{"work":{"slug":"iliad","title":{"source":"Ἰλιάς","translated":"The Iliad"},"author":"Homer","language":"Ancient Greek","languageCode":"grc","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad"},"unit":{"kind":"book","number":11,"id":"book-11","title":{"source":"Ἰλιάδος Λ","translated":"Book 11 — Agamemnon's Day of Glory"},"section":"The Patrocleia","summary":"Agamemnon's day of glory ends with a wound. Diomedes, Odysseus and Machaon are hit. Nestor asks Patroclus to plead with Achilles.","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad/11","lines":847},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad/10","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad/12","license":"Source text: public domain (Homer, ancient; Greek per the Murray text via the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 3.0). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original line-aligned draft, pending editorial review. Word-by-word morphology and syntax derived from the Perseus Ancient Greek Dependency Treebank (CC BY-SA 3.0); English glosses and notes © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"b11-l1","source":"Ἠὼς δʼ ἐκ λεχέων παρʼ ἀγαυοῦ Τιθωνοῖο","translation":"Dawn, from her bed beside glorious Tithonus,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἠὼς","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ὄρνυθ̓","gloss":"Dawn"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"λεχέων","lemma":"λέχος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"bed"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"ἀγαυοῦ","lemma":"ἀγαυός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τιθωνοῖο","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"Τιθωνοῖο","lemma":"Τιθωνός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to παῤ","gloss":"Tithonus"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"b11-l2","source":"ὄρνυθʼ, ἵνʼ ἀθανάτοισι φόως φέροι ἠδὲ βροτοῖσι·","translation":"rose, to bring light to immortals and to mortals;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"φέροι","title":"Purpose with the optative","body":"ἵνα introduces Dawn's purpose, while φέροι is a present optative following the past-tense ὄρνυτο: she rose \"so that she might bring\" light. Homeric Greek often uses the optative in a purpose clause viewed from a past narrative setting."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὄρνυθ","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"ἵν","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"immortals"},{"surface":"φόως","lemma":"φόως","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of φέροι","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"φέροι","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵν̓","gloss":"to bring"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βροτοῖσι","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"to mortals"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"b11-l3","source":"Ζεὺς δʼ Ἔριδα προΐαλλε θοὰς ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"and Zeus sent Strife to the swift ships of the Achaeans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προΐαλλε","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἔριδα","lemma":"Ἔρις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of προΐαλλε","gloss":"Strife"},{"surface":"προΐαλλε","lemma":"προιάλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent"},{"surface":"θοὰς","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"b11-l4","source":"ἀργαλέην, πολέμοιο τέρας μετὰ χερσὶν ἔχουσαν.","translation":"grievous, holding in her hands the sign of war.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πολέμοιο τέρας","title":"The sign of war","body":"τέρας is a sign or portent, often one with divine force. Homer leaves the object in Strife's hands undescribed beyond calling it the sign of war, so the image remains ominous rather than mechanically specific."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀργαλέην","lemma":"ἀργαλέος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἔριδα","gloss":"grievous"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τέρας","gloss":"of war"},{"surface":"τέρας","lemma":"τέρας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχουσαν","gloss":"sign"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἔχουσαν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"holding"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"b11-l5","source":"στῆ δʼ ἐπʼ Ὀδυσσῆος μεγακήτεϊ νηῒ μελαίνῃ,","translation":"and stood upon Odysseus' huge black ship,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies νηῒ","gloss":"Odysseus’"},{"surface":"μεγακήτεϊ","lemma":"μεγακήτης","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῒ","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"νηῒ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"μελαίνῃ","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῒ","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"b11-l6","source":"ἥ ῥʼ ἐν μεσσάτῳ ἔσκε γεγωνέμεν ἀμφοτέρωσε,","translation":"which lay at the middle, so a shout could carry both ways,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔσκε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"μεσσάτῳ","lemma":"μέσσατος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"at the middle"},{"surface":"ἔσκε","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing νηῒ","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"γεγωνέμεν","lemma":"γέγωνα","morphology":"perfect active infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἔσκε","gloss":"to carry a shout"},{"surface":"ἀμφοτέρωσε","lemma":"ἀμφοτέρωσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γεγωνέμεν","gloss":"both ways"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"b11-l7","source":"ἠμὲν ἐπʼ Αἴαντος κλισίας Τελαμωνιάδαο","translation":"toward the huts of Ajax, son of Telamon,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠμὲν","lemma":"ἠμέν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"Αἴαντος","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κλισίας","gloss":"Ajax's"},{"surface":"κλισίας","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπ̓","gloss":"the huts"},{"surface":"Τελαμωνιάδαο","lemma":"Τελαμωνιάδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Αἴαντος","gloss":"son of Telamon"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"b11-l8","source":"ἠδʼ ἐπʼ Ἀχιλλῆος, τοί ῥʼ ἔσχατα νῆας ἐΐσας","translation":"and toward Achilles'; these had drawn their balanced ships","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλῆος","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"Achilles’"},{"surface":"τοί","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴρυσαν","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔσχατα","lemma":"ἔσχατος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to εἴρυσαν","gloss":"at the ends"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of εἴρυσαν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐΐσας","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"balanced"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"b11-l9","source":"εἴρυσαν ἠνορέῃ πίσυνοι καὶ κάρτεϊ χειρῶν","translation":"at the farthest ends, trusting in their manhood and the strength of their hands.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴρυσαν","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδ̓","gloss":"had drawn"},{"surface":"ἠνορέῃ","lemma":"ἠνορέη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"manhood"},{"surface":"πίσυνοι","lemma":"πίσυνος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"trusting"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κάρτεϊ","lemma":"κάρτος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"χειρῶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies κάρτεϊ","gloss":"hands"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"b11-l10","source":"ἔνθα στᾶσʼ ἤϋσε θεὰ μέγα τε δεινόν τε","translation":"Standing there, the goddess gave a great and terrible cry,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to στᾶσ̓","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"στᾶσ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἤϋσε","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"ἤϋσε","lemma":"αὔω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave a cry"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἤϋσε","gloss":"the goddess"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δεινόν","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"b11-l11","source":"ὄρθιʼ, Ἀχαιοῖσιν δὲ μέγα σθένος ἔμβαλʼ ἑκάστῳ","translation":"high-pitched; and into every Achaean she poured great strength,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄρθι","lemma":"ὄρθιος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"high-pitched"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοῖσιν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἔμβαλ̓","gloss":"into the Achaeans"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σθένος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"σθένος","lemma":"σθένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔμβαλ̓","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"ἔμβαλ","lemma":"ἐμβάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured"},{"surface":"ἑκάστῳ","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"each one"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"b11-l12","source":"καρδίῃ ἄληκτον πολεμίζειν ἠδὲ μάχεσθαι.","translation":"into his heart, to wage war and fight without cease.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l12.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καρδίῃ","lemma":"καρδία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔμβαλ̓","gloss":"into his heart"},{"surface":"ἄληκτον","lemma":"ἄλληκτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"without cease"},{"surface":"πολεμίζειν","lemma":"πολεμίζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"to wage war"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"b11-l13","source":"τοῖσι δʼ ἄφαρ πόλεμος γλυκίων γένετʼ ἠὲ νέεσθαι","translation":"At once war became sweeter to them than to return","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l13.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of γένετ̓","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄφαρ","lemma":"ἄφαρ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γένετ̓","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"πόλεμος","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of γένετ̓","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"γλυκίων","lemma":"γλυκύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"sweeter"},{"surface":"γένετ","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἠέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"νέεσθαι","lemma":"νέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"modifies ἠὲ","gloss":"to return"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"b11-l14","source":"ἐν νηυσὶ γλαφυρῇσι φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν.","translation":"in the hollow ships to their own dear native land.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l14.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"γλαφυρῇσι","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶ","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"φίλην","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"own dear"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πατρίδα","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"b11-l15","source":"Ἀτρεΐδης δʼ ἐβόησεν ἰδὲ ζώννυσθαι ἄνωγεν","translation":"The son of Atreus shouted and ordered the Argives to arm;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l15.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδης","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἰδὲ","gloss":"the son of Atreus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐβόησεν","lemma":"βοάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shouted"},{"surface":"ἰδὲ","lemma":"ἰδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ζώννυσθαι","lemma":"ζώννυμι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἄνωγεν","gloss":"to arm"},{"surface":"ἄνωγεν","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ordered"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"b11-l16","source":"Ἀργείους· ἐν δʼ αὐτὸς ἐδύσετο νώροπα χαλκόν.","translation":"and he himself put on the flashing bronze.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l16.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργείους","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ζώννυσθαι","gloss":"the Argives"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"he himself"},{"surface":"ἐδύσετο","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put on"},{"surface":"νώροπα","lemma":"νῶροψ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκόν","gloss":"gleaming"},{"surface":"χαλκόν","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐδύσετο","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"b11-l17","source":"κνημῖδας μὲν πρῶτα περὶ κνήμῃσιν ἔθηκε","translation":"First he set greaves about his shins,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l17.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κνημῖδας","lemma":"κνημίς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔθηκε","gloss":"greaves"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"πρῶτα","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔθηκε","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"κνήμῃσιν","lemma":"κνήμη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"shins"},{"surface":"ἔθηκε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"b11-l18","source":"καλὰς ἀργυρέοισιν ἐπισφυρίοις ἀραρυίας·","translation":"fine ones, fitted with silver ankle-pieces;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l18.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καλὰς","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"ἀργυρέοισιν","lemma":"ἀργύρεος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἐπισφυρίοις","gloss":"silver"},{"surface":"ἐπισφυρίοις","lemma":"ἐπισφύρια","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀραρυίας","gloss":"ankle-pieces"},{"surface":"ἀραρυίας","lemma":"ἀραρίσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifies","gloss":"fitted"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"b11-l19","source":"δεύτερον αὖ θώρηκα περὶ στήθεσσιν ἔδυνε,","translation":"next he put the corselet about his chest,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l19.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεύτερον","lemma":"δεύτερος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔδυνε","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"θώρηκα","lemma":"θώραξ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔδυνε","gloss":"corselet"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"στήθεσσιν","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"ἔδυνε","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put on"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"b11-l20","source":"τόν ποτέ οἱ Κινύρης δῶκε ξεινήϊον εἶναι.","translation":"which Cinyras once had given him as a guest-gift.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l20.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δῶκε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ποτέ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δῶκε","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"Κινύρης","lemma":"Κινύρης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δῶκε","gloss":"Cinyras"},{"surface":"δῶκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing θώρηκα","gloss":"had given"},{"surface":"ξεινήϊον","lemma":"ξεινήιον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"guest-gift"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to δῶκε","gloss":"as"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"b11-l21","source":"πεύθετο γὰρ Κύπρον δὲ μέγα κλέος οὕνεκʼ Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"For he had heard in Cyprus the great report, that the Achaeans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l21.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πεύθετο","lemma":"πεύθομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had heard"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Κύπρον","lemma":"Κύπρος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to πεύθετο","gloss":"Cyprus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κλέος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"κλέος","lemma":"κλέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"report"},{"surface":"οὕνεκ","lemma":"οὕνεκα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἔμελλον","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"b11-l22","source":"ἐς Τροίην νήεσσιν ἀναπλεύσεσθαι ἔμελλον·","translation":"were soon to sail in ships to Troy;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l22.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Τροίην","lemma":"Τροία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"νήεσσιν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀναπλεύσεσθαι","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἀναπλεύσεσθαι","lemma":"ἀναπλέω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ἔμελλον","gloss":"to sail"},{"surface":"ἔμελλον","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of οὕνεκ̓","gloss":"were soon"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"b11-l23","source":"τοὔνεκά οἱ τὸν δῶκε χαριζόμενος βασιλῆϊ.","translation":"therefore he gave it to him, seeking to please the king.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l23.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὔνεκά","lemma":"τοὔνεκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δῶκε","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δῶκε","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δῶκε","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"δῶκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he gave"},{"surface":"χαριζόμενος","lemma":"χαρίζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δῶκε","gloss":"seeking to please"},{"surface":"βασιλῆϊ","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of χαριζόμενος","gloss":"the king"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"b11-l24","source":"τοῦ δʼ ἤτοι δέκα οἶμοι ἔσαν μέλανος κυάνοιο,","translation":"On it were ten bands of dark-blue inlay,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l24.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κυάνοιο","title":"Dark-blue kuanos","body":"κύανος names a dark-blue decorative material, but its exact substance in Homer is uncertain; blue glass paste, enamel-like work, and lapis-like inlay have all been proposed. \"Dark-blue inlay\" preserves the visible color without claiming more certainty than the Greek allows."}],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies οἶμοι","gloss":"on it"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δέκα","lemma":"δέκα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies οἶμοι","gloss":"ten"},{"surface":"οἶμοι","lemma":"οἶμος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔσαν","gloss":"bands"},{"surface":"ἔσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"μέλανος","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κυάνοιο","gloss":"dark-blue"},{"surface":"κυάνοιο","lemma":"κύανος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies οἶμοι","gloss":"dark-blue inlay"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"b11-l25","source":"δώδεκα δὲ χρυσοῖο καὶ εἴκοσι κασσιτέροιο·","translation":"twelve of gold and twenty of tin;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l25.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δώδεκα","lemma":"δώδεκα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies","gloss":"twelve"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χρυσοῖο","lemma":"χρυσός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"of gold"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἴκοσι","lemma":"εἴκοσι","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies","gloss":"twenty"},{"surface":"κασσιτέροιο","lemma":"κασσίτερος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"tin"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"b11-l26","source":"κυάνεοι δὲ δράκοντες ὀρωρέχατο προτὶ δειρὴν","translation":"and dark-blue serpents reared up toward the neck,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l26.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δράκοντες","title":"Serpents, not winged dragons","body":"δράκων here is a great snake or serpent, named for its fearsome gaze. The later European image of a winged, fire-breathing dragon should not be read into the three coiling creatures on the corselet."}],"words":[{"surface":"κυάνεοι","lemma":"κυάνεος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies δράκοντες","gloss":"dark-blue"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δράκοντες","lemma":"δράκων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ὀρωρέχατο","gloss":"serpents"},{"surface":"ὀρωρέχατο","lemma":"ὀρέγω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reared up"},{"surface":"προτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"δειρὴν","lemma":"δειρή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of προτὶ","gloss":"neck"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"b11-l27","source":"τρεῖς ἑκάτερθʼ ἴρισσιν ἐοικότες, ἅς τε Κρονίων","translation":"three on either side, like the rainbows the son of Cronos","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l27.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τρεῖς","lemma":"τρεῖς","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies δράκοντες","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"ἑκάτερθ","lemma":"ἑκάτερθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀρωρέχατο","gloss":"on either side"},{"surface":"ἴρισσιν","lemma":"ἶρις","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐοικότες","gloss":"rainbows"},{"surface":"ἐοικότες","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ὀρωρέχατο","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ἅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of στήριξε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"Κρονίων","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of στήριξε","gloss":"the son of Cronos"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"b11-l28","source":"ἐν νέφεϊ στήριξε, τέρας μερόπων ἀνθρώπων.","translation":"sets firm in cloud, a sign for mortal men.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l28.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"νέφεϊ","lemma":"νέφος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"cloud"},{"surface":"στήριξε","lemma":"στηρίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἴρισσιν","gloss":"sets firm"},{"surface":"τέρας","lemma":"τέρας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"sign"},{"surface":"μερόπων","lemma":"μέροψ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνθρώπων","gloss":"mortal"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τέρας","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"b11-l29","source":"ἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρʼ ὤμοισιν βάλετο ξίφος· ἐν δέ οἱ ἧλοι","translation":"About his shoulders he slung a sword; its golden studs","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l29.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὤμοισιν","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφὶ","gloss":"his shoulders"},{"surface":"βάλετο","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slung"},{"surface":"ξίφος","lemma":"ξίφος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of βάλετο","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἧλοι","lemma":"ἧλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of πάμφαινον","gloss":"studs"}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"b11-l30","source":"χρύσειοι πάμφαινον, ἀτὰρ περὶ κουλεὸν ἦεν","translation":"shone all around, while the sheath about it was","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l30.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χρύσειοι","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἧλοι","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"πάμφαινον","lemma":"παμφαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shone"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"all around"},{"surface":"κουλεὸν","lemma":"κολεόν","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἦεν","gloss":"sheath"},{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"b11-l31","source":"ἀργύρεον χρυσέοισιν ἀορτήρεσσιν ἀρηρός.","translation":"silver, hung from golden straps.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l31.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀργύρεον","lemma":"ἀργύρεος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"silver"},{"surface":"χρυσέοισιν","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀορτήρεσσιν","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"ἀορτήρεσσιν","lemma":"ἀορτήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀρηρός","gloss":"straps"},{"surface":"ἀρηρός","lemma":"ἀραρίσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular neuter","role":"modifies","gloss":"hung"}]},{"number":32,"label":"32","id":"b11-l32","source":"ἂν δʼ ἕλετʼ ἀμφιβρότην πολυδαίδαλον ἀσπίδα θοῦριν","translation":"He lifted his man-enclosing, richly wrought battle-shield,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l32.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀμφιβρότην","title":"A shield enclosing its bearer","body":"ἀμφιβρότη combines the ideas of \"around\" and \"mortal\": the shield encloses or covers the man who bears it. The compound stresses its full protective breadth before Homer turns to its ornament."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕλετ","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lifted"},{"surface":"ἀμφιβρότην","lemma":"ἀμφίβροτος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"man-enclosing"},{"surface":"πολυδαίδαλον","lemma":"πολυδαίδαλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"richly wrought"},{"surface":"ἀσπίδα","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἕλετ̓","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"θοῦριν","lemma":"θου~ρις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"battle-shield"}]},{"number":33,"label":"33","id":"b11-l33","source":"καλήν, ἣν πέρι μὲν κύκλοι δέκα χάλκεοι ἦσαν,","translation":"beautiful, with ten circles of bronze around its rim;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l33.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καλήν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"ἣν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to πέρι","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"πέρι","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κύκλοι","lemma":"κύκλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦσαν","gloss":"circles"},{"surface":"δέκα","lemma":"δέκα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies κύκλοι","gloss":"ten"},{"surface":"χάλκεοι","lemma":"χάλκεος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κύκλοι","gloss":"of bronze"},{"surface":"ἦσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"were"}]},{"number":34,"label":"34","id":"b11-l34","source":"ἐν δέ οἱ ὀμφαλοὶ ἦσαν ἐείκοσι κασσιτέροιο","translation":"and on it were twenty bosses of tin,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l34.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"on it"},{"surface":"ὀμφαλοὶ","lemma":"ὀμφαλός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦσαν","gloss":"bosses"},{"surface":"ἦσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"ἐείκοσι","lemma":"εἴκοσι","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ὀμφαλοὶ","gloss":"twenty"},{"surface":"κασσιτέροιο","lemma":"κασσίτερος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὀμφαλοὶ","gloss":"tin"}]},{"number":35,"label":"35","id":"b11-l35","source":"λευκοί, ἐν δὲ μέσοισιν ἔην μέλανος κυάνοιο.","translation":"white, and at their center one of dark-blue inlay.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l35.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λευκοί","lemma":"λευκός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀμφαλοὶ","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέσοισιν","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"in the middle"},{"surface":"ἔην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"μέλανος","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κυάνοιο","gloss":"dark-blue"},{"surface":"κυάνοιο","lemma":"κύανος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"dark-blue inlay"}]},{"number":36,"label":"36","id":"b11-l36","source":"τῇ δʼ ἐπὶ μὲν Γοργὼ βλοσυρῶπις ἐστεφάνωτο","translation":"And crowning it was the grim-faced Gorgon,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l36.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to 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her.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l37.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεινὸν","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to δερκομένη","gloss":"terribly"},{"surface":"δερκομένη","lemma":"δέρκομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἐστεφάνωτο","gloss":"glaring"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around her"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Δεῖμός","lemma":"Δεῖμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Terror"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Φόβος","lemma":"φόβος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Rout"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":38,"label":"38","id":"b11-l38","source":"τῆς δʼ ἐξ ἀργύρεος τελαμὼν ἦν· αὐτὰρ ἐπʼ αὐτοῦ","translation":"Its carrying strap was silver; upon it","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l38.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῆς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐξ","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from it"},{"surface":"ἀργύρεος","lemma":"ἀργύρεος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τελαμὼν","gloss":"silver"},{"surface":"τελαμὼν","lemma":"τελαμών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of 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his head"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ἀμφίφαλον","lemma":"ἀμφίφαλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κυνέην","gloss":"double-crested"},{"surface":"κυνέην","lemma":"κυνέη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of θέτο","gloss":"helmet"},{"surface":"θέτο","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"τετραφάληρον","lemma":"τετραφάληρος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κυνέην","gloss":"four-bossed"}]},{"number":42,"label":"42","id":"b11-l42","source":"ἵππουριν· δεινὸν δὲ λόφος καθύπερθεν ἔνευεν.","translation":"with a horsehair crest; and terribly the plume nodded above it;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l42.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵππουριν","lemma":"ἵππουρις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κυνέην","gloss":"horsehair-crested"},{"surface":"δεινὸν","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔνευεν","gloss":"terribly"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λόφος","lemma":"λόφος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔνευεν","gloss":"plume"},{"surface":"καθύπερθεν","lemma":"καθύπερθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔνευεν","gloss":"above it"},{"surface":"ἔνευεν","lemma":"νεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"nodded"}]},{"number":43,"label":"43","id":"b11-l43","source":"εἵλετο δʼ ἄλκιμα δοῦρε δύω κεκορυθμένα χαλκῷ","translation":"and he took two strong spears, tipped with bronze,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l43.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἵλετο","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he took"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλκιμα","lemma":"ἄλκιμος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δοῦρε","gloss":"stout"},{"surface":"δοῦρε","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative dual neuter noun","role":"object of εἵλετο","gloss":"spears"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies δοῦρε","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"κεκορυθμένα","lemma":"κορύσσω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifies δοῦρε","gloss":"tipped"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κεκορυθμένα","gloss":"with bronze"}]},{"number":44,"label":"44","id":"b11-l44","source":"ὀξέα· τῆλε δὲ χαλκὸς ἀπʼ αὐτόφιν οὐρανὸν εἴσω","translation":"sharp; far from them, into heaven, the bronze","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l44.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀξέα","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δοῦρε","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"τῆλε","lemma":"τῆλε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λάμπ̓","gloss":"far off"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χαλκὸς","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of λάμπ̓","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"αὐτόφιν","lemma":"αὐτόφι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπ̓","gloss":"from 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—×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l50.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥώοντ","lemma":"ῥώομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rushed forward"},{"surface":"ἄσβεστος","lemma":"ἄσβεστος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies βοὴ","gloss":"unquenchable"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βοὴ","lemma":"βοή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of γένετ̓","gloss":"shout"},{"surface":"γένετ","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"arose"},{"surface":"ἠῶθι","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to πρό","gloss":"at 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to μετεκίαθον","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"μετεκίαθον","lemma":"μετακιάθω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed after"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κυδοιμὸν","lemma":"κυδοιμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὦρσε","gloss":"din"}]},{"number":53,"label":"53","id":"b11-l53","source":"ὦρσε κακὸν Κρονίδης, κατὰ δʼ ὑψόθεν ἧκεν ἐέρσας","translation":"the son of Cronos stirred, and from on high sent down a dew","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l53.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦρσε","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main 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sky, because he meant","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l54.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἵματι","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"modifies μυδαλέας","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"μυδαλέας","lemma":"μυδαλέος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἐέρσας","gloss":"drenched"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"αἰθέρος","lemma":"αἰθήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"clear sky"},{"surface":"οὕνεκ","lemma":"οὕνεκα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"ἔμελλε","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to οὕνεκ̓","gloss":"he meant"}]},{"number":55,"label":"55","id":"b11-l55","source":"πολλὰς ἰφθίμους κεφαλὰς Ἄϊδι προϊάψειν.","translation":"to hurl many mighty heads down to Hades.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l55.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὰς","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies κεφαλὰς","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ἰφθίμους","lemma":"ἴφθιμος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies κεφαλὰς","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"κεφαλὰς","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of προϊάψειν","gloss":"heads"},{"surface":"Ἄϊδι","lemma":"Ἀΐδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προϊάψειν","gloss":"to Hades"},{"surface":"προϊάψειν","lemma":"προιάπτω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ἔμελλε","gloss":"send down"}]},{"number":56,"label":"56","id":"b11-l56","source":"Τρῶες δʼ αὖθʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἐπὶ θρωσμῷ πεδίοιο","translation":"The Trojans, on the other side, upon a rise of the plain,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l56.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖθ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"ἑτέρωθεν","lemma":"ἑτέρωθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"on the other side"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"θρωσμῷ","lemma":"θρωσμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"rise"},{"surface":"πεδίοιο","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies θρωσμῷ","gloss":"of the plain"}]},{"number":57,"label":"57","id":"b11-l57","source":"Ἕκτορά τʼ ἀμφὶ μέγαν καὶ ἀμύμονα Πουλυδάμαντα","translation":"stood round great Hector and blameless Polydamas,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l57.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορά","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to τ̓","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"μέγαν","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορά","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμύμονα","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πουλυδάμαντα","gloss":"blameless"},{"surface":"Πουλυδάμαντα","lemma":"Πουλυδάμας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to τ̓","gloss":"Polydamas"}]},{"number":58,"label":"58","id":"b11-l58","source":"Αἰνείαν θʼ, ὃς Τρωσὶ θεὸς ὣς τίετο δήμῳ,","translation":"and Aeneas, honored like a god among the Trojan people,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l58.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἰνείαν","lemma":"Αἰνείας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to τ̓","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τίετο","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"Τρωσὶ","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to τίετο","gloss":"among the Trojans"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"τίετο","lemma":"τίω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Αἰνείαν","gloss":"was honored"},{"surface":"δήμῳ","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τίετο","gloss":"people"}]},{"number":59,"label":"59","id":"b11-l59","source":"τρεῖς τʼ Ἀντηνορίδας Πόλυβον καὶ Ἀγήνορα δῖον","translation":"and Antenor's three sons, Polybus and godlike Agenor","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l59.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ἀντηνορίδας","title":"The three sons of Antenor","body":"Ἀντηνορίδας is a plural patronymic, \"sons of Antenor.\" The three are Polybus, Agenor, and Acamas; the last name is delayed into the following line, but all three belong under the one family label."}],"words":[{"surface":"τρεῖς","lemma":"τρεῖς","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies Ἀντηνορίδας","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀντηνορίδας","lemma":"Ἀντηνορίδης","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"sons of Antenor"},{"surface":"Πόλυβον","lemma":"Πόλυβος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"Polybus"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀγήνορα","lemma":"Ἀγήνωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"Agenor"},{"surface":"δῖον","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀγήνορα","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":60,"label":"60","id":"b11-l60","source":"ἠΐθεόν τʼ Ἀκάμαντʼ ἐπιείκελον ἀθανάτοισιν.","translation":"and young Acamas, like the immortals.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l60.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠΐθεόν","lemma":"ἠίθεος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀκάμαντ̓","gloss":"young man"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀκάμαντ","lemma":"Ἀκάμας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"Acamas"},{"surface":"ἐπιείκελον","lemma":"ἐπιείκελος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀκάμαντ̓","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισιν","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐπιείκελον","gloss":"the immortals"}]},{"number":61,"label":"61","id":"b11-l61","source":"Ἕκτωρ δʼ ἐν πρώτοισι φέρʼ ἀσπίδα πάντοσʼ ἐΐσην,","translation":"In the front ranks Hector carried his shield, round on every side.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l61.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of φέῤ","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πρώτοισι","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the foremost"},{"surface":"φέρ","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"ἀσπίδα","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of φέῤ","gloss":"his shield"},{"surface":"πάντοσ","lemma":"πάντοσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"all around"},{"surface":"ἐΐσην","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀσπίδα","gloss":"round"}]},{"number":62,"label":"62","id":"b11-l62","source":"οἷος δʼ ἐκ νεφέων ἀναφαίνεται οὔλιος ἀστὴρ","translation":"As a baneful star emerges from the clouds,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l62.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"οὔλιος ἀστὴρ","title":"A baneful star","body":"οὔλιος means destructive or deadly. Homer does not name the star here; what matters is the threatening brilliance that flashes out and vanishes again, a pattern Hector's movement through the ranks will repeat."}],"words":[{"surface":"οἷος","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"νεφέων","lemma":"νέφος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"clouds"},{"surface":"ἀναφαίνεται","lemma":"ἀναφαίνω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"emerges"},{"surface":"οὔλιος","lemma":"οὔλιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀστὴρ","gloss":"baneful"},{"surface":"ἀστὴρ","lemma":"ἀστήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀναφαίνεται","gloss":"star"}]},{"number":63,"label":"63","id":"b11-l63","source":"παμφαίνων, τοτὲ δʼ αὖτις ἔδυ νέφεα σκιόεντα,","translation":"blazing bright, then sinks again into shadowy clouds,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l63.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παμφαίνων","lemma":"παμφαίνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀναφαίνεται","gloss":"blazing bright"},{"surface":"τοτὲ","lemma":"τοτέ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔδυ","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἔδυ","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"sank"},{"surface":"νέφεα","lemma":"νέφος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔδυ","gloss":"clouds"},{"surface":"σκιόεντα","lemma":"σκιόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies νέφεα","gloss":"shadowy"}]},{"number":64,"label":"64","id":"b11-l64","source":"ὣς Ἕκτωρ ὁτὲ μέν τε μετὰ πρώτοισι φάνεσκεν,","translation":"so Hector now appeared among the foremost,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l64.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάνεσκεν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"ὁτὲ","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"at one time"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"πρώτοισι","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"the foremost"},{"surface":"φάνεσκεν","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"appeared"}]},{"number":65,"label":"65","id":"b11-l65","source":"ἄλλοτε δʼ ἐν πυμάτοισι κελεύων· πᾶς δʼ ἄρα χαλκῷ","translation":"now among the last, urging them on; and his whole body in bronze","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l65.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλοτε","lemma":"ἄλλοτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"at another time"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πυμάτοισι","lemma":"πύματος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"rearmost"},{"surface":"κελεύων","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to φάνεσκεν","gloss":"urging them on"},{"surface":"πᾶς","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to λάμφ̓","gloss":"in bronze"}]},{"number":66,"label":"66","id":"b11-l66","source":"λάμφʼ ὥς τε στεροπὴ πατρὸς Διὸς αἰγιόχοιο.","translation":"flashed like lightning from father Zeus who bears the aegis.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l66.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λάμφ","lemma":"λάμπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flashed"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"στεροπὴ","lemma":"στεροπή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"lightning"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies στεροπὴ","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"αἰγιόχοιο","lemma":"αἰγίοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"who bears the aegis"}]},{"number":67,"label":"67","id":"b11-l67","source":"οἳ δʼ, ὥς τʼ ἀμητῆρες ἐναντίοι ἀλλήλοισιν","translation":"And as reapers facing one another","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l67.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐλαύνωσιν","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμητῆρες","lemma":"ἀμητήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐλαύνωσιν","gloss":"reapers"},{"surface":"ἐναντίοι","lemma":"ἐναντίος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"facing"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλοισιν","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐναντίοι","gloss":"one another"}]},{"number":68,"label":"68","id":"b11-l68","source":"ὄγμον ἐλαύνωσιν ἀνδρὸς μάκαρος κατʼ ἄρουραν","translation":"drive their swath across a rich man's field","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l68.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄγμον","lemma":"ὄγμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐλαύνωσιν","gloss":"swath"},{"surface":"ἐλαύνωσιν","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"drive"},{"surface":"ἀνδρὸς","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄρουραν","gloss":"man’s"},{"surface":"μάκαρος","lemma":"μάκαρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνδρὸς","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"across"},{"surface":"ἄρουραν","lemma":"ἄρουρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κατ̓","gloss":"field"}]},{"number":69,"label":"69","id":"b11-l69","source":"πυρῶν ἢ κριθῶν· τὰ δὲ δράγματα ταρφέα πίπτει·","translation":"of wheat or barley, and the thick handfuls fall,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l69.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πυρῶν","lemma":"πυρός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἢ","gloss":"wheat"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"κριθῶν","lemma":"κριθή","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἢ","gloss":"barley"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter article","role":"modifies δράγματα","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δράγματα","lemma":"δράγμα","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of πίπτει","gloss":"handfuls"},{"surface":"ταρφέα","lemma":"ταρφύς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"thick"},{"surface":"πίπτει","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"fall"}]},{"number":70,"label":"70","id":"b11-l70","source":"ὣς Τρῶες καὶ Ἀχαιοὶ ἐπʼ ἀλλήλοισι θορόντες","translation":"so Trojans and Achaeans, leaping upon one another,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l70.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δῄουν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Achaeans"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon one another"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλοισι","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"θορόντες","lemma":"θρῴσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to δῄουν","gloss":"leaping"}]},{"number":71,"label":"71","id":"b11-l71","source":"δῄουν, οὐδʼ ἕτεροι μνώοντʼ ὀλοοῖο φόβοιο.","translation":"slew; neither side thought of ruinous flight.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l71.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῄουν","lemma":"δηιόω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cut down"},{"surface":"ἕτεροι","lemma":"ἕτερος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of μνώοντ̓","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"μνώοντ","lemma":"μνάομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"thought of"},{"surface":"ὀλοοῖο","lemma":"ὀλοός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies φόβοιο","gloss":"ruinous"},{"surface":"φόβοιο","lemma":"φόβος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of μνώοντ̓","gloss":"of rout"}]},{"number":72,"label":"72","id":"b11-l72","source":"ἴσας δʼ ὑσμίνη κεφαλὰς ἔχεν, οἳ δὲ λύκοι ὣς","translation":"The battle held their heads level, and like wolves","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l72.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἴσας δʼ ὑσμίνη κεφαλὰς ἔχεν","title":"The battle holds them level","body":"The image says that battle \"held their heads equal\": neither army had forced the other's heads down or gained the upper hand. The unusual physical idiom makes the deadlock visible before the warriors charge on like wolves."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἴσας","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"level"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑσμίνη","lemma":"ὑσμίνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔχεν","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"κεφαλὰς","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχεν","gloss":"heads"},{"surface":"ἔχεν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of θῦνον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λύκοι","lemma":"λύκος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"wolves"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"}]},{"number":73,"label":"73","id":"b11-l73","source":"θῦνον· Ἔρις δʼ ἄρʼ ἔχαιρε πολύστονος εἰσορόωσα·","translation":"they rushed; and Strife of many groans rejoiced to watch.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l73.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θῦνον","lemma":"θύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rushed"},{"surface":"Ἔρις","lemma":"Ἔρις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔχαιρε","gloss":"Strife"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔχαιρε","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rejoiced"},{"surface":"πολύστονος","lemma":"πολύστονος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἔρις","gloss":"much-groaning"},{"surface":"εἰσορόωσα","lemma":"εἰσοράω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἔχαιρε","gloss":"watching"}]},{"number":74,"label":"74","id":"b11-l74","source":"οἴη γάρ ῥα θεῶν παρετύγχανε μαρναμένοισιν,","translation":"For she alone of the gods was there among the fighters;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l74.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴη","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies οἴη","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"παρετύγχανε","lemma":"παρατυγχάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was present"},{"surface":"μαρναμένοισιν","lemma":"μάρναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative plural masculine","role":"object of παρετύγχανε","gloss":"the fighters"}]},{"number":75,"label":"75","id":"b11-l75","source":"οἳ δʼ ἄλλοι οὔ σφιν πάρεσαν θεοί, ἀλλὰ ἕκηλοι","translation":"the other gods were not among them, but sat at ease","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l75.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"subject of θεοί","gloss":"the others"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοί","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of πάρεσαν","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"πάρεσαν","lemma":"πάρειμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were present"},{"surface":"θεοί","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of πάρεσαν","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἕκηλοι","lemma":"ἕκηλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"at ease"}]},{"number":76,"label":"76","id":"b11-l76","source":"σφοῖσιν ἐνὶ μεγάροισι καθήατο, ἧχι ἑκάστῳ","translation":"in their own halls, where for each of them","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l76.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σφοῖσιν","lemma":"σφός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μεγάροισι","gloss":"their own"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισι","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"καθήατο","lemma":"κάθημαι","morphology":"pluperfect middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they sat"},{"surface":"ἧχι","lemma":"ἧχι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τέτυκτο","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"ἑκάστῳ","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of τέτυκτο","gloss":"for each"}]},{"number":77,"label":"77","id":"b11-l77","source":"δώματα καλὰ τέτυκτο κατὰ πτύχας Οὐλύμποιο.","translation":"a fair house was built among the folds of Olympus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l77.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δώματα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of τέτυκτο","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"καλὰ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δώματα","gloss":"fair"},{"surface":"τέτυκτο","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing μεγάροισι","gloss":"was built"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"πτύχας","lemma":"πτύξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"folds"},{"surface":"Οὐλύμποιο","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πτύχας","gloss":"of Olympus"}]},{"number":78,"label":"78","id":"b11-l78","source":"πάντες δʼ ᾐτιόωντο κελαινεφέα Κρονίωνα","translation":"And all blamed the dark-clouded son of Cronos,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l78.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ᾐτιόωντο","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ᾐτιόωντο","lemma":"αἰτιάομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"blamed"},{"surface":"κελαινεφέα","lemma":"κελαινεφής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Κρονίωνα","gloss":"dark-clouded"},{"surface":"Κρονίωνα","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ᾐτιόωντο","gloss":"son of Cronos"}]},{"number":79,"label":"79","id":"b11-l79","source":"οὕνεκʼ ἄρα Τρώεσσιν ἐβούλετο κῦδος ὀρέξαι.","translation":"because he wished to grant glory to the Trojans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l79.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὕνεκ","lemma":"οὕνεκα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσιν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὀρέξαι","gloss":"to the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἐβούλετο","lemma":"βούλομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to οὕνεκ̓","gloss":"wished"},{"surface":"κῦδος","lemma":"κῦδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὀρέξαι","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ὀρέξαι","lemma":"ὀρέγω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἐβούλετο","gloss":"to grant"}]},{"number":80,"label":"80","id":"b11-l80","source":"τῶν μὲν ἄρʼ οὐκ ἀλέγιζε πατήρ· ὃ δὲ νόσφι λιασθεὶς","translation":"But the father paid them no heed; withdrawing apart,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l80.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀλέγιζε","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἀλέγιζε","lemma":"ἀλεγίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"paid heed"},{"surface":"πατήρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀλέγιζε","gloss":"the father"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καθέζετο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"νόσφι","lemma":"νόσφι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λιασθεὶς","gloss":"apart"},{"surface":"λιασθεὶς","lemma":"λιάζομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καθέζετο","gloss":"withdrawing"}]},{"number":81,"label":"81","id":"b11-l81","source":"τῶν ἄλλων ἀπάνευθε καθέζετο κύδεϊ γαίων","translation":"far from the others, he sat exulting in his glory,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l81.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἄλλων","gloss":"the others"},{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀπάνευθε","gloss":"the others"},{"surface":"ἀπάνευθε","lemma":"ἀπάνευθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"apart from"},{"surface":"καθέζετο","lemma":"καθέζομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"κύδεϊ","lemma":"κῦδος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of γαίων","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"γαίων","lemma":"γαίω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καθέζετο","gloss":"exulting"}]},{"number":82,"label":"82","id":"b11-l82","source":"εἰσορόων Τρώων τε πόλιν καὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"gazing on Troy's city and the ships of the Achaeans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l82.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰσορόων","lemma":"εἰσοράω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καθέζετο","gloss":"gazing at"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies πόλιν","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":83,"label":"83","id":"b11-l83","source":"χαλκοῦ τε στεροπήν, ὀλλύντάς τʼ ὀλλυμένους τε.","translation":"the flash of bronze, and men killing and being killed.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l83.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὀλλύντάς τʼ ὀλλυμένους τε","title":"Killing and being killed","body":"Homer places two participles from the same verb side by side: active ὀλλύντας, \"those killing,\" and middle ὀλλυμένους, \"those perishing\" or \"being killed.\" The repeated root closes the scene by holding the agents and victims of battle in one balanced phrase."}],"words":[{"surface":"χαλκοῦ","lemma":"χαλκοῦς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies στεροπήν","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στεροπήν","lemma":"στεροπή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"flash"},{"surface":"ὀλλύντάς","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of τε","gloss":"killing"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀλλυμένους","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of τε","gloss":"being killed"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":84,"label":"84","id":"b11-l84","source":"ὄφρα μὲν ἠὼς ἦν καὶ ἀέξετο ἱερὸν ἦμαρ,","translation":"As long as morning lasted and the sacred day grew stronger,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l84.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὄφρα μὲν","title":"As long as ... so long","body":"The temporal pair ὄφρα ... τόφρα frames two actions over the same span: as long as morning grows, the weapons strike both sides. The answering τόφρα comes at the opening of the next line."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"as long as"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"as long as"},{"surface":"ἠὼς","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἦν","gloss":"Dawn"},{"surface":"ἦν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"lasted"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀέξετο","lemma":"ἀέξω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"grew stronger"},{"surface":"ἱερὸν","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦμαρ","gloss":"sacred"},{"surface":"ἦμαρ","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἀέξετο","gloss":"day"}]},{"number":85,"label":"85","id":"b11-l85","source":"τόφρα μάλʼ ἀμφοτέρων βέλεʼ ἥπτετο, πῖπτε δὲ λαός·","translation":"the weapons struck both sides, and the people fell.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l85.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόφρα","lemma":"τόφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἥπτετο","gloss":"so long"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἥπτετο","gloss":"strongly"},{"surface":"ἀμφοτέρων","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βέλἐ","gloss":"both sides"},{"surface":"βέλε","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἥπτετο","gloss":"weapons"},{"surface":"ἥπτετο","lemma":"ἅπτω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"πῖπτε","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λαός","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πῖπτε","gloss":"the people"}]},{"number":86,"label":"86","id":"b11-l86","source":"ἦμος δὲ δρυτόμος περ ἀνὴρ ὁπλίσσατο δεῖπνον","translation":"But when a woodcutter makes ready his meal","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l86.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦμος","lemma":"ἦμος","morphology":"adverb","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"δρυτόμος","lemma":"δρυτόμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"woodcutter"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὁπλίσσατο","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"ὁπλίσσατο","lemma":"ὁπλίζω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"made ready"},{"surface":"δεῖπνον","lemma":"δεῖπνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὁπλίσσατο","gloss":"meal"}]},{"number":87,"label":"87","id":"b11-l87","source":"οὔρεος ἐν βήσσῃσιν, ἐπεί τʼ ἐκορέσσατο χεῖρας","translation":"in the mountain glens, when he has wearied his hands","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l87.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔρεος","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies βήσσῃσιν","gloss":"of the mountain"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"βήσσῃσιν","lemma":"βῆσσα","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"in a glen"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκορέσσατο","lemma":"κορέννυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"had wearied"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκορέσσατο","gloss":"hands"}]},{"number":88,"label":"88","id":"b11-l88","source":"τάμνων δένδρεα μακρά, ἅδος τέ μιν ἵκετο θυμόν,","translation":"cutting tall trees, and weariness comes upon his spirit,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l88.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τάμνων","lemma":"τέμνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐκορέσσατο","gloss":"cutting"},{"surface":"δένδρεα","lemma":"δένδρεον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τάμνων","gloss":"trees"},{"surface":"μακρά","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δένδρεα","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"ἅδος","lemma":"ἅδος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἵκετο","gloss":"weariness"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἵκετο","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἵκετο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"θυμόν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἵκετο","gloss":"his spirit"}]},{"number":89,"label":"89","id":"b11-l89","source":"σίτου τε γλυκεροῖο περὶ φρένας ἵμερος αἱρεῖ,","translation":"and desire for sweet food grips his heart,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l89.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σίτου","lemma":"σῖτος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵμερος","gloss":"of food"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γλυκεροῖο","lemma":"γλυκύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies σίτου","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"φρένας","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἵμερος","lemma":"ἵμερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of αἱρεῖ","gloss":"longing"},{"surface":"αἱρεῖ","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"grips"}]},{"number":90,"label":"90","id":"b11-l90","source":"τῆμος σφῇ ἀρετῇ Δαναοὶ ῥήξαντο φάλαγγας","translation":"then by their own valor the Danaans broke the battalions,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l90.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"σφῇ ἀρετῇ","title":"By their own valor","body":"The dative ἀρετῇ expresses means: the Danaans break the Trojan battalions by valor of their own. The possessive σφῇ makes the achievement emphatically theirs."}],"words":[{"surface":"τῆμος","lemma":"τῆμος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ῥήξαντο","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"σφῇ","lemma":"σφός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀρετῇ","gloss":"their own"},{"surface":"ἀρετῇ","lemma":"ἀρετή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ῥήξαντο","gloss":"valor"},{"surface":"Δαναοὶ","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ῥήξαντο","gloss":"the Danaans"},{"surface":"ῥήξαντο","lemma":"ῥήγνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"broke"},{"surface":"φάλαγγας","lemma":"φάλαγξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ῥήξαντο","gloss":"battalions"}]},{"number":91,"label":"91","id":"b11-l91","source":"κεκλόμενοι ἑτάροισι κατὰ στίχας· ἐν δʼ Ἀγαμέμνων","translation":"calling to their comrades down the ranks; and among them Agamemnon","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l91.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεκλόμενοι","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ῥήξαντο","gloss":"calling"},{"surface":"ἑτάροισι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κεκλόμενοι","gloss":"comrades"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"στίχας","lemma":"στίξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"ranks"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὄρουσ̓","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":92,"label":"92","id":"b11-l92","source":"πρῶτος ὄρουσʼ, ἕλε δʼ ἄνδρα Βιάνορα ποιμένα λαῶν","translation":"sprang first and slew a man, Bienor, shepherd of the people,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l92.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρῶτος","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ὄρουσ","lemma":"ὀρούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"leapt"},{"surface":"ἕλε","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slew"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"Βιάνορα","lemma":"Βιάνωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄνδρα","gloss":"Bienor"},{"surface":"ποιμένα","lemma":"ποιμήν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"shepherd"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ποιμένα","gloss":"of the people"}]},{"number":93,"label":"93","id":"b11-l93","source":"αὐτόν, ἔπειτα δʼ ἑταῖρον Ὀϊλῆα πλήξιππον.","translation":"him, and then his companion Oileus, driver of horses.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l93.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ὀϊλῆα πλήξιππον","title":"Oileus, driver of horses","body":"This Oileus is Bienor's fighting companion, not the older Oileus known as the father of the lesser Ajax. πλήξιππος, literally one who strikes or urges horses, retains the established epithet “driver of horses.”"}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτόν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑταῖρον","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"his companion"},{"surface":"Ὀϊλῆα","lemma":"Ὀιλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Oileus"},{"surface":"πλήξιππον","lemma":"πλήξιππος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀϊλῆα","gloss":"driver of horses"}]},{"number":94,"label":"94","id":"b11-l94","source":"ἤτοι ὅ γʼ ἐξ ἵππων κατεπάλμενος ἀντίος ἔστη·","translation":"He leapt down from his chariot and stood facing him;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l94.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔστη","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"κατεπάλμενος","lemma":"κατεφάλλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔστη","gloss":"leaping down"},{"surface":"ἀντίος","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"facing him"},{"surface":"ἔστη","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"}]},{"number":95,"label":"95","id":"b11-l95","source":"τὸν δʼ ἰθὺς μεμαῶτα μετώπιον ὀξέϊ δουρὶ","translation":"and as he rushed straight on, Agamemnon stabbed him in the forehead with the sharp spear,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l95.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of νύξ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰθὺς","lemma":"ἰθύς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μεμαῶτα","gloss":"straight on"},{"surface":"μεμαῶτα","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"rushing on"},{"surface":"μετώπιον","lemma":"μετώπιον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to νύξ̓","gloss":"forehead"},{"surface":"ὀξέϊ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δουρὶ","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to νύξ̓","gloss":"with his spear"}]},{"number":96,"label":"96","id":"b11-l96","source":"νύξʼ, οὐδὲ στεφάνη δόρυ οἱ σχέθε χαλκοβάρεια,","translation":"nor did the bronze-heavy helmet-rim hold back the spear,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l96.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"στεφάνη δόρυ οἱ σχέθε χαλκοβάρεια","title":"The helmet-rim","body":"στεφάνη is the encircling rim or crown of the helmet. χαλκοβάρεια makes it “heavy with bronze,” but even that reinforced edge cannot stop Agamemnon's spear."}],"words":[{"surface":"νύξ","lemma":"νύσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stabbed"},{"surface":"στεφάνη","lemma":"στεφάνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of σχέθε","gloss":"helmet rim"},{"surface":"δόρυ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of σχέθε","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies δόρυ","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"σχέθε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hold"},{"surface":"χαλκοβάρεια","lemma":"χαλκοβαρής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δόρυ","gloss":"bronze-heavy"}]},{"number":97,"label":"97","id":"b11-l97","source":"ἀλλὰ διʼ αὐτῆς ἦλθε καὶ ὀστέου, ἐγκέφαλος δὲ","translation":"but it passed through it and through the bone, and all the brain","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l97.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"δι","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"αὐτῆς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"passed through"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀστέου","lemma":"ὀστέον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"bone"},{"surface":"ἐγκέφαλος","lemma":"ἐγκέφαλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πεπάλακτο","gloss":"brain"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":98,"label":"98","id":"b11-l98","source":"ἔνδον ἅπας πεπάλακτο· δάμασσε δέ μιν μεμαῶτα.","translation":"within was spattered; and he brought him down as he charged.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l98.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνδον","lemma":"ἔνδον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πεπάλακτο","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"ἅπας","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐγκέφαλος","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"πεπάλακτο","lemma":"παλάσσω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was splashed"},{"surface":"δάμασσε","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brought down"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δάμασσε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μεμαῶτα","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as he charged"}]},{"number":99,"label":"99","id":"b11-l99","source":"καὶ τοὺς μὲν λίπεν αὖθι ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων","translation":"And Agamemnon, lord of men, left them there,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l99.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of λίπεν","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"λίπεν","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"αὖθι","lemma":"αὖθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of λίπεν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄναξ","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of λίπεν","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":100,"label":"100","id":"b11-l100","source":"στήθεσι παμφαίνοντας, ἐπεὶ περίδυσε χιτῶνας·","translation":"their bare chests gleaming, once he had stripped away their tunics;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l100.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στήθεσι","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to παμφαίνοντας","gloss":"chests"},{"surface":"παμφαίνοντας","lemma":"παμφαίνω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"all gleaming"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"περίδυσε","lemma":"περιδύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"stripped away"},{"surface":"χιτῶνας","lemma":"χιτών","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of περίδυσε","gloss":"tunics"}]},{"number":101,"label":"101","id":"b11-l101","source":"αὐτὰρ ὃ βῆ Ἶσόν τε καὶ Ἄντιφον ἐξεναρίξων","translation":"then he went to strip Isus and Antiphus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l101.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βῆ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he went"},{"surface":"Ἶσόν","lemma":"Ἶσος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Isus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἄντιφον","lemma":"Ἄντιφος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Antiphus"},{"surface":"ἐξεναρίξων","lemma":"ἐξεναρίζω","morphology":"future active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"to strip"}]},{"number":102,"label":"102","id":"b11-l102","source":"υἷε δύω Πριάμοιο νόθον καὶ γνήσιον ἄμφω","translation":"two sons of Priam, one bastard, one legitimate,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l102.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"υἷε δύω Πριάμοιο νόθον καὶ γνήσιον ἄμφω","title":"Priam's two sons","body":"υἷε and δύω are dual forms, marking a pair: Isus and Antiphus. The paired adjectives distinguish them within that pair, Isus as Priam's bastard son and Antiphus as his legitimate son."}],"words":[{"surface":"υἷε","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative dual masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"two sons"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies υἷε","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"Πριάμοιο","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἷε","gloss":"of Priam"},{"surface":"νόθον","lemma":"νόθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"bastard"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"γνήσιον","lemma":"γνήσιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"legitimate"},{"surface":"ἄμφω","lemma":"ἄμφω","morphology":"accusative dual masculine adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"both"}]},{"number":103,"label":"103","id":"b11-l103","source":"εἰν ἑνὶ δίφρῳ ἐόντας· ὃ μὲν νόθος ἡνιόχευεν,","translation":"both in a single chariot: the bastard drove the team,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l103.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἑνὶ","lemma":"εἷς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δίφρῳ","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"δίφρῳ","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to εἰν","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"ἐόντας","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies νόθος","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"νόθος","lemma":"νόθος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἡνιόχευεν","gloss":"bastard"},{"surface":"ἡνιόχευεν","lemma":"ἡνιοχεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove the team"}]},{"number":104,"label":"104","id":"b11-l104","source":"Ἄντιφος αὖ παρέβασκε περικλυτός· ὥ ποτʼ Ἀχιλλεὺς","translation":"while renowned Antiphus rode beside him. Once Achilles","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l104.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἄντιφος","lemma":"Ἄντιφος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of παρέβασκε","gloss":"Antiphus"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"παρέβασκε","lemma":"παραβαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rode beside"},{"surface":"περικλυτός","lemma":"περικλυτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄντιφος","gloss":"far-famed"},{"surface":"ὥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative dual masculine pronoun","role":"object of δίδη","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to δίδη","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δίδη","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":105,"label":"105","id":"b11-l105","source":"Ἴδης ἐν κνημοῖσι δίδη μόσχοισι λύγοισι,","translation":"had bound them on Ida's slopes with pliant willow-twigs,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l105.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἴδης","lemma":"Ἴδη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies κνημοῖσι","gloss":"Ida"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"κνημοῖσι","lemma":"κνημός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"slopes"},{"surface":"δίδη","lemma":"δίδημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had bound"},{"surface":"μόσχοισι","lemma":"μόσχος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δίδη","gloss":"willow shoots"},{"surface":"λύγοισι","lemma":"λύγος","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies μόσχοισι","gloss":"willows"}]},{"number":106,"label":"106","id":"b11-l106","source":"ποιμαίνοντʼ ἐπʼ ὄεσσι λαβών, καὶ ἔλυσεν ἀποίνων.","translation":"catching them as they tended sheep, and freed them for ransom.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l106.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ποιμαίνοντ","lemma":"ποιμαίνω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative dual masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"while shepherding"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ὄεσσι","lemma":"ὄις","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"sheep"},{"surface":"λαβών","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δίδη","gloss":"catching"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔλυσεν","lemma":"ἐλύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"freed"},{"surface":"ἀποίνων","lemma":"ἄποινα","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἔλυσεν","gloss":"ransom"}]},{"number":107,"label":"107","id":"b11-l107","source":"δὴ τότε γʼ Ἀτρεΐδης εὐρὺ κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων","translation":"Then the wide-ruling lord Agamemnon","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l107.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βάλε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδης","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"εὐρὺ","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"wide-ruling"},{"surface":"κρείων","lemma":"κρείων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"ruling lord"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":108,"label":"108","id":"b11-l108","source":"τὸν μὲν ὑπὲρ μαζοῖο κατὰ στῆθος βάλε δουρί,","translation":"struck one with his spear in the chest above the nipple,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l108.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ὑπὲρ","lemma":"ὑπέρ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"μαζοῖο","lemma":"μαστός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὲρ","gloss":"nipple"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στῆθος","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"δουρί","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to βάλε","gloss":"with his spear"}]},{"number":109,"label":"109","id":"b11-l109","source":"Ἄντιφον αὖ παρὰ οὖς ἔλασε ξίφει, ἐκ δʼ ἔβαλʼ ἵππων.","translation":"and Antiphus he struck beside the ear with his sword and hurled from the chariot.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l109.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἄντιφον","lemma":"Ἄντιφος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔλασε","gloss":"Antiphus"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"οὖς","lemma":"οὖς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of παρὰ","gloss":"ear"},{"surface":"ἔλασε","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ξίφει","lemma":"ξίφος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἔλασε","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔβαλ","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hurled"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔβαλ̓","gloss":"chariot"}]},{"number":110,"label":"110","id":"b11-l110","source":"σπερχόμενος δʼ ἀπὸ τοῖιν ἐσύλα τεύχεα καλὰ","translation":"In haste he stripped the fine armor from them,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l110.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σπερχόμενος","lemma":"σπέρχω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐσύλα","gloss":"in haste"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"τοῖιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive dual masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"from them"},{"surface":"ἐσύλα","lemma":"συλάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stripped"},{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐσύλα","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"καλὰ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"fine"}]},{"number":111,"label":"111","id":"b11-l111","source":"γιγνώσκων· καὶ γάρ σφε πάρος παρὰ νηυσὶ θοῇσιν","translation":"knowing them; for he had seen them before beside the swift ships,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l111.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γιγνώσκων","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐσύλα","gloss":"recognizing"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"σφε","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἶδεν","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἶδεν","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"θοῇσιν","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶ","gloss":"swift"}]},{"number":112,"label":"112","id":"b11-l112","source":"εἶδεν, ὅτʼ ἐξ Ἴδης ἄγαγεν πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς.","translation":"when swift-footed Achilles brought them from Ida.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l112.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἶδεν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Ἴδης","lemma":"Ἴδη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"from Ida"},{"surface":"ἄγαγεν","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτ̓","gloss":"brought"},{"surface":"πόδας","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὠκὺς","gloss":"footed"},{"surface":"ὠκὺς","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄγαγεν","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":113,"label":"113","id":"b11-l113","source":"ὡς δὲ λέων ἐλάφοιο ταχείης νήπια τέκνα","translation":"As a lion finds the tender fawns of a swift doe","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l113.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λέων","lemma":"λέων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of συνέαξε","gloss":"a lion"},{"surface":"ἐλάφοιο","lemma":"ἔλαφος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies τέκνα","gloss":"doe"},{"surface":"ταχείης","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἐλάφοιο","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"νήπια","lemma":"νήπιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέκνα","gloss":"tender"},{"surface":"τέκνα","lemma":"τέκνον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of συνέαξε","gloss":"fawns"}]},{"number":114,"label":"114","id":"b11-l114","source":"ῥηϊδίως συνέαξε λαβὼν κρατεροῖσιν ὀδοῦσιν","translation":"and easily crushes them in his strong teeth,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l114.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥηϊδίως","lemma":"ῥᾴδιος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to συνέαξε","gloss":"easily"},{"surface":"συνέαξε","lemma":"συνάγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"crushes together"},{"surface":"λαβὼν","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to συνέαξε","gloss":"seizing"},{"surface":"κρατεροῖσιν","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀδοῦσιν","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"ὀδοῦσιν","lemma":"ὀδούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to λαβὼν","gloss":"in his teeth"}]},{"number":115,"label":"115","id":"b11-l115","source":"ἐλθὼν εἰς εὐνήν, ἁπαλόν τέ σφʼ ἦτορ ἀπηύρα·","translation":"coming into their lair, and robs them of their tender hearts;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l115.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐλθὼν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to συνέαξε","gloss":"coming"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"εὐνήν","lemma":"εὐνή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"lair"},{"surface":"ἁπαλόν","lemma":"ἁπαλός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦτορ","gloss":"tender"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφ","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπηύρα","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπηύρα","gloss":"hearts"},{"surface":"ἀπηύρα","lemma":"ἀπαυράω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"robs"}]},{"number":116,"label":"116","id":"b11-l116","source":"ἣ δʼ εἴ πέρ τε τύχῃσι μάλα σχεδόν, οὐ δύναταί σφι","translation":"and though she chances to be very near, she cannot","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l116.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of δύναταί","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"πέρ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τύχῃσι","lemma":"τυγχάνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"is nearby"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"σχεδόν","lemma":"σχεδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τύχῃσι","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δύναταί","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"cannot"},{"surface":"σφι","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of χραισμεῖν","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":117,"label":"117","id":"b11-l117","source":"χραισμεῖν· αὐτὴν γάρ μιν ὑπὸ τρόμος αἰνὸς ἱκάνει·","translation":"save them, for dreadful trembling seizes the doe herself;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l117.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χραισμεῖν","lemma":"χραισμέω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of δύναταί","gloss":"to save"},{"surface":"αὐτὴν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἱκάνει","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"τρόμος","lemma":"τρόμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἱκάνει","gloss":"trembling"},{"surface":"αἰνὸς","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τρόμος","gloss":"dreadful"},{"surface":"ἱκάνει","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"seizes"}]},{"number":118,"label":"118","id":"b11-l118","source":"καρπαλίμως δʼ ἤϊξε διὰ δρυμὰ πυκνὰ καὶ ὕλην","translation":"and swiftly she darts through dense thickets and woodland,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l118.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καρπαλίμως","lemma":"καρπάλιμος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤϊξε","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤϊξε","lemma":"ἀίσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"darts"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"δρυμὰ","lemma":"δρυμός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"thickets"},{"surface":"πυκνὰ","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δρυμὰ","gloss":"dense"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὕλην","lemma":"ὕλη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"woodland"}]},{"number":119,"label":"119","id":"b11-l119","source":"σπεύδουσʼ ἱδρώουσα κραταιοῦ θηρὸς ὑφʼ ὁρμῆς·","translation":"hurrying, sweating, before the mighty beast's onslaught—","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l119.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σπεύδουσ","lemma":"σπεύδω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἤϊξε","gloss":"hurrying"},{"surface":"ἱδρώουσα","lemma":"ἱδρόω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to σπεύδουσ̓","gloss":"sweating"},{"surface":"κραταιοῦ","lemma":"κραταιός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θηρὸς","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"θηρὸς","lemma":"θήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὁρμῆς","gloss":"beast’s"},{"surface":"ὑφ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ὁρμῆς","lemma":"ὁρμή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑφ̓","gloss":"onslaught"}]},{"number":120,"label":"120","id":"b11-l120","source":"ὣς ἄρα τοῖς οὔ τις δύνατο χραισμῆσαι ὄλεθρον","translation":"so no Trojan could ward destruction from those two,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l120.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δύνατο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"τοῖς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of χραισμῆσαι","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δύνατο","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"δύνατο","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"χραισμῆσαι","lemma":"χραισμέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δύνατο","gloss":"ward off"},{"surface":"ὄλεθρον","lemma":"ὄλεθρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of χραισμῆσαι","gloss":"destruction"}]},{"number":121,"label":"121","id":"b11-l121","source":"Τρώων, ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτοὶ ὑπʼ Ἀργείοισι φέβοντο.","translation":"but they themselves fled before the Argives.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l121.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"αὐτοὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"they themselves"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"Ἀργείοισι","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ὑπ̓","gloss":"the Argives"},{"surface":"φέβοντο","lemma":"φέβομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fled"}]},{"number":122,"label":"122","id":"b11-l122","source":"αὐτὰρ ὃ Πείσανδρόν τε καὶ Ἱππόλοχον μενεχάρμην","translation":"Then Pisander and Hippolochus, steadfast in battle,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l122.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ἱππόλοχον μενεχάρμην","title":"Hippolochus, steadfast in battle","body":"This Hippolochus is the son of Antimachus, not the Lycian Hippolochus in Glaucus' ancestry. μενεχάρμης praises one who stands firm in battle and follows the established “steadfast in battle” rendering-family."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"Πείσανδρόν","lemma":"Πείσανδρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Pisander"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἱππόλοχον","lemma":"Ἱππόλοχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Hippolochus"},{"surface":"μενεχάρμην","lemma":"μενεχάρμης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἱππόλοχον","gloss":"steadfast in battle"}]},{"number":123,"label":"123","id":"b11-l123","source":"υἱέας Ἀντιμάχοιο δαΐφρονος, ὅς ῥα μάλιστα","translation":"sons of wise Antimachus, who above all,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l123.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"υἱέας","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"Ἀντιμάχοιο","lemma":"Ἀντίμαχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱέας","gloss":"Antimachus"},{"surface":"δαΐφρονος","lemma":"δαίφρων","morphology":"genitive singular adjective","role":"modifies Ἀντιμάχοιο","gloss":"wise"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴασχ̓","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴασχ̓","gloss":"above all"}]},{"number":124,"label":"124","id":"b11-l124","source":"χρυσὸν Ἀλεξάνδροιο δεδεγμένος ἀγλαὰ δῶρα","translation":"having received gold from Paris, splendid gifts,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l124.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χρυσὸν","lemma":"χρυσός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δεδεγμένος","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"Ἀλεξάνδροιο","lemma":"Ἀλέξανδρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies χρυσὸν","gloss":"Paris"},{"surface":"δεδεγμένος","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἴασχ̓","gloss":"received"},{"surface":"ἀγλαὰ","lemma":"ἀγλαός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶρα","gloss":"splendid"},{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δεδεγμένος","gloss":"gifts"}]},{"number":125,"label":"125","id":"b11-l125","source":"οὐκ εἴασχʼ Ἑλένην δόμεναι ξανθῷ Μενελάῳ,","translation":"would not allow Helen to be given back to golden-haired Menelaus—","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l125.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"εἴασχ","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἀντιμάχοιο","gloss":"would not allow"},{"surface":"Ἑλένην","lemma":"Ἑλένη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δόμεναι","gloss":"Helen"},{"surface":"δόμεναι","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of εἴασχ̓","gloss":"to be given"},{"surface":"ξανθῷ","lemma":"ξανθός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενελάῳ","gloss":"golden-haired"},{"surface":"Μενελάῳ","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δόμεναι","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":126,"label":"126","id":"b11-l126","source":"τοῦ περ δὴ δύο παῖδε λάβε κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων","translation":"those two the lord Agamemnon seized","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l126.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies παῖδε","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δύο","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies παῖδε","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"παῖδε","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"accusative dual masculine noun","role":"object of λάβε","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"λάβε","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized"},{"surface":"κρείων","lemma":"κρείων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"the lord"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of λάβε","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":127,"label":"127","id":"b11-l127","source":"εἰν ἑνὶ δίφρῳ ἐόντας, ὁμοῦ δʼ ἔχον ὠκέας ἵππους·","translation":"together in one chariot, both controlling the swift horses;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l127.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἑνὶ","lemma":"εἷς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δίφρῳ","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"δίφρῳ","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to εἰν","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"ἐόντας","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"ὁμοῦ","lemma":"ὁμοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχον","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"controlled"},{"surface":"ὠκέας","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχον","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":128,"label":"128","id":"b11-l128","source":"ἐκ γάρ σφεας χειρῶν φύγον ἡνία σιγαλόεντα,","translation":"for the shining reins had slipped from their hands,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l128.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"σφεας","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of φύγον","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"χειρῶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"φύγον","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slipped"},{"surface":"ἡνία","lemma":"ἡνία","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of φύγον","gloss":"reins"},{"surface":"σιγαλόεντα","lemma":"σιγαλόεις","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἡνία","gloss":"shining"}]},{"number":129,"label":"129","id":"b11-l129","source":"τὼ δὲ κυκηθήτην· ὃ δʼ ἐναντίον ὦρτο λέων ὣς","translation":"and the pair were thrown into confusion; he sprang against them like a lion,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l129.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κυκηθήτην","gloss":"the pair"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κυκηθήτην","lemma":"κυκάω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were thrown confused"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐναντίον","lemma":"ἐναντίον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὦρτο","gloss":"face-to-face"},{"surface":"ὦρτο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sprang"},{"surface":"λέων","lemma":"λέων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"a lion"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"}]},{"number":130,"label":"130","id":"b11-l130","source":"Ἀτρεΐδης· τὼ δʼ αὖτʼ ἐκ δίφρου γουναζέσθην·","translation":"the son of Atreus; and from the chariot the two clasped his knees:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l130.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδης","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"the son of Atreus"},{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of γουναζέσθην","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"δίφρου","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"γουναζέσθην","lemma":"γουνάζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"clasped his knees"}]},{"number":131,"label":"131","id":"b11-l131","source":"ζώγρει Ἀτρέος υἱέ, σὺ δʼ ἄξια δέξαι ἄποινα·","translation":"\"Take me alive, son of Atreus, and accept a worthy ransom.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l131.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ζώγρει Ἀτρέος υἱέ","title":"A repeated ransom plea","body":"This line repeats verbatim the captive Adrastus' plea in Book 6 and therefore keeps the same English. Here Homer places the singular formula in a scene where two brothers plead together, before their speech shifts explicitly to “we two.”"}],"words":[{"surface":"ζώγρει","lemma":"ζωγρέω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"take me alive"},{"surface":"Ἀτρέος","lemma":"Ἀτρεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱέ","gloss":"of Atreus"},{"surface":"υἱέ","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of δέξαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄξια","lemma":"ἄξιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄποινα","gloss":"worthy"},{"surface":"δέξαι","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"accept"},{"surface":"ἄποινα","lemma":"ἄποινα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δέξαι","gloss":"ransom"}]},{"number":132,"label":"132","id":"b11-l132","source":"πολλὰ δʼ ἐν Ἀντιμάχοιο δόμοις κειμήλια κεῖται","translation":"Many treasures lie in Antimachus' house,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l132.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κειμήλια","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Ἀντιμάχοιο","lemma":"Ἀντίμαχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δόμοις","gloss":"Antimachus"},{"surface":"δόμοις","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"κειμήλια","lemma":"κειμήλιον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"treasures"},{"surface":"κεῖται","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lie"}]},{"number":133,"label":"133","id":"b11-l133","source":"χαλκός τε χρυσός τε πολύκμητός τε σίδηρος,","translation":"bronze and gold and iron wrought with toil.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l133.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χαλκός","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χρυσός","lemma":"χρυσός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πολύκμητός","lemma":"πολύκμητος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies σίδηρος","gloss":"much-worked"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σίδηρος","lemma":"σίδηρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"iron"}]},{"number":134,"label":"134","id":"b11-l134","source":"τῶν κέν τοι χαρίσαιτο πατὴρ ἀπερείσιʼ ἄποινα,","translation":"From these my father would grant you boundless ransom","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l134.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of χαρίσαιτο","gloss":"from these"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of χαρίσαιτο","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"χαρίσαιτο","lemma":"χαρίζομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"grant"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of χαρίσαιτο","gloss":"my father"},{"surface":"ἀπερείσι","lemma":"ἀπερείσιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄποινα","gloss":"boundless"},{"surface":"ἄποινα","lemma":"ἄποινα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of χαρίσαιτο","gloss":"ransom"}]},{"number":135,"label":"135","id":"b11-l135","source":"εἰ νῶϊ ζωοὺς πεπύθοιτʼ ἐπὶ νηυσὶν Ἀχαιῶν.","translation":"if he learned that we two were alive beside the ships of the Achaeans.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l135.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"νῶϊ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative dual masculine pronoun","role":"object of πεπύθοιτ̓","gloss":"we two"},{"surface":"ζωοὺς","lemma":"ζωός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alive"},{"surface":"πεπύθοιτ","lemma":"πυνθάνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"he heard of"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἐπὶ","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶν","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":136,"label":"136","id":"b11-l136","source":"ὣς τώ γε κλαίοντε προσαυδήτην βασιλῆα","translation":"So the two, weeping, addressed the king","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l136.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τώ γε κλαίοντε προσαυδήτην","title":"The two brothers in the dual","body":"The pronoun τώ, participle κλαίοντε, and verb προσαυδήτην are all dual. Greek grammar keeps Pisander and Hippolochus tightly bound as one pleading pair until Agamemnon answers them."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"τώ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of προσαυδήτην","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κλαίοντε","lemma":"κλαίω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to προσαυδήτην","gloss":"weeping"},{"surface":"προσαυδήτην","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"βασιλῆα","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσαυδήτην","gloss":"the king"}]},{"number":137,"label":"137","id":"b11-l137","source":"μειλιχίοις ἐπέεσσιν· ἀμείλικτον δʼ ὄπʼ ἄκουσαν·","translation":"with gentle words; but a pitiless voice they heard:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l137.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μειλιχίοις","lemma":"μειλίχιος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἐπέεσσιν","gloss":"with gentle words"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσιν","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to προσαυδήτην","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"ἀμείλικτον","lemma":"ἀμείλικτος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὄπ̓","gloss":"pitiless"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὄπ","lemma":"ὄψ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἄκουσαν","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"ἄκουσαν","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heard"}]},{"number":138,"label":"138","id":"b11-l138","source":"εἰ μὲν δὴ Ἀντιμάχοιο δαΐφρονος υἱέες ἐστόν,","translation":"\"If indeed you are the sons of wise Antimachus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l138.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ἀντιμάχοιο","lemma":"Ἀντίμαχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱέες","gloss":"Antimachus"},{"surface":"δαΐφρονος","lemma":"δαίφρων","morphology":"genitive singular adjective","role":"modifies Ἀντιμάχοιο","gloss":"wise"},{"surface":"υἱέες","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"the sons"},{"surface":"ἐστόν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd dual verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"you are"}]},{"number":139,"label":"139","id":"b11-l139","source":"ὅς ποτʼ ἐνὶ Τρώων ἀγορῇ Μενέλαον ἄνωγεν","translation":"who once in the assembly of the Trojans urged that Menelaus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l139.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἄνωγεν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἄνωγεν","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies ἀγορῇ","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἀγορῇ","lemma":"ἀγορά","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"assembly"},{"surface":"Μενέλαον","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"Menelaus"},{"surface":"ἄνωγεν","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἀντιμάχοιο","gloss":"urged"}]},{"number":140,"label":"140","id":"b11-l140","source":"ἀγγελίην ἐλθόντα σὺν ἀντιθέῳ Ὀδυσῆϊ","translation":"when he came as an envoy with godlike Odysseus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l140.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγγελίην","lemma":"ἀγγελία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐλθόντα","gloss":"as a messenger"},{"surface":"ἐλθόντα","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"coming"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ἀντιθέῳ","lemma":"ἀντίθεος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσῆϊ","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆϊ","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"with Odysseus"}]},{"number":141,"label":"141","id":"b11-l141","source":"αὖθι κατακτεῖναι μηδʼ ἐξέμεν ἂψ ἐς Ἀχαιούς,","translation":"be killed there and not sent back again to the Achaeans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l141.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὖθι","lemma":"αὖθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατακτεῖναι","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"κατακτεῖναι","lemma":"κατακτείνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"to kill him"},{"surface":"ἐξέμεν","lemma":"ἐξίημι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"sent back"},{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐξέμεν","gloss":"back again"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":142,"label":"142","id":"b11-l142","source":"νῦν μὲν δὴ τοῦ πατρὸς ἀεικέα τίσετε λώβην.","translation":"now you shall pay for your father's shameful outrage.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l142.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τίσετε","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine article","role":"modifies πατρὸς","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies λώβην","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἀεικέα","lemma":"ἀεικής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies λώβην","gloss":"shameful"},{"surface":"τίσετε","lemma":"τίνω","morphology":"future active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall pay"},{"surface":"λώβην","lemma":"λώβη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τίσετε","gloss":"outrage"}]},{"number":143,"label":"143","id":"b11-l143","source":"ἦ, καὶ Πείσανδρον μὲν ἀφʼ ἵππων ὦσε χαμᾶζε","translation":"He spoke, and thrust Pisander down from the chariot to the ground,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l143.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πείσανδρον","lemma":"Πείσανδρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὦσε","gloss":"Pisander"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀφ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀφ̓","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"ὦσε","lemma":"ὠθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"thrust"},{"surface":"χαμᾶζε","lemma":"χαμᾶζε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ὦσε","gloss":"to the ground"}]},{"number":144,"label":"144","id":"b11-l144","source":"δουρὶ βαλὼν πρὸς στῆθος· ὃ δʼ ὕπτιος οὔδει ἐρείσθη.","translation":"striking him in the chest with his spear; he fell back upon the earth.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l144.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to βαλὼν","gloss":"with his spear"},{"surface":"βαλὼν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὦσε","gloss":"striking"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στῆθος","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐρείσθη","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὕπτιος","lemma":"ὕπτιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"backward, on his back"},{"surface":"οὔδει","lemma":"οὖδας","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐρείσθη","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"ἐρείσθη","lemma":"ἐρείδω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell back"}]},{"number":145,"label":"145","id":"b11-l145","source":"Ἱππόλοχος δʼ ἀπόρουσε, τὸν αὖ χαμαὶ ἐξενάριξε","translation":"Hippolochus leapt down; him again he slew on the ground,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l145.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἱππόλοχος","lemma":"Ἱππόλοχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπόρουσε","gloss":"Hippolochus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπόρουσε","lemma":"ἀπορούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sprang down"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐξενάριξε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"χαμαὶ","lemma":"χαμαί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐξενάριξε","gloss":"on the ground"},{"surface":"ἐξενάριξε","lemma":"ἐξεναρίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἱππόλοχος","gloss":"slew"}]},{"number":146,"label":"146","id":"b11-l146","source":"χεῖρας ἀπὸ ξίφεϊ τμήξας ἀπό τʼ αὐχένα κόψας,","translation":"cutting off his hands with the sword and striking off his head,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l146.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τμήξας","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"off"},{"surface":"ξίφεϊ","lemma":"ξίφος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to τμήξας","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"τμήξας","lemma":"τμήγω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τ̓","gloss":"cutting off"},{"surface":"ἀπό","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"off"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐχένα","lemma":"αὐχήν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κόψας","gloss":"the neck"},{"surface":"κόψας","lemma":"κόπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τ̓","gloss":"striking off"}]},{"number":147,"label":"147","id":"b11-l147","source":"ὅλμον δʼ ὣς ἔσσευε κυλίνδεσθαι διʼ ὁμίλου.","translation":"and sent him rolling like a log through the throng.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l147.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὅλμον δʼ ὣς","title":"Rolling like a holmos","body":"A ὅλμος is a heavy rounded object, often understood here as a log or roller. The image makes Hippolochus' mutilated body tumble through the packed fighters like a blunt cylinder."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὅλμον","lemma":"ὅλμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"log"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ἔσσευε","lemma":"σεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent"},{"surface":"κυλίνδεσθαι","lemma":"κυλίνδω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἔσσευε","gloss":"rolling"},{"surface":"δι","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ὁμίλου","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of δἰ","gloss":"the throng"}]},{"number":148,"label":"148","id":"b11-l148","source":"τοὺς μὲν ἔασʼ· ὃ δʼ ὅθι πλεῖσται κλονέοντο φάλαγγες,","translation":"He left them; then where the battalions were driven thickest,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l148.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔασ̓","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔασ","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐνόρουσ̓","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κλονέοντο","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"πλεῖσται","lemma":"πλεῖστος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"most thickly"},{"surface":"κλονέοντο","lemma":"κλονέω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τῇ","gloss":"were in turmoil"},{"surface":"φάλαγγες","lemma":"φάλαγξ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of κλονέοντο","gloss":"battalions"}]},{"number":149,"label":"149","id":"b11-l149","source":"τῇ ῥʼ ἐνόρουσʼ, ἅμα δʼ ἄλλοι ἐϋκνήμιδες Ἀχαιοί.","translation":"there he leapt in, and with him the other well-greaved Achaeans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l149.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"τῇ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐνόρουσ̓","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐνόρουσ","lemma":"ἐνορούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"leapt in"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοί","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"ἐϋκνήμιδες","lemma":"ἐυκνήμις","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοί","gloss":"well-greaved"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":150,"label":"150","id":"b11-l150","source":"πεζοὶ μὲν πεζοὺς ὄλεκον φεύγοντας ἀνάγκῃ,","translation":"Footmen killed footmen fleeing under compulsion,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l150.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πεζοὶ","lemma":"πεζός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ὄλεκον","gloss":"footmen"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πεζοὺς","lemma":"πεζός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ὄλεκον","gloss":"footmen"},{"surface":"ὄλεκον","lemma":"ὀλέκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"φεύγοντας","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"fleeing"},{"surface":"ἀνάγκῃ","lemma":"ἀνάγκη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to φεύγοντας","gloss":"by force"}]},{"number":151,"label":"151","id":"b11-l151","source":"ἱππεῖς δʼ ἱππῆας· ὑπὸ δέ σφισιν ὦρτο κονίη","translation":"horsemen killed horsemen; beneath them dust rose","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l151.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἱππεῖς","lemma":"ἱππεύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"horsemen"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱππῆας","lemma":"ἱππεύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"horsemen"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφισιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὸ","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ὦρτο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"κονίη","lemma":"κονία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ὦρτο","gloss":"dust"}]},{"number":152,"label":"152","id":"b11-l152","source":"ἐκ πεδίου, τὴν ὦρσαν ἐρίγδουποι πόδες ἵππων","translation":"from the plain, raised by the thunderous hooves of horses,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l152.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πεδίου","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐκ","gloss":"the plain"},{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ὦρσαν","gloss":"the dust"},{"surface":"ὦρσαν","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing κονίη","gloss":"raised"},{"surface":"ἐρίγδουποι","lemma":"ἐρίγδουπος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόδες","gloss":"loud-thundering"},{"surface":"πόδες","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ὦρσαν","gloss":"hooves"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies πόδες","gloss":"of horses"}]},{"number":153,"label":"153","id":"b11-l153","source":"χαλκῷ δηϊόωντες· ἀτὰρ κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων","translation":"as the men laid waste with bronze; but the lord Agamemnon","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l153.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to δηϊόωντες","gloss":"with bronze"},{"surface":"δηϊόωντες","lemma":"δηιόω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ὦρσαν","gloss":"laying waste"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κρείων","lemma":"κρείων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"the lord"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕπετ̓","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":154,"label":"154","id":"b11-l154","source":"αἰὲν ἀποκτείνων ἕπετʼ Ἀργείοισι κελεύων.","translation":"followed, ever killing, and urged on the Argives.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l154.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰὲν","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀποκτείνων","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"ἀποκτείνων","lemma":"ἀποκτείνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕπετ̓","gloss":"killing"},{"surface":"ἕπετ","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"},{"surface":"Ἀργείοισι","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of κελεύων","gloss":"the Argives"},{"surface":"κελεύων","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕπετ̓","gloss":"urging on"}]},{"number":155,"label":"155","id":"b11-l155","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅτε πῦρ ἀΐδηλον ἐν ἀξύλῳ ἐμπέσῃ ὕλῃ,","translation":"As when consuming fire falls upon an uncut forest,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l155.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"πῦρ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐμπέσῃ","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"ἀΐδηλον","lemma":"ἀίδηλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πῦρ","gloss":"consuming"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ἀξύλῳ","lemma":"ἄξυλος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὕλῃ","gloss":"uncut"},{"surface":"ἐμπέσῃ","lemma":"ἐμπίπτω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"falls upon"},{"surface":"ὕλῃ","lemma":"ὕλη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"forest"}]},{"number":156,"label":"156","id":"b11-l156","source":"πάντῃ τʼ εἰλυφόων ἄνεμος φέρει, οἳ δέ τε θάμνοι","translation":"and the wind, veering everywhere, carries it on, and the thickets","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l156.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντῃ","lemma":"πάντῃ","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of φέρει","gloss":"everywhere"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἰλυφόων","lemma":"εἰλυφάζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to φέρει","gloss":"veering"},{"surface":"ἄνεμος","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of φέρει","gloss":"the wind"},{"surface":"φέρει","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"carries"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies θάμνοι","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"undefined","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θάμνοι","lemma":"θάμνος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of πίπτουσιν","gloss":"thickets"}]},{"number":157,"label":"157","id":"b11-l157","source":"πρόρριζοι πίπτουσιν ἐπειγόμενοι πυρὸς ὁρμῇ·","translation":"fall root and branch, beaten down by the fire's assault,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l157.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρόρριζοι","lemma":"πρόρριζος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"root and branch"},{"surface":"πίπτουσιν","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"fall"},{"surface":"ἐπειγόμενοι","lemma":"ἐπείγω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to πίπτουσιν","gloss":"driven onward"},{"surface":"πυρὸς","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ὁρμῇ","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"ὁρμῇ","lemma":"ὁρμή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπειγόμενοι","gloss":"assault"}]},{"number":158,"label":"158","id":"b11-l158","source":"ὣς ἄρʼ ὑπʼ Ἀτρεΐδῃ Ἀγαμέμνονι πῖπτε κάρηνα","translation":"so beneath Atreus' son Agamemnon fell the heads","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l158.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδῃ","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνονι","gloss":"Atreus' son"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνονι","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπ̓","gloss":"Agamemnon"},{"surface":"πῖπτε","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"κάρηνα","lemma":"κάρηνον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of πῖπτε","gloss":"heads"}]},{"number":159,"label":"159","id":"b11-l159","source":"Τρώων φευγόντων, πολλοὶ δʼ ἐριαύχενες ἵπποι","translation":"of fleeing Trojans, and many high-necked horses","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l159.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies κάρηνα","gloss":"of Trojans"},{"surface":"φευγόντων","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"present active participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"fleeing"},{"surface":"πολλοὶ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐριαύχενες","lemma":"ἐριαύχην","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"high-necked"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of κροτάλιζον","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":160,"label":"160","id":"b11-l160","source":"κείνʼ ὄχεα κροτάλιζον ἀνὰ πτολέμοιο γεφύρας","translation":"rattled empty chariots along the causeways of battle,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l160.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πτολέμοιο γεφύρας","title":"The causeways of battle","body":"Homer's “causeways of battle” are the lanes or contested ground across which the chariots run. The ancient image is difficult and remains deliberately concrete here, following the established rendering."}],"words":[{"surface":"κείν","lemma":"κει~νος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὄχεα","gloss":"empty"},{"surface":"ὄχεα","lemma":"ὄχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of κροτάλιζον","gloss":"chariots"},{"surface":"κροτάλιζον","lemma":"κροταλίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rattled"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"πτολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies γεφύρας","gloss":"of battle"},{"surface":"γεφύρας","lemma":"γέφυρα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀνὰ","gloss":"causeways"}]},{"number":161,"label":"161","id":"b11-l161","source":"ἡνιόχους ποθέοντες ἀμύμονας· οἳ δʼ ἐπὶ γαίῃ","translation":"longing for their blameless charioteers; but they upon the ground","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l161.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡνιόχους","lemma":"ἡνίοχος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ποθέοντες","gloss":"charioteers"},{"surface":"ποθέοντες","lemma":"ποθέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κροτάλιζον","gloss":"longing for"},{"surface":"ἀμύμονας","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἡνιόχους","gloss":"blameless"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κείατο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"γαίῃ","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"upon the ground"}]},{"number":162,"label":"162","id":"b11-l162","source":"κείατο, γύπεσσιν πολὺ φίλτεροι ἢ ἀλόχοισιν.","translation":"lay, far dearer to vultures than to their wives.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l162.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κείατο","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"γύπεσσιν","lemma":"γύψ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of φίλτεροι","gloss":"vultures"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"φίλτεροι","lemma":"φίλτερος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"dearer"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"ἀλόχοισιν","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἢ","gloss":"wives"}]},{"number":163,"label":"163","id":"b11-l163","source":"Ἕκτορα δʼ ἐκ βελέων ὕπαγε Ζεὺς ἔκ τε κονίης","translation":"But Zeus led Hector out of the missiles and the dust,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l163.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορα","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὕπαγε","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"βελέων","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"missiles"},{"surface":"ὕπαγε","lemma":"ὑπάγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led away"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὕπαγε","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ἔκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κονίης","lemma":"κονία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔκ","gloss":"the dust"}]},{"number":164,"label":"164","id":"b11-l164","source":"ἔκ τʼ ἀνδροκτασίης ἔκ θʼ αἵματος ἔκ τε κυδοιμοῦ·","translation":"out of the slaughter of men, the blood, and the battle-din;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l164.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνδροκτασίης","lemma":"ἀνδροκτασία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔκ","gloss":"slaughter"},{"surface":"ἔκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἵματος","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔκ","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"ἔκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κυδοιμοῦ","lemma":"κυδοιμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔκ","gloss":"battle-din"}]},{"number":165,"label":"165","id":"b11-l165","source":"Ἀτρεΐδης δʼ ἕπετο σφεδανὸν Δαναοῖσι κελεύων.","translation":"and the son of Atreus followed, fiercely urging on the Danaans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l165.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδης","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕπετο","gloss":"the son of Atreus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕπετο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"},{"surface":"σφεδανὸν","lemma":"σφεδανός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to κελεύων","gloss":"fiercely"},{"surface":"Δαναοῖσι","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κελεύων","gloss":"the Danaans"},{"surface":"κελεύων","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕπετο","gloss":"urging on"}]},{"number":166,"label":"166","id":"b11-l166","source":"οἳ δὲ παρʼ Ἴλου σῆμα παλαιοῦ Δαρδανίδαο","translation":"Past the tomb of old Ilus, son of Dardanus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l166.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐσσεύοντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"Ἴλου","lemma":"Ἶλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies σῆμα","gloss":"of Ilus"},{"surface":"σῆμα","lemma":"σῆμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to παῤ","gloss":"the tomb"},{"surface":"παλαιοῦ","lemma":"παλαιός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἴλου","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"Δαρδανίδαο","lemma":"Δαρδανίδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἴλου","gloss":"son of Dardanus"}]},{"number":167,"label":"167","id":"b11-l167","source":"μέσσον κὰπ πεδίον παρʼ ἐρινεὸν ἐσσεύοντο","translation":"across the middle of the plain, past the fig tree, they rushed,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l167.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μέσσον","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πεδίον","gloss":"the middle"},{"surface":"κὰπ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"across"},{"surface":"πεδίον","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κὰπ","gloss":"the plain"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"ἐρινεὸν","lemma":"ἐρινεός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to παῤ","gloss":"the fig tree"},{"surface":"ἐσσεύοντο","lemma":"σεύω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they rushed"}]},{"number":168,"label":"168","id":"b11-l168","source":"ἱέμενοι πόλιος· ὃ δὲ κεκλήγων ἕπετʼ αἰεὶ","translation":"straining for the city; and he followed always, shouting,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l168.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἱέμενοι","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐσσεύοντο","gloss":"straining for"},{"surface":"πόλιος","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἱέμενοι","gloss":"the city"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κεκλήγων","lemma":"κλάζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕπετ̓","gloss":"shouting aloud"},{"surface":"ἕπετ","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕπετ̓","gloss":"always"}]},{"number":169,"label":"169","id":"b11-l169","source":"Ἀτρεΐδης, λύθρῳ δὲ παλάσσετο χεῖρας ἀάπτους.","translation":"the son of Atreus, his irresistible hands splashed with gore.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l169.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"χεῖρας ἀάπτους","title":"Irresistible hands","body":"The recurring phrase calls the hands ἄαπτοι, literally not to be grasped or held back. The established rendering “irresistible hands” makes Agamemnon's unchecked force concrete while the gore upon them records what that force has done."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδης","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"λύθρῳ","lemma":"λύθρον","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of παλάσσετο","gloss":"gore"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παλάσσετο","lemma":"παλάσσω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was splashed"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of παλάσσετο","gloss":"his hands"},{"surface":"ἀάπτους","lemma":"ἄαπτος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χεῖρας","gloss":"irresistible"}]},{"number":170,"label":"170","id":"b11-l170","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ Σκαιάς τε πύλας καὶ φηγὸν ἵκοντο,","translation":"But when they reached the Scaean gates and the oak tree,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l170.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and now"},{"surface":"Σκαιάς","lemma":"Σκαιαί","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies πύλας","gloss":"Scaean"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πύλας","lemma":"πύλη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"gates"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φηγὸν","lemma":"φηγός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"oak tree"},{"surface":"ἵκοντο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"they reached"}]},{"number":171,"label":"171","id":"b11-l171","source":"ἔνθʼ ἄρα δὴ ἵσταντο καὶ ἀλλήλους ἀνέμιμνον.","translation":"there at last they stood and waited for one another.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l171.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵσταντο","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"ἵσταντο","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they stood"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλους","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀνέμιμνον","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"ἀνέμιμνον","lemma":"ἀναμίμνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"waited for"}]},{"number":172,"label":"172","id":"b11-l172","source":"οἳ δʼ ἔτι κὰμ μέσσον πεδίον φοβέοντο βόες ὥς,","translation":"Others still fled down the middle of the plain like cattle,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l172.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φοβέοντο","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φοβέοντο","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"κὰμ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"μέσσον","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πεδίον","gloss":"the middle"},{"surface":"πεδίον","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κὰμ","gloss":"the plain"},{"surface":"φοβέοντο","lemma":"φοβέω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were fleeing"},{"surface":"βόες","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"cattle"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"}]},{"number":173,"label":"173","id":"b11-l173","source":"ἅς τε λέων ἐφόβησε μολὼν ἐν νυκτὸς ἀμολγῷ","translation":"a whole herd a lion has scattered, coming in the dead of night;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l173.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἐφόβησε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"λέων","lemma":"λέων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐφόβησε","gloss":"a lion"},{"surface":"ἐφόβησε","lemma":"φοβέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing βόες","gloss":"scattered"},{"surface":"μολὼν","lemma":"βλώσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐφόβησε","gloss":"coming"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"νυκτὸς","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀμολγῷ","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"ἀμολγῷ","lemma":"ἀμολγός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"dead of night"}]},{"number":174,"label":"174","id":"b11-l174","source":"πάσας· τῇ δέ τʼ ἰῇ ἀναφαίνεται αἰπὺς ὄλεθρος·","translation":"but for one cow sheer destruction comes into view.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l174.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τῇ δέ τʼ ἰῇ","title":"One singled from the herd","body":"The feminine dative phrase means “for one of them.” After the lion scatters all the cattle, Homer narrows the simile to the single cow whose death now becomes visible and certain."}],"words":[{"surface":"πάσας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἅς","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἀναφαίνεται","gloss":"one cow"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἰῇ","lemma":"εἷς","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies τῇ","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ἀναφαίνεται","lemma":"ἀναφαίνω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"comes into view"},{"surface":"αἰπὺς","lemma":"αἰπύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄλεθρος","gloss":"sheer"},{"surface":"ὄλεθρος","lemma":"ὄλεθρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀναφαίνεται","gloss":"destruction"}]},{"number":175,"label":"175","id":"b11-l175","source":"τῆς δʼ ἐξ αὐχένʼ ἔαξε λαβὼν κρατεροῖσιν ὀδοῦσι","translation":"Seizing her, he first breaks her neck with his strong teeth,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l175.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῆς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies αὐχέν̓","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"utterly"},{"surface":"αὐχέν","lemma":"αὐχήν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔαξε","gloss":"neck"},{"surface":"ἔαξε","lemma":"ἄγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"breaks"},{"surface":"λαβὼν","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔαξε","gloss":"seizing"},{"surface":"κρατεροῖσιν","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀδοῦσι","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"ὀδοῦσι","lemma":"ὀδών","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to λαβὼν","gloss":"teeth"}]},{"number":176,"label":"176","id":"b11-l176","source":"πρῶτον, ἔπειτα δέ θʼ αἷμα καὶ ἔγκατα πάντα λαφύσσει·","translation":"then gulps down all her blood and entrails;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l176.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρῶτον","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λαφύσσει","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἷμα","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔγκατα","lemma":"ἔγκατα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"entrails"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγκατα","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"λαφύσσει","lemma":"λαφύσσω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gulps down"}]},{"number":177,"label":"177","id":"b11-l177","source":"ὣς τοὺς Ἀτρεΐδης ἔφεπε κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων","translation":"so the son of Atreus, the lord Agamemnon, pursued them,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l177.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφεπε","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔφεπε","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδης","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"ἔφεπε","lemma":"ἐφέπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pursued"},{"surface":"κρείων","lemma":"κρείων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"the lord"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔφεπε","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":178,"label":"178","id":"b11-l178","source":"αἰὲν ἀποκτείνων τὸν ὀπίστατον· οἳ δʼ ἐφέβοντο.","translation":"always killing the hindmost man, while the rest fled on.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l178.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰὲν","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀποκτείνων","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"ἀποκτείνων","lemma":"ἀποκτείνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔφεπε","gloss":"killing"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies ὀπίστατον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ὀπίστατον","lemma":"ὀπίστατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀποκτείνων","gloss":"hindmost"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐφέβοντο","gloss":"the rest"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"ἐφέβοντο","lemma":"φέβομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fled"}]},{"number":179,"label":"179","id":"b11-l179","source":"πολλοὶ δὲ πρηνεῖς τε καὶ ὕπτιοι ἔκπεσον ἵππων","translation":"Many fell headlong or backward from their chariots","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l179.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλοὶ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἔκπεσον","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πρηνεῖς","lemma":"πρηνής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"headlong"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ὕπτιοι","lemma":"ὕπτιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"backward"},{"surface":"ἔκπεσον","lemma":"ἐκπίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔκπεσον","gloss":"chariots"}]},{"number":180,"label":"180","id":"b11-l180","source":"Ἀτρεΐδεω ὑπὸ χερσί· περὶ πρὸ γὰρ ἔγχεϊ θῦεν.","translation":"beneath the son of Atreus' hands, for his spear raged far before him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l180.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδεω","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies χερσί","gloss":"the son of Atreus"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"χερσί","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὸ","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θῦεν","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"πρὸ","lemma":"πρό","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔγχεϊ","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to θῦεν","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"θῦεν","lemma":"θύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"raged"}]},{"number":181,"label":"181","id":"b11-l181","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ τάχʼ ἔμελλεν ὑπὸ πτόλιν αἰπύ τε τεῖχος","translation":"But when he was soon to come beneath the city and its steep wall,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l181.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"τάχ","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔμελλεν","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"ἔμελλεν","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"was about to"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"πτόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"the city"},{"surface":"αἰπύ","lemma":"αἰπύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεῖχος","gloss":"steep"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τεῖχος","lemma":"τεῖχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"wall"}]},{"number":182,"label":"182","id":"b11-l182","source":"ἵξεσθαι, τότε δή ῥα πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε","translation":"then the father of men and gods","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l182.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵξεσθαι","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ἔμελλεν","gloss":"would come"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καθέζετο","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καθέζετο","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":183,"label":"183","id":"b11-l183","source":"Ἴδης ἐν κορυφῇσι καθέζετο πιδηέσσης","translation":"sat upon the peaks of many-springed Ida,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l183.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πιδηέσσης","title":"Many-springed Ida","body":"The adjective πιδήεις marks Ida as rich in springs. Zeus takes his seat on the mountain's peaks above Troy, the same commanding landscape from which he has watched and directed the battle."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἴδης","lemma":"Ἴδη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies κορυφῇσι","gloss":"Ida"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"κορυφῇσι","lemma":"κορυφή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"the peaks"},{"surface":"καθέζετο","lemma":"καθέζομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"πιδηέσσης","lemma":"πιδήεις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἴδης","gloss":"many-springed"}]},{"number":184,"label":"184","id":"b11-l184","source":"οὐρανόθεν καταβάς· ἔχε δʼ ἀστεροπὴν μετὰ χερσίν.","translation":"having come down from heaven, and held the lightning in his hands.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l184.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐρανόθεν","lemma":"οὐρανόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of καταβάς","gloss":"from heaven"},{"surface":"καταβάς","lemma":"καταβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καθέζετο","gloss":"having come down"},{"surface":"ἔχε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀστεροπὴν","lemma":"ἀστεροπή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχε","gloss":"lightning"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χερσίν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"in his hands"}]},{"number":185,"label":"185","id":"b11-l185","source":"Ἶριν δʼ ὄτρυνε χρυσόπτερον ἀγγελέουσαν·","translation":"and urged golden-winged Iris to carry his message:","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l185.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἶριν","lemma":"Ἶρις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὄτρυνε","gloss":"Iris"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄτρυνε","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urged"},{"surface":"χρυσόπτερον","lemma":"χρυσόπτερος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἶριν","gloss":"gold-winged"},{"surface":"ἀγγελέουσαν","lemma":"ἀγγέλλω","morphology":"future active participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"carry his message"}]},{"number":186,"label":"186","id":"b11-l186","source":"βάσκʼ ἴθι Ἶρι ταχεῖα, τὸν Ἕκτορι μῦθον ἐνίσπες·","translation":"\"Go now, swift Iris, and tell this message to Hector:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l186.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"βάσκʼ ἴθι Ἶρι ταχεῖα","title":"A chain of commands","body":"Zeus opens with three imperative forms: βάσκε and ἴθι double two verbs of motion into one urgent “Go now,” before ἐνίσπες, “tell.” The piled commands give Iris no pause between receiving the order and carrying it to Hector."}],"words":[{"surface":"βάσκ","lemma":"βάσκω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"ἴθι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"Ἶρι","lemma":"Ἶρις","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Iris"},{"surface":"ταχεῖα","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"vocative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἶρι","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies μῦθον","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορι","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνίσπες","gloss":"to Hector"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνίσπες","gloss":"message"},{"surface":"ἐνίσπες","lemma":"ἐνέπω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell"}]},{"number":187,"label":"187","id":"b11-l187","source":"ὄφρʼ ἂν μέν κεν ὁρᾷ Ἀγαμέμνονα ποιμένα λαῶν","translation":"as long as he sees Agamemnon, shepherd of the people,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l187.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὄφρʼ ἂν μέν κεν","title":"As long as ... so long","body":"The temporal frame begins here with ὄφρα and is answered by τόφρα at line 189. Hector must hold back for precisely as long as Agamemnon remains visibly active in the front ranks."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"as long as"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"as long as"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"ὁρᾷ","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφῤ","gloss":"sees"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνονα","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὁρᾷ","gloss":"Agamemnon"},{"surface":"ποιμένα","lemma":"ποιμήν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνονα","gloss":"shepherd"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ποιμένα","gloss":"of the people"}]},{"number":188,"label":"188","id":"b11-l188","source":"θύνοντʼ ἐν προμάχοισιν ἐναίροντα στίχας ἀνδρῶν,","translation":"raging among the front ranks and slaying ranks of men,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l188.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θύνοντ","lemma":"θύνω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"charging"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"προμάχοισιν","lemma":"πρόμαχος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"front ranks"},{"surface":"ἐναίροντα","lemma":"ἐναίρω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"slaying"},{"surface":"στίχας","lemma":"στίξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐναίροντα","gloss":"ranks"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies στίχας","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":189,"label":"189","id":"b11-l189","source":"τόφρʼ ἀναχωρείτω, τὸν δʼ ἄλλον λαὸν ἀνώχθω","translation":"so long let him withdraw, but command the rest of the host","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l189.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόφρ","lemma":"τόφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀναχωρείτω","gloss":"so long"},{"surface":"ἀναχωρείτω","lemma":"ἀναχωρέω","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let him fall back"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies λαὸν","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄλλον","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λαὸν","gloss":"the rest"},{"surface":"λαὸν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνώχθω","gloss":"the host"},{"surface":"ἀνώχθω","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"perfect active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"command"}]},{"number":190,"label":"190","id":"b11-l190","source":"μάρνασθαι δηΐοισι κατὰ κρατερὴν ὑσμίνην.","translation":"to fight their foes throughout the mighty combat.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l190.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μάρνασθαι","lemma":"μάρναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἀνώχθω","gloss":"to fight"},{"surface":"δηΐοισι","lemma":"δάιος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of μάρνασθαι","gloss":"to their enemies"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"κρατερὴν","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὑσμίνην","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ὑσμίνην","lemma":"ὑσμίνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"combat"}]},{"number":191,"label":"191","id":"b11-l191","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεί κʼ ἢ δουρὶ τυπεὶς ἢ βλήμενος ἰῷ","translation":"But when, struck by a spear or hit by an arrow,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l191.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to τυπεὶς","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"τυπεὶς","lemma":"τύπτω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"βλήμενος","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ἰῷ","lemma":"ἰός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βλήμενος","gloss":"arrow"}]},{"number":192,"label":"192","id":"b11-l192","source":"εἰς ἵππους ἅλεται, τότε οἱ κράτος ἐγγυαλίξω","translation":"he leaps into his chariot, then I shall grant Hector strength","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l192.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"ἅλεται","lemma":"ἅλλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"he leaps"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐγγυαλίξω","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐγγυαλίξω","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"κράτος","lemma":"κράτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐγγυαλίξω","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"ἐγγυαλίξω","lemma":"ἐγγυαλίζω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall grant"}]},{"number":193,"label":"193","id":"b11-l193","source":"κτείνειν εἰς ὅ κε νῆας ἐϋσσέλμους ἀφίκηται","translation":"to kill until he reaches the well-benched ships","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l193.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κτείνειν","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"modifies κράτος","gloss":"to kill"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀφίκηται","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐϋσσέλμους","lemma":"εὔσελμος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"well-benched"},{"surface":"ἀφίκηται","lemma":"ἀφικνέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"he reaches"}]},{"number":194,"label":"194","id":"b11-l194","source":"δύῃ τʼ ἠέλιος καὶ ἐπὶ κνέφας ἱερὸν ἔλθῃ.","translation":"and the sun goes down and sacred darkness comes on.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l194.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δύῃ","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"goes down"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠέλιος","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δύῃ","gloss":"the sun"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"κνέφας","lemma":"κνέφας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔλθῃ","gloss":"darkness"},{"surface":"ἱερὸν","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κνέφας","gloss":"sacred"},{"surface":"ἔλθῃ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"comes"}]},{"number":195,"label":"195","id":"b11-l195","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησε ποδήνεμος ὠκέα Ἶρις,","translation":"So he spoke, and wind-footed swift Iris did not disobey,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l195.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ποδήνεμος ὠκέα Ἶρις","title":"Wind-footed swift Iris","body":"ποδήνεμος, “wind-footed,” is Iris' fuller speed epithet here. It remains distinct from the shorter πόδας ὠκέα Ἶρις, “swift-footed Iris,” used when she reaches Hector."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ἀπίθησε","lemma":"ἀπιθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did not disobey"},{"surface":"ποδήνεμος","lemma":"ποδήνεμος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἶρις","gloss":"wind-footed"},{"surface":"ὠκέα","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἶρις","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"Ἶρις","lemma":"Ἶρις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀπίθησε","gloss":"Iris"}]},{"number":196,"label":"196","id":"b11-l196","source":"βῆ δὲ κατʼ Ἰδαίων ὀρέων εἰς Ἴλιον ἱρήν.","translation":"but went down from the mountains of Ida to sacred Ilion.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l196.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"down from"},{"surface":"Ἰδαίων","lemma":"Ἰδαῖος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὀρέων","gloss":"of Ida"},{"surface":"ὀρέων","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of κατ̓","gloss":"mountains"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"Ilion"},{"surface":"ἱρήν","lemma":"ἱρός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἴλιον","gloss":"sacred"}]},{"number":197,"label":"197","id":"b11-l197","source":"εὗρʼ υἱὸν Πριάμοιο δαΐφρονος Ἕκτορα δῖον","translation":"She found the son of wise Priam, godlike Hector,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l197.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὗρ","lemma":"εὑρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she found"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"the son"},{"surface":"Πριάμοιο","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"of Priam"},{"surface":"δαΐφρονος","lemma":"δαίφρων","morphology":"genitive singular adjective","role":"modifies Πριάμοιο","gloss":"wise"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορα","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δῖον","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορα","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":198,"label":"198","id":"b11-l198","source":"ἑσταότʼ ἔν θʼ ἵπποισι καὶ ἅρμασι κολλητοῖσιν·","translation":"standing among his horses and well-jointed chariots;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l198.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἅρμασι κολλητοῖσιν","title":"Well-jointed chariots","body":"κολλητός describes parts joined closely and soundly together. The established “well-jointed” keeps this construction term distinct from other words rendered “close-fitted” or “smooth-running.”"}],"words":[{"surface":"ἑσταότ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"ἔν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵπποισι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅρμασι","lemma":"ἅρμα","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"chariots"},{"surface":"κολλητοῖσιν","lemma":"κολλητός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἅρμασι","gloss":"well-jointed"}]},{"number":199,"label":"199","id":"b11-l199","source":"ἀγχοῦ δʼ ἱσταμένη προσέφη πόδας ὠκέα Ἶρις·","translation":"Standing close by, swift-footed Iris spoke to him:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l199.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἀγχοῦ δʼ ἱσταμένη προσέφη πόδας ὠκέα Ἶρις","title":"A formula with a local object","body":"The Greek line does not state the object of προσέφη, so English must supply it from the scene. Here Iris addresses Hector, and the inherited formula therefore takes the masculine object “him.”"}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγχοῦ","lemma":"ἀγχοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἱσταμένη","gloss":"close by"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱσταμένη","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke to"},{"surface":"πόδας","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὠκέα","gloss":"footed"},{"surface":"ὠκέα","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἶρις","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"Ἶρις","lemma":"Ἶρις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Iris"}]},{"number":200,"label":"200","id":"b11-l200","source":"Ἕκτορ υἱὲ Πριάμοιο Διὶ μῆτιν ἀτάλαντε","translation":"\"Hector, son of Priam, the equal of Zeus in counsel,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l200.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"υἱὲ","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Πριάμοιο","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὲ","gloss":"of Priam"},{"surface":"Διὶ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀτάλαντε","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"μῆτιν","lemma":"μῆτις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀτάλαντε","gloss":"in counsel"},{"surface":"ἀτάλαντε","lemma":"ἀτάλαντος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορ","gloss":"the equal"}]},{"number":201,"label":"201","id":"b11-l201","source":"Ζεύς με πατὴρ προέηκε τεῒν τάδε μυθήσασθαι.","translation":"father Zeus sent me to tell you this:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l201.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεύς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προέηκε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεύς","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"προέηκε","lemma":"προίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent"},{"surface":"τεῒν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of μυθήσασθαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"τάδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of μυθήσασθαι","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"μυθήσασθαι","lemma":"μυθέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to προέηκε","gloss":"to tell"}]},{"number":202,"label":"202","id":"b11-l202","source":"ὄφρʼ ἂν μέν κεν ὁρᾷς Ἀγαμέμνονα ποιμένα λαῶν","translation":"as long as you see Agamemnon, shepherd of the people,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l202.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὁρᾷς","title":"The message shifts to you","body":"Iris faithfully reports Zeus' instruction but changes the third-person ὁρᾷ, “he sees,” to second-person ὁρᾷς, “you see.” The repeated message must preserve this grammatical shift because Hector is now the direct addressee."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"as long as"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"ὁρᾷς","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφῤ","gloss":"you see"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνονα","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Agamemnon"},{"surface":"ποιμένα","lemma":"ποιμήν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνονα","gloss":"shepherd"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ποιμένα","gloss":"of the people"}]},{"number":203,"label":"203","id":"b11-l203","source":"θύνοντʼ ἐν προμάχοισιν, ἐναίροντα στίχας ἀνδρῶν,","translation":"raging among the front ranks and slaying ranks of men,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l203.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θύνοντ","lemma":"θύνω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"charging"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"προμάχοισιν","lemma":"πρόμαχος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"front ranks"},{"surface":"ἐναίροντα","lemma":"ἐναίρω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"slaying"},{"surface":"στίχας","lemma":"στίξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐναίροντα","gloss":"ranks"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies στίχας","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":204,"label":"204","id":"b11-l204","source":"τόφρʼ ὑπόεικε μάχης, τὸν δʼ ἄλλον λαὸν ἄνωχθι","translation":"so long give ground from battle, but command the rest of the host","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l204.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόφρ","lemma":"τόφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"so long"},{"surface":"ὑπόεικε","lemma":"ὑπείκω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"give ground"},{"surface":"μάχης","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπόεικε","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies λαὸν","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄλλον","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λαὸν","gloss":"the rest"},{"surface":"λαὸν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄνωχθι","gloss":"the host"},{"surface":"ἄνωχθι","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"perfect active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"command"}]},{"number":205,"label":"205","id":"b11-l205","source":"μάρνασθαι δηΐοισι κατὰ κρατερὴν ὑσμίνην.","translation":"to fight their foes throughout the mighty combat.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l205.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μάρνασθαι","lemma":"μάρναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἄνωχθι","gloss":"to fight"},{"surface":"δηΐοισι","lemma":"δάιος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of μάρνασθαι","gloss":"to their enemies"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"κρατερὴν","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὑσμίνην","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ὑσμίνην","lemma":"ὑσμίνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"combat"}]},{"number":206,"label":"206","id":"b11-l206","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεί κʼ ἢ δουρὶ τυπεὶς ἢ βλήμενος ἰῷ","translation":"But when, struck by a spear or hit by an arrow,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l206.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to τυπεὶς","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"τυπεὶς","lemma":"τύπτω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"βλήμενος","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ἰῷ","lemma":"ἰός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βλήμενος","gloss":"arrow"}]},{"number":207,"label":"207","id":"b11-l207","source":"εἰς ἵππους ἅλεται, τότε τοι κράτος ἐγγυαλίξει","translation":"he leaps into his chariot, then Zeus will grant you strength","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l207.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τότε τοι κράτος ἐγγυαλίξει","title":"To him becomes to you","body":"Zeus promises οἱ, “to him,” when speaking about Hector; Iris reports the promise as τοι, “to you.” The giver remains Zeus, while the beneficiary shifts with the change from instruction to direct report."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"ἅλεται","lemma":"ἅλλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"he leaps"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐγγυαλίξει","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐγγυαλίξει","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"κράτος","lemma":"κράτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐγγυαλίξει","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"ἐγγυαλίξει","lemma":"ἐγγυαλίζω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will grant"}]},{"number":208,"label":"208","id":"b11-l208","source":"κτείνειν, εἰς ὅ κε νῆας ἐϋσσέλμους ἀφίκηαι","translation":"to kill until you reach the well-benched ships","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l208.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κτείνειν","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"modifies κράτος","gloss":"to kill"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀφίκηαι","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐϋσσέλμους","lemma":"εὔσελμος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"well-benched"},{"surface":"ἀφίκηαι","lemma":"ἀφικνέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"you reach"}]},{"number":209,"label":"209","id":"b11-l209","source":"δύῃ τʼ ἠέλιος καὶ ἐπὶ κνέφας ἱερὸν ἔλθῃ.","translation":"and the sun goes down and sacred darkness comes on.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l209.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δύῃ","lemma":"δύη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"goes down"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠέλιος","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δύῃ","gloss":"the sun"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"κνέφας","lemma":"κνέφας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔλθῃ","gloss":"darkness"},{"surface":"ἱερὸν","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κνέφας","gloss":"sacred"},{"surface":"ἔλθῃ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"comes"}]},{"number":210,"label":"210","id":"b11-l210","source":"ἣ μὲν ἄρʼ ὣς εἰποῦσʼ ἀπέβη πόδας ὠκέα Ἶρις,","translation":"So speaking, swift-footed Iris departed,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l210.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰποῦσ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰποῦσ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to ἀπέβη","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ἀπέβη","lemma":"ἀποβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"departed"},{"surface":"πόδας","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὠκέα","gloss":"footed"},{"surface":"ὠκέα","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἶρις","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"Ἶρις","lemma":"Ἶρις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Iris"}]},{"number":211,"label":"211","id":"b11-l211","source":"Ἕκτωρ δʼ ἐξ ὀχέων σὺν τεύχεσιν ἆλτο χαμᾶζε,","translation":"and Hector leapt from his chariot to the ground in his armor,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l211.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἆλτο","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὀχέων","lemma":"ὄχος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"his chariot"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"τεύχεσιν","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"in his armor"},{"surface":"ἆλτο","lemma":"ἅλλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"leapt"},{"surface":"χαμᾶζε","lemma":"χαμᾶζε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἆλτο","gloss":"to the ground"}]},{"number":212,"label":"212","id":"b11-l212","source":"πάλλων δʼ ὀξέα δοῦρα κατὰ στρατὸν ᾤχετο πάντῃ","translation":"and, brandishing his sharp spears, went everywhere through the army,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l212.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάλλων","lemma":"πάλλω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ᾤχετο","gloss":"brandishing"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀξέα","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δοῦρα","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"δοῦρα","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πάλλων","gloss":"spears"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"στρατὸν","lemma":"στρατός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"the army"},{"surface":"ᾤχετο","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"πάντῃ","lemma":"πάντῃ","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ᾤχετο","gloss":"everywhere"}]},{"number":213,"label":"213","id":"b11-l213","source":"ὀτρύνων μαχέσασθαι, ἔγειρε δὲ φύλοπιν αἰνήν.","translation":"urging them to fight, and stirred the dreadful din of battle.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l213.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀτρύνων","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ᾤχετο","gloss":"urging"},{"surface":"μαχέσασθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ὀτρύνων","gloss":"to fight"},{"surface":"ἔγειρε","lemma":"ἐγείρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stirred"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φύλοπιν","lemma":"φύλοπις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔγειρε","gloss":"battle-din"},{"surface":"αἰνήν","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies φύλοπιν","gloss":"dreadful"}]},{"number":214,"label":"214","id":"b11-l214","source":"οἳ δʼ ἐλελίχθησαν καὶ ἐναντίοι ἔσταν Ἀχαιῶν,","translation":"They wheeled about and stood facing the Achaeans;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l214.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐλελίχθησαν","lemma":"ἐλελίζω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wheeled about"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐναντίοι","lemma":"ἐναντίος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"facing"},{"surface":"ἔσταν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐναντίοι","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":215,"label":"215","id":"b11-l215","source":"Ἀργεῖοι δʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἐκαρτύναντο φάλαγγας.","translation":"and the Argives on the other side strengthened their battalions.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l215.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργεῖοι","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐκαρτύναντο","gloss":"the Argives"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑτέρωθεν","lemma":"ἑτέρωθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐκαρτύναντο","gloss":"on the other side"},{"surface":"ἐκαρτύναντο","lemma":"κρατύνω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"strengthened"},{"surface":"φάλαγγας","lemma":"φάλαγξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκαρτύναντο","gloss":"battalions"}]},{"number":216,"label":"216","id":"b11-l216","source":"ἀρτύνθη δὲ μάχη, στὰν δʼ ἀντίοι· ἐν δʼ Ἀγαμέμνων","translation":"Battle was arrayed, and they stood opposed; among them Agamemnon","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l216.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀρτύνθη","lemma":"ἀρτύνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was arrayed"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάχη","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀρτύνθη","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"στὰν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀντίοι","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"opposed"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὄρουσ̓","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":217,"label":"217","id":"b11-l217","source":"πρῶτος ὄρουσʼ, ἔθελεν δὲ πολὺ προμάχεσθαι ἁπάντων.","translation":"sprang first, for he wished to fight far ahead of all.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l217.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρῶτος","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ὄρουσ","lemma":"ὀρούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"leapt"},{"surface":"ἔθελεν","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wished"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to προμάχεσθαι","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"προμάχεσθαι","lemma":"προμάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἔθελεν","gloss":"to fight in front"},{"surface":"ἁπάντων","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of προμάχεσθαι","gloss":"of all"}]},{"number":218,"label":"218","id":"b11-l218","source":"ἔσπετε νῦν μοι Μοῦσαι Ὀλύμπια δώματʼ ἔχουσαι","translation":"Tell me now, Muses, who hold your homes on Olympus —","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l218.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσπετε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell me"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσπετε","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔσπετε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"Μοῦσαι","lemma":"Μοῦσα","morphology":"vocative plural feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Muses"},{"surface":"Ὀλύμπια","lemma":"Ὀλύμπιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δώματ̓","gloss":"of Olympus"},{"surface":"δώματ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχουσαι","gloss":"homes"},{"surface":"ἔχουσαι","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, vocative plural feminine","role":"modifies Μοῦσαι","gloss":"who hold"}]},{"number":219,"label":"219","id":"b11-l219","source":"ὅς τις δὴ πρῶτος Ἀγαμέμνονος ἀντίον ἦλθεν","translation":"who first came against Agamemnon,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l219.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦλθεν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πρῶτος","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνονος","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀντίον","gloss":"Agamemnon"},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"ἦλθεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἔσπετε","gloss":"came"}]},{"number":220,"label":"220","id":"b11-l220","source":"ἢ αὐτῶν Τρώων ἠὲ κλειτῶν ἐπικούρων.","translation":"whether one of the Trojans themselves or of their famous allies.","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l220.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"αὐτῶν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρώων","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἠὲ","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἠέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"κλειτῶν","lemma":"κλειτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐπικούρων","gloss":"famous"},{"surface":"ἐπικούρων","lemma":"ἐπίκουρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἠὲ","gloss":"allies"}]},{"number":221,"label":"221","id":"b11-l221","source":"Ἰφιδάμας Ἀντηνορίδης ἠΰς τε μέγας τε","translation":"It was Iphidamas, son of Antenor, both noble and tall,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l221.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἰφιδάμας","lemma":"Ἰφιδάμας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Iphidamas"},{"surface":"Ἀντηνορίδης","lemma":"Ἀντηνορίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἰφιδάμας","gloss":"son of Antenor"},{"surface":"ἠΰς","lemma":"ἐύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέγας","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":222,"label":"222","id":"b11-l222","source":"ὃς τράφη ἐν Θρῄκῃ ἐριβώλακι μητέρι μήλων·","translation":"who was raised in Thrace of the rich soil, mother of flocks.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l222.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τράφη","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τράφη","lemma":"τρέφω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἰφιδάμας","gloss":"was reared"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Θρῄκῃ","lemma":"Θρᾴκη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"Thrace"},{"surface":"ἐριβώλακι","lemma":"ἐριβω~λαξ","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Θρῄκῃ","gloss":"rich-soiled"},{"surface":"μητέρι","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"μήλων","lemma":"μῆλον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"modifies μητέρι","gloss":"of flocks"}]},{"number":223,"label":"223","id":"b11-l223","source":"Κισσῆς τόν γʼ ἔθρεψε δόμοις ἔνι τυτθὸν ἐόντα","translation":"Cisseus raised him in his halls when he was little,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l223.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Κισσῆς","lemma":"Κισσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Cisseus"},{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔθρεψε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔθρεψε","lemma":"τρέφω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"raised"},{"surface":"δόμοις","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔνι","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"ἔνι","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"τυτθὸν","lemma":"τυτθός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being little"}]},{"number":224,"label":"224","id":"b11-l224","source":"μητροπάτωρ, ὃς τίκτε Θεανὼ καλλιπάρῃον·","translation":"his mother's father, who begot fair-cheeked Theano;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l224.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μητροπάτωρ","title":"His mother's father","body":"μητροπάτωρ is the precise compound “mother's father”: Cisseus is Iphidamas' maternal grandfather. Because Cisseus later gives him his own daughter, Iphidamas' bride is also his maternal aunt."}],"words":[{"surface":"μητροπάτωρ","lemma":"μητροπάτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"mother’s father"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τίκτε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τίκτε","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"begot"},{"surface":"Θεανὼ","lemma":"Θεανώ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τίκτε","gloss":"Theano"},{"surface":"καλλιπάρῃον","lemma":"καλλιπάρηος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Θεανὼ","gloss":"fair-cheeked"}]},{"number":225,"label":"225","id":"b11-l225","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεί ῥʼ ἥβης ἐρικυδέος ἵκετο μέτρον,","translation":"but when he reached the full measure of glorious youth,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l225.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἥβης","lemma":"ἥβη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies μέτρον","gloss":"youth"},{"surface":"ἐρικυδέος","lemma":"ἐρικυδής","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἥβης","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"ἵκετο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"μέτρον","lemma":"μέτρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἵκετο","gloss":"full measure"}]},{"number":226,"label":"226","id":"b11-l226","source":"αὐτοῦ μιν κατέρυκε, δίδου δʼ ὅ γε θυγατέρα ἥν·","translation":"he kept him there and gave him his own daughter,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l226.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατέρυκε","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κατέρυκε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"κατέρυκε","lemma":"κατερύκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kept there"},{"surface":"δίδου","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δίδου","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"θυγατέρα","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δίδου","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"ἥν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies θυγατέρα","gloss":"his own"}]},{"number":227,"label":"227","id":"b11-l227","source":"γήμας δʼ ἐκ θαλάμοιο μετὰ κλέος ἵκετʼ Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"yet once married he left the bridal chamber and came after the Achaeans' fame","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l227.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γήμας","lemma":"γαμέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἵκετ̓","gloss":"having married"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"θαλάμοιο","lemma":"θάλαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"chamber"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"κλέος","lemma":"κλέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ἵκετ","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κλέος","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":228,"label":"228","id":"b11-l228","source":"σὺν δυοκαίδεκα νηυσὶ κορωνίσιν, αἵ οἱ ἕποντο.","translation":"with twelve curved ships that followed him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l228.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νηυσὶ κορωνίσιν","title":"Curved ships","body":"κορωνίς describes the ships by their curved or hooked form, probably their rising ends. This is a distinct ship epithet and is not folded into the established black, hollow, balanced, or swift ship formulas."}],"words":[{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"δυοκαίδεκα","lemma":"δυοκαίδεκα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies νηυσὶ","gloss":"twelve"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"κορωνίσιν","lemma":"κορωνίς","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶ","gloss":"curved"},{"surface":"αἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕποντο","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἕποντο","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἕποντο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing νηυσὶ","gloss":"followed"}]},{"number":229,"label":"229","id":"b11-l229","source":"τὰς μὲν ἔπειτʼ ἐν Περκώτῃ λίπε νῆας ἐΐσας,","translation":"Those balanced ships he then left at Percote,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l229.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὰς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λίπε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Περκώτῃ","lemma":"Περκώτη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"Percote"},{"surface":"λίπε","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐΐσας","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"balanced"}]},{"number":230,"label":"230","id":"b11-l230","source":"αὐτὰρ ὃ πεζὸς ἐὼν ἐς Ἴλιον εἰληλούθει·","translation":"while he himself had come on foot to Ilion;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l230.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἰληλούθει","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"πεζὸς","lemma":"πεζός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"on foot"},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἰληλούθει","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Ilion"},{"surface":"εἰληλούθει","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had come"}]},{"number":231,"label":"231","id":"b11-l231","source":"ὅς ῥα τότʼ Ἀτρεΐδεω Ἀγαμέμνονος ἀντίον ἦλθεν.","translation":"and he it was who then came against Atreus' son Agamemnon.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l231.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦλθεν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τότ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦλθεν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδεω","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνονος","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνονος","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀντίον","gloss":"Agamemnon"},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"ἦλθεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"}]},{"number":232,"label":"232","id":"b11-l232","source":"οἳ δʼ ὅτε δὴ σχεδὸν ἦσαν ἐπʼ ἀλλήλοισιν ἰόντες,","translation":"Now when they had come near, advancing on one another,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l232.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦσαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"σχεδὸν","lemma":"σχεδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦσαν","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἦσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλοισιν","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"ἰόντες","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦσαν","gloss":"advancing"}]},{"number":233,"label":"233","id":"b11-l233","source":"Ἀτρεΐδης μὲν ἅμαρτε, παραὶ δέ οἱ ἐτράπετʼ ἔγχος,","translation":"the son of Atreus missed, and his spear turned aside from him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l233.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδης","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἅμαρτε","gloss":"the son of Atreus"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἅμαρτε","lemma":"ἁμαρτάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"missed"},{"surface":"παραὶ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"from him"},{"surface":"ἐτράπετ","lemma":"τρέπω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"turned aside"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐτράπετ̓","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":234,"label":"234","id":"b11-l234","source":"Ἰφιδάμας δὲ κατὰ ζώνην θώρηκος ἔνερθε","translation":"but Iphidamas stabbed him at the belt below the corselet,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l234.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἰφιδάμας","lemma":"Ἰφιδάμας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of νύξ̓","gloss":"Iphidamas"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ζώνην","lemma":"ζώνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"belt"},{"surface":"θώρηκος","lemma":"θώραξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔνερθε","gloss":"corselet"},{"surface":"ἔνερθε","lemma":"ἔνερθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"}]},{"number":235,"label":"235","id":"b11-l235","source":"νύξʼ, ἐπὶ δʼ αὐτὸς ἔρεισε βαρείῃ χειρὶ πιθήσας·","translation":"and leaned his weight upon it, trusting in his heavy hand;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l235.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νύξ","lemma":"νύσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stabbed"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ἔρεισε","lemma":"ἐρείδω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"leaned his weight"},{"surface":"βαρείῃ","lemma":"βαρύς","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χειρὶ","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"χειρὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πιθήσας","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"πιθήσας","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔρεισε","gloss":"trusting"}]},{"number":236,"label":"236","id":"b11-l236","source":"οὐδʼ ἔτορε ζωστῆρα παναίολον, ἀλλὰ πολὺ πρὶν","translation":"yet he did not pierce the gleaming belt, but long before that,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l236.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ζωστῆρα παναίολον","title":"The gleaming war-belt","body":"The ζωστήρ is the outer war-belt worn with the corselet. Here its gleaming metalwork stops Iphidamas' thrust before the point can reach Agamemnon's body."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔτορε","lemma":"τορέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pierced"},{"surface":"ζωστῆρα","lemma":"ζωστήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔτορε","gloss":"belt"},{"surface":"παναίολον","lemma":"παναίολος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ζωστῆρα","gloss":"gleaming"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐτράπετ̓","gloss":"before"}]},{"number":237,"label":"237","id":"b11-l237","source":"ἀργύρῳ ἀντομένη μόλιβος ὣς ἐτράπετʼ αἰχμή.","translation":"meeting silver, the point was turned aside like lead.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l237.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀργύρῳ ἀντομένη μόλιβος ὣς","title":"Silver turns the spear","body":"The spearpoint meets the belt's silver and turns aside “like lead.” Homer makes the failed penetration physical: the softer-metal comparison belongs to the deflected point, not to Agamemnon's flesh or armor as a whole."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀργύρῳ","lemma":"ἄργυρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀντομένη","gloss":"silver"},{"surface":"ἀντομένη","lemma":"ἄντομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἐτράπετ̓","gloss":"meeting"},{"surface":"μόλιβος","lemma":"μόλιβος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"lead"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ἐτράπετ","lemma":"τρέπω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"turned aside"},{"surface":"αἰχμή","lemma":"αἰχμή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐτράπετ̓","gloss":"point"}]},{"number":238,"label":"238","id":"b11-l238","source":"καὶ τό γε χειρὶ λαβὼν εὐρὺ κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων","translation":"Then the wide-ruling lord Agamemnon seized the spear in his hand","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l238.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τό","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of λαβὼν","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"χειρὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to λαβὼν","gloss":"in his hand"},{"surface":"λαβὼν","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕλκ̓","gloss":"grasping"},{"surface":"εὐρὺ","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"wide-ruling"},{"surface":"κρείων","lemma":"κρείων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"ruling lord"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":239,"label":"239","id":"b11-l239","source":"ἕλκʼ ἐπὶ οἷ μεμαὼς ὥς τε λίς, ἐκ δʼ ἄρα χειρὸς","translation":"and pulled it toward himself, raging like a lion, and from Iphidamas' hand","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l239.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕλκ","lemma":"ἕλκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pulled"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"οἷ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"μεμαὼς","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕλκ̓","gloss":"raging"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λίς","lemma":"λίς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"lion"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"χειρὸς","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"hand"}]},{"number":240,"label":"240","id":"b11-l240","source":"σπάσσατο· τὸν δʼ ἄορι πλῆξʼ αὐχένα, λῦσε δὲ γυῖα.","translation":"wrenched it; then struck his neck with the sword and loosed his limbs.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l240.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σπάσσατο","lemma":"σπάω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pulled out"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πλῆξ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄορι","lemma":"ἄορ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to πλῆξ̓","gloss":"with his sword"},{"surface":"πλῆξ","lemma":"πλήσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"αὐχένα","lemma":"αὐχήν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πλῆξ̓","gloss":"neck"},{"surface":"λῦσε","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"loosed"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γυῖα","lemma":"γυῖον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of λῦσε","gloss":"his limbs"}]},{"number":241,"label":"241","id":"b11-l241","source":"ὣς ὃ μὲν αὖθι πεσὼν κοιμήσατο χάλκεον ὕπνον","translation":"So he fell there and slept a bronze sleep,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l241.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"χάλκεον ὕπνον","title":"A bronze sleep","body":"“Bronze sleep” is a death-image made from the weapon that brings it. The phrase keeps the killing material in view even as death is described as sleep."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κοιμήσατο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κοιμήσατο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"αὖθι","lemma":"αὖθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πεσὼν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"πεσὼν","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κοιμήσατο","gloss":"having fallen"},{"surface":"κοιμήσατο","lemma":"κοιμάω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slept"},{"surface":"χάλκεον","lemma":"χάλκεος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὕπνον","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ὕπνον","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κοιμήσατο","gloss":"sleep"}]},{"number":242,"label":"242","id":"b11-l242","source":"οἰκτρὸς ἀπὸ μνηστῆς ἀλόχου, ἀστοῖσιν ἀρήγων,","translation":"pitiful, far from his wedded wife, while aiding his countrymen,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l242.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἰκτρὸς","lemma":"οἰκτρός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"pitiful"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"far from"},{"surface":"μνηστῆς","lemma":"μνηστός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλόχου","gloss":"wedded"},{"surface":"ἀλόχου","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπὸ","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"ἀστοῖσιν","lemma":"ἀστός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀρήγων","gloss":"countrymen"},{"surface":"ἀρήγων","lemma":"ἀρήγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κοιμήσατο","gloss":"aiding"}]},{"number":243,"label":"243","id":"b11-l243","source":"κουριδίης, ἧς οὔ τι χάριν ἴδε, πολλὰ δʼ ἔδωκε·","translation":"his lawful bride, whose joy he never knew, though he gave much for her:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l243.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κουριδίης","lemma":"κουρίδιος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλόχου","gloss":"wedded"},{"surface":"ἧς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies χάριν","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"χάριν","lemma":"χάρις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἴδε","gloss":"joy"},{"surface":"ἴδε","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔδωκε","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἔδωκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"he gave"}]},{"number":244,"label":"244","id":"b11-l244","source":"πρῶθʼ ἑκατὸν βοῦς δῶκεν, ἔπειτα δὲ χίλιʼ ὑπέστη","translation":"first he gave a hundred cattle, then promised a thousand","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l244.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρῶθ","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to δῶκεν","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ἑκατὸν","lemma":"ἑκατόν","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies βοῦς","gloss":"a hundred"},{"surface":"βοῦς","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δῶκεν","gloss":"cattle"},{"surface":"δῶκεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he gave"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὑπέστη","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"χίλι","lemma":"χίλιοι","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"ὑπέστη","lemma":"ὑφίστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he promised"}]},{"number":245,"label":"245","id":"b11-l245","source":"αἶγας ὁμοῦ καὶ ὄϊς, τά οἱ ἄσπετα ποιμαίνοντο.","translation":"goats and sheep together, which were pastured for him beyond count.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l245.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶγας","lemma":"αἴξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"goats"},{"surface":"ὁμοῦ","lemma":"ὁμοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄϊς","lemma":"ὄις","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"sheep"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ποιμαίνοντο","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ποιμαίνοντο","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"ἄσπετα","lemma":"ἄσπετος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"beyond count"},{"surface":"ποιμαίνοντο","lemma":"ποιμαίνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"were pastured"}]},{"number":246,"label":"246","id":"b11-l246","source":"δὴ τότε γʼ Ἀτρεΐδης Ἀγαμέμνων ἐξενάριξε,","translation":"Then Atreus' son Agamemnon stripped him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l246.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐξενάριξε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδης","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"Atreus' son"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"Agamemnon"},{"surface":"ἐξενάριξε","lemma":"ἐξεναρίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slew and stripped"}]},{"number":247,"label":"247","id":"b11-l247","source":"βῆ δὲ φέρων ἀνʼ ὅμιλον Ἀχαιῶν τεύχεα καλά.","translation":"and went through the Achaean throng carrying his fine armor.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l247.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φέρων","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"carrying"},{"surface":"ἀν","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ὅμιλον","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀν̓","gloss":"throng"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὅμιλον","gloss":"Achaean"},{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of φέρων","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"καλά","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"fine"}]},{"number":248,"label":"248","id":"b11-l248","source":"τὸν δʼ ὡς οὖν ἐνόησε Κόων ἀριδείκετος ἀνδρῶν","translation":"But when Coon, distinguished among men, saw him,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l248.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐνόησε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐνόησε","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"Κόων","lemma":"Κόων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐνόησε","gloss":"Coon"},{"surface":"ἀριδείκετος","lemma":"ἀριδείκετος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Κόων","gloss":"distinguished"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀριδείκετος","gloss":"among men"}]},{"number":249,"label":"249","id":"b11-l249","source":"πρεσβυγενὴς Ἀντηνορίδης, κρατερόν ῥά ἑ πένθος","translation":"the elder son of Antenor, mighty grief","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l249.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρεσβυγενὴς","lemma":"πρεσβυγενής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀντηνορίδης","gloss":"elder-born"},{"surface":"Ἀντηνορίδης","lemma":"Ἀντηνορίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Κόων","gloss":"Antenor's son"},{"surface":"κρατερόν","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πένθος","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἑ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐκάλυψε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"πένθος","lemma":"πένθος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐκάλυψε","gloss":"grief"}]},{"number":250,"label":"250","id":"b11-l250","source":"ὀφθαλμοὺς ἐκάλυψε κασιγνήτοιο πεσόντος.","translation":"covered his eyes at the sight of his fallen brother.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l250.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀφθαλμοὺς","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀριδείκετος","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"ἐκάλυψε","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"covered"},{"surface":"κασιγνήτοιο","lemma":"κασίγνητος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πένθος","gloss":"brother"},{"surface":"πεσόντος","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"fallen"}]},{"number":251,"label":"251","id":"b11-l251","source":"στῆ δʼ εὐρὰξ σὺν δουρὶ λαθὼν Ἀγαμέμνονα δῖον,","translation":"He stood to one side with his spear, unseen by godlike Agamemnon,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l251.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"εὐρὰξ","title":"Striking from the side","body":"εὐράξ places Coon sideways or on Agamemnon's flank. He does not meet the king head-on: he takes an unseen position and drives the spear into the arm from there."}],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὐρὰξ","lemma":"εὐράξ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to στῆ","gloss":"to one side"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"with his spear"},{"surface":"λαθὼν","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to στῆ","gloss":"unseen"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνονα","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λαθὼν","gloss":"Agamemnon"},{"surface":"δῖον","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνονα","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":252,"label":"252","id":"b11-l252","source":"νύξε δέ μιν κατὰ χεῖρα μέσην ἀγκῶνος ἔνερθε,","translation":"and stabbed him through the middle of the arm, below the elbow;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l252.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νύξε","lemma":"νύσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stabbed"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of νύξε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"χεῖρα","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"arm"},{"surface":"μέσην","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"ἀγκῶνος","lemma":"ἀγκών","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔνερθε","gloss":"elbow"},{"surface":"ἔνερθε","lemma":"ἔνερθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"}]},{"number":253,"label":"253","id":"b11-l253","source":"ἀντικρὺ δὲ διέσχε φαεινοῦ δουρὸς ἀκωκή.","translation":"and the point of the shining spear passed clean through.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l253.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀντικρὺ δὲ διέσχε","title":"The point passes through","body":"ἀντικρύ marks a through-and-through wound: the spearpoint does not merely lodge in Agamemnon's arm but emerges on the far side. The later pain belongs to this precise injury below the elbow."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀντικρὺ","lemma":"ἀντικρύ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διέσχε","gloss":"straight through"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"διέσχε","lemma":"διέχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pierced through"},{"surface":"φαεινοῦ","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δουρὸς","gloss":"shining"},{"surface":"δουρὸς","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ἀκωκή","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"ἀκωκή","lemma":"ἀκωκή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of διέσχε","gloss":"point"}]},{"number":254,"label":"254","id":"b11-l254","source":"ῥίγησέν τʼ ἄρʼ ἔπειτα ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων·","translation":"Then Agamemnon, lord of men, shuddered;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l254.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥίγησέν","lemma":"ῥιγέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shuddered"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ῥίγησέν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄναξ","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ῥίγησέν","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":255,"label":"255","id":"b11-l255","source":"ἀλλʼ οὐδʼ ὧς ἀπέληγε μάχης ἠδὲ πτολέμοιο,","translation":"but not even then did he cease from battle and war,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l255.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὧς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπέληγε","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἀπέληγε","lemma":"ἀπολήγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ceased"},{"surface":"μάχης","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πτολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"war"}]},{"number":256,"label":"256","id":"b11-l256","source":"ἀλλʼ ἐπόρουσε Κόωνι ἔχων ἀνεμοτρεφὲς ἔγχος.","translation":"but rushed upon Coon with his wind-nurtured spear.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l256.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπόρουσε","lemma":"ἐπορούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"charged"},{"surface":"Κόωνι","lemma":"Κόων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπόρουσε","gloss":"Coon"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπόρουσε","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"ἀνεμοτρεφὲς","lemma":"ἀνεμοτρεφής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"wind-nurtured"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχων","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":257,"label":"257","id":"b11-l257","source":"ἤτοι ὃ Ἰφιδάμαντα κασίγνητον καὶ ὄπατρον","translation":"Coon was dragging Iphidamas, his brother by the same father,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l257.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕλκε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"Ἰφιδάμαντα","lemma":"Ἰφιδάμας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Iphidamas"},{"surface":"κασίγνητον","lemma":"κασίγνητος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"his brother"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄπατρον","lemma":"ὄπατρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"same-fathered"}]},{"number":258,"label":"258","id":"b11-l258","source":"ἕλκε ποδὸς μεμαώς, καὶ ἀΰτει πάντας ἀρίστους·","translation":"eagerly by the foot, and calling to all the champions;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l258.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕλκε","lemma":"ἕλκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dragged"},{"surface":"ποδὸς","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕλκε","gloss":"by the foot"},{"surface":"μεμαώς","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕλκε","gloss":"eagerly"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀΰτει","lemma":"ἀυτέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called to"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀρίστους","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀρίστους","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀΰτει","gloss":"champions"}]},{"number":259,"label":"259","id":"b11-l259","source":"τὸν δʼ ἕλκοντʼ ἀνʼ ὅμιλον ὑπʼ ἀσπίδος ὀμφαλοέσσης","translation":"and as he dragged him through the throng beneath his bossed shield, Agamemnon struck","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l259.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of οὔτησε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕλκοντ","lemma":"ἕλκω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"dragged"},{"surface":"ἀν","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ὅμιλον","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀν̓","gloss":"the throng"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"ἀσπίδος","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπ̓","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"ὀμφαλοέσσης","lemma":"ὀμφαλόεις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀσπίδος","gloss":"bossed"}]},{"number":260,"label":"260","id":"b11-l260","source":"οὔτησε ξυστῷ χαλκήρεϊ, λῦσε δὲ γυῖα·","translation":"with his bronze-shod spear, and loosed his limbs.","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l260.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔτησε","lemma":"οὐτάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stabbed"},{"surface":"ξυστῷ","lemma":"ξυστός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"χαλκήρεϊ","lemma":"χαλκήρης","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"bronze-shod"},{"surface":"λῦσε","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"loosed"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γυῖα","lemma":"γυῖον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of λῦσε","gloss":"his limbs"}]},{"number":261,"label":"261","id":"b11-l261","source":"τοῖο δʼ ἐπʼ Ἰφιδάμαντι κάρη ἀπέκοψε παραστάς.","translation":"Then, standing over Iphidamas, he cut off Coon's head.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l261.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖο","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies κάρη","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"Ἰφιδάμαντι","lemma":"Ἰφιδάμας","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπ̓","gloss":"Iphidamas"},{"surface":"κάρη","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπέκοψε","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"ἀπέκοψε","lemma":"ἀποκόπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cut off"},{"surface":"παραστάς","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπέκοψε","gloss":"standing over"}]},{"number":262,"label":"262","id":"b11-l262","source":"ἔνθʼ Ἀντήνορος υἷες ὑπʼ Ἀτρεΐδῃ βασιλῆϊ","translation":"There the sons of Antenor, beneath the son of Atreus, the king,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l262.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔδυν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"Ἀντήνορος","lemma":"Ἀντήνωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἷες","gloss":"of Antenor"},{"surface":"υἷες","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔδυν","gloss":"the sons"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδῃ","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπ̓","gloss":"the son of Atreus"},{"surface":"βασιλῆϊ","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀτρεΐδῃ","gloss":"king"}]},{"number":263,"label":"263","id":"b11-l263","source":"πότμον ἀναπλήσαντες ἔδυν δόμον Ἄϊδος εἴσω.","translation":"fulfilled their fate and went down into the house of Hades.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l263.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πότμον ἀναπλήσαντες","title":"Fulfilling their fate","body":"The idiom says that the brothers “filled up” or fulfilled their allotted fate. Their deaths are then pictured as a descent into Hades' house, preserving both parts of Homer's closing formula."}],"words":[{"surface":"πότμον","lemma":"πότμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀναπλήσαντες","gloss":"fate"},{"surface":"ἀναπλήσαντες","lemma":"ἀναπίμπλημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔδυν","gloss":"having fulfilled"},{"surface":"ἔδυν","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went down"},{"surface":"δόμον","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἴσω","gloss":"the house"},{"surface":"Ἄϊδος","lemma":"Ἀΐδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δόμον","gloss":"of Hades"},{"surface":"εἴσω","lemma":"εἴσω","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"}]},{"number":264,"label":"264","id":"b11-l264","source":"αὐτὰρ ὃ τῶν ἄλλων ἐπεπωλεῖτο στίχας ἀνδρῶν","translation":"But he ranged through the ranks of the other men","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l264.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but he"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπεπωλεῖτο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"ἐπεπωλεῖτο","lemma":"ἐπιπωλέομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ranged along"},{"surface":"στίχας","lemma":"στίξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπεπωλεῖτο","gloss":"ranks"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies στίχας","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":265,"label":"265","id":"b11-l265","source":"ἔγχεΐ τʼ ἄορί τε μεγάλοισί τε χερμαδίοισιν,","translation":"with spear and sword and great stones,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l265.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔγχεΐ","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"with spear"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄορί","lemma":"ἄορ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"with his sword"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μεγάλοισί","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies χερμαδίοισιν","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χερμαδίοισιν","lemma":"χερμάδιον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"stones"}]},{"number":266,"label":"266","id":"b11-l266","source":"ὄφρά οἱ αἷμʼ ἔτι θερμὸν ἀνήνοθεν ἐξ ὠτειλῆς.","translation":"as long as the blood still welled warm from his wound.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l266.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρά","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"as long as"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies αἷμ̓","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"αἷμ","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἀνήνοθεν","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"θερμὸν","lemma":"θερμός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"warm"},{"surface":"ἀνήνοθεν","lemma":"ἀνήνοθε","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρά","gloss":"welled up"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὠτειλῆς","lemma":"ὠτειλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"wound"}]},{"number":267,"label":"267","id":"b11-l267","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ τὸ μὲν ἕλκος ἐτέρσετο, παύσατο δʼ αἷμα,","translation":"But when the wound dried and the blood ceased,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l267.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter article","role":"modifies ἕλκος","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἕλκος","lemma":"ἕλκος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐτέρσετο","gloss":"wound"},{"surface":"ἐτέρσετο","lemma":"τέρσομαι","morphology":"imperfect passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"dried"},{"surface":"παύσατο","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"ceased"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἷμα","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of παύσατο","gloss":"blood"}]},{"number":268,"label":"268","id":"b11-l268","source":"ὀξεῖαι δʼ ὀδύναι δῦνον μένος Ἀτρεΐδαο.","translation":"sharp pains entered the might of Atreus' son.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l268.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀξεῖαι","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὀδύναι","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀδύναι","lemma":"ὀδύνη","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of δῦνον","gloss":"pains"},{"surface":"δῦνον","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"entered"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δῦνον","gloss":"might"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδαο","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"of Atreus' son"}]},{"number":269,"label":"269","id":"b11-l269","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἂν ὠδίνουσαν ἔχῃ βέλος ὀξὺ γυναῖκα","translation":"As when a sharp, piercing shaft grips a woman in labor,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l269.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"ὠδίνουσαν","lemma":"ὠδίνω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifies γυναῖκα","gloss":"in labor"},{"surface":"ἔχῃ","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτ̓","gloss":"grips"},{"surface":"βέλος","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔχῃ","gloss":"shaft"},{"surface":"ὀξὺ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies βέλος","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"γυναῖκα","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχῃ","gloss":"a woman"}]},{"number":270,"label":"270","id":"b11-l270","source":"δριμύ, τό τε προϊεῖσι μογοστόκοι Εἰλείθυιαι","translation":"such as the Eileithyiae, bringers of travail, send,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l270.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δριμύ","lemma":"δριμύς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies βέλος","gloss":"piercing"},{"surface":"τό","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of προϊεῖσι","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"such as"},{"surface":"προϊεῖσι","lemma":"προίημι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing βέλος","gloss":"send"},{"surface":"μογοστόκοι","lemma":"μογοστόκος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies Εἰλείθυιαι","gloss":"bringers of travail"},{"surface":"Εἰλείθυιαι","lemma":"Εἰλείθυια","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Eileithyiae"}]},{"number":271,"label":"271","id":"b11-l271","source":"Ἥρης θυγατέρες πικρὰς ὠδῖνας ἔχουσαι,","translation":"Hera's daughters who hold the bitter pangs,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l271.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἥρης","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies θυγατέρες","gloss":"Hera’s"},{"surface":"θυγατέρες","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"daughters"},{"surface":"πικρὰς","lemma":"πικρός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὠδῖνας","gloss":"bitter"},{"surface":"ὠδῖνας","lemma":"ὠδίς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχουσαι","gloss":"pangs"},{"surface":"ἔχουσαι","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifies","gloss":"who hold"}]},{"number":272,"label":"272","id":"b11-l272","source":"ὣς ὀξεῖʼ ὀδύναι δῦνον μένος Ἀτρεΐδαο.","translation":"so sharp pains entered the might of Atreus' son.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l272.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δῦνον","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ὀξεῖ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὀδύναι","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"ὀδύναι","lemma":"ὀδύνη","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of δῦνον","gloss":"pains"},{"surface":"δῦνον","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"entered"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δῦνον","gloss":"might"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδαο","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"of Atreus' son"}]},{"number":273,"label":"273","id":"b11-l273","source":"ἐς δίφρον δʼ ἀνόρουσε, καὶ ἡνιόχῳ ἐπέτελλε","translation":"He sprang into his chariot and ordered his charioteer","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l273.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"δίφρον","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνόρουσε","lemma":"ἀνορούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sprang"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἡνιόχῳ","lemma":"ἡνίοχος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπέτελλε","gloss":"driver"},{"surface":"ἐπέτελλε","lemma":"ἐπιτέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave charge"}]},{"number":274,"label":"274","id":"b11-l274","source":"νηυσὶν ἔπι γλαφυρῇσιν ἐλαυνέμεν· ἤχθετο γὰρ κῆρ.","translation":"to drive toward the hollow ships, for his heart was heavy.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l274.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔπι","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"γλαφυρῇσιν","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶν","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"ἐλαυνέμεν","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐπέτελλε","gloss":"to drive"},{"surface":"ἤχθετο","lemma":"ἄχθομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was heavy"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κῆρ","lemma":"κῆρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἤχθετο","gloss":"in his heart"}]},{"number":275,"label":"275","id":"b11-l275","source":"ἤϋσεν δὲ διαπρύσιον Δαναοῖσι γεγωνώς·","translation":"There he cried in a piercing voice to the Danaans:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l275.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤϋσεν","lemma":"αὔω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cried out"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"διαπρύσιον","lemma":"διαπρύσιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἤϋσεν","gloss":"piercing"},{"surface":"Δαναοῖσι","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of γεγωνώς","gloss":"to the Danaans"},{"surface":"γεγωνώς","lemma":"γέγωνα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤϋσεν","gloss":"shouting"}]},{"number":276,"label":"276","id":"b11-l276","source":"ὦ φίλοι Ἀργείων ἡγήτορες ἠδὲ μέδοντες","translation":"Friends, leaders and rulers of the Argives,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l276.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"o"},{"surface":"φίλοι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friends"},{"surface":"Ἀργείων","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"of the Argives"},{"surface":"ἡγήτορες","lemma":"ἡγήτωρ","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"leaders"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέδοντες","lemma":"μέδων","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"rulers"}]},{"number":277,"label":"277","id":"b11-l277","source":"ὑμεῖς μὲν νῦν νηυσὶν ἀμύνετε ποντοπόροισι","translation":"you now must defend the seafaring ships","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l277.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὑμεῖς","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative plural pronoun","role":"subject of ἀμύνετε","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀμύνετε","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀμύνετε","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἀμύνετε","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"defend"},{"surface":"ποντοπόροισι","lemma":"ποντόπορος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶν","gloss":"seafaring"}]},{"number":278,"label":"278","id":"b11-l278","source":"φύλοπιν ἀργαλέην, ἐπεὶ οὐκ ἐμὲ μητίετα Ζεὺς","translation":"from the grievous battle-din, since Zeus the counselor has not","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l278.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φύλοπιν","lemma":"φύλοπις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀμύνετε","gloss":"battle-din"},{"surface":"ἀργαλέην","lemma":"ἀργαλέος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies φύλοπιν","gloss":"grievous"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐμὲ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πολεμίζειν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"μητίετα","lemma":"μητίετα","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεὺς","gloss":"the counselor"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἴασε","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":279,"label":"279","id":"b11-l279","source":"εἴασε Τρώεσσι πανημέριον πολεμίζειν.","translation":"allowed me to fight the Trojans for the whole day.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l279.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴασε","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"allowed"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of πολεμίζειν","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"πανημέριον","lemma":"πανημέριος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to πολεμίζειν","gloss":"all day long"},{"surface":"πολεμίζειν","lemma":"πολεμίζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of εἴασε","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":280,"label":"280","id":"b11-l280","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, ἡνίοχος δʼ ἵμασεν καλλίτριχας ἵππους","translation":"So he spoke, and the charioteer lashed the lovely-maned horses","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l280.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ἡνίοχος","lemma":"ἡνίοχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἵμασεν","gloss":"driver"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵμασεν","lemma":"ἱμάσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lashed"},{"surface":"καλλίτριχας","lemma":"καλλίθριξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"fair-maned"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἵμασεν","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":281,"label":"281","id":"b11-l281","source":"νῆας ἔπι γλαφυράς· τὼ δʼ οὐκ ἀέκοντε πετέσθην·","translation":"toward the hollow ships, and the pair flew onward willingly;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l281.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τὼ δʼ οὐκ ἀέκοντε πετέσθην","title":"The team in the dual","body":"Both τώ, “the two,” and πετέσθην, “they flew,” are dual forms. Homer treats Agamemnon's two-horse team as a matched pair carrying the wounded king from battle."}],"words":[{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔπι","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"γλαφυράς","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πετέσθην","gloss":"the pair"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not","note":"With 'unwilling,' this forms a litotes: 'not unwilling,' hence 'willingly.'"},{"surface":"ἀέκοντε","lemma":"ἀέκων","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unwilling"},{"surface":"πετέσθην","lemma":"πέτομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flew onward"}]},{"number":282,"label":"282","id":"b11-l282","source":"ἄφρεον δὲ στήθεα, ῥαίνοντο δὲ νέρθε κονίῃ","translation":"their chests foamed, and beneath they were spattered with dust","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l282.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄφρεον","lemma":"ἀφρέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"foamed"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στήθεα","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἄφρεον","gloss":"their chests"},{"surface":"ῥαίνοντο","lemma":"ῥαίνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were spattered"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νέρθε","lemma":"νέρθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ῥαίνοντο","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"κονίῃ","lemma":"κόνιος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"object of ῥαίνοντο","gloss":"dust"}]},{"number":283,"label":"283","id":"b11-l283","source":"τειρόμενον βασιλῆα μάχης ἀπάνευθε φέροντες.","translation":"as they bore the stricken king away from the battle.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l283.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τειρόμενον","lemma":"τείρω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"stricken"},{"surface":"βασιλῆα","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φέροντες","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"μάχης","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπάνευθε","gloss":"the battle"},{"surface":"ἀπάνευθε","lemma":"ἀπάνευθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"away from"},{"surface":"φέροντες","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ῥαίνοντο","gloss":"bearing"}]},{"number":284,"label":"284","id":"b11-l284","source":"Ἕκτωρ δʼ ὡς ἐνόησʼ Ἀγαμέμνονα νόσφι κιόντα","translation":"When Hector saw Agamemnon going apart from battle,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l284.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐκέκλετο","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἐνόησ","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνονα","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνόησ̓","gloss":"Agamemnon"},{"surface":"νόσφι","lemma":"νόσφι","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of κιόντα","gloss":"apart"},{"surface":"κιόντα","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"going"}]},{"number":285,"label":"285","id":"b11-l285","source":"Τρωσί τε καὶ Λυκίοισιν ἐκέκλετο μακρὸν ἀΰσας·","translation":"he called to the Trojans and Lycians with a long shout:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l285.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρωσί","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to the Trojans"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Λυκίοισιν","lemma":"Λύκιοι","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Lycians"},{"surface":"ἐκέκλετο","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"μακρὸν","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀΰσας","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"ἀΰσας","lemma":"αὔω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐκέκλετο","gloss":"shouting"}]},{"number":286,"label":"286","id":"b11-l286","source":"Τρῶες καὶ Λύκιοι καὶ Δάρδανοι ἀγχιμαχηταὶ","translation":"\"Trojans and Lycians and Dardanians, close fighters,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l286.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Λύκιοι","lemma":"Λύκιοι","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Lycians"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Δάρδανοι","lemma":"Δάρδανος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Dardanians"},{"surface":"ἀγχιμαχηταὶ","lemma":"ἀγχιμαχητής","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνέρες","gloss":"close fighters"}]},{"number":287,"label":"287","id":"b11-l287","source":"ἀνέρες ἔστε φίλοι, μνήσασθε δὲ θούριδος ἀλκῆς.","translation":"be men, my friends, and remember your furious valor.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l287.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνέρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἔστε","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"φίλοι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friends"},{"surface":"μνήσασθε","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"remember"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θούριδος","lemma":"θου~ρις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλκῆς","gloss":"furious"},{"surface":"ἀλκῆς","lemma":"ἀλκή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of μνήσασθε","gloss":"valor"}]},{"number":288,"label":"288","id":"b11-l288","source":"οἴχετʼ ἀνὴρ ὤριστος, ἐμοὶ δὲ μέγʼ εὖχος ἔδωκε","translation":"The best man is gone, and Zeus, son of Cronos, has granted me","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l288.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴχετ","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is gone"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of οἴχετ̓","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ὤριστος","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"the best"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔδωκε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέγ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies εὖχος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"εὖχος","lemma":"εὖχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔδωκε","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ἔδωκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"granted"}]},{"number":289,"label":"289","id":"b11-l289","source":"Ζεὺς Κρονίδης· ἀλλʼ ἰθὺς ἐλαύνετε μώνυχας ἵππους","translation":"great glory. Drive your single-hoofed horses straight","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l289.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔδωκε","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"Κρονίδης","lemma":"Κρονίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεὺς","gloss":"son of Cronos"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰθὺς","lemma":"ἰθύς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐλαύνετε","gloss":"straight on"},{"surface":"ἐλαύνετε","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drive"},{"surface":"μώνυχας","lemma":"μω~νυξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"single-hoofed"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐλαύνετε","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":290,"label":"290","id":"b11-l290","source":"ἰφθίμων Δαναῶν, ἵνʼ ὑπέρτερον εὖχος ἄρησθε.","translation":"against the mighty Danaans, so that you may win the greater glory.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l290.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἰφθίμων","lemma":"ἴφθιμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Δαναῶν","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"Δαναῶν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"ἵν","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ὑπέρτερον","lemma":"ὑπέρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies εὖχος","gloss":"greater"},{"surface":"εὖχος","lemma":"εὖχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἄρησθε","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ἄρησθε","lemma":"αἴρω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 2nd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἵν̓","gloss":"win"}]},{"number":291,"label":"291","id":"b11-l291","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν ὄτρυνε μένος καὶ θυμὸν ἑκάστου.","translation":"So he spoke and stirred the strength and spirit of every man.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l291.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὄτρυνε","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"ὄτρυνε","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stirred"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"ἑκάστου","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of each man"}]},{"number":292,"label":"292","id":"b11-l292","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅτε πού τις θηρητὴρ κύνας ἀργιόδοντας","translation":"As when some hunter sets his white-toothed dogs","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l292.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κύνας ἀργιόδοντας","title":"White-toothed dogs","body":"ἀργιόδοντας is a compound describing the dogs by their flashing white teeth. Homer makes Hector the hunter who unleashes the Trojan charge."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"πού","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies θηρητὴρ","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"θηρητὴρ","lemma":"θηρατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of σεύῃ","gloss":"hunter"},{"surface":"κύνας","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of σεύῃ","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"ἀργιόδοντας","lemma":"ἀργιόδους","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κύνας","gloss":"white-toothed"}]},{"number":293,"label":"293","id":"b11-l293","source":"σεύῃ ἐπʼ ἀγροτέρῳ συῒ καπρίῳ ἠὲ λέοντι,","translation":"upon a wild boar or a lion of the fields,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l293.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σεύῃ","lemma":"σεύω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"sets"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ἀγροτέρῳ","lemma":"ἀγρότερος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies καπρίῳ","gloss":"of the fields"},{"surface":"συῒ","lemma":"ὗς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠὲ","gloss":"a boar"},{"surface":"καπρίῳ","lemma":"κάπριος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies συῒ","gloss":"wild boar"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἠέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"λέοντι","lemma":"λέων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠὲ","gloss":"a lion"}]},{"number":294,"label":"294","id":"b11-l294","source":"ὣς ἐπʼ Ἀχαιοῖσιν σεῦε Τρῶας μεγαθύμους","translation":"so Hector set the high-hearted Trojans upon the Achaeans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l294.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to σεῦε","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοῖσιν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"the Achaeans"},{"surface":"σεῦε","lemma":"σεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"Τρῶας","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of σεῦε","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"μεγαθύμους","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρῶας","gloss":"great-hearted"}]},{"number":295,"label":"295","id":"b11-l295","source":"Ἕκτωρ Πριαμίδης βροτολοιγῷ ἶσος Ἄρηϊ.","translation":"Hector, son of Priam, equal to Ares, bane of mortals.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l295.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"βροτολοιγῷ ἶσος Ἄρηϊ","title":"Equal to the bane of mortals","body":"βροτολοιγός is Ares' standing title as a destroyer of mortals. The comparison makes Hector Ares' equal in ruinous battle, without transferring the god's identity to him."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of σεῦε","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"Πριαμίδης","lemma":"Πριαμίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"son of Priam"},{"surface":"βροτολοιγῷ","lemma":"βροτολοιγός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρηϊ","gloss":"bane of mortals"},{"surface":"ἶσος","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"equal"},{"surface":"Ἄρηϊ","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἶσος","gloss":"to Ares"}]},{"number":296,"label":"296","id":"b11-l296","source":"αὐτὸς δʼ ἐν πρώτοισι μέγα φρονέων ἐβεβήκει,","translation":"He himself strode among the foremost, high-hearted,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l296.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐβεβήκει","gloss":"he himself"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"πρώτοισι","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"the foremost"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to φρονέων","gloss":"high-hearted"},{"surface":"φρονέων","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐβεβήκει","gloss":"in spirit"},{"surface":"ἐβεβήκει","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"strode"}]},{"number":297,"label":"297","id":"b11-l297","source":"ἐν δʼ ἔπεσʼ ὑσμίνῃ ὑπεραέϊ ἶσος ἀέλλῃ,","translation":"and fell upon the combat like a storm wind rushing from above,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l297.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπεσ","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"ὑσμίνῃ","lemma":"ὑσμίνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔπεσ̓","gloss":"combat"},{"surface":"ὑπεραέϊ","lemma":"ὑπεραής","morphology":"dative singular adjective","role":"modifies ἀέλλῃ","gloss":"rushing from above"},{"surface":"ἶσος","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ἀέλλῃ","lemma":"ἄελλα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἶσος","gloss":"storm wind"}]},{"number":298,"label":"298","id":"b11-l298","source":"ἥ τε καθαλλομένη ἰοειδέα πόντον ὀρίνει.","translation":"which plunges down and stirs the violet-dark sea.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l298.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ὀρίνει","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"καθαλλομένη","lemma":"καθάλλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ὀρίνει","gloss":"plunging down"},{"surface":"ἰοειδέα","lemma":"ἰοειδής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόντον","gloss":"violet-dark"},{"surface":"πόντον","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀρίνει","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"ὀρίνει","lemma":"ὀρίνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀέλλῃ","gloss":"stirs"}]},{"number":299,"label":"299","id":"b11-l299","source":"ἔνθα τίνα πρῶτον, τίνα δʼ ὕστατον ἐξενάριξεν","translation":"Whom first, and whom last, did he strip and kill —","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l299.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τίνα πρῶτον, τίνα δʼ ὕστατον","title":"Whom first, whom last?","body":"The repeated interrogative τίνα frames the coming kill-list as a question. The answer then follows name by name, giving Hector's charge the shape of a grim catalogue."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"τίνα","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"πρῶτον","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"τίνα","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐξενάριξεν","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὕστατον","lemma":"ὕστερος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"ἐξενάριξεν","lemma":"ἐξεναρίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stripped and killed"}]},{"number":300,"label":"300","id":"b11-l300","source":"Ἕκτωρ Πριαμίδης, ὅτε οἱ Ζεὺς κῦδος ἔδωκεν;","translation":"Hector, son of Priam, when Zeus granted him glory?","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l300.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"Πριαμίδης","lemma":"Πριαμίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"son of Priam"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔδωκεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔδωκεν","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"κῦδος","lemma":"κῦδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔδωκεν","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ἔδωκεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"granted"}]},{"number":301,"label":"301","id":"b11-l301","source":"Ἀσαῖον μὲν πρῶτα καὶ Αὐτόνοον καὶ Ὀπίτην","translation":"First Asaeus, and Autonous, and Opites,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l301.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀσαῖον","lemma":"Ἀσαῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Asaeus"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"πρῶτα","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Αὐτόνοον","lemma":"Αὐτόνοος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Autonous"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὀπίτην","lemma":"Ὀπίτης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Opites"}]},{"number":302,"label":"302","id":"b11-l302","source":"καὶ Δόλοπα Κλυτίδην καὶ Ὀφέλτιον ἠδʼ Ἀγέλαον","translation":"and Dolops, son of Clytius, and Opheltius, and Agelaus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l302.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Δόλοπα","lemma":"Δόλοψ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Dolops"},{"surface":"Κλυτίδην","lemma":"Κλυτίδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Δόλοπα","gloss":"son of Clytius"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὀφέλτιον","lemma":"Ὀφέλτιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Opheltius"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀγέλαον","lemma":"Ἀγέλαος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Agelaus"}]},{"number":303,"label":"303","id":"b11-l303","source":"Αἴσυμνόν τʼ Ὦρόν τε καὶ Ἱππόνοον μενεχάρμην.","translation":"Aesymnus and Orus and Hipponous, steadfast in battle.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l303.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἴσυμνόν","lemma":"Αἴσυμνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Aesymnus"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὦρόν","lemma":"Ὦρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Orus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἱππόνοον","lemma":"Ἱππόνοος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Hipponous"},{"surface":"μενεχάρμην","lemma":"μενεχάρμης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἱππόνοον","gloss":"steadfast in battle"}]},{"number":304,"label":"304","id":"b11-l304","source":"τοὺς ἄρʼ ὅ γʼ ἡγεμόνας Δαναῶν ἕλεν, αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα","translation":"Those leaders of the Danaans he killed, and then the multitude,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l304.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἡγεμόνας","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕλεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἡγεμόνας","lemma":"ἡγεμών","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἕλεν","gloss":"leaders"},{"surface":"Δαναῶν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἡγεμόνας","gloss":"of the Danaans"},{"surface":"ἕλεν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and then"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"then"}]},{"number":305,"label":"305","id":"b11-l305","source":"πληθύν, ὡς ὁπότε νέφεα Ζέφυρος στυφελίξῃ","translation":"as when Zephyrus batters the clouds","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l305.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πληθύν","lemma":"πληθύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"the multitude"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ὁπότε","lemma":"ὁπότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"νέφεα","lemma":"νέφος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of στυφελίξῃ","gloss":"clouds"},{"surface":"Ζέφυρος","lemma":"Ζέφυρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of στυφελίξῃ","gloss":"Zephyrus"},{"surface":"στυφελίξῃ","lemma":"στυφελίζω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"batters"}]},{"number":306,"label":"306","id":"b11-l306","source":"ἀργεστᾶο Νότοιο βαθείῃ λαίλαπι τύπτων·","translation":"of the clearing South Wind, striking them with a deep gale;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l306.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀργεστᾶο","lemma":"ἀργεστής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Νότοιο","gloss":"clearing"},{"surface":"Νότοιο","lemma":"Νότος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies νέφεα","gloss":"the South Wind"},{"surface":"βαθείῃ","lemma":"βαθύς","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies λαίλαπι","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"λαίλαπι","lemma":"λαῖλαψ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to τύπτων","gloss":"storm-blast"},{"surface":"τύπτων","lemma":"τύπτω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to στυφελίξῃ","gloss":"striking"}]},{"number":307,"label":"307","id":"b11-l307","source":"πολλὸν δὲ τρόφι κῦμα κυλίνδεται, ὑψόσε δʼ ἄχνη","translation":"the swollen wave rolls high, and foam above it","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l307.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὸν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῦμα","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τρόφι","lemma":"τρόφις","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of πολλὸν","gloss":"swollen"},{"surface":"κῦμα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of κυλίνδεται","gloss":"wave"},{"surface":"κυλίνδεται","lemma":"κυλίνδω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"rolls"},{"surface":"ὑψόσε","lemma":"ὑψόσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to σκίδναται","gloss":"aloft"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄχνη","lemma":"ἄχνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of σκίδναται","gloss":"foam"}]},{"number":308,"label":"308","id":"b11-l308","source":"σκίδναται ἐξ ἀνέμοιο πολυπλάγκτοιο ἰωῆς·","translation":"scatters beneath the blast of the far-wandering wind —","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l308.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σκίδναται","lemma":"σκίδνημι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"scatters"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"ἀνέμοιο","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἰωῆς","gloss":"wind"},{"surface":"πολυπλάγκτοιο","lemma":"πολύπλαγκτος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνέμοιο","gloss":"far-wandering"},{"surface":"ἰωῆς","lemma":"ἰωή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐξ","gloss":"blast"}]},{"number":309,"label":"309","id":"b11-l309","source":"ὣς ἄρα πυκνὰ καρήαθʼ ὑφʼ Ἕκτορι δάμνατο λαῶν.","translation":"so the close-packed heads of the host were beaten down beneath Hector.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l309.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δάμνατο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"πυκνὰ","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"close-packed"},{"surface":"καρήαθ","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δάμνατο","gloss":"heads"},{"surface":"ὑφ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορι","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑφ̓","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δάμνατο","lemma":"δάμνημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were beaten down"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καρήαθ̓","gloss":"of the host"}]},{"number":310,"label":"310","id":"b11-l310","source":"ἔνθά κε λοιγὸς ἔην καὶ ἀμήχανα ἔργα γένοντο,","translation":"Then ruin would have come, and deeds beyond all remedy,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l310.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθά","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would have"},{"surface":"λοιγὸς","lemma":"λοιγός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔην","gloss":"ruin"},{"surface":"ἔην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would have come"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμήχανα","lemma":"ἀμήχανος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"beyond remedy"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of γένοντο","gloss":"deeds"},{"surface":"γένοντο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would have happened"}]},{"number":311,"label":"311","id":"b11-l311","source":"καί νύ κεν ἐν νήεσσι πέσον φεύγοντες Ἀχαιοί,","translation":"and the Achaeans, fleeing, would have fallen among their ships,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l311.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πέσον","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would have"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"νήεσσι","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"their ships"},{"surface":"πέσον","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would have fallen"},{"surface":"φεύγοντες","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to πέσον","gloss":"fleeing"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of πέσον","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":312,"label":"312","id":"b11-l312","source":"εἰ μὴ Τυδεΐδῃ Διομήδεϊ κέκλετʼ Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"had Odysseus not called to Diomedes, son of Tydeus:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l312.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"Τυδεΐδῃ","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Διομήδεϊ","gloss":"son of Tydeus"},{"surface":"Διομήδεϊ","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κέκλετ̓","gloss":"to Diomedes"},{"surface":"κέκλετ","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κέκλετ̓","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":313,"label":"313","id":"b11-l313","source":"Τυδεΐδη τί παθόντε λελάσμεθα θούριδος ἀλκῆς;","translation":"\"Son of Tydeus, what has come upon us both, that we forget our furious valor?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l313.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"παθόντε λελάσμεθα","title":"Two men marked by the dual","body":"παθόντε is a dual participle: Odysseus asks what has happened to precisely the two of them. The plural verb λελάσμεθα then includes both men in the charge that they have forgotten their valor."}],"words":[{"surface":"Τυδεΐδη","lemma":"Τυδεΐδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son of Tydeus"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τίς","morphology":"irregular","role":"object of παθόντε","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"παθόντε","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to λελάσμεθα","gloss":"has happened"},{"surface":"λελάσμεθα","lemma":"λάζομαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we forget"},{"surface":"θούριδος","lemma":"θου~ρις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλκῆς","gloss":"furious"},{"surface":"ἀλκῆς","lemma":"ἀλκή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of λελάσμεθα","gloss":"valor"}]},{"number":314,"label":"314","id":"b11-l314","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε δεῦρο πέπον, παρʼ ἔμʼ ἵσταο· δὴ γὰρ ἔλεγχος","translation":"Come here, friend, and stand beside me; for it will be shame","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l314.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"δεῦρο","lemma":"δεῦρο","morphology":"adverb","role":"object","gloss":"come here"},{"surface":"πέπον","lemma":"πέπων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friend"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"ἔμ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of παῤ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἵσταο","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔλεγχος","lemma":"ἔλεγχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔσσεται","gloss":"shame"}]},{"number":315,"label":"315","id":"b11-l315","source":"ἔσσεται εἴ κεν νῆας ἕλῃ κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ.","translation":"if Hector of the flashing helm takes the ships.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l315.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσσεται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἕλῃ","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"ἕλῃ","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"takes"},{"surface":"κορυθαίολος","lemma":"κορυθαίολος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"of the flashing helm"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕλῃ","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":316,"label":"316","id":"b11-l316","source":"τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη κρατερὸς Διομήδης·","translation":"Then mighty Diomedes answered him and said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l316.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"κρατερὸς","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διομήδης","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"Διομήδης","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Diomedes"}]},{"number":317,"label":"317","id":"b11-l317","source":"ἤτοι ἐγὼ μενέω καὶ τλήσομαι· ἀλλὰ μίνυνθα","translation":"\"I will indeed stand and endure; but only brief","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l317.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"i"},{"surface":"μενέω","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will remain"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τλήσομαι","lemma":"τλάω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"i will endure"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μίνυνθα","lemma":"μίνυνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσσεται","gloss":"only a moment"}]},{"number":318,"label":"318","id":"b11-l318","source":"ἡμέων ἔσσεται ἦδος, ἐπεὶ νεφεληγερέτα Ζεὺς","translation":"will be our joy, since Zeus the cloud-gatherer","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l318.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἡμέων ἔσσεται ἦδος","title":"A brief joy","body":"The phrase completes μίνυνθα from the preceding line: Diomedes says their pleasure or advantage will last only a short time. He agrees to stand, but expects the gain won by their resistance to be brief."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμέων","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἦδος","gloss":"of us"},{"surface":"ἔσσεται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"ἦδος","lemma":"ἦδος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔσσεται","gloss":"joy"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"νεφεληγερέτα","lemma":"νεφεληγερέτα","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεὺς","gloss":"cloud-gatherer"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βόλεται","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":319,"label":"319","id":"b11-l319","source":"Τρωσὶν δὴ βόλεται δοῦναι κράτος ἠέ περ ἡμῖν.","translation":"now wishes to give might to the Trojans rather than to us.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l319.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρωσὶν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἠέ","gloss":"to the Trojans"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"βόλεται","lemma":"βούλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"wishes"},{"surface":"δοῦναι","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of βόλεται","gloss":"to give"},{"surface":"κράτος","lemma":"κράτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δοῦναι","gloss":"power"},{"surface":"ἠέ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἡμῖν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠέ","gloss":"to us"}]},{"number":320,"label":"320","id":"b11-l320","source":"ἦ καὶ Θυμβραῖον μὲν ἀφʼ ἵππων ὦσε χαμᾶζε","translation":"He spoke, and thrust Thymbraeus from his chariot to the ground,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l320.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Θυμβραῖον","lemma":"Θυμβραῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὦσε","gloss":"Thymbraeus"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀφ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀφ̓","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"ὦσε","lemma":"ὠθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"thrust"},{"surface":"χαμᾶζε","lemma":"χαμᾶζε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ὦσε","gloss":"to the ground"}]},{"number":321,"label":"321","id":"b11-l321","source":"δουρὶ βαλὼν κατὰ μαζὸν ἀριστερόν· αὐτὰρ Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"striking him with his spear beneath the left nipple; while Odysseus struck down","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l321.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to βαλὼν","gloss":"with his spear"},{"surface":"βαλὼν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὦσε","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"μαζὸν","lemma":"μαστός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"nipple"},{"surface":"ἀριστερόν","lemma":"ἀριστερός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μαζὸν","gloss":"the left"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":322,"label":"322","id":"b11-l322","source":"ἀντίθεον θεράποντα Μολίονα τοῖο ἄνακτος.","translation":"Molion, the godlike attendant of that lord.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l322.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀντίθεον","lemma":"ἀντίθεος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεράποντα","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"θεράποντα","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"attendant"},{"surface":"Μολίονα","lemma":"Μολίων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Molion"},{"surface":"τοῖο","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine article","role":"modifies ἄνακτος","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θεράποντα","gloss":"lord"}]},{"number":323,"label":"323","id":"b11-l323","source":"τοὺς μὲν ἔπειτʼ εἴασαν, ἐπεὶ πολέμου ἀπέπαυσαν·","translation":"Then they left the two, once they had stopped them from war;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l323.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἴασαν","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴασαν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"εἴασαν","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"πολέμου","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπέπαυσαν","gloss":"from war"},{"surface":"ἀπέπαυσαν","lemma":"ἀποπαύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"stopped"}]},{"number":324,"label":"324","id":"b11-l324","source":"τὼ δʼ ἀνʼ ὅμιλον ἰόντε κυδοίμεον, ὡς ὅτε κάπρω","translation":"and the pair ranged through the throng in havoc, as when two boars","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l324.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τὼ δʼ ἀνʼ ὅμιλον ἰόντε κυδοίμεον","title":"The fighting pair","body":"The pronoun τώ and participle ἰόντε are dual, marking Diomedes and Odysseus as a coordinated pair. The verb then pictures the two of them together throwing the Trojan mass into confusion."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κυδοίμεον","gloss":"the pair"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀν","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ὅμιλον","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀν̓","gloss":"the throng"},{"surface":"ἰόντε","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to κυδοίμεον","gloss":"ranging"},{"surface":"κυδοίμεον","lemma":"κυδοιμέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wrought havoc"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"κάπρω","lemma":"κάπρος","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject of πέσητον","gloss":"boars"}]},{"number":325,"label":"325","id":"b11-l325","source":"ἐν κυσὶ θηρευτῇσι μέγα φρονέοντε πέσητον·","translation":"fall among hunting dogs, proud in heart;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l325.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κυσὶ","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"θηρευτῇσι","lemma":"θηρευτός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies κυσὶ","gloss":"hunting"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to φρονέοντε","gloss":"proud"},{"surface":"φρονέοντε","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to πέσητον","gloss":"in heart"},{"surface":"πέσητον","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd dual verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"fall"}]},{"number":326,"label":"326","id":"b11-l326","source":"ὣς ὄλεκον Τρῶας πάλιν ὀρμένω· αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"so they wheeled and destroyed the Trojans; and the Achaeans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l326.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄλεκον","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ὄλεκον","lemma":"ὀλέκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"destroyed"},{"surface":"Τρῶας","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὄλεκον","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"πάλιν","lemma":"πάλιν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀρμένω","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ὀρμένω","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to ὄλεκον","gloss":"wheeling"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἀνέπνεον","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":327,"label":"327","id":"b11-l327","source":"ἀσπασίως φεύγοντες ἀνέπνεον Ἕκτορα δῖον.","translation":"gladly fleeing godlike Hector, caught their breath again.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l327.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀσπασίως","lemma":"ἀσπάσιος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φεύγοντες","gloss":"gladly"},{"surface":"φεύγοντες","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀνέπνεον","gloss":"fleeing"},{"surface":"ἀνέπνεον","lemma":"ἀναπνέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"caught breath"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορα","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φεύγοντες","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δῖον","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορα","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":328,"label":"328","id":"b11-l328","source":"ἔνθʼ ἑλέτην δίφρόν τε καὶ ἀνέρε δήμου ἀρίστω","translation":"There they took a chariot and two men, the best of the people —","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l328.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἑλέτην","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἑλέτην","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"δίφρόν","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"a chariot"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνέρε","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative dual masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"δήμου","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀρίστω","gloss":"of the people"},{"surface":"ἀρίστω","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"accusative dual masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνέρε","gloss":"the best"}]},{"number":329,"label":"329","id":"b11-l329","source":"υἷε δύω Μέροπος Περκωσίου, ὃς περὶ πάντων","translation":"two sons of Merops of Percote, who beyond all men","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l329.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"υἷε","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative dual masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"two sons"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies υἷε","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"Μέροπος","lemma":"Μέροψ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἷε","gloss":"Merops"},{"surface":"Περκωσίου","lemma":"Περκώσιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Μέροπος","gloss":"of Percote"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beyond all"},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"all men"}]},{"number":330,"label":"330","id":"b11-l330","source":"ᾔδεε μαντοσύνας, οὐδὲ οὓς παῖδας ἔασκε","translation":"knew the arts of prophecy, and would not let his own sons","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l330.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ᾔδεε","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"μαντοσύνας","lemma":"μαντοσύνη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ᾔδεε","gloss":"the arts of prophecy"},{"surface":"οὓς","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies παῖδας","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"παῖδας","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of στείχειν","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"ἔασκε","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"would let"}]},{"number":331,"label":"331","id":"b11-l331","source":"στείχειν ἐς πόλεμον φθισήνορα· τὼ δέ οἱ οὔ τι","translation":"go into man-destroying war; but the two of them would not","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l331.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στείχειν","lemma":"στείχω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἔασκε","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"πόλεμον","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"φθισήνορα","lemma":"φθισήνωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόλεμον","gloss":"man-destroying"},{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πειθέσθην","gloss":"the two of them"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πειθέσθην","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at all"}]},{"number":332,"label":"332","id":"b11-l332","source":"πειθέσθην· κῆρες γὰρ ἄγον μέλανος θανάτοιο.","translation":"obey him, for the fates of black death led them on.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l332.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πειθέσθην","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"obey"},{"surface":"κῆρες","lemma":"κήρ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἄγον","gloss":"the fates"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἄγον","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"μέλανος","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θανάτοιο","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"θανάτοιο","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κῆρες","gloss":"of death"}]},{"number":333,"label":"333","id":"b11-l333","source":"τοὺς μὲν Τυδεΐδης δουρικλειτὸς Διομήδης","translation":"Diomedes, son of Tydeus, famed with the spear,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l333.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπηύρα","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Τυδεΐδης","lemma":"Τυδεΐδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son of Tydeus"},{"surface":"δουρικλειτὸς","lemma":"δουρικλειτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διομήδης","gloss":"spear-famed"},{"surface":"Διομήδης","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Diomedes"}]},{"number":334,"label":"334","id":"b11-l334","source":"θυμοῦ καὶ ψυχῆς κεκαδὼν κλυτὰ τεύχεʼ ἀπηύρα·","translation":"robbed them of spirit and life, and stripped their splendid armor;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l334.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θυμοῦ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ψυχῆς","lemma":"ψυχή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"κεκαδὼν","lemma":"χάζω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπηύρα","gloss":"depriving"},{"surface":"κλυτὰ","lemma":"κλυτός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεύχἐ","gloss":"famous"},{"surface":"τεύχε","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπηύρα","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἀπηύρα","lemma":"ἀπαυράω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stripped"}]},{"number":335,"label":"335","id":"b11-l335","source":"Ἱππόδαμον δʼ Ὀδυσεὺς καὶ Ὑπείροχον ἐξενάριξεν.","translation":"and Odysseus stripped and killed Hippodamus and Hypeirochus.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l335.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἱππόδαμον","lemma":"Ἱππόδαμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Hippodamus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐξενάριξεν","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὑπείροχον","lemma":"Ὑπείροχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Hypeirochus"},{"surface":"ἐξενάριξεν","lemma":"ἐξεναρίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slew and stripped"}]},{"number":336,"label":"336","id":"b11-l336","source":"ἔνθά σφιν κατὰ ἶσα μάχην ἐτάνυσσε Κρονίων","translation":"Then the son of Cronos stretched the battle level between them,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l336.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθά","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐτάνυσσε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐτάνυσσε","gloss":"between them"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ἶσα","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"equally"},{"surface":"μάχην","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐτάνυσσε","gloss":"the battle"},{"surface":"ἐτάνυσσε","lemma":"τανύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stretched out"},{"surface":"Κρονίων","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐτάνυσσε","gloss":"the son of Cronos"}]},{"number":337,"label":"337","id":"b11-l337","source":"ἐξ Ἴδης καθορῶν· τοὶ δʼ ἀλλήλους ἐνάριζον.","translation":"looking down from Ida; and they kept killing one another.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l337.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Ἴδης","lemma":"Ἴδη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"Ida"},{"surface":"καθορῶν","lemma":"καθοράω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐτάνυσσε","gloss":"looking down"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐνάριζον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλους","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐνάριζον","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"ἐνάριζον","lemma":"ἐναρίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they kept killing"}]},{"number":338,"label":"338","id":"b11-l338","source":"ἤτοι Τυδέος υἱὸς Ἀγάστροφον οὔτασε δουρὶ","translation":"Then the son of Tydeus wounded Agastrophus with his spear,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l338.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Τυδέος","lemma":"Τυδεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Tydeus"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of οὔτασε","gloss":"the son"},{"surface":"Ἀγάστροφον","lemma":"Ἀγάστροφος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of οὔτασε","gloss":"Agastrophus"},{"surface":"οὔτασε","lemma":"οὐτάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wounded"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to οὔτασε","gloss":"with his spear"}]},{"number":339,"label":"339","id":"b11-l339","source":"Παιονίδην ἥρωα κατʼ ἰσχίον· οὐ δέ οἱ ἵπποι","translation":"the hero son of Paeon, at the hip; but his horses were not","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l339.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Παιονίδην","lemma":"Παιονίδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγάστροφον","gloss":"son of Paeon"},{"surface":"ἥρωα","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγάστροφον","gloss":"the hero"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ἰσχίον","lemma":"ἰσχίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κατ̓","gloss":"hip"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἵπποι","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔσαν","gloss":"his horses"}]},{"number":340,"label":"340","id":"b11-l340","source":"ἐγγὺς ἔσαν προφυγεῖν, ἀάσατο δὲ μέγα θυμῷ.","translation":"near for his escape, for he had been deeply blinded in heart.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l340.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἀάσατο","title":"Deluded in his own heart","body":"ἀάσατο is middle voice: Agastrophus acted under ruinous blindness in his own heart. The next lines explain the mistake — he left his team far away and fought on foot."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐγγὺς","lemma":"ἐγγύς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσαν","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἔσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"προφυγεῖν","lemma":"προφεύγω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἔσαν","gloss":"to escape"},{"surface":"ἀάσατο","lemma":"ἀάω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was blinded"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀάσατο","gloss":"deeply"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀάσατο","gloss":"in heart"}]},{"number":341,"label":"341","id":"b11-l341","source":"τοὺς μὲν γὰρ θεράπων ἀπάνευθʼ ἔχεν, αὐτὰρ ὃ πεζὸς","translation":"His attendant held them far off, while he on foot","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l341.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔχεν","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"θεράπων","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔχεν","gloss":"attendant"},{"surface":"ἀπάνευθ","lemma":"ἀπάνευθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχεν","gloss":"far away"},{"surface":"ἔχεν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of θῦνε","gloss":"while he"},{"surface":"πεζὸς","lemma":"πεζός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"on foot"}]},{"number":342,"label":"342","id":"b11-l342","source":"θῦνε διὰ προμάχων, εἷος φίλον ὤλεσε θυμόν.","translation":"charged through the front ranks until he lost his dear life.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l342.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θῦνε","lemma":"θύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"charged"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"προμάχων","lemma":"πρόμαχος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of διὰ","gloss":"front ranks"},{"surface":"εἷος","lemma":"εἷος","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμόν","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ὤλεσε","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἷος","gloss":"lost"},{"surface":"θυμόν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὤλεσε","gloss":"life"}]},{"number":343,"label":"343","id":"b11-l343","source":"Ἕκτωρ δʼ ὀξὺ νόησε κατὰ στίχας, ὦρτο δʼ ἐπʼ αὐτοὺς","translation":"Hector saw them quickly through the ranks and rushed upon them,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l343.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀξὺ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to νόησε","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"νόησε","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"στίχας","lemma":"στίξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"ranks"},{"surface":"ὦρτο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rushed"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"αὐτοὺς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":344,"label":"344","id":"b11-l344","source":"κεκλήγων· ἅμα δὲ Τρώων εἵποντο φάλαγγες.","translation":"shouting aloud; and the strong battalions of Trojans followed with him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l344.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεκλήγων","lemma":"κλάζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὦρτο","gloss":"shouting aloud"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἵποντο","gloss":"with him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies φάλαγγες","gloss":"of Trojans"},{"surface":"εἵποντο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"},{"surface":"φάλαγγες","lemma":"φάλαγξ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of εἵποντο","gloss":"battalions"}]},{"number":345,"label":"345","id":"b11-l345","source":"τὸν δὲ ἰδὼν ῥίγησε βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Διομήδης,","translation":"Seeing him, Diomedes, good at the war-cry, shuddered,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l345.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ῥίγησε","title":"Diomedes shudders","body":"ῥίγησε states a physical shudder at Hector's oncoming mass. The reaction does not make Diomedes flee: his next words call for both men to stand and defend themselves."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἰδὼν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ῥίγησε","gloss":"seeing"},{"surface":"ῥίγησε","lemma":"ῥιγέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shuddered"},{"surface":"βοὴν","lemma":"βοή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀγαθὸς","gloss":"at the war-cry"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὸς","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διομήδης","gloss":"good at"},{"surface":"Διομήδης","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"Diomedes"}]},{"number":346,"label":"346","id":"b11-l346","source":"αἶψα δʼ Ὀδυσσῆα προσεφώνεεν ἐγγὺς ἐόντα·","translation":"and at once he spoke to Odysseus standing near:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l346.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσεφώνεεν","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆα","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσεφώνεεν","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"προσεφώνεεν","lemma":"προσφωνέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"ἐγγὺς","lemma":"ἐγγύς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐόντα","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"standing"}]},{"number":347,"label":"347","id":"b11-l347","source":"νῶϊν δὴ τόδε πῆμα κυλίνδεται ὄβριμος Ἕκτωρ·","translation":"\"Upon us now this ruin rolls — mighty Hector.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l347.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῶϊν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative dual masculine pronoun","role":"object of κυλίνδεται","gloss":"to us two"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies πῆμα","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"πῆμα","lemma":"πῆμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"ruin"},{"surface":"κυλίνδεται","lemma":"κυλίνδω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rolls"},{"surface":"ὄβριμος","lemma":"ὄβριμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":348,"label":"348","id":"b11-l348","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε δὴ στέωμεν καὶ ἀλεξώμεσθα μένοντες.","translation":"Come, let us stand and defend ourselves, holding our ground.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l348.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and now"},{"surface":"στέωμεν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλεξώμεσθα","lemma":"ἀλέξω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"defend ourselves"},{"surface":"μένοντες","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀλεξώμεσθα","gloss":"holding ground"}]},{"number":349,"label":"349","id":"b11-l349","source":"ἦ ῥα, καὶ ἀμπεπαλὼν προΐει δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος","translation":"So he spoke, and poising it, hurled his long-shadowed spear,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l349.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"so he spoke"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμπεπαλὼν","lemma":"ἀναπάλλω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προΐει","gloss":"having poised it"},{"surface":"προΐει","lemma":"προίημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hurled"},{"surface":"δολιχόσκιον","lemma":"δολιχόσκιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"long-shadowed"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of προΐει","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":350,"label":"350","id":"b11-l350","source":"καὶ βάλεν, οὐδʼ ἀφάμαρτε τιτυσκόμενος κεφαλῆφιν,","translation":"and struck; nor did he miss as he aimed at Hector's head,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l350.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βάλεν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ἀφάμαρτε","lemma":"ἀφαμαρτάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"missed"},{"surface":"τιτυσκόμενος","lemma":"τιτύσκομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀφάμαρτε","gloss":"aiming"},{"surface":"κεφαλῆφιν","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"genitive feminine noun","role":"object of τιτυσκόμενος","gloss":"head"}]},{"number":351,"label":"351","id":"b11-l351","source":"ἄκρην κὰκ κόρυθα· πλάγχθη δʼ ἀπὸ χαλκόφι χαλκός,","translation":"but hit the helmet's crown; bronze glanced away from bronze","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l351.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄκρην","lemma":"ἄκρος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κόρυθα","gloss":"the crown"},{"surface":"κὰκ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"κόρυθα","lemma":"κόρυς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κὰκ","gloss":"the helmet"},{"surface":"πλάγχθη","lemma":"πλάζω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"glanced away"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"away from"},{"surface":"χαλκόφι","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"χαλκός","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πλάγχθη","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":352,"label":"352","id":"b11-l352","source":"οὐδʼ ἵκετο χρόα καλόν· ἐρύκακε γὰρ τρυφάλεια","translation":"and did not reach his fair skin, for the helmet checked it —","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l352.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵκετο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"χρόα","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἵκετο","gloss":"skin"},{"surface":"καλόν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χρόα","gloss":"fair"},{"surface":"ἐρύκακε","lemma":"ἐρύκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"checked it"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τρυφάλεια","lemma":"τρυφάλεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐρύκακε","gloss":"helmet"}]},{"number":353,"label":"353","id":"b11-l353","source":"τρίπτυχος αὐλῶπις, τήν οἱ πόρε Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων.","translation":"three-ply and hollow-eyed, which Phoebus Apollo had given him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l353.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"τρίπτυχος αὐλῶπις","title":"Hector's three-ply helmet","body":"τρίπτυχος makes the helmet three-layered or threefold, while αὐλῶπις describes its hollow, tube-like openings. The armor turns the spearhead before it reaches Hector's skin."}],"words":[{"surface":"τρίπτυχος","lemma":"τρίπτυχος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies τρυφάλεια","gloss":"three-ply"},{"surface":"αὐλῶπις","lemma":"αὐλω~πις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies τρυφάλεια","gloss":"hollow-eyed"},{"surface":"τήν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of πόρε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πόρε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"πόρε","lemma":"πόρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τρυφάλεια","gloss":"had given"},{"surface":"Φοῖβος","lemma":"Φοῖβος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"Phoebus"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πόρε","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":354,"label":"354","id":"b11-l354","source":"Ἕκτωρ δʼ ὦκʼ ἀπέλεθρον ἀνέδραμε, μίκτο δʼ ὁμίλῳ,","translation":"Hector ran far back at once and merged with the throng;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l354.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὦκ","lemma":"ὦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνέδραμε","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ἀπέλεθρον","lemma":"ἀπέλεθρος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀνέδραμε","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"ἀνέδραμε","lemma":"ἀνατρέχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ran back"},{"surface":"μίκτο","lemma":"μίγνυμι","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"merged"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὁμίλῳ","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μίκτο","gloss":"with the throng"}]},{"number":355,"label":"355","id":"b11-l355","source":"στῆ δὲ γνὺξ ἐριπὼν καὶ ἐρείσατο χειρὶ παχείῃ","translation":"he fell to his knees and braced his thick hand","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l355.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γνὺξ","lemma":"γνύξ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐριπὼν","gloss":"to his knees"},{"surface":"ἐριπὼν","lemma":"ἐρείπω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to στῆ","gloss":"falling"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐρείσατο","lemma":"ἐρείδω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"braced"},{"surface":"χειρὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐρείσατο","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"παχείῃ","lemma":"παχύς","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χειρὶ","gloss":"thick"}]},{"number":356,"label":"356","id":"b11-l356","source":"γαίης· ἀμφὶ δὲ ὄσσε κελαινὴ νὺξ ἐκάλυψεν.","translation":"against the earth, and dark night covered his eyes.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l356.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κελαινὴ νὺξ ἐκάλυψεν","title":"Dark night over the eyes","body":"The darkness here marks Hector's stunned loss of awareness, not death. He recovers his breath while Diomedes goes after the spear and then escapes by chariot."}],"words":[{"surface":"γαίης","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐρείσατο","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄσσε","lemma":"ὄσσα","morphology":"accusative dual neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκάλυψεν","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"κελαινὴ","lemma":"κελαινός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νὺξ","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"νὺξ","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐκάλυψεν","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"ἐκάλυψεν","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"covered"}]},{"number":357,"label":"357","id":"b11-l357","source":"ὄφρα δὲ Τυδεΐδης μετὰ δούρατος ᾤχετʼ ἐρωὴν","translation":"While the son of Tydeus went after the flight of his spear","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l357.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"Τυδεΐδης","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ᾤχετ̓","gloss":"the son of Tydeus"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"δούρατος","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐρωὴν","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"ᾤχετ","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"ἐρωὴν","lemma":"ἐρωή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ᾤχετ̓","gloss":"flight"}]},{"number":358,"label":"358","id":"b11-l358","source":"τῆλε διὰ προμάχων, ὅθι οἱ καταείσατο γαίης","translation":"far through the front ranks, where it had sunk into the earth,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l358.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῆλε","lemma":"τῆλε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ᾤχετ̓","gloss":"far off"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"προμάχων","lemma":"πρόμαχος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of διὰ","gloss":"front ranks"},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καταείσατο","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of καταείσατο","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"καταείσατο","lemma":"καθίζω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ᾤχετ̓","gloss":"had sunk into"},{"surface":"γαίης","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of καταείσατο","gloss":"earth"}]},{"number":359,"label":"359","id":"b11-l359","source":"τόφρʼ Ἕκτωρ ἔμπνυτο, καὶ ἂψ ἐς δίφρον ὀρούσας","translation":"Hector meanwhile regained his breath, sprang back into his chariot,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l359.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόφρ","lemma":"τόφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"ἔμπνυτο","lemma":"ἐμπνέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"breathed again"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀρούσας","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"δίφρον","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"ὀρούσας","lemma":"ὀρούω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐξέλασ̓","gloss":"having sprung"}]},{"number":360,"label":"360","id":"b11-l360","source":"ἐξέλασʼ ἐς πληθύν, καὶ ἀλεύατο κῆρα μέλαιναν.","translation":"and drove into the multitude, escaping black death.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l360.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξέλασ","lemma":"ἐξελαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"πληθύν","lemma":"πληθύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"the throng"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλεύατο","lemma":"ἀλέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"escaped"},{"surface":"κῆρα","lemma":"κήρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀλεύατο","gloss":"doom"},{"surface":"μέλαιναν","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κῆρα","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":361,"label":"361","id":"b11-l361","source":"δουρὶ δʼ ἐπαΐσσων προσέφη κρατερὸς Διομήδης·","translation":"Rushing at him with his spear, mighty Diomedes spoke:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l361.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπαΐσσων","gloss":"with his spear"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπαΐσσων","lemma":"ἐπαίσσω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"rushing at him"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"κρατερὸς","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διομήδης","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"Διομήδης","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Diomedes"}]},{"number":362,"label":"362","id":"b11-l362","source":"ἐξ αὖ νῦν ἔφυγες θάνατον κύον· ἦ τέ τοι ἄγχι","translation":"\"Again now you have escaped death, dog, though evil came","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l362.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφυγες","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἔφυγες","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"escaped"},{"surface":"θάνατον","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔφυγες","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"κύον","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"dog"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἦλθε","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ἄγχι","lemma":"ἄγχι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"near"}]},{"number":363,"label":"363","id":"b11-l363","source":"ἦλθε κακόν· νῦν αὖτέ σʼ ἐρύσατο Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων","translation":"close to you. Now once more Phoebus Apollo has saved you,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l363.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"κακόν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"subject of ἦλθε","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐρύσατο","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"αὖτέ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐρύσατο","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἐρύσατο","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"saved"},{"surface":"Φοῖβος","lemma":"Φοῖβος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"Phoebus"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐρύσατο","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":364,"label":"364","id":"b11-l364","source":"ᾧ μέλλεις εὔχεσθαι ἰὼν ἐς δοῦπον ἀκόντων.","translation":"to whom you must pray whenever you enter the din of spears.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l364.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εὔχεσθαι","gloss":"to whom"},{"surface":"μέλλεις","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"εὔχεσθαι","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of μέλλεις","gloss":"to pray"},{"surface":"ἰὼν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μέλλεις","gloss":"entering"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"δοῦπον","lemma":"δοῦπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"din"},{"surface":"ἀκόντων","lemma":"ἄκων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies δοῦπον","gloss":"of spears"}]},{"number":365,"label":"365","id":"b11-l365","source":"ἦ θήν σʼ ἐξανύω γε καὶ ὕστερον ἀντιβολήσας,","translation":"Surely I shall finish you later, when I meet you again,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l365.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"σʼ ἐξανύω γε καὶ ὕστερον ἀντιβολήσας","title":"A threat carried forward","body":"The present ἐξανύω has future force in Diomedes' threat, while the aorist participle ἀντιβολήσας makes the next meeting the condition for its fulfillment: he will finish Hector when he meets him again."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"θήν","lemma":"θήν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐξανύω","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἐξανύω","lemma":"ἐξανύω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall finish"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ὕστερον","lemma":"ὕστερος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀντιβολήσας","gloss":"later"},{"surface":"ἀντιβολήσας","lemma":"ἀντιβολέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐξανύω","gloss":"meeting you"}]},{"number":366,"label":"366","id":"b11-l366","source":"εἴ πού τις καὶ ἔμοιγε θεῶν ἐπιτάρροθός ἐστι.","translation":"if some god also stands as helper beside me.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l366.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"πού","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐστι","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἔμοιγε","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐστι","gloss":"beside me"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"ἐπιτάρροθός","lemma":"ἐπιτάρροθος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"helper"},{"surface":"ἐστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":367,"label":"367","id":"b11-l367","source":"νῦν αὖ τοὺς ἄλλους ἐπιείσομαι, ὅν κε κιχείω.","translation":"For now I shall fall upon the others, whoever I meet.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l367.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπιείσομαι","gloss":"for now"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἄλλους","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἄλλους","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπιείσομαι","gloss":"the others"},{"surface":"ἐπιείσομαι","lemma":"ἐφίζω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fall upon"},{"surface":"ὅν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κιχείω","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"κιχείω","lemma":"κιχάνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἄλλους","gloss":"i meet"}]},{"number":368,"label":"368","id":"b11-l368","source":"ἦ, καὶ Παιονίδην δουρὶ κλυτὸν ἐξενάριζεν.","translation":"He spoke, and stripped the son of Paeon, famed with the spear.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l368.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Παιονίδην","lemma":"Παιονίδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξενάριζεν","gloss":"son of Paeon"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"modifies κλυτὸν","gloss":"with the spear"},{"surface":"κλυτὸν","lemma":"κλυτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Παιονίδην","gloss":"famed"},{"surface":"ἐξενάριζεν","lemma":"ἐξεναρίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was stripping"}]},{"number":369,"label":"369","id":"b11-l369","source":"αὐτὰρ Ἀλέξανδρος Ἑλένης πόσις ἠϋκόμοιο","translation":"But Paris, husband of lovely-haired Helen,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l369.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ἀλέξανδρος","lemma":"Ἀλέξανδρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Paris"},{"surface":"Ἑλένης","lemma":"Ἑλένη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies πόσις","gloss":"Helen"},{"surface":"πόσις","lemma":"πόσις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"husband"},{"surface":"ἠϋκόμοιο","lemma":"εὔκομος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἑλένης","gloss":"lovely-haired"}]},{"number":370,"label":"370","id":"b11-l370","source":"Τυδεΐδῃ ἔπι τόξα τιταίνετο ποιμένι λαῶν,","translation":"drew his bow against the son of Tydeus, shepherd of the people,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l370.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τυδεΐδῃ","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"the son of Tydeus"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"τόξα","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τιταίνετο","gloss":"bow"},{"surface":"τιταίνετο","lemma":"τιταίνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew"},{"surface":"ποιμένι","lemma":"ποιμήν","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"shepherd"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ποιμένι","gloss":"of the people"}]},{"number":371,"label":"371","id":"b11-l371","source":"στήλῃ κεκλιμένος ἀνδροκμήτῳ ἐπὶ τύμβῳ","translation":"leaning against a man-made pillar upon the burial mound","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l371.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στήλῃ","lemma":"στήλη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κεκλιμένος","gloss":"pillar"},{"surface":"κεκλιμένος","lemma":"κλίνω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τιταίνετο","gloss":"leaning"},{"surface":"ἀνδροκμήτῳ","lemma":"ἀνδρόκμητος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τύμβῳ","gloss":"man-made"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"τύμβῳ","lemma":"τύμβος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"mound"}]},{"number":372,"label":"372","id":"b11-l372","source":"Ἴλου Δαρδανίδαο, παλαιοῦ δημογέροντος.","translation":"of Ilus, son of Dardanus, an elder of long ago.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l372.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἴλου","lemma":"Ἶλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τύμβῳ","gloss":"of Ilus"},{"surface":"Δαρδανίδαο","lemma":"Δαρδανίδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἴλου","gloss":"son of Dardanus"},{"surface":"παλαιοῦ","lemma":"παλαιός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δημογέροντος","gloss":"long ago"},{"surface":"δημογέροντος","lemma":"δημογέρων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἴλου","gloss":"elder"}]},{"number":373,"label":"373","id":"b11-l373","source":"ἤτοι ὃ μὲν θώρηκα Ἀγαστρόφου ἰφθίμοιο","translation":"Diomedes was stripping the corselet from mighty Agastrophus'","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l373.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of αἴνυτ̓","gloss":"Diomedes"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"θώρηκα","lemma":"θώραξ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of αἴνυτ̓","gloss":"corselet"},{"surface":"Ἀγαστρόφου","lemma":"Ἀγάστροφος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θώρηκα","gloss":"Agastrophus"},{"surface":"ἰφθίμοιο","lemma":"ἴφθιμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀγαστρόφου","gloss":"mighty"}]},{"number":374,"label":"374","id":"b11-l374","source":"αἴνυτʼ ἀπὸ στήθεσφι παναίολον ἀσπίδα τʼ ὤμων","translation":"chest, the gleaming shield from his shoulders,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l374.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἴνυτ","lemma":"αἴνυμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was stripping"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"στήθεσφι","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"παναίολον","lemma":"παναίολος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀσπίδα","gloss":"gleaming"},{"surface":"ἀσπίδα","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὤμων","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"shoulders"}]},{"number":375,"label":"375","id":"b11-l375","source":"καὶ κόρυθα βριαρήν· ὃ δὲ τόξου πῆχυν ἄνελκε","translation":"and the heavy helmet; but Paris drew back the bow's stave","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l375.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κόρυθα","lemma":"κόρυς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"the helmet"},{"surface":"βριαρήν","lemma":"βριαρός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κόρυθα","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τόξου","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies πῆχυν","gloss":"bow"},{"surface":"πῆχυν","lemma":"πῆχυς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄνελκε","gloss":"stave"},{"surface":"ἄνελκε","lemma":"ἀνέλκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew back"}]},{"number":376,"label":"376","id":"b11-l376","source":"καὶ βάλεν, οὐδʼ ἄρα μιν ἅλιον βέλος ἔκφυγε χειρός,","translation":"and shot. The shaft did not fly vainly from his hand,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l376.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βάλεν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shot"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔκφυγε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἅλιον","lemma":"ἅλιος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"vainly"},{"surface":"βέλος","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔκφυγε","gloss":"shaft"},{"surface":"ἔκφυγε","lemma":"ἐκφεύγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flew away"},{"surface":"χειρός","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔκφυγε","gloss":"from his hand"}]},{"number":377,"label":"377","id":"b11-l377","source":"ταρσὸν δεξιτεροῖο ποδός· διὰ δʼ ἀμπερὲς ἰὸς","translation":"but struck the sole of his right foot; straight through went the arrow","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l377.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ταρσὸν δεξιτεροῖο ποδός","title":"The right foot","body":"ταρσός here is the sole or broad underside of the foot. Paris' arrow passes completely through Diomedes' right foot and pins itself into the ground beneath it."}],"words":[{"surface":"ταρσὸν","lemma":"ταρσός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βάλεν","gloss":"sole"},{"surface":"δεξιτεροῖο","lemma":"δεξιτερός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποδός","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"ποδός","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ταρσὸν","gloss":"foot"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀμπερὲς","lemma":"ἀμπερές","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατέπηκτο","gloss":"straight through"},{"surface":"ἰὸς","lemma":"ἰός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κατέπηκτο","gloss":"arrow"}]},{"number":378,"label":"378","id":"b11-l378","source":"ἐν γαίῃ κατέπηκτο· ὃ δὲ μάλα ἡδὺ γελάσσας","translation":"and fixed itself in the earth. Then Paris laughed very sweetly,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l378.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"γαίῃ","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"κατέπηκτο","lemma":"καταπήγνυμι","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fixed itself"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ἡδὺ","lemma":"ἡδύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to γελάσσας","gloss":"sweetly"},{"surface":"γελάσσας","lemma":"γελάω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀμπήδησε","gloss":"laughed"}]},{"number":379,"label":"379","id":"b11-l379","source":"ἐκ λόχου ἀμπήδησε καὶ εὐχόμενος ἔπος ηὔδα·","translation":"sprang up from his ambush, and spoke a word in triumph:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l379.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"λόχου","lemma":"λόχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"ambush"},{"surface":"ἀμπήδησε","lemma":"ἀναπηδάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sprang up"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὐχόμενος","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"in triumph"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"a word"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":380,"label":"380","id":"b11-l380","source":"βέβληαι οὐδʼ ἅλιον βέλος ἔκφυγεν· ὡς ὄφελόν τοι","translation":"\"You are hit, and my shaft did not fly in vain. Would that I had","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l380.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βέβληαι","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you are hit"},{"surface":"ἅλιον","lemma":"ἅλιος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"in vain"},{"surface":"βέλος","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔκφυγεν","gloss":"shaft"},{"surface":"ἔκφυγεν","lemma":"ἐκφεύγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flew away"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would that"},{"surface":"ὄφελόν","lemma":"ὀφείλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I should have"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies κενεῶνα","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":381,"label":"381","id":"b11-l381","source":"νείατον ἐς κενεῶνα βαλὼν ἐκ θυμὸν ἑλέσθαι.","translation":"struck you in the lowest belly and torn the life from you.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l381.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νείατον","lemma":"νέατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κενεῶνα","gloss":"lowest"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κενεῶνα","lemma":"κενεών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"belly"},{"surface":"βαλὼν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἑλέσθαι","gloss":"having struck"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἑλέσθαι","gloss":"the life"},{"surface":"ἑλέσθαι","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ὄφελόν","gloss":"to tear away"}]},{"number":382,"label":"382","id":"b11-l382","source":"οὕτω κεν καὶ Τρῶες ἀνέπνευσαν κακότητος,","translation":"Then the Trojans too would have breathed again from misery,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l382.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὕτω","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνέπνευσαν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would have"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνέπνευσαν","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἀνέπνευσαν","lemma":"ἀναπνέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"caught breath"},{"surface":"κακότητος","lemma":"κακότης","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀνέπνευσαν","gloss":"misery"}]},{"number":383,"label":"383","id":"b11-l383","source":"οἵ τέ σε πεφρίκασι λέονθʼ ὡς μηκάδες αἶγες.","translation":"for they shudder at you as bleating goats shudder at a lion.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l383.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πεφρίκασι","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of πεφρίκασι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"πεφρίκασι","lemma":"φρίσσω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Τρῶες","gloss":"shudder"},{"surface":"λέονθ","lemma":"λέων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"a lion"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"μηκάδες","lemma":"μηκάς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies αἶγες","gloss":"bleating"},{"surface":"αἶγες","lemma":"αἴξ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"goats"}]},{"number":384,"label":"384","id":"b11-l384","source":"τὸν δʼ οὐ ταρβήσας προσέφη κρατερὸς Διομήδης·","translation":"But mighty Diomedes answered him without fear:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l384.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ταρβήσας","lemma":"ταρβέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"having feared"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"κρατερὸς","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διομήδης","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"Διομήδης","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Diomedes"}]},{"number":385,"label":"385","id":"b11-l385","source":"τοξότα λωβητὴρ κέρᾳ ἀγλαὲ παρθενοπῖπα","translation":"\"Archer, mocker, proud of your bow, girl-ogler —","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l385.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"τοξότα λωβητὴρ κέρᾳ ἀγλαὲ παρθενοπῖπα","title":"Diomedes' fourfold insult","body":"Diomedes piles four taunts on Paris: archer, reviler, one who glories in the bow, and watcher of girls. The last word attacks Paris as a spectator and seducer rather than a fighter who meets men face-to-face."}],"words":[{"surface":"τοξότα","lemma":"τοξότης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"archer"},{"surface":"λωβητὴρ","lemma":"λωβητήρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τοξότα","gloss":"mocker"},{"surface":"κέρᾳ","lemma":"κέρας","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ἀγλαὲ","gloss":"bow"},{"surface":"ἀγλαὲ","lemma":"ἀγλαός","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"proud"},{"surface":"παρθενοπῖπα","lemma":"παρθενοπίπης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"girl-ogler"}]},{"number":386,"label":"386","id":"b11-l386","source":"εἰ μὲν δὴ ἀντίβιον σὺν τεύχεσι πειρηθείης,","translation":"if you were tested face-to-face with your armor,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l386.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"εἰ μὲν δὴ ἀντίβιον σὺν τεύχεσι πειρηθείης","title":"A hypothetical challenge","body":"πειρηθείης is an aorist passive optative after εἰ. Diomedes imagines the possibility of Paris being put to the test in open combat instead of shooting from ambush."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀντίβιον","lemma":"ἀντίβιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to πειρηθείης","gloss":"face-to-face"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"τεύχεσι","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"πειρηθείης","lemma":"πειράω","morphology":"aorist passive optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"were tested"}]},{"number":387,"label":"387","id":"b11-l387","source":"οὐκ ἄν τοι χραίσμῃσι βιὸς καὶ ταρφέες ἰοί·","translation":"your bow and crowded arrows would not protect you.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l387.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἄν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of χραίσμῃσι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"χραίσμῃσι","lemma":"χραισμέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"protect"},{"surface":"βιὸς","lemma":"βιός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"bow"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ταρφέες","lemma":"ταρφύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἰοί","gloss":"crowded"},{"surface":"ἰοί","lemma":"ἰός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"arrows"}]},{"number":388,"label":"388","id":"b11-l388","source":"νῦν δέ μʼ ἐπιγράψας ταρσὸν ποδὸς εὔχεαι αὔτως.","translation":"Now you have only grazed the sole of my foot, and you boast in vain.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l388.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εὔχεαι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπιγράψας","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἐπιγράψας","lemma":"ἐπιγράφω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εὔχεαι","gloss":"grazed"},{"surface":"ταρσὸν","lemma":"ταρσός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπιγράψας","gloss":"sole"},{"surface":"ποδὸς","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ταρσὸν","gloss":"of my foot"},{"surface":"εὔχεαι","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you boast"},{"surface":"αὔτως","lemma":"αὔτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εὔχεαι","gloss":"in vain"}]},{"number":389,"label":"389","id":"b11-l389","source":"οὐκ ἀλέγω, ὡς εἴ με γυνὴ βάλοι ἢ πάϊς ἄφρων·","translation":"I care no more than if a woman struck me, or a witless child,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l389.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"ἀλέγω","lemma":"ἀλέγω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"care"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"or as"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of βάλοι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"γυνὴ","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἢ","gloss":"a woman"},{"surface":"βάλοι","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"πάϊς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἢ","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"ἄφρων","lemma":"ἄφρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"witless"}]},{"number":390,"label":"390","id":"b11-l390","source":"κωφὸν γὰρ βέλος ἀνδρὸς ἀνάλκιδος οὐτιδανοῖο.","translation":"for dull is the shaft of a cowardly, worthless man.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l390.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κωφὸν","lemma":"κωφός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"dull"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"βέλος","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"shaft"},{"surface":"ἀνδρὸς","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies βέλος","gloss":"of a man"},{"surface":"ἀνάλκιδος","lemma":"ἄναλκις","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"cowardly"},{"surface":"οὐτιδανοῖο","lemma":"οὐτιδανός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"worthless"}]},{"number":391,"label":"391","id":"b11-l391","source":"ἦ τʼ ἄλλως ὑπʼ ἐμεῖο, καὶ εἴ κʼ ὀλίγον περ ἐπαύρῃ,","translation":"But a shaft from me is otherwise: even if it merely grazes,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l391.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἄλλως","lemma":"ἄλλως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"otherwise"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἐμεῖο","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ὑπ̓","gloss":"from me"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"even if"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ὀλίγον","lemma":"ὀλίγος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπαύρῃ","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἐπαύρῃ","lemma":"ἐπαυρέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"grazes"}]},{"number":392,"label":"392","id":"b11-l392","source":"ὀξὺ βέλος πέλεται, καὶ ἀκήριον αἶψα τίθησι.","translation":"it is sharp, and swiftly makes a man lifeless.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l392.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀξὺ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"βέλος","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of πέλεται","gloss":"shaft"},{"surface":"πέλεται","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀκήριον","lemma":"ἀκήριος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"complement of τίθησι","gloss":"spiritless"},{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τίθησι","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"τίθησι","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"makes"}]},{"number":393,"label":"393","id":"b11-l393","source":"τοῦ δὲ γυναικὸς μέν τʼ ἀμφίδρυφοί εἰσι παρειαί,","translation":"His wife's cheeks are torn on both sides,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l393.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies γυναικὸς","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γυναικὸς","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies παρειαί","gloss":"wife's"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"ἀμφίδρυφοί","lemma":"ἀμφίδρυφος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"torn both sides"},{"surface":"εἰσι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"παρειαί","lemma":"παρειά","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of εἰσι","gloss":"cheeks"}]},{"number":394,"label":"394","id":"b11-l394","source":"παῖδες δʼ ὀρφανικοί· ὃ δέ θʼ αἵματι γαῖαν ἐρεύθων","translation":"and his children are orphans; staining the earth red with blood,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l394.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παῖδες","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀρφανικοί","lemma":"ὀρφανικός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"orphaned"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πύθεται","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἵματι","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐρεύθων","gloss":"with blood"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐρεύθων","gloss":"the earth"},{"surface":"ἐρεύθων","lemma":"ἐρεύθω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πύθεται","gloss":"staining red"}]},{"number":395,"label":"395","id":"b11-l395","source":"πύθεται, οἰωνοὶ δὲ περὶ πλέες ἠὲ γυναῖκες.","translation":"he rots, and the birds around him are more numerous than the women.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l395.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πύθεται","lemma":"πύθω","morphology":"present passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he rots"},{"surface":"οἰωνοὶ","lemma":"οἰωνός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"the birds"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"πλέες","lemma":"πλέες","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἰωνοὶ","gloss":"more numerous"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἠέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"γυναῖκες","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἠὲ","gloss":"women"}]},{"number":396,"label":"396","id":"b11-l396","source":"ὣς φάτο, τοῦ δʼ Ὀδυσεὺς δουρικλυτὸς ἐγγύθεν ἐλθὼν","translation":"So he spoke, and Odysseus, famed with the spear, came near","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l396.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πρόσθ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔστη","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"δουρικλυτὸς","lemma":"δουρικλειτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσεὺς","gloss":"spear-famed"},{"surface":"ἐγγύθεν","lemma":"ἐγγύθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐλθὼν","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἐλθὼν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔστη","gloss":"came"}]},{"number":397,"label":"397","id":"b11-l397","source":"ἔστη πρόσθʼ· ὃ δʼ ὄπισθε καθεζόμενος βέλος ὠκὺ","translation":"and stood before him; behind, Diomedes sat and drew the swift shaft","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l397.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔστη","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"πρόσθ","lemma":"πρόσθεν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕλκ̓","gloss":"Diomedes"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄπισθε","lemma":"ὄπισθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καθεζόμενος","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"καθεζόμενος","lemma":"καθέζω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕλκ̓","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"βέλος","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἕλκ̓","gloss":"shaft"},{"surface":"ὠκὺ","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies βέλος","gloss":"swift"}]},{"number":398,"label":"398","id":"b11-l398","source":"ἐκ ποδὸς ἕλκʼ, ὀδύνη δὲ διὰ χροὸς ἦλθʼ ἀλεγεινή.","translation":"from his foot, and grievous pain passed through his flesh.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l398.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ποδὸς","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"foot"},{"surface":"ἕλκ","lemma":"ἕλκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew"},{"surface":"ὀδύνη","lemma":"ὀδύνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθ̓","gloss":"pain"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"χροὸς","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of διὰ","gloss":"flesh"},{"surface":"ἦλθ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"passed through"},{"surface":"ἀλεγεινή","lemma":"ἀλεγεινός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὀδύνη","gloss":"grievous"}]},{"number":399,"label":"399","id":"b11-l399","source":"ἐς δίφρον δʼ ἀνόρουσε, καὶ ἡνιόχῳ ἐπέτελλε","translation":"He sprang into his chariot and ordered his charioteer","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l399.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"δίφρον","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνόρουσε","lemma":"ἀνορούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sprang"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἡνιόχῳ","lemma":"ἡνίοχος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπέτελλε","gloss":"driver"},{"surface":"ἐπέτελλε","lemma":"ἐπιτέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave charge"}]},{"number":400,"label":"400","id":"b11-l400","source":"νηυσὶν ἔπι γλαφυρῇσιν ἐλαυνέμεν· ἤχθετο γὰρ κῆρ.","translation":"to drive toward the hollow ships, for his heart was heavy.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l400.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔπι","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"γλαφυρῇσιν","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶν","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"ἐλαυνέμεν","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐπέτελλε","gloss":"to drive"},{"surface":"ἤχθετο","lemma":"ἄχθομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"weighed down"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κῆρ","lemma":"κῆρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἤχθετο","gloss":"in his heart"}]},{"number":401,"label":"401","id":"b11-l401","source":"οἰώθη δʼ Ὀδυσεὺς δουρὶ κλυτός, οὐδέ τις αὐτῷ","translation":"Odysseus, famed with the spear, was left alone, and no one","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l401.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δουρὶ κλυτός","title":"Famed with the spear","body":"The epithet praises Odysseus for renown won with the spear. It brings his martial strength to the front as he is left alone, alongside the cunning for which he is better known."}],"words":[{"surface":"οἰώθη","lemma":"οἰόομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was left alone"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of οἰώθη","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"modifies Ὀδυσεὺς","gloss":"spear-famed"},{"surface":"κλυτός","lemma":"κλυτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"famed"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of παρέμεινεν","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of παρέμεινεν","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":402,"label":"402","id":"b11-l402","source":"Ἀργείων παρέμεινεν, ἐπεὶ φόβος ἔλλαβε πάντας·","translation":"of the Argives remained beside him, since panic seized them all;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l402.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργείων","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of the Argives"},{"surface":"παρέμεινεν","lemma":"παραμένω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"remained beside"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"φόβος","lemma":"φόβος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔλλαβε","gloss":"panic"},{"surface":"ἔλλαβε","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"seized"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἔλλαβε","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":403,"label":"403","id":"b11-l403","source":"ὀχθήσας δʼ ἄρα εἶπε πρὸς ὃν μεγαλήτορα θυμόν·","translation":"then in anguish he spoke to his own great-hearted spirit:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l403.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀχθήσας","lemma":"ὀχθέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἶπε","gloss":"troubled"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"εἶπε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμόν","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"μεγαλήτορα","lemma":"μεγαλήτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμόν","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"θυμόν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"spirit"}]},{"number":404,"label":"404","id":"b11-l404","source":"ὤ μοι ἐγὼ τί πάθω; μέγα μὲν κακὸν αἴ κε φέβωμαι","translation":"\"Ah me, what shall I do? It is a great evil if I flee","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l404.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"i"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of πάθω","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"πάθω","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall i do"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κακὸν","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"shall"},{"surface":"φέβωμαι","lemma":"φέβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"i flee"}]},{"number":405,"label":"405","id":"b11-l405","source":"πληθὺν ταρβήσας· τὸ δὲ ῥίγιον αἴ κεν ἁλώω","translation":"in fear of the multitude; yet worse if I am taken","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l405.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πληθὺν","lemma":"πληθύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ταρβήσας","gloss":"the throng"},{"surface":"ταρβήσας","lemma":"ταρβέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to φέβωμαι","gloss":"in fear"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"ῥίγιον","lemma":"ρίγιον","morphology":"singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"worse"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"i am"},{"surface":"ἁλώω","lemma":"ἁλίσκομαι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"taken"}]},{"number":406,"label":"406","id":"b11-l406","source":"μοῦνος· τοὺς δʼ ἄλλους Δαναοὺς ἐφόβησε Κρονίων.","translation":"alone. The son of Cronos has routed the other Danaans.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l406.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μοῦνος","lemma":"μόνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine article","role":"modifies Δαναοὺς","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄλλους","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Δαναοὺς","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"Δαναοὺς","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐφόβησε","gloss":"Danaans"},{"surface":"ἐφόβησε","lemma":"φοβέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"routed"},{"surface":"Κρονίων","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐφόβησε","gloss":"the son of Cronos"}]},{"number":407,"label":"407","id":"b11-l407","source":"ἀλλὰ τί ἤ μοι ταῦτα φίλος διελέξατο θυμός;","translation":"But why has my dear spirit debated this with me?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l407.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to διελέξατο","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of διελέξατο","gloss":"with me"},{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of διελέξατο","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμός","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"διελέξατο","lemma":"διαλέγω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"debated"},{"surface":"θυμός","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of διελέξατο","gloss":"spirit"}]},{"number":408,"label":"408","id":"b11-l408","source":"οἶδα γὰρ ὅττι κακοὶ μὲν ἀποίχονται πολέμοιο,","translation":"For I know that cowards withdraw from war,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l408.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἶδα","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"i know"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ὅττι","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"κακοὶ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἀποίχονται","gloss":"cowards"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀποίχονται","lemma":"ἀποίχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of δέ","gloss":"withdraw"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀποίχονται","gloss":"from war"}]},{"number":409,"label":"409","id":"b11-l409","source":"ὃς δέ κʼ ἀριστεύῃσι μάχῃ ἔνι τὸν δὲ μάλα χρεὼ","translation":"but whoever wins excellence in battle must","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l409.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὃς δέ κʼ ἀριστεύῃσι","title":"A general relative clause","body":"The relative pronoun ὅς with κεν and the subjunctive ἀριστεύῃσι describes whoever may prove best in battle, not one named warrior. The construction states a general rule of heroic conduct."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀριστεύῃσι","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"ἀριστεύῃσι","lemma":"ἀριστεύω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τὸν","gloss":"wins excellence"},{"surface":"μάχῃ","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔνι","gloss":"in battle"},{"surface":"ἔνι","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἑστάμεναι","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"χρεὼ","lemma":"χρεώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"must"}]},{"number":410,"label":"410","id":"b11-l410","source":"ἑστάμεναι κρατερῶς, ἤ τʼ ἔβλητʼ ἤ τʼ ἔβαλʼ ἄλλον.","translation":"stand firm, whether he is struck or strikes another.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l410.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑστάμεναι","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"perfect active infinitive","role":"object","gloss":"to stand firm"},{"surface":"κρατερῶς","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἑστάμεναι","gloss":"firmly"},{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἔβλητ","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἤ","gloss":"was struck"},{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἔβαλ","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἤ","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ἄλλον","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἔβαλ̓","gloss":"another"}]},{"number":411,"label":"411","id":"b11-l411","source":"εἷος ὃ ταῦθʼ ὥρμαινε κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμόν,","translation":"While he pondered these things in mind and spirit,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l411.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἷος","lemma":"εἷος","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὥρμαινε","gloss":"while he"},{"surface":"ταῦθ","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ὥρμαινε","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"ὥρμαινε","lemma":"ὁρμαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἷος","gloss":"was pondering"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρένα","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμόν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"spirit"}]},{"number":412,"label":"412","id":"b11-l412","source":"τόφρα δʼ ἐπὶ Τρώων στίχες ἤλυθον ἀσπιστάων,","translation":"the ranks of shield-bearing Trojans came on","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l412.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόφρα","lemma":"τόφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤλυθον","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies στίχες","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"στίχες","lemma":"στίξ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἤλυθον","gloss":"ranks"},{"surface":"ἤλυθον","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ἀσπιστάων","lemma":"ἀσπιστής","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρώων","gloss":"of shield-bearers"}]},{"number":413,"label":"413","id":"b11-l413","source":"ἔλσαν δʼ ἐν μέσσοισι, μετὰ σφίσι πῆμα τιθέντες.","translation":"and penned him in among them, bringing ruin on themselves.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l413.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔλσαν","lemma":"εἴλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"penned in"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"μέσσοισι","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"the midst"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"σφίσι","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"πῆμα","lemma":"πῆμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τιθέντες","gloss":"bane"},{"surface":"τιθέντες","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔλσαν","gloss":"bringing"}]},{"number":414,"label":"414","id":"b11-l414","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅτε κάπριον ἀμφὶ κύνες θαλεροί τʼ αἰζηοὶ","translation":"As when dogs and lusty young men rush around a boar,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l414.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"κάπριον","lemma":"κάπριος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφὶ","gloss":"wild boar"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"κύνες","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τ̓","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"θαλεροί","lemma":"θαλερός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies αἰζηοὶ","gloss":"vigorous"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰζηοὶ","lemma":"αἰζηός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of τ̓","gloss":"young men"}]},{"number":415,"label":"415","id":"b11-l415","source":"σεύωνται, ὃ δέ τʼ εἶσι βαθείης ἐκ ξυλόχοιο","translation":"and he comes out from a deep thicket,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l415.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σεύωνται","lemma":"σεύω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"rush"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἶσι","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἶσι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"goes"},{"surface":"βαθείης","lemma":"βαθύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ξυλόχοιο","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ξυλόχοιο","lemma":"ξύλοχος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"thicket"}]},{"number":416,"label":"416","id":"b11-l416","source":"θήγων λευκὸν ὀδόντα μετὰ γναμπτῇσι γένυσσιν,","translation":"whetting his white tusk between his curving jaws,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l416.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θήγων λευκὸν ὀδόντα","title":"Whetting the white tusk","body":"θήγων means sharpening or whetting. The boar works its white tusk between its curved jaws before the ring of hunters, making the comparison as physical and threatening as Odysseus' spear-work."}],"words":[{"surface":"θήγων","lemma":"θήγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἶσι","gloss":"whetting"},{"surface":"λευκὸν","lemma":"λευκός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀδόντα","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"ὀδόντα","lemma":"ὀδούς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of θήγων","gloss":"tusk"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"γναμπτῇσι","lemma":"γναμπτός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies γένυσσιν","gloss":"curving"},{"surface":"γένυσσιν","lemma":"γένυς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"jaws"}]},{"number":417,"label":"417","id":"b11-l417","source":"ἀμφὶ δέ τʼ ἀΐσσονται, ὑπαὶ δέ τε κόμπος ὀδόντων","translation":"and they dart around him, while beneath them the tusks clash","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l417.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀΐσσονται","gloss":"around him"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀΐσσονται","lemma":"ἀίσσω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"dart"},{"surface":"ὑπαὶ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κόμπος","lemma":"κόμπος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of γίγνεται","gloss":"ring"},{"surface":"ὀδόντων","lemma":"ὀδούς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies κόμπος","gloss":"of tusks"}]},{"number":418,"label":"418","id":"b11-l418","source":"γίγνεται, οἳ δὲ μένουσιν ἄφαρ δεινόν περ ἐόντα,","translation":"and ring; yet they stand fast at once, terrible though he is —","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l418.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γίγνεται","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"arises"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μένουσιν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μένουσιν","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"stand fast"},{"surface":"ἄφαρ","lemma":"ἄφαρ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μένουσιν","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δεινόν","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":419,"label":"419","id":"b11-l419","source":"ὥς ῥα τότʼ ἀμφʼ Ὀδυσῆα Διῒ φίλον ἐσσεύοντο","translation":"so then the Trojans rushed around Odysseus, dear to Zeus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l419.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐσσεύοντο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τότ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐσσεύοντο","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆα","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφ̓","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"Διῒ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies φίλον","gloss":"to Zeus"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσῆα","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἐσσεύοντο","lemma":"σεύω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rushed"}]},{"number":420,"label":"420","id":"b11-l420","source":"Τρῶες· ὃ δὲ πρῶτον μὲν ἀμύμονα Δηϊοπίτην","translation":"First he wounded blameless Deiopites,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l420.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐσσεύοντο","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of αὐτὰρ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"πρῶτον","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to οὔτασεν","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀμύμονα","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Δηϊοπίτην","gloss":"blameless"},{"surface":"Δηϊοπίτην","lemma":"Δηιοπίτης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of οὔτασεν","gloss":"Deiopites"}]},{"number":421,"label":"421","id":"b11-l421","source":"οὔτασεν ὦμον ὕπερθεν ἐπάλμενος ὀξέϊ δουρί,","translation":"leaping upon him and stabbing his shoulder from above with his sharp spear;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l421.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔτασεν","lemma":"οὐτάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wounded"},{"surface":"ὦμον","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὕπερθεν","gloss":"shoulder"},{"surface":"ὕπερθεν","lemma":"ὕπερθεν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"ἐπάλμενος","lemma":"ἐφάλλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to οὔτασεν","gloss":"sprang forward"},{"surface":"ὀξέϊ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δουρί","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"δουρί","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπάλμενος","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":422,"label":"422","id":"b11-l422","source":"αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα Θόωνα καὶ Ἔννομον ἐξενάριξε.","translation":"then after him he slew Thoon and Ennomus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l422.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐξενάριξε","gloss":"after him"},{"surface":"Θόωνα","lemma":"Θόων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Thoon"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἔννομον","lemma":"Ἔννομος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Ennomus"},{"surface":"ἐξενάριξε","lemma":"ἐξεναρίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slew"}]},{"number":423,"label":"423","id":"b11-l423","source":"Χερσιδάμαντα δʼ ἔπειτα καθʼ ἵππων ἀΐξαντα","translation":"Then Chersidamas, as he sprang down from his chariot,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l423.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Χερσιδάμαντα","lemma":"Χερσιδάμας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of νύξεν","gloss":"Chersidamas"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to νύξεν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"καθ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"down from"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of καθ̓","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"ἀΐξαντα","lemma":"ἀίσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"leaping"}]},{"number":424,"label":"424","id":"b11-l424","source":"δουρὶ κατὰ πρότμησιν ὑπʼ ἀσπίδος ὀμφαλοέσσης","translation":"he stabbed with his spear in the lower belly beneath the bossed shield;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l424.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κατὰ πρότμησιν","title":"A thrust to the lower belly","body":"πρότμησις marks the lower front of the belly, exposed beneath the shield's edge as Chersidamas jumps down. Homer locates the spear-thrust precisely rather than merely saying that the man was wounded."}],"words":[{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to νύξεν","gloss":"with his spear"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πρότμησιν","lemma":"πρότμησις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"lower belly"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"ἀσπίδος","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπ̓","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"ὀμφαλοέσσης","lemma":"ὀμφαλόεις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀσπίδος","gloss":"bossed"}]},{"number":425,"label":"425","id":"b11-l425","source":"νύξεν· ὃ δʼ ἐν κονίῃσι πεσὼν ἕλε γαῖαν ἀγοστῷ.","translation":"he fell in the dust and clutched the earth in his palm.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l425.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νύξεν","lemma":"νύσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stabbed"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕλε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κονίῃσι","lemma":"κονία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"dust"},{"surface":"πεσὼν","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕλε","gloss":"having fallen"},{"surface":"ἕλε","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"clutched"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἕλε","gloss":"the earth"},{"surface":"ἀγοστῷ","lemma":"ἀγοστός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἕλε","gloss":"palm"}]},{"number":426,"label":"426","id":"b11-l426","source":"τοὺς μὲν ἔασʼ, ὃ δʼ ἄρʼ Ἱππασίδην Χάροπʼ οὔτασε δουρὶ","translation":"He left those men, then wounded Charops, son of Hippasus, with his spear,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l426.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔασ̓","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔασ","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of οὔτασε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἱππασίδην","lemma":"Ἱππασίδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Χάροπ̓","gloss":"son of Hippasus"},{"surface":"Χάροπ","lemma":"Χάροψ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Charops"},{"surface":"οὔτασε","lemma":"οὐτάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wounded"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to οὔτασε","gloss":"with his spear"}]},{"number":427,"label":"427","id":"b11-l427","source":"αὐτοκασίγνητον εὐηφενέος Σώκοιο.","translation":"the own brother of wealthy Socus.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l427.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτοκασίγνητον","lemma":"αὐτοκασίγνητος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"own brother"},{"surface":"εὐηφενέος","lemma":"εὐηφενής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Σώκοιο","gloss":"wealthy"},{"surface":"Σώκοιο","lemma":"Σῶκος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies αὐτοκασίγνητον","gloss":"Socus"}]},{"number":428,"label":"428","id":"b11-l428","source":"τῷ δʼ ἐπαλεξήσων Σῶκος κίεν ἰσόθεος φώς,","translation":"To defend him came Socus, a godlike hero;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l428.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπαλεξήσων","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπαλεξήσων","lemma":"ἐπαλέξω","morphology":"future active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κίεν","gloss":"to defend"},{"surface":"Σῶκος","lemma":"Σῶκος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Socus"},{"surface":"κίεν","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ἰσόθεος","lemma":"ἰσόθεος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies φώς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"φώς","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"hero"}]},{"number":429,"label":"429","id":"b11-l429","source":"στῆ δὲ μάλʼ ἐγγὺς ἰὼν καί μιν πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπεν","translation":"he came and stood very near, and spoke a word to him:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l429.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ἐγγὺς","lemma":"ἐγγύς","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἰὼν","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἰὼν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to στῆ","gloss":"coming"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔειπεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔειπεν","gloss":"a word"},{"surface":"ἔειπεν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":430,"label":"430","id":"b11-l430","source":"ὦ Ὀδυσεῦ πολύαινε δόλων ἆτʼ ἠδὲ πόνοιο","translation":"\"Odysseus, much-praised, insatiate in guile and toil,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l430.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πολύαινε δόλων ἆτʼ ἠδὲ πόνοιο","title":"Praise turned into a taunt","body":"πολύαινος, much-praised, is a genuine honorific for Odysseus, but Socus couples it with being insatiable in guile and toil. The line makes the hero's endurance and cunning sound predatory in an enemy's mouth."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"o"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεῦ","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"πολύαινε","lemma":"πολύαινος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"much-praised"},{"surface":"δόλων","lemma":"δόλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"guile"},{"surface":"ἆτ","lemma":"ἄατος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"insatiate"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πόνοιο","lemma":"πόνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"toil"}]},{"number":431,"label":"431","id":"b11-l431","source":"σήμερον ἢ δοιοῖσιν ἐπεύξεαι Ἱππασίδῃσι","translation":"today either you will boast over the two sons of Hippasus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l431.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σήμερον","lemma":"σήμερον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤ","gloss":"today"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"δοιοῖσιν","lemma":"δοιοί","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἱππασίδῃσι","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"ἐπεύξεαι","lemma":"ἐπεύχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will boast over"},{"surface":"Ἱππασίδῃσι","lemma":"Ἱππασίδης","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπεύξεαι","gloss":"sons of Hippasus"}]},{"number":432,"label":"432","id":"b11-l432","source":"τοιώδʼ ἄνδρε κατακτείνας καὶ τεύχεʼ ἀπούρας,","translation":"after killing two such men as us and stripping our armor,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l432.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοιώδ","lemma":"τοιόσδε","morphology":"accusative dual masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἄνδρε","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"ἄνδρε","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative dual masculine noun","role":"object of κατακτείνας","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"κατακτείνας","lemma":"κατακτείνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"after killing"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τεύχε","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπούρας","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἀπούρας","lemma":"ἀπαυράω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"having taken"}]},{"number":433,"label":"433","id":"b11-l433","source":"ἤ κεν ἐμῷ ὑπὸ δουρὶ τυπεὶς ἀπὸ θυμὸν ὀλέσσῃς.","translation":"or, struck beneath my spear, you will lose your life.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l433.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"ἐμῷ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δουρὶ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"τυπεὶς","lemma":"τύπτω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὀλέσσῃς","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀλέσσῃς","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"ὀλέσσῃς","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you lose"}]},{"number":434,"label":"434","id":"b11-l434","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν οὔτησε κατʼ ἀσπίδα πάντοσʼ ἐΐσην.","translation":"So speaking, he struck the shield, round on every side.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l434.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to οὔτησε","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"οὔτησε","lemma":"οὐτάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ἀσπίδα","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κατ̓","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"πάντοσ","lemma":"πάντοσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"on every side"},{"surface":"ἐΐσην","lemma":"ἔισος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀσπίδα","gloss":"round"}]},{"number":435,"label":"435","id":"b11-l435","source":"διὰ μὲν ἀσπίδος ἦλθε φαεινῆς ὄβριμον ἔγχος,","translation":"Through the shining shield went the mighty spear,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l435.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀσπίδος","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of διὰ","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"φαεινῆς","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀσπίδος","gloss":"shining"},{"surface":"ὄβριμον","lemma":"ὄβριμος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἦλθε","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":436,"label":"436","id":"b11-l436","source":"καὶ διὰ θώρηκος πολυδαιδάλου ἠρήρειστο,","translation":"and through the corselet, richly worked, it drove on,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l436.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"θώρηκος","lemma":"θώραξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of διὰ","gloss":"corselet"},{"surface":"πολυδαιδάλου","lemma":"πολυδαίδαλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θώρηκος","gloss":"richly wrought"},{"surface":"ἠρήρειστο","lemma":"ἐρείδω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had been driven"}]},{"number":437,"label":"437","id":"b11-l437","source":"πάντα δʼ ἀπὸ πλευρῶν χρόα ἔργαθεν, οὐδʼ ἔτʼ ἔασε","translation":"and tore all the flesh away from his ribs; nor did","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l437.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χρόα","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"away from"},{"surface":"πλευρῶν","lemma":"πλευρά","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"ribs"},{"surface":"χρόα","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔργαθεν","gloss":"flesh"},{"surface":"ἔργαθεν","lemma":"ἐργαθεῖν","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"severed"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔασε","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"ἔασε","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"left"}]},{"number":438,"label":"438","id":"b11-l438","source":"Παλλὰς Ἀθηναίη μιχθήμεναι ἔγκασι φωτός.","translation":"Pallas Athena allow it to mingle with the man's entrails.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l438.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Παλλὰς","lemma":"Παλλάς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθηναίη","gloss":"Pallas"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔασε","gloss":"Athena"},{"surface":"μιχθήμεναι","lemma":"μίγνυμι","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"object of ἔασε","gloss":"to mingle"},{"surface":"ἔγκασι","lemma":"ἔγκατα","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of μιχθήμεναι","gloss":"entrails"},{"surface":"φωτός","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἔγκασι","gloss":"man's"}]},{"number":439,"label":"439","id":"b11-l439","source":"γνῶ δʼ Ὀδυσεὺς ὅ οἱ οὔ τι τέλος κατακαίριον ἦλθεν,","translation":"Odysseus knew that no fatal end had reached him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l439.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γνῶ","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦλθεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἦλθεν","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"τέλος","lemma":"τέλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἦλθεν","gloss":"end"},{"surface":"κατακαίριον","lemma":"κατακαίριος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέλος","gloss":"fatal"},{"surface":"ἦλθεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ὅ","gloss":"reached"}]},{"number":440,"label":"440","id":"b11-l440","source":"ἂψ δʼ ἀναχωρήσας Σῶκον πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπεν·","translation":"and, drawing back, he spoke a word to Socus:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l440.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀναχωρήσας","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀναχωρήσας","lemma":"ἀναχωρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔειπεν","gloss":"drawing back"},{"surface":"Σῶκον","lemma":"Σῶκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔειπεν","gloss":"Socus"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔειπεν","gloss":"a word"},{"surface":"ἔειπεν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":441,"label":"441","id":"b11-l441","source":"ἆ δείλʼ ἦ μάλα δή σε κιχάνεται αἰπὺς ὄλεθρος.","translation":"\"Ah, wretch, sheer destruction is surely overtaking you.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l441.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἆ","lemma":"ἆ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"δείλ","lemma":"δείλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"wretch"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of κιχάνεται","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"κιχάνεται","lemma":"κιχάνω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"overtakes"},{"surface":"αἰπὺς","lemma":"αἰπύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄλεθρος","gloss":"sheer"},{"surface":"ὄλεθρος","lemma":"ὄλεθρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κιχάνεται","gloss":"destruction"}]},{"number":442,"label":"442","id":"b11-l442","source":"ἤτοι μέν ῥʼ ἔμʼ ἔπαυσας ἐπὶ Τρώεσσι μάχεσθαι·","translation":"You have indeed stopped me from fighting among the Trojans;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l442.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔμ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μάχεσθαι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἔπαυσας","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stopped"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"among the Trojans"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἔπαυσας","gloss":"from fighting"}]},{"number":443,"label":"443","id":"b11-l443","source":"σοὶ δʼ ἐγὼ ἐνθάδε φημὶ φόνον καὶ κῆρα μέλαιναν","translation":"But for you I declare that slaughter and black doom","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l443.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of φημὶ","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φημὶ","gloss":"i"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδε","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσσεσθαι","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"φημὶ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"i say"},{"surface":"φόνον","lemma":"φόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"slaughter"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κῆρα","lemma":"κήρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"doom"},{"surface":"μέλαιναν","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κῆρα","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":444,"label":"444","id":"b11-l444","source":"ἤματι τῷδʼ ἔσσεσθαι, ἐμῷ δʼ ὑπὸ δουρὶ δαμέντα","translation":"will be here this day; struck down beneath my spear,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l444.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤματι","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἔσσεσθαι","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"τῷδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"dative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἤματι","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἔσσεσθαι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"ἐμῷ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δουρὶ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"δαμέντα","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"brought down"}]},{"number":445,"label":"445","id":"b11-l445","source":"εὖχος ἐμοὶ δώσειν, ψυχὴν δʼ Ἄϊδι κλυτοπώλῳ.","translation":"you will give glory to me, and your life to Hades of the famous horses.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l445.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ἄϊδι κλυτοπώλῳ","title":"Hades of the famous horses","body":"κλυτοπώλος is Hades' rare horse-epithet, built from words for fame and horse or foal. The fixed phrase gives the underworld god the same concrete honorific force as a warrior."}],"words":[{"surface":"εὖχος","lemma":"εὖχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δώσειν","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δώσειν","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"δώσειν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"you will give"},{"surface":"ψυχὴν","lemma":"ψυχή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"your life"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἄϊδι","lemma":"Ἀΐδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"to Hades"},{"surface":"κλυτοπώλῳ","lemma":"κλυτόπωλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄϊδι","gloss":"of famous horses"}]},{"number":446,"label":"446","id":"b11-l446","source":"ἦ, καὶ ὃ μὲν φύγαδʼ αὖτις ὑποστρέψας ἐβεβήκει,","translation":"He spoke, and Socus turned again and fled,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l446.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐβεβήκει","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"φύγαδ","lemma":"φύγαδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐβεβήκει","gloss":"fled"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐβεβήκει","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ὑποστρέψας","lemma":"ὑποστρέφω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐβεβήκει","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"ἐβεβήκει","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"}]},{"number":447,"label":"447","id":"b11-l447","source":"τῷ δὲ μεταστρεφθέντι μεταφρένῳ ἐν δόρυ πῆξεν","translation":"As he turned, Odysseus planted the spear into his back","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l447.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τῷ δὲ μεταστρεφθέντι","title":"The turn comes first","body":"μεταστρεφθέντι is an aorist passive participle used in an intransitive sense, referring to Socus after he has turned away. Odysseus then drives the spear into the back of the fleeing man."}],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies μεταφρένῳ","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μεταστρεφθέντι","lemma":"μεταστρέφω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as he turned"},{"surface":"μεταφρένῳ","lemma":"μετάφρενον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"δόρυ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative neuter noun","role":"object of πῆξεν","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"πῆξεν","lemma":"πήγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"planted"}]},{"number":448,"label":"448","id":"b11-l448","source":"ὤμων μεσσηγύς, διὰ δὲ στήθεσφιν ἔλασσε,","translation":"between the shoulders, and drove it through his chest;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l448.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤμων","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μεσσηγύς","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"μεσσηγύς","lemma":"μεσηγύ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στήθεσφιν","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of διὰ","gloss":"his chest"},{"surface":"ἔλασσε","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove"}]},{"number":449,"label":"449","id":"b11-l449","source":"δούπησεν δὲ πεσών· ὃ δʼ ἐπεύξατο δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"he fell with a thud, and godlike Odysseus vaunted over him:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l449.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δούπησεν","lemma":"δουπέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell with a thud"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πεσών","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δούπησεν","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπεύξατο","lemma":"ἐπεύχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"vaunted over him"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":450,"label":"450","id":"b11-l450","source":"ὦ Σῶχʼ Ἱππάσου υἱὲ δαΐφρονος ἱπποδάμοιο","translation":"\"Socus, son of Hippasus the war-skilled tamer of horses,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l450.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"o"},{"surface":"Σῶχ","lemma":"Σῶκος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Socus"},{"surface":"Ἱππάσου","lemma":"Ἵππασος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὲ","gloss":"Hippasus"},{"surface":"υἱὲ","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"δαΐφρονος","lemma":"δαίφρων","morphology":"genitive singular adjective","role":"modifies Ἱππάσου","gloss":"war-skilled"},{"surface":"ἱπποδάμοιο","lemma":"ἱππόδαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἱππάσου","gloss":"horse-tamer"}]},{"number":451,"label":"451","id":"b11-l451","source":"φθῆ σε τέλος θανάτοιο κιχήμενον, οὐδʼ ὑπάλυξας.","translation":"death's end was first to overtake you, and you did not escape it.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l451.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φθῆ","lemma":"φθάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was first"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of φθῆ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"τέλος","lemma":"τέλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of φθῆ","gloss":"end"},{"surface":"θανάτοιο","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τέλος","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"κιχήμενον","lemma":"κιχάνω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular neuter","role":"adverbial to φθῆ","gloss":"to overtake"},{"surface":"ὑπάλυξας","lemma":"ὑπαλύσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"escape"}]},{"number":452,"label":"452","id":"b11-l452","source":"ἆ δείλʼ οὐ μὲν σοί γε πατὴρ καὶ πότνια μήτηρ","translation":"Wretch, your father and queenly mother will not","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l452.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἆ","lemma":"ἆ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"δείλ","lemma":"δείλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σοί","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of καθαιρήσουσι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πότνια","lemma":"πότνια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μήτηρ","gloss":"queenly"},{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"mother"}]},{"number":453,"label":"453","id":"b11-l453","source":"ὄσσε καθαιρήσουσι θανόντι περ, ἀλλʼ οἰωνοὶ","translation":"close your eyes, though you are dead, but birds","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l453.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄσσε","lemma":"ὄσσα","morphology":"accusative dual neuter noun","role":"object of καθαιρήσουσι","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"καθαιρήσουσι","lemma":"καθαιρέω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"close"},{"surface":"θανόντι","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"dead"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οἰωνοὶ","lemma":"οἰωνός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐρύουσι","gloss":"birds"}]},{"number":454,"label":"454","id":"b11-l454","source":"ὠμησταὶ ἐρύουσι, περὶ πτερὰ πυκνὰ βαλόντες.","translation":"that eat raw flesh will tear you, wrapping thick wings around you.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l454.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὠμησταὶ","lemma":"ὠμηστής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἰωνοὶ","gloss":"raw-flesh-eating"},{"surface":"ἐρύουσι","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will tear"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"πτερὰ","lemma":"πτερόν","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of βαλόντες","gloss":"wings"},{"surface":"πυκνὰ","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"thick"},{"surface":"βαλόντες","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐρύουσι","gloss":"wrapping"}]},{"number":455,"label":"455","id":"b11-l455","source":"αὐτὰρ ἔμʼ, εἴ κε θάνω, κτεριοῦσί γε δῖοι Ἀχαιοί.","translation":"But if I die, the godlike Achaeans will bury me.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l455.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔμ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κτεριοῦσί","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"θάνω","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"i die"},{"surface":"κτεριοῦσί","lemma":"κτερίζω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bury"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"δῖοι","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοί","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of κτεριοῦσί","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":456,"label":"456","id":"b11-l456","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν Σώκοιο δαΐφρονος ὄβριμον ἔγχος","translation":"So speaking, he drew warlike Socus' mighty spear","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l456.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕλκε","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"Σώκοιο","lemma":"Σῶκος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"Socus"},{"surface":"δαΐφρονος","lemma":"δαίφρων","morphology":"genitive singular adjective","role":"modifies Σώκοιο","gloss":"warlike"},{"surface":"ὄβριμον","lemma":"ὄβριμος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἕλκε","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":457,"label":"457","id":"b11-l457","source":"ἔξω τε χροὸς ἕλκε καὶ ἀσπίδος ὀμφαλοέσσης·","translation":"out of his flesh and out of the bossed shield;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l457.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔξω","lemma":"ἔξω","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χροὸς","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"flesh"},{"surface":"ἕλκε","lemma":"ἕλκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀσπίδος","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"ὀμφαλοέσσης","lemma":"ὀμφαλόεις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀσπίδος","gloss":"bossed"}]},{"number":458,"label":"458","id":"b11-l458","source":"αἷμα δέ οἱ σπασθέντος ἀνέσσυτο, κῆδε δὲ θυμόν.","translation":"blood spurted up as it was drawn, and troubled his spirit.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l458.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"αἷμα δέ οἱ σπασθέντος ἀνέσσυτο","title":"Blood follows the spear","body":"The blood spurts upward only when Odysseus pulls the spear free. The sequence matters: Athena has spared his entrails, but removing the weapon opens the wound and brings immediate danger."}],"words":[{"surface":"αἷμα","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἀνέσσυτο","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies αἷμα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"σπασθέντος","lemma":"σπάω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifies αἷμα","gloss":"as it was drawn"},{"surface":"ἀνέσσυτο","lemma":"ἀνασεύομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spurted up"},{"surface":"κῆδε","lemma":"κήδω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"troubled"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θυμόν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κῆδε","gloss":"spirit"}]},{"number":459,"label":"459","id":"b11-l459","source":"Τρῶες δὲ μεγάθυμοι ὅπως ἴδον αἷμʼ Ὀδυσῆος","translation":"When the great-hearted Trojans saw Odysseus' blood,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l459.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔβησαν","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μεγάθυμοι","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρῶες","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"ὅπως","lemma":"ὅπως","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἴδον","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὅπως","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"αἷμ","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἴδον","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies αἷμ̓","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":460,"label":"460","id":"b11-l460","source":"κεκλόμενοι καθʼ ὅμιλον ἐπʼ αὐτῷ πάντες ἔβησαν.","translation":"calling through the throng, they all advanced upon him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l460.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεκλόμενοι","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔβησαν","gloss":"calling"},{"surface":"καθ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ὅμιλον","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καθ̓","gloss":"the throng"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἔβησαν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"advanced"}]},{"number":461,"label":"461","id":"b11-l461","source":"αὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ ἐξοπίσω ἀνεχάζετο, αὖε δʼ ἑταίρους.","translation":"But he gave ground backward and called to his companions.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l461.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"ἐξοπίσω","lemma":"ἐξοπίσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἀνεχάζετο","gloss":"backward"},{"surface":"ἀνεχάζετο","lemma":"ἀναχάζω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew back"},{"surface":"αὖε","lemma":"αὔω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cried out"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑταίρους","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of αὖε","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":462,"label":"462","id":"b11-l462","source":"τρὶς μὲν ἔπειτʼ ἤϋσεν ὅσον κεφαλὴ χάδε φωτός,","translation":"Three times he shouted as loud as a man's head could hold,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l462.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὅσον κεφαλὴ χάδε φωτός","title":"A headful of voice","body":"The compressed formula says that Odysseus cries as much as a man's head can contain. The bodily measure makes this a full-voiced battlefield call, repeated three times."}],"words":[{"surface":"τρὶς","lemma":"τρίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤϋσεν","gloss":"three times"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤϋσεν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἤϋσεν","lemma":"αὔω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shouted"},{"surface":"ὅσον","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to χάδε","gloss":"as loud as"},{"surface":"κεφαλὴ","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of χάδε","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"χάδε","lemma":"χανδάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἤϋσεν","gloss":"could contain"},{"surface":"φωτός","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κεφαλὴ","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":463,"label":"463","id":"b11-l463","source":"τρὶς δʼ ἄϊεν ἰάχοντος ἄρηι φίλος Μενέλαος.","translation":"and three times Menelaus, dear to Ares, heard his cry.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l463.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τρὶς","lemma":"τρίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄϊεν","gloss":"three times"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄϊεν","lemma":"ἀίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"ἰάχοντος","lemma":"ἰάχω","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"object of ἄϊεν","gloss":"his shouting"},{"surface":"ἄρηι","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies φίλος","gloss":"Ares"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενέλαος","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"Μενέλαος","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄϊεν","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":464,"label":"464","id":"b11-l464","source":"αἶψα δʼ ἄρʼ Αἴαντα προσεφώνεεν ἐγγὺς ἐόντα·","translation":"At once he called to Ajax, who was near:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l464.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσεφώνεεν","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Αἴαντα","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσεφώνεεν","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"προσεφώνεεν","lemma":"προσφωνέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called to"},{"surface":"ἐγγὺς","lemma":"ἐγγύς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐόντα","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"who was"}]},{"number":465,"label":"465","id":"b11-l465","source":"Αἶαν διογενὲς Τελαμώνιε κοίρανε λαῶν","translation":"\"Ajax, sprung from Zeus, son of Telamon, marshal of men,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l465.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Αἶαν διογενὲς Τελαμώνιε κοίρανε λαῶν","title":"Four vocatives for Ajax","body":"Ajax's name and three titles all stand in the vocative case: Ajax, sprung from Zeus, son of Telamon, marshal of men. The piled address gives urgency and identifies the greater Ajax without ambiguity."}],"words":[{"surface":"Αἶαν","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"διογενὲς","lemma":"διογενής","morphology":"vocative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies Αἶαν","gloss":"sprung from Zeus"},{"surface":"Τελαμώνιε","lemma":"Τελαμών","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἶαν","gloss":"Telamonian"},{"surface":"κοίρανε","lemma":"κοίρανος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"marshal"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies κοίρανε","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":466,"label":"466","id":"b11-l466","source":"ἀμφί μʼ Ὀδυσσῆος ταλασίφρονος ἵκετʼ ἀϋτὴ","translation":"the cry of stout-hearted Odysseus has reached me,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l466.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ὀδυσσῆος ταλασίφρονος","title":"Stout-hearted Odysseus","body":"ταλασίφρων means enduring in spirit or mind. It is a standing Odyssean epithet that suits this scene precisely: wounded and isolated, Odysseus still holds his ground and calls for aid."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφί","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀμφί","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀϋτὴ","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"ταλασίφρονος","lemma":"ταλασίφρων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσῆος","gloss":"stout-hearted"},{"surface":"ἵκετ","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"ἀϋτὴ","lemma":"ἀυτή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἵκετ̓","gloss":"the battle-cry"}]},{"number":467,"label":"467","id":"b11-l467","source":"τῷ ἰκέλη ὡς εἴ ἑ βιῴατο μοῦνον ἐόντα","translation":"as if the Trojans were overpowering him there alone,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l467.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἰκέλη","gloss":"to it"},{"surface":"ἰκέλη","lemma":"ἴκελος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀϋτὴ","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"ἑ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of βιῴατο","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"βιῴατο","lemma":"βιάω","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"were overpowering"},{"surface":"μοῦνον","lemma":"μόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":468,"label":"468","id":"b11-l468","source":"Τρῶες ἀποτμήξαντες ἐνὶ κρατερῇ ὑσμίνῃ.","translation":"cutting him off in the furious battle.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l468.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of βιῴατο","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἀποτμήξαντες","lemma":"ἀποτμήγω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to βιῴατο","gloss":"cutting him off"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κρατερῇ","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὑσμίνῃ","gloss":"furious"},{"surface":"ὑσμίνῃ","lemma":"ὑσμίνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"battle"}]},{"number":469,"label":"469","id":"b11-l469","source":"ἀλλʼ ἴομεν καθʼ ὅμιλον· ἀλεξέμεναι γὰρ ἄμεινον.","translation":"But let us go through the throng; it is better to defend him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l469.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἴομεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us go"},{"surface":"καθ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ὅμιλον","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καθ̓","gloss":"the throng"},{"surface":"ἀλεξέμεναι","lemma":"ἀλέξω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"to defend"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἄμεινον","lemma":"ἀμείνων","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"better"}]},{"number":470,"label":"470","id":"b11-l470","source":"δείδω μή τι πάθῃσιν ἐνὶ Τρώεσσι μονωθεὶς","translation":"I fear he may suffer harm among the Trojans, left alone,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l470.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δείδω","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"i fear"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of πάθῃσιν","gloss":"some harm"},{"surface":"πάθῃσιν","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"may suffer"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"μονωθεὶς","lemma":"μονόω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πάθῃσιν","gloss":"left alone"}]},{"number":471,"label":"471","id":"b11-l471","source":"ἐσθλὸς ἐών, μεγάλη δὲ ποθὴ Δαναοῖσι γένηται.","translation":"noble as he is, and great longing come upon the Danaans.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l471.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐσθλὸς","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"ἐών","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πάθῃσιν","gloss":"as he is"},{"surface":"μεγάλη","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ποθὴ","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ποθὴ","lemma":"ποθή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of γένηται","gloss":"longing"},{"surface":"Δαναοῖσι","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of γένηται","gloss":"the Danaans"},{"surface":"γένηται","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"may come"}]},{"number":472,"label":"472","id":"b11-l472","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν ὃ μὲν ἦρχʼ, ὃ δʼ ἅμʼ ἕσπετο ἰσόθεος φώς.","translation":"So speaking, Menelaus led, and the godlike hero followed with him.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l472.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦρχ̓","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦρχ̓","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἦρχ","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕσπετο","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ἕσπετο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"},{"surface":"ἰσόθεος","lemma":"ἰσόθεος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies φώς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"φώς","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"the man"}]},{"number":473,"label":"473","id":"b11-l473","source":"εὗρον ἔπειτʼ Ὀδυσῆα Διῒ φίλον· ἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρʼ αὐτὸν","translation":"Then they found Odysseus, dear to Zeus; around him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l473.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὗρον","lemma":"εὑρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εὗρον","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆα","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εὗρον","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"Διῒ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies φίλον","gloss":"to Zeus"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσῆα","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀμφὶ","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":474,"label":"474","id":"b11-l474","source":"Τρῶες ἕπονθʼ ὡς εἴ τε δαφοινοὶ θῶες ὄρεσφιν","translation":"the Trojans pressed like blood-red jackals in the mountains","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l474.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δαφοινοὶ θῶες","title":"Blood-red jackals","body":"δαφοινός evokes the tawny red of blood, while θῶες are jackals or similar wild scavengers. The comparison casts the massed Trojans as a hungry pack closing on a wounded quarry."}],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕπονθ̓","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ἕπονθ","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pressed"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"as when"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δαφοινοὶ","lemma":"δαφοινός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θῶες","gloss":"blood-red"},{"surface":"θῶες","lemma":"θώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"jackals"},{"surface":"ὄρεσφιν","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"mountains"}]},{"number":475,"label":"475","id":"b11-l475","source":"ἀμφʼ ἔλαφον κεραὸν βεβλημένον, ὅν τʼ ἔβαλʼ ἀνὴρ","translation":"around a horned stag that has been wounded, one a man struck","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l475.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"ἔλαφον","lemma":"ἔλαφος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφ̓","gloss":"stag"},{"surface":"κεραὸν","lemma":"κεραός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἔλαφον","gloss":"horned"},{"surface":"βεβλημένον","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"wounded"},{"surface":"ὅν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔβαλ̓","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔβαλ","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔβαλ̓","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":476,"label":"476","id":"b11-l476","source":"ἰῷ ἀπὸ νευρῆς· τὸν μέν τʼ ἤλυξε πόδεσσι","translation":"with an arrow from the string; the stag escaped him on foot","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l476.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἰῷ","lemma":"ἰός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔβαλ̓","gloss":"arrow"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"νευρῆς","lemma":"νευρά","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀπὸ","gloss":"bowstring"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἤλυξε","gloss":"the stag"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤλυξε","lemma":"ἀλύσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τ̓","gloss":"escaped"},{"surface":"πόδεσσι","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to φεύγων","gloss":"on foot"}]},{"number":477,"label":"477","id":"b11-l477","source":"φεύγων, ὄφρʼ αἷμα λιαρὸν καὶ γούνατʼ ὀρώρῃ·","translation":"as it fled, while its blood was warm and its knees still moved;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l477.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φεύγων","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤλυξε","gloss":"as it fled"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"αἷμα","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"λιαρὸν","lemma":"λιαρός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies αἷμα","gloss":"warm"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γούνατ","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"nominative dual neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"knees"},{"surface":"ὀρώρῃ","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"perfect active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφῤ","gloss":"still moved"}]},{"number":478,"label":"478","id":"b11-l478","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ τόν γε δαμάσσεται ὠκὺς ὀϊστός,","translation":"but when the swift arrow overpowers it,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l478.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δαμάσσεται","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"δαμάσσεται","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"overpowers"},{"surface":"ὠκὺς","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀϊστός","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ὀϊστός","lemma":"ὀιστός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δαμάσσεται","gloss":"arrow"}]},{"number":479,"label":"479","id":"b11-l479","source":"ὠμοφάγοι μιν θῶες ἐν οὔρεσι δαρδάπτουσιν","translation":"raw-flesh-eating jackals devour it in the mountains","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l479.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὠμοφάγοι","lemma":"ὠμοφάγος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θῶες","gloss":"raw-flesh-eating"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δαρδάπτουσιν","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"θῶες","lemma":"θώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δαρδάπτουσιν","gloss":"jackals"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"οὔρεσι","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"mountains"},{"surface":"δαρδάπτουσιν","lemma":"δαρδάπτω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"devour"}]},{"number":480,"label":"480","id":"b11-l480","source":"ἐν νέμεϊ σκιερῷ· ἐπί τε λῖν ἤγαγε δαίμων","translation":"in a shady woodland; then a god brings a lion against them,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l480.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"νέμεϊ","lemma":"νέμος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"wooded glen"},{"surface":"σκιερῷ","lemma":"σκιερός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies νέμεϊ","gloss":"shady"},{"surface":"ἐπί","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"λῖν","lemma":"λίς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἤγαγε","gloss":"a lion"},{"surface":"ἤγαγε","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brings"},{"surface":"δαίμων","lemma":"δαίμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤγαγε","gloss":"a god"}]},{"number":481,"label":"481","id":"b11-l481","source":"σίντην· θῶες μέν τε διέτρεσαν, αὐτὰρ ὃ δάπτει·","translation":"a ravager; the jackals scatter, but the lion devours the stag.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l481.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σίντην","lemma":"σίντης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λῖν","gloss":"a ravager"},{"surface":"θῶες","lemma":"θώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of διέτρεσαν","gloss":"jackals"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"διέτρεσαν","lemma":"διατρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fled apart"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δάπτει","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δάπτει","lemma":"δάπτω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"devours"}]},{"number":482,"label":"482","id":"b11-l482","source":"ὥς ῥα τότʼ ἀμφʼ Ὀδυσῆα δαΐφρονα ποικιλομήτην","translation":"So then around Odysseus, skilled in war and intricate in counsel,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l482.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δαΐφρονα ποικιλομήτην","title":"Warcraft and intricate counsel","body":"Two epithets are paired in the accusative. δαΐφρων marks Odysseus as skilled in the work of battle, while ποικιλομήτης praises a mind of intricate, many-patterned counsel."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕπον","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τότ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕπον","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆα","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφ̓","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"δαΐφρονα","lemma":"δαίφρων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"warlike"},{"surface":"ποικιλομήτην","lemma":"ποικιλομήτης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"wily"}]},{"number":483,"label":"483","id":"b11-l483","source":"Τρῶες ἕπον πολλοί τε καὶ ἄλκιμοι, αὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ ἥρως","translation":"many brave Trojans pressed, but the hero","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l483.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕπον","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ἕπον","lemma":"ἕπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pressed"},{"surface":"πολλοί","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλκιμοι","lemma":"ἄλκιμος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"brave"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies ἥρως","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἥρως","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀμύνετο","gloss":"the hero"}]},{"number":484,"label":"484","id":"b11-l484","source":"ἀΐσσων ᾧ ἔγχει ἀμύνετο νηλεὲς ἦμαρ.","translation":"darting with his spear, held off the pitiless day.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l484.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀΐσσων","lemma":"ἀίσσω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀμύνετο","gloss":"darting"},{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχει","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἔγχει","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμύνετο","gloss":"with the spear"},{"surface":"ἀμύνετο","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"warded off"},{"surface":"νηλεὲς","lemma":"νηλής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦμαρ","gloss":"pitiless"},{"surface":"ἦμαρ","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀμύνετο","gloss":"day"}]},{"number":485,"label":"485","id":"b11-l485","source":"Αἴας δʼ ἐγγύθεν ἦλθε φέρων σάκος ἠΰτε πύργον,","translation":"Ajax came near, bearing a shield like a tower,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l485.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"σάκος ἠΰτε πύργον","title":"A shield like a tower","body":"Ajax's great shield is likened to a defensive tower. Its arrival changes the scene at once: the moving wall covers wounded Odysseus and breaks the Trojan ring."}],"words":[{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐγγύθεν","lemma":"ἐγγύθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἦλθε","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"φέρων","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"bearing"},{"surface":"σάκος","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of φέρων","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"ἠΰτε","lemma":"ἠύτε","morphology":"particle","role":"preposition","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"πύργον","lemma":"πύργος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἠΰτε","gloss":"tower"}]},{"number":486,"label":"486","id":"b11-l486","source":"στῆ δὲ παρέξ· Τρῶες δὲ διέτρεσαν ἄλλυδις ἄλλος.","translation":"and stood beside him; the Trojans scattered, each a different way.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l486.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παρέξ","lemma":"παρέξ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to στῆ","gloss":"beside him"},{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of διέτρεσαν","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"διέτρεσαν","lemma":"διατρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fled apart"},{"surface":"ἄλλυδις","lemma":"ἄλλυδις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄλλος","gloss":"in different directions"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"different"}]},{"number":487,"label":"487","id":"b11-l487","source":"ἤτοι τὸν Μενέλαος ἀρήϊος ἔξαγʼ ὁμίλου","translation":"Then Menelaus, dear to Ares, led Odysseus out of the throng","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l487.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔξαγ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"Μενέλαος","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔξαγ̓","gloss":"Menelaus"},{"surface":"ἀρήϊος","lemma":"ἄρειος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενέλαος","gloss":"warlike"},{"surface":"ἔξαγ","lemma":"ἐξάγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led out"},{"surface":"ὁμίλου","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔξαγ̓","gloss":"the throng"}]},{"number":488,"label":"488","id":"b11-l488","source":"χειρὸς ἔχων, εἷος θεράπων σχεδὸν ἤλασεν ἵππους.","translation":"holding him by the hand, while an attendant drove the horses near.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l488.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χειρὸς","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχων","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔξαγ̓","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"εἷος","lemma":"εἷος","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"θεράπων","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤλασεν","gloss":"attendant"},{"surface":"σχεδὸν","lemma":"σχεδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἤλασεν","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἤλασεν","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἷος","gloss":"drove"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἤλασεν","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":489,"label":"489","id":"b11-l489","source":"Αἴας δὲ Τρώεσσιν ἐπάλμενος εἷλε Δόρυκλον","translation":"Ajax leapt upon the Trojans and slew Doryclus,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l489.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσιν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπάλμενος","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ἐπάλμενος","lemma":"ἐφάλλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἷλε","gloss":"leaping onto"},{"surface":"εἷλε","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slew"},{"surface":"Δόρυκλον","lemma":"Δόρυκλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Doryclus"}]},{"number":490,"label":"490","id":"b11-l490","source":"Πριαμίδην νόθον υἱόν, ἔπειτα δὲ Πάνδοκον οὖτα,","translation":"Priam's bastard son; then he wounded Pandocus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l490.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πριαμίδην","lemma":"Πριαμίδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱόν","gloss":"son of Priam"},{"surface":"νόθον","lemma":"νόθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱόν","gloss":"bastard"},{"surface":"υἱόν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οὖτα","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πάνδοκον","lemma":"Πάνδοκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of οὖτα","gloss":"Pandocus"},{"surface":"οὖτα","lemma":"οὐτάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wounded"}]},{"number":491,"label":"491","id":"b11-l491","source":"οὖτα δὲ Λύσανδρον καὶ Πύρασον ἠδὲ Πυλάρτην.","translation":"and wounded Lysander, Pyrasus, and Pylartes.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l491.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὖτα","lemma":"οὐτάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wounded"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Λύσανδρον","lemma":"Λύσανδρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"Lysander"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πύρασον","lemma":"Πύρασος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"Pyrasus"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πυλάρτην","lemma":"Πυλάρτης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"Pylartes"}]},{"number":492,"label":"492","id":"b11-l492","source":"ὡς δʼ ὁπότε πλήθων ποταμὸς πεδίον δὲ κάτεισι","translation":"As when a river in flood comes down toward the plain,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l492.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὡς δʼ ὁπότε","title":"Opening a full simile","body":"ὡς with ὁπότε opens an extended comparison: Ajax's charge will be matched to a swollen mountain river. The answering ὥς that brings the poem back to Ajax comes at line 496."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὁπότε","lemma":"ὁπότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"πλήθων","lemma":"πλήθω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies ποταμὸς","gloss":"in full flood"},{"surface":"ποταμὸς","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κάτεισι","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"πεδίον","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κάτεισι","gloss":"plain"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κάτεισι","lemma":"κάτειμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"comes down"}]},{"number":493,"label":"493","id":"b11-l493","source":"χειμάρρους κατʼ ὄρεσφιν ὀπαζόμενος Διὸς ὄμβρῳ,","translation":"a mountain torrent from the hills, fed by the rain of Zeus,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l493.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χειμάρρους","lemma":"χειμάρρους","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποταμὸς","gloss":"winter torrent"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὄρεσφιν","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of κατ̓","gloss":"mountains"},{"surface":"ὀπαζόμενος","lemma":"ὀπάζω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κάτεισι","gloss":"fed"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὄμβρῳ","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ὄμβρῳ","lemma":"ὄμβρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀπαζόμενος","gloss":"rain"}]},{"number":494,"label":"494","id":"b11-l494","source":"πολλὰς δὲ δρῦς ἀζαλέας, πολλὰς δέ τε πεύκας","translation":"and sweeps along many dry oaks and many pines,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l494.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὰς","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies δρῦς","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δρῦς","lemma":"δρῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of δέ","gloss":"oaks"},{"surface":"ἀζαλέας","lemma":"ἀζαλέος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies δρῦς","gloss":"dry"},{"surface":"πολλὰς","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies πεύκας","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πεύκας","lemma":"πεύκη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of δέ","gloss":"pines"}]},{"number":495,"label":"495","id":"b11-l495","source":"ἐσφέρεται, πολλὸν δέ τʼ ἀφυσγετὸν εἰς ἅλα βάλλει,","translation":"and casts a great mass of driftwood into the sea,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l495.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀφυσγετὸν","title":"The river's wreckage","body":"ἀφυσγετός is the mass of broken wood and debris swept up by the flood. The image makes Ajax's victims the wreckage carried helplessly across the plain."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐσφέρεται","lemma":"εἰσφέρω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"sweeps along"},{"surface":"πολλὸν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀφυσγετὸν","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀφυσγετὸν","lemma":"ἀφυσγετός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βάλλει","gloss":"driftwood"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"ἅλα","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"the sea"},{"surface":"βάλλει","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"casts"}]},{"number":496,"label":"496","id":"b11-l496","source":"ὣς ἔφεπε κλονέων πεδίον τότε φαίδιμος Αἴας,","translation":"so glorious Ajax drove them in rout across the plain,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l496.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφεπε","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφεπε","lemma":"ἐφέπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove"},{"surface":"κλονέων","lemma":"κλονέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔφεπε","gloss":"in rout"},{"surface":"πεδίον","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κλονέων","gloss":"plain"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφεπε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"φαίδιμος","lemma":"φαίδιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔφεπε","gloss":"Ajax"}]},{"number":497,"label":"497","id":"b11-l497","source":"δαΐζων ἵππους τε καὶ ἀνέρας· οὐδέ πω Ἕκτωρ","translation":"slaughtering horses and men. Hector had not yet","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l497.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δαΐζων","lemma":"δαίζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔφεπε","gloss":"cutting up"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνέρας","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"πω","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πεύθετ̓","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":498,"label":"498","id":"b11-l498","source":"πεύθετʼ, ἐπεί ῥα μάχης ἐπʼ ἀριστερὰ μάρνατο πάσης","translation":"learned of it, for he fought on the far left of the whole battle,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l498.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πεύθετ","lemma":"πεύθομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"learned"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μάχης","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀριστερὰ","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ἀριστερὰ","lemma":"ἀριστερός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπ̓","gloss":"the left"},{"surface":"μάρνατο","lemma":"μάρναμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"fought"},{"surface":"πάσης","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μάχης","gloss":"whole"}]},{"number":499,"label":"499","id":"b11-l499","source":"ὄχθας πὰρ ποταμοῖο Σκαμάνδρου, τῇ ῥα μάλιστα","translation":"beside the banks of the river Scamander, where most of all","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l499.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄχθας","lemma":"ὄχθη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to πὰρ","gloss":"the banks"},{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"ποταμοῖο","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὄχθας","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"Σκαμάνδρου","lemma":"Σκάμανδρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ποταμοῖο","gloss":"Scamander"},{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"τῇ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πῖπτε","gloss":"most"}]},{"number":500,"label":"500","id":"b11-l500","source":"ἀνδρῶν πῖπτε κάρηνα, βοὴ δʼ ἄσβεστος ὀρώρει","translation":"the heads of men were falling and an unceasing cry had risen","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l500.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies κάρηνα","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"πῖπτε","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"falling"},{"surface":"κάρηνα","lemma":"κάρηνον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of πῖπτε","gloss":"heads"},{"surface":"βοὴ","lemma":"βοή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ὀρώρει","gloss":"cry"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄσβεστος","lemma":"ἄσβεστος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies βοὴ","gloss":"unceasing"},{"surface":"ὀρώρει","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"had risen"}]},{"number":501,"label":"501","id":"b11-l501","source":"Νέστορά τʼ ἀμφὶ μέγαν καὶ ἀρήϊον Ἰδομενῆα.","translation":"around great Nestor and warlike Idomeneus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l501.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Νέστορά","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"Nestor"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"μέγαν","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Νέστορά","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀρήϊον","lemma":"ἄρειος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἰδομενῆα","gloss":"warlike"},{"surface":"Ἰδομενῆα","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"Idomeneus"}]},{"number":502,"label":"502","id":"b11-l502","source":"Ἕκτωρ μὲν μετὰ τοῖσιν ὁμίλει μέρμερα ῥέζων","translation":"Hector moved among them, working terrible deeds","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l502.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ὁμίλει","lemma":"ὁμιλέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"moved among"},{"surface":"μέρμερα","lemma":"μέρμερος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ῥέζων","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"ῥέζων","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὁμίλει","gloss":"working"}]},{"number":503,"label":"503","id":"b11-l503","source":"ἔγχεΐ θʼ ἱπποσύνῃ τε, νέων δʼ ἀλάπαζε φάλαγγας·","translation":"with spear and horsemanship, and ravaged the ranks of young men.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l503.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἱπποσύνῃ","title":"Hector's horsemanship","body":"ἱπποσύνη is skill with horses and chariot-driving. Hector's attack here joins that chariot skill to the spear; the line does not make him mounted cavalry."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔγχεΐ","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"with spear"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱπποσύνῃ","lemma":"ἱπποσύνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"horsemanship"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νέων","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies φάλαγγας","gloss":"young men"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλάπαζε","lemma":"ἀλαπάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ravaged"},{"surface":"φάλαγγας","lemma":"φάλαγξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀλάπαζε","gloss":"the ranks"}]},{"number":504,"label":"504","id":"b11-l504","source":"οὐδʼ ἄν πω χάζοντο κελεύθου δῖοι Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"Nor would the godlike Achaeans yet have yielded from their path","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l504.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"πω","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"χάζοντο","lemma":"χάζω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have yielded"},{"surface":"κελεύθου","lemma":"κέλευθος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of χάζοντο","gloss":"path"},{"surface":"δῖοι","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοὶ","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of χάζοντο","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":505,"label":"505","id":"b11-l505","source":"εἰ μὴ Ἀλέξανδρος Ἑλένης πόσις ἠϋκόμοιο","translation":"if Paris, husband of lovely-haired Helen,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l505.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"Ἀλέξανδρος","lemma":"Ἀλέξανδρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Paris"},{"surface":"Ἑλένης","lemma":"Ἑλένη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies πόσις","gloss":"Helen"},{"surface":"πόσις","lemma":"πόσις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"husband"},{"surface":"ἠϋκόμοιο","lemma":"εὔκομος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἑλένης","gloss":"lovely-haired"}]},{"number":506,"label":"506","id":"b11-l506","source":"παῦσεν ἀριστεύοντα Μαχάονα ποιμένα λαῶν,","translation":"had not checked Machaon, shepherd of the people, in his triumph,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l506.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παῦσεν","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"had checked"},{"surface":"ἀριστεύοντα","lemma":"ἀριστεύω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"in his triumph"},{"surface":"Μαχάονα","lemma":"Μαχάων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of παῦσεν","gloss":"Machaon"},{"surface":"ποιμένα","lemma":"ποιμήν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Μαχάονα","gloss":"shepherd"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ποιμένα","gloss":"the people"}]},{"number":507,"label":"507","id":"b11-l507","source":"ἰῷ τριγλώχινι βαλὼν κατὰ δεξιὸν ὦμον.","translation":"striking his right shoulder with a triple-barbed arrow.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l507.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἰῷ τριγλώχινι","title":"A triple-barbed arrow","body":"τριγλώχινος describes an arrowhead furnished with three barbs or points. Paris strikes Machaon specifically in the right shoulder, a wound that prompts the healer's immediate removal from battle."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἰῷ","lemma":"ἰός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to βαλὼν","gloss":"arrow"},{"surface":"τριγλώχινι","lemma":"τριγλώχις","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἰῷ","gloss":"three-barbed"},{"surface":"βαλὼν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to παῦσεν","gloss":"striking"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"δεξιὸν","lemma":"δεξιός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὦμον","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"ὦμον","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"shoulder"}]},{"number":508,"label":"508","id":"b11-l508","source":"τῷ ῥα περίδεισαν μένεα πνείοντες Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"Then the Achaeans, breathing fury, feared greatly for him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l508.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of περίδεισαν","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"περίδεισαν","lemma":"περιδείδω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"feared greatly"},{"surface":"μένεα","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πνείοντες","gloss":"fury"},{"surface":"πνείοντες","lemma":"πνέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοὶ","gloss":"breathing"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of περίδεισαν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":509,"label":"509","id":"b11-l509","source":"μή πώς μιν πολέμοιο μετακλινθέντος ἕλοιεν.","translation":"lest somehow, as the battle turned, the Trojans seize him.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l509.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"πώς","lemma":"πῶς","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἕλοιεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μετακλινθέντος","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"μετακλινθέντος","lemma":"μετακλίνομαι","morphology":"aorist passive participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕλοιεν","gloss":"turned aside"},{"surface":"ἕλοιεν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to μή","gloss":"might seize"}]},{"number":510,"label":"510","id":"b11-l510","source":"αὐτίκα δʼ Ἰδομενεὺς προσεφώνεε Νέστορα δῖον·","translation":"At once Idomeneus called to godlike Nestor:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l510.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσεφώνεε","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἰδομενεὺς","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσεφώνεε","gloss":"Idomeneus"},{"surface":"προσεφώνεε","lemma":"προσφωνέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called to"},{"surface":"Νέστορα","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσεφώνεε","gloss":"Nestor"},{"surface":"δῖον","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Νέστορα","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":511,"label":"511","id":"b11-l511","source":"ὦ Νέστορ Νηληϊάδη μέγα κῦδος Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"\"Nestor, son of Neleus, great glory of the Achaeans,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l511.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὦ Νέστορ Νηληϊάδη μέγα κῦδος Ἀχαιῶν","title":"Nestor in direct address","body":"The particle ὦ and the vocative Νέστορ mark direct address. The patronymic and the phrase “great glory of the Achaeans” stand beside his name as further titles in the same urgent summons."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"o"},{"surface":"Νέστορ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Nestor"},{"surface":"Νηληϊάδη","lemma":"Νηληιάδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Νέστορ","gloss":"son of Neleus"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"vocative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῦδος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"κῦδος","lemma":"κῦδος","morphology":"vocative singular neuter noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κῦδος","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":512,"label":"512","id":"b11-l512","source":"ἄγρει σῶν ὀχέων ἐπιβήσεο, πὰρ δὲ Μαχάων","translation":"come, mount your chariot, and let Machaon beside you","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l512.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄγρει","lemma":"ἀγρέω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"come now"},{"surface":"σῶν","lemma":"σός","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὀχέων","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ὀχέων","lemma":"ὄχος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπιβήσεο","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"ἐπιβήσεο","lemma":"ἐπιβαίνω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"mount"},{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μαχάων","lemma":"Μαχάων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βαινέτω","gloss":"Machaon"}]},{"number":513,"label":"513","id":"b11-l513","source":"βαινέτω, ἐς νῆας δὲ τάχιστʼ ἔχε μώνυχας ἵππους·","translation":"mount too; drive the single-hoofed horses swiftly to the ships.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l513.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βαινέτω","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let him mount"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τάχιστ","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔχε","gloss":"most swiftly"},{"surface":"ἔχε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drive"},{"surface":"μώνυχας","lemma":"μω~νυξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"single-hoofed"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχε","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":514,"label":"514","id":"b11-l514","source":"ἰητρὸς γὰρ ἀνὴρ πολλῶν ἀντάξιος ἄλλων","translation":"For one healer is worth many other men","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l514.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἰητρὸς","lemma":"ἰατρός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"healer"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"πολλῶν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄλλων","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ἀντάξιος","lemma":"ἀντάξιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"worth as much"},{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀντάξιος","gloss":"others"}]},{"number":515,"label":"515","id":"b11-l515","source":"ἰούς τʼ ἐκτάμνειν ἐπί τʼ ἤπια φάρμακα πάσσειν.","translation":"for cutting out arrows and sprinkling on soothing medicines.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l515.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἰούς","lemma":"ἰός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκτάμνειν","gloss":"arrows"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκτάμνειν","lemma":"ἐκτέμνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"modifies τ̓","gloss":"cut out"},{"surface":"ἐπί","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤπια","lemma":"ἤπιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies φάρμακα","gloss":"soothing"},{"surface":"φάρμακα","lemma":"φάρμακον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πάσσειν","gloss":"drugs"},{"surface":"πάσσειν","lemma":"πάσσω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"modifies τ̓","gloss":"to sprinkle"}]},{"number":516,"label":"516","id":"b11-l516","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησε Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ.","translation":"So he spoke, and Nestor, the Gerenian horseman, did not disobey.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l516.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"ἀπίθησε","lemma":"ἀπιθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did not disobey"},{"surface":"Γερήνιος","lemma":"Γερήνιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἱππότα","gloss":"Gerenian"},{"surface":"ἱππότα","lemma":"ἱππότης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Νέστωρ","gloss":"horseman"},{"surface":"Νέστωρ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπίθησε","gloss":"Nestor"}]},{"number":517,"label":"517","id":"b11-l517","source":"αὐτίκα δʼ ὧν ὀχέων ἐπεβήσετο, πὰρ δὲ Μαχάων","translation":"At once he mounted his own chariot, and beside him Machaon","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l517.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεβήσετο","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὧν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὀχέων","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"ὀχέων","lemma":"ὄχος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπεβήσετο","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"ἐπεβήσετο","lemma":"ἐπιβαίνω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"mounted"},{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μαχάων","lemma":"Μαχάων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Machaon"}]},{"number":518,"label":"518","id":"b11-l518","source":"βαῖνʼ Ἀσκληπιοῦ υἱὸς ἀμύμονος ἰητῆρος·","translation":"mounted, son of Asclepius, the blameless healer.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l518.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βαῖν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"mounted"},{"surface":"Ἀσκληπιοῦ","lemma":"Ἀσκληπιός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Asclepius"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἀμύμονος","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"genitive singular adjective","role":"modifies ἰητῆρος","gloss":"blameless"},{"surface":"ἰητῆρος","lemma":"ἰατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀσκληπιοῦ","gloss":"healer"}]},{"number":519,"label":"519","id":"b11-l519","source":"μάστιξεν δʼ ἵππους, τὼ δʼ οὐκ ἀέκοντε πετέσθην","translation":"he lashed them, and the pair flew onward willingly","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l519.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μάστιξεν","lemma":"μαστίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he lashed"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μάστιξεν","gloss":"the horses"},{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πετέσθην","gloss":"the pair"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἀέκοντε","lemma":"ἀέκων","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unwilling"},{"surface":"πετέσθην","lemma":"πέτομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flew onward"}]},{"number":520,"label":"520","id":"b11-l520","source":"νῆας ἔπι γλαφυράς· τῇ γὰρ φίλον ἔπλετο θυμῷ.","translation":"toward the hollow ships, for that way pleased their hearts.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l520.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔπι","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"γλαφυράς","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"τῇ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔπλετο","gloss":"that way"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"pleasing"},{"surface":"ἔπλετο","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔπλετο","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":521,"label":"521","id":"b11-l521","source":"Κεβριόνης δὲ Τρῶας ὀρινομένους ἐνόησεν","translation":"Then Cebriones saw the Trojans being driven in rout","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l521.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Κεβριόνης","lemma":"Κεβριόνης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καί","gloss":"Cebriones"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τρῶας","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνόησεν","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ὀρινομένους","lemma":"ὀρίνω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being routed"},{"surface":"ἐνόησεν","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"saw"}]},{"number":522,"label":"522","id":"b11-l522","source":"Ἕκτορι παρβεβαώς, καί μιν πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπεν·","translation":"as he stood beside Hector, and he spoke to him:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l522.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορι","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of παρβεβαώς","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"παρβεβαώς","lemma":"παραβαίνω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐνόησεν","gloss":"stood beside"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔειπεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔειπεν","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ἔειπεν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":523,"label":"523","id":"b11-l523","source":"Ἕκτορ νῶϊ μὲν ἐνθάδʼ ὁμιλέομεν Δαναοῖσιν","translation":"\"Hector, we two are fighting the Danaans here","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l523.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"νῶϊ","title":"We two","body":"νῶϊ is the first-person dual pronoun, “we two.” Cebriones singles out himself and Hector as the pair fighting on this edge of the battle before contrasting them with the rest of the Trojans."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"νῶϊ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὁμιλέομεν","gloss":"we two"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδ","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὁμιλέομεν","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ὁμιλέομεν","lemma":"ὁμιλέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are fighting"},{"surface":"Δαναοῖσιν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὁμιλέομεν","gloss":"the Danaans"}]},{"number":524,"label":"524","id":"b11-l524","source":"ἐσχατιῇ πολέμοιο δυσηχέος· οἳ δὲ δὴ ἄλλοι","translation":"at the edge of the harsh-sounding war; but all the other","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l524.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐσχατιῇ","lemma":"ἐσχατιά","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὁμιλέομεν","gloss":"at the edge"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐσχατιῇ","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"δυσηχέος","lemma":"δυσηχής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πολέμοιο","gloss":"dread-echoing"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies Τρῶες","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρῶες","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":525,"label":"525","id":"b11-l525","source":"Τρῶες ὀρίνονται ἐπιμὶξ ἵπποι τε καὶ αὐτοί.","translation":"Trojans are driven pell-mell, horses and men alike.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l525.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ὀρίνονται","lemma":"ὀρίνω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are driven"},{"surface":"ἐπιμὶξ","lemma":"ἐπιμίξ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀρίνονται","gloss":"mingled together"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτοί","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"the men"}]},{"number":526,"label":"526","id":"b11-l526","source":"Αἴας δὲ κλονέει Τελαμώνιος· εὖ δέ μιν ἔγνων·","translation":"Ajax, son of Telamon, is routing them; I know him well,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l526.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κλονέει","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κλονέει","lemma":"κλονέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is routing"},{"surface":"Τελαμώνιος","lemma":"Τελαμών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"Telamonian"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔγνων","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔγνων","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἔγνων","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"i know"}]},{"number":527,"label":"527","id":"b11-l527","source":"εὐρὺ γὰρ ἀμφʼ ὤμοισιν ἔχει σάκος· ἀλλὰ καὶ ἡμεῖς","translation":"for the shield spread broad about his shoulders. But let us too","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l527.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὐρὺ","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σάκος","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"ὤμοισιν","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφ̓","gloss":"his shoulders"},{"surface":"ἔχει","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he bears"},{"surface":"σάκος","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχει","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"ἡμεῖς","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἰθύνομεν","gloss":"we"}]},{"number":528,"label":"528","id":"b11-l528","source":"κεῖσʼ ἵππους τε καὶ ἅρμʼ ἰθύνομεν, ἔνθα μάλιστα","translation":"steer the horses and chariot there, where most of all","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l528.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖσ","lemma":"ἐκεῖσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἰθύνομεν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅρμ","lemma":"ἅρμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"ἰθύνομεν","lemma":"ἰθύνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us drive"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀλέκουσι","gloss":"most"}]},{"number":529,"label":"529","id":"b11-l529","source":"ἱππῆες πεζοί τε κακὴν ἔριδα προβαλόντες","translation":"chariot-fighters and footmen have set bitter strife before them","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l529.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἱππῆες","lemma":"ἱππεύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"horsemen"},{"surface":"πεζοί","lemma":"πεζός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"footmen"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κακὴν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἔριδα","gloss":"bitter"},{"surface":"ἔριδα","lemma":"ἔρις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of προβαλόντες","gloss":"strife"},{"surface":"προβαλόντες","lemma":"προβάλλω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ὀλέκουσι","gloss":"setting before them"}]},{"number":530,"label":"530","id":"b11-l530","source":"ἀλλήλους ὀλέκουσι, βοὴ δʼ ἄσβεστος ὄρωρεν.","translation":"and kill one another, and an unceasing cry has risen.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l530.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλήλους","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ὀλέκουσι","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"ὀλέκουσι","lemma":"ὀλέκω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"kill"},{"surface":"βοὴ","lemma":"βοή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ὄρωρεν","gloss":"cry"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄσβεστος","lemma":"ἄσβεστος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies βοὴ","gloss":"unceasing"},{"surface":"ὄρωρεν","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"has risen"}]},{"number":531,"label":"531","id":"b11-l531","source":"ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας ἵμασεν καλλίτριχας ἵππους","translation":"So speaking, he lashed the lovely-maned horses","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l531.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φωνήσας","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"φωνήσας","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἵμασεν","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ἵμασεν","lemma":"ἱμάσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lashed"},{"surface":"καλλίτριχας","lemma":"καλλίθριξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"lovely-maned"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἵμασεν","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":532,"label":"532","id":"b11-l532","source":"μάστιγι λιγυρῇ· τοὶ δὲ πληγῆς ἀΐοντες","translation":"with the shrill whip; and when they felt the blow,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l532.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μάστιγι","lemma":"μάστιξ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἵμασεν","gloss":"whip"},{"surface":"λιγυρῇ","lemma":"λιγυρός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μάστιγι","gloss":"shrill"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔφερον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πληγῆς","lemma":"πληγή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀΐοντες","gloss":"the blow"},{"surface":"ἀΐοντες","lemma":"ἀίω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔφερον","gloss":"felt"}]},{"number":533,"label":"533","id":"b11-l533","source":"ῥίμφʼ ἔφερον θοὸν ἅρμα μετὰ Τρῶας καὶ Ἀχαιοὺς","translation":"they swiftly bore the racing chariot among Trojans and Achaeans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l533.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥίμφ","lemma":"ῥίμφα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφερον","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"ἔφερον","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"θοὸν","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἅρμα","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἅρμα","lemma":"ἅρμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔφερον","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"Τρῶας","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὺς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":534,"label":"534","id":"b11-l534","source":"στείβοντες νέκυάς τε καὶ ἀσπίδας· αἵματι δʼ ἄξων","translation":"trampling corpses and shields; and with blood the axle","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l534.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στείβοντες","lemma":"στείβω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔφερον","gloss":"trampling"},{"surface":"νέκυάς","lemma":"νέκυς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"corpses"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀσπίδας","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"shields"},{"surface":"αἵματι","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of πεπάλακτο","gloss":"with blood"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄξων","lemma":"ἄξων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"axle"}]},{"number":535,"label":"535","id":"b11-l535","source":"νέρθεν ἅπας πεπάλακτο καὶ ἄντυγες αἳ περὶ δίφρον,","translation":"beneath was wholly spattered, and the rails around the chariot,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l535.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νέρθεν","lemma":"ἔνερθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πεπάλακτο","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"ἅπας","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄξων","gloss":"wholly"},{"surface":"πεπάλακτο","lemma":"παλάσσω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was splashed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄντυγες","lemma":"ἄντυξ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"rails"},{"surface":"αἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δίφρον","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"chariot"}]},{"number":536,"label":"536","id":"b11-l536","source":"ἃς ἄρʼ ἀφʼ ἱππείων ὁπλέων ῥαθάμιγγες ἔβαλλον","translation":"struck by droplets flung from the horses' hooves","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l536.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀφ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἱππείων","lemma":"ἵππειος","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὁπλέων","gloss":"the horses"},{"surface":"ὁπλέων","lemma":"ὁπλή","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀφ̓","gloss":"hooves"},{"surface":"ῥαθάμιγγες","lemma":"ῥαθάμιγξ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔβαλλον","gloss":"drops"},{"surface":"ἔβαλλον","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τ̓","gloss":"struck"}]},{"number":537,"label":"537","id":"b11-l537","source":"αἵ τʼ ἀπʼ ἐπισσώτρων. ὃ δὲ ἵετο δῦναι ὅμιλον","translation":"and from the wheel rims. Hector yearned to plunge into the throng","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l537.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἐπισσώτρων","lemma":"ἐπίσωτρον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπ̓","gloss":"wheel rims"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἵετο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵετο","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"yearned"},{"surface":"δῦναι","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of τε","gloss":"to plunge"},{"surface":"ὅμιλον","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δῦναι","gloss":"the throng"}]},{"number":538,"label":"538","id":"b11-l538","source":"ἀνδρόμεον ῥῆξαί τε μετάλμενος· ἐν δὲ κυδοιμὸν","translation":"of men and break it open with his charge; and he cast savage turmoil","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l538.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρόμεον","lemma":"ἀνδρόμεος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὅμιλον","gloss":"human"},{"surface":"ῥῆξαί","lemma":"ῥήγνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of τε","gloss":"to break open"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μετάλμενος","lemma":"μεθάλλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ῥῆξαί","gloss":"with his charge"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κυδοιμὸν","lemma":"κυδοιμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἧκε","gloss":"turmoil"}]},{"number":539,"label":"539","id":"b11-l539","source":"ἧκε κακὸν Δαναοῖσι, μίνυνθα δὲ χάζετο δουρός.","translation":"among the Danaans, and gave his spear little rest.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l539.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἧκε","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κυδοιμὸν","gloss":"savage evil"},{"surface":"Δαναοῖσι","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἧκε","gloss":"the Danaans"},{"surface":"μίνυνθα","lemma":"μίνυνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to χάζετο","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χάζετο","lemma":"χάζω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rested"},{"surface":"δουρός","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of χάζετο","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":540,"label":"540","id":"b11-l540","source":"αὐτὰρ ὃ τῶν ἄλλων ἐπεπωλεῖτο στίχας ἀνδρῶν","translation":"But he ranged through the ranks of the other men","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l540.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐπεπωλεῖτο","title":"Ranging through the ranks","body":"The verb pictures a commander moving through and along ordered ranks. This whole Greek line exactly repeats 11.264, so its English is repeated without variation."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"ἐπεπωλεῖτο","lemma":"ἐπιπωλέομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ranged through"},{"surface":"στίχας","lemma":"στίξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπεπωλεῖτο","gloss":"ranks"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies στίχας","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":541,"label":"541","id":"b11-l541","source":"ἔγχεΐ τʼ ἄορί τε μεγάλοισί τε χερμαδίοισιν,","translation":"with spear and sword and great stones,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l541.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔγχεΐ","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"with spear"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄορί","lemma":"ἄορ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"with his sword"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μεγάλοισί","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies χερμαδίοισιν","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χερμαδίοισιν","lemma":"χερμάδιον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"stones"}]},{"number":542,"label":"542","id":"b11-l542","source":"Αἴαντος δʼ ἀλέεινε μάχην Τελαμωνιάδαο.","translation":"but he avoided battle with Ajax, son of Telamon.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l542.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἴαντος","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μάχην","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀλέεινε","lemma":"ἀλεείνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"avoided"},{"surface":"μάχην","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀλέεινε","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"Τελαμωνιάδαο","lemma":"Τελαμωνιάδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Αἴαντος","gloss":"son of Telamon"}]},{"number":544,"label":"544","id":"b11-l544","source":"Ζεὺς δὲ πατὴρ Αἴανθʼ ὑψίζυγος ἐν φόβον ὦρσε·","translation":"Then father Zeus, throned on high, roused Ajax into flight.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l544.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὦρσε","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεὺς","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"Αἴανθ","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὦρσε","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"ὑψίζυγος","lemma":"ὑψίζυγος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ζεὺς","gloss":"throned on high"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"φόβον","lemma":"φόβος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"flight"},{"surface":"ὦρσε","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"roused"}]},{"number":545,"label":"545","id":"b11-l545","source":"στῆ δὲ ταφών, ὄπιθεν δὲ σάκος βάλεν ἑπταβόειον,","translation":"He stood amazed, then slung behind him his sevenfold shield,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l545.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"σάκος βάλεν ἑπταβόειον","title":"The sevenfold shield","body":"ἑπταβόειος means made from seven oxhides. The layered shield is Ajax's great defense throughout the retreat, receiving spear after spear while he moves backward."}],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ταφών","lemma":"τέθηπα","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to στῆ","gloss":"in amazement"},{"surface":"ὄπιθεν","lemma":"ὄπισθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of βάλεν","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σάκος","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of βάλεν","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"βάλεν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slung"},{"surface":"ἑπταβόειον","lemma":"ἑπταβόειος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σάκος","gloss":"sevenfold"}]},{"number":546,"label":"546","id":"b11-l546","source":"τρέσσε δὲ παπτήνας ἐφʼ ὁμίλου θηρὶ ἐοικὼς","translation":"and drew back, glancing toward the host like a wild beast,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l546.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τρέσσε","lemma":"τρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew back"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παπτήνας","lemma":"παπταίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τρέσσε","gloss":"glancing"},{"surface":"ἐφ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"ὁμίλου","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐφ̓","gloss":"the throng"},{"surface":"θηρὶ","lemma":"θήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐοικὼς","gloss":"a wild beast"},{"surface":"ἐοικὼς","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τρέσσε","gloss":"like"}]},{"number":547,"label":"547","id":"b11-l547","source":"ἐντροπαλιζόμενος ὀλίγον γόνυ γουνὸς ἀμείβων.","translation":"turning again and again, giving ground one knee at a time.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l547.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐντροπαλιζόμενος","lemma":"ἐντροπαλίζομαι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"turning back repeatedly"},{"surface":"ὀλίγον","lemma":"ὀλίγος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐντροπαλιζόμενος","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"γόνυ","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀμείβων","gloss":"knee"},{"surface":"γουνὸς","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀμείβων","gloss":"knee"},{"surface":"ἀμείβων","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"giving ground"}]},{"number":548,"label":"548","id":"b11-l548","source":"ὡς δʼ αἴθωνα λέοντα βοῶν ἀπὸ μεσσαύλοιο","translation":"As dogs and country men drive a tawny lion","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l548.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὡς δʼ αἴθωνα λέοντα","title":"Ajax as the driven lion","body":"The comparison makes Ajax the lion kept from the cattle-yard, not the hunters who pursue it. Its long resistance, frustrated charge, and angry withdrawal preserve both his strength and his forced retreat."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"αἴθωνα","lemma":"αἴθων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λέοντα","gloss":"tawny"},{"surface":"λέοντα","lemma":"λέων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐσσεύαντο","gloss":"a lion"},{"surface":"βοῶν","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies μεσσαύλοιο","gloss":"cattle"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"μεσσαύλοιο","lemma":"μέσαυλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"farmyard"}]},{"number":549,"label":"549","id":"b11-l549","source":"ἐσσεύαντο κύνες τε καὶ ἀνέρες ἀγροιῶται,","translation":"away from the cattle-yard,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l549.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐσσεύαντο","lemma":"σεύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"drove away"},{"surface":"κύνες","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνέρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἀγροιῶται","lemma":"ἀγροιώτης","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνέρες","gloss":"countrymen"}]},{"number":550,"label":"550","id":"b11-l550","source":"οἵ τέ μιν οὐκ εἰῶσι βοῶν ἐκ πῖαρ ἑλέσθαι","translation":"and will not let him seize the cattle's fat,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l550.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἰῶσι","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἑλέσθαι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"εἰῶσι","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"βοῶν","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies πῖαρ","gloss":"cattle"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πῖαρ","lemma":"πῖαρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἑλέσθαι","gloss":"fat"},{"surface":"ἑλέσθαι","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of εἰῶσι","gloss":"to seize"}]},{"number":551,"label":"551","id":"b11-l551","source":"πάννυχοι ἐγρήσσοντες· ὃ δὲ κρειῶν ἐρατίζων","translation":"keeping watch all night; and craving flesh,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l551.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάννυχοι","lemma":"πάννυχος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"all night"},{"surface":"ἐγρήσσοντες","lemma":"ἐγρήσσω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to εἰῶσι","gloss":"keeping watch"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀλλ̓","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κρειῶν","lemma":"κρέας","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐρατίζων","gloss":"meat"},{"surface":"ἐρατίζων","lemma":"ἐρατίζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἰθύει","gloss":"craving"}]},{"number":552,"label":"552","id":"b11-l552","source":"ἰθύει, ἀλλʼ οὔ τι πρήσσει· θαμέες γὰρ ἄκοντες","translation":"he charges straight on, but gains nothing, for spears in a mass","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l552.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἰθύει","lemma":"ἰθύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἀλλ̓","gloss":"charges"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to πρήσσει","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"πρήσσει","lemma":"πράσσω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἀλλ̓","gloss":"gains"},{"surface":"θαμέες","lemma":"θαμέες","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"in a mass"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἄκοντες","lemma":"ἄκων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"spears"}]},{"number":553,"label":"553","id":"b11-l553","source":"ἀντίον ἀΐσσουσι θρασειάων ἀπὸ χειρῶν","translation":"fly against him from bold hands,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l553.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀΐσσουσι","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"ἀΐσσουσι","lemma":"ἀίσσω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"fly"},{"surface":"θρασειάων","lemma":"θρασύς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χειρῶν","gloss":"bold"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"χειρῶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"hands"}]},{"number":554,"label":"554","id":"b11-l554","source":"καιόμεναί τε δεταί, τάς τε τρεῖ ἐσσύμενός περ·","translation":"and burning brands, which he fears, eager though he is;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l554.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καιόμεναί","lemma":"καίω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifies δεταί","gloss":"burning"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δεταί","lemma":"δετή","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"brands"},{"surface":"τάς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of τρεῖ","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τρεῖ","lemma":"τρέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δεταί","gloss":"fears"},{"surface":"ἐσσύμενός","lemma":"σεύω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τρεῖ","gloss":"eager"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"}]},{"number":555,"label":"555","id":"b11-l555","source":"ἠῶθεν δʼ ἀπὸ νόσφιν ἔβη τετιηότι θυμῷ·","translation":"and at dawn he goes away from them, grieving at heart;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l555.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠῶθεν","lemma":"ἕωθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔβη","gloss":"at dawn"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"νόσφιν","lemma":"νόσφι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔβη","gloss":"far away"},{"surface":"ἔβη","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"τετιηότι","lemma":"τετίημαι","morphology":"perfect active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"modifies θυμῷ","gloss":"grieved"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔβη","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":556,"label":"556","id":"b11-l556","source":"ὣς Αἴας τότʼ ἀπὸ Τρώων τετιημένος ἦτορ","translation":"so Ajax then went from the Trojans, grieved at heart","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l556.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤϊε","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤϊε","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"τότ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤϊε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"τετιημένος","lemma":"τετίημαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤϊε","gloss":"grieved"},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τετιημένος","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":557,"label":"557","id":"b11-l557","source":"ἤϊε πόλλʼ ἀέκων· περὶ γὰρ δίε νηυσὶν Ἀχαιῶν.","translation":"and deeply unwilling, for he feared for the ships of the Achaeans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l557.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤϊε","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"πόλλ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀέκων","gloss":"deeply"},{"surface":"ἀέκων","lemma":"ἀέκων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unwilling"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"δίε","lemma":"δίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"feared"},{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":558,"label":"558","id":"b11-l558","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ὄνος παρʼ ἄρουραν ἰὼν ἐβιήσατο παῖδας","translation":"And as a sluggish ass, passing beside a field, overpowers the boys,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l558.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ὄνος","title":"Ajax as the stubborn ass","body":"A second simile shifts from the lion's grandeur to an ass whose mass and stubbornness defeat the boys' blows. The comparison is not mockery of cowardice: it stresses how hard Ajax is to move even under constant attack."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ὄνος","lemma":"ὄνος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐβιήσατο","gloss":"a donkey"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"ἄρουραν","lemma":"ἄρουρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of παῤ","gloss":"a field"},{"surface":"ἰὼν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐβιήσατο","gloss":"passing"},{"surface":"ἐβιήσατο","lemma":"βιάω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"overpowers"},{"surface":"παῖδας","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐβιήσατο","gloss":"the boys"}]},{"number":559,"label":"559","id":"b11-l559","source":"νωθής, ᾧ δὴ πολλὰ περὶ ῥόπαλʼ ἀμφὶς ἐάγῃ,","translation":"slow though he is, and many cudgels are broken around him,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l559.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νωθής","lemma":"νωθής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄνος","gloss":"sluggish"},{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ῥόπαλ̓","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"ῥόπαλ","lemma":"ῥόπαλον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐάγῃ","gloss":"clubs"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶς","lemma":"ἀμφίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐάγῃ","gloss":"all around"},{"surface":"ἐάγῃ","lemma":"ἄγνυμι","morphology":"aorist passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ὄνος","gloss":"are broken"}]},{"number":560,"label":"560","id":"b11-l560","source":"κείρει τʼ εἰσελθὼν βαθὺ λήϊον· οἳ δέ τε παῖδες","translation":"and enters and crops the deep-standing grain; and the boys","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l560.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κείρει","lemma":"κείρω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"crops"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἰσελθὼν","lemma":"εἰσέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κείρει","gloss":"entering"},{"surface":"βαθὺ","lemma":"βαθύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies λήϊον","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"λήϊον","lemma":"λήιον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κείρει","gloss":"grain"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies παῖδες","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παῖδες","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τύπτουσιν","gloss":"boys"}]},{"number":561,"label":"561","id":"b11-l561","source":"τύπτουσιν ῥοπάλοισι· βίη δέ τε νηπίη αὐτῶν·","translation":"beat him with cudgels, but their strength is childish,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l561.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τύπτουσιν","lemma":"τύπτω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"beat"},{"surface":"ῥοπάλοισι","lemma":"ῥόπαλον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to τύπτουσιν","gloss":"with clubs"},{"surface":"βίη","lemma":"βία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νηπίη","lemma":"νήπιος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"childish"},{"surface":"αὐτῶν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βίη","gloss":"their"}]},{"number":562,"label":"562","id":"b11-l562","source":"σπουδῇ τʼ ἐξήλασσαν, ἐπεί τʼ ἐκορέσσατο φορβῆς·","translation":"and with hard work they drive him out, once he is sated with fodder;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l562.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σπουδῇ","lemma":"σπουδή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐξήλασσαν","gloss":"with effort"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξήλασσαν","lemma":"ἐξελαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to τ̓","gloss":"they drive out"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκορέσσατο","lemma":"κορέννυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"he is sated"},{"surface":"φορβῆς","lemma":"φορβή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκορέσσατο","gloss":"fodder"}]},{"number":563,"label":"563","id":"b11-l563","source":"ὣς τότʼ ἔπειτʼ Αἴαντα μέγαν Τελαμώνιον υἱὸν","translation":"so then great Ajax, son of Telamon,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l563.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕποντο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"τότ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕποντο","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕποντο","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Αἴαντα","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"μέγαν","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴαντα","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"Τελαμώνιον","lemma":"Τελαμών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"Telamonian"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":564,"label":"564","id":"b11-l564","source":"Τρῶες ὑπέρθυμοι πολυηγερέες τʼ ἐπίκουροι","translation":"the high-hearted Trojans and allies gathered from many lands","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l564.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τ̓","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ὑπέρθυμοι","lemma":"ὑπέρθυμος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρῶες","gloss":"high-hearted"},{"surface":"πολυηγερέες","lemma":"πολυηγερής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐπίκουροι","gloss":"thronging"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπίκουροι","lemma":"ἐπίκουρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τ̓","gloss":"allies"}]},{"number":565,"label":"565","id":"b11-l565","source":"νύσσοντες ξυστοῖσι μέσον σάκος αἰὲν ἕποντο.","translation":"followed him always, thrusting their spears into the middle of his shield.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l565.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νύσσοντες","lemma":"νύσσω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕποντο","gloss":"thrusting"},{"surface":"ξυστοῖσι","lemma":"ξυστόν","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to νύσσοντες","gloss":"spears"},{"surface":"μέσον","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σάκος","gloss":"the middle"},{"surface":"σάκος","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of νύσσοντες","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"αἰὲν","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕποντο","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"ἕποντο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"}]},{"number":566,"label":"566","id":"b11-l566","source":"Αἴας δʼ ἄλλοτε μὲν μνησάσκετο θούριδος ἀλκῆς","translation":"At times Ajax remembered his furious valor","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l566.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"μνησάσκετο","title":"Repeated turns to fight","body":"The iterative -σκ- form presents an action repeated over time: Ajax kept remembering his valor and turning back. The matching iterative verbs in the next two lines make the retreat a cycle of standing and yielding, not a single flight."}],"words":[{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλοτε","lemma":"ἄλλοτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"at times"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μνησάσκετο","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"remembered"},{"surface":"θούριδος","lemma":"θοῦρις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλκῆς","gloss":"furious"},{"surface":"ἀλκῆς","lemma":"ἀλκή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of μνησάσκετο","gloss":"valor"}]},{"number":567,"label":"567","id":"b11-l567","source":"αὖτις ὑποστρεφθείς, καὶ ἐρητύσασκε φάλαγγας","translation":"and turned again to hold back the ranks","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l567.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὑποστρεφθείς","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ὑποστρεφθείς","lemma":"ὑποστρέφω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μνησάσκετο","gloss":"turning back"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐρητύσασκε","lemma":"ἐρητύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held back"},{"surface":"φάλαγγας","lemma":"φάλαγξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐρητύσασκε","gloss":"the ranks"}]},{"number":568,"label":"568","id":"b11-l568","source":"Τρώων ἱπποδάμων· ὁτὲ δὲ τρωπάσκετο φεύγειν.","translation":"of the horse-taming Trojans; at other times he turned to flee.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l568.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies φάλαγγας","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ἱπποδάμων","lemma":"ἱππόδαμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρώων","gloss":"horse-taming"},{"surface":"ὁτὲ","lemma":"ὁτέ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τρωπάσκετο","gloss":"at other times"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τρωπάσκετο","lemma":"τρωπάω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"φεύγειν","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to τρωπάσκετο","gloss":"flee"}]},{"number":569,"label":"569","id":"b11-l569","source":"πάντας δὲ προέεργε θοὰς ἐπὶ νῆας ὁδεύειν,","translation":"He kept them all from making their way to the swift ships,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l569.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ὁδεύειν","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"προέεργε","lemma":"προεέργω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held back"},{"surface":"θοὰς","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ὁδεύειν","lemma":"ὁδεύω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of προέεργε","gloss":"to make their way"}]},{"number":570,"label":"570","id":"b11-l570","source":"αὐτὸς δὲ Τρώων καὶ Ἀχαιῶν θῦνε μεσηγὺ","translation":"while he himself charged midway between Trojans and Achaeans,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l570.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"he himself"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Achaeans"},{"surface":"θῦνε","lemma":"θύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"charged"},{"surface":"μεσηγὺ","lemma":"μεσηγύ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"between"}]},{"number":571,"label":"571","id":"b11-l571","source":"ἱστάμενος· τὰ δὲ δοῦρα θρασειάων ἀπὸ χειρῶν","translation":"standing his ground; and the spears from bold hands,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l571.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἱστάμενος","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to θῦνε","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter article","role":"modifies δοῦρα","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δοῦρα","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of πάγεν","gloss":"spears"},{"surface":"θρασειάων","lemma":"θρασύς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χειρῶν","gloss":"bold"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"χειρῶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"hands"}]},{"number":572,"label":"572","id":"b11-l572","source":"ἄλλα μὲν ἐν σάκεϊ μεγάλῳ πάγεν ὄρμενα πρόσσω,","translation":"some lodged in his great shield as they sped onward,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l572.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλα","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δοῦρα","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"σάκεϊ","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"μεγάλῳ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σάκεϊ","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"πάγεν","lemma":"πήγνυμι","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lodged"},{"surface":"ὄρμενα","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative plural neuter","role":"adverbial to πάγεν","gloss":"as they sped"},{"surface":"πρόσσω","lemma":"πρόσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ὄρμενα","gloss":"forward"}]},{"number":573,"label":"573","id":"b11-l573","source":"πολλὰ δὲ καὶ μεσσηγύ, πάρος χρόα λευκὸν ἐπαυρεῖν,","translation":"while many fell midway, before they could touch his white flesh,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l573.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of ἵσταντο","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μεσσηγύ","lemma":"μεσηγύ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵσταντο","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"χρόα","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπαυρεῖν","gloss":"flesh"},{"surface":"λευκὸν","lemma":"λευκός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χρόα","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"ἐπαυρεῖν","lemma":"ἐπαυρέω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to πάρος","gloss":"to touch"}]},{"number":574,"label":"574","id":"b11-l574","source":"ἐν γαίῃ ἵσταντο λιλαιόμενα χροὸς ἆσαι.","translation":"and stood in the earth, longing to glut themselves on flesh.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l574.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"γαίῃ","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"ἵσταντο","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"λιλαιόμενα","lemma":"λιλαίομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural neuter","role":"adverbial to ἵσταντο","gloss":"longing"},{"surface":"χροὸς","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἆσαι","gloss":"flesh"},{"surface":"ἆσαι","lemma":"ἄω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of λιλαιόμενα","gloss":"to glut themselves"}]},{"number":575,"label":"575","id":"b11-l575","source":"τὸν δʼ ὡς οὖν ἐνόησʼ Εὐαίμονος ἀγλαὸς υἱὸς","translation":"But when Eurypylus, the glorious son of Euaemon, saw Ajax","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l575.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐνόησ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐνόησ","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"Εὐαίμονος","lemma":"Εὐαίμων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Euaemon"},{"surface":"ἀγλαὸς","lemma":"ἀγλαός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":576,"label":"576","id":"b11-l576","source":"Εὐρύπυλος πυκινοῖσι βιαζόμενον βελέεσσι,","translation":"overborne by the thick rain of missiles,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l576.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Εὐρύπυλος","lemma":"Εὐρύπυλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Eurypylus"},{"surface":"πυκινοῖσι","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"thick"},{"surface":"βιαζόμενον","lemma":"βιάζω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"overborne"},{"surface":"βελέεσσι","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of βιαζόμενον","gloss":"missiles"}]},{"number":577,"label":"577","id":"b11-l577","source":"στῆ ῥα παρʼ αὐτὸν ἰών, καὶ ἀκόντισε δουρὶ φαεινῷ,","translation":"he came and stood beside him, and cast his shining spear,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l577.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of παῤ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἰών","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to στῆ","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀκόντισε","lemma":"ἀκοντίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀκόντισε","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"φαεινῷ","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὑπὸ","gloss":"shining"}]},{"number":578,"label":"578","id":"b11-l578","source":"καὶ βάλε Φαυσιάδην Ἀπισάονα ποιμένα λαῶν","translation":"and struck Apisaon, son of Phausius, shepherd of the people,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l578.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"Φαυσιάδην","lemma":"Φαυσιάδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀπισάονα","gloss":"son of Phausius"},{"surface":"Ἀπισάονα","lemma":"Ἀπισάων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Apisaon"},{"surface":"ποιμένα","lemma":"ποιμήν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"shepherd"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ποιμένα","gloss":"the people"}]},{"number":579,"label":"579","id":"b11-l579","source":"ἧπαρ ὑπὸ πραπίδων, εἶθαρ δʼ ὑπὸ γούνατʼ ἔλυσεν·","translation":"in the liver below the midriff, and at once loosed his knees.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l579.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἧπαρ ὑπὸ πραπίδων","title":"The wound below the midriff","body":"The spear reaches the liver beneath the diaphragm or midriff. Homer names both the organ and its bodily position before the familiar collapse formula, “loosed his knees.”"}],"words":[{"surface":"ἧπαρ","lemma":"ἧπαρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"liver"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"πραπίδων","lemma":"πραπίδες","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὸ","gloss":"the midriff"},{"surface":"εἶθαρ","lemma":"εἶθαρ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔλυσεν","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"γούνατ","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔλυσεν","gloss":"knees"},{"surface":"ἔλυσεν","lemma":"ἐλύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"loosed"}]},{"number":580,"label":"580","id":"b11-l580","source":"Εὐρύπυλος δʼ ἐπόρουσε καὶ αἴνυτο τεύχεʼ ἀπʼ ὤμων.","translation":"Eurypylus sprang upon him and stripped the armor from his shoulders.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l580.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Εὐρύπυλος","lemma":"Εὐρύπυλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Eurypylus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπόρουσε","lemma":"ἐπορούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sprang"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἴνυτο","lemma":"αἴνυμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stripped"},{"surface":"τεύχε","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of αἴνυτο","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὤμων","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπ̓","gloss":"shoulders"}]},{"number":581,"label":"581","id":"b11-l581","source":"τὸν δʼ ὡς οὖν ἐνόησεν Ἀλέξανδρος θεοειδὴς","translation":"But when godlike Paris marked him","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l581.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐνόησεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐνόησεν","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"marked"},{"surface":"Ἀλέξανδρος","lemma":"Ἀλέξανδρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐνόησεν","gloss":"Paris"},{"surface":"θεοειδὴς","lemma":"θεοειδής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀλέξανδρος","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":582,"label":"582","id":"b11-l582","source":"τεύχεʼ ἀπαινύμενον Ἀπισάονος, αὐτίκα τόξον","translation":"stripping the armor from Apisaon, at once he drew his bow","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l582.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τεύχε","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπαινύμενον","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἀπαινύμενον","lemma":"ἀπαίνυμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"stripping"},{"surface":"Ἀπισάονος","lemma":"Ἀπισάων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπαινύμενον","gloss":"Apisaon"},{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕλκετ̓","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"τόξον","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἕλκετ̓","gloss":"bow"}]},{"number":583,"label":"583","id":"b11-l583","source":"ἕλκετʼ ἐπʼ Εὐρυπύλῳ, καί μιν βάλε μηρὸν ὀϊστῷ","translation":"at Eurypylus, and struck him in the right thigh with an arrow;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l583.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕλκετ","lemma":"ἕλκω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he drew"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Εὐρυπύλῳ","lemma":"Εὐρύπυλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"Eurypylus"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"μηρὸν","lemma":"μηρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"thigh"},{"surface":"ὀϊστῷ","lemma":"ὀιστός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to βάλε","gloss":"arrow"}]},{"number":584,"label":"584","id":"b11-l584","source":"δεξιόν· ἐκλάσθη δὲ δόναξ, ἐβάρυνε δὲ μηρόν.","translation":"the reed shaft broke, and the arrow weighed down his thigh.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l584.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐκλάσθη δὲ δόναξ","title":"The broken reed shaft","body":"δόναξ is the reed shaft of the arrow. The Greek says that it breaks and burdens Eurypylus' thigh; it does not specify here that a separate arrowhead remains in the wound."}],"words":[{"surface":"δεξιόν","lemma":"δεξιός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μηρὸν","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"ἐκλάσθη","lemma":"κλάω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"broke"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δόναξ","lemma":"δόναξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐκλάσθη","gloss":"reed shaft"},{"surface":"ἐβάρυνε","lemma":"βαρύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"weighed upon"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μηρόν","lemma":"μηρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐβάρυνε","gloss":"thigh"}]},{"number":585,"label":"585","id":"b11-l585","source":"ἂψ δʼ ἑτάρων εἰς ἔθνος ἐχάζετο κῆρʼ ἀλεείνων,","translation":"and he shrank back into the throng of his comrades, avoiding death.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l585.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐχάζετο","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑτάρων","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἔθνος","gloss":"comrades"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"ἔθνος","lemma":"ἔθνος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"throng"},{"surface":"ἐχάζετο","lemma":"χάζω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shrank back"},{"surface":"κῆρ","lemma":"κήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀλεείνων","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"ἀλεείνων","lemma":"ἀλεείνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐχάζετο","gloss":"avoiding"}]},{"number":586,"label":"586","id":"b11-l586","source":"ἤϋσεν δὲ διαπρύσιον Δαναοῖσι γεγωνώς·","translation":"There he cried in a piercing voice to the Danaans:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l586.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤϋσεν","lemma":"αὔω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cried out"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"διαπρύσιον","lemma":"διαπρύσιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἤϋσεν","gloss":"piercing"},{"surface":"Δαναοῖσι","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of γεγωνώς","gloss":"the Danaans"},{"surface":"γεγωνώς","lemma":"γέγωνα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤϋσεν","gloss":"shouting"}]},{"number":587,"label":"587","id":"b11-l587","source":"ὦ φίλοι Ἀργείων ἡγήτορες ἠδὲ μέδοντες","translation":"Friends, leaders and rulers of the Argives,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l587.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"o"},{"surface":"φίλοι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friends"},{"surface":"Ἀργείων","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"the Argives"},{"surface":"ἡγήτορες","lemma":"ἡγήτωρ","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"leaders"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέδοντες","lemma":"μέδων","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"rulers"}]},{"number":588,"label":"588","id":"b11-l588","source":"στῆτʼ ἐλελιχθέντες καὶ ἀμύνετε νηλεὲς ἦμαρ","translation":"turn and stand, and ward the pitiless day from","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l588.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"στῆτʼ ἐλελιχθέντες καὶ ἀμύνετε","title":"Turn, stand, defend","body":"The aorist imperative στῆτε and present imperative ἀμύνετε frame the order: take a stand, then keep defending. The intervening participle ἐλελιχθέντες adds the physical turn back toward Ajax."}],"words":[{"surface":"στῆτ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"ἐλελιχθέντες","lemma":"ἐλελίζω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to στῆτ̓","gloss":"turn about"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμύνετε","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ward"},{"surface":"νηλεὲς","lemma":"νηλής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦμαρ","gloss":"pitiless"},{"surface":"ἦμαρ","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀμύνετε","gloss":"day"}]},{"number":589,"label":"589","id":"b11-l589","source":"Αἴανθʼ, ὃς βελέεσσι βιάζεται, οὐδέ ἕ φημι","translation":"Ajax, who is overborne by missiles; I do not think that he","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l589.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἴανθ","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμύνετε","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βιάζεται","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"βελέεσσι","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of βιάζεται","gloss":"missiles"},{"surface":"βιάζεται","lemma":"βιάζω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δέ","gloss":"is overborne"},{"surface":"ἕ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φεύξεσθ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"φημι","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δέ","gloss":"i think"}]},{"number":590,"label":"590","id":"b11-l590","source":"φεύξεσθʼ ἐκ πολέμοιο δυσηχέος· ἀλλὰ μάλʼ ἄντην","translation":"will escape from the harsh-sounding war. Stand squarely","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l590.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φεύξεσθ","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of φημι","gloss":"will escape"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"δυσηχέος","lemma":"δυσηχής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πολέμοιο","gloss":"dread-echoing"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"instead"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"firmly"},{"surface":"ἄντην","lemma":"ἄντην","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵστασθ̓","gloss":"squarely"}]},{"number":591,"label":"591","id":"b11-l591","source":"ἵστασθʼ ἀμφʼ Αἴαντα μέγαν Τελαμώνιον υἱόν.","translation":"around great Ajax, son of Telamon.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l591.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵστασθ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"Αἴαντα","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"μέγαν","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴαντα","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"Τελαμώνιον","lemma":"Τελαμών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱόν","gloss":"Telamonian"},{"surface":"υἱόν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":592,"label":"592","id":"b11-l592","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ Εὐρύπυλος βεβλημένος· οἳ δὲ παρʼ αὐτὸν","translation":"So wounded Eurypylus spoke; and they beside him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l592.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"Εὐρύπυλος","lemma":"Εὐρύπυλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔφατ̓","gloss":"Eurypylus"},{"surface":"βεβλημένος","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"wounded"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔστησαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of παῤ","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":593,"label":"593","id":"b11-l593","source":"πλησίοι ἔστησαν σάκεʼ ὤμοισι κλίναντες","translation":"stood close, leaning their shields upon their shoulders","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l593.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πλησίοι","lemma":"πλησίος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"close"},{"surface":"ἔστησαν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"σάκε","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of κλίναντες","gloss":"shields"},{"surface":"ὤμοισι","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κλίναντες","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"κλίναντες","lemma":"κλίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔστησαν","gloss":"leaning"}]},{"number":594,"label":"594","id":"b11-l594","source":"δούρατʼ ἀνασχόμενοι· τῶν δʼ ἀντίος ἤλυθεν Αἴας.","translation":"and lifting their spears; and Ajax came to meet them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l594.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δούρατ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀνασχόμενοι","gloss":"spears"},{"surface":"ἀνασχόμενοι","lemma":"ἀνέχω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔστησαν","gloss":"lifting"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀντίος","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀντίος","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"to meet"},{"surface":"ἤλυθεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤλυθεν","gloss":"Ajax"}]},{"number":595,"label":"595","id":"b11-l595","source":"στῆ δὲ μεταστρεφθείς, ἐπεὶ ἵκετο ἔθνος ἑταίρων.","translation":"He stood and turned about when he reached the host of his comrades.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l595.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μεταστρεφθείς","lemma":"μεταστρέφω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to στῆ","gloss":"turned about"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἵκετο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"ἔθνος","lemma":"ἔθνος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἵκετο","gloss":"throng"},{"surface":"ἑταίρων","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἔθνος","gloss":"comrades"}]},{"number":596,"label":"596","id":"b11-l596","source":"ὣς οἳ μὲν μάρναντο δέμας πυρὸς αἰθομένοιο·","translation":"So they fought on, like the blaze of burning fire.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l596.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"δέμας πυρὸς αἰθομένοιο","title":"Like burning fire","body":"δέμας with the genitive gives a compressed comparison, “in form like burning fire.” The line closes the chunk with the whole battle blazing, not with either side yet victorious."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μάρναντο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μάρναντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μάρναντο","lemma":"μάρναμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fought"},{"surface":"δέμας","lemma":"δέμας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to μάρναντο","gloss":"in form"},{"surface":"πυρὸς","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies δέμας","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"αἰθομένοιο","lemma":"αἴθω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular neuter","role":"modifies πυρὸς","gloss":"blazing"}]},{"number":597,"label":"597","id":"b11-l597","source":"Νέστορα δʼ ἐκ πολέμοιο φέρον Νηλήϊαι ἵπποι","translation":"The horses of Neleus bore Nestor out of battle,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l597.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Νέστορα","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φέρον","gloss":"Nestor"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"φέρον","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"Νηλήϊαι","lemma":"Νηλεύς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"of Neleus"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of φέρον","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":598,"label":"598","id":"b11-l598","source":"ἱδρῶσαι, ἦγον δὲ Μαχάονα ποιμένα λαῶν.","translation":"sweating, and they carried Machaon, shepherd of the people.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l598.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἱδρῶσαι","lemma":"ἱδρόω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to φέρον","gloss":"sweating"},{"surface":"ἦγον","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μαχάονα","lemma":"Μαχάων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Machaon"},{"surface":"ποιμένα","lemma":"ποιμήν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"shepherd"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ποιμένα","gloss":"the people"}]},{"number":599,"label":"599","id":"b11-l599","source":"τὸν δὲ ἰδὼν ἐνόησε ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς·","translation":"Swift-footed godlike Achilles saw the wounded man and marked him;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l599.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐνόησε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐνόησε","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"ἐνόησε","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"marked"},{"surface":"ποδάρκης","lemma":"ποδαρκής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"swift-footed"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐνόησε","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":600,"label":"600","id":"b11-l600","source":"ἑστήκει γὰρ ἐπὶ πρυμνῇ μεγακήτεϊ νηῒ","translation":"for he stood upon the stern of his huge ship,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l600.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑστήκει","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"πρυμνῇ","lemma":"πρυμνός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῒ","gloss":"the stern"},{"surface":"μεγακήτεϊ","lemma":"μεγακήτης","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῒ","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"νηῒ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ship"}]},{"number":601,"label":"601","id":"b11-l601","source":"εἰσορόων πόνον αἰπὺν ἰῶκά τε δακρυόεσσαν.","translation":"watching the battle's harsh toil and tearful rout.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l601.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰσορόων","lemma":"εἰσοράω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἑστήκει","gloss":"watching"},{"surface":"πόνον","lemma":"πόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"toil"},{"surface":"αἰπὺν","lemma":"αἰπύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόνον","gloss":"harsh"},{"surface":"ἰῶκά","lemma":"ἰωκή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"rout"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δακρυόεσσαν","lemma":"δακρυόεις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἰῶκά","gloss":"tearful"}]},{"number":602,"label":"602","id":"b11-l602","source":"αἶψα δʼ ἑταῖρον ἑὸν Πατροκλῆα προσέειπε","translation":"At once he called to his own companion Patroclus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l602.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσέειπε","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑταῖρον","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"companion"},{"surface":"ἑὸν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖρον","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"Πατροκλῆα","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called out to"}]},{"number":603,"label":"603","id":"b11-l603","source":"φθεγξάμενος παρὰ νηός· ὃ δὲ κλισίηθεν ἀκούσας","translation":"shouting from beside the ship; and hearing him from the hut,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l603.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φθεγξάμενος","lemma":"φθέγγομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέειπε","gloss":"calling aloud"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηός","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔκμολεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κλισίηθεν","lemma":"κλισίηθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἔκμολεν","gloss":"from the hut"},{"surface":"ἀκούσας","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔκμολεν","gloss":"hearing"}]},{"number":604,"label":"604","id":"b11-l604","source":"ἔκμολεν ἶσος Ἄρηϊ, κακοῦ δʼ ἄρα οἱ πέλεν ἀρχή.","translation":"Patroclus came forth like Ares; and this was the beginning of evil for him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l604.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔκμολεν","lemma":"ἐκμολεῖν","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came forth"},{"surface":"ἶσος","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"Ἄρηϊ","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἶσος","gloss":"Ares"},{"surface":"κακοῦ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἀρχή","gloss":"of evil"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πέλεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"πέλεν","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ἀρχή","lemma":"ἀρχή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of πέλεν","gloss":"beginning"}]},{"number":605,"label":"605","id":"b11-l605","source":"τὸν πρότερος προσέειπε Μενοιτίου ἄλκιμος υἱός·","translation":"The valiant son of Menoetius spoke to him first:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l605.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"πρότερος","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"Μενοιτίου","lemma":"Μενοίτιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"of Menoetius"},{"surface":"ἄλκιμος","lemma":"ἄλκιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"valiant"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπε","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":606,"label":"606","id":"b11-l606","source":"τίπτέ με κικλήσκεις Ἀχιλεῦ; τί δέ σε χρεὼ ἐμεῖο;","translation":"\"Why do you call me, Achilles? What need have you of me?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l606.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τίπτέ","lemma":"τίπτε","morphology":"pronoun","role":"adverbial to κικλήσκεις","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κικλήσκεις","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"κικλήσκεις","lemma":"κικλήσκω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do you call"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλεῦ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τίς","morphology":"irregular","role":"adverbial","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"χρεὼ","lemma":"χρεώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"need"},{"surface":"ἐμεῖο","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies χρεὼ","gloss":"me"}]},{"number":607,"label":"607","id":"b11-l607","source":"τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς·","translation":"Then swift-footed Achilles answered him and said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l607.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς","title":"Achilles' inherited answer formula","body":"The whole Greek line repeats earlier speech introductions for swift-footed Achilles. Its accepted English therefore returns unchanged, including the fuller formula “answered him and said.”"}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"πόδας","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὠκὺς","gloss":"footed"},{"surface":"ὠκὺς","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":608,"label":"608","id":"b11-l608","source":"δῖε Μενοιτιάδη τῷ ἐμῷ κεχαρισμένε θυμῷ","translation":"\"Godlike son of Menoetius, dearest to my heart,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l608.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῖε","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενοιτιάδη","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Μενοιτιάδη","lemma":"Μενοιτιάδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Menoetius's son"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine article","role":"modifies θυμῷ","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἐμῷ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμῷ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"κεχαρισμένε","lemma":"χαρίζομαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, vocative singular masculine","role":"modifies Μενοιτιάδη","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κεχαρισμένε","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":609,"label":"609","id":"b11-l609","source":"νῦν ὀΐω περὶ γούνατʼ ἐμὰ στήσεσθαι Ἀχαιοὺς","translation":"now I think the Achaeans will stand about my knees","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l609.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀΐω","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ὀΐω","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"i think"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"γούνατ","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"knees"},{"surface":"ἐμὰ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies γούνατ̓","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"στήσεσθαι","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ὀΐω","gloss":"will stand"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὺς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of στήσεσθαι","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":610,"label":"610","id":"b11-l610","source":"λισσομένους· χρειὼ γὰρ ἱκάνεται οὐκέτʼ ἀνεκτός.","translation":"begging me, for need has come that can no longer be borne.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l610.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λισσομένους","lemma":"λίσσομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"begging"},{"surface":"χρειὼ","lemma":"χρεώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἱκάνεται","gloss":"need"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἱκάνεται","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has come"},{"surface":"οὐκέτ","lemma":"οὐκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"ἀνεκτός","lemma":"ἀνεκτός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χρειὼ","gloss":"bearable"}]},{"number":611,"label":"611","id":"b11-l611","source":"ἀλλʼ ἴθι νῦν Πάτροκλε Διῒ φίλε Νέστορʼ ἔρειο","translation":"But go now, Patroclus, dear to Zeus, and ask Nestor","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l611.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἴθι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴθι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Πάτροκλε","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"Διῒ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies φίλε","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"φίλε","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πάτροκλε","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"Νέστορ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔρειο","gloss":"Nestor"},{"surface":"ἔρειο","lemma":"ἐρῶ","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ask"}]},{"number":612,"label":"612","id":"b11-l612","source":"ὅν τινα τοῦτον ἄγει βεβλημένον ἐκ πολέμοιο·","translation":"what man this is he brings wounded from battle;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l612.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἄγει","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"τινα","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὅν","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"τοῦτον","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὅν","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἄγει","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἔρειο","gloss":"brings"},{"surface":"βεβλημένον","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"wounded"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"battle"}]},{"number":613,"label":"613","id":"b11-l613","source":"ἤτοι μὲν τά γʼ ὄπισθε Μαχάονι πάντα ἔοικε","translation":"surely, seen from behind, he is like Machaon in every way,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l613.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔοικε","gloss":"his back"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"ὄπισθε","lemma":"ὄπισθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔοικε","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"Μαχάονι","lemma":"Μαχάων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Machaon"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τά","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"ἔοικε","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"like"}]},{"number":614,"label":"614","id":"b11-l614","source":"τῷ Ἀσκληπιάδῃ, ἀτὰρ οὐκ ἴδον ὄμματα φωτός·","translation":"the son of Asclepius; yet I did not see the man's eyes,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l614.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine article","role":"modifies Ἀσκληπιάδῃ","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Ἀσκληπιάδῃ","lemma":"̓ἀσκληπιάδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"son of Asclepius"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἴδον","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"ὄμματα","lemma":"ὄμμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἴδον","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"φωτός","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὄμματα","gloss":"the man"}]},{"number":615,"label":"615","id":"b11-l615","source":"ἵπποι γάρ με παρήϊξαν πρόσσω μεμαυῖαι.","translation":"for the horses swept past me, straining forward.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l615.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of παρήϊξαν","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of παρήϊξαν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"παρήϊξαν","lemma":"παραίσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rushed past"},{"surface":"πρόσσω","lemma":"πρόσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of μεμαυῖαι","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"μεμαυῖαι","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to παρήϊξαν","gloss":"eager"}]},{"number":616,"label":"616","id":"b11-l616","source":"ὣς φάτο, Πάτροκλος δὲ φίλῳ ἐπεπείθεθʼ ἑταίρῳ,","translation":"So he spoke, and Patroclus obeyed his dear companion,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l616.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὣς φάτο, Πάτροκλος δὲ φίλῳ ἐπεπείθεθʼ ἑταίρῳ","title":"Patroclus obeys his companion","body":"This Greek line repeats earlier moments when Patroclus obeys Achilles. The accepted English is therefore preserved exactly, with Patroclus as subject and his dear companion as the one obeyed."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"Πάτροκλος","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπεπείθεθ̓","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φίλῳ","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταίρῳ","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἐπεπείθεθ","lemma":"ἐπιπείθομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"obeyed"},{"surface":"ἑταίρῳ","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπεπείθεθ̓","gloss":"companion"}]},{"number":617,"label":"617","id":"b11-l617","source":"βῆ δὲ θέειν παρά τε κλισίας καὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν.","translation":"and set off running past the huts and ships of the Achaeans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l617.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set off"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θέειν","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of βῆ","gloss":"running"},{"surface":"παρά","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κλισίας","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"the huts"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":618,"label":"618","id":"b11-l618","source":"οἳ δʼ ὅτε δὴ κλισίην Νηληϊάδεω ἀφίκοντο,","translation":"When they came to the hut of the son of Neleus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l618.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀφίκοντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κλισίην","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀφίκοντο","gloss":"the hut"},{"surface":"Νηληϊάδεω","lemma":"Νηληιάδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κλισίην","gloss":"son of Neleus"},{"surface":"ἀφίκοντο","lemma":"ἀφικνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"came to"}]},{"number":619,"label":"619","id":"b11-l619","source":"αὐτοὶ μέν ῥʼ ἀπέβησαν ἐπὶ χθόνα πουλυβότειραν,","translation":"the two themselves stepped down upon the all-nurturing earth,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l619.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτοὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"the two themselves"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀπέβησαν","lemma":"ἀποβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stepped down"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"χθόνα","lemma":"χθών","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"πουλυβότειραν","lemma":"πολυβότειρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χθόνα","gloss":"all-nurturing"}]},{"number":620,"label":"620","id":"b11-l620","source":"ἵππους δʼ Εὐρυμέδων θεράπων λύε τοῖο γέροντος","translation":"and Eurymedon, the old man's attendant, loosed the horses","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l620.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of λύε","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Εὐρυμέδων","lemma":"Εὐρυμέδων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of λύε","gloss":"Eurymedon"},{"surface":"θεράπων","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Εὐρυμέδων","gloss":"attendant"},{"surface":"λύε","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"loosed"},{"surface":"τοῖο","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine article","role":"modifies γέροντος","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"γέροντος","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"old man"}]},{"number":621,"label":"621","id":"b11-l621","source":"ἐξ ὀχέων· τοὶ δʼ ἱδρῶ ἀπεψύχοντο χιτώνων","translation":"from the chariot; the two let the sweat dry from their tunics,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l621.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὀχέων","lemma":"ὄχος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"the chariot"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀπεψύχοντο","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱδρῶ","lemma":"ἱδρώς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπεψύχοντο","gloss":"sweat"},{"surface":"ἀπεψύχοντο","lemma":"ἀποψύχω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let dry"},{"surface":"χιτώνων","lemma":"χιτών","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπεψύχοντο","gloss":"tunics"}]},{"number":622,"label":"622","id":"b11-l622","source":"στάντε ποτὶ πνοιὴν παρὰ θῖνʼ ἁλός· αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα","translation":"standing toward the breeze beside the shore of the sea; then","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l622.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στάντε","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπεψύχοντο","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"ποτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"πνοιὴν","lemma":"πνοή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ποτὶ","gloss":"the breeze"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"θῖν","lemma":"θίς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"the shore"},{"surface":"ἁλός","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θῖν̓","gloss":"the sea"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κάθιζον","gloss":"then"}]},{"number":623,"label":"623","id":"b11-l623","source":"ἐς κλισίην ἐλθόντες ἐπὶ κλισμοῖσι κάθιζον.","translation":"they entered the hut and sat down upon chairs.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l623.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"κλισίην","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"hut"},{"surface":"ἐλθόντες","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κάθιζον","gloss":"having entered"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"κλισμοῖσι","lemma":"κλισμός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"chairs"},{"surface":"κάθιζον","lemma":"καθίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat down"}]},{"number":624,"label":"624","id":"b11-l624","source":"τοῖσι δὲ τεῦχε κυκειῶ ἐϋπλόκαμος Ἑκαμήδη,","translation":"For them well-tressed Hecamede prepared a kykeon,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l624.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of τεῦχε","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τεῦχε","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"κυκειῶ","lemma":"κυκεών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τεῦχε","gloss":"barley drink"},{"surface":"ἐϋπλόκαμος","lemma":"εὐπλόκαμος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἑκαμήδη","gloss":"lovely-haired"},{"surface":"Ἑκαμήδη","lemma":"Ἑκαμήδη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τεῦχε","gloss":"Hecamede"}]},{"number":625,"label":"625","id":"b11-l625","source":"τὴν ἄρετʼ ἐκ Τενέδοιο γέρων, ὅτε πέρσεν Ἀχιλλεύς,","translation":"whom the old man had chosen from Tenedos when Achilles sacked it,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l625.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ἄρετ","lemma":"αἴρω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἑκαμήδη","gloss":"had chosen"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Τενέδοιο","lemma":"Τένεδος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"Tenedos"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄρετ̓","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"πέρσεν","lemma":"πέρθω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"sacked"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πέρσεν","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":626,"label":"626","id":"b11-l626","source":"θυγατέρʼ Ἀρσινόου μεγαλήτορος, ἥν οἱ Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"the daughter of great-hearted Arsinous, whom the Achaeans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l626.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θυγατέρ","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"Ἀρσινόου","lemma":"Ἀρσίνοος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θυγατέῤ","gloss":"Arsinoüs"},{"surface":"μεγαλήτορος","lemma":"μεγαλήτωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀρσινόου","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"ἥν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἔξελον","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔξελον","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἔξελον","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":627,"label":"627","id":"b11-l627","source":"ἔξελον οὕνεκα βουλῇ ἀριστεύεσκεν ἁπάντων.","translation":"had picked out for him because he surpassed them all in counsel.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l627.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔξελον","lemma":"ἐξαιρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"had picked out"},{"surface":"οὕνεκα","lemma":"οὕνεκα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"βουλῇ","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀριστεύεσκεν","gloss":"counsel"},{"surface":"ἀριστεύεσκεν","lemma":"ἀριστεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to οὕνεκα","gloss":"was ever foremost"},{"surface":"ἁπάντων","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀριστεύεσκεν","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":628,"label":"628","id":"b11-l628","source":"ἥ σφωϊν πρῶτον μὲν ἐπιπροΐηλε τράπεζαν","translation":"First she drew up before the two of them a table,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l628.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπιπροΐηλε","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"σφωϊν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπιπροΐηλε","gloss":"for the two"},{"surface":"πρῶτον","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπιπροΐηλε","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐπιπροΐηλε","lemma":"ἐπιπροιάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew up before"},{"surface":"τράπεζαν","lemma":"τράπεζα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπιπροΐηλε","gloss":"a table"}]},{"number":629,"label":"629","id":"b11-l629","source":"καλὴν κυανόπεζαν ἐΰξοον, αὐτὰρ ἐπʼ αὐτῆς","translation":"beautiful, blue-footed, and well-polished; then upon it","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l629.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καλὴν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"κυανόπεζαν","lemma":"κυανόπεζα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"dark-footed"},{"surface":"ἐΰξοον","lemma":"εὔξοος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"polished"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"αὐτῆς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":630,"label":"630","id":"b11-l630","source":"χάλκειον κάνεον, ἐπὶ δὲ κρόμυον ποτῷ ὄψον,","translation":"a bronze basket, and an onion as relish for the drink,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l630.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χάλκειον","lemma":"χάλκειος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κάνεον","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"κάνεον","lemma":"κάνεον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"basket"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon it"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κρόμυον","lemma":"κρόμυον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"onion"},{"surface":"ποτῷ","lemma":"ποτός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὄψον","gloss":"for the drink"},{"surface":"ὄψον","lemma":"ὄψον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"modifies κρόμυον","gloss":"relish"}]},{"number":631,"label":"631","id":"b11-l631","source":"ἠδὲ μέλι χλωρόν, παρὰ δʼ ἀλφίτου ἱεροῦ ἀκτήν,","translation":"and pale honey, and beside it a heap of sacred barley meal,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l631.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέλι","lemma":"μέλι","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"honey"},{"surface":"χλωρόν","lemma":"χλωρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μέλι","gloss":"pale"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλφίτου","lemma":"ἄλφιτον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ἀκτήν","gloss":"barley meal"},{"surface":"ἱεροῦ","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἀλφίτου","gloss":"sacred"},{"surface":"ἀκτήν","lemma":"ἀκτή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"a heap"}]},{"number":632,"label":"632","id":"b11-l632","source":"πὰρ δὲ δέπας περικαλλές, ὃ οἴκοθεν ἦγʼ ὁ γεραιός,","translation":"and nearby a very beautiful cup, which the old man had brought from home,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l632.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"nearby"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δέπας","lemma":"δέπας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"cup"},{"surface":"περικαλλές","lemma":"περικαλλής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δέπας","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἦγ̓","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"οἴκοθεν","lemma":"οἴκοθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἦγ̓","gloss":"from home"},{"surface":"ἦγ","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"brought"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies γεραιός","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"γεραιός","lemma":"γεραιός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἦγ̓","gloss":"old man"}]},{"number":633,"label":"633","id":"b11-l633","source":"χρυσείοις ἥλοισι πεπαρμένον· οὔατα δʼ αὐτοῦ","translation":"studded with golden nails; its handles","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l633.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χρυσείοις","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἥλοισι","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"ἥλοισι","lemma":"ἧλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of πεπαρμένον","gloss":"nails"},{"surface":"πεπαρμένον","lemma":"πείρω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"studded"},{"surface":"οὔατα","lemma":"οὖς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔσαν","gloss":"handles"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies οὔατα","gloss":"its"}]},{"number":634,"label":"634","id":"b11-l634","source":"τέσσαρʼ ἔσαν, δοιαὶ δὲ πελειάδες ἀμφὶς ἕκαστον","translation":"were four, and around each two golden doves","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l634.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τέσσαρ","lemma":"τέσσαρες","morphology":"numeral","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"four"},{"surface":"ἔσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"δοιαὶ","lemma":"δοιοί","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies πελειάδες","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πελειάδες","lemma":"πελειάς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of νεμέθοντο","gloss":"doves"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶς","lemma":"ἀμφίς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"all around"},{"surface":"ἕκαστον","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶς","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":635,"label":"635","id":"b11-l635","source":"χρύσειαι νεμέθοντο, δύω δʼ ὑπὸ πυθμένες ἦσαν.","translation":"fed, while beneath it were two bases.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l635.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χρύσειαι","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies πελειάδες","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"νεμέθοντο","lemma":"νεμέθω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fed"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies πυθμένες","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"πυθμένες","lemma":"πυθμήν","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦσαν","gloss":"bases"},{"surface":"ἦσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were"}]},{"number":636,"label":"636","id":"b11-l636","source":"ἄλλος μὲν μογέων ἀποκινήσασκε τραπέζης","translation":"Any other man would strain to move it from the table","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l636.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἀποκινήσασκε","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μογέων","lemma":"μογέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀποκινήσασκε","gloss":"straining"},{"surface":"ἀποκινήσασκε","lemma":"ἀποκινέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would move"},{"surface":"τραπέζης","lemma":"τράπεζα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀποκινήσασκε","gloss":"from the table"}]},{"number":637,"label":"637","id":"b11-l637","source":"πλεῖον ἐόν, Νέστωρ δʼ ὁ γέρων ἀμογητὶ ἄειρεν.","translation":"when it was full, but old Nestor lifted it without effort.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l637.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πλεῖον","lemma":"πλέως","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"when full"},{"surface":"ἐόν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular neuter","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"Νέστωρ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Nestor"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies γέρων","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"ἀμογητὶ","lemma":"ἀμογητί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄειρεν","gloss":"without effort"},{"surface":"ἄειρεν","lemma":"ἀείρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lifted"}]},{"number":638,"label":"638","id":"b11-l638","source":"ἐν τῷ ῥά σφι κύκησε γυνὴ ἐϊκυῖα θεῇσιν","translation":"In it the woman like the goddesses mixed for them","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l638.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"σφι","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of κύκησε","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"κύκησε","lemma":"κυκάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"mixed"},{"surface":"γυνὴ","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of κύκησε","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"ἐϊκυῖα","lemma":"εἰκός","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifies γυνὴ","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"θεῇσιν","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐϊκυῖα","gloss":"goddesses"}]},{"number":639,"label":"639","id":"b11-l639","source":"οἴνῳ Πραμνείῳ, ἐπὶ δʼ αἴγειον κνῆ τυρὸν","translation":"Pramnian wine, and grated goat's cheese over it","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l639.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴνῳ","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κύκησε","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"Πραμνείῳ","lemma":"Πράμνειος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies οἴνῳ","gloss":"Pramnian"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἴγειον","lemma":"αἴγειος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τυρὸν","gloss":"goat's"},{"surface":"κνῆ","lemma":"κνάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grated"},{"surface":"τυρὸν","lemma":"τυρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κνῆ","gloss":"cheese"}]},{"number":640,"label":"640","id":"b11-l640","source":"κνήστι χαλκείῃ, ἐπὶ δʼ ἄλφιτα λευκὰ πάλυνε,","translation":"with a bronze grater, and sprinkled white barley meal upon it;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l640.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κνήστι","lemma":"κνῆστις","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κνῆ","gloss":"grater"},{"surface":"χαλκείῃ","lemma":"χάλκειος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κνήστι","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλφιτα","lemma":"ἄλφιτον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πάλυνε","gloss":"barley meal"},{"surface":"λευκὰ","lemma":"λευκός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄλφιτα","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"πάλυνε","lemma":"παλύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sprinkled"}]},{"number":641,"label":"641","id":"b11-l641","source":"πινέμεναι δʼ ἐκέλευσεν, ἐπεί ῥʼ ὥπλισσε κυκειῶ.","translation":"then she bade them drink, once she had prepared the kykeon.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l641.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πινέμεναι","lemma":"πίνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐκέλευσεν","gloss":"drink"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκέλευσεν","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bade"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὥπλισσε","lemma":"ὁπλίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"made ready"},{"surface":"κυκειῶ","lemma":"κυκεών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὥπλισσε","gloss":"barley drink"}]},{"number":642,"label":"642","id":"b11-l642","source":"τὼ δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν πίνοντʼ ἀφέτην πολυκαγκέα δίψαν","translation":"When the two had drunk and sent away their parching thirst,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l642.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πίνοντ̓","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πίνοντ","lemma":"πίνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀφέτην","gloss":"had drunk"},{"surface":"ἀφέτην","lemma":"ἀφίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"sent away"},{"surface":"πολυκαγκέα","lemma":"πολυκαγκής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies δίψαν","gloss":"parching"},{"surface":"δίψαν","lemma":"δίψα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀφέτην","gloss":"thirst"}]},{"number":643,"label":"643","id":"b11-l643","source":"μύθοισιν τέρποντο πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἐνέποντες,","translation":"they delighted in words, speaking to one another,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l643.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μύθοισιν","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τέρποντο","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"τέρποντο","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"delighted"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλους","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"ἐνέποντες","lemma":"ἐνέπω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to τέρποντο","gloss":"speaking"}]},{"number":644,"label":"644","id":"b11-l644","source":"Πάτροκλος δὲ θύρῃσιν ἐφίστατο ἰσόθεος φώς.","translation":"but Patroclus, a godlike man, stood in the doorway.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l644.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πάτροκλος","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"θύρῃσιν","lemma":"θύρα","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐφίστατο","gloss":"in the doorway"},{"surface":"ἐφίστατο","lemma":"ἐφίστημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood nearby"},{"surface":"ἰσόθεος","lemma":"ἰσόθεος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies φώς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"φώς","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":645,"label":"645","id":"b11-l645","source":"τὸν δὲ ἰδὼν ὁ γεραιὸς ἀπὸ θρόνου ὦρτο φαεινοῦ,","translation":"Seeing him, the old man rose from his shining chair,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l645.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἰδὼν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὦρτο","gloss":"seeing"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies γεραιὸς","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γεραιὸς","lemma":"γεραιός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"θρόνου","lemma":"θρόνον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"throne"},{"surface":"ὦρτο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"φαεινοῦ","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies θρόνου","gloss":"shining"}]},{"number":646,"label":"646","id":"b11-l646","source":"ἐς δʼ ἄγε χειρὸς ἑλών, κατὰ δʼ ἑδριάασθαι ἄνωγε.","translation":"and took him by the hand, led him in, and bade him sit down.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l646.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐς δʼ ἄγε χειρὸς ἑλών, κατὰ δʼ ἑδριάασθαι ἄνωγε","title":"A hospitality line seeded for return","body":"This whole line returns at line 778 when Nestor recalls Achilles welcoming visitors in Phthia. The context-stable English established here must recur there exactly: “and took him by the hand, led him in, and bade him sit down.”"}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"χειρὸς","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἑλών","gloss":"by the hand"},{"surface":"ἑλών","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἄγε","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑδριάασθαι","lemma":"ἑδριάω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἄνωγε","gloss":"to sit down"},{"surface":"ἄνωγε","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bade"}]},{"number":647,"label":"647","id":"b11-l647","source":"Πάτροκλος δʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἀναίνετο εἶπέ τε μῦθον·","translation":"But Patroclus in turn refused and spoke:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l647.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πάτροκλος","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἑτέρωθεν","lemma":"ἑτέρωθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"ἀναίνετο","lemma":"ἀναίνομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"refused"},{"surface":"εἶπέ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἶπέ","gloss":"word"}]},{"number":648,"label":"648","id":"b11-l648","source":"οὐχ ἕδος ἐστὶ γεραιὲ διοτρεφές, οὐδέ με πείσεις.","translation":"\"There is no sitting, Zeus-nurtured elder; you will not persuade me.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l648.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐχ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἕδος","lemma":"ἕδος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐστὶ","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"ἐστὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there is"},{"surface":"γεραιὲ","lemma":"γεραιός","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"elder"},{"surface":"διοτρεφές","lemma":"διοτρεφής","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies γεραιὲ","gloss":"Zeus-nurtured"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πείσεις","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"πείσεις","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"future active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"persuade"}]},{"number":649,"label":"649","id":"b11-l649","source":"αἰδοῖος νεμεσητὸς ὅ με προέηκε πυθέσθαι","translation":"One to revere and fear is he who sent me to learn","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l649.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰδοῖος","lemma":"αἰδοῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"to revere"},{"surface":"νεμεσητὸς","lemma":"νεμεσητός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"to fear"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of προέηκε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προέηκε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"προέηκε","lemma":"προίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"subject","gloss":"sent forth"},{"surface":"πυθέσθαι","lemma":"πυνθάνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"adverbial to προέηκε","gloss":"to learn"}]},{"number":650,"label":"650","id":"b11-l650","source":"ὅν τινα τοῦτον ἄγεις βεβλημένον· ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτὸς","translation":"what man this is you bring wounded; but I myself","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l650.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἄγεις","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"τινα","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὅν","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"τοῦτον","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὅν","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἄγεις","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of πυθέσθαι","gloss":"bring"},{"surface":"βεβλημένον","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"wounded"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"i myself"}]},{"number":651,"label":"651","id":"b11-l651","source":"γιγνώσκω, ὁρόω δὲ Μαχάονα ποιμένα λαῶν.","translation":"know him now, and I see Machaon, shepherd of the people.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l651.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γιγνώσκω","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"i know"},{"surface":"ὁρόω","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"i see"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μαχάονα","lemma":"Μαχάων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Machaon"},{"surface":"ποιμένα","lemma":"ποιμήν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"shepherd"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ποιμένα","gloss":"the people"}]},{"number":652,"label":"652","id":"b11-l652","source":"νῦν δὲ ἔπος ἐρέων πάλιν ἄγγελος εἶμʼ Ἀχιλῆϊ.","translation":"Now I shall go back as messenger to bring word to Achilles.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l652.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἶμ̓","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐρέων","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ἐρέων","lemma":"ἐρῶ","morphology":"future active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἶμ̓","gloss":"to tell"},{"surface":"πάλιν","lemma":"πάλιν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἶμ̓","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ἄγγελος","lemma":"ἄγγελος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"messenger"},{"surface":"εἶμ","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will go"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆϊ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἶμ̓","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":653,"label":"653","id":"b11-l653","source":"εὖ δὲ σὺ οἶσθα γεραιὲ διοτρεφές, οἷος ἐκεῖνος","translation":"You know well, Zeus-nurtured elder, what he is like,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l653.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οἶσθα","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of οἶσθα","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"οἶσθα","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you know"},{"surface":"γεραιὲ","lemma":"γεραιός","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"elder"},{"surface":"διοτρεφές","lemma":"διοτρεφής","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies γεραιὲ","gloss":"Zeus-nurtured"},{"surface":"οἷος","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"ἐκεῖνος","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνήρ","gloss":"that man"}]},{"number":654,"label":"654","id":"b11-l654","source":"δεινὸς ἀνήρ· τάχα κεν καὶ ἀναίτιον αἰτιόῳτο.","translation":"a terrible man; soon he might blame even one who is blameless.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l654.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τάχα κεν καὶ ἀναίτιον αἰτιόῳτο","title":"He might blame the blameless","body":"The optative αἰτιόῳτο with κεν presents what Achilles might readily do: find fault even with someone who is without blame. Patroclus' closing warning explains why he will not sit and delay the report."}],"words":[{"surface":"δεινὸς","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνήρ","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"ἀνήρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"τάχα","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to αἰτιόῳτο","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἀναίτιον","lemma":"ἀναίτιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of αἰτιόῳτο","gloss":"blameless"},{"surface":"αἰτιόῳτο","lemma":"αἰτιάομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"might blame"}]},{"number":655,"label":"655","id":"b11-l655","source":"τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ·","translation":"Then Nestor, the Gerenian horseman, answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l655.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ","title":"Nestor, the Gerenian horseman","body":"This standing name-and-epithet unit is held to the same wording used throughout the poem. Gerenian may preserve a link with a place called Gerenia, while ἱππότα marks Nestor as a horseman."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Γερήνιος","lemma":"Γερήνιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἱππότα","gloss":"Gerenian"},{"surface":"ἱππότα","lemma":"ἱππότης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Νέστωρ","gloss":"horseman"},{"surface":"Νέστωρ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"Nestor"}]},{"number":656,"label":"656","id":"b11-l656","source":"τίπτε τὰρ ὧδʼ Ἀχιλεὺς ὀλοφύρεται υἷας Ἀχαιῶν,","translation":"Why then does Achilles lament the sons of the Achaeans so much,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l656.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τίπτε","lemma":"τίπτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀλοφύρεται","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"τὰρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὧδ","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀλοφύρεται","gloss":"so much"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὀλοφύρεται","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"ὀλοφύρεται","lemma":"ὀλοφύρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"laments"},{"surface":"υἷας","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὀλοφύρεται","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷας","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":657,"label":"657","id":"b11-l657","source":"ὅσσοι δὴ βέλεσιν βεβλήαται; οὐδέ τι οἶδε","translation":"all who have now been struck by missiles? He knows nothing","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l657.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅσσοι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of βεβλήαται","gloss":"all who"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"βέλεσιν","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of βεβλήαται","gloss":"missiles"},{"surface":"βεβλήαται","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing υἷας","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of οἶδε","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"οἶδε","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"knows"}]},{"number":658,"label":"658","id":"b11-l658","source":"πένθεος, ὅσσον ὄρωρε κατὰ στρατόν· οἳ γὰρ ἄριστοι","translation":"of the grief that has risen through the camp; for our best men","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l658.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πένθεος","lemma":"πένθος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies τι","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"ὅσσον","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"subject of ὄρωρε","gloss":"all that"},{"surface":"ὄρωρε","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing πένθεος","gloss":"has risen"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"στρατόν","lemma":"στρατός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"the camp"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἄριστοι","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἄριστοι","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of κέαται","gloss":"best"}]},{"number":659,"label":"659","id":"b11-l659","source":"ἐν νηυσὶν κέαται βεβλημένοι οὐτάμενοί τε.","translation":"lie in the ships, struck and wounded.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l659.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"βεβλημένοι οὐτάμενοί τε","title":"Struck and wounded","body":"The perfect participle βεβλημένοι presents men who have been hit and remain disabled, while οὐτάμενοι adds wounds made in close combat. The same Greek line returns at 11.826 and requires this exact English wording there."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"κέαται","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lie"},{"surface":"βεβλημένοι","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"οὐτάμενοί","lemma":"οὐτάω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"wounded"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":660,"label":"660","id":"b11-l660","source":"βέβληται μὲν ὃ Τυδεΐδης κρατερὸς Διομήδης,","translation":"Mighty Diomedes, son of Tydeus, has been struck,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l660.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βέβληται","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has been struck"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies Τυδεΐδης","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"Τυδεΐδης","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Tydeus' son"},{"surface":"κρατερὸς","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διομήδης","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"Διομήδης","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Diomedes"}]},{"number":661,"label":"661","id":"b11-l661","source":"οὔτασται δʼ Ὀδυσεὺς δουρὶ κλυτὸς ἠδʼ Ἀγαμέμνων·","translation":"and Odysseus, famed with the spear, and Agamemnon have been wounded;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l661.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔτασται","lemma":"οὐτάζω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has been wounded"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠδ̓","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"modifies κλυτὸς","gloss":"with the spear"},{"surface":"κλυτὸς","lemma":"κλυτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσεὺς","gloss":"famed"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠδ̓","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":662,"label":"662","id":"b11-l662","source":"βέβληται δὲ καὶ Εὐρύπυλος κατὰ μηρὸν ὀϊστῷ·","translation":"Eurypylus too has been struck in the thigh by an arrow;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l662.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βέβληται","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has been struck"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"Εὐρύπυλος","lemma":"Εὐρύπυλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βέβληται","gloss":"Eurypylus"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"μηρὸν","lemma":"μηρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"thigh"},{"surface":"ὀϊστῷ","lemma":"ὀιστός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to βέβληται","gloss":"arrow"}]},{"number":663,"label":"663","id":"b11-l663","source":"τοῦτον δʼ ἄλλον ἐγὼ νέον ἤγαγον ἐκ πολέμοιο","translation":"and this other man I have just brought from the battle,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l663.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦτον","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἤγαγον","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλον","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τοῦτον","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἤγαγον","gloss":"i"},{"surface":"νέον","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἤγαγον","gloss":"just now"},{"surface":"ἤγαγον","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brought"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"battle"}]},{"number":664,"label":"664","id":"b11-l664","source":"ἰῷ ἀπὸ νευρῆς βεβλημένον. αὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς","translation":"struck by an arrow from the bowstring. But Achilles,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l664.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἰῷ","lemma":"ἰός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βεβλημένον","gloss":"arrow"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"νευρῆς","lemma":"νευρά","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀπὸ","gloss":"bowstring"},{"surface":"βεβλημένον","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":665,"label":"665","id":"b11-l665","source":"ἐσθλὸς ἐὼν Δαναῶν οὐ κήδεται οὐδʼ ἐλεαίρει.","translation":"though a noble man, neither cares for the Danaans nor pities them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l665.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐσθλὸς","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"though he is"},{"surface":"Δαναῶν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of κήδεται","gloss":"Danaans"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"κήδεται","lemma":"κήδω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cares"},{"surface":"ἐλεαίρει","lemma":"ἐλεαίρω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pities"}]},{"number":666,"label":"666","id":"b11-l666","source":"ἦ μένει εἰς ὅ κε δὴ νῆες θοαὶ ἄγχι θαλάσσης","translation":"Does he wait until the swift ships beside the sea","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l666.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"does"},{"surface":"μένει","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wait"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νῆες","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of θέρωνται","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"θοαὶ","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἄγχι","lemma":"ἄγχι","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"θαλάσσης","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἄγχι","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":667,"label":"667","id":"b11-l667","source":"Ἀργείων ἀέκητι πυρὸς δηΐοιο θέρωνται,","translation":"burn beneath consuming fire despite the Argives,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l667.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργείων","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀέκητι","gloss":"the Argives"},{"surface":"ἀέκητι","lemma":"ἀέκητι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θέρωνται","gloss":"despite"},{"surface":"πυρὸς","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of θέρωνται","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"δηΐοιο","lemma":"δάιος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πυρὸς","gloss":"consuming"},{"surface":"θέρωνται","lemma":"θέρω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"be kindled"}]},{"number":668,"label":"668","id":"b11-l668","source":"αὐτοί τε κτεινώμεθʼ ἐπισχερώ; οὐ γὰρ ἐμὴ ἲς","translation":"and we ourselves are slain one after another? For my strength","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l668.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτοί","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"we ourselves"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κτεινώμεθ","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"are slain"},{"surface":"ἐπισχερώ","lemma":"ἐπισχερώ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κτεινώμεθ̓","gloss":"in succession"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐμὴ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἲς","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἲς","lemma":"ἴς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔσθ̓","gloss":"strength"}]},{"number":669,"label":"669","id":"b11-l669","source":"ἔσθʼ οἵη πάρος ἔσκεν ἐνὶ γναμπτοῖσι μέλεσσιν.","translation":"is no longer what it once was in my supple limbs.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l669.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσθ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"οἵη","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσκεν","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ἔσκεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"γναμπτοῖσι","lemma":"γναμπτός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μέλεσσιν","gloss":"supple"},{"surface":"μέλεσσιν","lemma":"μέλος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"limbs"}]},{"number":670,"label":"670","id":"b11-l670","source":"εἴθʼ ὣς ἡβώοιμι βίη δέ μοι ἔμπεδος εἴη","translation":"Would that I were young again, and my strength stood firm,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l670.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"εἴθʼ ὣς ἡβώοιμι","title":"A wish beyond reach","body":"εἴθε with the optative ἡβώοιμι voices Nestor's unattainable wish that he might be young again. The following optative εἴη extends the same wish to the strength he once possessed."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἴθ","lemma":"εἴθε","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would that"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἡβώοιμι","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἡβώοιμι","lemma":"ἡβάω","morphology":"present active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"i were young"},{"surface":"βίη","lemma":"βία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of εἴη","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies βίη","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἔμπεδος","lemma":"ἔμπεδος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"firm"},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"might be"}]},{"number":671,"label":"671","id":"b11-l671","source":"ὡς ὁπότʼ Ἠλείοισι καὶ ἡμῖν νεῖκος ἐτύχθη","translation":"as when strife arose between the Eleans and us","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l671.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ὁπότ","lemma":"ὁπότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"Ἠλείοισι","lemma":"Ἠλείοι","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"the Eleans"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἡμῖν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"νεῖκος","lemma":"νεῖκος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐτύχθη","gloss":"strife"},{"surface":"ἐτύχθη","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὁπότ̓","gloss":"arose"}]},{"number":672,"label":"672","id":"b11-l672","source":"ἀμφὶ βοηλασίῃ, ὅτʼ ἐγὼ κτάνον Ἰτυμονῆα","translation":"over a cattle raid, when I killed Itymoneus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l672.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"βοηλασίῃ","lemma":"βοηλασία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"cattle raid"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κτάνον","gloss":"i"},{"surface":"κτάνον","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτ̓","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"Ἰτυμονῆα","lemma":"Ἰτυμονεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Itymoneus"}]},{"number":673,"label":"673","id":"b11-l673","source":"ἐσθλὸν Ὑπειροχίδην, ὃς ἐν Ἤλιδι ναιετάασκε,","translation":"the noble son of Hypeirochus, who lived in Elis,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l673.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐσθλὸν","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὑπειροχίδην","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"Ὑπειροχίδην","lemma":"Ὑπειροχίδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"son of Hypeirochus"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ναιετάασκε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Ἤλιδι","lemma":"Ἦλις","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"Elis"},{"surface":"ναιετάασκε","lemma":"ναιετάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"dwelt"}]},{"number":674,"label":"674","id":"b11-l674","source":"ῥύσιʼ ἐλαυνόμενος· ὃ δʼ ἀμύνων ᾗσι βόεσσιν","translation":"as I drove off the cattle. Defending his own herd,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l674.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥύσι","lemma":"ῥύσιον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐλαυνόμενος","gloss":"cattle as spoil"},{"surface":"ἐλαυνόμενος","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κτάνον","gloss":"drove"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔβλητ̓","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμύνων","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔβλητ̓","gloss":"defending"},{"surface":"ᾗσι","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies βόεσσιν","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"βόεσσιν","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀμύνων","gloss":"cattle"}]},{"number":675,"label":"675","id":"b11-l675","source":"ἔβλητʼ ἐν πρώτοισιν ἐμῆς ἀπὸ χειρὸς ἄκοντι,","translation":"he was struck among the foremost by a cast from my hand,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l675.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔβλητ","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πρώτοισιν","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the foremost"},{"surface":"ἐμῆς","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χειρὸς","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"χειρὸς","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀπὸ","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"ἄκοντι","lemma":"ἄκων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔβλητ̓","gloss":"with a javelin"}]},{"number":676,"label":"676","id":"b11-l676","source":"κὰδ δʼ ἔπεσεν, λαοὶ δὲ περίτρεσαν ἀγροιῶται.","translation":"and fell; and the country folk around him fled in terror.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l676.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κὰδ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπεσεν","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"λαοὶ","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of περίτρεσαν","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"περίτρεσαν","lemma":"περιτρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fled around"},{"surface":"ἀγροιῶται","lemma":"ἀγροιώτης","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies λαοὶ","gloss":"country folk"}]},{"number":677,"label":"677","id":"b11-l677","source":"ληΐδα δʼ ἐκ πεδίου συνελάσσαμεν ἤλιθα πολλὴν","translation":"From the plain we gathered and drove away an immense mass of spoil:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l677.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ληΐδα","lemma":"ληίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"the spoil"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πεδίου","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"the plain"},{"surface":"συνελάσσαμεν","lemma":"συνελαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we gathered and drove"},{"surface":"ἤλιθα","lemma":"ἤλιθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"exceedingly"},{"surface":"πολλὴν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ληΐδα","gloss":"immense"}]},{"number":678,"label":"678","id":"b11-l678","source":"πεντήκοντα βοῶν ἀγέλας, τόσα πώεα οἰῶν,","translation":"fifty herds of cattle, as many flocks of sheep,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l678.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πεντήκοντα","lemma":"πεντήκοντα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ἀγέλας","gloss":"fifty"},{"surface":"βοῶν","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies ἀγέλας","gloss":"cattle"},{"surface":"ἀγέλας","lemma":"ἀγέλη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"herds"},{"surface":"τόσα","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies πώεα","gloss":"so many"},{"surface":"πώεα","lemma":"πῶυ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"flocks"},{"surface":"οἰῶν","lemma":"ὄις","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies πώεα","gloss":"of sheep"}]},{"number":679,"label":"679","id":"b11-l679","source":"τόσσα συῶν συβόσια, τόσʼ αἰπόλια πλατέʼ αἰγῶν,","translation":"as many droves of pigs, as many broad herds of goats,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l679.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόσσα","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies συβόσια","gloss":"so many"},{"surface":"συῶν","lemma":"ὗς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies συβόσια","gloss":"of pigs"},{"surface":"συβόσια","lemma":"συβόσιον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"droves"},{"surface":"τόσ","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies αἰπόλια","gloss":"so many"},{"surface":"αἰπόλια","lemma":"αἰπόλιον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"herds"},{"surface":"πλατέ","lemma":"πλατύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies αἰπόλια","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"αἰγῶν","lemma":"αἴξ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies αἰπόλια","gloss":"of goats"}]},{"number":680,"label":"680","id":"b11-l680","source":"ἵππους δὲ ξανθὰς ἑκατὸν καὶ πεντήκοντα","translation":"and a hundred and fifty chestnut horses,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l680.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ξανθὰς","lemma":"ξανθός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"chestnut"},{"surface":"ἑκατὸν","lemma":"ἑκατόν","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"a hundred"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πεντήκοντα","lemma":"πεντήκοντα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"fifty"}]},{"number":681,"label":"681","id":"b11-l681","source":"πάσας θηλείας, πολλῇσι δὲ πῶλοι ὑπῆσαν.","translation":"all mares, with many foals beneath them.","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l681.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πολλῇσι δὲ πῶλοι ὑπῆσαν","title":"Mares with foals","body":"πῶλοι are young horses or foals, and ὑπῆσαν pictures them beneath or beside their mothers. The captured horses are all mares, many still accompanied by young."}],"words":[{"surface":"πάσας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"θηλείας","lemma":"θῆλυς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"mares"},{"surface":"πολλῇσι","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"object of ὑπῆσαν","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πῶλοι","lemma":"πῶλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ὑπῆσαν","gloss":"foals"},{"surface":"ὑπῆσαν","lemma":"ὕπειμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were beneath"}]},{"number":682,"label":"682","id":"b11-l682","source":"καὶ τὰ μὲν ἠλασάμεσθα Πύλον Νηλήϊον εἴσω","translation":"All these we drove inside Neleian Pylos","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l682.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἠλασάμεσθα","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἠλασάμεσθα","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove"},{"surface":"Πύλον","lemma":"Πύλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἴσω","gloss":"Pylos"},{"surface":"Νηλήϊον","lemma":"Νηλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πύλον","gloss":"Neleian"},{"surface":"εἴσω","lemma":"εἴσω","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"within"}]},{"number":683,"label":"683","id":"b11-l683","source":"ἐννύχιοι προτὶ ἄστυ· γεγήθει δὲ φρένα Νηλεύς,","translation":"by night, toward the town; and Neleus rejoiced in heart","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l683.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐννύχιοι","lemma":"ἐννύχιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"by night"},{"surface":"προτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of προτὶ","gloss":"the town"},{"surface":"γεγήθει","lemma":"γηθέω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rejoiced"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φρένα","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of γεγήθει","gloss":"in heart"},{"surface":"Νηλεύς","lemma":"Νηλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of γεγήθει","gloss":"Neleus"}]},{"number":684,"label":"684","id":"b11-l684","source":"οὕνεκά μοι τύχε πολλὰ νέῳ πόλεμον δὲ κιόντι.","translation":"because so much had fallen to me when I went young into war.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l684.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὕνεκά","lemma":"οὕνεκα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τύχε","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"τύχε","lemma":"τυγχάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to οὕνεκά","gloss":"fell to"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of τύχε","gloss":"so much"},{"surface":"νέῳ","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"πόλεμον","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κιόντι","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"κιόντι","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"aorist active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"went"}]},{"number":685,"label":"685","id":"b11-l685","source":"κήρυκες δʼ ἐλίγαινον ἅμʼ ἠοῖ φαινομένηφι","translation":"At the showing of dawn the heralds cried aloud","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l685.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κήρυκες","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐλίγαινον","gloss":"heralds"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐλίγαινον","lemma":"λιγαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cried aloud"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ἠοῖ","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἅμ̓","gloss":"dawn"},{"surface":"φαινομένηφι","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative plural feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"appearing"}]},{"number":686,"label":"686","id":"b11-l686","source":"τοὺς ἴμεν οἷσι χρεῖος ὀφείλετʼ ἐν Ἤλιδι δίῃ·","translation":"that those to whom a debt was owed in holy Elis should come.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l686.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"χρεῖος ὀφείλετʼ","title":"A debt was owed","body":"χρεῖος with ὀφείλετο describes an outstanding obligation or property claim. The Pylians divide the captured wealth among those whom the Epeians had wronged."}],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἴμεν","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"ἴμεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐλίγαινον","gloss":"to come"},{"surface":"οἷσι","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὀφείλετ̓","gloss":"to whom"},{"surface":"χρεῖος","lemma":"χρέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ὀφείλετ̓","gloss":"debt"},{"surface":"ὀφείλετ","lemma":"ὀφείλω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τοὺς","gloss":"was owed"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Ἤλιδι","lemma":"Ἦλις","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"Elis"},{"surface":"δίῃ","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἤλιδι","gloss":"holy"}]},{"number":687,"label":"687","id":"b11-l687","source":"οἳ δὲ συναγρόμενοι Πυλίων ἡγήτορες ἄνδρες","translation":"The men who were leaders of the Pylians gathered","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l687.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"συναγρόμενοι","lemma":"συναγείρω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to δαίτρευον","gloss":"gathering together"},{"surface":"Πυλίων","lemma":"Πύλιος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἡγήτορες","gloss":"of the Pylians"},{"surface":"ἡγήτορες","lemma":"ἡγήτωρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄνδρες","gloss":"leaders"},{"surface":"ἄνδρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":688,"label":"688","id":"b11-l688","source":"δαίτρευον· πολέσιν γὰρ Ἐπειοὶ χρεῖος ὄφειλον,","translation":"and made the division, for the Epeians owed debts to many,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l688.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δαίτρευον","lemma":"δαιτρεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they divided"},{"surface":"πολέσιν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ὄφειλον","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Ἐπειοὶ","lemma":"Ἐπειός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ὄφειλον","gloss":"Epeians"},{"surface":"χρεῖος","lemma":"χρέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὄφειλον","gloss":"debt"},{"surface":"ὄφειλον","lemma":"ὀφείλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"owed"}]},{"number":689,"label":"689","id":"b11-l689","source":"ὡς ἡμεῖς παῦροι κεκακωμένοι ἐν Πύλῳ ἦμεν·","translation":"since we were few in Pylos and had suffered harm.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l689.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ἡμεῖς","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦμεν","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"παῦροι","lemma":"παῦρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"few"},{"surface":"κεκακωμένοι","lemma":"κακόω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦμεν","gloss":"harmed"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Πύλῳ","lemma":"Πύλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"Pylos"},{"surface":"ἦμεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"were"}]},{"number":690,"label":"690","id":"b11-l690","source":"ἐλθὼν γάρ ῥʼ ἐκάκωσε βίη Ἡρακληείη","translation":"For the might of Heracles had come in former years","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l690.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐλθὼν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐκάκωσε","gloss":"having come"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐκάκωσε","lemma":"κακόω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"harmed"},{"surface":"βίη","lemma":"βία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐκάκωσε","gloss":"might"},{"surface":"Ἡρακληείη","lemma":"Ἡράκλειος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies βίη","gloss":"of Heracles"}]},{"number":691,"label":"691","id":"b11-l691","source":"τῶν προτέρων ἐτέων, κατὰ δʼ ἔκταθεν ὅσσοι ἄριστοι·","translation":"and ravaged us, and all our best men had been killed.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l691.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural neuter article","role":"modifies ἐτέων","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"προτέρων","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἐτέων","gloss":"former"},{"surface":"ἐτέων","lemma":"ἔτος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκάκωσε","gloss":"years"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔκταθεν","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"ὅσσοι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"all who"},{"surface":"ἄριστοι","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"best"}]},{"number":692,"label":"692","id":"b11-l692","source":"δώδεκα γὰρ Νηλῆος ἀμύμονος υἱέες ἦμεν·","translation":"For we were twelve sons of blameless Neleus;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l692.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δώδεκα","lemma":"δώδεκα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies υἱέες","gloss":"twelve"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Νηλῆος","lemma":"Νηλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱέες","gloss":"of Neleus"},{"surface":"ἀμύμονος","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"genitive singular adjective","role":"modifies Νηλῆος","gloss":"blameless"},{"surface":"υἱέες","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦμεν","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"ἦμεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were"}]},{"number":693,"label":"693","id":"b11-l693","source":"τῶν οἶος λιπόμην, οἳ δʼ ἄλλοι πάντες ὄλοντο.","translation":"I alone was left, and all the others perished.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l693.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies οἶος","gloss":"of these"},{"surface":"οἶος","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"λιπόμην","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was left"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἄλλοι","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ὄλοντο","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄλλοι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ὄλοντο","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"perished"}]},{"number":694,"label":"694","id":"b11-l694","source":"ταῦθʼ ὑπερηφανέοντες Ἐπειοὶ χαλκοχίτωνες","translation":"Proud of this, the bronze-clad Epeians","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l694.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ταῦθ","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ὑπερηφανέοντες","gloss":"over this"},{"surface":"ὑπερηφανέοντες","lemma":"ὑπερηφανέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifies μηχανόωντο","gloss":"being arrogant"},{"surface":"Ἐπειοὶ","lemma":"Ἐπειός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of μηχανόωντο","gloss":"Epeians"},{"surface":"χαλκοχίτωνες","lemma":"χαλκοχίτων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἐπειοὶ","gloss":"bronze-clad"}]},{"number":695,"label":"695","id":"b11-l695","source":"ἡμέας ὑβρίζοντες ἀτάσθαλα μηχανόωντο.","translation":"treated us with outrage and plotted reckless deeds.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l695.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμέας","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὑβρίζοντες","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"ὑβρίζοντες","lemma":"ὑβρίζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to μηχανόωντο","gloss":"treating outrageously"},{"surface":"ἀτάσθαλα","lemma":"ἀτάσθαλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μηχανόωντο","gloss":"reckless deeds"},{"surface":"μηχανόωντο","lemma":"μηχανάομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"plotted"}]},{"number":696,"label":"696","id":"b11-l696","source":"ἐκ δʼ ὃ γέρων ἀγέλην τε βοῶν καὶ πῶϋ μέγʼ οἰῶν","translation":"From the spoil the old man chose a herd of cattle and a great flock of sheep,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l696.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies γέρων","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἵλετο","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"ἀγέλην","lemma":"ἀγέλη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"a herd"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βοῶν","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies ἀγέλην","gloss":"cattle"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πῶϋ","lemma":"πῶυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"flock"},{"surface":"μέγ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πῶϋ","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"οἰῶν","lemma":"ὄις","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies πῶϋ","gloss":"of sheep"}]},{"number":697,"label":"697","id":"b11-l697","source":"εἵλετο κρινάμενος τριηκόσιʼ ἠδὲ νομῆας.","translation":"three hundred head when counted, and their herdsmen too.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l697.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἵλετο","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"κρινάμενος","lemma":"κρίνω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἵλετο","gloss":"having chosen"},{"surface":"τριηκόσι","lemma":"τριακόσιοι","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"three hundred"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νομῆας","lemma":"νομεύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"herdsmen"}]},{"number":698,"label":"698","id":"b11-l698","source":"καὶ γὰρ τῷ χρεῖος μέγʼ ὀφείλετʼ ἐν Ἤλιδι δίῃ","translation":"For a great debt was owed to him in holy Elis as well:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l698.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὀφείλετ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"χρεῖος","lemma":"χρέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"debt"},{"surface":"μέγ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies χρεῖος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ὀφείλετ","lemma":"ὀφείλω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was owed"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Ἤλιδι","lemma":"Ἦλις","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"Elis"},{"surface":"δίῃ","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἤλιδι","gloss":"holy"}]},{"number":699,"label":"699","id":"b11-l699","source":"τέσσαρες ἀθλοφόροι ἵπποι αὐτοῖσιν ὄχεσφιν","translation":"four prize-winning horses with their own chariots","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l699.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τέσσαρες","lemma":"τέσσαρες","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"four"},{"surface":"ἀθλοφόροι","lemma":"ἀθλοφόρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"prize-winning"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"αὐτοῖσιν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὄχεσφιν","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"ὄχεσφιν","lemma":"ὄχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐλθόντες","gloss":"chariots"}]},{"number":700,"label":"700","id":"b11-l700","source":"ἐλθόντες μετʼ ἄεθλα· περὶ τρίποδος γὰρ ἔμελλον","translation":"had gone to the games, for they were to run","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l700.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐλθόντες","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"having gone"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἄεθλα","lemma":"ἆθλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to μετ̓","gloss":"the games"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τρίποδος","lemma":"τρίπους","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"a tripod"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔμελλον","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were to"}]},{"number":701,"label":"701","id":"b11-l701","source":"θεύσεσθαι· τοὺς δʼ αὖθι ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Αὐγείας","translation":"for a tripod; but Augeas, lord of men, held them there","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l701.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θεύσεσθαι","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ἔμελλον","gloss":"to run"},{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of κάσχεθε","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αὖθι","lemma":"αὖθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of κάσχεθε","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Αὐγείας","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄναξ","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"Αὐγείας","lemma":"Αὐγείας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"Augeas"}]},{"number":702,"label":"702","id":"b11-l702","source":"κάσχεθε, τὸν δʼ ἐλατῆρʼ ἀφίει ἀκαχήμενον ἵππων.","translation":"and sent away the driver, grieving for the horses.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l702.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κάσχεθε","lemma":"κατασχεθεῖν","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held back"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies ἐλατῆῤ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐλατῆρ","lemma":"ἐλατήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀφίει","gloss":"driver"},{"surface":"ἀφίει","lemma":"ἀφίημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent away"},{"surface":"ἀκαχήμενον","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"perfect passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"grieving"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀκαχήμενον","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":703,"label":"703","id":"b11-l703","source":"τῶν ὃ γέρων ἐπέων κεχολωμένος ἠδὲ καὶ ἔργων","translation":"Angered by those words and deeds, the old man","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l703.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural neuter article","role":"modifies ἐπέων","gloss":"of these"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies γέρων","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐξέλετ̓","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"ἐπέων","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"κεχολωμένος","lemma":"χολόω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐξέλετ̓","gloss":"angered"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔργων","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"of deeds"}]},{"number":704,"label":"704","id":"b11-l704","source":"ἐξέλετʼ ἄσπετα πολλά· τὰ δʼ ἄλλʼ ἐς δῆμον ἔδωκε","translation":"took an immense return; but the rest he gave to the people","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l704.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξέλετ","lemma":"ἐξαιρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"ἄσπετα","lemma":"ἄσπετος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐξέλετ̓","gloss":"immense"},{"surface":"πολλά","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄσπετα","gloss":"many things"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter article","role":"modifies ἄλλ̓","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλ","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔδωκε","gloss":"the rest"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"δῆμον","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"ἔδωκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"}]},{"number":705,"label":"705","id":"b11-l705","source":"δαιτρεύειν, μή τίς οἱ ἀτεμβόμενος κίοι ἴσης.","translation":"to divide, so no man might go deprived of his fair share.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l705.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δαιτρεύειν","lemma":"δαιτρεύω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἔδωκε","gloss":"to divide"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κίοι","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κίοι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἀτεμβόμενος","lemma":"ἀτέμβω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being deprived"},{"surface":"κίοι","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μή","gloss":"might go"},{"surface":"ἴσης","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"fair share"}]},{"number":706,"label":"706","id":"b11-l706","source":"ἡμεῖς μὲν τὰ ἕκαστα διείπομεν, ἀμφί τε ἄστυ","translation":"We saw to each of these things, and throughout the town","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l706.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμεῖς","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of διείπομεν","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ἕκαστα","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τὰ","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"διείπομεν","lemma":"διεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"saw to"},{"surface":"ἀμφί","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφί","gloss":"city"}]},{"number":707,"label":"707","id":"b11-l707","source":"ἕρδομεν ἱρὰ θεοῖς· οἳ δὲ τρίτῳ ἤματι πάντες","translation":"offered sacrifice to the gods. But on the third day they all","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l707.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕρδομεν","lemma":"ἔρδω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we offered"},{"surface":"ἱρὰ","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἕρδομεν","gloss":"sacrifices"},{"surface":"θεοῖς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἕρδομεν","gloss":"to gods"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τρίτῳ","lemma":"τρίτος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἤματι","gloss":"third"},{"surface":"ἤματι","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἦλθον","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἳ","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":708,"label":"708","id":"b11-l708","source":"ἦλθον ὁμῶς αὐτοί τε πολεῖς καὶ μώνυχες ἵπποι","translation":"came together, many men and single-hoofed horses,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l708.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦλθον","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ὁμῶς","lemma":"ὁμῶς","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"αὐτοί","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πολεῖς","lemma":"πολεῖς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies αὐτοί","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μώνυχες","lemma":"μω~νυξ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"single-hoofed"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":709,"label":"709","id":"b11-l709","source":"πανσυδίῃ· μετὰ δέ σφι Μολίονε θωρήσσοντο","translation":"in full force; and among them the two Moliones armed,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l709.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Μολίονε θωρήσσοντο","title":"The Moliones as a pair","body":"Μολίονε is dual, naming the paired Moliones, and the sentence continues to describe both as still young. These twins must not be confused with Molion, the single attendant killed earlier in Book 11."}],"words":[{"surface":"πανσυδίῃ","lemma":"πανσυδίῃ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦλθον","gloss":"in full force"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφι","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"Μολίονε","lemma":"Μολίων","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject of θωρήσσοντο","gloss":"Moliones"},{"surface":"θωρήσσοντο","lemma":"θωρήσσω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"armed"}]},{"number":710,"label":"710","id":"b11-l710","source":"παῖδʼ ἔτʼ ἐόντʼ, οὔ πω μάλα εἰδότε θούριδος ἀλκῆς.","translation":"still boys, not yet well skilled in furious valor.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l710.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παῖδ","lemma":"παι~ς","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"boys"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐόντ̓","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"ἐόντ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πω","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰδότε","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"εἰδότε","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"versed"},{"surface":"θούριδος","lemma":"θου~ρις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλκῆς","gloss":"furious"},{"surface":"ἀλκῆς","lemma":"ἀλκή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰδότε","gloss":"valor"}]},{"number":711,"label":"711","id":"b11-l711","source":"ἔστι δέ τις Θρυόεσσα πόλις αἰπεῖα κολώνη","translation":"There is a city called Thryoessa, a steep hill","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l711.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there is"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies πόλις","gloss":"a certain"},{"surface":"Θρυόεσσα","lemma":"θρυόεσσα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies πόλις","gloss":"Thryoessa"},{"surface":"πόλις","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"αἰπεῖα","lemma":"αἰπύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κολώνη","gloss":"steep"},{"surface":"κολώνη","lemma":"κολώνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"hill"}]},{"number":712,"label":"712","id":"b11-l712","source":"τηλοῦ ἐπʼ Ἀλφειῷ, νεάτη Πύλου ἠμαθόεντος·","translation":"far off beside the Alpheus, at the edge of sandy Pylos.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l712.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τηλοῦ","lemma":"τηλοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔστι","gloss":"far off"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"Ἀλφειῷ","lemma":"Ἀλφειός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπ̓","gloss":"the Alpheus"},{"surface":"νεάτη","lemma":"νέατος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"at the edge"},{"surface":"Πύλου","lemma":"Πύλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies νεάτη","gloss":"Pylos"},{"surface":"ἠμαθόεντος","lemma":"ἠμαθόεις","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πύλου","gloss":"sandy"}]},{"number":713,"label":"713","id":"b11-l713","source":"τὴν ἀμφεστρατόωντο διαρραῖσαι μεμαῶτες.","translation":"They camped around it, eager to tear it down.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l713.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἀμφεστρατόωντο","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ἀμφεστρατόωντο","lemma":"ἀμφιστρατάομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they camped around"},{"surface":"διαρραῖσαι","lemma":"διαρραίω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of μεμαῶτες","gloss":"to tear down"},{"surface":"μεμαῶτες","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀμφεστρατόωντο","gloss":"eager"}]},{"number":714,"label":"714","id":"b11-l714","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε πᾶν πεδίον μετεκίαθον, ἄμμι δʼ Ἀθήνη","translation":"But when they had crossed the whole plain, Athena came to us,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l714.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"πᾶν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πεδίον","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"πεδίον","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of μετεκίαθον","gloss":"plain"},{"surface":"μετεκίαθον","lemma":"μετακιάθω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"they crossed"},{"surface":"ἄμμι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦλθε","gloss":"to us"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":715,"label":"715","id":"b11-l715","source":"ἄγγελος ἦλθε θέουσʼ ἀπʼ Ὀλύμπου θωρήσσεσθαι","translation":"a messenger speeding from Olympus, bidding us arm,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l715.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄγγελος","lemma":"ἄγγελος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"messenger"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"θέουσ","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"running"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Ὀλύμπου","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπ̓","gloss":"Olympus"},{"surface":"θωρήσσεσθαι","lemma":"θωρήσσω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"arm"}]},{"number":716,"label":"716","id":"b11-l716","source":"ἔννυχος, οὐδʼ ἀέκοντα Πύλον κάτα λαὸν ἄγειρεν","translation":"by night; and through Pylos she gathered no unwilling host,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l716.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔννυχος","lemma":"ἔννυχος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"by night"},{"surface":"ἀέκοντα","lemma":"ἀέκων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unwilling"},{"surface":"Πύλον","lemma":"Πύλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κάτα","gloss":"Pylos"},{"surface":"κάτα","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"λαὸν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄγειρεν","gloss":"host"},{"surface":"ἄγειρεν","lemma":"ἀγείρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gathered"}]},{"number":717,"label":"717","id":"b11-l717","source":"ἀλλὰ μάλʼ ἐσσυμένους πολεμίζειν. οὐδέ με Νηλεὺς","translation":"but men fiercely eager to fight. Yet Neleus would not","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l717.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ἐσσυμένους","lemma":"ἐσσύμενος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"fiercely eager"},{"surface":"πολεμίζειν","lemma":"πολεμίζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐσσυμένους","gloss":"to fight"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of θωρήσσεσθαι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"Νηλεὺς","lemma":"Νηλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δέ","gloss":"Neleus"}]},{"number":718,"label":"718","id":"b11-l718","source":"εἴα θωρήσσεσθαι, ἀπέκρυψεν δέ μοι ἵππους·","translation":"let me arm, and he hid my horses from me,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l718.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴα","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would let"},{"surface":"θωρήσσεσθαι","lemma":"θωρήσσω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of εἴα","gloss":"arm"},{"surface":"ἀπέκρυψεν","lemma":"ἀποκρύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he hid"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπέκρυψεν","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπέκρυψεν","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":719,"label":"719","id":"b11-l719","source":"οὐ γάρ πώ τί μʼ ἔφη ἴδμεν πολεμήϊα ἔργα.","translation":"for he said I knew nothing yet of the works of war.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l719.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πώ","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔφη","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἴδμεν","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἔφη","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he said"},{"surface":"ἴδμεν","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active infinitive","role":"object of ἔφη","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"πολεμήϊα","lemma":"πολεμήιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"of war"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἴδμεν","gloss":"deeds"}]},{"number":720,"label":"720","id":"b11-l720","source":"ἀλλὰ καὶ ὧς ἱππεῦσι μετέπρεπον ἡμετέροισι","translation":"Even so, I stood out among our chariot-fighters,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l720.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὧς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μετέπρεπον","gloss":"even so"},{"surface":"ἱππεῦσι","lemma":"ἱππεύς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μετέπρεπον","gloss":"among the 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nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μετέπρεπον","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"ὧς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄγε","gloss":"even so"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"νεῖκος","lemma":"νεῖκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἄγε","gloss":"the strife"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἄγε","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":722,"label":"722","id":"b11-l722","source":"ἔστι δέ τις ποταμὸς Μινυήϊος εἰς ἅλα βάλλων","translation":"There is a river, the Minyeius, flowing into the sea","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l722.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there is"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ποταμὸς","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ποταμὸς","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔστι","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"Μινυήϊος","lemma":"Μινύειος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποταμὸς","gloss":"Minyeius"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἅλα","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"βάλλων","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies ποταμὸς","gloss":"flowing"}]},{"number":723,"label":"723","id":"b11-l723","source":"ἐγγύθεν Ἀρήνης, ὅθι μείναμεν Ἠῶ δῖαν","translation":"near Arene; there we Pylian chariot-fighters waited for shining Dawn,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l723.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐγγύθεν","lemma":"ἐγγύθεν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"Ἀρήνης","lemma":"Ἀρήνη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐγγύθεν","gloss":"Arene"},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μείναμεν","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"μείναμεν","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ποταμὸς","gloss":"we waited"},{"surface":"Ἠῶ","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of μείναμεν","gloss":"Dawn"},{"surface":"δῖαν","lemma":"δι~ος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἠῶ","gloss":"shining"}]},{"number":724,"label":"724","id":"b11-l724","source":"ἱππῆες Πυλίων, τὰ δʼ ἐπέρρεον ἔθνεα πεζῶν.","translation":"while the companies of footmen streamed after us.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l724.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἱππῆες","lemma":"ἱππεύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of μείναμεν","gloss":"horsemen"},{"surface":"Πυλίων","lemma":"Πύλιος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἱππῆες","gloss":"of the Pylians"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter article","role":"modifies ἔθνεα","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπέρρεον","lemma":"ἐπιρρέω","morphology":"imperfect active 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verb","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"ἱερὸν","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ῥόον","gloss":"holy"},{"surface":"ῥόον","lemma":"ῥόος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἱκόμεσθ̓","gloss":"stream"},{"surface":"Ἀλφειοῖο","lemma":"Ἀλφειός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ῥόον","gloss":"of the Alpheus"}]},{"number":727,"label":"727","id":"b11-l727","source":"ἔνθα Διὶ ῥέξαντες ὑπερμενεῖ ἱερὰ καλά,","translation":"There we made fair sacrifices to the exceedingly mighty Zeus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l727.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἑλόμεσθα","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"Διὶ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ῥέξαντες","gloss":"to 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particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀλφειῷ","lemma":"Ἀλφειός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"to Alpheus"},{"surface":"ταῦρον","lemma":"ταῦρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"a bull"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ποσειδάωνι","lemma":"Ποσειδεών","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"to Poseidon"}]},{"number":729,"label":"729","id":"b11-l729","source":"αὐτὰρ Ἀθηναίη γλαυκώπιδι βοῦν ἀγελαίην,","translation":"and a heifer from the herd to bright-eyed Athena.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l729.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"to Athena"},{"surface":"γλαυκώπιδι","lemma":"γλαυκω~πις","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀθηναίη","gloss":"bright-eyed"},{"surface":"βοῦν","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"a heifer"},{"surface":"ἀγελαίην","lemma":"ἀγελαῖος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies βοῦν","gloss":"from the herd"}]},{"number":730,"label":"730","id":"b11-l730","source":"δόρπον ἔπειθʼ ἑλόμεσθα κατὰ στρατὸν ἐν τελέεσσι,","translation":"Then we took supper throughout the host by companies,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l730.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δόρπον","lemma":"δόρπον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἑλόμεσθα","gloss":"supper"},{"surface":"ἔπειθ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to 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But the great-hearted Epeians","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l732.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"ῥοὰς","lemma":"ῥοή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"streams"},{"surface":"ποταμοῖο","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ῥοὰς","gloss":"of the river"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μεγάθυμοι","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἐπειοὶ","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"Ἐπειοὶ","lemma":"Ἐπειός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἀμφέσταν","gloss":"Epeians"}]},{"number":733,"label":"733","id":"b11-l733","source":"ἀμφέσταν δὴ ἄστυ διαρραῖσαι μεμαῶτες·","translation":"stood round the town, eager now to tear it down;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l733.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφέσταν","lemma":"ἀμφίστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they stood around"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of διαρραῖσαι","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"διαρραῖσαι","lemma":"διαρραίω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of μεμαῶτες","gloss":"to tear down"},{"surface":"μεμαῶτες","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀμφέσταν","gloss":"eager"}]},{"number":734,"label":"734","id":"b11-l734","source":"ἀλλά σφι προπάροιθε φάνη μέγα ἔργον Ἄρηος·","translation":"but before them a great work of Ares appeared.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l734.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σφι","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to προπάροιθε","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"προπάροιθε","lemma":"προπάροιθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"φάνη","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"appeared"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργον","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ἔργον","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of φάνη","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"Ἄρηος","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἔργον","gloss":"of Ares"}]},{"number":735,"label":"735","id":"b11-l735","source":"εὖτε γὰρ ἠέλιος φαέθων ὑπερέσχεθε γαίης,","translation":"For when the blazing sun rose above the earth,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l735.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὖτε","lemma":"εὖτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἠέλιος","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὑπερέσχεθε","gloss":"the sun"},{"surface":"φαέθων","lemma":"φαέθω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies ἠέλιος","gloss":"blazing"},{"surface":"ὑπερέσχεθε","lemma":"ὑπερέχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εὖτε","gloss":"rose above"},{"surface":"γαίης","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπερέσχεθε","gloss":"the earth"}]},{"number":736,"label":"736","id":"b11-l736","source":"συμφερόμεσθα μάχῃ Διί τʼ εὐχόμενοι καὶ Ἀθήνῃ.","translation":"we met in battle, praying to Zeus and Athena.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l736.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"συμφερόμεσθα","lemma":"συμφέρω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"clashed together"},{"surface":"μάχῃ","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of συμφερόμεσθα","gloss":"in battle"},{"surface":"Διί","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to Zeus"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὐχόμενοι","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to συμφερόμεσθα","gloss":"praying"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνῃ","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to Athena"}]},{"number":737,"label":"737","id":"b11-l737","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ Πυλίων καὶ Ἐπειῶν ἔπλετο νεῖκος,","translation":"But when the strife of Pylians and Epeians began,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l737.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Πυλίων","lemma":"Πύλιος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of the Pylians"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἐπειῶν","lemma":"Ἐπειός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"Epeians"},{"surface":"ἔπλετο","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"νεῖκος","lemma":"νεῖκος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔπλετο","gloss":"strife"}]},{"number":738,"label":"738","id":"b11-l738","source":"πρῶτος ἐγὼν ἕλον ἄνδρα, κόμισσα δὲ μώνυχας ἵππους,","translation":"I was first to take a man, and I carried off his single-hoofed horses:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l738.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρῶτος","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕλον","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἕλον","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"κόμισσα","lemma":"κομίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried off"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μώνυχας","lemma":"μω~νυξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"single-hoofed"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κόμισσα","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":739,"label":"739","id":"b11-l739","source":"Μούλιον αἰχμητήν· γαμβρὸς δʼ ἦν Αὐγείαο,","translation":"Mulius the spearman, who was Augeas' son-in-law,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l739.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μούλιον","lemma":"Μούλιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"Mulius"},{"surface":"αἰχμητήν","lemma":"αἰχμητής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Μούλιον","gloss":"spearman"},{"surface":"γαμβρὸς","lemma":"γαμβρός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"son-in-law"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἦν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"Αὐγείαο","lemma":"Αὐγείας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies γαμβρὸς","gloss":"of Augeas"}]},{"number":740,"label":"740","id":"b11-l740","source":"πρεσβυτάτην δὲ θύγατρʼ εἶχε ξανθὴν Ἀγαμήδην,","translation":"for he had his eldest daughter, golden-haired Agamede,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l740.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρεσβυτάτην","lemma":"πρέσβυς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies θύγατῤ","gloss":"eldest"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θύγατρ","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"εἶχε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had as wife"},{"surface":"ξανθὴν","lemma":"ξανθός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀγαμήδην","gloss":"fair-haired"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμήδην","lemma":"Ἀγαμήδη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Agamede"}]},{"number":741,"label":"741","id":"b11-l741","source":"ἣ τόσα φάρμακα ᾔδη ὅσα τρέφει εὐρεῖα χθών.","translation":"who knew all the healing drugs the broad earth nourishes.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l741.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"τόσα φάρμακα ᾔδη","title":"Agamede's knowledge","body":"φάρμακα can include medicines, herbs, and potent drugs rather than only modern pharmaceutical remedies. Agamede knows the full range of such substances nourished by the earth."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ᾔδη","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τόσα","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies φάρμακα","gloss":"so many"},{"surface":"φάρμακα","lemma":"φάρμακον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ᾔδη","gloss":"drugs"},{"surface":"ᾔδη","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"ὅσα","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of τρέφει","gloss":"as many as"},{"surface":"τρέφει","lemma":"τρέφω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τόσα","gloss":"breeds"},{"surface":"εὐρεῖα","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χθών","gloss":"wide"},{"surface":"χθών","lemma":"χθών","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τρέφει","gloss":"earth"}]},{"number":742,"label":"742","id":"b11-l742","source":"τὸν μὲν ἐγὼ προσιόντα βάλον χαλκήρεϊ δουρί,","translation":"As he came on, I struck him with my bronze-shod spear,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l742.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of βάλον","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βάλον","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"προσιόντα","lemma":"πρόσειμι","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"approaching"},{"surface":"βάλον","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"χαλκήρεϊ","lemma":"χαλκήρης","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δουρί","gloss":"bronze-fitted"},{"surface":"δουρί","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to βάλον","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":743,"label":"743","id":"b11-l743","source":"ἤριπε δʼ ἐν κονίῃσιν· ἐγὼ δʼ ἐς δίφρον ὀρούσας","translation":"and he fell in the dust; then I sprang into his chariot","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l743.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤριπε","lemma":"ἐρείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κονίῃσιν","lemma":"κονία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"the dust"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of στῆν","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"δίφρον","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"ὀρούσας","lemma":"ὀρούω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to στῆν","gloss":"having sprung"}]},{"number":744,"label":"744","id":"b11-l744","source":"στῆν ῥα μετὰ προμάχοισιν· ἀτὰρ μεγάθυμοι Ἐπειοὶ","translation":"and took my stand among the foremost. The great-hearted Epeians","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l744.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took my stand"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"προμάχοισιν","lemma":"πρόμαχος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"foremost fighters"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μεγάθυμοι","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἐπειοὶ","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"Ἐπειοὶ","lemma":"Ἐπειός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἔτρεσαν","gloss":"Epeians"}]},{"number":745,"label":"745","id":"b11-l745","source":"ἔτρεσαν ἄλλυδις ἄλλος, ἐπεὶ ἴδον ἄνδρα πεσόντα","translation":"fled, one man one way, one another, when they saw their man fallen,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l745.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔτρεσαν","lemma":"τρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fled"},{"surface":"ἄλλυδις","lemma":"ἄλλυδις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄλλος","gloss":"in every direction"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"ἴδον","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"they saw"},{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"πεσόντα","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"fallen"}]},{"number":746,"label":"746","id":"b11-l746","source":"ἡγεμόνʼ ἱππήων, ὃς ἀριστεύεσκε μάχεσθαι.","translation":"the leader of the horsemen, who had excelled in battle.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l746.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡγεμόν","lemma":"ἡγεμών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"leader"},{"surface":"ἱππήων","lemma":"ἱππεύς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἡγεμόν̓","gloss":"horsemen"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀριστεύεσκε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ἀριστεύεσκε","lemma":"ἀριστεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"was ever foremost"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἀριστεύεσκε","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":747,"label":"747","id":"b11-l747","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐγὼν ἐπόρουσα κελαινῇ λαίλαπι ἶσος,","translation":"But I swept upon them like a black whirlwind,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l747.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπόρουσα","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἐπόρουσα","lemma":"ἐπορούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"swept upon"},{"surface":"κελαινῇ","lemma":"κελαινός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies λαίλαπι","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"λαίλαπι","lemma":"λαῖλαψ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἶσος","gloss":"storm-blast"},{"surface":"ἶσος","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"like"}]},{"number":748,"label":"748","id":"b11-l748","source":"πεντήκοντα δʼ ἕλον δίφρους, δύο δʼ ἀμφὶς ἕκαστον","translation":"and took fifty chariots; beside each one, two","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l748.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πεντήκοντα","lemma":"πεντήκοντα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies δίφρους","gloss":"fifty"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕλον","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"δίφρους","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἕλον","gloss":"chariots"},{"surface":"δύο","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies φῶτες","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶς","lemma":"ἀμφίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"ἕκαστον","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶς","gloss":"each one"}]},{"number":749,"label":"749","id":"b11-l749","source":"φῶτες ὀδὰξ ἕλον οὖδας ἐμῷ ὑπὸ δουρὶ δαμέντες.","translation":"men bit the ground, broken beneath my spear.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l749.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φῶτες","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕλον","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ὀδὰξ","lemma":"ὀδάξ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕλον","gloss":"with their teeth"},{"surface":"ἕλον","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bit"},{"surface":"οὖδας","lemma":"οὖδας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἕλον","gloss":"the ground"},{"surface":"ἐμῷ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δουρὶ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"δαμέντες","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕλον","gloss":"broken"}]},{"number":750,"label":"750","id":"b11-l750","source":"καί νύ κεν Ἀκτορίωνε Μολίονε παῖδʼ ἀλάπαξα,","translation":"And then I would have destroyed the two Actoriones, the Moliones,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l750.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Ἀκτορίωνε Μολίονε","title":"Two names for the twins","body":"Both Ἀκτορίωνε and Μολίονε are dual forms, naming the same pair as Actoriones and Moliones. The patronymic is conventional, while the next line identifies Poseidon as their actual father."}],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would have"},{"surface":"Ἀκτορίωνε","lemma":"Ἀκτορίων","morphology":"accusative dual masculine noun","role":"modifies Μολίονε","gloss":"sons of Actor"},{"surface":"Μολίονε","lemma":"Μολίων","morphology":"accusative dual masculine noun","role":"object of ἀλάπαξα","gloss":"Moliones"},{"surface":"παῖδ","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"accusative dual masculine noun","role":"modifies Μολίονε","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"ἀλάπαξα","lemma":"ἀλαπάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would have destroyed"}]},{"number":751,"label":"751","id":"b11-l751","source":"εἰ μή σφωε πατὴρ εὐρὺ κρείων ἐνοσίχθων","translation":"had not their father, the wide-ruling shaker of the earth,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l751.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"σφωε","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"accusative dual masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐσάωσε","gloss":"them both"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"εὐρὺ","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"wide"},{"surface":"κρείων","lemma":"κρείων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐνοσίχθων","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ἐνοσίχθων","lemma":"Ἐνοσίχθων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Earth-shaker"}]},{"number":752,"label":"752","id":"b11-l752","source":"ἐκ πολέμου ἐσάωσε καλύψας ἠέρι πολλῇ.","translation":"saved the two from battle, wrapping them in thick mist.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l752.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πολέμου","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"ἐσάωσε","lemma":"σώζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"saved"},{"surface":"καλύψας","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐσάωσε","gloss":"having wrapped"},{"surface":"ἠέρι","lemma":"ἀήρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καλύψας","gloss":"in mist"},{"surface":"πολλῇ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἠέρι","gloss":"thick"}]},{"number":753,"label":"753","id":"b11-l753","source":"ἔνθα Ζεὺς Πυλίοισι μέγα κράτος ἐγγυάλιξε·","translation":"Then Zeus placed great strength in the hands of the Pylians;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l753.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐγγυάλιξε","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐγγυάλιξε","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"Πυλίοισι","lemma":"Πύλιος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐγγυάλιξε","gloss":"the Pylians"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κράτος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"κράτος","lemma":"κράτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐγγυάλιξε","gloss":"power"},{"surface":"ἐγγυάλιξε","lemma":"ἐγγυαλίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"entrusted"}]},{"number":754,"label":"754","id":"b11-l754","source":"τόφρα γὰρ οὖν ἑπόμεσθα διὰ σπιδέος πεδίοιο","translation":"for so long we followed them across the broad plain,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l754.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόφρα","lemma":"τόφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἑπόμεσθα","gloss":"so long"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἑπόμεσθα","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"σπιδέος","lemma":"σπιδής","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πεδίοιο","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"πεδίοιο","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to διὰ","gloss":"the plain"}]},{"number":755,"label":"755","id":"b11-l755","source":"κτείνοντές τʼ αὐτοὺς ἀνά τʼ ἔντεα καλὰ λέγοντες,","translation":"killing the men themselves and gathering their fine armor,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l755.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κτείνοντές","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to τ̓","gloss":"killing"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτοὺς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of κτείνοντές","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ἀνά","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔντεα","lemma":"ἔντεα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of λέγοντες","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"καλὰ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔντεα","gloss":"fair"},{"surface":"λέγοντες","lemma":"λέγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to τ̓","gloss":"gathering"}]},{"number":756,"label":"756","id":"b11-l756","source":"ὄφρʼ ἐπὶ Βουπρασίου πολυπύρου βήσαμεν ἵππους","translation":"until we drove our horses to wheat-rich Buprasium","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l756.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Βουπρασίου","lemma":"Βουπρασίον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Buprasium"},{"surface":"πολυπύρου","lemma":"πολύπυρος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies Βουπρασίου","gloss":"wheat-rich"},{"surface":"βήσαμεν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφῤ","gloss":"we drove"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of βήσαμεν","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":757,"label":"757","id":"b11-l757","source":"πέτρης τʼ Ὠλενίης, καὶ Ἀλησίου ἔνθα κολώνη","translation":"and the Olenian Rock, and to the place where the hill of Alesium","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l757.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πέτρης","lemma":"πέτρα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"rock"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὠλενίης","lemma":"Ὠλενίη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies πέτρης","gloss":"Olenian"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀλησίου","lemma":"Ἀλησίον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies κολώνη","gloss":"of Alesium"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κέκληται","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"κολώνη","lemma":"κολώνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of κέκληται","gloss":"mound"}]},{"number":758,"label":"758","id":"b11-l758","source":"κέκληται· ὅθεν αὖτις ἀπέτραπε λαὸν Ἀθήνη.","translation":"is called; from there Athena turned the host back again.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l758.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κέκληται","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"is called"},{"surface":"ὅθεν","lemma":"ὅθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἀπέτραπε","gloss":"whence"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπέτραπε","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἀπέτραπε","lemma":"ἀποτρέπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a subordinate clause","gloss":"turned back"},{"surface":"λαὸν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπέτραπε","gloss":"host"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀπέτραπε","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":759,"label":"759","id":"b11-l759","source":"ἔνθʼ ἄνδρα κτείνας πύματον λίπον· αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"There I killed the last man and left him; but the Achaeans","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l759.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λίπον","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λίπον","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"κτείνας","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to λίπον","gloss":"having killed"},{"surface":"πύματον","lemma":"πύματος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"the last"},{"surface":"λίπον","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I left"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἔχον","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":760,"label":"760","id":"b11-l760","source":"ἂψ ἀπὸ Βουπρασίοιο Πύλονδʼ ἔχον ὠκέας ἵππους,","translation":"drove their swift horses back from Buprasium toward Pylos,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l760.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχον","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Βουπρασίοιο","lemma":"Βουπρασίον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"Buprasium"},{"surface":"Πύλονδ","lemma":"Πυλόνδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἔχον","gloss":"to Pylos"},{"surface":"ἔχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove"},{"surface":"ὠκέας","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχον","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":761,"label":"761","id":"b11-l761","source":"πάντες δʼ εὐχετόωντο θεῶν Διὶ Νέστορί τʼ ἀνδρῶν.","translation":"and all gave glory among the gods to Zeus, among men to Nestor.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l761.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"θεῶν Διὶ Νέστορί τʼ ἀνδρῶν","title":"Zeus among gods, Nestor among men","body":"The paired genitives divide the praise cleanly: Zeus receives glory among the gods, Nestor among mortal men. The compressed balance crowns Nestor's recollection of the victory."}],"words":[{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of εὐχετόωντο","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὐχετόωντο","lemma":"εὐχετάομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave glory"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies Διὶ","gloss":"among the gods"},{"surface":"Διὶ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"to Zeus"},{"surface":"Νέστορί","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"to Nestor"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies Νέστορί","gloss":"among men"}]},{"number":762,"label":"762","id":"b11-l762","source":"ὣς ἔον, εἴ ποτʼ ἔον γε, μετʼ ἀνδράσιν. αὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς","translation":"Such was I among men, if ever I was. But Achilles","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l762.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔον","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔον","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I was"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"ἔον","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"I was"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἀνδράσιν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μετ̓","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπονήσεται","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":763,"label":"763","id":"b11-l763","source":"οἶος τῆς ἀρετῆς ἀπονήσεται· ἦ τέ μιν οἴω","translation":"alone will reap the profit of his valor; yet I think","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l763.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"τῆς ἀρετῆς ἀπονήσεται","title":"The profit of valor","body":"ἀρετή is excellence or prowess, here Achilles' strength in war. Nestor bitterly says Achilles will enjoy its benefit alone while the wider host is destroyed."}],"words":[{"surface":"οἶος","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"τῆς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine article","role":"modifies ἀρετῆς","gloss":"of his"},{"surface":"ἀρετῆς","lemma":"ἀρετή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπονήσεται","gloss":"valor"},{"surface":"ἀπονήσεται","lemma":"ἀπονίναμαι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will reap profit"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μετακλαύσεσθαι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"οἴω","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I think"}]},{"number":764,"label":"764","id":"b11-l764","source":"πολλὰ μετακλαύσεσθαι ἐπεί κʼ ἀπὸ λαὸς ὄληται.","translation":"he will weep bitterly afterward, when the army has perished.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l764.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to μετακλαύσεσθαι","gloss":"bitterly"},{"surface":"μετακλαύσεσθαι","lemma":"μετακλαίω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of οἴω","gloss":"grieve afterward"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"λαὸς","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὄληται","gloss":"army"},{"surface":"ὄληται","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"shall perish"}]},{"number":765,"label":"765","id":"b11-l765","source":"ὦ πέπον ἦ μὲν σοί γε Μενοίτιος ὧδʼ ἐπέτελλεν","translation":"My friend, this is what Menoetius charged you,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l765.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"πέπον","lemma":"πέπων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friend"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σοί","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐπέτελλεν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Μενοίτιος","lemma":"Μενοίτιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπέτελλεν","gloss":"Menoetius"},{"surface":"ὧδ","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπέτελλεν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἐπέτελλεν","lemma":"ἐπιτέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"laid commands"}]},{"number":766,"label":"766","id":"b11-l766","source":"ἤματι τῷ ὅτε σʼ ἐκ Φθίης Ἀγαμέμνονι πέμπε,","translation":"on the day when he sent you from Phthia to Agamemnon:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l766.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤματι","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπέτελλεν","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular neuter article","role":"modifies ἤματι","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of πέμπε","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Φθίης","lemma":"Φθία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"Phthia"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνονι","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πέμπε","gloss":"to Agamemnon"},{"surface":"πέμπε","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ὅτε","gloss":"he sent"}]},{"number":767,"label":"767","id":"b11-l767","source":"νῶϊ δέ τʼ ἔνδον ἐόντες ἐγὼ καὶ δῖος Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"we two, godlike Odysseus and I, were inside","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l767.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῶϊ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"we two"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔνδον","lemma":"ἔνδον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐόντες","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"ἐόντες","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἠκούομεν","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεὺς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":768,"label":"768","id":"b11-l768","source":"πάντα μάλʼ ἐν μεγάροις ἠκούομεν ὡς ἐπέτελλε.","translation":"and heard clearly in the halls all that he charged you.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l768.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἠκούομεν","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"clearly"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροις","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"ἠκούομεν","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we heard"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"adverbial to ἐπέτελλε","gloss":"all that"},{"surface":"ἐπέτελλε","lemma":"ἐπιτέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἠκούομεν","gloss":"gave charge"}]},{"number":769,"label":"769","id":"b11-l769","source":"Πηλῆος δʼ ἱκόμεσθα δόμους εὖ ναιετάοντας","translation":"We had come to the well-inhabited house of Peleus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l769.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πηλῆος","lemma":"Πηλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δόμους","gloss":"of Peleus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱκόμεσθα","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we came"},{"surface":"δόμους","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἱκόμεσθα","gloss":"the house"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ναιετάοντας","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"ναιετάοντας","lemma":"ναιετάω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifies δόμους","gloss":"inhabited"}]},{"number":770,"label":"770","id":"b11-l770","source":"λαὸν ἀγείροντες κατʼ Ἀχαιΐδα πουλυβότειραν.","translation":"gathering the army through all rich-pastured Achaea.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l770.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λαὸν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀγείροντες","gloss":"host"},{"surface":"ἀγείροντες","lemma":"ἀγείρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἱκόμεσθα","gloss":"gathering"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιΐδα","lemma":"Ἀχαιίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κατ̓","gloss":"Achaea"},{"surface":"πουλυβότειραν","lemma":"πουλυβότειρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιΐδα","gloss":"rich-pastured"}]},{"number":771,"label":"771","id":"b11-l771","source":"ἔνθα δʼ ἔπειθʼ ἥρωα Μενοίτιον εὕρομεν ἔνδον","translation":"There inside we found the hero Menoetius,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l771.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εὕρομεν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειθ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εὕρομεν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἥρωα","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Μενοίτιον","gloss":"hero"},{"surface":"Μενοίτιον","lemma":"Μενοίτιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"Menoetius"},{"surface":"εὕρομεν","lemma":"εὑρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"ἔνδον","lemma":"ἔνδον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εὕρομεν","gloss":"inside"}]},{"number":772,"label":"772","id":"b11-l772","source":"ἠδὲ σέ, πὰρ δʼ Ἀχιλῆα· γέρων δʼ ἱππηλάτα Πηλεὺς","translation":"and you, with Achilles beside you; and old Peleus the horseman","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l772.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σέ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆα","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πηλεὺς","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱππηλάτα","lemma":"ἱππηλάτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πηλεὺς","gloss":"horseman"},{"surface":"Πηλεὺς","lemma":"Πηλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καῖε","gloss":"Peleus"}]},{"number":773,"label":"773","id":"b11-l773","source":"πίονα μηρία καῖε βοὸς Διὶ τερπικεραύνῳ","translation":"was burning the fat thigh-pieces of an ox to Zeus who delights in thunder,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l773.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πίονα","lemma":"πίων","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μηρία","gloss":"fat"},{"surface":"μηρία","lemma":"μηρία","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καῖε","gloss":"thighs"},{"surface":"καῖε","lemma":"καίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"burned"},{"surface":"βοὸς","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"genitive singular noun","role":"modifies μηρία","gloss":"of an ox"},{"surface":"Διὶ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καῖε","gloss":"to Zeus"},{"surface":"τερπικεραύνῳ","lemma":"τερπικέραυνος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὶ","gloss":"who delights in thunder"}]},{"number":774,"label":"774","id":"b11-l774","source":"αὐλῆς ἐν χόρτῳ· ἔχε δὲ χρύσειον ἄλεισον","translation":"in the court's enclosure; and he held a golden cup,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l774.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐλῆς","lemma":"αὐλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies χόρτῳ","gloss":"of the court"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χόρτῳ","lemma":"χόρτος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"enclosure"},{"surface":"ἔχε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χρύσειον","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄλεισον","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"ἄλεισον","lemma":"ἄλεισον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχε","gloss":"cup"}]},{"number":775,"label":"775","id":"b11-l775","source":"σπένδων αἴθοπα οἶνον ἐπʼ αἰθομένοις ἱεροῖσι.","translation":"pouring gleaming wine over the burning offerings.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l775.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σπένδων","lemma":"σπένδω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔχε","gloss":"pouring"},{"surface":"αἴθοπα","lemma":"αἶθοψ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἶνον","gloss":"sparkling"},{"surface":"οἶνον","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of σπένδων","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"αἰθομένοις","lemma":"αἴθω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative plural neuter","role":"modifies ἱεροῖσι","gloss":"blazing"},{"surface":"ἱεροῖσι","lemma":"ἱερόν","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"offerings"}]},{"number":776,"label":"776","id":"b11-l776","source":"σφῶϊ μὲν ἀμφὶ βοὸς ἕπετον κρέα, νῶϊ δʼ ἔπειτα","translation":"You two were busy with the ox's meat; then we two","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l776.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"σφῶϊ μὲν","title":"Two pairs in the dual","body":"Homer distinguishes two pairs with dual pronouns: σφῶϊ is Patroclus and Achilles tending the meat, while νῶϊ is Nestor and Odysseus arriving at the doorway."}],"words":[{"surface":"σφῶϊ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative dual pronoun","role":"subject of ἕπετον","gloss":"you two"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"βοὸς","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"genitive singular noun","role":"modifies κρέα","gloss":"of an ox"},{"surface":"ἕπετον","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were busy"},{"surface":"κρέα","lemma":"κρέας","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀμφὶ","gloss":"meat"},{"surface":"νῶϊ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of στῆμεν","gloss":"we two"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to στῆμεν","gloss":"then"}]},{"number":777,"label":"777","id":"b11-l777","source":"στῆμεν ἐνὶ προθύροισι· ταφὼν δʼ ἀνόρουσεν Ἀχιλλεύς,","translation":"stood in the entryway. Startled, Achilles sprang up,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l777.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆμεν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"προθύροισι","lemma":"πρόθυρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"porch"},{"surface":"ταφὼν","lemma":"τέθηπα","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀνόρουσεν","gloss":"startled"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνόρουσεν","lemma":"ἀνορούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sprang up"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τ̓","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":778,"label":"778","id":"b11-l778","source":"ἐς δʼ ἄγε χειρὸς ἑλών, κατὰ δʼ ἑδριάασθαι ἄνωγε,","translation":"and took him by the hand, led him in, and bade him sit down.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l778.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐς δʼ ἄγε χειρὸς ἑλών, κατὰ δʼ ἑδριάασθαι ἄνωγε","title":"A repeated welcome","body":"This Greek line repeats 11.646, where Nestor welcomes Patroclus. Its English therefore repeats that earlier rendering exactly, preserving Homer's verbal echo across the two acts of hospitality."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"χειρὸς","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἑλών","gloss":"by the hand"},{"surface":"ἑλών","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἄγε","gloss":"taking"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑδριάασθαι","lemma":"ἑδριάω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἄνωγε","gloss":"to sit down"},{"surface":"ἄνωγε","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bade"}]},{"number":779,"label":"779","id":"b11-l779","source":"ξείνιά τʼ εὖ παρέθηκεν, ἅ τε ξείνοις θέμις ἐστίν.","translation":"He set guest-fare well before us, as is right for guests.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l779.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ξείνιά","lemma":"ξένιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of παρέθηκεν","gloss":"guest-fare"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παρέθηκεν","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"παρέθηκεν","lemma":"παρατίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he set before"},{"surface":"ἅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"normally"},{"surface":"ξείνοις","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"for guests"},{"surface":"θέμις","lemma":"θέμις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"ἐστίν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ξείνιά","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":780,"label":"780","id":"b11-l780","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ τάρπημεν ἐδητύος ἠδὲ ποτῆτος,","translation":"But when we had taken our fill of food and drink,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l780.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τάρπημεν","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"we had our fill"},{"surface":"ἐδητύος","lemma":"ἐδητύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"food"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ποτῆτος","lemma":"ποτής","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"drink"}]},{"number":781,"label":"781","id":"b11-l781","source":"ἦρχον ἐγὼ μύθοιο κελεύων ὔμμʼ ἅμʼ ἕπεσθαι·","translation":"I opened the speech, urging you both to follow us;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l781.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦρχον","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I opened"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦρχον","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"μύθοιο","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἦρχον","gloss":"of speech"},{"surface":"κελεύων","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦρχον","gloss":"urging"},{"surface":"ὔμμ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative plural pronoun","role":"object of κελεύων","gloss":"you both"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕπεσθαι","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"ἕπεσθαι","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of κελεύων","gloss":"follow"}]},{"number":782,"label":"782","id":"b11-l782","source":"σφὼ δὲ μάλʼ ἠθέλετον, τὼ δʼ ἄμφω πόλλʼ ἐπέτελλον.","translation":"and you two were very willing, while both fathers gave many charges.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l782.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σφὼ","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἠθέλετον","gloss":"you two"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠθέλετον","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ἠθέλετον","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were willing"},{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπέτελλον","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄμφω","lemma":"ἄμφω","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"modifies τὼ","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"πόλλ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐπέτελλον","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ἐπέτελλον","lemma":"ἐπιτέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave charge"}]},{"number":783,"label":"783","id":"b11-l783","source":"Πηλεὺς μὲν ᾧ παιδὶ γέρων ἐπέτελλʼ Ἀχιλῆϊ","translation":"Old Peleus charged his own son Achilles","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l783.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πηλεὺς","lemma":"Πηλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπέτελλ̓","gloss":"Peleus"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies παιδὶ","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"παιδὶ","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀχιλῆϊ","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πηλεὺς","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"ἐπέτελλ","lemma":"ἐπιτέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"charged"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆϊ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπέτελλ̓","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":784,"label":"784","id":"b11-l784","source":"αἰὲν ἀριστεύειν καὶ ὑπείροχον ἔμμεναι ἄλλων·","translation":"always to be best and rise above all others,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l784.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰὲν","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀριστεύειν","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"ἀριστεύειν","lemma":"ἀριστεύω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"be preeminent"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπείροχον","lemma":"ὑπέροχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"above all"},{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὑπείροχον","gloss":"others"}]},{"number":785,"label":"785","id":"b11-l785","source":"σοὶ δʼ αὖθʼ ὧδʼ ἐπέτελλε Μενοίτιος Ἄκτορος υἱός·","translation":"but Menoetius, son of Actor, charged you in turn like this:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l785.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐπέτελλε","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖθ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ὧδ","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπέτελλε","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἐπέτελλε","lemma":"ἐπιτέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave charge"},{"surface":"Μενοίτιος","lemma":"Μενοίτιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Menoetius"},{"surface":"Ἄκτορος","lemma":"Ἄκτωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"of Actor"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":786,"label":"786","id":"b11-l786","source":"τέκνον ἐμὸν γενεῇ μὲν ὑπέρτερός ἐστιν Ἀχιλλεύς,","translation":"\"My child, Achilles is higher than you in birth,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l786.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τέκνον","lemma":"τέκνον","morphology":"vocative singular neuter noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"ἐμὸν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"vocative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέκνον","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"γενεῇ","lemma":"γενεά","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπέρτερός","gloss":"by birth"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὑπέρτερός","lemma":"ὑπέρτερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"superior"},{"surface":"ἐστιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐστιν","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":787,"label":"787","id":"b11-l787","source":"πρεσβύτερος δὲ σύ ἐσσι· βίῃ δʼ ὅ γε πολλὸν ἀμείνων.","translation":"but you are older; in strength he is far better.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l787.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πρεσβύτερος δὲ σύ ἐσσι","title":"Birth, age, and strength","body":"Three comparisons are kept separate: Achilles is higher in lineage, Patroclus is older, and Achilles is much stronger. Nestor uses the distinctions to ground Patroclus' role as the older counselor."}],"words":[{"surface":"πρεσβύτερος","lemma":"πρέσβυς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"older"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἐσσι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἐσσι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you are"},{"surface":"βίῃ","lemma":"βία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμείνων","gloss":"in strength"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πολλὸν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"ἀμείνων","lemma":"ἀμείνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"better"}]},{"number":788,"label":"788","id":"b11-l788","source":"ἀλλʼ εὖ οἱ φάσθαι πυκινὸν ἔπος ἠδʼ ὑποθέσθαι","translation":"But speak a shrewd word to him, counsel him well,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l788.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάσθαι","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of φάσθαι","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"φάσθαι","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"to speak"},{"surface":"πυκινὸν","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπος","gloss":"shrewd"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of φάσθαι","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑποθέσθαι","lemma":"ὑποτίθημι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"offer counsel"}]},{"number":789,"label":"789","id":"b11-l789","source":"καί οἱ σημαίνειν· ὃ δὲ πείσεται εἰς ἀγαθόν περ.","translation":"and show him the way; he will obey you, to his own good.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l789.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of σημαίνειν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"σημαίνειν","lemma":"σημαίνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"show the way"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πείσεται","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πείσεται","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will obey"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἀγαθόν","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to εἰς","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":790,"label":"790","id":"b11-l790","source":"ὣς ἐπέτελλʼ ὃ γέρων, σὺ δὲ λήθεαι· ἀλλʼ ἔτι καὶ νῦν","translation":"So the old man charged you, but you forget. Yet even now","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l790.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπέτελλ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἐπέτελλ","lemma":"ἐπιτέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"charged"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies γέρων","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπέτελλ̓","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of λήθεαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"λήθεαι","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"forget"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴποις","gloss":"now"}]},{"number":791,"label":"791","id":"b11-l791","source":"ταῦτʼ εἴποις Ἀχιλῆϊ δαΐφρονι αἴ κε πίθηται.","translation":"you might tell these things to Achilles, skilled in war, in case he listens.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l791.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ταῦτ","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of εἴποις","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"εἴποις","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"might tell"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆϊ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἴποις","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"δαΐφρονι","lemma":"δαίφρων","morphology":"dative singular adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλῆϊ","gloss":"warlike"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"πίθηται","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"he listens"}]},{"number":792,"label":"792","id":"b11-l792","source":"τίς δʼ οἶδʼ εἴ κέν οἱ σὺν δαίμονι θυμὸν ὀρίναις","translation":"Who knows whether, with a god's aid, you might stir his spirit","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l792.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"εἴ κέν οἱ σὺν δαίμονι θυμὸν ὀρίναις","title":"A cautious possibility","body":"The optative ὀρίναις with εἴ κεν makes the outcome uncertain: perhaps Patroclus might stir Achilles' spirit with divine aid. Nestor proposes influence, not a guaranteed change of mind."}],"words":[{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of οἶδ̓","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἶδ","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"knows"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"might"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies θυμὸν","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"δαίμονι","lemma":"δαίμων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀρίναις","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ὀρίναις","lemma":"ὀρίνω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of εἴ","gloss":"you might stir"}]},{"number":793,"label":"793","id":"b11-l793","source":"παρειπών; ἀγαθὴ δὲ παραίφασίς ἐστιν ἑταίρου.","translation":"by persuasion? A companion's urging is a good thing.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l793.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παρειπών","lemma":"παρεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὀρίναις","gloss":"urging"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὴ","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παραίφασίς","lemma":"παραίφασις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐστιν","gloss":"urging"},{"surface":"ἐστιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ἑταίρου","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies παραίφασίς","gloss":"comrade"}]},{"number":794,"label":"794","id":"b11-l794","source":"εἰ δέ τινα φρεσὶν ᾗσι θεοπροπίην ἀλεείνει","translation":"But if in his heart he is avoiding some prophecy,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l794.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τινα","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies θεοπροπίην","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"φρεσὶν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀλεείνει","gloss":"in his heart"},{"surface":"ᾗσι","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρεσὶν","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"θεοπροπίην","lemma":"θεοπροπία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine 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ἐπέφραδε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Ζηνὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πὰρ","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ἐπέφραδε","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"revealed"},{"surface":"πότνια","lemma":"πότνια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μήτηρ","gloss":"queenly"},{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐπέφραδε","gloss":"mother"}]},{"number":796,"label":"796","id":"b11-l796","source":"ἀλλὰ σέ περ προέτω, ἅμα δʼ ἄλλος λαὸς ἑπέσθω","translation":"then let him send at least you, and let the rest of the host","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l796.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σέ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of προέτω","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"προέτω","lemma":"προίημι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let him send"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἑπέσθω","gloss":"with you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λαὸς","gloss":"the rest"},{"surface":"λαὸς","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἑπέσθω","gloss":"host"},{"surface":"ἑπέσθω","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let follow"}]},{"number":797,"label":"797","id":"b11-l797","source":"Μυρμιδόνων, αἴ κέν τι φόως Δαναοῖσι γένηαι·","translation":"of Myrmidons follow with you, so you may become a light for the Danaans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l797.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μυρμιδόνων","lemma":"Μυρμιδόνες","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies λαὸς","gloss":"of the Myrmidons"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies φόως","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"φόως","lemma":"φόως","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"Δαναοῖσι","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of γένηαι","gloss":"for the Danaans"},{"surface":"γένηαι","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"you become"}]},{"number":798,"label":"798","id":"b11-l798","source":"καί τοι τεύχεα καλὰ δότω πόλεμον δὲ φέρεσθαι,","translation":"And let him give you his fine armor to carry into battle,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l798.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of δότω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter 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—×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l799.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of εἴσκοντες","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἴσκοντες","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"εἴσκοντες","lemma":"ἐίσκω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπόσχωνται","gloss":"taking for him"},{"surface":"ἀπόσχωνται","lemma":"ἀπέχω","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"hold back"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπόσχωνται","gloss":"from battle"}]},{"number":800,"label":"800","id":"b11-l800","source":"Τρῶες, ἀναπνεύσωσι δʼ ἀρήϊοι υἷες Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"and the warlike sons of the Achaeans may breathe again","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l800.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπόσχωνται","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ἀναπνεύσωσι","lemma":"ἀναπνέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"may breathe again"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀρήϊοι","lemma":"ἄρειος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷες","gloss":"warlike"},{"surface":"υἷες","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀναπνεύσωσι","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷες","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":801,"label":"801","id":"b11-l801","source":"τειρόμενοι· ὀλίγη δέ τʼ ἀνάπνευσις πολέμοιο.","translation":"in their exhaustion; brief indeed is any breathing-space in war.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l801.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὀλίγη δέ τʼ ἀνάπνευσις πολέμοιο","title":"A brief breathing-space","body":"ἀνάπνευσις is literally a breathing again, hence a respite. Nestor stresses how little rest battle grants even if the Trojans recoil from Achilles' armor."}],"words":[{"surface":"τειρόμενοι","lemma":"τείρω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀναπνεύσωσι","gloss":"exhausted"},{"surface":"ὀλίγη","lemma":"ὀλίγος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"brief"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνάπνευσις","lemma":"ἀνάπνευσις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"breathing-space"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνάπνευσις","gloss":"of battle"}]},{"number":802,"label":"802","id":"b11-l802","source":"ῥεῖα δέ κʼ ἀκμῆτες κεκμηότας ἄνδρας ἀϋτῇ","translation":"Then easily, fresh as you are, with the battle-cry you could drive tired men","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l802.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥεῖα","lemma":"ῥεῖα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὤσαισθε","gloss":"easily"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"ἀκμῆτες","lemma":"ἀκμής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"fresh"},{"surface":"κεκμηότας","lemma":"κάμνω","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"tired"},{"surface":"ἄνδρας","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὤσαισθε","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἀϋτῇ","lemma":"ἀυτή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὤσαισθε","gloss":"with battle-cry"}]},{"number":803,"label":"803","id":"b11-l803","source":"ὤσαισθε προτὶ ἄστυ νεῶν ἄπο καὶ κλισιάων.","translation":"back toward the city, away from the ships and huts.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l803.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤσαισθε","lemma":"ὠθέω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you could drive"},{"surface":"προτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of προτὶ","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"νεῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἄπο","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κλισιάων","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"huts"}]},{"number":804,"label":"804","id":"b11-l804","source":"ὣς φάτο, τῷ δʼ ἄρα θυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ὄρινε,","translation":"So he spoke, and stirred the spirit within his breast;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l804.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὄρινε","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὄρινε","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσιν","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐνὶ","gloss":"his breast"},{"surface":"ὄρινε","lemma":"ὀρίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stirred"}]},{"number":805,"label":"805","id":"b11-l805","source":"βῆ δὲ θέειν παρὰ νῆας ἐπʼ Αἰακίδην Ἀχιλῆα.","translation":"and he set out running beside the ships toward Achilles, son of Aeacus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l805.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θέειν","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of βῆ","gloss":"running"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of παρὰ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"Αἰακίδην","lemma":"Αἰακίδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀχιλῆα","gloss":"son of Aeacus"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆα","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":806,"label":"806","id":"b11-l806","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ κατὰ νῆας Ὀδυσσῆος θείοιο","translation":"But when, beside the ships of godlike Odysseus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l806.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"of Odysseus"},{"surface":"θείοιο","lemma":"θεῖος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσῆος","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":807,"label":"807","id":"b11-l807","source":"ἷξε θέων Πάτροκλος, ἵνά σφʼ ἀγορή τε θέμις τε","translation":"Patroclus reached at a run the place where they held assembly and judgment,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l807.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἷξε","lemma":"ἵκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"θέων","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἷξε","gloss":"running"},{"surface":"Πάτροκλος","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἷξε","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"ἵνά","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤην","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"σφ","lemma":"σφ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"ἀγορή","lemma":"ἀγορά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"assembly-ground"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θέμις","lemma":"θέμις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"judgment"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":808,"label":"808","id":"b11-l808","source":"ἤην, τῇ δὴ καί σφι θεῶν ἐτετεύχατο βωμοί,","translation":"and there too altars to the gods had been built for them,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l808.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"τῇ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐτετεύχατο","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφι","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies βωμοί","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies βωμοί","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"ἐτετεύχατο","lemma":"τυγχάνω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"had been built"},{"surface":"βωμοί","lemma":"βωμός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐτετεύχατο","gloss":"altars"}]},{"number":809,"label":"809","id":"b11-l809","source":"ἔνθά οἱ Εὐρύπυλος βεβλημένος ἀντεβόλησε","translation":"there wounded Eurypylus met him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l809.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθά","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀντεβόλησε","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀντεβόλησε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"Εὐρύπυλος","lemma":"Εὐρύπυλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Eurypylus"},{"surface":"βεβλημένος","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀντεβόλησε","gloss":"wounded"},{"surface":"ἀντεβόλησε","lemma":"ἀντιβολέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"met"}]},{"number":810,"label":"810","id":"b11-l810","source":"διογενὴς Εὐαιμονίδης κατὰ μηρὸν ὀϊστῷ","translation":"the Zeus-sprung son of Euaemon, struck in the thigh by an arrow,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l810.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"διογενὴς Εὐαιμονίδης","title":"The Zeus-sprung son of Euaemon","body":"The patronymic identifies this Eurypylus as Euaemon's son, distinct from Eurypylus of Cos. διογενής is the standing adjective “Zeus-sprung,” not a claim that Zeus is his immediate father."}],"words":[{"surface":"διογενὴς","lemma":"διογενής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Εὐαιμονίδης","gloss":"Zeus-sprung"},{"surface":"Εὐαιμονίδης","lemma":"Εὐαιμονίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son of Euaemon"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μηρὸν","lemma":"μηρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"thigh"},{"surface":"ὀϊστῷ","lemma":"ὀιστός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βεβλημένος","gloss":"by an arrow"}]},{"number":811,"label":"811","id":"b11-l811","source":"σκάζων ἐκ πολέμου· κατὰ δὲ νότιος ῥέεν ἱδρὼς","translation":"limping from the battle; drenching sweat ran down","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l811.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σκάζων","lemma":"σκάζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀντεβόλησε","gloss":"limping"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πολέμου","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νότιος","lemma":"νότιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἱδρὼς","gloss":"drenching"},{"surface":"ῥέεν","lemma":"ῥέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flowed"},{"surface":"ἱδρὼς","lemma":"ἱδρώς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ῥέεν","gloss":"sweat"}]},{"number":812,"label":"812","id":"b11-l812","source":"ὤμων καὶ κεφαλῆς, ἀπὸ δʼ ἕλκεος ἀργαλέοιο","translation":"from his shoulders and head, and from the grievous wound","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l812.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤμων","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κεφαλῆς","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕλκεος","lemma":"ἕλκος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"wound"},{"surface":"ἀργαλέοιο","lemma":"ἀργαλέος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἕλκεος","gloss":"grievous"}]},{"number":813,"label":"813","id":"b11-l813","source":"αἷμα μέλαν κελάρυζε· νόος γε μὲν ἔμπεδος ἦεν.","translation":"black blood gurgled; but his mind stood firm.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l813.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἷμα","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of κελάρυζε","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"μέλαν","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies αἷμα","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"κελάρυζε","lemma":"κελαρύζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gurgled"},{"surface":"νόος","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦεν","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔμπεδος","lemma":"ἔμπεδος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"steadfast"},{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"}]},{"number":814,"label":"814","id":"b11-l814","source":"τὸν δὲ ἰδὼν ᾤκτειρε Μενοιτίου ἄλκιμος υἱός,","translation":"Seeing him, the valiant son of Menoetius pitied him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l814.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ᾤκτειρε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ᾤκτειρε","gloss":"seeing"},{"surface":"ᾤκτειρε","lemma":"οἰκτείρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pitied"},{"surface":"Μενοιτίου","lemma":"Μενοίτιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"of Menoetius"},{"surface":"ἄλκιμος","lemma":"ἄλκιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"valiant"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καί","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":815,"label":"815","id":"b11-l815","source":"καί ῥʼ ὀλοφυρόμενος ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"and lamenting, he addressed him with winged words:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l815.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὀλοφυρόμενος ἔπεα πτερόεντα","title":"Lamenting with winged words","body":"The participle marks Patroclus as lamenting over Eurypylus before he speaks. The rest of the line is an inherited speech formula and keeps its established English wording exactly."}],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὀλοφυρόμενος","lemma":"ὀλοφύρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"lamenting"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":816,"label":"816","id":"b11-l816","source":"ἆ δειλοὶ Δαναῶν ἡγήτορες ἠδὲ μέδοντες","translation":"\"Ah, wretched leaders and rulers of the Danaans,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l816.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἆ","lemma":"ἆ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"δειλοὶ","lemma":"δειλός","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"Δαναῶν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"of the Danaans"},{"surface":"ἡγήτορες","lemma":"ἡγήτωρ","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"leaders"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέδοντες","lemma":"μέδων","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"rulers"}]},{"number":817,"label":"817","id":"b11-l817","source":"ὣς ἄρʼ ἐμέλλετε τῆλε φίλων καὶ πατρίδος αἴης","translation":"so you were doomed, far from friends and native land,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l817.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐμέλλετε","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐμέλλετε","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you were doomed"},{"surface":"τῆλε","lemma":"τῆλε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"far off"},{"surface":"φίλων","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"friends"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πατρίδος","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἴης","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"αἴης","lemma":"αἶα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":818,"label":"818","id":"b11-l818","source":"ἄσειν ἐν Τροίῃ ταχέας κύνας ἀργέτι δημῷ.","translation":"in Troy to sate swift dogs with your white fat.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l818.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ταχέας κύνας ἀργέτι δημῷ","title":"Food for the swift dogs","body":"Patroclus imagines the fallen leaders feeding Troy's dogs with their own white fat. The bodily detail makes his pity a vision of unburied death, not a general fear of defeat."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἄσειν","lemma":"ἄω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ἐμέλλετε","gloss":"to sate"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Τροίῃ","lemma":"Τροία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"ταχέας","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κύνας","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"κύνας","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἄσειν","gloss":"the dogs"},{"surface":"ἀργέτι","lemma":"ἀργής","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δημῷ","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"δημῷ","lemma":"δημός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἄσειν","gloss":"fat"}]},{"number":819,"label":"819","id":"b11-l819","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε μοι τόδε εἰπὲ διοτρεφὲς Εὐρύπυλʼ ἥρως,","translation":"But come, tell me this, Zeus-nurtured hero Eurypylus:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l819.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἰπὲ","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"εἰπὲ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"speak out"},{"surface":"διοτρεφὲς","lemma":"διοτρεφής","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Εὐρύπυλ̓","gloss":"Zeus-nurtured"},{"surface":"Εὐρύπυλ","lemma":"Εὐρύπυλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Eurypylus"},{"surface":"ἥρως","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Εὐρύπυλ̓","gloss":"the hero"}]},{"number":820,"label":"820","id":"b11-l820","source":"ἤ ῥʼ ἔτι που σχήσουσι πελώριον Ἕκτορʼ Ἀχαιοί,","translation":"will the Achaeans still somehow hold back huge Hector,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l820.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to σχήσουσι","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"σχήσουσι","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of ἦ","gloss":"will hold back"},{"surface":"πελώριον","lemma":"πελώριος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτοῤ","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of σχήσουσι","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of σχήσουσι","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":821,"label":"821","id":"b11-l821","source":"ἦ ἤδη φθίσονται ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ δουρὶ δαμέντες;","translation":"or will they now perish, broken beneath his spear?\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l821.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φθίσονται","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"φθίσονται","lemma":"φθίω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of ἦ","gloss":"will perish"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δουρὶ","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὑπ̓","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"δαμέντες","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to φθίσονται","gloss":"broken"}]},{"number":822,"label":"822","id":"b11-l822","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτʼ Εὐρύπυλος βεβλημένος ἀντίον ηὔδα·","translation":"Then wounded Eurypylus answered him in turn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l822.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Εὐρύπυλος","lemma":"Εὐρύπυλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ηὔδα","gloss":"Eurypylus"},{"surface":"βεβλημένος","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"wounded"},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"in reply"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":823,"label":"823","id":"b11-l823","source":"οὐκέτι διογενὲς Πατρόκλεες ἄλκαρ Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"\"No longer, Patroclus, sprung from Zeus, will the Achaeans have any defense,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l823.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐκέτι","lemma":"οὐκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσσεται","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"διογενὲς","lemma":"διογενής","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πατρόκλεες","gloss":"sprung from Zeus"},{"surface":"Πατρόκλεες","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"ἄλκαρ","lemma":"ἄλκαρ","morphology":"nominative neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔσσεται","gloss":"defense"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄλκαρ","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":824,"label":"824","id":"b11-l824","source":"ἔσσεται, ἀλλʼ ἐν νηυσὶ μελαίνῃσιν πεσέονται.","translation":"but they will fall among the black ships.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l824.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσσεται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"μελαίνῃσιν","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶ","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"πεσέονται","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will fall"}]},{"number":825,"label":"825","id":"b11-l825","source":"οἳ μὲν γὰρ δὴ πάντες, ὅσοι πάρος ἦσαν ἄριστοι,","translation":"For all those who before were best","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l825.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κέαται","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἳ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ὅσοι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἦσαν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦσαν","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ἦσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing οἳ","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"ἄριστοι","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"best"}]},{"number":826,"label":"826","id":"b11-l826","source":"ἐν νηυσὶν κέαται βεβλημένοι οὐτάμενοί τε","translation":"lie in the ships, struck and wounded.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l826.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"βεβλημένοι οὐτάμενοί τε","title":"Still struck and wounded","body":"The perfect participle βεβλημένοι presents the leaders as struck and still disabled, while οὐτάμενοι adds their wounds. This entire Greek line repeats 11.659, so its English is copied exactly."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"κέαται","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lie"},{"surface":"βεβλημένοι","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"οὐτάμενοί","lemma":"οὐτάω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"stabbed"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":827,"label":"827","id":"b11-l827","source":"χερσὶν ὕπο Τρώων· τῶν δὲ σθένος ὄρνυται αἰέν.","translation":"at the hands of Trojans; and their strength rises ever higher.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l827.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὕπο","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ὕπο","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies χερσὶν","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies σθένος","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σθένος","lemma":"σθένος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ὄρνυται","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"ὄρνυται","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rises"},{"surface":"αἰέν","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄρνυται","gloss":"always"}]},{"number":828,"label":"828","id":"b11-l828","source":"ἀλλʼ ἐμὲ μὲν σὺ σάωσον ἄγων ἐπὶ νῆα μέλαιναν,","translation":"But save me, and lead me to a black ship,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l828.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐμὲ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of σάωσον","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of σάωσον","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"σάωσον","lemma":"σώζω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"save"},{"surface":"ἄγων","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to σάωσον","gloss":"leading"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"νῆα","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"a ship"},{"surface":"μέλαιναν","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆα","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":829,"label":"829","id":"b11-l829","source":"μηροῦ δʼ ἔκταμʼ ὀϊστόν, ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ δʼ αἷμα κελαινὸν","translation":"cut the arrow from my thigh, and from the wound the dark blood","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l829.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μηροῦ","lemma":"μηρός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔκταμ̓","gloss":"thigh"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔκταμ","lemma":"ἐκτέμνω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cut out"},{"surface":"ὀϊστόν","lemma":"ὀιστός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔκταμ̓","gloss":"arrow"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀπ̓","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἷμα","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of νίζ̓","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"κελαινὸν","lemma":"κελαινός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies αἷμα","gloss":"dark"}]},{"number":830,"label":"830","id":"b11-l830","source":"νίζʼ ὕδατι λιαρῷ, ἐπὶ δʼ ἤπια φάρμακα πάσσε","translation":"wash with warm water; then sprinkle soothing medicines upon it,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l830.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νίζ","lemma":"νίζω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wash"},{"surface":"ὕδατι","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to νίζ̓","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"λιαρῷ","lemma":"λιαρός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὕδατι","gloss":"warm"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤπια","lemma":"ἤπιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies φάρμακα","gloss":"gentle"},{"surface":"φάρμακα","lemma":"φάρμακον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πάσσε","gloss":"drugs"},{"surface":"πάσσε","lemma":"πάσσω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sprinkle"}]},{"number":831,"label":"831","id":"b11-l831","source":"ἐσθλά, τά σε προτί φασιν Ἀχιλλῆος δεδιδάχθαι,","translation":"good ones, which they say you learned from Achilles,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l831.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐσθλά","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of δεδιδάχθαι","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject of δεδιδάχθαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"προτί","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"φασιν","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"they say"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλῆος","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of προτί","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"δεδιδάχθαι","lemma":"διδάσκω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of φασιν","gloss":"to have been taught"}]},{"number":832,"label":"832","id":"b11-l832","source":"ὃν Χείρων ἐδίδαξε δικαιότατος Κενταύρων.","translation":"whom Chiron taught, most righteous of the Centaurs.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l832.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐδίδαξε","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"Χείρων","lemma":"Χείρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐδίδαξε","gloss":"Chiron"},{"surface":"ἐδίδαξε","lemma":"διδάσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἀχιλλῆος","gloss":"taught"},{"surface":"δικαιότατος","lemma":"δίκαιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"modifies Χείρων","gloss":"most righteous"},{"surface":"Κενταύρων","lemma":"Κένταυρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to δικαιότατος","gloss":"of the Centaurs"}]},{"number":833,"label":"833","id":"b11-l833","source":"ἰητροὶ μὲν γὰρ Ποδαλείριος ἠδὲ Μαχάων","translation":"For the healers Podalirius and Machaon—","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l833.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἰητροὶ μὲν γὰρ Ποδαλείριος ἠδὲ Μαχάων","title":"The two healers divided","body":"The μέν…δέ structure distinguishes the brothers' present states. Machaon is the one lying wounded in the huts, while Podalirius remains on the plain facing the Trojan battle."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἰητροὶ","lemma":"ἰατρός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"healers"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Ποδαλείριος","lemma":"Ποδαλείριος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"Podalirius"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μαχάων","lemma":"Μαχάων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"Machaon"}]},{"number":834,"label":"834","id":"b11-l834","source":"τὸν μὲν ἐνὶ κλισίῃσιν ὀΐομαι ἕλκος ἔχοντα","translation":"one, I think, lies wounded in the huts,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l834.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κεῖσθαι","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κλισίῃσιν","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"huts"},{"surface":"ὀΐομαι","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I think"},{"surface":"ἕλκος","lemma":"ἕλκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχοντα","gloss":"a wound"},{"surface":"ἔχοντα","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"having"}]},{"number":835,"label":"835","id":"b11-l835","source":"χρηΐζοντα καὶ αὐτὸν ἀμύμονος ἰητῆρος","translation":"himself in need of a blameless healer,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l835.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χρηΐζοντα","lemma":"χρῄζω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"needing"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ἀμύμονος","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"genitive singular adjective","role":"modifies ἰητῆρος","gloss":"blameless"},{"surface":"ἰητῆρος","lemma":"ἰατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of χρηΐζοντα","gloss":"healer"}]},{"number":836,"label":"836","id":"b11-l836","source":"κεῖσθαι· ὃ δʼ ἐν πεδίῳ Τρώων μένει ὀξὺν Ἄρηα.","translation":"while the other on the plain withstands the Trojans' sharp war.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l836.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖσθαι","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ὀΐομαι","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μένει","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πεδίῳ","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"plain"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies Ἄρηα","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"μένει","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"withstands"},{"surface":"ὀξὺν","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρηα","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"Ἄρηα","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μένει","gloss":"war"}]},{"number":837,"label":"837","id":"b11-l837","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε Μενοιτίου ἄλκιμος υἱός·","translation":"Then the valiant son of Menoetius addressed him in turn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l837.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"Μενοιτίου","lemma":"Μενοίτιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"of Menoetius"},{"surface":"ἄλκιμος","lemma":"ἄλκιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"stout"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπε","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":838,"label":"838","id":"b11-l838","source":"πῶς τὰρ ἔοι τάδε ἔργα; τί ῥέξομεν Εὐρύπυλʼ ἥρως;","translation":"\"How then shall this be? What shall we do, hero Eurypylus?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l838.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πῶς","lemma":"πῶς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔοι","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"τὰρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔοι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"might be"},{"surface":"τάδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔοι","gloss":"deeds"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ῥέξομεν","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"ῥέξομεν","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall we do"},{"surface":"Εὐρύπυλ","lemma":"Εὐρύπυλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Eurypylus"},{"surface":"ἥρως","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Εὐρύπυλ̓","gloss":"the hero"}]},{"number":839,"label":"839","id":"b11-l839","source":"ἔρχομαι ὄφρʼ Ἀχιλῆϊ δαΐφρονι μῦθον ἐνίσπω","translation":"I am going to tell Achilles, skilled in war, the message","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l839.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔρχομαι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I am going"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆϊ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνίσπω","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"δαΐφρονι","lemma":"δαίφρων","morphology":"dative singular adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλῆϊ","gloss":"warlike"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνίσπω","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ἐνίσπω","lemma":"ἐνέπω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφῤ","gloss":"to tell"}]},{"number":840,"label":"840","id":"b11-l840","source":"ὃν Νέστωρ ἐπέτελλε Γερήνιος οὖρος Ἀχαιῶν·","translation":"that Nestor charged me with, the Gerenian guard of the Achaeans;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l840.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπέτελλε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"Νέστωρ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Nestor"},{"surface":"ἐπέτελλε","lemma":"ἐπιτέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing μῦθον","gloss":"gave charge"},{"surface":"Γερήνιος","lemma":"Γερήνιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Νέστωρ","gloss":"Gerenian"},{"surface":"οὖρος","lemma":"οὖρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"guard"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οὖρος","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":841,"label":"841","id":"b11-l841","source":"ἀλλʼ οὐδʼ ὧς περ σεῖο μεθήσω τειρομένοιο.","translation":"yet not even so will I abandon you in your suffering.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l841.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὧς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μεθήσω","gloss":"even so"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σεῖο","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular pronoun","role":"object of μεθήσω","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"μεθήσω","lemma":"μεθίημι","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will abandon"},{"surface":"τειρομένοιο","lemma":"τείρω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"suffering"}]},{"number":842,"label":"842","id":"b11-l842","source":"ἦ, καὶ ὑπὸ στέρνοιο λαβὼν ἄγε ποιμένα λαῶν","translation":"He spoke, and grasping the shepherd of the people beneath the chest, led him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l842.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"στέρνοιο","lemma":"στέρνον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"his chest"},{"surface":"λαβὼν","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἄγε","gloss":"grasping"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"ποιμένα","lemma":"ποιμήν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄγε","gloss":"shepherd"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ποιμένα","gloss":"of the people"}]},{"number":843,"label":"843","id":"b11-l843","source":"ἐς κλισίην· θεράπων δὲ ἰδὼν ὑπέχευε βοείας.","translation":"into the hut; an attendant saw and spread oxhides beneath him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l843.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"κλισίην","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"hut"},{"surface":"θεράπων","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὑπέχευε","gloss":"attendant"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὑπέχευε","gloss":"seeing"},{"surface":"ὑπέχευε","lemma":"ὑποχέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spread beneath"},{"surface":"βοείας","lemma":"βοείη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπέχευε","gloss":"oxhides"}]},{"number":844,"label":"844","id":"b11-l844","source":"ἔνθά μιν ἐκτανύσας ἐκ μηροῦ τάμνε μαχαίρῃ","translation":"There he stretched him out and cut from his thigh with a knife","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l844.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθά","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐκτανύσας","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἐκτανύσας","lemma":"ἐκτανύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τάμνε","gloss":"having stretched out"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"μηροῦ","lemma":"μηρός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"thigh"},{"surface":"τάμνε","lemma":"τέμνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cut"},{"surface":"μαχαίρῃ","lemma":"μάχαιρα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to τάμνε","gloss":"with a knife"}]},{"number":845,"label":"845","id":"b11-l845","source":"ὀξὺ βέλος περιπευκές, ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ δʼ αἷμα κελαινὸν","translation":"the sharp, piercing arrow; from the wound the dark blood","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l845.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀξὺ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies βέλος","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"βέλος","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τάμνε","gloss":"shaft"},{"surface":"περιπευκές","lemma":"περιπευκής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies βέλος","gloss":"piercing"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀπ̓","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἷμα","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of νίζ̓","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"κελαινὸν","lemma":"κελαινός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies αἷμα","gloss":"dark"}]},{"number":846,"label":"846","id":"b11-l846","source":"νίζʼ ὕδατι λιαρῷ, ἐπὶ δὲ ῥίζαν βάλε πικρὴν","translation":"he washed with warm water, then laid a bitter root upon it,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l846.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νίζ","lemma":"νίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he washed"},{"surface":"ὕδατι","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to νίζ̓","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"λιαρῷ","lemma":"λιαρός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὕδατι","gloss":"warm"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥίζαν","lemma":"ῥίζα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"a root"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"laid"},{"surface":"πικρὴν","lemma":"πικρός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ῥίζαν","gloss":"bitter"}]},{"number":847,"label":"847","id":"b11-l847","source":"χερσὶ διατρίψας ὀδυνήφατον, ἥ οἱ ἁπάσας","translation":"crushed in his hands, pain-killing, which checked all","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l847.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὀδυνήφατον","title":"Pain-killing","body":"ὀδυνήφατος is a forceful compound: pain-destroying or pain-killing. It describes the bitter root after Patroclus has crushed it between his hands."}],"words":[{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to διατρίψας","gloss":"in his hands"},{"surface":"διατρίψας","lemma":"διατρίβω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βάλε","gloss":"having crushed"},{"surface":"ὀδυνήφατον","lemma":"ὀδυνήφατος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"pain-killing"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔσχ̓","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὀδύνας","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"ἁπάσας","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὀδύνας","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":848,"label":"848","id":"b11-l848","source":"ἔσχʼ ὀδύνας· τὸ μὲν ἕλκος ἐτέρσετο, παύσατο δʼ αἷμα.","translation":"his pains; the wound dried, and the blood ceased.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b11-l848.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσχ","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"checked"},{"surface":"ὀδύνας","lemma":"ὀδύνη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔσχ̓","gloss":"pains"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter article","role":"modifies ἕλκος","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἕλκος","lemma":"ἕλκος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐτέρσετο","gloss":"wound"},{"surface":"ἐτέρσετο","lemma":"τέρσομαι","morphology":"imperfect passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dried"},{"surface":"παύσατο","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ceased"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἷμα","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of παύσατο","gloss":"blood"}]}]}