":"rain"},{"surface":"ἀθέσφατον","lemma":"ἀθέσφατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄμβρον","gloss":"unspeakable"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἠέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"χάλαζαν","lemma":"χάλαζα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"hail"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"b10-l7","source":"ἢ νιφετόν, ὅτε πέρ τε χιὼν ἐπάλυνεν ἀρούρας,","translation":"or snowfall, whenever snow blankets the fields,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"νιφετόν","lemma":"νιφετός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"snowfall"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"πέρ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"as usual"},{"surface":"χιὼν","lemma":"χιών","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐπάλυνεν","gloss":"snow"},{"surface":"ἐπάλυνεν","lemma":"παλύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἠέ","gloss":"blanketed"},{"surface":"ἀρούρας","lemma":"ἄρουρα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπάλυνεν","gloss":"fields"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"b10-l8","source":"ἠέ ποθι πτολέμοιο μέγα στόμα πευκεδανοῖο,","translation":"or somewhere the great maw of bitter war,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l8.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πτολέμοιο μέγα στόμα","title":"The great maw of war","body":"Homer gives war a μέγα στόμα, a great mouth or maw. Zeus's lightning may announce weather, but it may also open war as something that consumes men."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἠέ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ποθι","lemma":"ποθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"somewhere"},{"surface":"πτολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies στόμα","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies στόμα","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"στόμα","lemma":"στόμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"maw"},{"surface":"πευκεδανοῖο","lemma":"πευκεδανός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πτολέμοιο","gloss":"bitter"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"b10-l9","source":"ὣς πυκίνʼ ἐν στήθεσσιν ἀνεστενάχιζʼ Ἀγαμέμνων","translation":"so Agamemnon groaned thick and fast within his breast,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνεστενάχιζ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"πυκίν","lemma":"πυκινός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀνεστενάχιζ̓","gloss":"thick and fast"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"στήθεσσιν","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"ἀνεστενάχιζ","lemma":"ἀναστεναχίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"groaned"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνεστενάχιζ̓","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"b10-l10","source":"νειόθεν ἐκ κραδίης, τρομέοντο δέ οἱ φρένες ἐντός.","translation":"from the depths of his heart, and the wits within him trembled.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νειόθεν","lemma":"νειόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνεστενάχιζ̓","gloss":"from the depths"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"κραδίης","lemma":"καρδία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies νειόθεν","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"τρομέοντο","lemma":"τρομέω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"trembled"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies φρένες","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"φρένες","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τρομέοντο","gloss":"wits"},{"surface":"ἐντός","lemma":"ἐντός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τρομέοντο","gloss":"within"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"b10-l11","source":"ἤτοι ὅτʼ ἐς πεδίον τὸ Τρωϊκὸν ἀθρήσειε,","translation":"Whenever he looked across the Trojan plain,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now indeed"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"πεδίον","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"plain"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter article","role":"modifies πεδίον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Τρωϊκὸν","lemma":"Τρωικός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πεδίον","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"ἀθρήσειε","lemma":"ἀθρέω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτ̓","gloss":"looked across"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"b10-l12","source":"θαύμαζεν πυρὰ πολλὰ τὰ καίετο Ἰλιόθι πρὸ","translation":"he marveled at the many fires burning before Ilion,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l12.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θαύμαζεν","lemma":"θαυμάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"marveled at"},{"surface":"πυρὰ","lemma":"πυρά","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"fires"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies πυρὰ","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of καίετο","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"καίετο","lemma":"καίω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing πυρὰ","gloss":"were burning"},{"surface":"Ἰλιόθι","lemma":"Ἰλιόθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πρὸ","gloss":"at Ilion"},{"surface":"πρὸ","lemma":"πρό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"b10-l13","source":"αὐλῶν συρίγγων τʼ ἐνοπὴν ὅμαδόν τʼ ἀνθρώπων.","translation":"at the din of pipes and flutes, and the clamor of men.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l13.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐλῶν","lemma":"αὐλός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐνοπὴν","gloss":"pipes"},{"surface":"συρίγγων","lemma":"σῦριγξ","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἐνοπὴν","gloss":"flutes"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνοπὴν","lemma":"ἐνοπή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"din"},{"surface":"ὅμαδόν","lemma":"ὅμαδος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"clamor"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὅμαδόν","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"b10-l14","source":"αὐτὰρ ὅτʼ ἐς νῆάς τε ἴδοι καὶ λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν,","translation":"But whenever he looked toward the ships and the Achaean host,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l14.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"νῆάς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴδοι","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτ̓","gloss":"looked"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λαὸν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"host"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies λαὸν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"b10-l15","source":"πολλὰς ἐκ κεφαλῆς προθελύμνους ἕλκετο χαίτας","translation":"he tore many locks from his head by the roots","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l15.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"προθελύμνους","title":"Torn up by the roots","body":"προθελύμνους means that the locks are pulled out from their very roots. The physical violence of Agamemnon's grief matches the extremity of the crisis he sees."}],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὰς","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χαίτας","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"κεφαλῆς","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"προθελύμνους","lemma":"προθέλυμνος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"by the roots"},{"surface":"ἕλκετο","lemma":"ἕλκω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tore"},{"surface":"χαίτας","lemma":"χαίτη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἕλκετο","gloss":"locks"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"b10-l16","source":"ὑψόθʼ ἐόντι Διί, μέγα δʼ ἔστενε κυδάλιμον κῆρ.","translation":"toward Zeus on high, and his noble heart groaned mightily.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l16.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὑψόθ","lemma":"ὑψόθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐόντι","gloss":"on high"},{"surface":"ἐόντι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"modifies Διί","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"Διί","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕλκετο","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔστενε","gloss":"mightily"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔστενε","lemma":"στένω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"groaned"},{"surface":"κυδάλιμον","lemma":"κυδάλιμος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῆρ","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"κῆρ","lemma":"κῆρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔστενε","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"b10-l17","source":"ἥδε δέ οἱ κατὰ θυμὸν ἀρίστη φαίνετο βουλὴ","translation":"And this seemed the best counsel to his spirit:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l17.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies θυμὸν","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"ἀρίστη","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies βουλὴ","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"φαίνετο","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"βουλὴ","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"counsel"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"b10-l18","source":"Νέστορʼ ἔπι πρῶτον Νηλήϊον ἐλθέμεν ἀνδρῶν,","translation":"to go first among men to Nestor, son of Neleus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l18.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Νέστορ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔπι","gloss":"Nestor","note":"The preposition follows its object in epic word order: Nestor ... to."},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πρῶτον","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"Νηλήϊον","lemma":"Νηλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Νέστοῤ","gloss":"son of Neleus"},{"surface":"ἐλθέμεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies πρῶτον","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"b10-l19","source":"εἴ τινά οἱ σὺν μῆτιν ἀμύμονα τεκτήναιτο,","translation":"in case together with him he might fashion some blameless plan","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l19.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τεκτήναιτο","title":"Counsel as craftsmanship","body":"τεκτήναιτο is an aorist middle optative from a verb of building or fashioning. Agamemnon hopes that he and Nestor might construct a plan as a craftsman constructs an object."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"in case"},{"surface":"τινά","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies μῆτιν","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"μῆτιν","lemma":"μῆτις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τεκτήναιτο","gloss":"plan"},{"surface":"ἀμύμονα","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μῆτιν","gloss":"blameless"},{"surface":"τεκτήναιτο","lemma":"τεκταίνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"might fashion"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"b10-l20","source":"ἥ τις ἀλεξίκακος πᾶσιν Δαναοῖσι γένοιτο.","translation":"that might ward off harm from all the Danaans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l20.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of γένοιτο","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies ἥ","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"ἀλεξίκακος","lemma":"ἀλεξίκακος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"warding off harm"},{"surface":"πᾶσιν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Δαναοῖσι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"Δαναοῖσι","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of γένοιτο","gloss":"Danaans"},{"surface":"γένοιτο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing μῆτιν","gloss":"might prove"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"b10-l21","source":"ὀρθωθεὶς δʼ ἔνδυνε περὶ στήθεσσι χιτῶνα,","translation":"He rose upright and drew a tunic around his chest,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l21.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀρθωθεὶς","lemma":"ὀρθόω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔνδυνε","gloss":"rising upright"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔνδυνε","lemma":"ἐνδύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put on"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"στήθεσσι","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"χιτῶνα","lemma":"χιτών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔνδυνε","gloss":"tunic"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"b10-l22","source":"ποσσὶ δʼ ὑπὸ λιπαροῖσιν ἐδήσατο καλὰ πέδιλα,","translation":"beneath his glistening feet he bound fair sandals,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l22.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ποσσὶ δʼ ὑπὸ λιπαροῖσιν","title":"An inherited dressing formula","body":"This whole Greek line is identical to Iliad 2.44, and its English repeats that accepted line exactly. Such fixed dressing lines are part of the poem's formulaic structure."}],"words":[{"surface":"ποσσὶ","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐδήσατο","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"λιπαροῖσιν","lemma":"λιπαρός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποσσὶ","gloss":"glistening"},{"surface":"ἐδήσατο","lemma":"δέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bound"},{"surface":"καλὰ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies πέδιλα","gloss":"fair"},{"surface":"πέδιλα","lemma":"πέδιλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐδήσατο","gloss":"sandals"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"b10-l23","source":"ἀμφὶ δʼ ἔπειτα δαφοινὸν ἑέσσατο δέρμα λέοντος","translation":"and then he put around him the reddish hide of a lion,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l23.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἑέσσατο","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δαφοινὸν","lemma":"δαφοινός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δέρμα","gloss":"reddish"},{"surface":"ἑέσσατο","lemma":"ἕννυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put on"},{"surface":"δέρμα","lemma":"δέρμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἑέσσατο","gloss":"hide"},{"surface":"λέοντος","lemma":"λέων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δέρμα","gloss":"lion"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"b10-l24","source":"αἴθωνος μεγάλοιο ποδηνεκές, εἵλετο δʼ ἔγχος.","translation":"of a great tawny beast, reaching to his feet, and he took his spear.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l24.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ποδηνεκές","title":"Reaching to the feet","body":"ποδηνεκές describes the lion skin's length: it hangs all the way down to Agamemnon's feet. The same full-length lion skin will recur as heroic night gear later in the book."}],"words":[{"surface":"αἴθωνος","lemma":"αἴθην","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λέοντος","gloss":"tawny"},{"surface":"μεγάλοιο","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λέοντος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ποδηνεκές","lemma":"ποδηνεκής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δέρμα","gloss":"reaching the feet"},{"surface":"εἵλετο","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἵλετο","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"b10-l25","source":"ὣς δʼ αὔτως Μενέλαον ἔχε τρόμος· οὐδὲ γὰρ αὐτῷ","translation":"And just so trembling held Menelaus, for upon his eyes as well","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l25.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχε","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὔτως","lemma":"αὔτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχε","gloss":"just so"},{"surface":"Μενέλαον","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχε","gloss":"Menelaus"},{"surface":"ἔχε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"τρόμος","lemma":"τρόμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔχε","gloss":"trembling"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐφίζανε","gloss":"him too"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"b10-l26","source":"ὕπνος ἐπὶ βλεφάροισιν ἐφίζανε· μή τι πάθοιεν","translation":"sleep would not settle, for fear the Argives might suffer harm,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l26.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὕπνος","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐφίζανε","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"βλεφάροισιν","lemma":"βλέφαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"eyelids"},{"surface":"ἐφίζανε","lemma":"ἐφιζάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"settled"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of πάθοιεν","gloss":"some harm"},{"surface":"πάθοιεν","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to μή","gloss":"might suffer"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"b10-l27","source":"Ἀργεῖοι, τοὶ δὴ ἕθεν εἵνεκα πουλὺν ἐφʼ ὑγρὴν","translation":"who for his sake had come far across the sea","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l27.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργεῖοι","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of πάθοιεν","gloss":"Argives"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἤλυθον","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἕθεν","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἵνεκα","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"εἵνεκα","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for the sake"},{"surface":"πουλὺν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὑγρὴν","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"ἐφ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"across","note":"The preposition is separated from its object across the line break: across the sea."},{"surface":"ὑγρὴν","lemma":"ὑγρός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐφ̓","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"b10-l28","source":"ἤλυθον ἐς Τροίην πόλεμον θρασὺν ὁρμαίνοντες.","translation":"to Troy, intent upon bold war.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l28.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤλυθον","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἀργεῖοι","gloss":"had come"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Τροίην","lemma":"Τροία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"πόλεμον","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὁρμαίνοντες","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"θρασὺν","lemma":"θρασύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόλεμον","gloss":"bold"},{"surface":"ὁρμαίνοντες","lemma":"ὁρμαίνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤλυθον","gloss":"intent upon"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"b10-l29","source":"παρδαλέῃ μὲν πρῶτα μετάφρενον εὐρὺ κάλυψε","translation":"First he covered his broad back with a spotted","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l29.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παρδαλέῃ","lemma":"παρδαλέη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κάλυψε","gloss":"panther skin"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πρῶτα","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to κάλυψε","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"μετάφρενον","lemma":"μετάφρενον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κάλυψε","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"εὐρὺ","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μετάφρενον","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"κάλυψε","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"covered"}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"b10-l30","source":"ποικίλῃ, αὐτὰρ ἐπὶ στεφάνην κεφαλῆφιν ἀείρας","translation":"panther skin; then he raised a bronze helmet","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l30.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ποικίλῃ","lemma":"ποικίλος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies παρδαλέῃ","gloss":"spotted"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"στεφάνην","lemma":"στεφάνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of θήκατο","gloss":"helmet"},{"surface":"κεφαλῆφιν","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"genitive feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"ἀείρας","lemma":"ἀείρω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to θήκατο","gloss":"lifting"}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"b10-l31","source":"θήκατο χαλκείην, δόρυ δʼ εἵλετο χειρὶ παχείῃ.","translation":"and set it on his head, and took a spear in his strong hand.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l31.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θήκατο","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"χαλκείην","lemma":"χάλκειος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies στεφάνην","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"δόρυ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative neuter noun","role":"object of εἵλετο","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἵλετο","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"χειρὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to εἵλετο","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"παχείῃ","lemma":"παχύς","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χειρὶ","gloss":"strong"}]},{"number":32,"label":"32","id":"b10-l32","source":"βῆ δʼ ἴμεν ἀνστήσων ὃν ἀδελφεόν, ὃς μέγα πάντων","translation":"He went to rouse his own brother, who ruled greatly over all","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l32.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set out"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴμεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of βῆ","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"ἀνστήσων","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"future active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"to rouse"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀδελφεόν","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"ἀδελφεόν","lemma":"ἀδελφός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνστήσων","gloss":"brother"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἤνασσε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἤνασσε","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀργείων","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":33,"label":"33","id":"b10-l33","source":"Ἀργείων ἤνασσε, θεὸς δʼ ὣς τίετο δήμῳ.","translation":"the Argives, and was honored like a god among his people.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l33.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τίετο","title":"Honor received","body":"τίετο is imperfect passive: Agamemnon was continually honored among his people. The comparison to a god describes the standing regard he received, not divinity."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργείων","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἤνασσε","gloss":"Argives"},{"surface":"ἤνασσε","lemma":"ἀνάσσω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"ruled"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"τίετο","lemma":"τίω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"was honored"},{"surface":"δήμῳ","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τίετο","gloss":"people"}]},{"number":34,"label":"34","id":"b10-l34","source":"τὸν δʼ εὗρʼ ἀμφʼ ὤμοισι τιθήμενον ἔντεα καλὰ","translation":"He found him putting his fair armor about his shoulders","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l34.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εὗῤ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὗρ","lemma":"εὑρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"ὤμοισι","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφ̓","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"τιθήμενον","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"putting"},{"surface":"ἔντεα","lemma":"ἔντεα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τιθήμενον","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"καλὰ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔντεα","gloss":"fair"}]},{"number":35,"label":"35","id":"b10-l35","source":"νηῒ πάρα πρύμνῃ· τῷ δʼ ἀσπάσιος γένετʼ ἐλθών.","translation":"beside the stern of his ship; and Menelaus's coming was welcome to him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l35.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηῒ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies πρύμνῃ","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"πάρα","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside","note":"Postpositive preposition: beside the stern of his ship."},{"surface":"πρύμνῃ","lemma":"πρύμνα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to πάρα","gloss":"stern"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of γένετ̓","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀσπάσιος","lemma":"ἀσπάσιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"welcome"},{"surface":"γένετ","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ἐλθών","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to γένετ̓","gloss":"his coming"}]},{"number":36,"label":"36","id":"b10-l36","source":"τὸν πρότερος προσέειπε βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Μενέλαος·","translation":"Menelaus, good at the war-cry, spoke to him first:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l36.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"πρότερος","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"βοὴν","lemma":"βοή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀγαθὸς","gloss":"war-cry"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὸς","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενέλαος","gloss":"good at"},{"surface":"Μενέλαος","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπε","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":37,"label":"37","id":"b10-l37","source":"τίφθʼ οὕτως ἠθεῖε κορύσσεαι; ἦ τινʼ ἑταίρων","translation":"\"Why are you arming yourself so, dear brother? Will you urge","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l37.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τίφθ","lemma":"τίπτε","morphology":"pronoun","role":"adverbial to κορύσσεαι","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"οὕτως","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κορύσσεαι","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"ἠθεῖε","lemma":"ἠθεῖος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"dear brother"},{"surface":"κορύσσεαι","lemma":"κορύσσω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"arm yourself"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"τιν","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὀτρυνέεις","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ἑταίρων","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τιν̓","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":38,"label":"38","id":"b10-l38","source":"ὀτρυνέεις Τρώεσσιν ἐπίσκοπον; ἀλλὰ μάλʼ αἰνῶς","translation":"one of our companions to spy upon the Trojans? But terribly","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l38.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀτρυνέεις","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"future active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will you urge"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσιν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐπίσκοπον","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ἐπίσκοπον","lemma":"ἐπίσκοπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as a spy"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"αἰνῶς","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δείδω","gloss":"terribly"}]},{"number":39,"label":"39","id":"b10-l39","source":"δείδω μὴ οὔ τίς τοι ὑπόσχηται τόδε ἔργον","translation":"I fear that no one will undertake this deed for you,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l39.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δείδω","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I fear"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὑπόσχηται","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ὑπόσχηται","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"ὑπόσχηται","lemma":"ὑπισχνέομαι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of μὴ","gloss":"undertake"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἔργον","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἔργον","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"deed"}]},{"number":40,"label":"40","id":"b10-l40","source":"ἄνδρας δυσμενέας σκοπιαζέμεν οἶος ἐπελθὼν","translation":"to go alone and spy upon our enemy men","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l40.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄνδρας","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of σκοπιαζέμεν","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"δυσμενέας","lemma":"δυσμενής","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνδρας","gloss":"enemy"},{"surface":"σκοπιαζέμεν","lemma":"σκοπιάζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object","gloss":"to spy upon"},{"surface":"οἶος","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"ἐπελθὼν","lemma":"ἐπέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to σκοπιαζέμεν","gloss":"going among"}]},{"number":41,"label":"41","id":"b10-l41","source":"νύκτα διʼ ἀμβροσίην· μάλα τις θρασυκάρδιος ἔσται.","translation":"through the immortal night. He must be a very boldhearted man.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l41.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θρασυκάρδιος","title":"Bold at heart","body":"θρασυκάρδιος joins θρασύς, bold or daring, to καρδία, heart. The compound measures the extreme courage required to enter an enemy camp alone at night."}],"words":[{"surface":"νύκτα","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δἰ","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"δι","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ἀμβροσίην","lemma":"ἀμβρόσιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νύκτα","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔσται","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"θρασυκάρδιος","lemma":"θρασυκάρδιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"boldhearted"},{"surface":"ἔσται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"must be"}]},{"number":42,"label":"42","id":"b10-l42","source":"τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων·","translation":"Then the lord Agamemnon answered him and said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l42.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"κρείων","lemma":"κρείων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":43,"label":"43","id":"b10-l43","source":"χρεὼ βουλῆς ἐμὲ καὶ σὲ διοτρεφὲς ὦ Μενέλαε","translation":"\"Zeus-nurtured Menelaus, you and I have need of shrewd","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l43.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"διοτρεφὲς","title":"Zeus-nurtured","body":"διοτρεφής calls a king nurtured by Zeus, grounding royal standing in divine favor. It is a genuine epithet here and does not replace Menelaus's distinct formula, good at the war-cry."}],"words":[{"surface":"χρεὼ","lemma":"χρεώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"need"},{"surface":"βουλῆς","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies χρεὼ","gloss":"counsel"},{"surface":"ἐμὲ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σὲ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"διοτρεφὲς","lemma":"διοτρεφής","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενέλαε","gloss":"Zeus-nurtured"},{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"Μενέλαε","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":44,"label":"44","id":"b10-l44","source":"κερδαλέης, ἥ τίς κεν ἐρύσσεται ἠδὲ σαώσει","translation":"counsel, some plan that might shield and save","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l44.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κερδαλέης","lemma":"κερδαλέος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies βουλῆς","gloss":"shrewd"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἠδὲ","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies ἥ","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"might"},{"surface":"ἐρύσσεται","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδὲ","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σαώσει","lemma":"σώζω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδὲ","gloss":"save"}]},{"number":45,"label":"45","id":"b10-l45","source":"Ἀργείους καὶ νῆας, ἐπεὶ Διὸς ἐτράπετο φρήν.","translation":"the Argives and their ships, since the mind of Zeus has turned.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l45.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργείους","lemma":"ἀργει~ος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Argives"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies φρήν","gloss":"Zeus'"},{"surface":"ἐτράπετο","lemma":"τρέπω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"has turned"},{"surface":"φρήν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐτράπετο","gloss":"mind"}]},{"number":46,"label":"46","id":"b10-l46","source":"Ἑκτορέοις ἄρα μᾶλλον ἐπὶ φρένα θῆχʼ ἱεροῖσιν·","translation":"It seems he has set his heart more upon Hector's sacrifices.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l46.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Ἑκτορέοις ἄρα μᾶλλον ἐπὶ φρένα θῆχʼ ἱεροῖσιν","title":"Hector's sacrifices","body":"The dative words Ἑκτορέοις and ἱεροῖσιν mean Hector's sacred offerings or sacrifices. Zeus is the unstated subject who has turned his attention toward them."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἑκτορέοις","lemma":"Ἑκτόρεος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἱεροῖσιν","gloss":"Hector's"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μᾶλλον","lemma":"μᾶλλον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θῆχ̓","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"φρένα","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of θῆχ̓","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"θῆχ","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has set"},{"surface":"ἱεροῖσιν","lemma":"ἱερόν","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of θῆχ̓","gloss":"sacrifices"}]},{"number":47,"label":"47","id":"b10-l47","source":"οὐ γάρ πω ἰδόμην, οὐδʼ ἔκλυον αὐδήσαντος","translation":"For never yet have I seen, nor heard from any speaking man,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l47.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πω","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"ἰδόμην","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have seen"},{"surface":"ἔκλυον","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have heard","note":"The object heard is supplied by the following participle: heard from a man speaking."},{"surface":"αὐδήσαντος","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"aorist active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"object of ἔκλυον","gloss":"speaking"}]},{"number":48,"label":"48","id":"b10-l48","source":"ἄνδρʼ ἕνα τοσσάδε μέρμερʼ ἐπʼ ἤματι μητίσασθαι,","translation":"that one man devised so many grievous deeds in one day","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l48.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄνδρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μητίσασθαι","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἕνα","lemma":"εἵς","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ἄνδῤ","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"τοσσάδε","lemma":"τοσόσδε","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"modifies μέρμεῤ","gloss":"so many"},{"surface":"μέρμερ","lemma":"μέρμερος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μητίσασθαι","gloss":"grievous deeds"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἤματι","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπ̓","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"μητίσασθαι","lemma":"μητίομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"to devise"}]},{"number":49,"label":"49","id":"b10-l49","source":"ὅσσʼ Ἕκτωρ ἔρρεξε Διῒ φίλος υἷας Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"as Hector, dear to Zeus, has wrought against the sons of the Achaeans,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l49.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅσσ","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔρρεξε","gloss":"as many as"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔρρεξε","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"ἔρρεξε","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing μέρμεῤ","gloss":"has wrought"},{"surface":"Διῒ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies φίλος","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"dear to"},{"surface":"υἷας","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔρρεξε","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies υἷας","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":50,"label":"50","id":"b10-l50","source":"αὔτως, οὔτε θεᾶς υἱὸς φίλος οὔτε θεοῖο.","translation":"on his own, though he is the dear son of neither goddess nor god.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l50.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὔτως","lemma":"αὔτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔρρεξε","gloss":"on his own","note":"Modifies a verb outside this excerpt (e.g. 'he acted'); roughly 'all on his own, unaided.'"},{"surface":"οὔτε","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"θεᾶς","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of a goddess"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"οὔτε","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"θεοῖο","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"of a god"}]},{"number":51,"label":"51","id":"b10-l51","source":"ἔργα δʼ ἔρεξʼ ὅσα φημὶ μελησέμεν Ἀργείοισι","translation":"He has done deeds that I say will weigh upon the Argives","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l51.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔρεξ̓","gloss":"deeds"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔρεξ","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he wrought"},{"surface":"ὅσα","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of μελησέμεν","gloss":"as many as"},{"surface":"φημὶ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἔργα","gloss":"I say"},{"surface":"μελησέμεν","lemma":"μέλω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of φημὶ","gloss":"will weigh upon"},{"surface":"Ἀργείοισι","lemma":"ἀργει~ος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μελησέμεν","gloss":"Argives"}]},{"number":52,"label":"52","id":"b10-l52","source":"δηθά τε καὶ δολιχόν· τόσα γὰρ κακὰ μήσατʼ Ἀχαιούς.","translation":"for a long, long time, such evils has he devised against the Achaeans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l52.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δηθά","lemma":"δηθά","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δολιχόν","lemma":"δολιχός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"protracted"},{"surface":"τόσα","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κακὰ","gloss":"so many"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μήσατ̓","gloss":"evils"},{"surface":"μήσατ","lemma":"μήδομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"devised"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μήσατ̓","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":53,"label":"53","id":"b10-l53","source":"ἀλλʼ ἴθι νῦν Αἴαντα καὶ Ἰδομενῆα κάλεσσον","translation":"But go now and call Ajax, son of Telamon, and Idomeneus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l53.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἴθι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴθι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Αἴαντα","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἰδομενῆα","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Idomeneus"},{"surface":"κάλεσσον","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"call"}]},{"number":54,"label":"54","id":"b10-l54","source":"ῥίμφα θέων παρὰ νῆας· ἐγὼ δʼ ἐπὶ Νέστορα δῖον","translation":"running swiftly along the ships; I will go to godlike Nestor","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l54.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥίμφα","lemma":"ῥίμφα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θέων","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"θέων","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κάλεσσον","gloss":"running"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of παρὰ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Νέστορα","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"Nestor"},{"surface":"δῖον","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Νέστορα","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":55,"label":"55","id":"b10-l55","source":"εἶμι, καὶ ὀτρυνέω ἀνστήμεναι, αἴ κʼ ἐθέλῃσιν","translation":"and urge him to rise, in case he is willing","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l55.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἶμι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will go"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀτρυνέω","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urge"},{"surface":"ἀνστήμεναι","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ὀτρυνέω","gloss":"to rise"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"in case"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"ἐθέλῃσιν","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"he is willing"}]},{"number":56,"label":"56","id":"b10-l56","source":"ἐλθεῖν ἐς φυλάκων ἱερὸν τέλος ἠδʼ ἐπιτεῖλαι.","translation":"to go among the sacred company of guards and give them orders.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l56.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"φυλάκων ἱερὸν τέλος","title":"The guards as a company","body":"τέλος here is an organized body or company, not an ending. Calling the watch ἱερόν, sacred, lends formal dignity to the group entrusted with the army's safety."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐλθεῖν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἠδ̓","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"φυλάκων","lemma":"φύλαξ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τέλος","gloss":"guards"},{"surface":"ἱερὸν","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέλος","gloss":"sacred"},{"surface":"τέλος","lemma":"τέλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"company"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπιτεῖλαι","lemma":"ἐπιτέλλω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἠδ̓","gloss":"to instruct"}]},{"number":57,"label":"57","id":"b10-l57","source":"κείνῳ γάρ κε μάλιστα πιθοίατο· τοῖο γὰρ υἱὸς","translation":"For they would obey him most of all; his own son","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l57.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κείνῳ","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of πιθοίατο","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πιθοίατο","gloss":"most of all"},{"surface":"πιθοίατο","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"obey"},{"surface":"τοῖο","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":58,"label":"58","id":"b10-l58","source":"σημαίνει φυλάκεσσι καὶ Ἰδομενῆος ὀπάων","translation":"commands the guards, and Idomeneus's companion,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l58.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σημαίνει","lemma":"σημαίνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"commands"},{"surface":"φυλάκεσσι","lemma":"φύλαξ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of σημαίνει","gloss":"guards"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἰδομενῆος","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὀπάων","gloss":"Idomeneus'"},{"surface":"ὀπάων","lemma":"ὀπάων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"companion"}]},{"number":59,"label":"59","id":"b10-l59","source":"Μηριόνης· τοῖσιν γὰρ ἐπετράπομέν γε μάλιστα.","translation":"Meriones; for to them above all we entrusted this.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l59.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μηριόνης","lemma":"Μηριόνης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Meriones"},{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπετράπομέν","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐπετράπομέν","lemma":"ἐπιτρέπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we entrusted"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπετράπομέν","gloss":"most of all"}]},{"number":60,"label":"60","id":"b10-l60","source":"τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Μενέλαος·","translation":"Then Menelaus, good at the war-cry, answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l60.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"βοὴν","lemma":"βοή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀγαθὸς","gloss":"war-cry"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὸς","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενέλαος","gloss":"good at"},{"surface":"Μενέλαος","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":61,"label":"61","id":"b10-l61","source":"πῶς γάρ μοι μύθῳ ἐπιτέλλεαι ἠδὲ κελεύεις;","translation":"\"What order do you lay upon me and command?","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l61.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πῶς","lemma":"πῶς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"μύθῳ","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"with instructions"},{"surface":"ἐπιτέλλεαι","lemma":"ἐπιτέλλω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do you command"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κελεύεις","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"order"}]},{"number":62,"label":"62","id":"b10-l62","source":"αὖθι μένω μετὰ τοῖσι δεδεγμένος εἰς ὅ κεν ἔλθῃς,","translation":"Am I to stay there among them, waiting until you come,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l62.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὖθι","lemma":"αὖθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of μένω","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"μένω","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall I stay"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δεδεγμένος","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μένω","gloss":"waiting"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔλθῃς","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"ἔλθῃς","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"you come"}]},{"number":63,"label":"63","id":"b10-l63","source":"ἦε θέω μετὰ σʼ αὖτις, ἐπὴν εὖ τοῖς ἐπιτείλω;","translation":"or run back after you when I have given them their orders well?\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l63.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦε","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"θέω","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall I run"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θέω","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ἐπὴν","lemma":"ἐπήν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπιτείλω","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"τοῖς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπιτείλω","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ἐπιτείλω","lemma":"ἐπιτέλλω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπὴν","gloss":"I instruct"}]},{"number":64,"label":"64","id":"b10-l64","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων,","translation":"Then Agamemnon, lord of men, addressed him in turn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l64.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"προσέειπεν","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄναξ","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπεν","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":65,"label":"65","id":"b10-l65","source":"αὖθι μένειν, μή πως ἀβροτάξομεν ἀλλήλοιιν","translation":"\"Stay there, lest somehow we two miss one another","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l65.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἀβροτάξομεν ἀλλήλοιιν","title":"The two brothers","body":"ἀλλήλοιιν, one another, is a dual form. Greek marks Agamemnon and Menelaus as an exact pair whose separate paths might cross unseen."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὖθι","lemma":"αὖθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of μένειν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"μένειν","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"stay"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"πως","lemma":"πως","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"ἀβροτάξομεν","lemma":"ἀβροτάζω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to μή","gloss":"we miss"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλοιιν","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"dative dual masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀβροτάξομεν","gloss":"each other"}]},{"number":66,"label":"66","id":"b10-l66","source":"ἐρχομένω· πολλαὶ γὰρ ἀνὰ στρατόν εἰσι κέλευθοι.","translation":"as we go; for many are the paths throughout the camp.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l66.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐρχομένω","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀβροτάξομεν","gloss":"while going"},{"surface":"πολλαὶ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies κέλευθοι","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"στρατόν","lemma":"στρατός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνὰ","gloss":"camp"},{"surface":"εἰσι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there are"},{"surface":"κέλευθοι","lemma":"κέλευθος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of εἰσι","gloss":"paths"}]},{"number":67,"label":"67","id":"b10-l67","source":"φθέγγεο δʼ ᾗ κεν ἴῃσθα καὶ ἐγρήγορθαι ἄνωχθι","translation":"Call out wherever you go, and bid them keep awake,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l67.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φθέγγεο","lemma":"φθέγγομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"call out"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ᾗ","lemma":"ᾗ","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἴῃσθα","gloss":"wherever"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"ἴῃσθα","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to φθέγγεο","gloss":"you go"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐγρήγορθαι","lemma":"ἐγείρω","morphology":"perfect passive infinitive","role":"object of ἄνωχθι","gloss":"to stay awake"},{"surface":"ἄνωχθι","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"perfect active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"command"}]},{"number":68,"label":"68","id":"b10-l68","source":"πατρόθεν ἐκ γενεῆς ὀνομάζων ἄνδρα ἕκαστον","translation":"naming him by his father's line and by his lineage,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l68.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πατρόθεν","lemma":"πατρόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀνομάζων","gloss":"by his father"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"γενεῆς","lemma":"γενεά","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"lineage"},{"surface":"ὀνομάζων","lemma":"ὀνομάζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἄνωχθι","gloss":"naming"},{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀνομάζων","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἕκαστον","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνδρα","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":69,"label":"69","id":"b10-l69","source":"πάντας κυδαίνων· μηδὲ μεγαλίζεο θυμῷ,","translation":"honoring them all; do not be proud in your heart,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l69.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"μεγαλίζεο","title":"A middle command","body":"μεγαλίζεο is a present middle imperative: Menelaus is told not to make himself great or behave proudly. The command checks royal self-importance during a shared emergency."}],"words":[{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of κυδαίνων","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"κυδαίνων","lemma":"κυδαίνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἄνωχθι","gloss":"honoring"},{"surface":"μεγαλίζεο","lemma":"μεγαλίζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"be proud"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μεγαλίζεο","gloss":"in spirit"}]},{"number":70,"label":"70","id":"b10-l70","source":"ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτοί περ πονεώμεθα· ὧδέ που ἄμμι","translation":"but let us labor ourselves as well; for so it was upon us","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l70.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"αὐτοί","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"ourselves"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"πονεώμεθα","lemma":"πονέω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us labor"},{"surface":"ὧδέ","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵει","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"ἄμμι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"upon us"}]},{"number":71,"label":"71","id":"b10-l71","source":"Ζεὺς ἐπὶ γιγνομένοισιν ἵει κακότητα βαρεῖαν.","translation":"that Zeus laid heavy hardship from the hour of our birth.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l71.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐπὶ γιγνομένοισιν","title":"A burden laid at birth","body":"The participle γιγνομένοισιν points to the brothers as they were being born. Agamemnon presents their labor not as a momentary duty but as a burden Zeus assigned with their very lives."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἵει","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"γιγνομένοισιν","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"our birth"},{"surface":"ἵει","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"laid"},{"surface":"κακότητα","lemma":"κακότης","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἵει","gloss":"hardship"},{"surface":"βαρεῖαν","lemma":"βαρύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κακότητα","gloss":"heavy"}]},{"number":72,"label":"72","id":"b10-l72","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν ἀπέπεμπεν ἀδελφεὸν εὖ ἐπιτείλας·","translation":"So he spoke and sent his brother away, giving him good instructions;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l72.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπέπεμπεν","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"ἀπέπεμπεν","lemma":"ἀποπέμπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent away"},{"surface":"ἀδελφεὸν","lemma":"ἀδελφός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπέπεμπεν","gloss":"brother"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπιτείλας","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"ἐπιτείλας","lemma":"ἐπιτέλλω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπέπεμπεν","gloss":"instructing"}]},{"number":73,"label":"73","id":"b10-l73","source":"αὐτὰρ ὃ βῆ ῥʼ ἰέναι μετὰ Νέστορα ποιμένα λαῶν·","translation":"and he went on to Nestor, shepherd of the people.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l73.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βῆ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set out"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἰέναι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of βῆ","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"Νέστορα","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"Nestor"},{"surface":"ποιμένα","lemma":"ποιμήν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Νέστορα","gloss":"shepherd"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ποιμένα","gloss":"people"}]},{"number":74,"label":"74","id":"b10-l74","source":"τὸν δʼ εὗρεν παρά τε κλισίῃ καὶ νηῒ μελαίνῃ","translation":"He found him beside his hut and black ship,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l74.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εὗρεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὗρεν","lemma":"εὑρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"παρά","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κλισίῃ","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"hut"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νηῒ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"μελαίνῃ","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῒ","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":75,"label":"75","id":"b10-l75","source":"εὐνῇ ἔνι μαλακῇ· παρὰ δʼ ἔντεα ποικίλʼ ἔκειτο","translation":"in a soft bed; and beside him his richly wrought armor lay:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l75.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὐνῇ","lemma":"εὐνή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔνι","gloss":"bed"},{"surface":"ἔνι","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μαλακῇ","lemma":"μαλακός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies εὐνῇ","gloss":"soft"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔντεα","lemma":"ἔντεα","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ποικίλ","lemma":"ποικίλος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔντεα","gloss":"richly wrought"},{"surface":"ἔκειτο","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay"}]},{"number":76,"label":"76","id":"b10-l76","source":"ἀσπὶς καὶ δύο δοῦρε φαεινή τε τρυφάλεια.","translation":"his shield and two spears and shining helmet.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l76.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀσπὶς","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δύο","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies δοῦρε","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"δοῦρε","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"nominative dual neuter noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"spears"},{"surface":"φαεινή","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies τρυφάλεια","gloss":"shining"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τρυφάλεια","lemma":"τρυφάλεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"helmet"}]},{"number":77,"label":"77","id":"b10-l77","source":"πὰρ δὲ ζωστὴρ κεῖτο παναίολος, ᾧ ῥʼ ὁ γεραιὸς","translation":"Beside him lay the gleaming belt with which the old man","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l77.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ζωστὴρ κεῖτο παναίολος","title":"The gleaming war-belt","body":"The ζωστήρ is the outer war-belt worn with armor, here modified by παναίολος, gleaming all over. It is kept distinct from the corselet and the inner belly guards named elsewhere in battle scenes."}],"words":[{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ζωστὴρ","lemma":"ζωστήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κεῖτο","gloss":"belt"},{"surface":"κεῖτο","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"παναίολος","lemma":"παναίολος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ζωστὴρ","gloss":"gleaming"},{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ζώννυθ̓","gloss":"with which"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies γεραιὸς","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"γεραιὸς","lemma":"γεραιός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ζώννυθ̓","gloss":"old man"}]},{"number":78,"label":"78","id":"b10-l78","source":"ζώννυθʼ ὅτʼ ἐς πόλεμον φθισήνορα θωρήσσοιτο","translation":"would gird himself whenever he armed for man-destroying war","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l78.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πόλεμον φθισήνορα","title":"War that destroys men","body":"φθισήνωρ makes war itself the destroyer of men, joining a wasting or perishing root to ἀνήρ, man. The compound is concrete and deadly rather than a generic description of danger."}],"words":[{"surface":"ζώννυθ","lemma":"ζώννυμι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ζωστὴρ","gloss":"would gird himself"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πόλεμον","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐς","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"φθισήνορα","lemma":"φθισήνωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόλεμον","gloss":"man-destroying"},{"surface":"θωρήσσοιτο","lemma":"θωρήσσω","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτ̓","gloss":"armed"}]},{"number":79,"label":"79","id":"b10-l79","source":"λαὸν ἄγων, ἐπεὶ οὐ μὲν ἐπέτρεπε γήραϊ λυγρῷ.","translation":"and led his people, since he did not yield to grievous age.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l79.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λαὸν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄγων","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"ἄγων","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to θωρήσσοιτο","gloss":"leading"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐπέτρεπε","lemma":"ἐπιτρέπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"yield"},{"surface":"γήραϊ","lemma":"γῆρας","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπέτρεπε","gloss":"age"},{"surface":"λυγρῷ","lemma":"λυγρός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies γήραϊ","gloss":"grievous"}]},{"number":80,"label":"80","id":"b10-l80","source":"ὀρθωθεὶς δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπʼ ἀγκῶνος κεφαλὴν ἐπαείρας","translation":"Rising upon his elbow and lifting his head,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l80.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀρθωθεὶς","lemma":"ὀρθόω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέειπε","gloss":"rising"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ἀγκῶνος","lemma":"ἀγκών","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"elbow"},{"surface":"κεφαλὴν","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπαείρας","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"ἐπαείρας","lemma":"ἐπαίρω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέειπε","gloss":"lifting"}]},{"number":81,"label":"81","id":"b10-l81","source":"Ἀτρεΐδην προσέειπε καὶ ἐξερεείνετο μύθῳ·","translation":"he addressed the son of Atreus and questioned him:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l81.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδην","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Atreus' son"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξερεείνετο","lemma":"ἐξερεείνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"questioned"},{"surface":"μύθῳ","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐξερεείνετο","gloss":"with words"}]},{"number":82,"label":"82","id":"b10-l82","source":"τίς δʼ οὗτος κατὰ νῆας ἀνὰ στρατὸν ἔρχεαι οἶος","translation":"\"Who are you, walking alone through the camp beside the ships","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l82.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies οὗτος","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οὗτος","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"you there"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"στρατὸν","lemma":"στρατός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνὰ","gloss":"camp"},{"surface":"ἔρχεαι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"walk"},{"surface":"οἶος","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"}]},{"number":83,"label":"83","id":"b10-l83","source":"νύκτα διʼ ὀρφναίην, ὅτε θʼ εὕδουσι βροτοὶ ἄλλοι,","translation":"through the dark night, when other mortals sleep?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l83.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νύκτα","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δἰ","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"δι","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ὀρφναίην","lemma":"ὀρφναῖος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νύκτα","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"as usual"},{"surface":"εὕδουσι","lemma":"εὕδω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"βροτοὶ","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of εὕδουσι","gloss":"mortals"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βροτοὶ","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":84,"label":"84","id":"b10-l84","source":"ἠέ τινʼ οὐρήων διζήμενος, ἤ τινʼ ἑταίρων;","translation":"Are you searching for one of the mules, or for a companion?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l84.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"οὐρήων","title":"A missing mule","body":"οὐρεύς is a mule, an ordinary but valuable camp animal used for hauling. Nestor begins with practical possibilities before he recognizes the scale of Agamemnon's fear."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἠέ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"τιν","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of διζήμενος","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"οὐρήων","lemma":"οὐρεύς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τιν̓","gloss":"mules"},{"surface":"διζήμενος","lemma":"δίζημαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤ","gloss":"searching for"},{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"τιν","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ἑταίρων","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τιν̓","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":85,"label":"85","id":"b10-l85","source":"φθέγγεο, μηδʼ ἀκέων ἐπʼ ἔμʼ ἔρχεο· τίπτε δέ σε χρεώ;","translation":"Speak, and do not come toward me in silence. What need brings you?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l85.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φθέγγεο","lemma":"φθέγγομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"speak"},{"surface":"ἀκέων","lemma":"ἀκέων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"silent"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"ἔμ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἔρχεο","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"τίπτε","lemma":"τίπτε","morphology":"pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"χρεώ","lemma":"χρεώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"need"}]},{"number":86,"label":"86","id":"b10-l86","source":"τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων·","translation":"Then Agamemnon, lord of men, answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l86.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄναξ","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":87,"label":"87","id":"b10-l87","source":"ὦ Νέστορ Νηληϊάδη μέγα κῦδος Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"\"Nestor, son of Neleus, great glory of the Achaeans,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l87.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μέγα κῦδος Ἀχαιῶν","title":"Great glory of the Achaeans","body":"κῦδος is glory or victorious splendor, often understood as something conferred by divine favor. Here the phrase makes Nestor himself a great glory belonging to the Achaean host."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"Νέστορ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Nestor"},{"surface":"Νηληϊάδη","lemma":"Νηληιάδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Νέστορ","gloss":"son of Neleus"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"vocative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῦδος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"κῦδος","lemma":"κῦδος","morphology":"vocative singular neuter noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κῦδος","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":88,"label":"88","id":"b10-l88","source":"γνώσεαι Ἀτρεΐδην Ἀγαμέμνονα, τὸν περὶ πάντων","translation":"you will recognize Atreus' son Agamemnon, whom above all","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l88.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γνώσεαι","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you will recognize"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδην","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνονα","gloss":"Atreus' son"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνονα","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of γνώσεαι","gloss":"Agamemnon"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐνέηκε","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":89,"label":"89","id":"b10-l89","source":"Ζεὺς ἐνέηκε πόνοισι διαμπερὲς εἰς ὅ κʼ ἀϋτμὴ","translation":"Zeus has thrust continually amid labors, for as long as breath","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l89.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐνέηκε","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ἐνέηκε","lemma":"ἐνίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἀγαμέμνονα","gloss":"has thrust"},{"surface":"πόνοισι","lemma":"πόνος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνέηκε","gloss":"labors"},{"surface":"διαμπερὲς","lemma":"διαμπερές","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐνέηκε","gloss":"continually"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἰς","gloss":"the time"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"ἀϋτμὴ","lemma":"ἀυτμή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of μένῃ","gloss":"breath"}]},{"number":90,"label":"90","id":"b10-l90","source":"ἐν στήθεσσι μένῃ καί μοι φίλα γούνατʼ ὀρώρῃ.","translation":"remains in my breast and strength rises in my dear knees.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l90.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"στήθεσσι","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"μένῃ","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"remains"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies γούνατ̓","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"φίλα","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies γούνατ̓","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"γούνατ","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ὀρώρῃ","gloss":"knees"},{"surface":"ὀρώρῃ","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"perfect active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"has risen"}]},{"number":91,"label":"91","id":"b10-l91","source":"πλάζομαι ὧδʼ ἐπεὶ οὔ μοι ἐπʼ ὄμμασι νήδυμος ὕπνος","translation":"I wander so because sweet sleep does not settle","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l91.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πλάζομαι","lemma":"πλάζω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I wander"},{"surface":"ὧδ","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πλάζομαι","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὄμμασι","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ὄμμασι","lemma":"ὄμμα","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"νήδυμος","lemma":"νήδυμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὕπνος","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"ὕπνος","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἱζάνει","gloss":"sleep"}]},{"number":92,"label":"92","id":"b10-l92","source":"ἱζάνει, ἀλλὰ μέλει πόλεμος καὶ κήδεʼ Ἀχαιῶν.","translation":"upon my eyes, but war and the cares of the Achaeans trouble me.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l92.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἱζάνει","lemma":"ἱζάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἀλλὰ","gloss":"settles"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μέλει","lemma":"μέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἀλλὰ","gloss":"troubles"},{"surface":"πόλεμος","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κήδε","lemma":"κῆδος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"cares"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κήδἐ","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":93,"label":"93","id":"b10-l93","source":"αἰνῶς γὰρ Δαναῶν περιδείδια, οὐδέ μοι ἦτορ","translation":"For I fear terribly for the Danaans, and my heart","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l93.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰνῶς","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to περιδείδια","gloss":"terribly"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Δαναῶν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of περιδείδια","gloss":"Danaans"},{"surface":"περιδείδια","lemma":"περιδείδω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I fear","note":"The perfect expresses an enduring state of fear: I am terribly afraid."},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἦτορ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":94,"label":"94","id":"b10-l94","source":"ἔμπεδον, ἀλλʼ ἀλαλύκτημαι, κραδίη δέ μοι ἔξω","translation":"is not steady, but I am distraught; my heart leaps","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l94.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἀλαλύκτημαι","title":"A mind left distraught","body":"ἀλαλύκτημαι is a reduplicated perfect middle-passive form. It presents Agamemnon as already driven into an enduring state of distraction and distress."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔμπεδον","lemma":"ἔμπεδος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"steady"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀλαλύκτημαι","lemma":"ἀλαλύκτημαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I am distraught","note":"A reduplicated perfect conveying his continuing distraught condition."},{"surface":"κραδίη","lemma":"καρδία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐκθρῴσκει","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies κραδίη","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἔξω","lemma":"ἔξω","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"outward"}]},{"number":95,"label":"95","id":"b10-l95","source":"στηθέων ἐκθρῴσκει, τρομέει δʼ ὑπὸ φαίδιμα γυῖα.","translation":"out of my chest, and my shining limbs tremble beneath me.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l95.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στηθέων","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔξω","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"ἐκθρῴσκει","lemma":"ἐκθρῴσκω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"leaps"},{"surface":"τρομέει","lemma":"τρομέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tremble"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"φαίδιμα","lemma":"φαίδιμος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies γυῖα","gloss":"shining"},{"surface":"γυῖα","lemma":"γυῖον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of τρομέει","gloss":"limbs"}]},{"number":96,"label":"96","id":"b10-l96","source":"ἀλλʼ εἴ τι δραίνεις, ἐπεὶ οὐδὲ σέ γʼ ὕπνος ἱκάνει,","translation":"But if you can do anything, since sleep does not reach you either,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l96.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of δραίνεις","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"δραίνεις","lemma":"δραίνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"you can do"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"σέ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἱκάνει","gloss":"you too"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὕπνος","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἱκάνει","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"ἱκάνει","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"reaches"}]},{"number":97,"label":"97","id":"b10-l97","source":"δεῦρʼ ἐς τοὺς φύλακας καταβήομεν, ὄφρα ἴδωμεν","translation":"come, let us go down to the guards, so that we may see","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l97.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεῦρ","lemma":"δεῦρο","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of καταβήομεν","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine article","role":"modifies φύλακας","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"φύλακας","lemma":"φύλαξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"guards"},{"surface":"καταβήομεν","lemma":"καταβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us descend"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἴδωμεν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"we may see"}]},{"number":98,"label":"98","id":"b10-l98","source":"μὴ τοὶ μὲν καμάτῳ ἀδηκότες ἠδὲ καὶ ὕπνῳ","translation":"whether, worn down by toil and sleep,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l98.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest","note":"Introduces an apprehensive question: to see whether perhaps they have fallen asleep."},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κοιμήσωνται","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καμάτῳ","lemma":"κάματος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"with weariness"},{"surface":"ἀδηκότες","lemma":"ἀδέω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κοιμήσωνται","gloss":"worn down"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ὕπνῳ","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"sleep"}]},{"number":99,"label":"99","id":"b10-l99","source":"κοιμήσωνται, ἀτὰρ φυλακῆς ἐπὶ πάγχυ λάθωνται.","translation":"they have lain down and utterly forgotten their watch.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l99.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"κοιμήσωνται, ἀτὰρ φυλακῆς ἐπὶ πάγχυ λάθωνται","title":"Fear for the watch","body":"After ὄφρα ἴδωμεν, the preceding particle μή introduces what Agamemnon fears they may discover. Both κοιμήσωνται and λάθωνται are aorist subjunctives, presenting the feared lapse as a completed act."}],"words":[{"surface":"κοιμήσωνται","lemma":"κοιμάω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of ἀτὰρ","gloss":"have lain down"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φυλακῆς","lemma":"φυλακεύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"object of λάθωνται","gloss":"watch"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πάγχυ","lemma":"πάγχυ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λάθωνται","gloss":"utterly"},{"surface":"λάθωνται","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of ἀτὰρ","gloss":"have forgotten"}]},{"number":100,"label":"100","id":"b10-l100","source":"δυσμενέες δʼ ἄνδρες σχεδὸν εἵαται· οὐδέ τι ἴδμεν","translation":"The enemy men sit nearby, and we do not know","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l100.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δυσμενέες","lemma":"δυσμενής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνδρες","gloss":"enemy"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄνδρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of εἵαται","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"σχεδὸν","lemma":"σχεδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἵαται","gloss":"nearby"},{"surface":"εἵαται","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sit"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἴδμεν","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"ἴδμεν","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we know"}]},{"number":101,"label":"101","id":"b10-l101","source":"μή πως καὶ διὰ νύκτα μενοινήσωσι μάχεσθαι.","translation":"whether they may be eager to fight even through the night.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l101.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"πως","lemma":"πως","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"νύκτα","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to διὰ","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"μενοινήσωσι","lemma":"μενοινάω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of μή","gloss":"they intend"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of μενοινήσωσι","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":102,"label":"102","id":"b10-l102","source":"τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ·","translation":"Then Nestor, the Gerenian horseman, answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l102.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"Γερήνιος","lemma":"Γερήνιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἱππότα","gloss":"Gerenian"},{"surface":"ἱππότα","lemma":"ἱππότης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Νέστωρ","gloss":"horseman"},{"surface":"Νέστωρ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"Nestor"}]},{"number":103,"label":"103","id":"b10-l103","source":"Ἀτρεΐδη κύδιστε ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγάμεμνον","translation":"\"Son of Atreus, most glorious, Agamemnon, lord of men,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l103.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ἀτρεΐδη κύδιστε ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγάμεμνον","title":"An inherited address","body":"The Greek wording repeats Iliad 2.434, differing only in terminal punctuation, so its English repeats the accepted address exactly. The phrase ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν retains Agamemnon's distinct title, lord of men."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδη","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"κύδιστε","lemma":"κύδιστος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀτρεΐδη","gloss":"most glorious"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄναξ","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"Ἀγάμεμνον","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":104,"label":"104","id":"b10-l104","source":"οὔ θην Ἕκτορι πάντα νοήματα μητίετα Ζεὺς","translation":"Zeus the counselor will surely not fulfill for Hector all the plans","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l104.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μητίετα Ζεὺς","title":"Zeus the counselor","body":"μητίετα praises Zeus as a deviser of counsel. The fixed rendering remains distinct from the many separate epithets that praise his thunder, clouds, or kingship."}],"words":[{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"θην","lemma":"θήν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely","note":"An emphatic particle conveying the speaker's confidence: surely."},{"surface":"Ἕκτορι","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκτελέει","gloss":"for Hector"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies νοήματα","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"νοήματα","lemma":"νόημα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκτελέει","gloss":"plans"},{"surface":"μητίετα","lemma":"μητίετα","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεὺς","gloss":"counselor"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐκτελέει","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":105,"label":"105","id":"b10-l105","source":"ἐκτελέει, ὅσα πού νυν ἐέλπεται· ἀλλά μιν οἴω","translation":"he now hopes for. Rather, I think he","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l105.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκτελέει","lemma":"ἐκτελέω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will fulfill"},{"surface":"ὅσα","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐέλπεται","gloss":"as many as"},{"surface":"πού","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"νυν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐέλπεται","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἐέλπεται","lemma":"ἔλπω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing νοήματα","gloss":"he hopes"},{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μοχθήσειν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"οἴω","lemma":"οἴω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I think"}]},{"number":106,"label":"106","id":"b10-l106","source":"κήδεσι μοχθήσειν καὶ πλείοσιν, εἴ κεν Ἀχιλλεὺς","translation":"will labor amid still more troubles, if Achilles","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l106.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κήδεσι","lemma":"κῆδος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of μοχθήσειν","gloss":"amid troubles"},{"surface":"μοχθήσειν","lemma":"μοχθέω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of οἴω","gloss":"will labor"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"πλείοσιν","lemma":"πλείων","morphology":"dative plural neuter comparative adjective","role":"modifies κήδεσι","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μεταστρέψῃ","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":107,"label":"107","id":"b10-l107","source":"ἐκ χόλου ἀργαλέοιο μεταστρέψῃ φίλον ἦτορ.","translation":"turns his own heart away from bitter anger.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l107.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"χόλου","lemma":"χόλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"anger"},{"surface":"ἀργαλέοιο","lemma":"ἀργαλέος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χόλου","gloss":"bitter"},{"surface":"μεταστρέψῃ","lemma":"μεταστρέφω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"turns"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦτορ","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of μεταστρέψῃ","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":108,"label":"108","id":"b10-l108","source":"σοὶ δὲ μάλʼ ἕψομʼ ἐγώ· ποτὶ δʼ αὖ καὶ ἐγείρομεν ἄλλους","translation":"I will gladly follow you; and let us also wake the others:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l108.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἕψομ̓","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕψομ̓","gloss":"readily"},{"surface":"ἕψομ","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will follow"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕψομ̓","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ποτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"besides"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἐγείρομεν","lemma":"ἐγείρω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us wake"},{"surface":"ἄλλους","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object","gloss":"others"}]},{"number":109,"label":"109","id":"b10-l109","source":"ἠμὲν Τυδεΐδην δουρὶ κλυτὸν ἠδʼ Ὀδυσῆα","translation":"the son of Tydeus, famed with the spear, and Odysseus,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l109.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δουρὶ κλυτὸν","title":"Famed with the spear","body":"δουρὶ κλυτός is the inherited spear-fame epithet already used for Idomeneus. Here the same generic honor belongs to Diomedes, the son of Tydeus."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἠμὲν","lemma":"ἠμέν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"Τυδεΐδην","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"son of Tydeus"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"modifies κλυτὸν","gloss":"with spear"},{"surface":"κλυτὸν","lemma":"κλυτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τυδεΐδην","gloss":"famed"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆα","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":110,"label":"110","id":"b10-l110","source":"ἠδʼ Αἴαντα ταχὺν καὶ Φυλέος ἄλκιμον υἱόν.","translation":"and swift Ajax, son of Oileus, and the valiant son of Phyleus.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l110.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Αἴαντα","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"ταχὺν","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴαντα","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Φυλέος","lemma":"Φυλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱόν","gloss":"Phyleus'"},{"surface":"ἄλκιμον","lemma":"ἄλκιμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱόν","gloss":"valiant"},{"surface":"υἱόν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":111,"label":"111","id":"b10-l111","source":"ἀλλʼ εἴ τις καὶ τούσδε μετοιχόμενος καλέσειεν","translation":"But if only someone would go and call these men as well:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l111.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"if only"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καλέσειεν","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"τούσδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"these men"},{"surface":"μετοιχόμενος","lemma":"μετοίχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καλέσειεν","gloss":"going about"},{"surface":"καλέσειεν","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would call"}]},{"number":112,"label":"112","id":"b10-l112","source":"ἀντίθεόν τʼ Αἴαντα καὶ Ἰδομενῆα ἄνακτα·","translation":"godlike Ajax, son of Telamon, and lord Idomeneus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l112.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀντίθεόν","lemma":"ἀνατίθημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Αἴαντα","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Αἴαντα","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἰδομενῆα","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Idomeneus"},{"surface":"ἄνακτα","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἰδομενῆα","gloss":"lord"}]},{"number":113,"label":"113","id":"b10-l113","source":"τῶν γὰρ νῆες ἔασιν ἑκαστάτω, οὐδὲ μάλʼ ἐγγύς.","translation":"for their ships are the farthest away, and by no means near.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l113.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"νῆες","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔασιν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἔασιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"ἑκαστάτω","lemma":"ἑκάς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔασιν","gloss":"farthest"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"by no means"},{"surface":"ἐγγύς","lemma":"ἐγγύς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"near"}]},{"number":114,"label":"114","id":"b10-l114","source":"ἀλλὰ φίλον περ ἐόντα καὶ αἰδοῖον Μενέλαον","translation":"But Menelaus, though he is dear to me and honored,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l114.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰδοῖον","lemma":"αἰδοῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"honored"},{"surface":"Μενέλαον","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of νεικέσω","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":115,"label":"115","id":"b10-l115","source":"νεικέσω, εἴ πέρ μοι νεμεσήσεαι, οὐδʼ ἐπικεύσω","translation":"I will rebuke him, even if you resent me, and I will not conceal","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l115.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νεικέσω","lemma":"νεικέω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will rebuke"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"even if"},{"surface":"πέρ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of νεμεσήσεαι","gloss":"at me"},{"surface":"νεμεσήσεαι","lemma":"νεμεσάω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"you resent"},{"surface":"ἐπικεύσω","lemma":"ἐπικεύθω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will conceal"}]},{"number":116,"label":"116","id":"b10-l116","source":"ὡς εὕδει, σοὶ δʼ οἴῳ ἐπέτρεψεν πονέεσθαι.","translation":"how he sleeps and has left you alone to labor.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l116.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"εὕδει","lemma":"εὕδω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"he sleeps"},{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐπέτρεψεν","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἴῳ","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"ἐπέτρεψεν","lemma":"ἐπιτρέπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"has left"},{"surface":"πονέεσθαι","lemma":"πονέω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἐπέτρεψεν","gloss":"to labor"}]},{"number":117,"label":"117","id":"b10-l117","source":"νῦν ὄφελεν κατὰ πάντας ἀριστῆας πονέεσθαι","translation":"He ought now to be laboring among all the princes,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l117.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄφελεν","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ὄφελεν","lemma":"ὀφείλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ought"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀριστῆας","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀριστῆας","lemma":"ἀριστεύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"princes"},{"surface":"πονέεσθαι","lemma":"πονέω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ὄφελεν","gloss":"to labor"}]},{"number":118,"label":"118","id":"b10-l118","source":"λισσόμενος· χρειὼ γὰρ ἱκάνεται οὐκέτʼ ἀνεκτός.","translation":"appealing to them, for the need upon us can no longer be borne.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l118.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λισσόμενος","lemma":"λίσσομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πονέεσθαι","gloss":"appealing"},{"surface":"χρειὼ","lemma":"χρεώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἱκάνεται","gloss":"need"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἱκάνεται","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has come"},{"surface":"οὐκέτ","lemma":"οὐκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"ἀνεκτός","lemma":"ἀνεκτός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χρειὼ","gloss":"bearable"}]},{"number":119,"label":"119","id":"b10-l119","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων·","translation":"Then Agamemnon, lord of men, addressed him in turn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l119.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"προσέειπεν","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄναξ","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπεν","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":120,"label":"120","id":"b10-l120","source":"ὦ γέρον ἄλλοτε μέν σε καὶ αἰτιάασθαι ἄνωγα·","translation":"\"Old man, at other times I even urge you to blame him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l120.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"γέρον","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"ἄλλοτε","lemma":"ἄλλοτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄνωγα","gloss":"at other times"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject of αἰτιάασθαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"αἰτιάασθαι","lemma":"αἰτιάομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἄνωγα","gloss":"to blame"},{"surface":"ἄνωγα","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I urge"}]},{"number":121,"label":"121","id":"b10-l121","source":"πολλάκι γὰρ μεθιεῖ τε καὶ οὐκ ἐθέλει πονέεσθαι","translation":"for often he hangs back and is unwilling to labor,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l121.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλάκι","lemma":"πολλάκις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"often"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μεθιεῖ","lemma":"μεθίημι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hangs back"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐθέλει","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is willing"},{"surface":"πονέεσθαι","lemma":"πονέω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλει","gloss":"to labor"}]},{"number":122,"label":"122","id":"b10-l122","source":"οὔτʼ ὄκνῳ εἴκων οὔτʼ ἀφραδίῃσι νόοιο,","translation":"yielding neither to hesitation nor to thoughtlessness of mind,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l122.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"οὔτʼ ὄκνῳ εἴκων οὔτʼ ἀφραδίῃσι νόοιο","title":"Neither hesitation nor folly","body":"The paired οὔτε ... οὔτε rejects two possible explanations in balance. Menelaus hangs back neither from hesitation nor from lack of judgment; the next line supplies the real reason."}],"words":[{"surface":"οὔτʼ","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"ὄκνῳ","lemma":"ὄκνος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἴκων","gloss":"hesitation"},{"surface":"εἴκων","lemma":"εἴκω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yielding","note":"εἴκω, 'give way, yield', takes the dative (ὄκνῳ, ἀφραδίῃσι); describes an unnamed subject introduced earlier in the sentence, not present in this segment."},{"surface":"οὔτʼ","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"ἀφραδίῃσι","lemma":"ἀφραδία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of εἴκων","gloss":"thoughtlessness","note":"Epic dative plural in -ῃσι; poetic plural of the abstract noun, 'thoughtlessness'."},{"surface":"νόοιο","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀφραδίῃσι","gloss":"of mind","note":"Epic genitive singular ending -οιο (= Attic -ου)."}]},{"number":123,"label":"123","id":"b10-l123","source":"ἀλλʼ ἐμέ τʼ εἰσορόων καὶ ἐμὴν ποτιδέγμενος ὁρμήν.","translation":"but because he looks to me and waits for my lead.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l123.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐμέ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἰσορόων","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"εἰσορόων","lemma":"εἰσοράω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"looking to"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐμὴν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὁρμήν","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ποτιδέγμενος","lemma":"προσδέχομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"awaiting"},{"surface":"ὁρμήν","lemma":"ὁρμή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ποτιδέγμενος","gloss":"lead"}]},{"number":124,"label":"124","id":"b10-l124","source":"νῦν δʼ ἐμέο πρότερος μάλʼ ἐπέγρετο καί μοι ἐπέστη·","translation":"But now he woke well before I did and came to me.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l124.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐμέο","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies πρότερος","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"πρότερος","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπέγρετο","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"ἐπέγρετο","lemma":"ἐπεγείρω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he woke"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπέστη","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ἐπέστη","lemma":"ἐφίστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"}]},{"number":125,"label":"125","id":"b10-l125","source":"τὸν μὲν ἐγὼ προέηκα καλήμεναι οὓς σὺ μεταλλᾷς.","translation":"I sent him on to call the very men you ask after.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l125.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προέηκα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of προέηκα","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"προέηκα","lemma":"προίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent ahead"},{"surface":"καλήμεναι","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to προέηκα","gloss":"to call"},{"surface":"οὓς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of μεταλλᾷς","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of μεταλλᾷς","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"μεταλλᾷς","lemma":"μεταλλάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of καλήμεναι","gloss":"ask after"}]},{"number":126,"label":"126","id":"b10-l126","source":"ἀλλʼ ἴομεν· κείνους δὲ κιχησόμεθα πρὸ πυλάων","translation":"But let us go; we shall find them before the gates,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l126.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἴομεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us go"},{"surface":"κείνους","lemma":"κεῖνος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of κιχησόμεθα","gloss":"those men"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κιχησόμεθα","lemma":"κιχάνω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we shall find"},{"surface":"πρὸ","lemma":"πρό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"πυλάων","lemma":"πύλη","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of πρὸ","gloss":"gates"}]},{"number":127,"label":"127","id":"b10-l127","source":"ἐν φυλάκεσσʼ, ἵνα γάρ σφιν ἐπέφραδον ἠγερέθεσθαι.","translation":"among the guards, for there I told them to gather.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l127.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"φυλάκεσσ","lemma":"φύλαξ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"guards"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠγερέθεσθαι","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπέφραδον","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ἐπέφραδον","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing φυλάκεσσ̓","gloss":"I told"},{"surface":"ἠγερέθεσθαι","lemma":"ἠγερέθομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἐπέφραδον","gloss":"to gather"}]},{"number":128,"label":"128","id":"b10-l128","source":"τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ·","translation":"Then Nestor, the Gerenian horseman, answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l128.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"Γερήνιος","lemma":"Γερήνιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἱππότα","gloss":"Gerenian"},{"surface":"ἱππότα","lemma":"ἱππότης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Νέστωρ","gloss":"horseman"},{"surface":"Νέστωρ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"Nestor"}]},{"number":129,"label":"129","id":"b10-l129","source":"οὕτως οὔ τίς οἱ νεμεσήσεται οὐδʼ ἀπιθήσει","translation":"\"In that case no one among the Argives will resent him or disobey","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l129.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὕτως","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"at him"},{"surface":"νεμεσήσεται","lemma":"νεμεσάω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will resent"},{"surface":"ἀπιθήσει","lemma":"ἀπιθέω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will disobey"}]},{"number":130,"label":"130","id":"b10-l130","source":"Ἀργείων, ὅτε κέν τινʼ ἐποτρύνῃ καὶ ἀνώγῃ.","translation":"whenever he urges a man on and gives him orders.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l130.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὅτε κέν τινʼ ἐποτρύνῃ καὶ ἀνώγῃ","title":"Whenever he commands","body":"ὅτε with κεν and two subjunctives makes an indefinite temporal clause: whenever Menelaus urges or commands someone. Nestor answers Agamemnon by describing how the Argives will respond in any such case."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργείων","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"Argives"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"τιν","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"ἐποτρύνῃ","lemma":"ἐποτρύνω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"he urges"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνώγῃ","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"commands"}]},{"number":131,"label":"131","id":"b10-l131","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν ἔνδυνε περὶ στήθεσσι χιτῶνα,","translation":"So he spoke, and put a tunic about his chest,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l131.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔνδυνε","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"ἔνδυνε","lemma":"ἐνδύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put on"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"στήθεσσι","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"χιτῶνα","lemma":"χιτών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔνδυνε","gloss":"tunic"}]},{"number":132,"label":"132","id":"b10-l132","source":"ποσσὶ δʼ ὑπὸ λιπαροῖσιν ἐδήσατο καλὰ πέδιλα,","translation":"beneath his glistening feet he bound fair sandals,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l132.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ποσσὶ","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"λιπαροῖσιν","lemma":"λιπαρός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποσσὶ","gloss":"glistening"},{"surface":"ἐδήσατο","lemma":"δέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bound"},{"surface":"καλὰ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies πέδιλα","gloss":"fair"},{"surface":"πέδιλα","lemma":"πέδιλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐδήσατο","gloss":"sandals"}]},{"number":133,"label":"133","id":"b10-l133","source":"ἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρα χλαῖναν περονήσατο φοινικόεσσαν","translation":"and around him he fastened a crimson cloak with a brooch,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l133.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"χλαῖναν περονήσατο φοινικόεσσαν","title":"A crimson cloak","body":"The χλαῖνα is a heavy outer cloak, here dyed φοινικόεις, a deep crimson or purple-red. Nestor dresses for the night before taking up his spear."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"χλαῖναν","lemma":"χλαῖνα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of περονήσατο","gloss":"cloak"},{"surface":"περονήσατο","lemma":"περονάω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fastened"},{"surface":"φοινικόεσσαν","lemma":"φοινικόεις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"crimson"}]},{"number":134,"label":"134","id":"b10-l134","source":"διπλῆν ἐκταδίην, οὔλη δʼ ἐπενήνοθε λάχνη.","translation":"double and broad, with a thick nap spread over it.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l134.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"διπλῆν","lemma":"διπλόος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"double"},{"surface":"ἐκταδίην","lemma":"ἐκτάδιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"οὔλη","lemma":"οὖλος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies λάχνη","gloss":"thick"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπενήνοθε","lemma":"ἐπινηνέω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spread over"},{"surface":"λάχνη","lemma":"λάχνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐπενήνοθε","gloss":"nap"}]},{"number":135,"label":"135","id":"b10-l135","source":"εἵλετο δʼ ἄλκιμον ἔγχος ἀκαχμένον ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ,","translation":"He took his stout spear, sharpened with keen bronze,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l135.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἵλετο","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλκιμον","lemma":"ἄλκιμος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"stout"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἵλετο","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"ἀκαχμένον","lemma":"ἀκαχμένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"sharpened"},{"surface":"ὀξέϊ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκῷ","gloss":"keen"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀκαχμένον","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":136,"label":"136","id":"b10-l136","source":"βῆ δʼ ἰέναι κατὰ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων.","translation":"and went along the ships of the bronze-clad Achaeans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l136.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set out"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰέναι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of βῆ","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"Achaeans"},{"surface":"χαλκοχιτώνων","lemma":"χαλκοχίτων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιῶν","gloss":"bronze-clad"}]},{"number":137,"label":"137","id":"b10-l137","source":"πρῶτον ἔπειτʼ Ὀδυσῆα Διὶ μῆτιν ἀτάλαντον","translation":"First Odysseus, the equal of Zeus in counsel,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l137.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Διὶ μῆτιν ἀτάλαντον","title":"Equal to Zeus in counsel","body":"This epithet praises Odysseus by making his μῆτις, his power of shrewd counsel, equal to Zeus's. Homer keeps it distinct from Odysseus's other titles, such as “of many wiles” and “of many devices.”"}],"words":[{"surface":"πρῶτον","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀνέγειρε","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνέγειρε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆα","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνέγειρε","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"Διὶ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀτάλαντον","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"μῆτιν","lemma":"μῆτις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀτάλαντον","gloss":"in counsel"},{"surface":"ἀτάλαντον","lemma":"ἀτάλαντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσῆα","gloss":"equal"}]},{"number":138,"label":"138","id":"b10-l138","source":"ἐξ ὕπνου ἀνέγειρε Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ","translation":"Nestor, the Gerenian horseman, woke from sleep,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l138.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὕπνου","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"ἀνέγειρε","lemma":"ἀνεγείρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"woke"},{"surface":"Γερήνιος","lemma":"Γερήνιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἱππότα","gloss":"Gerenian"},{"surface":"ἱππότα","lemma":"ἱππότης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Νέστωρ","gloss":"horseman"},{"surface":"Νέστωρ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνέγειρε","gloss":"Nestor"}]},{"number":139,"label":"139","id":"b10-l139","source":"φθεγξάμενος· τὸν δʼ αἶψα περὶ φρένας ἤλυθʼ ἰωή,","translation":"calling aloud; and at once the cry reached his mind.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l139.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἰωή","title":"A cry in the night","body":"ἰωή is a loud cry or shout, often heard in battle. Even from sleep, Odysseus hears Nestor's voice at once."}],"words":[{"surface":"φθεγξάμενος","lemma":"φθέγγομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀνέγειρε","gloss":"calling aloud"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἤλυθ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤλυθ̓","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"φρένας","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"ἤλυθ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"ἰωή","lemma":"ἰωή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἤλυθ̓","gloss":"cry"}]},{"number":140,"label":"140","id":"b10-l140","source":"ἐκ δʼ ἦλθε κλισίης καί σφεας πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπε·","translation":"He came out from his hut and spoke a word to them:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l140.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"κλισίης","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"hut"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφεας","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔειπε","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ἔειπε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":141,"label":"141","id":"b10-l141","source":"τίφθʼ οὕτω κατὰ νῆας ἀνὰ στρατὸν οἶοι ἀλᾶσθε","translation":"“Why do you wander alone through the camp along the ships","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l141.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τίφθ","lemma":"τίπτε","morphology":"pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀλᾶσθε","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"οὕτω","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀλᾶσθε","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"στρατὸν","lemma":"στρατός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνὰ","gloss":"camp"},{"surface":"οἶοι","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"ἀλᾶσθε","lemma":"ἀλάομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do you wander"}]},{"number":142,"label":"142","id":"b10-l142","source":"νύκτα διʼ ἀμβροσίην, ὅ τι δὴ χρειὼ τόσον ἵκει;","translation":"through the immortal night? What need so great has come upon you?”","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l142.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νύκτα","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δἰ","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"δι","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ἀμβροσίην","lemma":"ἀμβρόσιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νύκτα","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"χρειὼ","lemma":"χρεώ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἵκει","gloss":"need"},{"surface":"τόσον","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies χρειὼ","gloss":"so great"},{"surface":"ἵκει","lemma":"ἵκω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅ","gloss":"has come"}]},{"number":143,"label":"143","id":"b10-l143","source":"τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ·","translation":"Then Nestor, the Gerenian horseman, answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l143.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"Γερήνιος","lemma":"Γερήνιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἱππότα","gloss":"Gerenian"},{"surface":"ἱππότα","lemma":"ἱππότης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Νέστωρ","gloss":"horseman"},{"surface":"Νέστωρ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"Nestor"}]},{"number":144,"label":"144","id":"b10-l144","source":"διογενὲς Λαερτιάδη πολυμήχανʼ Ὀδυσσεῦ","translation":"\"Odysseus, son of Laertes, sprung from Zeus, of many devices,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l144.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"διογενὲς","lemma":"διογενής","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Λαερτιάδη","gloss":"sprung from Zeus"},{"surface":"Λαερτιάδη","lemma":"Λαερτιάδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son of Laertes"},{"surface":"πολυμήχαν","lemma":"πολυμήχανος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεῦ","gloss":"of many devices"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεῦ","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":145,"label":"145","id":"b10-l145","source":"μὴ νεμέσα· τοῖον γὰρ ἄχος βεβίηκεν Ἀχαιούς.","translation":"do not be angry; for such grief has overwhelmed the Achaeans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l145.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"do not"},{"surface":"νεμέσα","lemma":"νεμεσάω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"be angry"},{"surface":"τοῖον","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄχος","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἄχος","lemma":"ἄχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of βεβίηκεν","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"βεβίηκεν","lemma":"βιάω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has overwhelmed"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of βεβίηκεν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":146,"label":"146","id":"b10-l146","source":"ἀλλʼ ἕπεʼ, ὄφρα καὶ ἄλλον ἐγείρομεν ὅν τʼ ἐπέοικε","translation":"But come, so that we may wake another man, one who is fit","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l146.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἕπε","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"come along"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἄλλον","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐγείρομεν","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"ἐγείρομεν","lemma":"ἐγείρω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"we may wake"},{"surface":"ὅν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βουλεύειν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐπέοικε","lemma":"ἐπέοικε","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἄλλον","gloss":"is fit"}]},{"number":147,"label":"147","id":"b10-l147","source":"βουλὰς βουλεύειν, ἢ φευγέμεν ἠὲ μάχεσθαι.","translation":"to devise our counsels, whether to flee or to fight.”","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l147.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βουλὰς","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"counsels"},{"surface":"βουλεύειν","lemma":"βουλεύω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐπέοικε","gloss":"to devise"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"φευγέμεν","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἠὲ","gloss":"to flee"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἠέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἠὲ","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":148,"label":"148","id":"b10-l148","source":"ὣς φάθʼ, ὃ δὲ κλισίην δὲ κιὼν πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"So he spoke; and Odysseus of many wiles went to his hut,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l148.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάθ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κλισίην","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κιὼν","gloss":"hut"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"κιὼν","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to θέτο","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"πολύμητις","lemma":"πολύμητις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεὺς","gloss":"of many wiles"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":149,"label":"149","id":"b10-l149","source":"ποικίλον ἀμφʼ ὤμοισι σάκος θέτο, βῆ δὲ μετʼ αὐτούς.","translation":"set a richly wrought shield about his shoulders, and followed them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l149.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ποικίλον","lemma":"ποικίλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σάκος","gloss":"richly wrought"},{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"ὤμοισι","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφ̓","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"σάκος","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of θέτο","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"θέτο","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"αὐτούς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of μετ̓","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":150,"label":"150","id":"b10-l150","source":"βὰν δʼ ἐπὶ Τυδεΐδην Διομήδεα· τὸν δὲ κίχανον","translation":"They went to Diomedes, son of Tydeus, and found him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l150.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βὰν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they went"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Τυδεΐδην","lemma":"Τυδεΐδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Διομήδεα","gloss":"son of Tydeus"},{"surface":"Διομήδεα","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"Diomedes"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κίχανον","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κίχανον","lemma":"κιχάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"found"}]},{"number":151,"label":"151","id":"b10-l151","source":"ἐκτὸς ἀπὸ κλισίης σὺν τεύχεσιν· ἀμφὶ δʼ ἑταῖροι","translation":"outside his hut with his arms; around him his companions","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l151.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκτὸς","lemma":"ἐκτός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κίχανον","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"κλισίης","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπὸ","gloss":"hut"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"τεύχεσιν","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εὗδον","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑταῖροι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of εὗδον","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":152,"label":"152","id":"b10-l152","source":"εὗδον, ὑπὸ κρασὶν δʼ ἔχον ἀσπίδας· ἔγχεα δέ σφιν","translation":"slept with shields beneath their heads, while their spears","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l152.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὗδον","lemma":"εὕδω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slept"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"κρασὶν","lemma":"κράς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"heads"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"ἀσπίδας","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχον","gloss":"shields"},{"surface":"ἔγχεα","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐλήλατο","gloss":"spears"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἔγχεα","gloss":"for them"}]},{"number":153,"label":"153","id":"b10-l153","source":"ὄρθʼ ἐπὶ σαυρωτῆρος ἐλήλατο, τῆλε δὲ χαλκὸς","translation":"stood upright upon their butt-spikes, fixed in the ground, and far off the bronze","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l153.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄρθ","lemma":"ὄρθ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"upright"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"σαυρωτῆρος","lemma":"σαυρωτήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"butt-spike"},{"surface":"ἐλήλατο","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were fixed","note":"The pluperfect pictures the spears as already driven into the ground by their butt-spikes."},{"surface":"τῆλε","lemma":"τῆλε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λάμφ̓","gloss":"far off"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χαλκὸς","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of λάμφ̓","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":154,"label":"154","id":"b10-l154","source":"λάμφʼ ὥς τε στεροπὴ πατρὸς Διός· αὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ ἥρως","translation":"flashed like the lightning of father Zeus. But the hero","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l154.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λάμφ","lemma":"λάμπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flashed"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"στεροπὴ","lemma":"στεροπή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"lightning"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Διός","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"Διός","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies στεροπὴ","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies ἥρως","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἥρως","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"hero"}]},{"number":155,"label":"155","id":"b10-l155","source":"εὗδʼ, ὑπὸ δʼ ἔστρωτο ῥινὸν βοὸς ἀγραύλοιο,","translation":"slept, with the hide of a field-dwelling ox spread beneath him,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l155.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὗδ","lemma":"εὕδω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slept"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔστρωτο","lemma":"στορέννυμι","morphology":"pluperfect passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was spread"},{"surface":"ῥινὸν","lemma":"ῥινόν","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔστρωτο","gloss":"hide"},{"surface":"βοὸς","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ῥινὸν","gloss":"ox"},{"surface":"ἀγραύλοιο","lemma":"ἄγραυλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies βοὸς","gloss":"field-dwelling"}]},{"number":156,"label":"156","id":"b10-l156","source":"αὐτὰρ ὑπὸ κράτεσφι τάπης τετάνυστο φαεινός.","translation":"and under his head a gleaming rug was stretched.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l156.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"κράτεσφι","lemma":"κράτος","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"τάπης","lemma":"τάπης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τετάνυστο","gloss":"rug"},{"surface":"τετάνυστο","lemma":"τανύω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was stretched"},{"surface":"φαεινός","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τάπης","gloss":"gleaming"}]},{"number":157,"label":"157","id":"b10-l157","source":"τὸν παρστὰς ἀνέγειρε Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ,","translation":"Standing beside him, Nestor, the Gerenian horseman, woke him,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l157.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀνέγειρε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"παρστὰς","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀνέγειρε","gloss":"standing beside"},{"surface":"ἀνέγειρε","lemma":"ἀνεγείρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"woke"},{"surface":"Γερήνιος","lemma":"Γερήνιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἱππότα","gloss":"Gerenian"},{"surface":"ἱππότα","lemma":"ἱππότης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Νέστωρ","gloss":"horseman"},{"surface":"Νέστωρ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τ̓","gloss":"Nestor"}]},{"number":158,"label":"158","id":"b10-l158","source":"λὰξ ποδὶ κινήσας, ὄτρυνέ τε νείκεσέ τʼ ἄντην·","translation":"stirring him with his heel; he urged him and rebuked him to his face:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l158.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"λὰξ","title":"With his heel","body":"λάξ is an adverb meaning “with the heel” or “with the foot.” Nestor does not gently shake Diomedes awake: he prods him with his foot and immediately scolds him."}],"words":[{"surface":"λὰξ","lemma":"λάξ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κινήσας","gloss":"with heel"},{"surface":"ποδὶ","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κινήσας","gloss":"foot"},{"surface":"κινήσας","lemma":"κινέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀνέγειρε","gloss":"stirring"},{"surface":"ὄτρυνέ","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urged"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νείκεσέ","lemma":"νεικέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rebuked"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄντην","lemma":"ἄντην","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to νείκεσέ","gloss":"to his face"}]},{"number":159,"label":"159","id":"b10-l159","source":"ἔγρεο Τυδέος υἱέ· τί πάννυχον ὕπνον ἀωτεῖς;","translation":"“Wake, son of Tydeus! Why do you sleep the whole night through?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l159.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔγρεο","lemma":"ἐγείρω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wake"},{"surface":"Τυδέος","lemma":"Τυδεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱέ","gloss":"Tydeus'"},{"surface":"υἱέ","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τίς","morphology":"irregular","role":"adverbial to ἀωτεῖς","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"πάννυχον","lemma":"πάννυχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὕπνον","gloss":"all-night"},{"surface":"ὕπνον","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀωτεῖς","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"ἀωτεῖς","lemma":"ἀωτέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do you sleep"}]},{"number":160,"label":"160","id":"b10-l160","source":"οὐκ ἀΐεις ὡς Τρῶες ἐπὶ θρωσμῷ πεδίοιο","translation":"Do you not hear how the Trojans sit upon the brow of the plain,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l160.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἀΐεις","lemma":"ἀίω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do you hear"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of εἵαται","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"θρωσμῷ","lemma":"θρωσμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"brow"},{"surface":"πεδίοιο","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies θρωσμῷ","gloss":"plain"}]},{"number":161,"label":"161","id":"b10-l161","source":"εἵαται ἄγχι νεῶν, ὀλίγος δʼ ἔτι χῶρος ἐρύκει;","translation":"close to the ships, and only a little ground still holds them back?”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l161.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἵαται","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"sit","note":"Perfect with present force: they are seated."},{"surface":"ἄγχι","lemma":"ἄγχι","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"νεῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἄγχι","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ὀλίγος","lemma":"ὀλίγος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χῶρος","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐρύκει","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"χῶρος","lemma":"χῶρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐρύκει","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"ἐρύκει","lemma":"ἐρύκω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"holds back"}]},{"number":162,"label":"162","id":"b10-l162","source":"ὣς φάθʼ, ὃ δʼ ἐξ ὕπνοιο μάλα κραιπνῶς ἀνόρουσε,","translation":"So he spoke, and Diomedes sprang very swiftly from sleep,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l162.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάθ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke","note":"Elided epic form of the speech verb: he spoke."},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀνόρουσε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὕπνοιο","lemma":"ὕπνον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"κραιπνῶς","lemma":"κραιπνός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνόρουσε","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"ἀνόρουσε","lemma":"ἀνορούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sprang"}]},{"number":163,"label":"163","id":"b10-l163","source":"καί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"and speaking to him, he addressed him with winged words:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l163.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα","title":"Winged words","body":"The recurring formula calls spoken words “winged”: once released, they fly from speaker to hearer. Its repetition is part of the audible architecture of Homeric verse."}],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"φωνήσας","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":164,"label":"164","id":"b10-l164","source":"σχέτλιός ἐσσι γεραιέ· σὺ μὲν πόνου οὔ ποτε λήγεις.","translation":"“You are relentless, old man; you never cease from toil.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l164.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σχέτλιός","lemma":"σχέτλιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"relentless"},{"surface":"ἐσσι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you are"},{"surface":"γεραιέ","lemma":"γεραιός","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of λήγεις","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πόνου","lemma":"πόνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of λήγεις","gloss":"toil"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ποτε","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"λήγεις","lemma":"λήγω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cease"}]},{"number":165,"label":"165","id":"b10-l165","source":"οὔ νυ καὶ ἄλλοι ἔασι νεώτεροι υἷες Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"Are there not other, younger sons of the Achaeans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l165.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"νυ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔασι","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷες","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"ἔασι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are there"},{"surface":"νεώτεροι","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine comparative adjective","role":"modifies υἷες","gloss":"younger"},{"surface":"υἷες","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔασι","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷες","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":166,"label":"166","id":"b10-l166","source":"οἵ κεν ἔπειτα ἕκαστον ἐγείρειαν βασιλήων","translation":"who could go everywhere and wake each one of the kings?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l166.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐγείρειαν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"might"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐγείρειαν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἕκαστον","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐγείρειαν","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"ἐγείρειαν","lemma":"ἐγείρω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing υἷες","gloss":"wake"},{"surface":"βασιλήων","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἕκαστον","gloss":"kings"}]},{"number":167,"label":"167","id":"b10-l167","source":"πάντῃ ἐποιχόμενοι; σὺ δʼ ἀμήχανός ἐσσι γεραιέ.","translation":"But there is no managing you, old man.”","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l167.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντῃ","lemma":"πάντῃ","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐποιχόμενοι","gloss":"everywhere"},{"surface":"ἐποιχόμενοι","lemma":"ἐποίχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐγείρειαν","gloss":"going about"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἐσσι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀμήχανός","lemma":"ἀμήχανος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"unmanageable"},{"surface":"ἐσσι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"γεραιέ","lemma":"γεραιός","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"old man"}]},{"number":168,"label":"168","id":"b10-l168","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ·","translation":"Then Nestor, the Gerenian horseman, spoke to him again:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l168.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"Γερήνιος","lemma":"Γερήνιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἱππότα","gloss":"Gerenian"},{"surface":"ἱππότα","lemma":"ἱππότης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Νέστωρ","gloss":"horseman"},{"surface":"Νέστωρ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπε","gloss":"Nestor"}]},{"number":169,"label":"169","id":"b10-l169","source":"ναὶ δὴ ταῦτά γε πάντα φίλος κατὰ μοῖραν ἔειπες.","translation":"“Yes, my friend, all this you have spoken in due measure.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l169.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ναὶ","lemma":"ναί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ταῦτά","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔειπες","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ταῦτά","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friend"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μοῖραν","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"due measure"},{"surface":"ἔειπες","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you spoke"}]},{"number":170,"label":"170","id":"b10-l170","source":"εἰσὶν μέν μοι παῖδες ἀμύμονες, εἰσὶ δὲ λαοὶ","translation":"I have blameless sons, and I have men,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l170.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰσὶν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there are"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἰσὶν","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"παῖδες","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of εἰσὶν","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"ἀμύμονες","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies παῖδες","gloss":"blameless"},{"surface":"εἰσὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there are"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λαοὶ","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of εἰσὶ","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":171,"label":"171","id":"b10-l171","source":"καὶ πολέες, τῶν κέν τις ἐποιχόμενος καλέσειεν·","translation":"many of them, one of whom might go around and call the others.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l171.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"πολέες","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies λαοὶ","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of whom"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"might"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καλέσειεν","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ἐποιχόμενος","lemma":"ἐποίχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καλέσειεν","gloss":"ranging"},{"surface":"καλέσειεν","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing λαοὶ","gloss":"might call"}]},{"number":172,"label":"172","id":"b10-l172","source":"ἀλλὰ μάλα μεγάλη χρειὼ βεβίηκεν Ἀχαιούς.","translation":"But an overwhelming need has come upon the Achaeans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l172.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"utterly"},{"surface":"μεγάλη","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χρειὼ","gloss":"overwhelming"},{"surface":"χρειὼ","lemma":"χρεώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of βεβίηκεν","gloss":"need"},{"surface":"βεβίηκεν","lemma":"βιάω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has overwhelmed"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of βεβίηκεν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":173,"label":"173","id":"b10-l173","source":"νῦν γὰρ δὴ πάντεσσιν ἐπὶ ξυροῦ ἵσταται ἀκμῆς","translation":"For now, for all of them, the matter stands upon a razor's edge:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l173.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐπὶ ξυροῦ ἵσταται ἀκμῆς","title":"On a razor's edge","body":"The Greek phrase places the army's whole fate on the sharp edge of a razor. The familiar English expression descends from this Homeric image of a balance so fine that either outcome may follow."}],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵσταται","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πάντεσσιν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἵσταται","gloss":"for all"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ξυροῦ","lemma":"ξυρόν","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ἀκμῆς","gloss":"of a razor"},{"surface":"ἵσταται","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stands"},{"surface":"ἀκμῆς","lemma":"ἀκμή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"edge","note":"Together with “razor,” this forms the vivid idiom “on a razor's edge.”"}]},{"number":174,"label":"174","id":"b10-l174","source":"ἢ μάλα λυγρὸς ὄλεθρος Ἀχαιοῖς ἠὲ βιῶναι.","translation":"either utter ruin for the Achaeans, or survival.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l174.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"utter"},{"surface":"λυγρὸς","lemma":"λυγρός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄλεθρος","gloss":"grim"},{"surface":"ὄλεθρος","lemma":"ὄλεθρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"ruin"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοῖς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object","gloss":"for the Achaeans"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"βιῶναι","lemma":"βιόω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"survival"}]},{"number":175,"label":"175","id":"b10-l175","source":"ἀλλʼ ἴθι νῦν Αἴαντα ταχὺν καὶ Φυλέος υἱὸν","translation":"But go now and wake swift Ajax and the son of Phyleus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l175.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἴθι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Αἴαντα","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"ταχὺν","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴαντα","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Φυλέος","lemma":"Φυλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"of Phyleus"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":176,"label":"176","id":"b10-l176","source":"ἄνστησον· σὺ γάρ ἐσσι νεώτερος· εἴ μʼ ἐλεαίρεις.","translation":"for you are younger, if you have any pity for me.”","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l176.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄνστησον","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wake"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἐσσι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐσσι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"you are"},{"surface":"νεώτερος","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"younger"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐλεαίρεις","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἐλεαίρεις","lemma":"ἐλεαίρω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"you pity"}]},{"number":177,"label":"177","id":"b10-l177","source":"ὣς φάθʼ, ὃ δʼ ἀμφʼ ὤμοισιν ἑέσσατο δέρμα λέοντος","translation":"So he spoke; and Diomedes put about his shoulders the hide of a lion,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l177.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάθ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἑέσσατο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"ὤμοισιν","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφ̓","gloss":"his shoulders"},{"surface":"ἑέσσατο","lemma":"ἕννυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put on"},{"surface":"δέρμα","lemma":"δέρμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἑέσσατο","gloss":"hide"},{"surface":"λέοντος","lemma":"λέων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δέρμα","gloss":"lion"}]},{"number":178,"label":"178","id":"b10-l178","source":"αἴθωνος μεγάλοιο ποδηνεκές, εἵλετο δʼ ἔγχος.","translation":"of a great tawny beast, reaching to his feet, and he took his spear.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l178.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἴθωνος","lemma":"αἴθων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"of a tawny beast"},{"surface":"μεγάλοιο","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ποδηνεκές","lemma":"ποδηνεκής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δέρμα","gloss":"to the feet"},{"surface":"εἵλετο","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he took"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἵλετο","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":179,"label":"179","id":"b10-l179","source":"βῆ δʼ ἰέναι, τοὺς δʼ ἔνθεν ἀναστήσας ἄγεν ἥρως.","translation":"He set out, and after rousing those men the hero led them back.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l179.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he set out"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰέναι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of βῆ","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἥρως","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔνθεν","lemma":"ἔνθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἄγεν","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ἀναστήσας","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἄγεν","gloss":"after rousing"},{"surface":"ἄγεν","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"ἥρως","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἄγεν","gloss":"the hero"}]},{"number":180,"label":"180","id":"b10-l180","source":"οἳ δʼ ὅτε δὴ φυλάκεσσιν ἐν ἀγρομένοισιν ἔμιχθεν,","translation":"When they had joined the guards gathered together,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l180.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀλλ̓","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"φυλάκεσσιν","lemma":"φύλαξ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"guards"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἀγρομένοισιν","lemma":"ἀγείρω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, dative plural masculine","role":"modifies φυλάκεσσιν","gloss":"assembled"},{"surface":"ἔμιχθεν","lemma":"μίγνυμι","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"joined"}]},{"number":181,"label":"181","id":"b10-l181","source":"οὐδὲ μὲν εὕδοντας φυλάκων ἡγήτορας εὗρον,","translation":"they did not find the leaders of the guard asleep,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l181.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"εὕδοντας","lemma":"εὕδω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"asleep"},{"surface":"φυλάκων","lemma":"φυλακός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἡγήτορας","gloss":"of the guard"},{"surface":"ἡγήτορας","lemma":"ἡγήτωρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of εὗρον","gloss":"leaders"},{"surface":"εὗρον","lemma":"εὑρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"found"}]},{"number":182,"label":"182","id":"b10-l182","source":"ἀλλʼ ἐγρηγορτὶ σὺν τεύχεσιν εἵατο πάντες.","translation":"but all sat awake with their weapons.","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l182.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐγρηγορτὶ","lemma":"ἐγρηγορτί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἵατο","gloss":"awake"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"τεύχεσιν","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"εἵατο","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"pluperfect middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they sat"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of εἵατο","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":183,"label":"183","id":"b10-l183","source":"ὡς δὲ κύνες περὶ μῆλα δυσωρήσωνται ἐν αὐλῇ","translation":"As dogs keep troubled watch around sheep in a farmyard","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l183.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δυσωρήσωνται","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κύνες","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δυσωρήσωνται","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"μῆλα","lemma":"μῆλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"sheep"},{"surface":"δυσωρήσωνται","lemma":"δυσωρέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"keep troubled watch"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"αὐλῇ","lemma":"αὐλή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"farmyard"}]},{"number":184,"label":"184","id":"b10-l184","source":"θηρὸς ἀκούσαντες κρατερόφρονος, ὅς τε καθʼ ὕλην","translation":"when they hear a strong-hearted beast that through the woods","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l184.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θηρὸς","lemma":"θήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀκούσαντες","gloss":"a beast"},{"surface":"ἀκούσαντες","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to δυσωρήσωνται","gloss":"having heard"},{"surface":"κρατερόφρονος","lemma":"κρατερόφρων","morphology":"genitive singular adjective","role":"modifies θηρὸς","gloss":"strong-hearted"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔρχηται","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"καθ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ὕλην","lemma":"ὕλη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καθ̓","gloss":"forest"}]},{"number":185,"label":"185","id":"b10-l185","source":"ἔρχηται διʼ ὄρεσφι· πολὺς δʼ ὀρυμαγδὸς ἐπʼ αὐτῷ","translation":"comes across the mountains, and a great clamor rises after it","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l185.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔρχηται","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing θηρὸς","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"δι","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"across"},{"surface":"ὄρεσφι","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δἰ","gloss":"mountains"},{"surface":"πολὺς","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀρυμαγδὸς","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀρυμαγδὸς","lemma":"ὀρυμαγδός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"din"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπ̓","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":186,"label":"186","id":"b10-l186","source":"ἀνδρῶν ἠδὲ κυνῶν, ἀπό τέ σφισιν ὕπνος ὄλωλεν·","translation":"from men and dogs, and sleep is lost to them—","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l186.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κυνῶν","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"ἀπό","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"away from"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφισιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπό","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"ὕπνος","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὄλωλεν","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"ὄλωλεν","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τέ","gloss":"is lost"}]},{"number":187,"label":"187","id":"b10-l187","source":"ὣς τῶν νήδυμος ὕπνος ἀπὸ βλεφάροιιν ὀλώλει","translation":"so sweet sleep had been lost from the sentries' eyelids","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l187.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀλώλει","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies βλεφάροιιν","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"νήδυμος","lemma":"νήδυμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὕπνος","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"ὕπνος","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὀλώλει","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"βλεφάροιιν","lemma":"βλέφαρον","morphology":"dative dual neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"eyelids"},{"surface":"ὀλώλει","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had been lost"}]},{"number":188,"label":"188","id":"b10-l188","source":"νύκτα φυλασσομένοισι κακήν· πεδίον δὲ γὰρ αἰεὶ","translation":"as they guarded through the evil night; for toward the plain they always","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l188.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νύκτα","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to φυλασσομένοισι","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"φυλασσομένοισι","lemma":"φυλάσσω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative plural masculine","role":"modifies βλεφάροιιν","gloss":"keeping guard"},{"surface":"κακήν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νύκτα","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"πεδίον","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τετράφαθ̓","gloss":"plain"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τετράφαθ̓","gloss":"always"}]},{"number":189,"label":"189","id":"b10-l189","source":"τετράφαθʼ, ὁππότʼ ἐπὶ Τρώων ἀΐοιεν ἰόντων.","translation":"kept turning whenever they heard the Trojans coming on.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l189.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τετράφαθʼ","title":"A repeated state of readiness","body":"τετράφαθʼ is a Homeric pluperfect form of τρέπω used intransitively: they had kept themselves turned toward the plain. The tense presents their vigilance as an already established, continuing posture."}],"words":[{"surface":"τετράφαθ","lemma":"τρέπω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kept turning"},{"surface":"ὁππότ","lemma":"ὁπότε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"onward"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"object of ἀΐοιεν","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἀΐοιεν","lemma":"ἀίω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὁππότ̓","gloss":"they heard"},{"surface":"ἰόντων","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"coming on"}]},{"number":190,"label":"190","id":"b10-l190","source":"τοὺς δʼ ὃ γέρων γήθησεν ἰδὼν θάρσυνέ τε μύθῳ","translation":"The old man rejoiced when he saw them and encouraged them with words,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l190.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἰδὼν","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies γέρων","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καί","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"γήθησεν","lemma":"γηθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rejoiced"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to γήθησεν","gloss":"when he saw"},{"surface":"θάρσυνέ","lemma":"θαρσύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"encouraged"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μύθῳ","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to θάρσυνέ","gloss":"with words"}]},{"number":191,"label":"191","id":"b10-l191","source":"καί σφεας φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"and speaking, he addressed them with winged words:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l191.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφεας","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"φωνήσας","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":192,"label":"192","id":"b10-l192","source":"οὕτω νῦν φίλα τέκνα φυλάσσετε· μηδέ τινʼ ὕπνος","translation":"“Keep watch so now, dear children, and let sleep","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l192.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὕτω","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φυλάσσετε","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φυλάσσετε","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"φίλα","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέκνα","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"τέκνα","lemma":"τέκνον","morphology":"vocative plural neuter noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"φυλάσσετε","lemma":"φυλάσσω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"keep watch"},{"surface":"τιν","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of αἱρείτω","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ὕπνος","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of αἱρείτω","gloss":"sleep"}]},{"number":193,"label":"193","id":"b10-l193","source":"αἱρείτω, μὴ χάρμα γενώμεθα δυσμενέεσσιν.","translation":"seize no one, lest we become a joy to our enemies.”","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l193.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἱρείτω","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seize"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"χάρμα","lemma":"χάρμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a joy"},{"surface":"γενώμεθα","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to μὴ","gloss":"we become"},{"surface":"δυσμενέεσσιν","lemma":"δυσμενής","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of γενώμεθα","gloss":"to our enemies"}]},{"number":194,"label":"194","id":"b10-l194","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν τάφροιο διέσσυτο· τοὶ δʼ ἅμʼ ἕποντο","translation":"So he spoke and hurried across the trench; and with him followed","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l194.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to διέσσυτο","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"τάφροιο","lemma":"τάφρος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of διέσσυτο","gloss":"the trench"},{"surface":"διέσσυτο","lemma":"διασεύομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hurried across"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕποντο","gloss":"with him"},{"surface":"ἕποντο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"}]},{"number":195,"label":"195","id":"b10-l195","source":"Ἀργείων βασιλῆες ὅσοι κεκλήατο βουλήν.","translation":"the kings of the Argives, all who had been called to council.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l195.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργείων","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βασιλῆες","gloss":"of the Argives"},{"surface":"βασιλῆες","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"kings"},{"surface":"ὅσοι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of κεκλήατο","gloss":"all who"},{"surface":"κεκλήατο","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing βασιλῆες","gloss":"had been summoned"},{"surface":"βουλήν","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κεκλήατο","gloss":"to council"}]},{"number":196,"label":"196","id":"b10-l196","source":"τοῖς δʼ ἅμα Μηριόνης καὶ Νέστορος ἀγλαὸς υἱὸς","translation":"With them went Meriones and the glorious son of Nestor,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l196.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἅμα","gloss":"with them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"along with"},{"surface":"Μηριόνης","lemma":"Μηριόνης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Meriones"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Νέστορος","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"Nestor"},{"surface":"ἀγλαὸς","lemma":"ἀγλαός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":197,"label":"197","id":"b10-l197","source":"ἤϊσαν· αὐτοὶ γὰρ κάλεον συμμητιάασθαι.","translation":"for the kings themselves had called them to share their counsel.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l197.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤϊσαν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"αὐτοὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of κάλεον","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κάλεον","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had called"},{"surface":"συμμητιάασθαι","lemma":"συμμητιάομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of κάλεον","gloss":"to share counsel"}]},{"number":198,"label":"198","id":"b10-l198","source":"τάφρον δʼ ἐκδιαβάντες ὀρυκτὴν ἑδριόωντο","translation":"Crossing over the dug trench, they sat down","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l198.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τάφρον","lemma":"τάφρος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκδιαβάντες","gloss":"trench"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκδιαβάντες","lemma":"ἐκδιαβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἑδριόωντο","gloss":"having crossed"},{"surface":"ὀρυκτὴν","lemma":"ὀρυκτός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies τάφρον","gloss":"dug"},{"surface":"ἑδριόωντο","lemma":"ἑδριάω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat down"}]},{"number":199,"label":"199","id":"b10-l199","source":"ἐν καθαρῷ, ὅθι δὴ νεκύων διεφαίνετο χῶρος","translation":"in a clear place where the ground showed free of corpses.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l199.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"καθαρῷ","lemma":"καθαρός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"clear"},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διεφαίνετο","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νεκύων","lemma":"νέκυς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of διεφαίνετο","gloss":"of corpses"},{"surface":"διεφαίνετο","lemma":"διαφαίνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καθαρῷ","gloss":"showed clear"},{"surface":"χῶρος","lemma":"χῶρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of διεφαίνετο","gloss":"ground"}]},{"number":200,"label":"200","id":"b10-l200","source":"πιπτόντων· ὅθεν αὖτις ἀπετράπετʼ ὄβριμος Ἕκτωρ","translation":"of fallen men; from there mighty Hector had turned back again,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l200.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πιπτόντων","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"present active participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"modifies νεκύων","gloss":"of fallen men"},{"surface":"ὅθεν","lemma":"ὅθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπετράπετ̓","gloss":"from there"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἀπετράπετ","lemma":"ἀποτρέπω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"had turned back"},{"surface":"ὄβριμος","lemma":"ὄβριμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπετράπετ̓","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":201,"label":"201","id":"b10-l201","source":"ὀλλὺς Ἀργείους, ὅτε δὴ περὶ νὺξ ἐκάλυψεν.","translation":"killing Argives, when night at last covered all around.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l201.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀλλὺς","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπετράπετ̓","gloss":"killing"},{"surface":"Ἀργείους","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ὀλλὺς","gloss":"Argives"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"all around"},{"surface":"νὺξ","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐκάλυψεν","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"ἐκάλυψεν","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"covered"}]},{"number":202,"label":"202","id":"b10-l202","source":"ἔνθα καθεζόμενοι ἔπεʼ ἀλλήλοισι πίφαυσκον·","translation":"There they sat and unfolded words to one another,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l202.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καθεζόμενοι","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"καθεζόμενοι","lemma":"καθέζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative masculine","role":"adverbial to πίφαυσκον","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"ἔπε","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πίφαυσκον","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλοισι","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of πίφαυσκον","gloss":"to one another"},{"surface":"πίφαυσκον","lemma":"πιφαύσκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"unfolded"}]},{"number":203,"label":"203","id":"b10-l203","source":"τοῖσι δὲ μύθων ἦρχε Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ·","translation":"and Nestor, the Gerenian horseman, began speaking among them:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l203.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦρχε","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μύθων","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἦρχε","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"ἦρχε","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"Γερήνιος","lemma":"Γερήνιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἱππότα","gloss":"Gerenian"},{"surface":"ἱππότα","lemma":"ἱππότης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Νέστωρ","gloss":"horseman"},{"surface":"Νέστωρ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦρχε","gloss":"Nestor"}]},{"number":204,"label":"204","id":"b10-l204","source":"ὦ φίλοι οὐκ ἂν δή τις ἀνὴρ πεπίθοιθʼ ἑῷ αὐτοῦ","translation":"“Friends, is there no man who would trust his own","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l204.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πεπίθοιθʼ","title":"A cautious optative proposal","body":"πεπίθοιθʼ is an optative with ἄν: “would someone trust” his own daring spirit? Nestor frames the dangerous mission as a tentative invitation rather than naming or commanding a scout."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"o"},{"surface":"φίλοι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friends"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πεπίθοιθ̓","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"πεπίθοιθ","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would trust"},{"surface":"ἑῷ","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμῷ","gloss":"own"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμῷ","gloss":"his very own"}]},{"number":205,"label":"205","id":"b10-l205","source":"θυμῷ τολμήεντι μετὰ Τρῶας μεγαθύμους","translation":"daring spirit and go among the high-hearted Trojans,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l205.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πεπίθοιθ̓","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"τολμήεντι","lemma":"τολμήεις","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"daring"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"Τρῶας","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"μεγαθύμους","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρῶας","gloss":"great-hearted"}]},{"number":206,"label":"206","id":"b10-l206","source":"ἐλθεῖν, εἴ τινά που δηΐων ἕλοι ἐσχατόωντα,","translation":"and perhaps seize some enemy straggler at the edge,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l206.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐλθεῖν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of τολμήεντι","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"τινά","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἕλοι","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"δηΐων","lemma":"δάιος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τινά","gloss":"enemy men"},{"surface":"ἕλοι","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἤ","gloss":"might take"},{"surface":"ἐσχατόωντα","lemma":"ἐσχατάω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"straggling at the edge"}]},{"number":207,"label":"207","id":"b10-l207","source":"ἤ τινά που καὶ φῆμιν ἐνὶ Τρώεσσι πύθοιτο,","translation":"or perhaps learn some report among the Trojans—","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l207.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"τινά","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies φῆμιν","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"φῆμιν","lemma":"φῆμις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"report"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐνὶ","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"πύθοιτο","lemma":"πυνθάνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἤ","gloss":"might learn"}]},{"number":208,"label":"208","id":"b10-l208","source":"ἅσσά τε μητιόωσι μετὰ σφίσιν, ἢ μεμάασιν","translation":"what they are planning among themselves, whether they are eager","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l208.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἅσσά","lemma":"ὅστις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of μητιόωσι","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"μητιόωσι","lemma":"μητιάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of ,","gloss":"are planning"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"σφίσιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"μεμάασιν","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of ἦε","gloss":"they are eager"}]},{"number":209,"label":"209","id":"b10-l209","source":"αὖθι μένειν παρὰ νηυσὶν ἀπόπροθεν, ἦε πόλιν δὲ","translation":"to remain here beside the ships, far from the city, or back toward the city","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l209.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὖθι","lemma":"αὖθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of μένειν","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"μένειν","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of μεμάασιν","gloss":"remain"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of παρὰ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἀπόπροθεν","lemma":"ἀπόπροθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μένειν","gloss":"far from"},{"surface":"ἦε","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀναχωρήσουσιν","gloss":"the city"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"toward"}]},{"number":210,"label":"210","id":"b10-l210","source":"ἂψ ἀναχωρήσουσιν, ἐπεὶ δαμάσαντό γʼ Ἀχαιούς.","translation":"they will withdraw, now that they have defeated the Achaeans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l210.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀναχωρήσουσιν","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ἀναχωρήσουσιν","lemma":"ἀναχωρέω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of ἦε","gloss":"they will withdraw"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"δαμάσαντό","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"they defeated"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of δαμάσαντό","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":211,"label":"211","id":"b10-l211","source":"ταῦτά κε πάντα πύθοιτο, καὶ ἂψ εἰς ἡμέας ἔλθοι","translation":"He might learn all this and come back again to us","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l211.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ταῦτά","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of πύθοιτο","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"might"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ταῦτά","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"πύθοιτο","lemma":"πυνθάνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"might learn"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔλθοι","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἡμέας","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"ἔλθοι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"might return"}]},{"number":212,"label":"212","id":"b10-l212","source":"ἀσκηθής· μέγα κέν οἱ ὑπουράνιον κλέος εἴη","translation":"unharmed; great would be his fame beneath the heavens","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l212.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κλέος","title":"The scout's fame","body":"κλέος is the fame that travels through what people hear and say of a deed. Nestor offers the volunteer both this lasting public renown and the tangible rewards listed next."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀσκηθής","lemma":"ἀσκηθής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unharmed"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies κλέος","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ὑπουράνιον","lemma":"ὑπουράνιος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κλέος","gloss":"under heaven"},{"surface":"κλέος","lemma":"κλέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of εἴη","gloss":"fame"},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"might be"}]},{"number":213,"label":"213","id":"b10-l213","source":"πάντας ἐπʼ ἀνθρώπους, καί οἱ δόσις ἔσσεται ἐσθλή·","translation":"among all mankind, and his gift will be a good one.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l213.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνθρώπους","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπους","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπ̓","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔσσεται","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"δόσις","lemma":"δόσις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔσσεται","gloss":"gift"},{"surface":"ἔσσεται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"ἐσθλή","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies δόσις","gloss":"good"}]},{"number":214,"label":"214","id":"b10-l214","source":"ὅσσοι γὰρ νήεσσιν ἐπικρατέουσιν ἄριστοι","translation":"For as many princes as command the ships,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l214.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅσσοι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄριστοι","gloss":"as many as"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"νήεσσιν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπικρατέουσιν","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"ἐπικρατέουσιν","lemma":"ἐπικρατέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τῶν","gloss":"command"},{"surface":"ἄριστοι","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐπικρατέουσιν","gloss":"princes"}]},{"number":215,"label":"215","id":"b10-l215","source":"τῶν πάντων οἱ ἕκαστος ὄϊν δώσουσι μέλαιναν","translation":"each one of them will give him a black ewe,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l215.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἕκαστος","gloss":"of them"},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τῶν","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δώσουσι","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"ἕκαστος","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of δώσουσι","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"ὄϊν","lemma":"ὄις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δώσουσι","gloss":"ewe"},{"surface":"δώσουσι","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will give"},{"surface":"μέλαιναν","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":216,"label":"216","id":"b10-l216","source":"θῆλυν ὑπόρρηνον· τῇ μὲν κτέρας οὐδὲν ὁμοῖον,","translation":"a female with a lamb beneath her; no possession equals her,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l216.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θῆλυν","lemma":"θη~λυς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"female"},{"surface":"ὑπόρρηνον","lemma":"ὑπόρρηνος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"with lamb beneath"},{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"to her"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κτέρας","lemma":"κτέρας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"possession"},{"surface":"οὐδὲν","lemma":"οὐδείς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κτέρας","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"ὁμοῖον","lemma":"ὅμοιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"equal"}]},{"number":217,"label":"217","id":"b10-l217","source":"αἰεὶ δʼ ἐν δαίτῃσι καὶ εἰλαπίνῃσι παρέσται.","translation":"and he will always be present at feasts and banquets.”","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l217.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παρέσται","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"δαίτῃσι","lemma":"δαίτη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"feasts"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἰλαπίνῃσι","lemma":"εἰλαπίνη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"banquets"},{"surface":"παρέσται","lemma":"πάρειμι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be present"}]},{"number":218,"label":"218","id":"b10-l218","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἀκὴν ἐγένοντο σιωπῇ.","translation":"So he spoke, and they all fell hushed in silence;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l218.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐγένοντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἳ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀκὴν","lemma":"ἀκήν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐγένοντο","gloss":"hushed"},{"surface":"ἐγένοντο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they became"},{"surface":"σιωπῇ","lemma":"σιωπή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐγένοντο","gloss":"in silence"}]},{"number":219,"label":"219","id":"b10-l219","source":"τοῖσι δὲ καὶ μετέειπε βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Διομήδης·","translation":"and among them Diomedes, good at the war-cry, spoke:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l219.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of μετέειπε","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μετέειπε","lemma":"μετεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"βοὴν","lemma":"βοή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀγαθὸς","gloss":"at the war-cry"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὸς","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διομήδης","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"Διομήδης","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μετέειπε","gloss":"Diomedes"}]},{"number":220,"label":"220","id":"b10-l220","source":"Νέστορ ἔμʼ ὀτρύνει κραδίη καὶ θυμὸς ἀγήνωρ","translation":"“Nestor, my heart and proud spirit urge me","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l220.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Νέστορ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Nestor"},{"surface":"ἔμ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δῦναι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ὀτρύνει","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urges"},{"surface":"κραδίη","lemma":"καρδία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"ἀγήνωρ","lemma":"ἀγήνωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμὸς","gloss":"proud"}]},{"number":221,"label":"221","id":"b10-l221","source":"ἀνδρῶν δυσμενέων δῦναι στρατὸν ἐγγὺς ἐόντων","translation":"to enter the nearby camp of our enemies,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l221.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"δυσμενέων","lemma":"δυσμενής","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"enemy"},{"surface":"δῦναι","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ὀτρύνει","gloss":"to enter"},{"surface":"στρατὸν","lemma":"στρατός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δῦναι","gloss":"the camp"},{"surface":"ἐγγὺς","lemma":"ἐγγύς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐόντων","gloss":"nearby"},{"surface":"ἐόντων","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"who are"}]},{"number":222,"label":"222","id":"b10-l222","source":"Τρώων· ἀλλʼ εἴ τίς μοι ἀνὴρ ἅμʼ ἕποιτο καὶ ἄλλος","translation":"the Trojans. But if another man would go with me,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l222.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἕποιτο","gloss":"with me"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕποιτο","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕποιτο","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"ἕποιτο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"would follow"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"another"}]},{"number":223,"label":"223","id":"b10-l223","source":"μᾶλλον θαλπωρὴ καὶ θαρσαλεώτερον ἔσται.","translation":"there will be greater comfort, and greater confidence.","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l223.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μᾶλλον","lemma":"μᾶλλον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσται","gloss":"greater"},{"surface":"θαλπωρὴ","lemma":"θαλπωρή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"comfort"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θαρσαλεώτερον","lemma":"θαρσαλέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"greater confidence"},{"surface":"ἔσται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be"}]},{"number":224,"label":"224","id":"b10-l224","source":"σύν τε δύʼ ἐρχομένω καί τε πρὸ ὃ τοῦ ἐνόησεν","translation":"When two go together, one sees before the other","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l224.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"δύʼ ἐρχομένω","title":"Two going together","body":"The participle ἐρχομένω is dual, marking a pair acting together. Diomedes' argument is built into the grammar: two minds give counsel an advantage that one mind lacks."}],"words":[{"surface":"σύν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δύ","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"subject of ἐρχομένω","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"ἐρχομένω","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐνόησεν","gloss":"travel together"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"πρὸ","lemma":"πρό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐνόησεν","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to πρὸ","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"ἐνόησεν","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sees","note":"This closes a proverbial reflection on the advantage of two companions traveling together."}]},{"number":225,"label":"225","id":"b10-l225","source":"ὅππως κέρδος ἔῃ· μοῦνος δʼ εἴ πέρ τε νοήσῃ","translation":"how there may be gain; but even if a man alone perceives it,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l225.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅππως","lemma":"ὅπως","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"κέρδος","lemma":"κέρδος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔῃ","gloss":"gain"},{"surface":"ἔῃ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ὅππως","gloss":"there may be"},{"surface":"μοῦνος","lemma":"μόνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"πέρ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"νοήσῃ","lemma":"νόησις","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"he perceives"}]},{"number":226,"label":"226","id":"b10-l226","source":"ἀλλά τέ οἱ βράσσων τε νόος, λεπτὴ δέ τε μῆτις.","translation":"his mind is slower, and his counsel is thin.”","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l226.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"λεπτὴ δέ τε μῆτις","title":"Thin counsel","body":"λεπτός means “thin” or “fine.” Applied to μῆτις here, it makes a lone man's practical intelligence slight or scant compared with the fuller foresight two companions can share."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies νόος","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"βράσσων","lemma":"βραδύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"slower"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νόος","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"λεπτὴ","lemma":"λεπτός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"thin"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"μῆτις","lemma":"μῆτις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"counsel"}]},{"number":227,"label":"227","id":"b10-l227","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἔθελον Διομήδεϊ πολλοὶ ἕπεσθαι.","translation":"So he spoke, and many were willing to follow Diomedes.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l227.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔθελον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔθελον","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were willing"},{"surface":"Διομήδεϊ","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕπεσθαι","gloss":"Diomedes"},{"surface":"πολλοὶ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἳ","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ἕπεσθαι","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἔθελον","gloss":"follow"}]},{"number":228,"label":"228","id":"b10-l228","source":"ἠθελέτην Αἴαντε δύω θεράποντες Ἄρηος,","translation":"The two Ajaxes, attendants of Ares, both wished to go,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l228.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἠθελέτην Αἴαντε δύω","title":"Both Ajaxes in the dual","body":"The verb ἠθελέτην and the name Αἴαντε are dual forms, reinforced by δύω, “two.” Homer treats Ajax, son of Telamon, and Ajax, son of Oileus, as one paired unit in the offer."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἠθελέτην","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"both wished"},{"surface":"Αἴαντε","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Ajaxes"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies Αἴαντε","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"θεράποντες","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies Αἴαντε","gloss":"attendants"},{"surface":"Ἄρηος","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θεράποντες","gloss":"of Ares"}]},{"number":229,"label":"229","id":"b10-l229","source":"ἤθελε Μηριόνης, μάλα δʼ ἤθελε Νέστορος υἱός,","translation":"Meriones wished it, and the son of Nestor wished it greatly,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l229.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤθελε","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wished"},{"surface":"Μηριόνης","lemma":"Μηριόνης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤθελε","gloss":"Meriones"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤθελε","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤθελε","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wished"},{"surface":"Νέστορος","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"of Nestor"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤθελε","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":230,"label":"230","id":"b10-l230","source":"ἤθελε δʼ Ἀτρεΐδης δουρικλειτὸς Μενέλαος,","translation":"and Menelaus, famed with the spear, wished it,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l230.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤθελε","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wished"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδης","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"δουρικλειτὸς","lemma":"δουρικλειτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενέλαος","gloss":"spear-famed"},{"surface":"Μενέλαος","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":231,"label":"231","id":"b10-l231","source":"ἤθελε δʼ ὁ τλήμων Ὀδυσεὺς καταδῦναι ὅμιλον","translation":"and enduring Odysseus wished to enter the throng","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l231.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὁ τλήμων Ὀδυσεὺς","title":"Enduring Odysseus","body":"Here τλήμων is a local adjective, “enduring” or “daring to undergo,” suited to the dangerous entry into the Trojan camp. It is not the full standing formula πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς, “much-enduring godlike Odysseus.”"}],"words":[{"surface":"ἤθελε","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wished"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies Ὀδυσεὺς","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"τλήμων","lemma":"τλήμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσεὺς","gloss":"enduring"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤθελε","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"καταδῦναι","lemma":"καταδύω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"to enter"},{"surface":"ὅμιλον","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καταδῦναι","gloss":"the throng"}]},{"number":232,"label":"232","id":"b10-l232","source":"Τρώων· αἰεὶ γάρ οἱ ἐνὶ φρεσὶ θυμὸς ἐτόλμα.","translation":"of Trojans, for the spirit in his heart was always daring.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l232.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies ὅμιλον","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐτόλμα","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies φρεσὶ","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"modifies ἐνὶ","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐτόλμα","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"ἐτόλμα","lemma":"τολμάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was daring"}]},{"number":233,"label":"233","id":"b10-l233","source":"τοῖσι δὲ καὶ μετέειπεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων·","translation":"Then among them spoke Agamemnon, lord of men:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l233.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of μετέειπεν","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μετέειπεν","lemma":"μετεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke among them"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄναξ","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μετέειπεν","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":234,"label":"234","id":"b10-l234","source":"Τυδεΐδη Διόμηδες ἐμῷ κεχαρισμένε θυμῷ","translation":"\"Diomedes, son of Tydeus, dear to my heart,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l234.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τυδεΐδη","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Διόμηδες","gloss":"son of Tydeus"},{"surface":"Διόμηδες","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Diomedes"},{"surface":"ἐμῷ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμῷ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"κεχαρισμένε","lemma":"χαρίζομαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, vocative singular masculine","role":"modifies Διόμηδες","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κεχαρισμένε","gloss":"in my heart"}]},{"number":235,"label":"235","id":"b10-l235","source":"τὸν μὲν δὴ ἕταρόν γʼ αἱρήσεαι ὅν κʼ ἐθέλῃσθα,","translation":"you shall choose as your companion whichever man you wish,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l235.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of αἱρήσεαι","gloss":"that man"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἕταρόν","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"companion"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"αἱρήσεαι","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you shall choose"},{"surface":"ὅν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐθέλῃσθα","gloss":"whichever"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"ἐθέλῃσθα","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τὸν","gloss":"you wish"}]},{"number":236,"label":"236","id":"b10-l236","source":"φαινομένων τὸν ἄριστον, ἐπεὶ μεμάασί γε πολλοί.","translation":"the best of those who have come forward, since many are eager.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l236.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φαινομένων","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"modifies τὸν","gloss":"those volunteering"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies ἄριστον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἄριστον","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"the best"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"μεμάασί","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"are eager"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πολλοί","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of μεμάασί","gloss":"many"}]},{"number":237,"label":"237","id":"b10-l237","source":"μηδὲ σύ γʼ αἰδόμενος σῇσι φρεσὶ τὸν μὲν ἀρείω","translation":"Do not, from awe within your heart, leave the better man behind","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l237.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of καλλείπειν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"αἰδόμενος","lemma":"αἰδέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καλλείπειν","gloss":"out of respect"},{"surface":"σῇσι","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρεσὶ","gloss":"in your"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to αἰδόμενος","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies ἀρείω","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀρείω","lemma":"ἀρείων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"object of καλλείπειν","gloss":"the better"}]},{"number":238,"label":"238","id":"b10-l238","source":"καλλείπειν, σὺ δὲ χείρονʼ ὀπάσσεαι αἰδοῖ εἴκων","translation":"and take the worse, yielding to respect","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l238.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καλλείπειν","lemma":"καταλείπω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"leave behind"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ὀπάσσεαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"χείρον","lemma":"χείρων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"object of ὀπάσσεαι","gloss":"the worse"},{"surface":"ὀπάσσεαι","lemma":"ὀπάζω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"choose"},{"surface":"αἰδοῖ","lemma":"αἰδώς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἴκων","gloss":"respect"},{"surface":"εἴκων","lemma":"εἴκω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὀπάσσεαι","gloss":"yielding"}]},{"number":239,"label":"239","id":"b10-l239","source":"ἐς γενεὴν ὁρόων, μηδʼ εἰ βασιλεύτερός ἐστιν.","translation":"as you look to his lineage, not even if he is more kingly.”","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l239.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"γενεὴν","lemma":"γενεά","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"lineage"},{"surface":"ὁρόων","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὀπάσσεαι","gloss":"considering"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"even if"},{"surface":"βασιλεύτερός","lemma":"βασίλειος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"more kingly"},{"surface":"ἐστιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":240,"label":"240","id":"b10-l240","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, ἔδεισεν δὲ περὶ ξανθῷ Μενελάῳ.","translation":"So he spoke, for he feared for golden-haired Menelaus.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l240.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ἔδεισεν","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he feared"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ξανθῷ","lemma":"ξανθός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενελάῳ","gloss":"golden-haired"},{"surface":"Μενελάῳ","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":241,"label":"241","id":"b10-l241","source":"τοῖς δʼ αὖτις μετέειπε βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Διομήδης·","translation":"Then Diomedes, good at the war-cry, spoke among them again:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l241.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of μετέειπε","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"μετέειπε","lemma":"μετεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"βοὴν","lemma":"βοή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀγαθὸς","gloss":"at the war-cry"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὸς","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διομήδης","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"Διομήδης","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μετέειπε","gloss":"Diomedes"}]},{"number":242,"label":"242","id":"b10-l242","source":"εἰ μὲν δὴ ἕταρόν γε κελεύετέ μʼ αὐτὸν ἑλέσθαι,","translation":"“If you command me to choose my companion myself,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l242.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἕταρόν","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἑλέσθαι","gloss":"companion"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κελεύετέ","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"you command"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἑλέσθαι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"ἑλέσθαι","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of κελεύετέ","gloss":"to choose"}]},{"number":243,"label":"243","id":"b10-l243","source":"πῶς ἂν ἔπειτʼ Ὀδυσῆος ἐγὼ θείοιο λαθοίμην,","translation":"how then could I forget godlike Odysseus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l243.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πῶς","lemma":"πῶς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λαθοίμην","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of λαθοίμην","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of λαθοίμην","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"θείοιο","lemma":"θεῖος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσῆος","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"λαθοίμην","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"could I forget"}]},{"number":244,"label":"244","id":"b10-l244","source":"οὗ πέρι μὲν πρόφρων κραδίη καὶ θυμὸς ἀγήνωρ","translation":"whose eager heart and proud spirit excel","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l244.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὗ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies πέρι","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"πέρι","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"excels"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πρόφρων","lemma":"πρόφρων","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"eager"},{"surface":"κραδίη","lemma":"καρδία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"ἀγήνωρ","lemma":"ἀγήνωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμὸς","gloss":"proud"}]},{"number":245,"label":"245","id":"b10-l245","source":"ἐν πάντεσσι πόνοισι, φιλεῖ δέ ἑ Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη.","translation":"in every kind of toil, and Pallas Athena loves him?","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l245.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πάντεσσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόνοισι","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"πόνοισι","lemma":"πόνος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"toil"},{"surface":"φιλεῖ","lemma":"φιλέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δέ","gloss":"loves"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of φιλεῖ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"Παλλὰς","lemma":"Παλλάς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"Pallas"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of φιλεῖ","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":246,"label":"246","id":"b10-l246","source":"τούτου γʼ ἑσπομένοιο καὶ ἐκ πυρὸς αἰθομένοιο","translation":"With this man following me, even from blazing fire","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l246.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τούτου","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἑσπομένοιο","gloss":"this man"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἑσπομένοιο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"adverbial to νοστήσαιμεν","gloss":"following"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πυρὸς","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"αἰθομένοιο","lemma":"αἴθω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular neuter","role":"modifies πυρὸς","gloss":"blazing"}]},{"number":247,"label":"247","id":"b10-l247","source":"ἄμφω νοστήσαιμεν, ἐπεὶ περίοιδε νοῆσαι.","translation":"we both would return, for he excels in understanding.”","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l247.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"νοστήσαιμεν","title":"A confident potential optative","body":"νοστήσαιμεν is an aorist optative: with Odysseus beside him, Diomedes says the two “would return” even from fire. The form presents survival as the expected potential result of Odysseus's exceptional foresight."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἄμφω","lemma":"ἄμφω","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"νοστήσαιμεν","lemma":"νοστέω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we might return"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"περίοιδε","lemma":"περίοιδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"excels"},{"surface":"νοῆσαι","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of περίοιδε","gloss":"in understanding"}]},{"number":248,"label":"248","id":"b10-l248","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"Then much-enduring godlike Odysseus addressed him in turn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l248.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"πολύτλας","lemma":"πολύτλας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"much-enduring"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπε","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":249,"label":"249","id":"b10-l249","source":"Τυδεΐδη μήτʼ ἄρ με μάλʼ αἴνεε μήτέ τι νείκει·","translation":"“Son of Tydeus, neither praise me greatly nor blame me at all,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l249.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τυδεΐδη","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son of Tydeus"},{"surface":"μήτ","lemma":"μήτε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of μήτέ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to αἴνεε","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"αἴνεε","lemma":"αἰνέω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"praise"},{"surface":"μήτέ","lemma":"μήτε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to νείκει","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"νείκει","lemma":"νεικέω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"blame"}]},{"number":250,"label":"250","id":"b10-l250","source":"εἰδόσι γάρ τοι ταῦτα μετʼ Ἀργείοις ἀγορεύεις.","translation":"for you say these things among Argives who know me.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l250.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰδόσι","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active participle, dative plural masculine","role":"object of ἀγορεύεις","gloss":"who know"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀγορεύεις","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"Ἀργείοις","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of μετ̓","gloss":"Argives"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύεις","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you speak"}]},{"number":251,"label":"251","id":"b10-l251","source":"ἀλλʼ ἴομεν· μάλα γὰρ νὺξ ἄνεται, ἐγγύθι δʼ ἠώς,","translation":"But let us go; for the night is waning, and dawn is near,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l251.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἴομεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄνεται","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"νὺξ","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἄνεται","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"ἄνεται","lemma":"ἄνω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is waning"},{"surface":"ἐγγύθι","lemma":"ἐγγύθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠώς","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Dawn"}]},{"number":252,"label":"252","id":"b10-l252","source":"ἄστρα δὲ δὴ προβέβηκε, παροίχωκεν δὲ πλέων νὺξ","translation":"the stars have advanced, and more of the night has passed","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l252.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἄστρα δὲ δὴ προβέβηκε, παροίχωκεν","title":"The night has advanced","body":"Both προβέβηκε and παροίχωκεν are perfect forms: the stars have moved forward and the night has gone by. Their present result matters more than the motion itself—little darkness remains for the mission."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἄστρα","lemma":"ἄστρον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of προβέβηκε","gloss":"stars"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"προβέβηκε","lemma":"προβαίνω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have advanced"},{"surface":"παροίχωκεν","lemma":"παροίχομαι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has passed"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πλέων","lemma":"πλέως","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies μοιράων","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"νὺξ","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of παροίχωκεν","gloss":"night"}]},{"number":253,"label":"253","id":"b10-l253","source":"τῶν δύο μοιράων, τριτάτη δʼ ἔτι μοῖρα λέλειπται.","translation":"than two of its portions, and still the third portion remains.”","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l253.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural feminine article","role":"modifies μοιράων","gloss":"of its"},{"surface":"δύο","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies μοιράων","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"μοιράων","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies νὺξ","gloss":"portions"},{"surface":"τριτάτη","lemma":"τρίτατος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μοῖρα","gloss":"third"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λέλειπται","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"μοῖρα","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of λέλειπται","gloss":"portion"},{"surface":"λέλειπται","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"remains"}]},{"number":254,"label":"254","id":"b10-l254","source":"ὣς εἰπόνθʼ ὅπλοισιν ἔνι δεινοῖσιν ἐδύτην.","translation":"So the two spoke; and they put on their dread armor.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l254.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"εἰπόνθʼ ὅπλοισιν ἔνι δεινοῖσιν ἐδύτην","title":"The two scouts in the dual","body":"Both the participle εἰπόνθʼ and the verb ἐδύτην are dual forms. The grammar now treats Diomedes and Odysseus as a pair acting together."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπόνθ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπόνθ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐδύτην","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"ὅπλοισιν","lemma":"ὅπλον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔνι","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἔνι","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δεινοῖσιν","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὅπλοισιν","gloss":"dread"},{"surface":"ἐδύτην","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they put on"}]},{"number":255,"label":"255","id":"b10-l255","source":"Τυδεΐδῃ μὲν δῶκε μενεπτόλεμος Θρασυμήδης","translation":"Steadfast-in-battle Thrasymedes gave the son of Tydeus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l255.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τυδεΐδῃ","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δῶκε","gloss":"to Tydeus' son"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δῶκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"μενεπτόλεμος","lemma":"μενεπτόλεμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Θρασυμήδης","gloss":"steadfast-in-battle"},{"surface":"Θρασυμήδης","lemma":"Θρασυμήδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δῶκε","gloss":"Thrasymedes"}]},{"number":256,"label":"256","id":"b10-l256","source":"φάσγανον ἄμφηκες· τὸ δʼ ἑὸν παρὰ νηῒ λέλειπτο·","translation":"a two-edged sword, for his own had been left beside his ship,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l256.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φάσγανον","lemma":"φάσγανον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"ἄμφηκες","lemma":"ἀμφήκης","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies φάσγανον","gloss":"two-edged"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter article","role":"modifies ἑὸν","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"ἑὸν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of λέλειπτο","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηῒ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of παρὰ","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"λέλειπτο","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"had been left"}]},{"number":257,"label":"257","id":"b10-l257","source":"καὶ σάκος· ἀμφὶ δέ οἱ κυνέην κεφαλῆφιν ἔθηκε","translation":"and a shield; and around his head he set a helmet","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l257.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σάκος","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies κεφαλῆφιν","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"κυνέην","lemma":"κυνέη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔθηκε","gloss":"helmet"},{"surface":"κεφαλῆφιν","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"genitive feminine noun","role":"object of ἔθηκε","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"ἔθηκε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he placed"}]},{"number":258,"label":"258","id":"b10-l258","source":"ταυρείην, ἄφαλόν τε καὶ ἄλλοφον, ἥ τε καταῖτυξ","translation":"of bull's hide, without horn or crest, the kind called a skullcap,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l258.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἄφαλόν τε καὶ ἄλλοφον","title":"A plain leather skullcap","body":"The helmet has neither φάλος, the projecting ridge or horn, nor λόφος, the crest. Homer distinguishes this light leather cap from the crested bronze helmets of open battle."}],"words":[{"surface":"ταυρείην","lemma":"ταύρειος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κυνέην","gloss":"of bull's hide"},{"surface":"ἄφαλόν","lemma":"ἄφαλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"hornless"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλοφον","lemma":"ἄλλοφος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"crestless"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καταῖτυξ","lemma":"καταῖτυξ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"skullcap","note":"A rare lexical term for a plain leather skullcap without horn or crest."}]},{"number":259,"label":"259","id":"b10-l259","source":"κέκληται, ῥύεται δὲ κάρη θαλερῶν αἰζηῶν.","translation":"which guards the heads of vigorous young men.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l259.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κέκληται","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"is called"},{"surface":"ῥύεται","lemma":"ῥύομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"guards"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κάρη","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ῥύεται","gloss":"heads"},{"surface":"θαλερῶν","lemma":"θαλερός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies αἰζηῶν","gloss":"vigorous"},{"surface":"αἰζηῶν","lemma":"αἰζηός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κάρη","gloss":"young men"}]},{"number":260,"label":"260","id":"b10-l260","source":"Μηριόνης δʼ Ὀδυσῆϊ δίδου βιὸν ἠδὲ φαρέτρην","translation":"Meriones gave Odysseus a bow and a quiver","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l260.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μηριόνης","lemma":"Μηριόνης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δίδου","gloss":"Meriones"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆϊ","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δίδου","gloss":"to Odysseus"},{"surface":"δίδου","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"βιὸν","lemma":"βιός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"bow"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φαρέτρην","lemma":"φαρέτρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"quiver"}]},{"number":261,"label":"261","id":"b10-l261","source":"καὶ ξίφος, ἀμφὶ δέ οἱ κυνέην κεφαλῆφιν ἔθηκε","translation":"and a sword, and around his head he set a helmet","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l261.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ξίφος","lemma":"ξίφος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies κεφαλῆφιν","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"κυνέην","lemma":"κυνέη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔθηκε","gloss":"helmet"},{"surface":"κεφαλῆφιν","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"genitive feminine noun","role":"object of ἔθηκε","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"ἔθηκε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he placed"}]},{"number":262,"label":"262","id":"b10-l262","source":"ῥινοῦ ποιητήν· πολέσιν δʼ ἔντοσθεν ἱμᾶσιν","translation":"made of hide; inside, with many leather thongs","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l262.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥινοῦ","lemma":"ῥινόν","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ποιητήν","gloss":"of hide"},{"surface":"ποιητήν","lemma":"ποιητός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κυνέην","gloss":"fashioned"},{"surface":"πολέσιν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἱμᾶσιν","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔντοσθεν","lemma":"ἔντοσθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐντέτατο","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"ἱμᾶσιν","lemma":"ἱμάς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐντέτατο","gloss":"straps"}]},{"number":263,"label":"263","id":"b10-l263","source":"ἐντέτατο στερεῶς· ἔκτοσθε δὲ λευκοὶ ὀδόντες","translation":"it had been stretched tight, while outside the white tusks","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l263.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐντέτατο","lemma":"ἐντείνω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was stretched"},{"surface":"στερεῶς","lemma":"στερεός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐντέτατο","gloss":"tightly"},{"surface":"ἔκτοσθε","lemma":"ἔκτοσθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχον","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λευκοὶ","lemma":"λευκός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀδόντες","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"ὀδόντες","lemma":"ὀδών","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔχον","gloss":"tusks"}]},{"number":264,"label":"264","id":"b10-l264","source":"ἀργιόδοντος ὑὸς θαμέες ἔχον ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα","translation":"of a white-tusked boar stood thickly set on either side,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l264.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀργιόδοντος","lemma":"ἀργιόδους","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὑὸς","gloss":"white-tusked"},{"surface":"ὑὸς","lemma":"ὗς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὀδόντες","gloss":"boar"},{"surface":"θαμέες","lemma":"θαμέες","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"thickly"},{"surface":"ἔχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were set"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"on one side"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"on the other"}]},{"number":265,"label":"265","id":"b10-l265","source":"εὖ καὶ ἐπισταμένως· μέσσῃ δʼ ἐνὶ πῖλος ἀρήρει.","translation":"well and skillfully; and felt was fitted in the middle.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l265.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπισταμένως","lemma":"ἐπισταμένως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"skillfully"},{"surface":"μέσσῃ","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"in the middle"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πῖλος","lemma":"πῖλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀρήρει","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"ἀρήρει","lemma":"ἀραρίσκω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was fitted"}]},{"number":266,"label":"266","id":"b10-l266","source":"τήν ῥά ποτʼ ἐξ Ἐλεῶνος Ἀμύντορος Ὀρμενίδαο","translation":"Once from Eleon, from Amyntor, son of Ormenus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l266.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τήν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἐξέλετ̓","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Ἐλεῶνος","lemma":"Ἐλεών","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"from Eleon"},{"surface":"Ἀμύντορος","lemma":"Ἀμύντωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξέλετ̓","gloss":"of Amyntor"},{"surface":"Ὀρμενίδαο","lemma":"Ὀρμενίδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀμύντορος","gloss":"son of Ormenus"}]},{"number":267,"label":"267","id":"b10-l267","source":"ἐξέλετʼ Αὐτόλυκος πυκινὸν δόμον ἀντιτορήσας,","translation":"Autolycus had taken it, breaking through his close-built house,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l267.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξέλετ","lemma":"ἐξαιρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had taken"},{"surface":"Αὐτόλυκος","lemma":"Αὐτόλυκος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐξέλετ̓","gloss":"Autolycus"},{"surface":"πυκινὸν","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δόμον","gloss":"close-built"},{"surface":"δόμον","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀντιτορήσας","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"ἀντιτορήσας","lemma":"ἀντιτορέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐξέλετ̓","gloss":"breaking through"}]},{"number":268,"label":"268","id":"b10-l268","source":"Σκάνδειαν δʼ ἄρα δῶκε Κυθηρίῳ Ἀμφιδάμαντι·","translation":"and he gave it to Amphidamas of Cythera to take to Scandeia;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l268.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Σκάνδειαν","lemma":"Σκάνδεια","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to δῶκε","gloss":"to Scandeia"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δῶκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"Κυθηρίῳ","lemma":"Κυθήριος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀμφιδάμαντι","gloss":"of Cythera"},{"surface":"Ἀμφιδάμαντι","lemma":"Ἀμφιδάμας","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δῶκε","gloss":"to Amphidamas"}]},{"number":269,"label":"269","id":"b10-l269","source":"Ἀμφιδάμας δὲ Μόλῳ δῶκε ξεινήϊον εἶναι,","translation":"Amphidamas gave it to Molus as a guest-gift,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l269.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀμφιδάμας","lemma":"Ἀμφιδάμας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δῶκε","gloss":"Amphidamas"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μόλῳ","lemma":"Μόλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δῶκε","gloss":"to Molus"},{"surface":"δῶκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"ξεινήϊον","lemma":"ξεινήιον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"guest-gift"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to δῶκε","gloss":"as"}]},{"number":270,"label":"270","id":"b10-l270","source":"αὐτὰρ ὃ Μηριόνῃ δῶκεν ᾧ παιδὶ φορῆναι·","translation":"and he gave it to his son Meriones to wear;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l270.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δῶκεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"Μηριόνῃ","lemma":"Μηριόνης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"to Meriones"},{"surface":"δῶκεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies παιδὶ","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"παιδὶ","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"φορῆναι","lemma":"φορέω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to δῶκεν","gloss":"to wear"}]},{"number":271,"label":"271","id":"b10-l271","source":"δὴ τότʼ Ὀδυσσῆος πύκασεν κάρη ἀμφιτεθεῖσα.","translation":"and now, set around Odysseus, it covered his head.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l271.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and now"},{"surface":"τότ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πύκασεν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κάρη","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"πύκασεν","lemma":"πυκάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"covered"},{"surface":"κάρη","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of πύκασεν","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"ἀμφιτεθεῖσα","lemma":"ἀμφιτίθημι","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to πύκασεν","gloss":"placed around him"}]},{"number":272,"label":"272","id":"b10-l272","source":"τὼ δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν ὅπλοισιν ἔνι δεινοῖσιν ἐδύτην,","translation":"When the two had put on their dread armor,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l272.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὅπλοισιν","lemma":"ὅπλον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔνι","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἔνι","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δεινοῖσιν","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὅπλοισιν","gloss":"dread"},{"surface":"ἐδύτην","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"they put on"}]},{"number":273,"label":"273","id":"b10-l273","source":"βάν ῥʼ ἰέναι, λιπέτην δὲ κατʼ αὐτόθι πάντας ἀρίστους.","translation":"they set out, leaving all the princes there behind them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l273.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βάν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set out"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἰέναι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of βάν","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"λιπέτην","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they left"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"αὐτόθι","lemma":"αὐτόθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of λιπέτην","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀρίστους","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀρίστους","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of λιπέτην","gloss":"the best"}]},{"number":274,"label":"274","id":"b10-l274","source":"τοῖσι δὲ δεξιὸν ἧκεν ἐρῳδιὸν ἐγγὺς ὁδοῖο","translation":"Pallas Athena sent them a heron on the right, close beside the road;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l274.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἧκεν","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δεξιὸν","lemma":"δεξιός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐρῳδιὸν","gloss":"on the right"},{"surface":"ἧκεν","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent"},{"surface":"ἐρῳδιὸν","lemma":"ἐρῳδιός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἧκεν","gloss":"heron"},{"surface":"ἐγγὺς","lemma":"ἐγγύς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ὁδοῖο","lemma":"ὁδός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐγγὺς","gloss":"beside the road"}]},{"number":275,"label":"275","id":"b10-l275","source":"Παλλὰς Ἀθηναίη· τοὶ δʼ οὐκ ἴδον ὀφθαλμοῖσι","translation":"they could not see it with their eyes","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l275.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Παλλὰς","lemma":"Παλλάς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθηναίη","gloss":"Pallas"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἧκεν","gloss":"Athena"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀλλὰ","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἴδον","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμοῖσι","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἴδον","gloss":"eyes"}]},{"number":276,"label":"276","id":"b10-l276","source":"νύκτα διʼ ὀρφναίην, ἀλλὰ κλάγξαντος ἄκουσαν.","translation":"through the murky night, but heard it cry.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l276.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νύκτα","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δἰ","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"δι","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ὀρφναίην","lemma":"ὀρφναῖος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νύκτα","gloss":"murky"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κλάγξαντος","lemma":"κλάζω","morphology":"aorist active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"it crying"},{"surface":"ἄκουσαν","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heard"}]},{"number":277,"label":"277","id":"b10-l277","source":"χαῖρε δὲ τῷ ὄρνιθʼ Ὀδυσεύς, ἠρᾶτο δʼ Ἀθήνῃ·","translation":"Odysseus rejoiced at the bird and prayed to Athena:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l277.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χαῖρε","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rejoiced"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine article","role":"modifies ὄρνιθ̓","gloss":"at it"},{"surface":"ὄρνιθ","lemma":"ὄρνις","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of χαῖρε","gloss":"at the bird"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"ἠρᾶτο","lemma":"ἀράομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"prayed"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνῃ","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἠρᾶτο","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":278,"label":"278","id":"b10-l278","source":"κλῦθί μευ αἰγιόχοιο Διὸς τέκος, ἥ τέ μοι αἰεὶ","translation":"“Hear me, child of aegis-bearing Zeus, you who always","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l278.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κλῦθί","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hear"},{"surface":"μευ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κλῦθί","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"αἰγιόχοιο","lemma":"αἰγίοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"who bears the aegis"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τέκος","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"τέκος","lemma":"τέκος","morphology":"vocative singular neuter noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of παρίστασαι","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of παρίστασαι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παρίστασαι","gloss":"always"}]},{"number":279,"label":"279","id":"b10-l279","source":"ἐν πάντεσσι πόνοισι παρίστασαι, οὐδέ σε λήθω","translation":"stand beside me in every toil, and no movement of mine escapes you;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l279.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πάντεσσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόνοισι","gloss":"in every"},{"surface":"πόνοισι","lemma":"πόνος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"toils"},{"surface":"παρίστασαι","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δέ","gloss":"you stand beside"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of λήθω","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"λήθω","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δέ","gloss":"escape your notice"}]},{"number":280,"label":"280","id":"b10-l280","source":"κινύμενος· νῦν αὖτε μάλιστά με φῖλαι Ἀθήνη,","translation":"now once again favor me above all, Athena,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l280.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κινύμενος","lemma":"κίνυμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to λήθω","gloss":"moving"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φῖλαι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"μάλιστά","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φῖλαι","gloss":"above all"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of φῖλαι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"φῖλαι","lemma":"φιλέω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"favor"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":281,"label":"281","id":"b10-l281","source":"δὸς δὲ πάλιν ἐπὶ νῆας ἐϋκλεῖας ἀφικέσθαι","translation":"and grant that we return to the ships in glory,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l281.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δὸς","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grant"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πάλιν","lemma":"πάλιν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀφικέσθαι","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐϋκλεῖας","lemma":"εὐκλεής","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"ἀφικέσθαι","lemma":"ἀφικνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of δὸς","gloss":"to return"}]},{"number":282,"label":"282","id":"b10-l282","source":"ῥέξαντας μέγα ἔργον, ὅ κε Τρώεσσι μελήσῃ.","translation":"having done a great deed that will weigh upon the Trojans.”","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l282.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥέξαντας","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀφικέσθαι","gloss":"having done"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργον","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ἔργον","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ῥέξαντας","gloss":"deed"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of μελήσῃ","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"might"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μελήσῃ","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"μελήσῃ","lemma":"μέλω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἔργον","gloss":"will weigh upon"}]},{"number":283,"label":"283","id":"b10-l283","source":"δεύτερος αὖτʼ ἠρᾶτο βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Διομήδης·","translation":"Then Diomedes, good at the war-cry, prayed after him:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l283.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεύτερος","lemma":"δεύτερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"ἠρᾶτο","lemma":"ἀράομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"prayed"},{"surface":"βοὴν","lemma":"βοή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀγαθὸς","gloss":"war-cry"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὸς","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διομήδης","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"Διομήδης","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠρᾶτο","gloss":"Diomedes"}]},{"number":284,"label":"284","id":"b10-l284","source":"κέκλυθι νῦν καὶ ἐμεῖο Διὸς τέκος Ἀτρυτώνη·","translation":"“Hear me now as well, child of Zeus, unwearied one;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l284.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ἀτρυτώνη","title":"Athena the unwearied one","body":"Ἀτρυτώνη is Athena's standing title, the “unwearied one.” It suits a goddess invoked for a night of sustained vigilance and danger."}],"words":[{"surface":"κέκλυθι","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hear"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κέκλυθι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἐμεῖο","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κέκλυθι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τέκος","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"τέκος","lemma":"τέκος","morphology":"vocative singular neuter noun","role":"modifies Ἀτρυτώνη","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"Ἀτρυτώνη","lemma":"Ἀτρυτώνη","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"unwearied one"}]},{"number":285,"label":"285","id":"b10-l285","source":"σπεῖό μοι ὡς ὅτε πατρὶ ἅμʼ ἕσπεο Τυδέϊ δίῳ","translation":"follow beside me as once you followed my father, godlike Tydeus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l285.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σπεῖό","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"follow"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of σπεῖό","gloss":"beside me"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"πατρὶ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"my father"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕσπεο","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"ἕσπεο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"you followed"},{"surface":"Τυδέϊ","lemma":"Τυδεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Tydeus"},{"surface":"δίῳ","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τυδέϊ","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":286,"label":"286","id":"b10-l286","source":"ἐς Θήβας, ὅτε τε πρὸ Ἀχαιῶν ἄγγελος ᾔει.","translation":"to Thebes, when he went as the Achaeans' envoy.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l286.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Θήβας","lemma":"Θῆβαι","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Thebes"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"πρὸ","lemma":"πρό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies πρὸ","gloss":"the Achaeans"},{"surface":"ἄγγελος","lemma":"ἄγγελος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as envoy"},{"surface":"ᾔει","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"he went"}]},{"number":287,"label":"287","id":"b10-l287","source":"τοὺς δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπʼ Ἀσωπῷ λίπε χαλκοχίτωνας Ἀχαιούς,","translation":"He left the bronze-clad Achaeans there beside the Asopus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l287.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"Ἀσωπῷ","lemma":"Ἀσωπός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"the Asopus"},{"surface":"λίπε","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he left"},{"surface":"χαλκοχίτωνας","lemma":"χαλκοχίτων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιούς","gloss":"bronze-clad"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":288,"label":"288","id":"b10-l288","source":"αὐτὰρ ὃ μειλίχιον μῦθον φέρε Καδμείοισι","translation":"and carried a gentle message to the Cadmeans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l288.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φέρε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μειλίχιον","lemma":"μειλίχιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μῦθον","gloss":"gentle"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φέρε","gloss":"message"},{"surface":"φέρε","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"Καδμείοισι","lemma":"Καδμεῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of φέρε","gloss":"to the Cadmeans"}]},{"number":289,"label":"289","id":"b10-l289","source":"κεῖσʼ· ἀτὰρ ἂψ ἀπιὼν μάλα μέρμερα μήσατο ἔργα","translation":"there; but as he returned he devised most terrible deeds","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l289.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖσ","lemma":"ἐκεῖσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of φέρε","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἀπιὼν","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ἀπιὼν","lemma":"ἄπειμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μήσατο","gloss":"as he returned"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"μέρμερα","lemma":"μέρμερος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"μήσατο","lemma":"μήδομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"devised"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of μήσατο","gloss":"deeds"}]},{"number":290,"label":"290","id":"b10-l290","source":"σὺν σοὶ δῖα θεά, ὅτε οἱ πρόφρασσα παρέστης.","translation":"with you, divine goddess, when you willingly stood beside him.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l290.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δῖα","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"vocative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies θεά","gloss":"divine"},{"surface":"θεά","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of παρέστης","gloss":"beside him"},{"surface":"πρόφρασσα","lemma":"πρόφρασσα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"willingly"},{"surface":"παρέστης","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"stood beside"}]},{"number":291,"label":"291","id":"b10-l291","source":"ὣς νῦν μοι ἐθέλουσα παρίσταο καί με φύλασσε.","translation":"So now stand willingly beside me, and guard me.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l291.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of παρίσταο","gloss":"beside me"},{"surface":"ἐθέλουσα","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to παρίσταο","gloss":"willingly"},{"surface":"παρίσταο","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stand beside"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of φύλασσε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"φύλασσε","lemma":"φυλάσσω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"guard"}]},{"number":292,"label":"292","id":"b10-l292","source":"σοὶ δʼ αὖ ἐγὼ ῥέξω βοῦν ἦνιν εὐρυμέτωπον","translation":"In return I will sacrifice to you a yearling, broad-browed heifer,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l292.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ῥέξω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in return"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ῥέξω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ῥέξω","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will sacrifice"},{"surface":"βοῦν","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ῥέξω","gloss":"heifer"},{"surface":"ἦνιν","lemma":"ἦνις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"yearling"},{"surface":"εὐρυμέτωπον","lemma":"εὐρυμέτωπος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"broad-browed"}]},{"number":293,"label":"293","id":"b10-l293","source":"ἀδμήτην, ἣν οὔ πω ὑπὸ ζυγὸν ἤγαγεν ἀνήρ·","translation":"unbroken, which no man has yet brought beneath the yoke;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l293.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀδμήτην","lemma":"ἄδμητος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"unbroken"},{"surface":"ἣν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἤγαγεν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"πω","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"ζυγὸν","lemma":"ζυγόν","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"yoke"},{"surface":"ἤγαγεν","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing βοῦν","gloss":"has brought"},{"surface":"ἀνήρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤγαγεν","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":294,"label":"294","id":"b10-l294","source":"τήν τοι ἐγὼ ῥέξω χρυσὸν κέρασιν περιχεύας.","translation":"I will sacrifice her to you, pouring gold over her horns.”","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l294.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τήν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ῥέξω","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ῥέξω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ῥέξω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ῥέξω","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will sacrifice"},{"surface":"χρυσὸν","lemma":"χρυσός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of περιχεύας","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"κέρασιν","lemma":"κέρας","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of περιχεύας","gloss":"horns"},{"surface":"περιχεύας","lemma":"περιχέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ῥέξω","gloss":"pouring over"}]},{"number":295,"label":"295","id":"b10-l295","source":"ὣς ἔφαν εὐχόμενοι, τῶν δʼ ἔκλυε Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη.","translation":"So they spoke in prayer, and Pallas Athena heard them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l295.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαν","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they spoke"},{"surface":"εὐχόμενοι","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔφαν","gloss":"praying"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔκλυε","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔκλυε","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"Παλλὰς","lemma":"Παλλάς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"Pallas"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔκλυε","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":296,"label":"296","id":"b10-l296","source":"οἳ δʼ ἐπεὶ ἠρήσαντο Διὸς κούρῃ μεγάλοιο,","translation":"When they had prayed to the daughter of great Zeus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l296.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βάν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἠρήσαντο","lemma":"ἀράομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"had prayed"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κούρῃ","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"κούρῃ","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἠρήσαντο","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"μεγάλοιο","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"great"}]},{"number":297,"label":"297","id":"b10-l297","source":"βάν ῥʼ ἴμεν ὥς τε λέοντε δύω διὰ νύκτα μέλαιναν","translation":"they went on like two lions through the black night,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l297.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"λέοντε δύω","title":"A pair of lions","body":"λέοντε is dual, reinforced by δύω, “two.” The simile keeps the scouts grammatically paired as they enter the killing ground together."}],"words":[{"surface":"βάν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went on"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἴμεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of βάν","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"typically"},{"surface":"λέοντε","lemma":"λέων","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"lions"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies λέοντε","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"νύκτα","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of διὰ","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"μέλαιναν","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νύκτα","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":298,"label":"298","id":"b10-l298","source":"ἂμ φόνον, ἂν νέκυας, διά τʼ ἔντεα καὶ μέλαν αἷμα.","translation":"through slaughter, through corpses, through armor and black blood.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l298.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂμ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"φόνον","lemma":"φόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἂμ","gloss":"slaughter"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"νέκυας","lemma":"νέκυς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἂν","gloss":"corpses"},{"surface":"διά","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔντεα","lemma":"ἔντεα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέλαν","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies αἷμα","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"αἷμα","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"blood"}]},{"number":299,"label":"299","id":"b10-l299","source":"οὐδὲ μὲν οὐδὲ Τρῶας ἀγήνορας εἴασεν Ἕκτωρ","translation":"Nor did Hector allow the high-hearted Trojans","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l299.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐδὲ","lemma":"οὐδέ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed","note":"οὐδὲ μὲν οὐδὲ stacks particles for emphasis: 'nor indeed... at all.'"},{"surface":"οὐδὲ","lemma":"οὐδέ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"Τρῶας","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of εὕδειν","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἀγήνορας","lemma":"ἀγήνωρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρῶας","gloss":"high-hearted"},{"surface":"εἴασεν","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"allowed"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀλλ̓","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":300,"label":"300","id":"b10-l300","source":"εὕδειν, ἀλλʼ ἄμυδις κικλήσκετο πάντας ἀρίστους,","translation":"to sleep, but called all the princes together,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l300.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὕδειν","lemma":"εὕδω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of εἴασεν","gloss":"to sleep"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄμυδις","lemma":"ἄμυδις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κικλήσκετο","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"κικλήσκετο","lemma":"κικλήσκω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀρίστους","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀρίστους","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of κικλήσκετο","gloss":"princes"}]},{"number":301,"label":"301","id":"b10-l301","source":"ὅσσοι ἔσαν Τρώων ἡγήτορες ἠδὲ μέδοντες·","translation":"all who were leaders and rulers of the Trojans;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l301.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅσσοι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἔσαν","gloss":"all who"},{"surface":"ἔσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀρίστους","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἡγήτορες","lemma":"ἡγήτωρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"leaders"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέδοντες","lemma":"μέδων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"rulers"}]},{"number":302,"label":"302","id":"b10-l302","source":"τοὺς ὅ γε συγκαλέσας πυκινὴν ἀρτύνετο βουλήν·","translation":"calling them together, he devised his close-woven counsel:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l302.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of συγκαλέσας","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀρτύνετο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"συγκαλέσας","lemma":"συγκαλέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀρτύνετο","gloss":"calling together"},{"surface":"πυκινὴν","lemma":"πυκινός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies βουλήν","gloss":"close-woven"},{"surface":"ἀρτύνετο","lemma":"ἀρτύνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was devising"},{"surface":"βουλήν","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀρτύνετο","gloss":"counsel"}]},{"number":303,"label":"303","id":"b10-l303","source":"τίς κέν μοι τόδε ἔργον ὑποσχόμενος τελέσειε","translation":"“Who will undertake this work for me and carry it through","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l303.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τελέσειε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τελέσειε","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἔργον","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἔργον","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τελέσειε","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"ὑποσχόμενος","lemma":"ὑπισχνέομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τελέσειε","gloss":"undertaking"},{"surface":"τελέσειε","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carry through"}]},{"number":304,"label":"304","id":"b10-l304","source":"δώρῳ ἔπι μεγάλῳ; μισθὸς δέ οἱ ἄρκιος ἔσται.","translation":"for a great reward? His payment will be enough.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l304.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δώρῳ","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἔπι","gloss":"for a reward"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μεγάλῳ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δώρῳ","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"μισθὸς","lemma":"μισθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔσται","gloss":"payment"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔσται","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"ἄρκιος","lemma":"ἄρκιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μισθὸς","gloss":"enough"},{"surface":"ἔσται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be"}]},{"number":305,"label":"305","id":"b10-l305","source":"δώσω γὰρ δίφρόν τε δύω τʼ ἐριαύχενας ἵππους","translation":"For I will give a chariot and two high-necked horses,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l305.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δύω τʼ ἐριαύχενας ἵππους","title":"Two high-necked horses","body":"Hector promises exactly two horses with a chariot. ἐριαύχην praises the proud, powerful carriage of their necks."}],"words":[{"surface":"δώσω","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will give"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"δίφρόν","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐριαύχενας","lemma":"ἐριαύχην","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"high-necked"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":306,"label":"306","id":"b10-l306","source":"οἵ κεν ἄριστοι ἔωσι θοῇς ἐπὶ νηυσὶν Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"whichever are best beside the swift ships of the Achaeans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l306.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔωσι","gloss":"whichever"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"ἄριστοι","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"ἔωσι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἵππους","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"θοῇς","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶν","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶν","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":307,"label":"307","id":"b10-l307","source":"ὅς τίς κε τλαίη, οἷ τʼ αὐτῷ κῦδος ἄροιτο,","translation":"to whoever dares, and wins glory for himself,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l307.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τ̓","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"τλαίη","lemma":"τλάω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"dares"},{"surface":"οἷ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἄροιτο","gloss":"for himself"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"κῦδος","lemma":"κῦδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἄροιτο","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ἄροιτο","lemma":"αἴρω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ὅς","gloss":"might win"}]},{"number":308,"label":"308","id":"b10-l308","source":"νηῶν ὠκυπόρων σχεδὸν ἐλθέμεν, ἔκ τε πυθέσθαι","translation":"to go close to the swift-running ships and learn","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l308.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of σχεδὸν","gloss":"of the ships"},{"surface":"ὠκυπόρων","lemma":"ὠκύπορος","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῶν","gloss":"swift-running"},{"surface":"σχεδὸν","lemma":"σχεδόν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"close to"},{"surface":"ἐλθέμεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of τε","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"ἔκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"fully"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πυθέσθαι","lemma":"πυνθάνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of τε","gloss":"to learn"}]},{"number":309,"label":"309","id":"b10-l309","source":"ἠέ φυλάσσονται νῆες θοαὶ ὡς τὸ πάρος περ,","translation":"whether the swift ships are guarded as they were before,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l309.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠέ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"φυλάσσονται","lemma":"φυλάσσω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of ἦ","gloss":"are guarded"},{"surface":"νῆες","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of φυλάσσονται","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"θοαὶ","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter article","role":"modifies πάρος","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":310,"label":"310","id":"b10-l310","source":"ἦ ἤδη χείρεσσιν ὑφʼ ἡμετέρῃσι δαμέντες","translation":"or whether, already broken beneath our hands,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l310.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βουλεύουσι","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"χείρεσσιν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὑφ̓","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ὑφ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"ἡμετέρῃσι","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χείρεσσιν","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"δαμέντες","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to βουλεύουσι","gloss":"broken"}]},{"number":311,"label":"311","id":"b10-l311","source":"φύξιν βουλεύουσι μετὰ σφίσιν, οὐδʼ ἐθέλουσι","translation":"they are planning flight among themselves and have no wish","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l311.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φύξιν","lemma":"φύξις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of βουλεύουσι","gloss":"flight"},{"surface":"βουλεύουσι","lemma":"βουλεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"are planning"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"σφίσιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"ἐθέλουσι","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"wish"}]},{"number":312,"label":"312","id":"b10-l312","source":"νύκτα φυλασσέμεναι, καμάτῳ ἀδηκότες αἰνῷ.","translation":"to keep watch through the night, worn down by cruel toil.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l312.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νύκτα","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of φυλασσέμεναι","gloss":"through the night"},{"surface":"φυλασσέμεναι","lemma":"φυλάσσω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλουσι","gloss":"keep watch","note":"Epic infinitive in -menai, dependent on “wish” from the preceding line."},{"surface":"καμάτῳ","lemma":"κάματος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀδηκότες","gloss":"with weariness"},{"surface":"ἀδηκότες","lemma":"ἀδέω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐθέλουσι","gloss":"worn down"},{"surface":"αἰνῷ","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies καμάτῳ","gloss":"cruel"}]},{"number":313,"label":"313","id":"b10-l313","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἀκὴν ἐγένοντο σιωπῇ.","translation":"So he spoke, and they all fell hushed in silence;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l313.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐγένοντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἳ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀκὴν","lemma":"ἀκήν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐγένοντο","gloss":"in silence"},{"surface":"ἐγένοντο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"σιωπῇ","lemma":"σιωπή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐγένοντο","gloss":"in silence"}]},{"number":314,"label":"314","id":"b10-l314","source":"ἦν δέ τις ἐν Τρώεσσι Δόλων Εὐμήδεος υἱὸς","translation":"There was among the Trojans a certain Dolon, son of Eumedes,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l314.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there was"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies Δόλων","gloss":"a certain"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"Δόλων","lemma":"Δόλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦν","gloss":"Dolon"},{"surface":"Εὐμήδεος","lemma":"Εὐμήδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"of Eumedes"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Δόλων","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":315,"label":"315","id":"b10-l315","source":"κήρυκος θείοιο πολύχρυσος πολύχαλκος,","translation":"the godlike herald; Dolon was rich in gold and rich in bronze,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l315.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κήρυκος","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"of the herald"},{"surface":"θείοιο","lemma":"θεῖος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κήρυκος","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"πολύχρυσος","lemma":"πολύχρυσος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"gold-rich"},{"surface":"πολύχαλκος","lemma":"πολύχαλκος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"rich in bronze"}]},{"number":316,"label":"316","id":"b10-l316","source":"ὃς δή τοι εἶδος μὲν ἔην κακός, ἀλλὰ ποδώκης·","translation":"who was ugly in appearance, but swift on his feet;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l316.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀλλὰ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"εἶδος","lemma":"εἶδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἔην","gloss":"in appearance"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"ἔην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀλλὰ","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"κακός","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"ugly"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ποδώκης","lemma":"ποδώκης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"swift-footed"}]},{"number":317,"label":"317","id":"b10-l317","source":"αὐτὰρ ὃ μοῦνος ἔην μετὰ πέντε κασιγνήτῃσιν.","translation":"and he was the only son among five sisters.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l317.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"μετὰ πέντε κασιγνήτῃσιν","title":"One son among five sisters","body":"μοῦνος marks Dolon as the sole male child, while μετά with the dative κασιγνήτῃσιν means “among five sisters.” Homer gives the precise family structure that makes Dolon's promised ransom and his father's wealth matter."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔην","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μοῦνος","lemma":"μόνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"ἔην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"πέντε","lemma":"πέντε","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies κασιγνήτῃσιν","gloss":"five"},{"surface":"κασιγνήτῃσιν","lemma":"κασιγνήτη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"sisters"}]},{"number":318,"label":"318","id":"b10-l318","source":"ὅς ῥα τότε Τρωσίν τε καὶ Ἕκτορι μῦθον ἔειπεν·","translation":"He then spoke his word to the Trojans and to Hector:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l318.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔειπεν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔειπεν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Τρωσίν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to the Trojans"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορι","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to Hector"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔειπεν","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ἔειπεν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":319,"label":"319","id":"b10-l319","source":"Ἕκτορ ἔμʼ ὀτρύνει κραδίη καὶ θυμὸς ἀγήνωρ","translation":"“Hector, my heart and proud spirit urge me","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l319.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"ἔμ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ὀτρύνει","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urges"},{"surface":"κραδίη","lemma":"καρδία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἀγήνωρ","lemma":"ἀγήνωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμὸς","gloss":"proud"}]},{"number":320,"label":"320","id":"b10-l320","source":"νηῶν ὠκυπόρων σχεδὸν ἐλθέμεν ἔκ τε πυθέσθαι.","translation":"to go close to the swift-running ships and make inquiry.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l320.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of σχεδὸν","gloss":"of the ships"},{"surface":"ὠκυπόρων","lemma":"ὠκύπορος","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῶν","gloss":"swift-running"},{"surface":"σχεδὸν","lemma":"σχεδόν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"close to"},{"surface":"ἐλθέμεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of τε","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"ἔκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out","note":"The preverb is separated from its verb by tmesis: together they mean “make inquiry.”"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πυθέσθαι","lemma":"πυνθάνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of τε","gloss":"make inquiry"}]},{"number":321,"label":"321","id":"b10-l321","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε μοι τὸ σκῆπτρον ἀνάσχεο, καί μοι ὄμοσσον","translation":"But come, raise the scepter for me and swear","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l321.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀνάσχεο","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter article","role":"modifies σκῆπτρον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"σκῆπτρον","lemma":"σκῆπτρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀνάσχεο","gloss":"scepter"},{"surface":"ἀνάσχεο","lemma":"ἀνέχω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"raise"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὄμοσσον","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ὄμοσσον","lemma":"ὄμνυμι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"swear"}]},{"number":322,"label":"322","id":"b10-l322","source":"ἦ μὲν τοὺς ἵππους τε καὶ ἅρματα ποικίλα χαλκῷ","translation":"that you will give me the horses and the chariot adorned with bronze","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l322.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅρματα","lemma":"ἅρμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"ποικίλα","lemma":"ποικίλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἅρματα","gloss":"richly wrought"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ποικίλα","gloss":"with bronze"}]},{"number":323,"label":"323","id":"b10-l323","source":"δωσέμεν, οἳ φορέουσιν ἀμύμονα Πηλεΐωνα,","translation":"that carry the blameless son of Peleus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l323.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δωσέμεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ὄμοσσον","gloss":"to give"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φορέουσιν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"φορέουσιν","lemma":"φορέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"carry"},{"surface":"ἀμύμονα","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πηλεΐωνα","gloss":"blameless"},{"surface":"Πηλεΐωνα","lemma":"Πηλείων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φορέουσιν","gloss":"son of Peleus"}]},{"number":324,"label":"324","id":"b10-l324","source":"σοὶ δʼ ἐγὼ οὐχ ἅλιος σκοπὸς ἔσσομαι οὐδʼ ἀπὸ δόξης·","translation":"I will be no worthless scout for you, nor fall short of your expectation;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l324.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἔσσομαι","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔσσομαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"οὐχ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἅλιος","lemma":"ἅλιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δ̓","gloss":"worthless"},{"surface":"σκοπὸς","lemma":"σκοπός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"scout"},{"surface":"ἔσσομαι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"short of"},{"surface":"δόξης","lemma":"δόξα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀπὸ","gloss":"expectation"}]},{"number":325,"label":"325","id":"b10-l325","source":"τόφρα γὰρ ἐς στρατὸν εἶμι διαμπερὲς ὄφρʼ ἂν ἵκωμαι","translation":"for I will go straight through the camp until I reach","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l325.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόφρα","lemma":"τόφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἶμι","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"στρατὸν","lemma":"στρατός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"camp"},{"surface":"εἶμι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will go"},{"surface":"διαμπερὲς","lemma":"διαμπερές","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἶμι","gloss":"clean through"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἵκωμαι","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ὄφῤ","gloss":"reach"}]},{"number":326,"label":"326","id":"b10-l326","source":"νῆʼ Ἀγαμεμνονέην, ὅθι που μέλλουσιν ἄριστοι","translation":"Agamemnon's ship, where the princes must surely","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l326.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῆ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἵκωμαι","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμεμνονέην","lemma":"Ἀγαμεμνόνεος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆ̓","gloss":"Agamemnon's"},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μέλλουσιν","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"μέλλουσιν","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing νῆ̓","gloss":"are about to"},{"surface":"ἄριστοι","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of μέλλουσιν","gloss":"leaders"}]},{"number":327,"label":"327","id":"b10-l327","source":"βουλὰς βουλεύειν ἢ φευγέμεν ἠὲ μάχεσθαι.","translation":"be taking counsel whether to flee or fight.”","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l327.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βουλὰς","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"counsels"},{"surface":"βουλεύειν","lemma":"βουλεύω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of μέλλουσιν","gloss":"to deliberate"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"φευγέμεν","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἠὲ","gloss":"to flee"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἠέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἠὲ","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":328,"label":"328","id":"b10-l328","source":"ὣς φάθʼ, ὃ δʼ ἐν χερσὶ σκῆπτρον λάβε καί οἱ ὄμοσσεν·","translation":"So he spoke; Hector took the scepter in his hands and swore to him:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l328.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάθ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καί","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"his hands"},{"surface":"σκῆπτρον","lemma":"σκῆπτρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of λάβε","gloss":"scepter"},{"surface":"λάβε","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὄμοσσεν","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"ὄμοσσεν","lemma":"ὄμνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"swore"}]},{"number":329,"label":"329","id":"b10-l329","source":"ἴστω νῦν Ζεὺς αὐτὸς ἐρίγδουπος πόσις Ἥρης","translation":"“Now let loud-thundering Zeus, husband of Hera, be witness:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l329.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἴστω","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"be witness","note":"A perfect imperative of knowing used as “let him know” or “be witness.”"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴστω","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ἐρίγδουπος","lemma":"ἐρίγδουπος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ζεὺς","gloss":"loud-thundering"},{"surface":"πόσις","lemma":"πόσις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"husband"},{"surface":"Ἥρης","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies πόσις","gloss":"of Hera"}]},{"number":330,"label":"330","id":"b10-l330","source":"μὴ μὲν τοῖς ἵπποισιν ἀνὴρ ἐποχήσεται ἄλλος","translation":"no other man among the Trojans shall mount those horses,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l330.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that not"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοῖς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἵπποισιν","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἵπποισιν","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐποχήσεται","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐποχήσεται","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἐποχήσεται","lemma":"ἐποχέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of μὴ","gloss":"shall mount"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"another"}]},{"number":331,"label":"331","id":"b10-l331","source":"Τρώων, ἀλλά σέ φημι διαμπερὲς ἀγλαϊεῖσθαι.","translation":"but you, I say, shall glory in them always.”","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l331.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"among Trojans"},{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σέ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἀγλαϊεῖσθαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"φημι","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I say"},{"surface":"διαμπερὲς","lemma":"διαμπερές","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγλαϊεῖσθαι","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"ἀγλαϊεῖσθαι","lemma":"ἀγλαίζω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of φημι","gloss":"will glory"}]},{"number":332,"label":"332","id":"b10-l332","source":"ὣς φάτο καί ῥʼ ἐπίορκον ἐπώμοσε, τὸν δʼ ὀρόθυνεν·","translation":"So he spoke and swore a false oath, and spurred Dolon on.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l332.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπίορκον","lemma":"ἐπίορκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπώμοσε","gloss":"a false oath","note":"Neuter singular used adverbially: he swore falsely, violating the oath."},{"surface":"ἐπώμοσε","lemma":"ἐπόμνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he swore"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὀρόθυνεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀρόθυνεν","lemma":"ὀροθύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spurred on"}]},{"number":333,"label":"333","id":"b10-l333","source":"αὐτίκα δʼ ἀμφʼ ὤμοισιν ἐβάλλετο καμπύλα τόξα,","translation":"At once Dolon slung a curved bow around his shoulders,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l333.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐβάλλετο","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"ὤμοισιν","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφ̓","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"ἐβάλλετο","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slung"},{"surface":"καμπύλα","lemma":"καμπύλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τόξα","gloss":"curved"},{"surface":"τόξα","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐβάλλετο","gloss":"bow"}]},{"number":334,"label":"334","id":"b10-l334","source":"ἕσσατο δʼ ἔκτοσθεν ῥινὸν πολιοῖο λύκοιο,","translation":"and over his clothes he put the hide of a gray wolf;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l334.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕσσατο","lemma":"ἕννυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put on"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔκτοσθεν","lemma":"ἔκτοσθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕσσατο","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"ῥινὸν","lemma":"ῥινόν","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἕσσατο","gloss":"skin"},{"surface":"πολιοῖο","lemma":"πολιός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λύκοιο","gloss":"of a gray"},{"surface":"λύκοιο","lemma":"λύκος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ῥινὸν","gloss":"of a wolf"}]},{"number":335,"label":"335","id":"b10-l335","source":"κρατὶ δʼ ἐπὶ κτιδέην κυνέην, ἕλε δʼ ὀξὺν ἄκοντα,","translation":"on his head a ferret-skin cap, and he took a pointed javelin.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l335.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κτιδέην κυνέην","title":"A ferret-skin cap","body":"κτιδέην describes a cap made from the skin of a small mustelid, commonly rendered ferret or marten. It is distinct from both Dolon's wolf hide and the two borrowed helmets worn by his pursuers."}],"words":[{"surface":"κρατὶ","lemma":"κράς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"on his head"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"κτιδέην","lemma":"κτίδεος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κυνέην","gloss":"ferret-skin"},{"surface":"κυνέην","lemma":"κυνέη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"helmet"},{"surface":"ἕλε","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀξὺν","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄκοντα","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"ἄκοντα","lemma":"ἄκων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕλε","gloss":"javelin"}]},{"number":336,"label":"336","id":"b10-l336","source":"βῆ δʼ ἰέναι προτὶ νῆας ἀπὸ στρατοῦ· οὐδʼ ἄρʼ ἔμελλεν","translation":"He set out toward the ships, away from the camp; but he was not destined","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l336.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went","note":"The aorist of “go” plus an infinitive forms the epic expression “set out to go.”"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰέναι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of βῆ","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"προτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of προτὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"away from"},{"surface":"στρατοῦ","lemma":"στρατός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"the camp"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔμελλεν","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was destined"}]},{"number":337,"label":"337","id":"b10-l337","source":"ἐλθὼν ἐκ νηῶν ἂψ Ἕκτορι μῦθον ἀποίσειν.","translation":"to come back from the ships and bring Hector any report.","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l337.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐλθὼν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀποίσειν","gloss":"having returned"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀποίσειν","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορι","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀποίσειν","gloss":"to Hector"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀποίσειν","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ἀποίσειν","lemma":"ἀποφέρω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ἔμελλεν","gloss":"to bring"}]},{"number":338,"label":"338","id":"b10-l338","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δή ῥʼ ἵππων τε καὶ ἀνδρῶν κάλλιφʼ ὅμιλον,","translation":"When he had left behind the throng of horses and men,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l338.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of horses"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"κάλλιφ","lemma":"καταλείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"left behind"},{"surface":"ὅμιλον","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κάλλιφ̓","gloss":"the throng"}]},{"number":339,"label":"339","id":"b10-l339","source":"βῆ ῥʼ ἀνʼ ὁδὸν μεμαώς· τὸν δὲ φράσατο προσιόντα","translation":"he hurried eagerly along the road; and as he came, he was noticed by","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l339.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀν","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ὁδὸν","lemma":"ὁδός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀν̓","gloss":"the road"},{"surface":"μεμαώς","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"eagerly"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of φράσατο","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φράσατο","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"noticed"},{"surface":"προσιόντα","lemma":"πρόσειμι","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"approaching"}]},{"number":340,"label":"340","id":"b10-l340","source":"διογενὴς Ὀδυσεύς, Διομήδεα δὲ προσέειπεν·","translation":"Zeus-sprung Odysseus, who spoke to Diomedes:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l340.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"διογενὴς","lemma":"διογενής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσεύς","gloss":"Zeus-sprung"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"Διομήδεα","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσέειπεν","gloss":"Diomedes"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"προσέειπεν","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":341,"label":"341","id":"b10-l341","source":"οὗτός τις Διόμηδες ἀπὸ στρατοῦ ἔρχεται ἀνήρ,","translation":"“Diomedes, some man is coming here from the camp.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l341.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὗτός","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνήρ","gloss":"this man"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀνήρ","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"Διόμηδες","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Diomedes"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"στρατοῦ","lemma":"στρατός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"camp"},{"surface":"ἔρχεται","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is coming"},{"surface":"ἀνήρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔρχεται","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":342,"label":"342","id":"b10-l342","source":"οὐκ οἶδʼ ἢ νήεσσιν ἐπίσκοπος ἡμετέρῃσιν,","translation":"I do not know whether he is a spy upon our ships","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l342.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"οἶδ","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I know"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"νήεσσιν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἐπίσκοπος","gloss":"over our ships"},{"surface":"ἐπίσκοπος","lemma":"ἐπίσκοπος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"as a spy"},{"surface":"ἡμετέρῃσιν","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νήεσσιν","gloss":"our"}]},{"number":343,"label":"343","id":"b10-l343","source":"ἦ τινα συλήσων νεκύων κατατεθνηώτων.","translation":"or means to despoil one of the fallen.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l343.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"τινα","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of συλήσων","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"συλήσων","lemma":"συλάω","morphology":"future active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"meaning to despoil"},{"surface":"νεκύων","lemma":"νέκυς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τινα","gloss":"among the dead"},{"surface":"κατατεθνηώτων","lemma":"καταθνήσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"modifies νεκύων","gloss":"dead"}]},{"number":344,"label":"344","id":"b10-l344","source":"ἀλλʼ ἐῶμέν μιν πρῶτα παρεξελθεῖν πεδίοιο","translation":"But first let us allow him to pass us on the plain","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l344.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐῶμέν","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us allow"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of παρεξελθεῖν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"πρῶτα","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to παρεξελθεῖν","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"παρεξελθεῖν","lemma":"παρεξέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἐῶμέν","gloss":"to pass us"},{"surface":"πεδίοιο","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of παρεξελθεῖν","gloss":"across the plain"}]},{"number":345,"label":"345","id":"b10-l345","source":"τυτθόν· ἔπειτα δέ κʼ αὐτὸν ἐπαΐξαντες ἕλοιμεν","translation":"a little way; then we can spring on him and seize him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l345.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τυτθόν","lemma":"τυτθός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕλοιμεν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"we could"},{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἕλοιμεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἐπαΐξαντες","lemma":"ἐπαίσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕλοιμεν","gloss":"springing on him"},{"surface":"ἕλοιμεν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"might seize"}]},{"number":346,"label":"346","id":"b10-l346","source":"καρπαλίμως· εἰ δʼ ἄμμε παραφθαίησι πόδεσσιν,","translation":"quickly. But if he outstrips us with his feet,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l346.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καρπαλίμως","lemma":"καρπάλιμος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕλοιμεν","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄμμε","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of παραφθαίησι","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"παραφθαίησι","lemma":"παραφθάνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"he outstrips"},{"surface":"πόδεσσιν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to παραφθαίησι","gloss":"on foot"}]},{"number":347,"label":"347","id":"b10-l347","source":"αἰεί μιν ἐπὶ νῆας ἀπὸ στρατόφι προτιειλεῖν","translation":"keep driving him toward the ships, away from the camp,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l347.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰεί","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προτιειλεῖν","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προτιειλεῖν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"away from"},{"surface":"στρατόφι","lemma":"στρατός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπὸ","gloss":"the camp"},{"surface":"προτιειλεῖν","lemma":"προσειλέω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"keep driving"}]},{"number":348,"label":"348","id":"b10-l348","source":"ἔγχει ἐπαΐσσων, μή πως προτὶ ἄστυ ἀλύξῃ.","translation":"rushing at him with your spear, lest he somehow escape toward the city.”","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l348.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔγχει","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπαΐσσων","gloss":"with your spear"},{"surface":"ἐπαΐσσων","lemma":"ἐπαίσσω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προτιειλεῖν","gloss":"rushing at him"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"πως","lemma":"πως","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"προτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of προτὶ","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"ἀλύξῃ","lemma":"ἀλύσκω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μή","gloss":"escape"}]},{"number":349,"label":"349","id":"b10-l349","source":"ὣς ἄρα φωνήσαντε παρὲξ ὁδοῦ ἐν νεκύεσσι","translation":"So the two spoke and lay down off the road among the corpses;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l349.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φωνήσαντε","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"φωνήσαντε","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to κλινθήτην","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"παρὲξ","lemma":"παρέξ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"off"},{"surface":"ὁδοῦ","lemma":"ὁδός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὲξ","gloss":"the road"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"νεκύεσσι","lemma":"νέκυς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"among the corpses"}]},{"number":350,"label":"350","id":"b10-l350","source":"κλινθήτην· ὃ δʼ ἄρʼ ὦκα παρέδραμεν ἀφραδίῃσιν.","translation":"and in his folly he ran swiftly past them.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l350.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κλινθήτην","lemma":"κλίνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they lay down"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of παρέδραμεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὦκα","lemma":"ὦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παρέδραμεν","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"παρέδραμεν","lemma":"παρατρέχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ran past"},{"surface":"ἀφραδίῃσιν","lemma":"ἀφραδία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρέδραμεν","gloss":"folly"}]},{"number":351,"label":"351","id":"b10-l351","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δή ῥʼ ἀπέην ὅσσόν τʼ ἐπὶ οὖρα πέλονται","translation":"But when he was as far away as the furrow-ends of mules","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l351.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀπέην","lemma":"ἄπειμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"was away"},{"surface":"ὅσσόν","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to πέλονται","gloss":"as far as"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"οὖρα","lemma":"οὖρον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of πέλονται","gloss":"furrow-ends","note":"The comparison is the distance between the ends of 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noun","role":"modifies προφερέστεραί","gloss":"than oxen"},{"surface":"προφερέστεραί","lemma":"προφερής","morphology":"nominative plural feminine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"εἰσιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"are"}]},{"number":353,"label":"353","id":"b10-l353","source":"ἑλκέμεναι νειοῖο βαθείης πηκτὸν ἄροτρον·","translation":"at drawing the jointed plow through deep fallow—","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l353.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑλκέμεναι","lemma":"ἕλκω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"modifies προφερέστεραί","gloss":"at drawing"},{"surface":"νειοῖο","lemma":"νειός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἑλκέμεναι","gloss":"through fallow"},{"surface":"βαθείης","lemma":"βαθύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νειοῖο","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"πηκτὸν","lemma":"πηκτός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄροτρον","gloss":"jointed"},{"surface":"ἄροτρον","lemma":"ἄροτρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἑλκέμεναι","gloss":"plow"}]},{"number":354,"label":"354","id":"b10-l354","source":"τὼ μὲν ἐπεδραμέτην, ὃ δʼ ἄρʼ ἔστη δοῦπον ἀκούσας.","translation":"the two ran after him, and he stopped when he heard their footfall.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l354.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπεδραμέτην","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐπεδραμέτην","lemma":"ἐπιτρέχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ran after"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔστη","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔστη","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"δοῦπον","lemma":"δοῦπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀκούσας","gloss":"the footfall"},{"surface":"ἀκούσας","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔστη","gloss":"hearing"}]},{"number":355,"label":"355","id":"b10-l355","source":"ἔλπετο γὰρ κατὰ θυμὸν ἀποστρέψοντας ἑταίρους","translation":"For in his heart he expected that comrades were turning him back,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l355.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔλπετο","lemma":"ἔλπω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he expected"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"his heart"},{"surface":"ἀποστρέψοντας","lemma":"ἀποστρέφω","morphology":"future active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἰέναι","gloss":"turning him back"},{"surface":"ἑταίρους","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἰέναι","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":356,"label":"356","id":"b10-l356","source":"ἐκ Τρώων ἰέναι πάλιν Ἕκτορος ὀτρύναντος.","translation":"coming from the Trojans again at Hector's urging.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l356.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἰέναι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἔλπετο","gloss":"to be coming"},{"surface":"πάλιν","lemma":"πάλιν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰέναι","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορος","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὀτρύναντος","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"ὀτρύναντος","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἰέναι","gloss":"having urged them"}]},{"number":357,"label":"357","id":"b10-l357","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δή ῥʼ ἄπεσαν δουρηνεκὲς ἢ καὶ ἔλασσον,","translation":"But when they were a spear-cast away, or even less,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l357.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄπεσαν","lemma":"ἄπειμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"were away"},{"surface":"δουρηνεκὲς","lemma":"δουρηνεκής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"a spear-cast"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἔλασσον","lemma":"ἐλάσσων","morphology":"accusative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"less"}]},{"number":358,"label":"358","id":"b10-l358","source":"γνῶ ῥʼ ἄνδρας δηΐους, λαιψηρὰ δὲ γούνατʼ ἐνώμα","translation":"he knew them for foes and drove his nimble knees","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l358.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γνῶ","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"recognized"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄνδρας","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of γνῶ","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"δηΐους","lemma":"δάιος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνδρας","gloss":"as enemies"},{"surface":"λαιψηρὰ","lemma":"λαιψηρός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies γούνατ̓","gloss":"nimble"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γούνατ","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐνώμα","gloss":"knees"},{"surface":"ἐνώμα","lemma":"νωμάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove"}]},{"number":359,"label":"359","id":"b10-l359","source":"φευγέμεναι· τοὶ δʼ αἶψα διώκειν ὁρμήθησαν.","translation":"to flee; and they at once sprang to the pursuit.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l359.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φευγέμεναι","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἐνώμα","gloss":"to flee"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὁρμήθησαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὁρμήθησαν","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"διώκειν","lemma":"διώκω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ὁρμήθησαν","gloss":"in pursuit"},{"surface":"ὁρμήθησαν","lemma":"ὁρμάω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"charged"}]},{"number":360,"label":"360","id":"b10-l360","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅτε καρχαρόδοντε δύω κύνε εἰδότε θήρης","translation":"As two sharp-toothed hounds skilled in the hunt","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l360.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"καρχαρόδοντε δύω κύνε","title":"Two hounds in the dual","body":"The adjective καρχαρόδοντε and noun κύνε are dual, again reinforced by δύω. The hunting pair maps exactly onto Diomedes and Odysseus pursuing one quarry."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"καρχαρόδοντε","lemma":"καρχαρόδους","morphology":"nominative dual adjective","role":"modifies κύνε","gloss":"sharp-toothed"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies κύνε","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"κύνε","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπείγετον","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"εἰδότε","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"modifies κύνε","gloss":"versed"},{"surface":"θήρης","lemma":"θήρα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰδότε","gloss":"in the hunt"}]},{"number":361,"label":"361","id":"b10-l361","source":"ἢ κεμάδʼ ἠὲ λαγωὸν ἐπείγετον ἐμμενὲς αἰεὶ","translation":"press always after a fawn or a hare","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l361.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"κεμάδ","lemma":"κεμάς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἠὲ","gloss":"fawn"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἠέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"λαγωὸν","lemma":"λαγῶς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠὲ","gloss":"hare"},{"surface":"ἐπείγετον","lemma":"ἐπείγω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd dual verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"press after"},{"surface":"ἐμμενὲς","lemma":"ἐμμενής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπείγετον","gloss":"without cease"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐμμενὲς","gloss":"always"}]},{"number":362,"label":"362","id":"b10-l362","source":"χῶρον ἀνʼ ὑλήενθʼ, ὃ δέ τε προθέῃσι μεμηκώς,","translation":"through wooded country, while it runs ahead crying,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l362.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χῶρον","lemma":"χῶρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀν̓","gloss":"country"},{"surface":"ἀν","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ὑλήενθ","lemma":"ὑλήεις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χῶρον","gloss":"wooded"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of προθέῃσι","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"προθέῃσι","lemma":"προθέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"runs ahead"},{"surface":"μεμηκώς","lemma":"μηκάομαι","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προθέῃσι","gloss":"bleating"}]},{"number":363,"label":"363","id":"b10-l363","source":"ὣς τὸν Τυδεΐδης ἠδʼ ὃ πτολίπορθος Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"so the son of Tydeus and Odysseus, sacker of cities,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l363.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διώκετον","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of διώκετον","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"Τυδεΐδης","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠδ̓","gloss":"son of Tydeus"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεὺς","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"πτολίπορθος","lemma":"πτολίπορθος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεὺς","gloss":"sacker of cities"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠδ̓","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":364,"label":"364","id":"b10-l364","source":"λαοῦ ἀποτμήξαντε διώκετον ἐμμενὲς αἰεί.","translation":"cut him off from his people and pursued him without cease.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l364.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λαοῦ","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀποτμήξαντε","gloss":"from his people"},{"surface":"ἀποτμήξαντε","lemma":"ἀποτμήγω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to διώκετον","gloss":"cutting him off"},{"surface":"διώκετον","lemma":"διώκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pursuing"},{"surface":"ἐμμενὲς","lemma":"ἐμμενής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to διώκετον","gloss":"without cease"},{"surface":"αἰεί","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐμμενὲς","gloss":"always"}]},{"number":365,"label":"365","id":"b10-l365","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ τάχʼ ἔμελλε μιγήσεσθαι φυλάκεσσι","translation":"But when, fleeing toward the ships, he was soon about to reach the guards,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l365.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τάχ","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔμελλε","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"ἔμελλε","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"was about to"},{"surface":"μιγήσεσθαι","lemma":"μίγνυμι","morphology":"future passive infinitive","role":"object of ἔμελλε","gloss":"reach"},{"surface":"φυλάκεσσι","lemma":"φύλαξ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μιγήσεσθαι","gloss":"guards"}]},{"number":366,"label":"366","id":"b10-l366","source":"φεύγων ἐς νῆας, τότε δὴ μένος ἔμβαλʼ Ἀθήνη","translation":"then Athena put strength into the son of Tydeus,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l366.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φεύγων","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μιγήσεσθαι","gloss":"fleeing"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔμβαλ̓","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔμβαλ̓","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"ἔμβαλ","lemma":"ἐμβάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔμβαλ̓","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":367,"label":"367","id":"b10-l367","source":"Τυδεΐδῃ, ἵνα μή τις Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων","translation":"so that none of the bronze-clad Achaeans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l367.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τυδεΐδῃ","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔμβαλ̓","gloss":"the son of Tydeus"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φθαίη","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of Achaeans"},{"surface":"χαλκοχιτώνων","lemma":"χαλκοχίτων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιῶν","gloss":"bronze-clad"}]},{"number":368,"label":"368","id":"b10-l368","source":"φθαίη ἐπευξάμενος βαλέειν, ὃ δὲ δεύτερος ἔλθοι.","translation":"might be first to boast that he had struck him, while Diomedes came second.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l368.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"φθαίη ἐπευξάμενος","title":"A purpose clause in the optative","body":"After the past-tense ἔμβαλʼ, Homer uses the optative φθαίη in a negative purpose clause: Athena strengthens Diomedes so that no other Achaean might strike first and claim the boast."}],"words":[{"surface":"φθαίη","lemma":"φθάνω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"might be first","note":"With the optative, the verb means “get there first” and so preempt another’s boast."},{"surface":"ἐπευξάμενος","lemma":"ἐπεύχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to φθαίη","gloss":"having boasted"},{"surface":"βαλέειν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of φθαίη","gloss":"to have struck"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔλθοι","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δεύτερος","lemma":"δεύτερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"second"},{"surface":"ἔλθοι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"might come"}]},{"number":369,"label":"369","id":"b10-l369","source":"δουρὶ δʼ ἐπαΐσσων προσέφη κρατερὸς Διομήδης·","translation":"Rushing at him with his spear, mighty Diomedes spoke:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l369.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπαΐσσων","gloss":"with his spear"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπαΐσσων","lemma":"ἐπαίσσω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"rushing at him"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"κρατερὸς","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διομήδης","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"Διομήδης","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Diomedes"}]},{"number":370,"label":"370","id":"b10-l370","source":"ἠὲ μένʼ ἠέ σε δουρὶ κιχήσομαι, οὐδέ σέ φημι","translation":"“Either stand, or I will catch you with my spear; and I tell you","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l370.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἠέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"ἠέ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of κιχήσομαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κιχήσομαι","gloss":"with the spear"},{"surface":"κιχήσομαι","lemma":"κιχάνω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will catch"},{"surface":"σέ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἀλύξειν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"φημι","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I say"}]},{"number":371,"label":"371","id":"b10-l371","source":"δηρὸν ἐμῆς ἀπὸ χειρὸς ἀλύξειν αἰπὺν ὄλεθρον.","translation":"you will not long escape sheer death from my hand.”","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l371.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δηρὸν","lemma":"δηρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀλύξειν","gloss":"for long"},{"surface":"ἐμῆς","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χειρὸς","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"χειρὸς","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀπὸ","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"ἀλύξειν","lemma":"ἀλύσκω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of φημι","gloss":"will escape"},{"surface":"αἰπὺν","lemma":"αἰπύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄλεθρον","gloss":"sheer"},{"surface":"ὄλεθρον","lemma":"ὄλεθρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀλύξειν","gloss":"death"}]},{"number":372,"label":"372","id":"b10-l372","source":"ἦ ῥα καὶ ἔγχος ἀφῆκεν, ἑκὼν δʼ ἡμάρτανε φωτός·","translation":"He spoke and cast his spear, but deliberately missed the man;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l372.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἑκὼν δʼ ἡμάρτανε","title":"He missed deliberately","body":"ἑκών means “willingly” or “on purpose.” Diomedes does not fail in the throw: he aims to stop and terrify Dolon without killing the source of intelligence."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀφῆκεν","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"ἀφῆκεν","lemma":"ἀφίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hurled"},{"surface":"ἑκὼν","lemma":"ἑκών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"by choice","note":"The adjective is predicative: Diomedes missed intentionally."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἡμάρτανε","lemma":"ἁμαρτάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"missed"},{"surface":"φωτός","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἡμάρτανε","gloss":"the man"}]},{"number":373,"label":"373","id":"b10-l373","source":"δεξιτερὸν δʼ ὑπὲρ ὦμον ἐΰξου δουρὸς ἀκωκὴ","translation":"over his right shoulder the point of the polished spear","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l373.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεξιτερὸν","lemma":"δεξιτερός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὦμον","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπὲρ","lemma":"ὑπέρ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"ὦμον","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὲρ","gloss":"shoulder"},{"surface":"ἐΰξου","lemma":"εὔξοος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δουρὸς","gloss":"polished"},{"surface":"δουρὸς","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ἀκωκὴ","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"ἀκωκὴ","lemma":"ἀκωκή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐπάγη","gloss":"point"}]},{"number":374,"label":"374","id":"b10-l374","source":"ἐν γαίῃ ἐπάγη· ὃ δʼ ἄρʼ ἔστη τάρβησέν τε","translation":"drove into the ground; he stopped and was terrified,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l374.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"γαίῃ","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"ἐπάγη","lemma":"πήγνυμι","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was driven"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔστη","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stopped"},{"surface":"τάρβησέν","lemma":"ταρβέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was afraid"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":375,"label":"375","id":"b10-l375","source":"βαμβαίνων· ἄραβος δὲ διὰ στόμα γίγνετʼ ὀδόντων·","translation":"stammering, while the clatter of his teeth rose through his mouth,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l375.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"βαμβαίνων","title":"Fear in the mouth","body":"βαμβαίνων evokes broken, stammering sound, and the next clause adds the audible clatter of Dolon's teeth. Homer makes his terror physical before he can form his plea."}],"words":[{"surface":"βαμβαίνων","lemma":"βαμβαίνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τάρβησέν","gloss":"stammering"},{"surface":"ἄραβος","lemma":"ἄραβος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of γίγνετ̓","gloss":"clatter"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"στόμα","lemma":"στόμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to διὰ","gloss":"mouth"},{"surface":"γίγνετ","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"arose"},{"surface":"ὀδόντων","lemma":"ὀδούς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄραβος","gloss":"of his teeth"}]},{"number":376,"label":"376","id":"b10-l376","source":"χλωρὸς ὑπαὶ δείους· τὼ δʼ ἀσθμαίνοντε κιχήτην,","translation":"pale beneath his fear; and the two, panting, caught him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l376.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χλωρὸς","lemma":"χλωρός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"pale"},{"surface":"ὑπαὶ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"δείους","lemma":"δέος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὑπαὶ","gloss":"fear"},{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀσθμαίνοντε","lemma":"ἀσθμαίνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to κιχήτην","gloss":"panting"},{"surface":"κιχήτην","lemma":"κιχάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"caught him"}]},{"number":377,"label":"377","id":"b10-l377","source":"χειρῶν δʼ ἁψάσθην· ὃ δὲ δακρύσας ἔπος ηὔδα·","translation":"and seized him by both hands; and he wept and spoke:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l377.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χειρῶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἁψάσθην","gloss":"by the hands"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἁψάσθην","lemma":"ἅπτω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized him"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ηὔδα","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δακρύσας","lemma":"δακρύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"weeping"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":378,"label":"378","id":"b10-l378","source":"ζωγρεῖτʼ, αὐτὰρ ἐγὼν ἐμὲ λύσομαι· ἔστι γὰρ ἔνδον","translation":"“Take me alive, and I will ransom myself; for there is within my house","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l378.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ζωγρεῖτ","lemma":"ζωγρέω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"take me alive","note":"Literally “capture alive,” here a plea to be spared for ransom."},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of λύσομαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἐμὲ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of λύσομαι","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"λύσομαι","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will ransom"},{"surface":"ἔστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there is"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔνδον","lemma":"ἔνδον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔστι","gloss":"inside"}]},{"number":379,"label":"379","id":"b10-l379","source":"χαλκός τε χρυσός τε πολύκμητός τε σίδηρος,","translation":"bronze and gold and iron wrought with toil.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l379.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χαλκός","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χρυσός","lemma":"χρυσός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πολύκμητός","lemma":"πολύκμητος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies σίδηρος","gloss":"much-worked"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σίδηρος","lemma":"σίδηρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"iron"}]},{"number":380,"label":"380","id":"b10-l380","source":"τῶν κʼ ὔμμιν χαρίσαιτο πατὴρ ἀπερείσιʼ ἄποινα","translation":"From these my father would grant you boundless ransom,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l380.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἄποινα","gloss":"from these"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ὔμμιν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative plural pronoun","role":"object of χαρίσαιτο","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"χαρίσαιτο","lemma":"χαρίζομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τε","gloss":"grant"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of χαρίσαιτο","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἀπερείσι","lemma":"ἀπερείσιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄποινα","gloss":"boundless"},{"surface":"ἄποινα","lemma":"ἄποινα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of χαρίσαιτο","gloss":"ransom"}]},{"number":381,"label":"381","id":"b10-l381","source":"εἴ κεν ἐμὲ ζωὸν πεπύθοιτʼ ἐπὶ νηυσὶν Ἀχαιῶν.","translation":"if he heard that I was alive beside the ships of the Achaeans.”","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l381.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἐμὲ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πεπύθοιτ̓","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ζωὸν","lemma":"ζωός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alive"},{"surface":"πεπύθοιτ","lemma":"πυνθάνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"he heard of"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἐπὶ","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶν","gloss":"of Achaeans"}]},{"number":382,"label":"382","id":"b10-l382","source":"τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"Then Odysseus of many wiles answered him and said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l382.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"πολύμητις","lemma":"πολύμητις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"of many wiles"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":383,"label":"383","id":"b10-l383","source":"θάρσει, μηδέ τί τοι θάνατος καταθύμιος ἔστω.","translation":"\"Take heart, and let death be no concern within your heart.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l383.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θάνατος καταθύμιος","title":"Death within the heart","body":"καταθύμιος describes what lies upon or within the θυμός, the seat of feeling and resolve. Odysseus calms Dolon by removing death, for the moment, from the fear lodged in his heart."}],"words":[{"surface":"θάρσει","lemma":"θαρσέω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"take heart"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔστω","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἔστω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"θάνατος","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔστω","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"καταθύμιος","lemma":"καταθύμιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a concern"},{"surface":"ἔστω","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let be"}]},{"number":384,"label":"384","id":"b10-l384","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε μοι τόδε εἰπὲ καὶ ἀτρεκέως κατάλεξον·","translation":"But come, tell me this and recount it truly:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l384.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"εἰπὲ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀτρεκέως","lemma":"ἀτρεκής","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατάλεξον","gloss":"plainly"},{"surface":"κατάλεξον","lemma":"καταλέγω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"recount"}]},{"number":385,"label":"385","id":"b10-l385","source":"πῇ δὴ οὕτως ἐπὶ νῆας ἀπὸ στρατοῦ ἔρχεαι οἶος","translation":"why are you going thus alone from the camp toward the ships","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l385.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πῇ","lemma":"πῆ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"object of ἔρχεαι","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οὕτως","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"στρατοῦ","lemma":"στρατός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"the camp"},{"surface":"ἔρχεαι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are you going"},{"surface":"οἶος","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"}]},{"number":386,"label":"386","id":"b10-l386","source":"νύκτα διʼ ὀρφναίην, ὅτε θʼ εὕδουσι βροτοὶ ἄλλοι;","translation":"through the dark night, when other mortals sleep?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l386.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νύκτα","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δἰ","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"δι","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ὀρφναίην","lemma":"ὀρφναῖος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νύκτα","gloss":"murky"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὕδουσι","lemma":"εὕδω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"βροτοὶ","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of εὕδουσι","gloss":"mortals"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βροτοὶ","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":387,"label":"387","id":"b10-l387","source":"ἤ τινα συλήσων νεκύων κατατεθνηώτων;","translation":"Is it to strip someone among the fallen dead?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l387.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"τινα","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of συλήσων","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"συλήσων","lemma":"συλάω","morphology":"future active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"to despoil"},{"surface":"νεκύων","lemma":"νέκυς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τινα","gloss":"among the dead"},{"surface":"κατατεθνηώτων","lemma":"καταθνήσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"modifies νεκύων","gloss":"dead"}]},{"number":388,"label":"388","id":"b10-l388","source":"ἦ σʼ Ἕκτωρ προέηκε διασκοπιᾶσθαι ἕκαστα","translation":"Or did Hector send you to spy out everything","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l388.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of προέηκε","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προέηκε","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"προέηκε","lemma":"προίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent"},{"surface":"διασκοπιᾶσθαι","lemma":"διασκοπιάομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to προέηκε","gloss":"to spy out"},{"surface":"ἕκαστα","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of διασκοπιᾶσθαι","gloss":"everything"}]},{"number":389,"label":"389","id":"b10-l389","source":"νῆας ἔπι γλαφυράς; ἦ σʼ αὐτὸν θυμὸς ἀνῆκε;","translation":"at the hollow ships? Or did your own heart urge you on?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l389.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔπι","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"γλαφυράς","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἀνῆκε","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνῆκε","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἀνῆκε","lemma":"ἀνίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urged on"}]},{"number":390,"label":"390","id":"b10-l390","source":"τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα Δόλων, ὑπὸ δʼ ἔτρεμε γυῖα·","translation":"Then Dolon answered him; his limbs trembled beneath him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l390.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Δόλων","lemma":"Δόλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"Dolon"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔτρεμε","lemma":"τρέμω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"trembled"},{"surface":"γυῖα","lemma":"γυῖον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔτρεμε","gloss":"limbs"}]},{"number":391,"label":"391","id":"b10-l391","source":"πολλῇσίν μʼ ἄτῃσι παρὲκ νόον ἤγαγεν Ἕκτωρ,","translation":"\"Hector led my mind astray with many ruinous delusions,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l391.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πολλῇσίν μʼ ἄτῃσι","title":"Ate: ruinous blindness","body":"ἄτη is a blinding delusion that drives someone into disastrous action. Dolon makes Hector the agent who led his mind aside, while the word also anticipates the ruin produced by that error."}],"words":[{"surface":"πολλῇσίν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄτῃσι","gloss":"with many"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἤγαγεν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἄτῃσι","lemma":"ἄτη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἤγαγεν","gloss":"delusions"},{"surface":"παρὲκ","lemma":"παρέξ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"astray"},{"surface":"νόον","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of παρὲκ","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"ἤγαγεν","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤγαγεν","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":392,"label":"392","id":"b10-l392","source":"ὅς μοι Πηλεΐωνος ἀγαυοῦ μώνυχας ἵππους","translation":"who promised to give me the single-hoofed horses of Peleus' glorious son","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l392.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κατένευσε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δωσέμεναι","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"Πηλεΐωνος","lemma":"Πηλείων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"of Peleus’s son"},{"surface":"ἀγαυοῦ","lemma":"ἀγαυός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πηλεΐωνος","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"μώνυχας","lemma":"μω~νυξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"single-hoofed"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":393,"label":"393","id":"b10-l393","source":"δωσέμεναι κατένευσε καὶ ἅρματα ποικίλα χαλκῷ,","translation":"and his chariot richly worked in bronze; and he ordered me","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l393.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δωσέμεναι","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of κατένευσε","gloss":"to give"},{"surface":"κατένευσε","lemma":"κατανεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"nodded assent"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅρματα","lemma":"ἅρμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"ποικίλα","lemma":"ποικίλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἅρματα","gloss":"richly wrought"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ποικίλα","gloss":"in bronze"}]},{"number":394,"label":"394","id":"b10-l394","source":"ἠνώγει δέ μʼ ἰόντα θοὴν διὰ νύκτα μέλαιναν","translation":"to go through the swift black night","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l394.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠνώγει","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had ordered"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠνώγει","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἰόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"θοὴν","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νύκτα","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"νύκτα","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of διὰ","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"μέλαιναν","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νύκτα","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":395,"label":"395","id":"b10-l395","source":"ἀνδρῶν δυσμενέων σχεδὸν ἐλθέμεν, ἔκ τε πυθέσθαι","translation":"and draw near the enemy men, and learn","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l395.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of σχεδὸν","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"δυσμενέων","lemma":"δυσμενής","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"enemy"},{"surface":"σχεδὸν","lemma":"σχεδόν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἐλθέμεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of τε","gloss":"to come"},{"surface":"ἔκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πυθέσθαι","lemma":"πυνθάνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of τε","gloss":"to learn"}]},{"number":396,"label":"396","id":"b10-l396","source":"ἠὲ φυλάσσονται νῆες θοαὶ ὡς τὸ πάρος περ,","translation":"whether the swift ships are guarded as before,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l396.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"φυλάσσονται","lemma":"φυλάσσω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of ἦ","gloss":"are guarded"},{"surface":"νῆες","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of φυλάσσονται","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"θοαὶ","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter article","role":"modifies πάρος","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":397,"label":"397","id":"b10-l397","source":"ἦ ἤδη χείρεσσιν ὑφʼ ἡμετέρῃσι δαμέντες","translation":"or whether, already broken beneath our hands,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l397.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"χείρεσσιν ὑφʼ ἡμετέρῃσι δαμέντες","title":"The question repeated","body":"This Greek line is identical to line 310, where Hector first posed the question Dolon now reports. The English is therefore locked to that earlier question rather than freshly paraphrased here."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βουλεύουσι","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"χείρεσσιν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὑφ̓","gloss":"by hands"},{"surface":"ὑφ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"ἡμετέρῃσι","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χείρεσσιν","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"δαμέντες","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to βουλεύουσι","gloss":"defeated"}]},{"number":398,"label":"398","id":"b10-l398","source":"φύξιν βουλεύουσι μετὰ σφίσιν, οὐδʼ ἐθέλουσι","translation":"they are planning flight among themselves and have no wish","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l398.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φύξιν","lemma":"φύξις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of βουλεύουσι","gloss":"flight"},{"surface":"βουλεύουσι","lemma":"βουλεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"are planning"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"σφίσιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"ἐθέλουσι","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"wish"}]},{"number":399,"label":"399","id":"b10-l399","source":"νύκτα φυλασσέμεναι, καμάτῳ ἀδηκότες αἰνῷ.","translation":"to keep watch through the night, worn down by cruel toil.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l399.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νύκτα","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to φυλασσέμεναι","gloss":"through the night"},{"surface":"φυλασσέμεναι","lemma":"φυλάσσω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλουσι","gloss":"watch"},{"surface":"καμάτῳ","lemma":"κάματος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀδηκότες","gloss":"with weariness"},{"surface":"ἀδηκότες","lemma":"ἀδέω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐθέλουσι","gloss":"worn down"},{"surface":"αἰνῷ","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies καμάτῳ","gloss":"cruel"}]},{"number":400,"label":"400","id":"b10-l400","source":"τὸν δʼ ἐπιμειδήσας προσέφη πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"Then Odysseus of many wiles smiled and spoke to him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l400.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπιμειδήσας","lemma":"ἐπιμειδάω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"smiling"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"πολύμητις","lemma":"πολύμητις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"of many wiles"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":401,"label":"401","id":"b10-l401","source":"ἦ ῥά νύ τοι μεγάλων δώρων ἐπεμαίετο θυμὸς","translation":"\"Truly your heart reached out for mighty gifts—","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l401.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"μεγάλων","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δώρων","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"δώρων","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"ἐπεμαίετο","lemma":"ἐπιμαίομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reached for","note":"The middle verb pictures the heart reaching or grasping after the prize."},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπεμαίετο","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":402,"label":"402","id":"b10-l402","source":"ἵππων Αἰακίδαο δαΐφρονος· οἳ δʼ ἀλεγεινοὶ","translation":"the horses of the warlike son of Aeacus. But hard they are","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l402.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"Αἰακίδαο","lemma":"Αἰακίδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵππων","gloss":"of Aeacus’s son"},{"surface":"δαΐφρονος","lemma":"δαίφρων","morphology":"genitive singular adjective","role":"modifies Αἰακίδαο","gloss":"warlike"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλεγεινοὶ","lemma":"ἀλεγεινός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"hard"}]},{"number":403,"label":"403","id":"b10-l403","source":"ἀνδράσι γε θνητοῖσι δαμήμεναι ἠδʼ ὀχέεσθαι","translation":"for mortal men to master and to drive,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l403.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδράσι","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀλεγεινοὶ","gloss":"for men"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"θνητοῖσι","lemma":"θνητός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδράσι","gloss":"mortal"},{"surface":"δαμήμεναι","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"modifies ἠδ̓","gloss":"to be mastered"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀχέεσθαι","lemma":"ὀχέω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"modifies ἠδ̓","gloss":"to drive"}]},{"number":404,"label":"404","id":"b10-l404","source":"ἄλλῳ γʼ ἢ Ἀχιλῆϊ, τὸν ἀθανάτη τέκε μήτηρ.","translation":"for any but Achilles, whom an immortal mother bore.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l404.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλῳ","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδράσι","gloss":"anyone else"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆϊ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἢ","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τέκε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτη","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μήτηρ","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"τέκε","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἀχιλῆϊ","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τέκε","gloss":"mother"}]},{"number":405,"label":"405","id":"b10-l405","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε μοι τόδε εἰπὲ καὶ ἀτρεκέως κατάλεξον·","translation":"But come, tell me this and recount it truly:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l405.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἰπὲ","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of εἰπὲ","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"εἰπὲ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀτρεκέως","lemma":"ἀτρεκής","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατάλεξον","gloss":"plainly"},{"surface":"κατάλεξον","lemma":"καταλέγω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"recount"}]},{"number":406,"label":"406","id":"b10-l406","source":"ποῦ νῦν δεῦρο κιὼν λίπες Ἕκτορα ποιμένα λαῶν;","translation":"where, when you came here, did you leave Hector, shepherd of the people?","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l406.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ποῦ","lemma":"ποῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λίπες","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δεῦρο","lemma":"δεῦρο","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of κιὼν","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"κιὼν","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to λίπες","gloss":"coming"},{"surface":"λίπες","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did you leave"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορα","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λίπες","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"ποιμένα","lemma":"ποιμήν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἕκτορα","gloss":"shepherd"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ποιμένα","gloss":"of the people"}]},{"number":407,"label":"407","id":"b10-l407","source":"ποῦ δέ οἱ ἔντεα κεῖται ἀρήϊα, ποῦ δέ οἱ ἵπποι;","translation":"Where does his war gear lie, and where are his horses?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l407.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ποῦ","lemma":"ποῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κεῖται","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἔντεα","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἔντεα","lemma":"ἔντεα","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of κεῖται","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"κεῖται","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"ἀρήϊα","lemma":"ἄρειος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔντεα","gloss":"for war"},{"surface":"ποῦ","lemma":"ποῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":408,"label":"408","id":"b10-l408","source":"πῶς δαὶ τῶν ἄλλων Τρώων φυλακαί τε καὶ εὐναί;","translation":"And how are the other Trojans' watches and sleeping places ordered?","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l408.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πῶς","lemma":"πῶς","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"δαὶ","lemma":"δαί","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine article","role":"modifies Τρώων","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρώων","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"φυλακαί","lemma":"φυλακή","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"watches"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὐναί","lemma":"εὐνή","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"sleeping places"}]},{"number":409,"label":"409","id":"b10-l409","source":"ἅσσά τε μητιόωσι μετὰ σφίσιν, ἢ μεμάασιν","translation":"what they are planning among themselves, whether they are eager","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l409.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἅσσά","lemma":"ὅστις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"what things"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μητιόωσι","lemma":"μητιάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are planning"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"σφίσιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"μεμάασιν","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of ἦε","gloss":"they are eager"}]},{"number":410,"label":"410","id":"b10-l410","source":"αὖθι μένειν παρὰ νηυσὶν ἀπόπροθεν, ἦε πόλιν δὲ","translation":"to remain here beside the ships, far from the city, or back toward the city","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l410.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὖθι","lemma":"αὖθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of μένειν","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"μένειν","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of μεμάασιν","gloss":"to stay"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of παρὰ","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"ἀπόπροθεν","lemma":"ἀπόπροθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μένειν","gloss":"far away"},{"surface":"ἦε","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀναχωρήσουσιν","gloss":"the city"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":411,"label":"411","id":"b10-l411","source":"ἂψ ἀναχωρήσουσιν, ἐπεὶ δαμάσαντό γʼ Ἀχαιούς.","translation":"they will withdraw, now that they have defeated the Achaeans.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l411.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀναχωρήσουσιν","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ἀναχωρήσουσιν","lemma":"ἀναχωρέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of ἦε","gloss":"they will withdraw"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"now that"},{"surface":"δαμάσαντό","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"they defeated"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of δαμάσαντό","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":412,"label":"412","id":"b10-l412","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε Δόλων Εὐμήδεος υἱός·","translation":"Then Dolon, son of Eumedes, addressed him again:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l412.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"Δόλων","lemma":"Δόλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Dolon"},{"surface":"Εὐμήδεος","lemma":"Εὐμήδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"of Eumedes"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":413,"label":"413","id":"b10-l413","source":"τοὶ γὰρ ἐγώ τοι ταῦτα μάλʼ ἀτρεκέως καταλέξω.","translation":"\"Then I will tell you all this very truly.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l413.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καταλέξω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of καταλέξω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of καταλέξω","gloss":"all this"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ἀτρεκέως","lemma":"ἀτρεκής","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καταλέξω","gloss":"plainly"},{"surface":"καταλέξω","lemma":"καταλέγω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will tell"}]},{"number":414,"label":"414","id":"b10-l414","source":"Ἕκτωρ μὲν μετὰ τοῖσιν, ὅσοι βουληφόροι εἰσί,","translation":"Hector, among all those who are bearers of counsel,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l414.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βουλεύει","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"ὅσοι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of εἰσί","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"βουληφόροι","lemma":"βουληφόρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"counselors"},{"surface":"εἰσί","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τοῖσιν","gloss":"are"}]},{"number":415,"label":"415","id":"b10-l415","source":"βουλὰς βουλεύει θείου παρὰ σήματι Ἴλου","translation":"is weaving counsel at the tomb of godlike Ilus,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l415.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βουλὰς","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of βουλεύει","gloss":"counsels"},{"surface":"βουλεύει","lemma":"βουλεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is planning"},{"surface":"θείου","lemma":"θεῖος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἴλου","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"σήματι","lemma":"σῆμα","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"the tomb"},{"surface":"Ἴλου","lemma":"Ἶλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies σήματι","gloss":"of Ilus"}]},{"number":416,"label":"416","id":"b10-l416","source":"νόσφιν ἀπὸ φλοίσβου· φυλακὰς δʼ ἃς εἴρεαι ἥρως","translation":"apart from the tumult. But as for the watches you ask of, hero,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l416.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νόσφιν","lemma":"νόσφι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βουλεύει","gloss":"apart"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"φλοίσβου","lemma":"φλοῖσβος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπὸ","gloss":"the tumult"},{"surface":"φυλακὰς","lemma":"φυλακή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"the watches"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of εἴρεαι","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"εἴρεαι","lemma":"ἔρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing φυλακὰς","gloss":"you ask about"},{"surface":"ἥρως","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"hero"}]},{"number":417,"label":"417","id":"b10-l417","source":"οὔ τις κεκριμένη ῥύεται στρατὸν οὐδὲ φυλάσσει.","translation":"no chosen guard protects the camp or keeps watch.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l417.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"οὔ τις κεκριμένη","title":"No selected watch","body":"κεκριμένη is a perfect middle-passive participle agreeing with an understood φυλακή, watch. Dolon says no guard has been specially selected and remains established in that role for the whole camp."}],"words":[{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"κεκριμένη","lemma":"κρίνω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"chosen"},{"surface":"ῥύεται","lemma":"ῥύομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"guards"},{"surface":"στρατὸν","lemma":"στρατός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ῥύεται","gloss":"the camp"},{"surface":"φυλάσσει","lemma":"φυλάσσω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"keeps watch"}]},{"number":418,"label":"418","id":"b10-l418","source":"ὅσσαι μὲν Τρώων πυρὸς ἐσχάραι, οἷσιν ἀνάγκη","translation":"By every Trojan hearth-fire, those compelled by need","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l418.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅσσαι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἐσχάραι","gloss":"as many as"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies ἐσχάραι","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"πυρὸς","lemma":"πυρός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐσχάραι","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"ἐσχάραι","lemma":"ἐσχάρα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"hearth-fires"},{"surface":"οἷσιν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"for whom"},{"surface":"ἀνάγκη","lemma":"ἀνάγκη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"necessity"}]},{"number":419,"label":"419","id":"b10-l419","source":"οἷ δʼ ἐγρηγόρθασι φυλασσέμεναί τε κέλονται","translation":"are awake and bid one another keep watch;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l419.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐγρηγόρθασι","lemma":"ἐγείρω","morphology":"pluperfect passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are awake","note":"A resultative perfect-form verb: they have awakened and remain awake."},{"surface":"φυλασσέμεναί","lemma":"φυλάσσω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of κέλονται","gloss":"to keep watch"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κέλονται","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urge"}]},{"number":420,"label":"420","id":"b10-l420","source":"ἀλλήλοις· ἀτὰρ αὖτε πολύκλητοι ἐπίκουροι","translation":"but the far-summoned allies, in turn,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l420.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πολύκλητοι ἐπίκουροι","title":"Allies summoned from afar","body":"πολύκλητοι describes allies called from many places or from far away. Their distance from home explains the contrast Dolon draws next: unlike the Trojans, they have no families nearby to protect."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλήλοις","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of κέλονται","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"πολύκλητοι","lemma":"πολύκλητος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐπίκουροι","gloss":"called from many lands"},{"surface":"ἐπίκουροι","lemma":"ἐπίκουρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of εὕδουσι","gloss":"allies"}]},{"number":421,"label":"421","id":"b10-l421","source":"εὕδουσι· Τρωσὶν γὰρ ἐπιτραπέουσι φυλάσσειν·","translation":"sleep; they entrust the Trojans to keep the watch,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l421.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὕδουσι","lemma":"εὕδω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"Τρωσὶν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπιτραπέουσι","gloss":"to Trojans"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐπιτραπέουσι","lemma":"ἐπιτρέπω","morphology":"aorist passive subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they entrust"},{"surface":"φυλάσσειν","lemma":"φυλάσσω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἐπιτραπέουσι","gloss":"to keep watch"}]},{"number":422,"label":"422","id":"b10-l422","source":"οὐ γάρ σφιν παῖδες σχεδὸν εἵαται οὐδὲ γυναῖκες.","translation":"since their children and wives are not near at hand.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l422.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies παῖδες","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"παῖδες","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of εἵαται","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"σχεδὸν","lemma":"σχεδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἵαται","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"εἵαται","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sit"},{"surface":"γυναῖκες","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"women"}]},{"number":423,"label":"423","id":"b10-l423","source":"τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"Then Odysseus of many wiles answered him and said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l423.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"πολύμητις","lemma":"πολύμητις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"of many wiles"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":424,"label":"424","id":"b10-l424","source":"πῶς γὰρ νῦν Τρώεσσι μεμιγμένοι ἱπποδάμοισιν","translation":"\"Then do they now sleep mingled with the horse-taming Trojans,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l424.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Τρώεσσι μεμιγμένοι ἱπποδάμοισιν","title":"Mixed with the Trojans","body":"μεμιγμένοι is a perfect middle-passive participle: Odysseus asks whether the allies sleep in a settled mixture with the horse-taming Trojans or occupy separate ground. The spatial distinction controls Dolon's answer."}],"words":[{"surface":"πῶς","lemma":"πῶς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εὕδουσ̓","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εὕδουσ̓","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μεμιγμένοι","gloss":"with Trojans"},{"surface":"μεμιγμένοι","lemma":"μίγνυμι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦ","gloss":"joined"},{"surface":"ἱπποδάμοισιν","lemma":"ἱππόδαμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρώεσσι","gloss":"horse-taming"}]},{"number":425,"label":"425","id":"b10-l425","source":"εὕδουσʼ ἦ ἀπάνευθε; δίειπέ μοι ὄφρα δαείω.","translation":"or apart? Explain it, so that I may know.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l425.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὕδουσ","lemma":"εὕδω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do they sleep"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἀπάνευθε","lemma":"ἀπάνευθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦ","gloss":"apart"},{"surface":"δίειπέ","lemma":"διεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"explain"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δίειπέ","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"δαείω","lemma":"δάω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"I may know"}]},{"number":426,"label":"426","id":"b10-l426","source":"τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα Δόλων Εὐμήδεος υἱός·","translation":"Then Dolon, son of Eumedes, answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l426.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Δόλων","lemma":"Δόλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Dolon"},{"surface":"Εὐμήδεος","lemma":"Εὐμήδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"of Eumedes"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":427,"label":"427","id":"b10-l427","source":"τοὶ γὰρ ἐγὼ καὶ ταῦτα μάλʼ ἀτρεκέως καταλέξω.","translation":"\"Then I will tell you this too very truly.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l427.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καταλέξω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of καταλέξω","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ἀτρεκέως","lemma":"ἀτρεκής","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καταλέξω","gloss":"plainly"},{"surface":"καταλέξω","lemma":"καταλέγω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will tell"}]},{"number":428,"label":"428","id":"b10-l428","source":"πρὸς μὲν ἁλὸς Κᾶρες καὶ Παίονες ἀγκυλότοξοι","translation":"Toward the sea lie the Carians and the curved-bow Paeonians,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l428.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one side"},{"surface":"ἁλὸς","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"the sea"},{"surface":"Κᾶρες","lemma":"Κάρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"the Carians"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Παίονες","lemma":"Παίων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Paeonians"},{"surface":"ἀγκυλότοξοι","lemma":"ἀγκυλότοξος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Παίονες","gloss":"curved-bow"}]},{"number":429,"label":"429","id":"b10-l429","source":"καὶ Λέλεγες καὶ Καύκωνες δῖοί τε Πελασγοί,","translation":"and the Leleges and Cauconians and godlike Pelasgians;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l429.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Λέλεγες","lemma":"Λέλεγες","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Leleges"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Καύκωνες","lemma":"Καύκωνες","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Cauconians"},{"surface":"δῖοί","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πελασγοί","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πελασγοί","lemma":"Πελασγός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Pelasgians"}]},{"number":430,"label":"430","id":"b10-l430","source":"πρὸς Θύμβρης δʼ ἔλαχον Λύκιοι Μυσοί τʼ ἀγέρωχοι","translation":"toward Thymbra the Lycians and proud Mysians received their lot,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l430.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"Θύμβρης","lemma":"Θύμβρη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"Thymbra"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔλαχον","lemma":"λαγχάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew the lot"},{"surface":"Λύκιοι","lemma":"Λύκιοι","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Lycians"},{"surface":"Μυσοί","lemma":"Μυσός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Mysians"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγέρωχοι","lemma":"ἀγέρωχος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μυσοί","gloss":"proud"}]},{"number":431,"label":"431","id":"b10-l431","source":"καὶ Φρύγες ἱππόμαχοι καὶ Μῄονες ἱπποκορυσταί.","translation":"and Phrygians who fight from chariots and Maeonian chariot-warriors.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l431.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Φρύγες","lemma":"Φρύξ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Phrygians"},{"surface":"ἱππόμαχοι","lemma":"ἱππόμαχος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Φρύγες","gloss":"chariot-fighting"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μῄονες","lemma":"Μῄων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Maeonians"},{"surface":"ἱπποκορυσταί","lemma":"ἱπποκορυστής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μῄονες","gloss":"chariot-fighters"}]},{"number":432,"label":"432","id":"b10-l432","source":"ἀλλὰ τί ἢ ἐμὲ ταῦτα διεξερέεσθε ἕκαστα;","translation":"But why do you question me through all these things one by one?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l432.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τίς","morphology":"irregular","role":"adverbial to διεξερέεσθε","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"pray"},{"surface":"ἐμὲ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of διεξερέεσθε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of διεξερέεσθε","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"διεξερέεσθε","lemma":"διεξερέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do you question","note":"The epic second-person plural form addresses both Odysseus and Diomedes."},{"surface":"ἕκαστα","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ταῦτα","gloss":"one by one"}]},{"number":433,"label":"433","id":"b10-l433","source":"εἰ γὰρ δὴ μέματον Τρώων καταδῦναι ὅμιλον","translation":"If indeed you two are eager to enter the Trojan throng,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l433.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"μέματον","title":"The two raiders","body":"μέματον is a dual verb: Dolon addresses Odysseus and Diomedes together as the pair eager to penetrate the Trojan host. He returns to dual forms with πελάσσετον in line 442 and ἔλθητον and πειρηθῆτον in line 444, though line 443 uses plural forms."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μέματον","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd dual verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"you two are eager"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies ὅμιλον","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"καταδῦναι","lemma":"καταδύω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of μέματον","gloss":"to enter"},{"surface":"ὅμιλον","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καταδῦναι","gloss":"the throng"}]},{"number":434,"label":"434","id":"b10-l434","source":"Θρήϊκες οἷδʼ ἀπάνευθε νεήλυδες ἔσχατοι ἄλλων·","translation":"here are Thracians, apart, newly arrived, at the farthest edge of all;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l434.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Θρήϊκες","lemma":"Θρᾷξ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"the Thracians"},{"surface":"οἷδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies Θρήϊκες","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"ἀπάνευθε","lemma":"ἀπάνευθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"apart"},{"surface":"νεήλυδες","lemma":"νέηλυς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"newly arrived"},{"surface":"ἔσχατοι","lemma":"ἔσχατος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"farthest"},{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἔσχατοι","gloss":"of all others"}]},{"number":435,"label":"435","id":"b10-l435","source":"ἐν δέ σφιν Ῥῆσος βασιλεὺς πάϊς Ἠϊονῆος.","translation":"among them is their king Rhesus, son of Eioneus.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l435.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"Ῥῆσος","lemma":"Ῥῆσος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Rhesus"},{"surface":"βασιλεὺς","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ῥῆσος","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"πάϊς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Ἠϊονῆος","lemma":"Ἠϊονεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"of Eioneus"}]},{"number":436,"label":"436","id":"b10-l436","source":"τοῦ δὴ καλλίστους ἵππους ἴδον ἠδὲ μεγίστους·","translation":"His horses I saw—the finest and the largest;","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l436.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καλλίστους","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"finest"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἴδον","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"ἴδον","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I saw"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μεγίστους","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"largest"}]},{"number":437,"label":"437","id":"b10-l437","source":"λευκότεροι χιόνος, θείειν δʼ ἀνέμοισιν ὁμοῖοι·","translation":"whiter than snow, and in running like the winds.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l437.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"λευκότεροι χιόνος, θείειν δʼ ἀνέμοισιν ὁμοῖοι","title":"Rhesus's horses","body":"Dolon gives two separate comparisons: the horses are whiter than snow, and their running is like the winds. These claims follow his first judgment that they are the finest and largest he has seen."}],"words":[{"surface":"λευκότεροι","lemma":"λευκός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"whiter"},{"surface":"χιόνος","lemma":"χιών","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies λευκότεροι","gloss":"than snow"},{"surface":"θείειν","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"modifies ὁμοῖοι","gloss":"in running"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνέμοισιν","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὁμοῖοι","gloss":"to winds"},{"surface":"ὁμοῖοι","lemma":"ὅμοιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"equal"}]},{"number":438,"label":"438","id":"b10-l438","source":"ἅρμα δέ οἱ χρυσῷ τε καὶ ἀργύρῳ εὖ ἤσκηται·","translation":"His chariot is well wrought in gold and silver,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l438.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἅρμα","lemma":"ἅρμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἤσκηται","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἅρμα","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"χρυσῷ","lemma":"χρυσός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"with gold"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀργύρῳ","lemma":"ἄργυρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"silver"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤσκηται","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"ἤσκηται","lemma":"ἀσκέω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is wrought"}]},{"number":439,"label":"439","id":"b10-l439","source":"τεύχεα δὲ χρύσεια πελώρια θαῦμα ἰδέσθαι","translation":"and he came bearing enormous golden armor, a wonder to behold;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l439.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χρύσεια","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"πελώρια","lemma":"πελώριος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"θαῦμα","lemma":"θαῦμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"a wonder"},{"surface":"ἰδέσθαι","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"modifies θαῦμα","gloss":"to behold"}]},{"number":440,"label":"440","id":"b10-l440","source":"ἤλυθʼ ἔχων· τὰ μὲν οὔ τι καταθνητοῖσιν ἔοικεν","translation":"these do not seem fit for mortal","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l440.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤλυθ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he came"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤλυθ̓","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of φορέειν","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔοικεν","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"καταθνητοῖσιν","lemma":"καταθνητός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνδρεσσιν","gloss":"mortal"},{"surface":"ἔοικεν","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seems fitting"}]},{"number":441,"label":"441","id":"b10-l441","source":"ἄνδρεσσιν φορέειν, ἀλλʼ ἀθανάτοισι θεοῖσιν.","translation":"men to wear, but for immortal gods.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l441.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄνδρεσσιν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔοικεν","gloss":"for men"},{"surface":"φορέειν","lemma":"φορέω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject of ἔοικεν","gloss":"to wear"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοῖσιν","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"θεοῖσιν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"for gods"}]},{"number":442,"label":"442","id":"b10-l442","source":"ἀλλʼ ἐμὲ μὲν νῦν νηυσὶ πελάσσετον ὠκυπόροισιν,","translation":"But now take me near the swift-faring ships,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l442.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐμὲ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πελάσσετον","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πελάσσετον","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of πελάσσετον","gloss":"to ships"},{"surface":"πελάσσετον","lemma":"πελάζω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bring near","note":"A second-person dual imperative addressed to the two captors."},{"surface":"ὠκυπόροισιν","lemma":"ὠκύπορος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶ","gloss":"swift-faring"}]},{"number":443,"label":"443","id":"b10-l443","source":"ἠέ με δήσαντες λίπετʼ αὐτόθι νηλέϊ δεσμῷ,","translation":"or bind me with a pitiless bond and leave me here,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l443.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠέ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of λίπετ̓","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"δήσαντες","lemma":"δέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to λίπετ̓","gloss":"having bound"},{"surface":"λίπετ","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"leave"},{"surface":"αὐτόθι","lemma":"αὐτόθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of λίπετ̓","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"νηλέϊ","lemma":"νηλής","morphology":"dative singular adjective","role":"modifies δεσμῷ","gloss":"pitiless"},{"surface":"δεσμῷ","lemma":"δεσμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to δήσαντες","gloss":"with a bond"}]},{"number":444,"label":"444","id":"b10-l444","source":"ὄφρά κεν ἔλθητον καὶ πειρηθῆτον ἐμεῖο","translation":"until you two return and put me to the proof,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l444.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρά","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἔλθητον","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd dual verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"you two return","note":"Second-person dual: “until you two return.”"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πειρηθῆτον","lemma":"πειράω","morphology":"aorist passive subjunctive, 2nd dual verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"put to proof","note":"Second-person dual, matching the two men addressed."},{"surface":"ἐμεῖο","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πειρηθῆτον","gloss":"me"}]},{"number":445,"label":"445","id":"b10-l445","source":"ἠὲ κατʼ αἶσαν ἔειπον ἐν ὑμῖν, ἦε καὶ οὐκί.","translation":"whether I spoke among you in due measure or not.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l445.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἠέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"αἶσαν","lemma":"αἶσα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατ̓","gloss":"due measure"},{"surface":"ἔειπον","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"object of ἦε","gloss":"I spoke"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ὑμῖν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative plural pronoun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἦε","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"οὐκί","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"}]},{"number":446,"label":"446","id":"b10-l446","source":"τὸν δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν προσέφη κρατερὸς Διομήδης·","translation":"Then, glaring at him from under his brows, mighty Diomedes spoke:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l446.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"τὸν δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν προσέφη κρατερὸς Διομήδης","title":"The inherited angry-retort formula","body":"The whole Greek line is identical to Iliad 4.411. Its English therefore repeats the accepted hupodra formula exactly, including the fixed epithet mighty Diomedes."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὑπόδρα","lemma":"ὑπόδρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰδὼν","gloss":"from under brows"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"seeing"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"κρατερὸς","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διομήδης","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"Διομήδης","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Diomedes"}]},{"number":447,"label":"447","id":"b10-l447","source":"μὴ δή μοι φύξίν γε Δόλων ἐμβάλλεο θυμῷ·","translation":"\"Do not, Dolon, lodge hope of escape within your heart,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l447.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐμβάλλεο","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"φύξίν","lemma":"φύξις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐμβάλλεο","gloss":"escape"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Δόλων","lemma":"Δόλων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Dolon"},{"surface":"ἐμβάλλεο","lemma":"ἐμβάλλω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lodge"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐμβάλλεο","gloss":"in your heart"}]},{"number":448,"label":"448","id":"b10-l448","source":"ἐσθλά περ ἀγγείλας, ἐπεὶ ἵκεο χεῖρας ἐς ἁμάς.","translation":"though you have brought good tidings, since you have come into our hands.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l448.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐσθλά","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀγγείλας","gloss":"good tidings"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἀγγείλας","lemma":"ἀγγέλλω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"having reported"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"ἵκεο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"you came"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"ἁμάς","lemma":"ἁμός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χεῖρας","gloss":"our"}]},{"number":449,"label":"449","id":"b10-l449","source":"εἰ μὲν γάρ κέ σε νῦν ἀπολύσομεν ἠὲ μεθῶμεν,","translation":"For if we now release you or let you go,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l449.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"we should"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἠὲ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠὲ","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἀπολύσομεν","lemma":"ἀπολύω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἠὲ","gloss":"release"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἠέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"μεθῶμεν","lemma":"μεθίημι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἠὲ","gloss":"let go"}]},{"number":450,"label":"450","id":"b10-l450","source":"ἦ τε καὶ ὕστερον εἶσθα θοὰς ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"surely later you will come again to the swift ships of the Achaeans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l450.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ὕστερον","lemma":"ὕστερος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to εἶσθα","gloss":"hereafter"},{"surface":"εἶσθα","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you will come"},{"surface":"θοὰς","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"of Achaeans"}]},{"number":451,"label":"451","id":"b10-l451","source":"ἠὲ διοπτεύσων ἢ ἐναντίβιον πολεμίξων·","translation":"either to spy or to fight us face to face;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l451.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἠέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"διοπτεύσων","lemma":"διοπτεύω","morphology":"future active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"to spy"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἐναντίβιον","lemma":"ἐναντίβιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to πολεμίξων","gloss":"face to face"},{"surface":"πολεμίξων","lemma":"πολεμίζω","morphology":"future active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":452,"label":"452","id":"b10-l452","source":"εἰ δέ κʼ ἐμῇς ὑπὸ χερσὶ δαμεὶς ἀπὸ θυμὸν ὀλέσσῃς,","translation":"but if, subdued beneath my hands, you lose your life,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l452.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"ἐμῇς","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χερσὶ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"δαμεὶς","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὀλέσσῃς","gloss":"subdued"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀλέσσῃς","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"ὀλέσσῃς","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"you lose"}]},{"number":453,"label":"453","id":"b10-l453","source":"οὐκέτʼ ἔπειτα σὺ πῆμά ποτʼ ἔσσεαι Ἀργείοισιν.","translation":"never again will you be a source of harm to the Argives.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l453.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐκέτ","lemma":"οὐκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσσεαι","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσσεαι","gloss":"afterward"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἔσσεαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"πῆμά","lemma":"πῆμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a bane"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἔσσεαι","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"ἔσσεαι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"Ἀργείοισιν","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἔσσεαι","gloss":"to the Argives"}]},{"number":454,"label":"454","id":"b10-l454","source":"ἦ, καὶ ὃ μέν μιν ἔμελλε γενείου χειρὶ παχείῃ","translation":"He spoke; and Dolon was about to touch Diomedes' chin with his strong hand","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l454.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔμελλε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of λίσσεσθαι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἔμελλε","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was about"},{"surface":"γενείου","lemma":"γένειον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἁψάμενος","gloss":"chin"},{"surface":"χειρὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἁψάμενος","gloss":"with his hand"},{"surface":"παχείῃ","lemma":"παχύς","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χειρὶ","gloss":"strong"}]},{"number":455,"label":"455","id":"b10-l455","source":"ἁψάμενος λίσσεσθαι, ὃ δʼ αὐχένα μέσσον ἔλασσε","translation":"and clasp it in supplication, but Diomedes sprang and struck the middle of his neck","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l455.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἁψάμενος","lemma":"ἅπτω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to λίσσεσθαι","gloss":"taking hold"},{"surface":"λίσσεσθαι","lemma":"λίσσομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἔμελλε","gloss":"to supplicate"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔλασσε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αὐχένα","lemma":"αὐχήν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔλασσε","gloss":"neck"},{"surface":"μέσσον","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"in the middle"},{"surface":"ἔλασσε","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"}]},{"number":456,"label":"456","id":"b10-l456","source":"φασγάνῳ ἀΐξας, ἀπὸ δʼ ἄμφω κέρσε τένοντε·","translation":"with his sword, and cut through both sinews;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l456.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φασγάνῳ","lemma":"φάσγανον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀΐξας","gloss":"with his sword"},{"surface":"ἀΐξας","lemma":"ἀίσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔλασσε","gloss":"springing forward"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄμφω","lemma":"ἄμφω","morphology":"accusative dual masculine adjective","role":"modifies τένοντε","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"κέρσε","lemma":"κείρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he severed"},{"surface":"τένοντε","lemma":"τένων","morphology":"accusative dual masculine noun","role":"object of κέρσε","gloss":"sinews"}]},{"number":457,"label":"457","id":"b10-l457","source":"φθεγγομένου δʼ ἄρα τοῦ γε κάρη κονίῃσιν ἐμίχθη.","translation":"while Dolon was still speaking, his head mingled with the dust.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l457.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φθεγγομένου","lemma":"φθέγγομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"while he spoke"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies κάρη","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"κάρη","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐμίχθη","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"κονίῃσιν","lemma":"κονία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐμίχθη","gloss":"with the dust"},{"surface":"ἐμίχθη","lemma":"μίγνυμι","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was mingled"}]},{"number":458,"label":"458","id":"b10-l458","source":"τοῦ δʼ ἀπὸ μὲν κτιδέην κυνέην κεφαλῆφιν ἕλοντο","translation":"From his head they took the ferret-skin cap,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l458.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"from him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"off"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"κτιδέην","lemma":"κτίδεος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κυνέην","gloss":"ferret-skin"},{"surface":"κυνέην","lemma":"κυνέη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"cap"},{"surface":"κεφαλῆφιν","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"genitive feminine noun","role":"object of ἕλοντο","gloss":"from his head","note":"An epic case form marks the point from which the cap was removed."},{"surface":"ἕλοντο","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they took"}]},{"number":459,"label":"459","id":"b10-l459","source":"καὶ λυκέην καὶ τόξα παλίντονα καὶ δόρυ μακρόν·","translation":"and the wolf skin and recurved bow and long spear;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l459.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λυκέην","lemma":"λυκέη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"wolf skin"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τόξα","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"bow"},{"surface":"παλίντονα","lemma":"παλίντονος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τόξα","gloss":"recurved"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δόρυ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"μακρόν","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δόρυ","gloss":"long"}]},{"number":460,"label":"460","id":"b10-l460","source":"καὶ τά γʼ Ἀθηναίῃ ληΐτιδι δῖος Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"and godlike Odysseus dedicated them to Athena of the Spoils,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l460.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ἀθηναίῃ ληΐτιδι","title":"Athena of the Spoils","body":"ληΐτις links Athena directly with ληΐς, spoil or booty taken in war. It is a distinct epithet from ἀγελείη, Athena, driver of spoil, and so receives its own fixed English wording."}],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἀνέσχεθε","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίῃ","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀνέσχεθε","gloss":"to Athena"},{"surface":"ληΐτιδι","lemma":"ληῖτις","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθηναίῃ","gloss":"mistress of spoils"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεὺς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":461,"label":"461","id":"b10-l461","source":"ὑψόσʼ ἀνέσχεθε χειρὶ καὶ εὐχόμενος ἔπος ηὔδα·","translation":"raised them high in his hand, and spoke a word in prayer:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l461.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὑψόσ","lemma":"ὑψόσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἀνέσχεθε","gloss":"aloft"},{"surface":"ἀνέσχεθε","lemma":"ἀνέχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"raised"},{"surface":"χειρὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀνέσχεθε","gloss":"in his hand"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὐχόμενος","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"praying"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"a word"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"}]},{"number":462,"label":"462","id":"b10-l462","source":"χαῖρε θεὰ τοῖσδεσσι· σὲ γὰρ πρώτην ἐν Ὀλύμπῳ","translation":"\"Rejoice, goddess, in these; for to you first on Olympus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l462.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χαῖρε","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rejoice"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"τοῖσδεσσι","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of χαῖρε","gloss":"in these"},{"surface":"σὲ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐπιδωσόμεθ̓","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πρώτην","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"Ὀλύμπῳ","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐν","gloss":"Olympus"}]},{"number":463,"label":"463","id":"b10-l463","source":"πάντων ἀθανάτων ἐπιδωσόμεθʼ· ἀλλὰ καὶ αὖτις","translation":"of all immortals will we turn; but now once more","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l463.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀθανάτων","gloss":"of all"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτων","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πρώτην","gloss":"immortals"},{"surface":"ἐπιδωσόμεθ","lemma":"ἐπιδίδωμι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we shall turn"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πέμψον","gloss":"again"}]},{"number":464,"label":"464","id":"b10-l464","source":"πέμψον ἐπὶ Θρῃκῶν ἀνδρῶν ἵππους τε καὶ εὐνάς.","translation":"send us toward the horses and sleeping places of the Thracian men.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l464.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πέμψον","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"send"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"Θρῃκῶν","lemma":"Θρᾷξ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"Thracian"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"men's"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὐνάς","lemma":"εὐνή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"sleeping places"}]},{"number":465,"label":"465","id":"b10-l465","source":"ὣς ἄρʼ ἐφώνησεν, καὶ ἀπὸ ἕθεν ὑψόσʼ ἀείρας","translation":"So he spoke, and lifting them high away from himself,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l465.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐφώνησεν","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐφώνησεν","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"away from"},{"surface":"ἕθεν","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ὑψόσ","lemma":"ὑψόσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀείρας","gloss":"aloft"},{"surface":"ἀείρας","lemma":"ἀείρω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to θῆκεν","gloss":"lifting them"}]},{"number":466,"label":"466","id":"b10-l466","source":"θῆκεν ἀνὰ μυρίκην· δέελον δʼ ἐπὶ σῆμά τʼ ἔθηκε","translation":"set them upon a tamarisk; and beside it he made a visible marker,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l466.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δέελον δʼ ἐπὶ σῆμά","title":"A visible marker","body":"σῆμα is a sign or marker, here made δέελον, clearly visible. The reeds and tamarisk branches mark the hidden spoils so the pair can recover them on their return through the dark."}],"words":[{"surface":"θῆκεν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he placed them"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"μυρίκην","lemma":"μυρίκη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀνὰ","gloss":"a tamarisk"},{"surface":"δέελον","lemma":"δῆλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σῆμά","gloss":"visible"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beside it"},{"surface":"σῆμά","lemma":"σῆμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔθηκε","gloss":"a marker"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἔθηκε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he made"}]},{"number":467,"label":"467","id":"b10-l467","source":"συμμάρψας δόνακας μυρίκης τʼ ἐριθηλέας ὄζους,","translation":"grasping reeds together and the tamarisk's flourishing boughs,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l467.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"συμμάρψας","lemma":"συμμάρπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔθηκε","gloss":"grasping together"},{"surface":"δόνακας","lemma":"δόναξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"reeds"},{"surface":"μυρίκης","lemma":"μυρίκη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ὄζους","gloss":"of the tamarisk"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐριθηλέας","lemma":"ἐριθηλής","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄζους","gloss":"luxuriant"},{"surface":"ὄζους","lemma":"ὄζος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"branches"}]},{"number":468,"label":"468","id":"b10-l468","source":"μὴ λάθοι αὖτις ἰόντε θοὴν διὰ νύκτα μέλαιναν.","translation":"lest the two miss it as they returned again through the swift black night.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l468.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"λάθοι","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μὴ","gloss":"it escape notice"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰόντε","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἰόντε","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to λάθοι","gloss":"as they returned"},{"surface":"θοὴν","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νύκτα","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"νύκτα","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of διὰ","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"μέλαιναν","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νύκτα","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":469,"label":"469","id":"b10-l469","source":"τὼ δὲ βάτην προτέρω διά τʼ ἔντεα καὶ μέλαν αἷμα,","translation":"The two went onward through the weapons and black blood,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l469.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βάτην","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"προτέρω","lemma":"προτέρω","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of βάτην","gloss":"farther forward"},{"surface":"διά","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"ἔντεα","lemma":"ἔντεα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"weapons"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέλαν","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies αἷμα","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"αἷμα","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"blood"}]},{"number":470,"label":"470","id":"b10-l470","source":"αἶψα δʼ ἐπὶ Θρῃκῶν ἀνδρῶν τέλος ἷξον ἰόντες.","translation":"and soon, as they went, they reached the company of Thracian men.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l470.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἷξον","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"Θρῃκῶν","lemma":"Θρᾷξ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"Thracian"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τέλος","gloss":"men's"},{"surface":"τέλος","lemma":"τέλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"company"},{"surface":"ἷξον","lemma":"ἵκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they came"},{"surface":"ἰόντες","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἷξον","gloss":"as they went"}]},{"number":471,"label":"471","id":"b10-l471","source":"οἳ δʼ εὗδον καμάτῳ ἀδηκότες, ἔντεα δέ σφιν","translation":"They slept, worn down by toil, and beside them their fine armor","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l471.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εὗδον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὗδον","lemma":"εὕδω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were sleeping"},{"surface":"καμάτῳ","lemma":"κάματος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀδηκότες","gloss":"by toil"},{"surface":"ἀδηκότες","lemma":"ἀδέω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to εὗδον","gloss":"worn down"},{"surface":"ἔντεα","lemma":"ἔντεα","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of κέκλιτο","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἔντεα","gloss":"for them"}]},{"number":472,"label":"472","id":"b10-l472","source":"καλὰ παρʼ αὐτοῖσι χθονὶ κέκλιτο εὖ κατὰ κόσμον","translation":"lay on the ground close at hand, all set in good order","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l472.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καλὰ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔντεα","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"αὐτοῖσι","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to παῤ","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"χθονὶ","lemma":"χθών","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κέκλιτο","gloss":"on the ground"},{"surface":"κέκλιτο","lemma":"κλίνω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κέκλιτο","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κόσμον","lemma":"κόσμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"order"}]},{"number":473,"label":"473","id":"b10-l473","source":"τριστοιχί· παρὰ δέ σφιν ἑκάστῳ δίζυγες ἵπποι.","translation":"in three rows; and beside each man stood his pair of harnessed horses.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l473.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"τριστοιχί","title":"Three ordered rows","body":"τριστοιχί means in three rows. The sleeping men, their armor, and the paired horses form an ordered camp whose arrangement makes the raiders' work swift and visible."}],"words":[{"surface":"τριστοιχί","lemma":"τριστοιχί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κέκλιτο","gloss":"in three rows"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ἑκάστῳ","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies σφιν","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"δίζυγες","lemma":"δίζυξ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"two-horse teams"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":474,"label":"474","id":"b10-l474","source":"Ῥῆσος δʼ ἐν μέσῳ εὗδε, παρʼ αὐτῷ δʼ ὠκέες ἵπποι","translation":"Rhesus slept in the midst, and beside him his swift horses","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l474.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ῥῆσος","lemma":"Ῥῆσος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εὗδε","gloss":"Rhesus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μέσῳ","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the middle"},{"surface":"εὗδε","lemma":"εὕδω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slept"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to παῤ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὠκέες","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δέδεντο","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":475,"label":"475","id":"b10-l475","source":"ἐξ ἐπιδιφριάδος πυμάτης ἱμᾶσι δέδεντο.","translation":"were tethered by straps to the rearmost rail of the chariot.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l475.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἐπιδιφριάδος","lemma":"ἐπιδιφριάς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"the chariot rail"},{"surface":"πυμάτης","lemma":"πύματος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἐπιδιφριάδος","gloss":"rearmost"},{"surface":"ἱμᾶσι","lemma":"ἱμάς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δέδεντο","gloss":"with straps"},{"surface":"δέδεντο","lemma":"δέω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were tethered"}]},{"number":476,"label":"476","id":"b10-l476","source":"τὸν δʼ Ὀδυσεὺς προπάροιθεν ἰδὼν Διομήδεϊ δεῖξεν·","translation":"Odysseus saw him first and pointed him out to Diomedes:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l476.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δεῖξεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δεῖξεν","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"προπάροιθεν","lemma":"προπάροιθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰδὼν","gloss":"ahead"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δεῖξεν","gloss":"having seen"},{"surface":"Διομήδεϊ","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δεῖξεν","gloss":"to Diomedes"},{"surface":"δεῖξεν","lemma":"δείκνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pointed out"}]},{"number":477,"label":"477","id":"b10-l477","source":"οὗτός τοι Διόμηδες ἀνήρ, οὗτοι δέ τοι ἵπποι,","translation":"\"There is the man, Diomedes, and there are the horses","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l477.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὗτός","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"here is"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"Διόμηδες","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Diomedes"},{"surface":"ἀνήρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"the man"},{"surface":"οὗτοι","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"here are"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"the horses"}]},{"number":478,"label":"478","id":"b10-l478","source":"οὓς νῶϊν πίφαυσκε Δόλων ὃν ἐπέφνομεν ἡμεῖς.","translation":"that Dolon, whom we killed, revealed to us.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l478.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὓς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of πίφαυσκε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"νῶϊν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative dual masculine pronoun","role":"object of πίφαυσκε","gloss":"to us two"},{"surface":"πίφαυσκε","lemma":"πιφαύσκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἵπποι","gloss":"was revealing"},{"surface":"Δόλων","lemma":"Δόλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πίφαυσκε","gloss":"Dolon"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπέφνομεν","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ἐπέφνομεν","lemma":"θείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Δόλων","gloss":"we killed"},{"surface":"ἡμεῖς","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπέφνομεν","gloss":"we"}]},{"number":479,"label":"479","id":"b10-l479","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε δὴ πρόφερε κρατερὸν μένος· οὐδέ τί σε χρὴ","translation":"Come now, bring forth your mighty strength; you must not","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l479.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"πρόφερε","lemma":"προφέρω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bring forth"},{"surface":"κρατερὸν","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of πρόφερε","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to χρὴ","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἑστάμεναι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"χρὴ","lemma":"χρή","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"must"}]},{"number":480,"label":"480","id":"b10-l480","source":"ἑστάμεναι μέλεον σὺν τεύχεσιν, ἀλλὰ λύʼ ἵππους·","translation":"stand here uselessly with your weapons. Come, loose the horses,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l480.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑστάμεναι","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"perfect active infinitive","role":"object of χρὴ","gloss":"to stand"},{"surface":"μέλεον","lemma":"μέλεος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"uselessly"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"τεύχεσιν","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"weapons"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"λύ","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"loose"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of λύ̓","gloss":"the horses"}]},{"number":481,"label":"481","id":"b10-l481","source":"ἠὲ σύ γʼ ἄνδρας ἔναιρε, μελήσουσιν δʼ ἐμοὶ ἵπποι.","translation":"or else kill the men, and the horses will be my care.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l481.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἠέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἔναιρε","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"ἄνδρας","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔναιρε","gloss":"the men"},{"surface":"ἔναιρε","lemma":"ἐναίρω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kill"},{"surface":"μελήσουσιν","lemma":"μέλω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be a care"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of μελήσουσιν","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of μελήσουσιν","gloss":"the horses"}]},{"number":482,"label":"482","id":"b10-l482","source":"ὣς φάτο, τῷ δʼ ἔμπνευσε μένος γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη,","translation":"So he spoke, and bright-eyed Athena breathed strength into Diomedes,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l482.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἔμπνευσε μένος","title":"Strength breathed into him","body":"The verb ἔμπνευσε makes Athena's aid bodily: she breathes μένος, force or fighting strength, into Diomedes. The goddess empowers the raid, but Diomedes remains the agent of the killing that follows."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔμπνευσε","gloss":"into him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔμπνευσε","lemma":"ἐμπνέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"breathed"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔμπνευσε","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"bright-eyed"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔμπνευσε","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":483,"label":"483","id":"b10-l483","source":"κτεῖνε δʼ ἐπιστροφάδην· τῶν δὲ στόνος ὄρνυτʼ ἀεικὴς","translation":"and he killed from side to side; a hideous groaning rose from them","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l483.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κτεῖνε","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he killed"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπιστροφάδην","lemma":"ἐπιστροφάδην","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κτεῖνε","gloss":"turning every way"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies στόνος","gloss":"from them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στόνος","lemma":"στόνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὄρνυτ̓","gloss":"groaning"},{"surface":"ὄρνυτ","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"arose"},{"surface":"ἀεικὴς","lemma":"ἀεικής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies στόνος","gloss":"hideous"}]},{"number":484,"label":"484","id":"b10-l484","source":"ἄορι θεινομένων, ἐρυθαίνετο δʼ αἵματι γαῖα.","translation":"as they were struck with the sword, and the earth reddened with blood.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l484.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄορι","lemma":"ἄορ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of θεινομένων","gloss":"by the sword"},{"surface":"θεινομένων","lemma":"θείνω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as they were struck"},{"surface":"ἐρυθαίνετο","lemma":"ἐρυθαίνομαι","morphology":"imperfect passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was reddened"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἵματι","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐρυθαίνετο","gloss":"with blood"},{"surface":"γαῖα","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐρυθαίνετο","gloss":"the earth"}]},{"number":485,"label":"485","id":"b10-l485","source":"ὡς δὲ λέων μήλοισιν ἀσημάντοισιν ἐπελθὼν","translation":"As when a lion comes upon an unguarded flock","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l485.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐνορούσῃ","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"λέων","lemma":"λέων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐνορούσῃ","gloss":"a lion"},{"surface":"μήλοισιν","lemma":"μῆλον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"upon a flock"},{"surface":"ἀσημάντοισιν","lemma":"ἀσήμαντος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μήλοισιν","gloss":"unguarded"},{"surface":"ἐπελθὼν","lemma":"ἐπέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐνορούσῃ","gloss":"coming upon"}]},{"number":486,"label":"486","id":"b10-l486","source":"αἴγεσιν ἢ ὀΐεσσι κακὰ φρονέων ἐνορούσῃ,","translation":"of goats or sheep and leaps among them, bent on harm,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l486.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἴγεσιν","lemma":"αἴξ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἢ","gloss":"of goats"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ὀΐεσσι","lemma":"ὄις","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἢ","gloss":"of sheep"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of φρονέων","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"φρονέων","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐνορούσῃ","gloss":"intending"},{"surface":"ἐνορούσῃ","lemma":"ἐνορούω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπῴχετο","gloss":"leaps among them"}]},{"number":487,"label":"487","id":"b10-l487","source":"ὣς μὲν Θρήϊκας ἄνδρας ἐπῴχετο Τυδέος υἱὸς","translation":"so the son of Tydeus ranged among the Thracian men","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l487.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπῴχετο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Θρήϊκας","lemma":"Θρᾷξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄνδρας","gloss":"Thracian"},{"surface":"ἄνδρας","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπῴχετο","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἐπῴχετο","lemma":"ἐποίχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he ranged among"},{"surface":"Τυδέος","lemma":"Τυδεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Tydeus"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπῴχετο","gloss":"the son"}]},{"number":488,"label":"488","id":"b10-l488","source":"ὄφρα δυώδεκʼ ἔπεφνεν· ἀτὰρ πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"until he had killed twelve; but Odysseus of many wiles,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l488.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"δυώδεκ","lemma":"δυώδεκα","morphology":"numeral","role":"object of ἔπεφνεν","gloss":"twelve"},{"surface":"ἔπεφνεν","lemma":"θείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"he had slain"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"πολύμητις","lemma":"πολύμητις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεὺς","gloss":"resourceful"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":489,"label":"489","id":"b10-l489","source":"ὅν τινα Τυδεΐδης ἄορι πλήξειε παραστὰς","translation":"whenever the son of Tydeus stood near and struck a man with his sword,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l489.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πλήξειε","gloss":"whomever"},{"surface":"τινα","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὅν","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"Τυδεΐδης","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πλήξειε","gloss":"the son of Tydeus"},{"surface":"ἄορι","lemma":"ἄορ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to πλήξειε","gloss":"with his sword"},{"surface":"πλήξειε","lemma":"πλήσσω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τὸν","gloss":"would strike"},{"surface":"παραστὰς","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πλήξειε","gloss":"standing beside him"}]},{"number":490,"label":"490","id":"b10-l490","source":"τὸν δʼ Ὀδυσεὺς μετόπισθε λαβὼν ποδὸς ἐξερύσασκε,","translation":"would seize him from behind by the foot and drag him clear,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l490.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ποδὸς ἐξερύσασκε","title":"Odysseus clears the bodies","body":"The iterative verb ἐξερύσασκε describes what Odysseus repeatedly did after each blow: he took the corpse by a foot and dragged it out. The division of work is exact—Diomedes kills, while Odysseus clears a path for the horses."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐξερύσασκε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"μετόπισθε","lemma":"μετόπισθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λαβὼν","gloss":"from behind"},{"surface":"λαβὼν","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐξερύσασκε","gloss":"grasping"},{"surface":"ποδὸς","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of λαβὼν","gloss":"by the foot"},{"surface":"ἐξερύσασκε","lemma":"ἐξερύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would drag clear"}]},{"number":491,"label":"491","id":"b10-l491","source":"τὰ φρονέων κατὰ θυμὸν ὅπως καλλίτριχες ἵπποι","translation":"planning in his heart how the lovely-maned horses","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l491.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"φρονέων","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐξερύσασκε","gloss":"considering"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"his heart"},{"surface":"ὅπως","lemma":"ὅπως","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"καλλίτριχες","lemma":"καλλίθριξ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"lovely-maned"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of διέλθοιεν","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":492,"label":"492","id":"b10-l492","source":"ῥεῖα διέλθοιεν μηδὲ τρομεοίατο θυμῷ","translation":"might pass through easily and not tremble in their hearts","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l492.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥεῖα","lemma":"ῥεῖα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διέλθοιεν","gloss":"easily"},{"surface":"διέλθοιεν","lemma":"διέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"might pass through"},{"surface":"τρομεοίατο","lemma":"τρομέω","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"might tremble"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to τρομεοίατο","gloss":"in spirit"}]},{"number":493,"label":"493","id":"b10-l493","source":"νεκροῖς ἀμβαίνοντες· ἀήθεσσον γὰρ ἔτʼ αὐτῶν.","translation":"as they stepped over corpses, for they were not yet used to them.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l493.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νεκροῖς","lemma":"νεκρός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμβαίνοντες","gloss":"over corpses"},{"surface":"ἀμβαίνοντες","lemma":"ἀναβαίνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to τρομεοίατο","gloss":"stepping"},{"surface":"ἀήθεσσον","lemma":"ἀηθέσσω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they were unaccustomed"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀήθεσσον","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"αὐτῶν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀήθεσσον","gloss":"to them"}]},{"number":494,"label":"494","id":"b10-l494","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ βασιλῆα κιχήσατο Τυδέος υἱός,","translation":"But when the son of Tydeus reached the king,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l494.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"βασιλῆα","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κιχήσατο","gloss":"the king"},{"surface":"κιχήσατο","lemma":"κιχάνω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"Τυδέος","lemma":"Τυδεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"of Tydeus"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κιχήσατο","gloss":"the son"}]},{"number":495,"label":"495","id":"b10-l495","source":"τὸν τρισκαιδέκατον μελιηδέα θυμὸν ἀπηύρα","translation":"he took the honey-sweet life from him, the thirteenth,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l495.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"τὸν τρισκαιδέκατον","title":"Rhesus the thirteenth","body":"The ordinal τρισκαιδέκατον explicitly makes Rhesus Diomedes' thirteenth victim in the Thracian camp. It completes the count begun with the twelve men at line 488."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπηύρα","gloss":"from him"},{"surface":"τρισκαιδέκατον","lemma":"τρισκαιδέκατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"the thirteenth"},{"surface":"μελιηδέα","lemma":"μελιηδής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμὸν","gloss":"honey-sweet"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπηύρα","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"ἀπηύρα","lemma":"ἀπαυράω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he took away"}]},{"number":496,"label":"496","id":"b10-l496","source":"ἀσθμαίνοντα· κακὸν γὰρ ὄναρ κεφαλῆφιν ἐπέστη","translation":"as he breathed hard; for an evil dream stood above his head","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l496.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀσθμαίνοντα","lemma":"ἀσθμαίνω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as he panted"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὄναρ","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ὄναρ","lemma":"ὄναρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"a dream"},{"surface":"κεφαλῆφιν","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"genitive feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπέστη","gloss":"over his head","note":"An epic case form expresses position above his head."},{"surface":"ἐπέστη","lemma":"ἐφίστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had taken position"}]},{"number":497,"label":"497","id":"b10-l497","source":"τὴν νύκτʼ Οἰνεΐδαο πάϊς διὰ μῆτιν Ἀθήνης.","translation":"that night—the grandson of Oeneus—through Athena's counsel.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l497.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine article","role":"modifies νύκτ̓","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"νύκτ","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπέστη","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"Οἰνεΐδαο","lemma":"Οἰνείδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"of Oeneus"},{"surface":"πάϊς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"grandson"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"μῆτιν","lemma":"μῆτις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to διὰ","gloss":"the counsel"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνης","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies μῆτιν","gloss":"of Athena"}]},{"number":498,"label":"498","id":"b10-l498","source":"τόφρα δʼ ἄρʼ ὃ τλήμων Ὀδυσεὺς λύε μώνυχας ἵππους,","translation":"Meanwhile enduring Odysseus was loosing the single-hoofed horses,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l498.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὃ τλήμων Ὀδυσεὺς","title":"Odysseus enduring here","body":"τλήμων is a local adjective meaning enduring or steadfast in hardship. It is not the full standing formula πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς, much-enduring godlike Odysseus, and does not replace that distinct epithet."}],"words":[{"surface":"τόφρα","lemma":"τόφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λύε","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies Ὀδυσεὺς","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"τλήμων","lemma":"τλήμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσεὺς","gloss":"steadfast"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"λύε","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was loosing"},{"surface":"μώνυχας","lemma":"μω~νυξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"single-hoofed"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of λύε","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":499,"label":"499","id":"b10-l499","source":"σὺν δʼ ἤειρεν ἱμᾶσι καὶ ἐξήλαυνεν ὁμίλου","translation":"bound them together with their straps, and drove them from the throng,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l499.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤειρεν","lemma":"ἀείρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he bound them"},{"surface":"ἱμᾶσι","lemma":"ἱμάς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἤειρεν","gloss":"with their straps"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξήλαυνεν","lemma":"ἐξελαύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove them out"},{"surface":"ὁμίλου","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξήλαυνεν","gloss":"from the throng"}]},{"number":500,"label":"500","id":"b10-l500","source":"τόξῳ ἐπιπλήσσων, ἐπεὶ οὐ μάστιγα φαεινὴν","translation":"striking them with his bow, since he had not thought to take","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l500.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόξῳ","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπιπλήσσων","gloss":"with his bow"},{"surface":"ἐπιπλήσσων","lemma":"ἐπιπλήσσω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐξήλαυνεν","gloss":"striking them"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μάστιγα","lemma":"μάστιξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἑλέσθαι","gloss":"the whip"},{"surface":"φαεινὴν","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μάστιγα","gloss":"shining"}]},{"number":501,"label":"501","id":"b10-l501","source":"ποικίλου ἐκ δίφροιο νοήσατο χερσὶν ἑλέσθαι·","translation":"the shining whip in his hands from the richly worked chariot.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l501.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ποικίλου","lemma":"ποικίλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δίφροιο","gloss":"richly worked"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"δίφροιο","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"the chariot"},{"surface":"νοήσατο","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"he had thought"},{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἑλέσθαι","gloss":"in his hands"},{"surface":"ἑλέσθαι","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of νοήσατο","gloss":"to take"}]},{"number":502,"label":"502","id":"b10-l502","source":"ῥοίζησεν δʼ ἄρα πιφαύσκων Διομήδεϊ δίῳ.","translation":"Then he whistled, making the signal known to godlike Diomedes.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l502.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ῥοίζησεν","title":"A whistle for the signal","body":"ῥοίζησεν denotes a sharp whistling sound. Odysseus uses it as a signal after freeing the horses, calling Diomedes away without a shouted alarm."}],"words":[{"surface":"ῥοίζησεν","lemma":"ῥοιζέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he whistled"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πιφαύσκων","lemma":"πιφαύσκω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ῥοίζησεν","gloss":"signaling"},{"surface":"Διομήδεϊ","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πιφαύσκων","gloss":"to Diomedes"},{"surface":"δίῳ","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διομήδεϊ","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":503,"label":"503","id":"b10-l503","source":"αὐτὰρ ὃ μερμήριζε μένων ὅ τι κύντατον ἕρδοι,","translation":"But Diomedes stayed and pondered what boldest deed he should do:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l503.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μερμήριζε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μερμήριζε","lemma":"μερμηρίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pondered"},{"surface":"μένων","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μερμήριζε","gloss":"staying there"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἕρδοι","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ὅ","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"κύντατον","lemma":"κύντερος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"boldest"},{"surface":"ἕρδοι","lemma":"ἔρδω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ,","gloss":"he should do"}]},{"number":504,"label":"504","id":"b10-l504","source":"ἢ ὅ γε δίφρον ἑλών, ὅθι ποικίλα τεύχεʼ ἔκειτο,","translation":"whether to take the chariot where the richly wrought armor lay","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l504.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δίφρον","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἑλών","gloss":"the chariot"},{"surface":"ἑλών","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"taking"},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔκειτο","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"ποικίλα","lemma":"ποικίλος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεύχἐ","gloss":"richly worked"},{"surface":"τεύχε","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔκειτο","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἔκειτο","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δίφρον","gloss":"lay"}]},{"number":505,"label":"505","id":"b10-l505","source":"ῥυμοῦ ἐξερύοι ἢ ἐκφέροι ὑψόσʼ ἀείρας,","translation":"and drag it out by the pole, or lift the armor high and carry it,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l505.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥυμοῦ","lemma":"ῥυμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξερύοι","gloss":"by the pole"},{"surface":"ἐξερύοι","lemma":"ἐξερύω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἢ","gloss":"he should drag out"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἐκφέροι","lemma":"ἐκφέρω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἢ","gloss":"carry out"},{"surface":"ὑψόσ","lemma":"ὑψόσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀείρας","gloss":"aloft"},{"surface":"ἀείρας","lemma":"ἀείρω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐκφέροι","gloss":"lifting the armor"}]},{"number":506,"label":"506","id":"b10-l506","source":"ἦ ἔτι τῶν πλεόνων Θρῃκῶν ἀπὸ θυμὸν ἕλοιτο.","translation":"or else take the lives of still more Thracians.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l506.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕλοιτο","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine article","role":"modifies Θρῃκῶν","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"πλεόνων","lemma":"πλείων","morphology":"genitive plural comparative adjective","role":"modifies Θρῃκῶν","gloss":"more numerous"},{"surface":"Θρῃκῶν","lemma":"Θρᾷξ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies θυμὸν","gloss":"Thracians"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕλοιτο","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"ἕλοιτο","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἦ","gloss":"he should take"}]},{"number":507,"label":"507","id":"b10-l507","source":"εἷος ὃ ταῦθʼ ὥρμαινε κατὰ φρένα, τόφρα δʼ Ἀθήνη","translation":"While he weighed these things within his mind, Athena","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l507.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἷος","lemma":"εἷος","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὥρμαινε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ταῦθ","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ὥρμαινε","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"ὥρμαινε","lemma":"ὁρμαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἷος","gloss":"was pondering"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρένα","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"his mind"},{"surface":"τόφρα","lemma":"τόφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":508,"label":"508","id":"b10-l508","source":"ἐγγύθεν ἱσταμένη προσέφη Διομήδεα δῖον·","translation":"stood close beside him and addressed godlike Diomedes:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l508.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐγγύθεν","lemma":"ἐγγύθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἱσταμένη","gloss":"close beside him"},{"surface":"ἱσταμένη","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"Διομήδεα","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"Diomedes"},{"surface":"δῖον","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διομήδεα","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":509,"label":"509","id":"b10-l509","source":"νόστου δὴ μνῆσαι μεγαθύμου Τυδέος υἱὲ","translation":"\"Now remember your homeward return, high-hearted son of Tydeus,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l509.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νόστου δὴ μνῆσαι","title":"Remember the return","body":"νόστος is the homeward return from war or wandering. Athena's command turns Diomedes from further killing and spoil toward the ships, setting the raid's hard limit."}],"words":[{"surface":"νόστου","lemma":"νόστος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of μνῆσαι","gloss":"homecoming"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μνῆσαι","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"remember"},{"surface":"μεγαθύμου","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τυδέος","gloss":"high-hearted"},{"surface":"Τυδέος","lemma":"Τυδεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὲ","gloss":"of Tydeus"},{"surface":"υἱὲ","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":510,"label":"510","id":"b10-l510","source":"νῆας ἔπι γλαφυράς, μὴ καὶ πεφοβημένος ἔλθῃς,","translation":"back to the hollow ships, lest you come there driven in flight,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l510.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἔπι","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"back to"},{"surface":"γλαφυράς","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"πεφοβημένος","lemma":"φοβέω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔλθῃς","gloss":"driven in flight"},{"surface":"ἔλθῃς","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μὴ","gloss":"you come"}]},{"number":511,"label":"511","id":"b10-l511","source":"μή πού τις καὶ Τρῶας ἐγείρῃσιν θεὸς ἄλλος.","translation":"if some other god should rouse the Trojans.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l511.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"πού","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies θεὸς","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"Τρῶας","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐγείρῃσιν","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἐγείρῃσιν","lemma":"ἐγείρω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μή","gloss":"should rouse"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐγείρῃσιν","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεὸς","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":512,"label":"512","id":"b10-l512","source":"ὣς φάθʼ, ὃ δὲ ξυνέηκε θεᾶς ὄπα φωνησάσης,","translation":"So she spoke, and he understood the voice of the goddess speaking,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l512.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὣς φάθʼ, ὃ δὲ ξυνέηκε θεᾶς ὄπα φωνησάσης","title":"An inherited whole line","body":"The Greek line is identical to Iliad 2.182. Its English therefore copies that accepted rendering exactly rather than recasting Athena's command and Diomedes' recognition."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάθ̓","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"φάθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she spoke"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ξυνέηκε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ξυνέηκε","lemma":"συνίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"recognized"},{"surface":"θεᾶς","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ὄπα","gloss":"of the goddess"},{"surface":"ὄπα","lemma":"ὄψ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ξυνέηκε","gloss":"the voice"},{"surface":"φωνησάσης","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, genitive singular feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as she spoke"}]},{"number":513,"label":"513","id":"b10-l513","source":"καρπαλίμως δʼ ἵππων ἐπεβήσετο· κόψε δʼ Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"and swiftly mounted the horses; Odysseus struck them","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l513.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καρπαλίμως","lemma":"καρπάλιμος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεβήσετο","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπεβήσετο","gloss":"the horses"},{"surface":"ἐπεβήσετο","lemma":"ἐπιβαίνω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he mounted"},{"surface":"κόψε","lemma":"κόπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κόψε","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":514,"label":"514","id":"b10-l514","source":"τόξῳ· τοὶ δʼ ἐπέτοντο θοὰς ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν.","translation":"with his bow, and they flew toward the swift ships of the Achaeans.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l514.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόξῳ","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κόψε","gloss":"with his bow"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπέτοντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπέτοντο","lemma":"πέτομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flew"},{"surface":"θοὰς","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":515,"label":"515","id":"b10-l515","source":"οὐδʼ ἀλαοσκοπιὴν εἶχʼ ἀργυρότοξος Ἀπόλλων","translation":"Nor did Apollo of the silver bow keep blind watch","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l515.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀργυρότοξος Ἀπόλλων","title":"Apollo of the silver bow","body":"ἀργυρότοξος is Apollo's silver-bow epithet. Here it marks the opposing divine watcher: Apollo sees Athena aiding Diomedes and moves to wake the Trojan camp."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλαοσκοπιὴν","lemma":"ἀλαοσκοπιά","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἶχ̓","gloss":"blind watch"},{"surface":"εἶχ","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kept"},{"surface":"ἀργυρότοξος","lemma":"ἀργυρότοξος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"silver-bowed"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἶχ̓","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":516,"label":"516","id":"b10-l516","source":"ὡς ἴδʼ Ἀθηναίην μετὰ Τυδέος υἱὸν ἕπουσαν·","translation":"when he saw Athena following after the son of Tydeus;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l516.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἴδ","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"he saw"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίην","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἴδ̓","gloss":"Athena"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"Τυδέος","lemma":"Τυδεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"of Tydeus"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"the son"},{"surface":"ἕπουσαν","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"following"}]},{"number":517,"label":"517","id":"b10-l517","source":"τῇ κοτέων Τρώων κατεδύσετο πουλὺν ὅμιλον,","translation":"angered at her, he entered the great throng of Trojans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l517.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of κοτέων","gloss":"at her"},{"surface":"κοτέων","lemma":"κοτέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κατεδύσετο","gloss":"angered"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies ὅμιλον","gloss":"of Trojans"},{"surface":"κατεδύσετο","lemma":"καταδύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he entered"},{"surface":"πουλὺν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὅμιλον","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ὅμιλον","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κατεδύσετο","gloss":"the throng"}]},{"number":518,"label":"518","id":"b10-l518","source":"ὦρσεν δὲ Θρῃκῶν βουληφόρον Ἱπποκόωντα","translation":"and roused Hippocoon, counselor of the Thracians,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l518.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦρσεν","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he roused"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Θρῃκῶν","lemma":"Θρᾷξ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies βουληφόρον","gloss":"of the Thracians"},{"surface":"βουληφόρον","lemma":"βουληφόρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object","gloss":"counselor"},{"surface":"Ἱπποκόωντα","lemma":"Ἱπποκόων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Hippocoon"}]},{"number":519,"label":"519","id":"b10-l519","source":"Ῥήσου ἀνεψιὸν ἐσθλόν· ὃ δʼ ἐξ ὕπνου ἀνορούσας","translation":"the noble cousin of Rhesus; springing up from sleep,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l519.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ῥήσου","lemma":"Ῥῆσος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνεψιὸν","gloss":"of Rhesus"},{"surface":"ἀνεψιὸν","lemma":"ἀνεψιός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"the cousin"},{"surface":"ἐσθλόν","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνεψιὸν","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τ̓","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὕπνου","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"ἀνορούσας","lemma":"ἀνορούω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τ̓","gloss":"springing up"}]},{"number":520,"label":"520","id":"b10-l520","source":"ὡς ἴδε χῶρον ἐρῆμον, ὅθʼ ἕστασαν ὠκέες ἵπποι,","translation":"he saw the place empty where the swift horses had stood,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l520.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἴδε","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"he saw"},{"surface":"χῶρον","lemma":"χῶρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"the place"},{"surface":"ἐρῆμον","lemma":"ἐρῆμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χῶρον","gloss":"empty"},{"surface":"ὅθ","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕστασαν","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"ἕστασαν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing χῶρον","gloss":"had stood"},{"surface":"ὠκέες","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕστασαν","gloss":"the horses"}]},{"number":521,"label":"521","id":"b10-l521","source":"ἄνδράς τʼ ἀσπαίροντας ἐν ἀργαλέῃσι φονῇσιν,","translation":"and the men writhing amid the grievous slaughter;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l521.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄνδράς","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"the men"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀσπαίροντας","lemma":"ἀσπαίρω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"writhing"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"amid"},{"surface":"ἀργαλέῃσι","lemma":"ἀργαλέος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φονῇσιν","gloss":"grievous"},{"surface":"φονῇσιν","lemma":"φονή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"slaughter"}]},{"number":522,"label":"522","id":"b10-l522","source":"ᾤμωξέν τʼ ἄρʼ ἔπειτα φίλον τʼ ὀνόμηνεν ἑταῖρον.","translation":"then he groaned aloud and called his dear companion by name.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l522.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ᾤμωξέν","lemma":"οἰμώζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he groaned aloud"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ᾤμωξέν","gloss":"afterward"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖρον","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀνόμηνεν","lemma":"ὀνομαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called by name"},{"surface":"ἑταῖρον","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀνόμηνεν","gloss":"his companion"}]},{"number":523,"label":"523","id":"b10-l523","source":"Τρώων δὲ κλαγγή τε καὶ ἄσπετος ὦρτο κυδοιμὸς","translation":"A clamor rose among the Trojans and an unspeakable tumult","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l523.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"among the Trojans"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κλαγγή","lemma":"κλαγγή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"a clamor"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄσπετος","lemma":"ἄσπετος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κυδοιμὸς","gloss":"unspeakable"},{"surface":"ὦρτο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"arose"},{"surface":"κυδοιμὸς","lemma":"κυδοιμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"tumult"}]},{"number":524,"label":"524","id":"b10-l524","source":"θυνόντων ἄμυδις· θηεῦντο δὲ μέρμερα ἔργα","translation":"as they rushed together; and they marveled at the dreadful deeds","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l524.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θυνόντων","lemma":"θύνω","morphology":"present active participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as they rushed"},{"surface":"ἄμυδις","lemma":"ἄμυδις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θυνόντων","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"θηεῦντο","lemma":"θεάομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they marveled at"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέρμερα","lemma":"μέρμερος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"dreadful"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of θηεῦντο","gloss":"deeds"}]},{"number":525,"label":"525","id":"b10-l525","source":"ὅσσʼ ἄνδρες ῥέξαντες ἔβαν κοίλας ἐπὶ νῆας.","translation":"the men had done before they went back to the hollow ships.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l525.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅσσ","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ῥέξαντες","gloss":"all that"},{"surface":"ἄνδρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔβαν","gloss":"the men"},{"surface":"ῥέξαντες","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔβαν","gloss":"having done"},{"surface":"ἔβαν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἔργα","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"κοίλας","lemma":"κοῖλος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"back to"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"the ships"}]},{"number":526,"label":"526","id":"b10-l526","source":"οἳ δʼ ὅτε δή ῥʼ ἵκανον ὅθι σκοπὸν Ἕκτορος ἔκταν,","translation":"When they reached the place where they had killed Hector's scout,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l526.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἵκανον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἵκανον","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔκταν","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"σκοπὸν","lemma":"σκοπός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔκταν","gloss":"the scout"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορος","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies σκοπὸν","gloss":"of Hector"},{"surface":"ἔκταν","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of ἵκανον","gloss":"they had killed"}]},{"number":527,"label":"527","id":"b10-l527","source":"ἔνθʼ Ὀδυσεὺς μὲν ἔρυξε Διῒ φίλος ὠκέας ἵππους,","translation":"there Odysseus, dear to Zeus, reined in the swift horses,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l527.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔρυξε","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔρυξε","lemma":"ἐρύκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reined in"},{"surface":"Διῒ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies φίλος","gloss":"to Zeus"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσεὺς","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ὠκέας","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔρυξε","gloss":"the horses"}]},{"number":528,"label":"528","id":"b10-l528","source":"Τυδεΐδης δὲ χαμᾶζε θορὼν ἔναρα βροτόεντα","translation":"and the son of Tydeus sprang to the ground and placed the bloody spoils","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l528.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τυδεΐδης","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"the son of Tydeus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χαμᾶζε","lemma":"χαμᾶζε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of θορὼν","gloss":"to the ground"},{"surface":"θορὼν","lemma":"θρῴσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τίθει","gloss":"springing"},{"surface":"ἔναρα","lemma":"ἔναρα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τίθει","gloss":"the spoils"},{"surface":"βροτόεντα","lemma":"βροτόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔναρα","gloss":"bloodstained"}]},{"number":529,"label":"529","id":"b10-l529","source":"ἐν χείρεσσʼ Ὀδυσῆϊ τίθει, ἐπεβήσετο δʼ ἵππων·","translation":"in Odysseus' hands, then mounted the horses again;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l529.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χείρεσσ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"the hands"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆϊ","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies χείρεσσ̓","gloss":"of Odysseus"},{"surface":"τίθει","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was placing"},{"surface":"ἐπεβήσετο","lemma":"ἐπιβαίνω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he mounted"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπεβήσετο","gloss":"the horses"}]},{"number":530,"label":"530","id":"b10-l530","source":"μάστιξεν δʼ ἵππους, τὼ δʼ οὐκ ἀέκοντε πετέσθην","translation":"he lashed them, and the pair flew onward willingly","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l530.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μάστιξεν","lemma":"μαστίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he lashed"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μάστιξεν","gloss":"the horses"},{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πετέσθην","gloss":"the pair"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἀέκοντε","lemma":"ἀέκων","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unwilling"},{"surface":"πετέσθην","lemma":"πέτομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flew onward","note":"The dual verb agrees with the two horses."}]},{"number":531,"label":"531","id":"b10-l531","source":"νῆας ἔπι γλαφυράς· τῇ γὰρ φίλον ἔπλετο θυμῷ.","translation":"toward the hollow ships, for that way pleased their hearts.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l531.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔπι","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"γλαφυράς","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"τῇ","morphology":"adverb","role":"object","gloss":"that way"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"pleasing"},{"surface":"ἔπλετο","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it was"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φίλον","gloss":"to their hearts"}]},{"number":532,"label":"532","id":"b10-l532","source":"Νέστωρ δὲ πρῶτος κτύπον ἄϊε φώνησέν τε·","translation":"Nestor was the first to hear the hoofbeats, and he spoke:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l532.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Νέστωρ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Nestor"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πρῶτος","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"κτύπον","lemma":"κτύπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄϊε","gloss":"the hoofbeat"},{"surface":"ἄϊε","lemma":"ἀίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"φώνησέν","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":533,"label":"533","id":"b10-l533","source":"ὦ φίλοι Ἀργείων ἡγήτορες ἠδὲ μέδοντες","translation":"Friends, leaders and rulers of the Argives,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l533.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὦ φίλοι Ἀργείων ἡγήτορες ἠδὲ μέδοντες","title":"The leaders addressed","body":"This whole Greek address is identical to Iliad 2.79. The English copies the accepted line exactly, including the distinct ethnonym Argives."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"o"},{"surface":"φίλοι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friends"},{"surface":"Ἀργείων","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"of the Argives"},{"surface":"ἡγήτορες","lemma":"ἡγήτωρ","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"leaders"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέδοντες","lemma":"μέδων","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"rulers"}]},{"number":534,"label":"534","id":"b10-l534","source":"ψεύσομαι, ἦ ἔτυμον ἐρέω; κέλεται δέ με θυμός.","translation":"shall I speak falsely, or tell the truth? My heart urges me on.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l534.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ψεύσομαι","lemma":"ψεύδω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall i speak falsely"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἔτυμον","lemma":"ἔτυμος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐρέω","gloss":"the truth"},{"surface":"ἐρέω","lemma":"ἐρῶ","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall i tell"},{"surface":"κέλεται","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urges"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"θυμός","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κέλεται","gloss":"my heart"}]},{"number":535,"label":"535","id":"b10-l535","source":"ἵππων μʼ ὠκυπόδων ἀμφὶ κτύπος οὔατα βάλλει.","translation":"The beat of swift-footed horses is striking all about my ears.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l535.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies κτύπος","gloss":"of horses"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀμφὶ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ὠκυπόδων","lemma":"ὠκύπους","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππων","gloss":"swift-footed"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"all around"},{"surface":"κτύπος","lemma":"κτύπος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βάλλει","gloss":"the beat"},{"surface":"οὔατα","lemma":"οὖς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of βάλλει","gloss":"ears"},{"surface":"βάλλει","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"strikes"}]},{"number":536,"label":"536","id":"b10-l536","source":"αἲ γὰρ δὴ Ὀδυσεύς τε καὶ ὃ κρατερὸς Διομήδης","translation":"If only Odysseus and mighty Diomedes","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l536.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἲ","lemma":"αἴ","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"if only"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies Διομήδης","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"κρατερὸς","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διομήδης","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"Διομήδης","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Diomedes"}]},{"number":537,"label":"537","id":"b10-l537","source":"ὧδʼ ἄφαρ ἐκ Τρώων ἐλασαίατο μώνυχας ἵππους·","translation":"were driving single-hoofed horses here so soon from the Trojans;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l537.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὧδ","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐλασαίατο","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἄφαρ","lemma":"ἄφαρ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐλασαίατο","gloss":"so soon"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἐλασαίατο","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were driving"},{"surface":"μώνυχας","lemma":"μω~νυξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"single-hoofed"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐλασαίατο","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":538,"label":"538","id":"b10-l538","source":"ἀλλʼ αἰνῶς δείδοικα κατὰ φρένα μή τι πάθωσιν","translation":"but terribly I fear within my heart that they may have suffered—","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l538.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αἰνῶς","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δείδοικα","gloss":"terribly"},{"surface":"δείδοικα","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"i fear"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρένα","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"my heart"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of πάθωσιν","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"πάθωσιν","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of μή","gloss":"they have suffered"}]},{"number":539,"label":"539","id":"b10-l539","source":"Ἀργείων οἳ ἄριστοι ὑπὸ Τρώων ὀρυμαγδοῦ.","translation":"the best of the Argives—beneath the Trojans' battle-din.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l539.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργείων","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄριστοι","gloss":"of the Argives"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"subject of ἄριστοι","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἄριστοι","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of πάθωσιν","gloss":"best men"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies ὀρυμαγδοῦ","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"ὀρυμαγδοῦ","lemma":"ὀρυμαγδός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"battle-din"}]},{"number":540,"label":"540","id":"b10-l540","source":"οὔ πω πᾶν εἴρητο ἔπος ὅτʼ ἄρʼ ἤλυθον αὐτοί.","translation":"He had not yet spoken the whole word when they themselves arrived.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l540.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πω","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"πᾶν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπος","gloss":"the whole"},{"surface":"εἴρητο","lemma":"ἐρῶ","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had been spoken"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of εἴρητο","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἤλυθον","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτ̓","gloss":"they arrived"},{"surface":"αὐτοί","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"themselves"}]},{"number":541,"label":"541","id":"b10-l541","source":"καί ῥʼ οἳ μὲν κατέβησαν ἐπὶ χθόνα, τοὶ δὲ χαρέντες","translation":"The two dismounted to the ground, and the others rejoiced","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l541.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κατέβησαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κατέβησαν","lemma":"καταβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dismounted"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"χθόνα","lemma":"χθών","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"the ground"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἠσπάζοντο","gloss":"the others"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χαρέντες","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἠσπάζοντο","gloss":"rejoicing"}]},{"number":542,"label":"542","id":"b10-l542","source":"δεξιῇ ἠσπάζοντο ἔπεσσί τε μειλιχίοισι·","translation":"and welcomed them with the right hand and with gentle words.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l542.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεξιῇ","lemma":"δεξιά","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"with the right hand"},{"surface":"ἠσπάζοντο","lemma":"ἀσπάζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"welcomed them"},{"surface":"ἔπεσσί","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"with words"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μειλιχίοισι","lemma":"μειλίχιος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεσσί","gloss":"gentle"}]},{"number":543,"label":"543","id":"b10-l543","source":"πρῶτος δʼ ἐξερέεινε Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ·","translation":"Nestor, the Gerenian horseman, was first to question them:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l543.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρῶτος","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξερέεινε","lemma":"ἐξερεείνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"questioned them"},{"surface":"Γερήνιος","lemma":"Γερήνιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἱππότα","gloss":"Gerenian"},{"surface":"ἱππότα","lemma":"ἱππότης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Νέστωρ","gloss":"horseman"},{"surface":"Νέστωρ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐξερέεινε","gloss":"Nestor"}]},{"number":544,"label":"544","id":"b10-l544","source":"εἴπʼ ἄγε μʼ ὦ πολύαινʼ Ὀδυσεῦ μέγα κῦδος Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"\"Come, tell me, much-praised Odysseus, great glory of the Achaeans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l544.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πολύαινʼ Ὀδυσεῦ","title":"Much-praised Odysseus","body":"πολύαινος means much-praised or rich in praise. This whole Greek line is identical to Iliad 9.673, so the English copies that finalized rendering exactly."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἴπ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἴπ̓","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"o"},{"surface":"πολύαιν","lemma":"πολύαινος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσεῦ","gloss":"much-praised"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεῦ","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"vocative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῦδος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"κῦδος","lemma":"κῦδος","morphology":"vocative singular neuter noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κῦδος","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":545,"label":"545","id":"b10-l545","source":"ὅππως τοῦσδʼ ἵππους λάβετον καταδύντες ὅμιλον","translation":"how did you two take these horses after entering the throng","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l545.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅππως","lemma":"ὅπως","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"τοῦσδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of λάβετον","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"λάβετον","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd dual verb","role":"object of ὅππως","gloss":"did you two take","note":"The verb is second-person dual, directly addressing Odysseus and Diomedes together."},{"surface":"καταδύντες","lemma":"καταδύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to λάβετον","gloss":"entering"},{"surface":"ὅμιλον","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καταδύντες","gloss":"the throng"}]},{"number":546,"label":"546","id":"b10-l546","source":"Τρώων, ἦ τίς σφωε πόρεν θεὸς ἀντιβολήσας.","translation":"of Trojans? Or did some god meet you and grant them?","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l546.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies ὅμιλον","gloss":"of Trojans"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies θεὸς","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"σφωε","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"accusative dual masculine pronoun","role":"object of πόρεν","gloss":"you two"},{"surface":"πόρεν","lemma":"πόρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave them to"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πόρεν","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"ἀντιβολήσας","lemma":"ἀντιβολέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πόρεν","gloss":"meeting you"}]},{"number":547,"label":"547","id":"b10-l547","source":"αἰνῶς ἀκτίνεσσιν ἐοικότες ἠελίοιο.","translation":"They are terribly like the rays of the sun.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l547.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰνῶς","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"terribly"},{"surface":"ἀκτίνεσσιν","lemma":"ἀκτίς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐοικότες","gloss":"to the rays"},{"surface":"ἐοικότες","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ἠελίοιο","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀκτίνεσσιν","gloss":"of the sun"}]},{"number":548,"label":"548","id":"b10-l548","source":"αἰεὶ μὲν Τρώεσσʼ ἐπιμίσγομαι, οὐδέ τί φημι","translation":"I am always joining battle with the Trojans, and I do not claim","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l548.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπιμίσγομαι","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσ","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπιμίσγομαι","gloss":"with the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἐπιμίσγομαι","lemma":"ἐπιμίσγω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"i join battle"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to φημι","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"φημι","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"i claim"}]},{"number":549,"label":"549","id":"b10-l549","source":"μιμνάζειν παρὰ νηυσὶ γέρων περ ἐὼν πολεμιστής·","translation":"to linger beside the ships, old warrior though I am;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l549.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μιμνάζειν","lemma":"μιμνάζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of φημι","gloss":"to linger"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of παρὰ","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πολεμιστής","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μιμνάζειν","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"πολεμιστής","lemma":"πολεμιστής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a warrior"}]},{"number":550,"label":"550","id":"b10-l550","source":"ἀλλʼ οὔ πω τοίους ἵππους ἴδον οὐδὲ νόησα.","translation":"but never yet have I seen or beheld such horses.","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l550.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πω","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"τοίους","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"ἴδον","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have i seen"},{"surface":"νόησα","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"or beheld"}]},{"number":551,"label":"551","id":"b10-l551","source":"ἀλλά τινʼ ὔμμʼ ὀΐω δόμεναι θεὸν ἀντιάσαντα·","translation":"I think some god must have met you and given them;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l551.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τιν","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies θεὸν","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"ὔμμ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative plural pronoun","role":"object of δόμεναι","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ὀΐω","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"i think"},{"surface":"δόμεναι","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ὀΐω","gloss":"to have given them"},{"surface":"θεὸν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δόμεναι","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"ἀντιάσαντα","lemma":"ἀντιάζω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δόμεναι","gloss":"having met you"}]},{"number":552,"label":"552","id":"b10-l552","source":"ἀμφοτέρω γὰρ σφῶϊ φιλεῖ νεφεληγερέτα Ζεὺς","translation":"for Zeus the cloud-gatherer loves you both,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l552.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφοτέρω","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"accusative dual masculine adjective","role":"modifies σφῶϊ","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"σφῶϊ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative dual pronoun","role":"object of φιλεῖ","gloss":"you two"},{"surface":"φιλεῖ","lemma":"φιλέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"loves"},{"surface":"νεφεληγερέτα","lemma":"νεφεληγερέτα","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεὺς","gloss":"cloud-gathering"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τ̓","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":553,"label":"553","id":"b10-l553","source":"κούρη τʼ αἰγιόχοιο Διὸς γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη.","translation":"and so does bright-eyed Athena, daughter of aegis-bearing Zeus.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l553.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κούρη","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"the daughter"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰγιόχοιο","lemma":"αἰγίοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"aegis-bearing"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κούρη","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"bright-eyed"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":554,"label":"554","id":"b10-l554","source":"τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"Then Odysseus of many wiles answered him and said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l554.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς","title":"The answer line repeated","body":"The Greek is identical to lines 382 and 423 in the preceding chunk. This English copies the line 382 rendering exactly, including Odysseus' many-wiles epithet and the full answered-him-and-said formula."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"πολύμητις","lemma":"πολύμητις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"resourceful"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":555,"label":"555","id":"b10-l555","source":"ὦ Νέστορ Νηληϊάδη μέγα κῦδος Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"\"Nestor, son of Neleus, great glory of the Achaeans,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l555.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"o"},{"surface":"Νέστορ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Nestor"},{"surface":"Νηληϊάδη","lemma":"Νηληιάδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Νέστορ","gloss":"son of Neleus"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"vocative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῦδος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"κῦδος","lemma":"κῦδος","morphology":"vocative singular neuter noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κῦδος","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":556,"label":"556","id":"b10-l556","source":"ῥεῖα θεός γʼ ἐθέλων καὶ ἀμείνονας ἠέ περ οἵδε","translation":"a god, if willing, could easily grant us horses better","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l556.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥεῖα","lemma":"ῥεῖα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δωρήσαιτ̓","gloss":"easily"},{"surface":"θεός","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δωρήσαιτ̓","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐθέλων","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δωρήσαιτ̓","gloss":"if willing"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἀμείνονας","lemma":"ἀμείνων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine comparative adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"ἠέ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"οἵδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"these"}]},{"number":557,"label":"557","id":"b10-l557","source":"ἵππους δωρήσαιτʼ, ἐπεὶ ἢ πολὺ φέρτεροί εἰσιν.","translation":"even than these, for the gods are far mightier.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l557.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δωρήσαιτ̓","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"δωρήσαιτ","lemma":"δωρέω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"could grant"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"φέρτεροί","lemma":"φέρτατος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"mightier"},{"surface":"εἰσιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"they are"}]},{"number":558,"label":"558","id":"b10-l558","source":"ἵπποι δʼ οἵδε γεραιὲ νεήλυδες οὓς ἐρεείνεις","translation":"But these horses you ask of, old man, have newly come","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l558.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"the horses"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οἵδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"γεραιὲ","lemma":"γεραιός","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"νεήλυδες","lemma":"νέηλυς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"newly arrived"},{"surface":"οὓς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐρεείνεις","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ἐρεείνεις","lemma":"ἐρεείνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἵπποι","gloss":"you ask about"}]},{"number":559,"label":"559","id":"b10-l559","source":"Θρηΐκιοι· τὸν δέ σφιν ἄνακτʼ ἀγαθὸς Διομήδης","translation":"from Thrace; and good Diomedes killed their lord,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l559.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Θρηΐκιοι","lemma":"Θράκιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νεήλυδες","gloss":"from Thrace"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies ἄνακτ̓","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἄνακτ̓","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"ἄνακτ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔκτανε","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὸς","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διομήδης","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"Διομήδης","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔκτανε","gloss":"Diomedes"}]},{"number":560,"label":"560","id":"b10-l560","source":"ἔκτανε, πὰρ δʼ ἑτάρους δυοκαίδεκα πάντας ἀρίστους.","translation":"and beside him all twelve companions, every one among the best.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l560.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔκτανε","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"πάρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"beside him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑτάρους","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"δυοκαίδεκα","lemma":"δυοκαίδεκα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ἑτάρους","gloss":"twelve"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀρίστους","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀρίστους","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑτάρους","gloss":"the best"}]},{"number":561,"label":"561","id":"b10-l561","source":"τὸν τρισκαιδέκατον σκοπὸν εἵλομεν ἐγγύθι νηῶν,","translation":"We took the thirteenth man, a scout, close beside the ships,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l561.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies σκοπὸν","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"τρισκαιδέκατον","lemma":"τρισκαιδέκατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"thirteenth"},{"surface":"σκοπὸν","lemma":"σκοπός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἵλομεν","gloss":"scout"},{"surface":"εἵλομεν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we took"},{"surface":"ἐγγύθι","lemma":"ἐγγύθι","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐγγύθι","gloss":"the ships"}]},{"number":562,"label":"562","id":"b10-l562","source":"τόν ῥα διοπτῆρα στρατοῦ ἔμμεναι ἡμετέροιο","translation":"whom Hector and the other proud Trojans sent out","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l562.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προέηκε","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"διοπτῆρα","lemma":"διοπτήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a watcher"},{"surface":"στρατοῦ","lemma":"στρατόω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing διοπτῆρα","gloss":"of the army"},{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to προέηκε","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"ἡμετέροιο","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies στρατοῦ","gloss":"our"}]},{"number":563,"label":"563","id":"b10-l563","source":"Ἕκτωρ τε προέηκε καὶ ἄλλοι Τρῶες ἀγαυοί.","translation":"to be a watcher over our army.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l563.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"προέηκε","lemma":"προίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing σκοπὸν","gloss":"sent out"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρῶες","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ἀγαυοί","lemma":"ἀγαυός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρῶες","gloss":"noble"}]},{"number":564,"label":"564","id":"b10-l564","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν τάφροιο διήλασε μώνυχας ἵππους","translation":"So he spoke, and drove the single-hoofed horses across the trench,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l564.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to διήλασε","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"τάφροιο","lemma":"τάφρος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of διήλασε","gloss":"across the trench"},{"surface":"διήλασε","lemma":"διελαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he drove"},{"surface":"μώνυχας","lemma":"μω~νυξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"single-hoofed"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of διήλασε","gloss":"the horses"}]},{"number":565,"label":"565","id":"b10-l565","source":"καγχαλόων· ἅμα δʼ ἄλλοι ἴσαν χαίροντες Ἀχαιοί.","translation":"laughing aloud; and the other Achaeans went with him rejoicing.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l565.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καγχαλόων","lemma":"καγχαλάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to διήλασε","gloss":"laughing aloud"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴσαν","gloss":"with him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοί","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"ἴσαν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"χαίροντες","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἴσαν","gloss":"rejoicing"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἴσαν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":566,"label":"566","id":"b10-l566","source":"οἳ δʼ ὅτε Τυδεΐδεω κλισίην εὔτυκτον ἵκοντο,","translation":"When they reached the well-built shelter of the son of Tydeus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l566.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἵκοντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"Τυδεΐδεω","lemma":"Τυδεΐδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κλισίην","gloss":"of Tydeus's son"},{"surface":"κλισίην","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἵκοντο","gloss":"the shelter"},{"surface":"εὔτυκτον","lemma":"εὔτυκτος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κλισίην","gloss":"well-built"},{"surface":"ἵκοντο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"reached"}]},{"number":567,"label":"567","id":"b10-l567","source":"ἵππους μὲν κατέδησαν ἐϋτμήτοισιν ἱμᾶσι","translation":"they tethered the horses with well-cut straps","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l567.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κατέδησαν","gloss":"the horses"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κατέδησαν","lemma":"καταδέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they tethered"},{"surface":"ἐϋτμήτοισιν","lemma":"ἐύτμητος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἱμᾶσι","gloss":"well-cut"},{"surface":"ἱμᾶσι","lemma":"ἱμάς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατέδησαν","gloss":"with straps"}]},{"number":568,"label":"568","id":"b10-l568","source":"φάτνῃ ἐφʼ ἱππείῃ, ὅθι περ Διομήδεος ἵπποι","translation":"at the horse-manger, where Diomedes' own horses","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l568.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φάτνῃ","lemma":"φάτνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐφ̓","gloss":"the manger"},{"surface":"ἐφ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ἱππείῃ","lemma":"ἵππειος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies φάτνῃ","gloss":"for horses"},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕστασαν","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Διομήδεος","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"of Diomedes"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕστασαν","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":569,"label":"569","id":"b10-l569","source":"ἕστασαν ὠκύποδες μελιηδέα πυρὸν ἔδοντες·","translation":"stood swift-footed, eating honey-sweet grain.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l569.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕστασαν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing φάτνῃ","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"ὠκύποδες","lemma":"ὠκύπους","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"swift-footed"},{"surface":"μελιηδέα","lemma":"μελιηδής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πυρὸν","gloss":"honey-sweet"},{"surface":"πυρὸν","lemma":"πυρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔδοντες","gloss":"grain"},{"surface":"ἔδοντες","lemma":"ἔδω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕστασαν","gloss":"eating"}]},{"number":570,"label":"570","id":"b10-l570","source":"νηῒ δʼ ἐνὶ πρυμνῇ ἔναρα βροτόεντα Δόλωνος","translation":"At the stern of his ship Odysseus set Dolon's bloody spoils,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l570.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηῒ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"the ship"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"πρυμνῇ","lemma":"πρυμνός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῒ","gloss":"the stern"},{"surface":"ἔναρα","lemma":"ἔναρα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of θῆκ̓","gloss":"the spoils"},{"surface":"βροτόεντα","lemma":"βροτόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔναρα","gloss":"bloodstained"},{"surface":"Δόλωνος","lemma":"Δόλων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἔναρα","gloss":"of Dolon"}]},{"number":571,"label":"571","id":"b10-l571","source":"θῆκʼ Ὀδυσεύς, ὄφρʼ ἱρὸν ἑτοιμασσαίατʼ Ἀθήνῃ.","translation":"so that they might prepare a sacred offering for Athena.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l571.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θῆκ","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θῆκ̓","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἱρὸν","lemma":"ἱρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἑτοιμασσαίατ̓","gloss":"a sacred offering"},{"surface":"ἑτοιμασσαίατ","lemma":"ἑτοιμάζω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφῤ","gloss":"they might prepare"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνῃ","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἑτοιμασσαίατ̓","gloss":"for Athena"}]},{"number":572,"label":"572","id":"b10-l572","source":"αὐτοὶ δʼ ἱδρῶ πολλὸν ἀπενίζοντο θαλάσσῃ","translation":"Then they themselves entered the sea and washed away their great sweat","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l572.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτοὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἀπενίζοντο","gloss":"they themselves"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἱδρῶ","lemma":"ἱδρώς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπενίζοντο","gloss":"sweat"},{"surface":"πολλὸν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἱδρῶ","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ἀπενίζοντο","lemma":"ἀπονίζω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were washing away"},{"surface":"θαλάσσῃ","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπενίζοντο","gloss":"in the sea"}]},{"number":573,"label":"573","id":"b10-l573","source":"ἐσβάντες κνήμας τε ἰδὲ λόφον ἀμφί τε μηρούς.","translation":"from their shins, their necks, and around their thighs.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l573.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐσβάντες","lemma":"εἰσβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπενίζοντο","gloss":"having entered"},{"surface":"κνήμας","lemma":"κνήμη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"their shins"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"ἰδὲ","lemma":"ἰδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λόφον","lemma":"λόφος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"their neck"},{"surface":"ἀμφί","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μηρούς","lemma":"μηρός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"their thighs"}]},{"number":574,"label":"574","id":"b10-l574","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεί σφιν κῦμα θαλάσσης ἱδρῶ πολλὸν","translation":"And when the wave of the sea had washed their great sweat","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l574.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of νίψεν","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"κῦμα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of νίψεν","gloss":"the wave"},{"surface":"θαλάσσης","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies κῦμα","gloss":"of the sea"},{"surface":"ἱδρῶ","lemma":"ἱδρώς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of νίψεν","gloss":"sweat"},{"surface":"πολλὸν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἱδρῶ","gloss":"great"}]},{"number":575,"label":"575","id":"b10-l575","source":"νίψεν ἀπὸ χρωτὸς καὶ ἀνέψυχθεν φίλον ἦτορ,","translation":"from their skin and cooled the hearts within them,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l575.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νίψεν","lemma":"νίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"had washed"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"χρωτὸς","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"their skin"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνέψυχθεν","lemma":"ἀναψύχω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"were cooled"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦτορ","gloss":"their own"},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἀνέψυχθεν","gloss":"hearts"}]},{"number":576,"label":"576","id":"b10-l576","source":"ἔς ῥʼ ἀσαμίνθους βάντες ἐϋξέστας λούσαντο.","translation":"they entered the polished baths and bathed.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l576.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀσαμίνθους","lemma":"ἀσάμινθος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔς","gloss":"the baths"},{"surface":"βάντες","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to λούσαντο","gloss":"having entered"},{"surface":"ἐϋξέστας","lemma":"εὔξεστος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀσαμίνθους","gloss":"polished"},{"surface":"λούσαντο","lemma":"λούω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they bathed"}]},{"number":577,"label":"577","id":"b10-l577","source":"τὼ δὲ λοεσσαμένω καὶ ἀλειψαμένω λίπʼ ἐλαίῳ","translation":"When the two had bathed and anointed themselves richly with oil,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l577.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"λοεσσαμένω","lemma":"λούω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"having bathed","note":"The participle is dual, referring jointly to Odysseus and Diomedes."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλειψαμένω","lemma":"ἀλείφω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"having anointed themselves"},{"surface":"λίπ","lemma":"λίπα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀλειψαμένω","gloss":"richly"},{"surface":"ἐλαίῳ","lemma":"ἔλαιον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀλειψαμένω","gloss":"with oil"}]},{"number":578,"label":"578","id":"b10-l578","source":"δείπνῳ ἐφιζανέτην, ἀπὸ δὲ κρητῆρος Ἀθήνῃ","translation":"they sat down to the meal, and from the full mixing bowl","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l578.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δείπνῳ","lemma":"δεῖπνον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐφιζανέτην","gloss":"at the meal"},{"surface":"ἐφιζανέτην","lemma":"ἐφιζάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they sat down","note":"The verb is dual, continuing to describe the two returning warriors."},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κρητῆρος","lemma":"κρατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"the mixing bowl"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνῃ","lemma":"̓ἀθήνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of λεῖβον","gloss":"to Athena"}]},{"number":579,"label":"579","id":"b10-l579","source":"πλείου ἀφυσσόμενοι λεῖβον μελιηδέα οἶνον.","translation":"they drew honey-sweet wine and poured a libation to Athena.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b10-l579.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πλείου","lemma":"πλέως","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κρητῆρος","gloss":"full"},{"surface":"ἀφυσσόμενοι","lemma":"ἀφύσσω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to λεῖβον","gloss":"drawing"},{"surface":"λεῖβον","lemma":"λείβω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they poured a libation"},{"surface":"μελιηδέα","lemma":"μελιηδής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἶνον","gloss":"honey-sweet"},{"surface":"οἶνον","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λεῖβον","gloss":"wine"}]}]}