{"work":{"slug":"iliad","title":{"source":"Ἰλιάς","translated":"The Iliad"},"author":"Homer","language":"Ancient Greek","languageCode":"grc","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad"},"unit":{"kind":"book","number":13,"id":"book-13","title":{"source":"Ἰλιάδος Ν","translated":"Book 13 — Poseidon at the Ships"},"section":"The Patrocleia","summary":"Poseidon rallies the Greeks behind Zeus's back. Idomeneus fights at the left of the line. The battle sways at the ships.","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad/13","lines":837},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad/12","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad/14","license":"Source text: public domain (Homer, ancient; Greek per the Murray text via the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 3.0). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original line-aligned draft, pending editorial review. Word-by-word morphology and syntax derived from the Perseus Ancient Greek Dependency Treebank (CC BY-SA 3.0); English glosses and notes © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"b13-l1","source":"Ζεὺς δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν Τρῶάς τε καὶ Ἕκτορα νηυσὶ πέλασσε,","translation":"Now when Zeus had indeed brought the Trojans and Hector to the ships,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πέλασσε","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Τρῶάς","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορα","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of πέλασσε","gloss":"to the ships"},{"surface":"πέλασσε","lemma":"πελάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"brought near"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"b13-l2","source":"τοὺς μὲν ἔα παρὰ τῇσι πόνον τʼ ἐχέμεν καὶ ὀϊζὺν","translation":"there he left them beside them to bear toil and misery","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐχέμεν","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"ἔα","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"τῇσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"beside them"},{"surface":"πόνον","lemma":"πόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"toil"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐχέμεν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἔα","gloss":"bear"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀϊζὺν","lemma":"ὀιζύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"misery"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"b13-l3","source":"νωλεμέως, αὐτὸς δὲ πάλιν τρέπεν ὄσσε φαεινὼ","translation":"without ceasing, while he himself turned back his shining eyes","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νωλεμέως","lemma":"νωλεμές","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐχέμεν","gloss":"without ceasing"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"he himself"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"πάλιν","lemma":"πάλιν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τρέπεν","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"τρέπεν","lemma":"τρέπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"ὄσσε","lemma":"ὄσσα","morphology":"accusative dual neuter noun","role":"object of τρέπεν","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"φαεινὼ","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"accusative dual neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὄσσε","gloss":"shining"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"b13-l4","source":"νόσφιν ἐφʼ ἱπποπόλων Θρῃκῶν καθορώμενος αἶαν","translation":"away, gazing upon the land of the horse-breeding Thracians","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νόσφιν","lemma":"νόσφι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τρέπεν","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"ἐφ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ἱπποπόλων","lemma":"ἱπποπόλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Θρῃκῶν","gloss":"horse-breeding"},{"surface":"Θρῃκῶν","lemma":"Θρᾷξ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"Thracians"},{"surface":"καθορώμενος","lemma":"καθοράω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τρέπεν","gloss":"gazing on","note":"middle participle used actively: poseidon is visually surveying the land."},{"surface":"αἶαν","lemma":"αἶα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐφ̓","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"b13-l5","source":"Μυσῶν τʼ ἀγχεμάχων καὶ ἀγαυῶν ἱππημολγῶν","translation":"and of the close-fighting Mysians and the glorious Hippemolgoi","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μυσῶν","lemma":"Μυσός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"Mysians"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγχεμάχων","lemma":"ἀγχέμαχος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μυσῶν","gloss":"close-fighting"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγαυῶν","lemma":"ἀγαυός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἱππημολγῶν","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"ἱππημολγῶν","lemma":"ἱππημολγοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"Hippemolgoi"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"b13-l6","source":"γλακτοφάγων Ἀβίων τε δικαιοτάτων ἀνθρώπων.","translation":"milk-fed, and the Abians, most just of men.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γλακτοφάγων","lemma":"γλακτοφάγος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἱππημολγῶν","gloss":"milk-fed"},{"surface":"Ἀβίων","lemma":"Ἄβιοι","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνθρώπων","gloss":"Abians"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δικαιοτάτων","lemma":"δίκαιος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine superlative adjective","role":"modifies Ἀβίων","gloss":"most just"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies δικαιοτάτων","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"b13-l7","source":"ἐς Τροίην δʼ οὐ πάμπαν ἔτι τρέπεν ὄσσε φαεινώ·","translation":"But toward Troy he no longer turned his shining eyes at all;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Τροίην","lemma":"Τροία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πάμπαν","lemma":"πάμπαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τρέπεν","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τρέπεν","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"τρέπεν","lemma":"τρέπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"ὄσσε","lemma":"ὄσσα","morphology":"accusative dual neuter noun","role":"object of τρέπεν","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"φαεινώ","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"accusative dual neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὄσσε","gloss":"shining"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"b13-l8","source":"οὐ γὰρ ὅ γʼ ἀθανάτων τινα ἔλπετο ὃν κατὰ θυμὸν","translation":"for he did not think in his heart that any one of the immortals","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔλπετο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτων","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τινα","gloss":"immortals"},{"surface":"τινα","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀρηξέμεν","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ἔλπετο","lemma":"ἔλπω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"expected"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμὸν","gloss":"in his"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"b13-l9","source":"ἐλθόντʼ ἢ Τρώεσσιν ἀρηξέμεν ἢ Δαναοῖσιν.","translation":"would come to aid either Trojans or Danaans.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐλθόντ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀρηξέμεν","gloss":"coming"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσιν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἢ","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ἀρηξέμεν","lemma":"ἀρήγω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ἔλπετο","gloss":"help"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"Δαναοῖσιν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἢ","gloss":"Danaans"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"b13-l10","source":"οὐδʼ ἀλαοσκοπιὴν εἶχε κρείων ἐνοσίχθων·","translation":"Nor did the lord Earth-shaker keep blind watch;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l10.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀλαοσκοπιὴν","title":"Blind watch","body":"ἀλαοσκοπιή literally means blind watching or blind lookout. Homer says Poseidon was not looking on unseeing or inattentive, but was fully aware of the battle's course."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλαοσκοπιὴν","lemma":"ἀλαοσκοπιά","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἶχε","gloss":"blind watch"},{"surface":"εἶχε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kept"},{"surface":"κρείων","lemma":"κρείων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐνοσίχθων","gloss":"the lord"},{"surface":"ἐνοσίχθων","lemma":"Ἐνοσίχθων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀλαοσκοπιὴν","gloss":"Earth-shaker"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"b13-l11","source":"καὶ γὰρ ὃ θαυμάζων ἧστο πτόλεμόν τε μάχην τε","translation":"for he sat marveling at the war and the battle","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἧστο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"θαυμάζων","lemma":"θαυμάζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἧστο","gloss":"marveling at"},{"surface":"ἧστο","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"pluperfect indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"πτόλεμόν","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάχην","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"b13-l12","source":"ὑψοῦ ἐπʼ ἀκροτάτης κορυφῆς Σάμου ὑληέσσης","translation":"high up on the topmost peak of wooded Samothrace;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l12.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὑψοῦ","lemma":"ὑψοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἧστο","gloss":"high above"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ἀκροτάτης","lemma":"ἄκρος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine superlative adjective","role":"modifies κορυφῆς","gloss":"topmost"},{"surface":"κορυφῆς","lemma":"κορυφή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"peak"},{"surface":"Σάμου","lemma":"Σάμος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies κορυφῆς","gloss":"Samos"},{"surface":"ὑληέσσης","lemma":"ὑλήεις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Σάμου","gloss":"wooded"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"b13-l13","source":"Θρηϊκίης· ἔνθεν γὰρ ἐφαίνετο πᾶσα μὲν Ἴδη,","translation":"for from there all Ida appeared before him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l13.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Θρηϊκίης","lemma":"Θράκιος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Σάμου","gloss":"of Thrace"},{"surface":"ἔνθεν","lemma":"ἔνθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"from there"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐφαίνετο","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"appeared"},{"surface":"πᾶσα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἴδη","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"Ἴδη","lemma":"Ἴδη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐφαίνετο","gloss":"Ida"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"b13-l14","source":"φαίνετο δὲ Πριάμοιο πόλις καὶ νῆες Ἀχαιῶν.","translation":"and Priam's city appeared, and the ships of the Achaeans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l14.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φαίνετο","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"appeared"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Πριάμοιο","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πόλις","gloss":"Priam"},{"surface":"πόλις","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νῆες","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"b13-l15","source":"ἔνθʼ ἄρʼ ὅ γʼ ἐξ ἁλὸς ἕζετʼ ἰών, ἐλέαιρε δʼ Ἀχαιοὺς","translation":"There, coming up from the sea, he sat, and pitied the Achaeans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l15.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕζετ̓","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕζετ̓","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἁλὸς","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"ἕζετ","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"ἰών","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕζετ̓","gloss":"coming up"},{"surface":"ἐλέαιρε","lemma":"ἐλεαίρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pitied"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὺς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐλέαιρε","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"b13-l16","source":"Τρωσὶν δαμναμένους, Διὶ δὲ κρατερῶς ἐνεμέσσα.","translation":"being broken by the Trojans, and was fiercely angry with Zeus.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l16.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρωσὶν","lemma":"τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δαμναμένους","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"δαμναμένους","lemma":"δαμνάω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being broken"},{"surface":"Διὶ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνεμέσσα","gloss":"with Zeus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κρατερῶς","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐνεμέσσα","gloss":"fiercely"},{"surface":"ἐνεμέσσα","lemma":"νεμεσάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was angry"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"b13-l17","source":"αὐτίκα δʼ ἐξ ὄρεος κατεβήσετο παιπαλόεντος","translation":"At once he came down from the rugged mountain","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l17.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατεβήσετο","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὄρεος","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"mountain"},{"surface":"κατεβήσετο","lemma":"καταβαίνω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came down"},{"surface":"παιπαλόεντος","lemma":"παιπαλόεις","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὄρεος","gloss":"rugged"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"b13-l18","source":"κραιπνὰ ποσὶ προβιβάς· τρέμε δʼ οὔρεα μακρὰ καὶ ὕλη","translation":"striding swiftly on his feet; and the tall mountains and the forest trembled","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l18.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κραιπνὰ","lemma":"κραιπνός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to προβιβάς","gloss":"with swift strides"},{"surface":"ποσὶ","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to προβιβάς","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"προβιβάς","lemma":"προβιβάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κατεβήσετο","gloss":"striding"},{"surface":"τρέμε","lemma":"τρέμω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"trembled"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὔρεα","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"mountains"},{"surface":"μακρὰ","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies οὔρεα","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὕλη","lemma":"ὕλη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"forest"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"b13-l19","source":"ποσσὶν ὑπʼ ἀθανάτοισι Ποσειδάωνος ἰόντος.","translation":"beneath the immortal feet of Poseidon as he went.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l19.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ποσσὶν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπ̓","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποσσὶν","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"Ποσειδάωνος","lemma":"Ποσειδεών","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ποσσὶν","gloss":"Poseidon"},{"surface":"ἰόντος","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as he went"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"b13-l20","source":"τρὶς μὲν ὀρέξατʼ ἰών, τὸ δὲ τέτρατον ἵκετο τέκμωρ","translation":"Three times he stretched forward in his stride, and with the fourth he reached the goal,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l20.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τρὶς","lemma":"τρίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀρέξατ̓","gloss":"three times"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"ὀρέξατ","lemma":"ὀρέγω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stretched forward"},{"surface":"ἰών","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὀρέξατ̓","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter article","role":"modifies τέτρατον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τέτρατον","lemma":"τέταρτος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἵκετο","gloss":"the fourth"},{"surface":"ἵκετο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"τέκμωρ","lemma":"τέκμαρ","morphology":"irregular","role":"object","gloss":"the goal","note":"epic idiom: literally a mark or fixed point, here the goal of his stride."}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"b13-l21","source":"Αἰγάς, ἔνθα δέ οἱ κλυτὰ δώματα βένθεσι λίμνης","translation":"Aegae, where his glorious halls in the depths of the sea","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l21.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἰγάς","lemma":"Αἰγαί","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Aegae"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τετεύχαται","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies δώματα","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"κλυτὰ","lemma":"κλυτός","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δώματα","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"δώματα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of τετεύχαται","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"βένθεσι","lemma":"βένθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to τετεύχαται","gloss":"in the depths"},{"surface":"λίμνης","lemma":"λίμνη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies βένθεσι","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"b13-l22","source":"χρύσεα μαρμαίροντα τετεύχαται ἄφθιτα αἰεί.","translation":"stand fashioned in gold, gleaming, imperishable forever.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l22.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χρύσεα","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"μαρμαίροντα","lemma":"μαρμαίρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifies","gloss":"gleaming"},{"surface":"τετεύχαται","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have been built"},{"surface":"ἄφθιτα","lemma":"ἄφθιτος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"imperishable"},{"surface":"αἰεί","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"forever"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"b13-l23","source":"ἔνθʼ ἐλθὼν ὑπʼ ὄχεσφι τιτύσκετο χαλκόποδʼ ἵππω","translation":"Coming there he yoked beneath his chariot his bronze-footed horses,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l23.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐλθὼν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἐλθὼν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τιτύσκετο","gloss":"coming"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"ὄχεσφι","lemma":"ὄχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ὑπ̓","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"τιτύσκετο","lemma":"τιτύσκομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"yoked"},{"surface":"χαλκόποδ","lemma":"χαλκόπους","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵππω","gloss":"bronze-footed"},{"surface":"ἵππω","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative dual masculine noun","role":"object of τιτύσκετο","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"b13-l24","source":"ὠκυπέτα χρυσέῃσιν ἐθείρῃσιν κομόωντε,","translation":"swift-flying, with their flowing manes of gold;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l24.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὠκυπέτα","title":"Swift-flying horses","body":"ὠκυπέτα means swift in flight, a word often used of birds. Homer lets Poseidon's sea-horses move with that same airborne speed above the waves."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὠκυπέτα","lemma":"ὠκυπέτης","morphology":"accusative dual masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"swift-flying"},{"surface":"χρυσέῃσιν","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἐθείρῃσιν","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"ἐθείρῃσιν","lemma":"ἔθειρα","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of κομόωντε","gloss":"manes"},{"surface":"κομόωντε","lemma":"κομάω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative dual masculine","role":"modifies","gloss":"with streaming manes"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"b13-l25","source":"χρυσὸν δʼ αὐτὸς ἔδυνε περὶ χροΐ, γέντο δʼ ἱμάσθλην","translation":"he clothed his own body round in gold and took","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l25.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χρυσὸν","lemma":"χρυσός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔδυνε","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ἔδυνε","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"clothed"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"χροΐ","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"γέντο","lemma":"γέντο","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took","note":"epic aorist middle form functioning like took up for himself."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἱμάσθλην","lemma":"ἱμάσθλη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of γέντο","gloss":"the whip"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"b13-l26","source":"χρυσείην εὔτυκτον, ἑοῦ δʼ ἐπεβήσετο δίφρου,","translation":"his well-made golden whip, then mounted his chariot,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l26.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χρυσείην","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"εὔτυκτον","lemma":"εὔτυκτος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"well-made"},{"surface":"ἑοῦ","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δίφρου","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεβήσετο","lemma":"ἐπιβαίνω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"mounted"},{"surface":"δίφρου","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπεβήσετο","gloss":"chariot"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"b13-l27","source":"βῆ δʼ ἐλάαν ἐπὶ κύματʼ· ἄταλλε δὲ κήτεʼ ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ","translation":"and drove over the waves; and sea-creatures played beneath him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l27.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐλάαν","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"to drive"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"κύματ","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"over the waves"},{"surface":"ἄταλλε","lemma":"ἀτάλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"played"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κήτε","lemma":"κῆτος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἄταλλε","gloss":"sea-creatures"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ὑπ̓","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"b13-l28","source":"πάντοθεν ἐκ κευθμῶν, οὐδʼ ἠγνοίησεν ἄνακτα·","translation":"from every side out of their hiding-places, nor did they fail to know their lord;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l28.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"οὐδʼ ἠγνοίησεν ἄνακτα","title":"They knew their lord","body":"The negative phrase says the sea-creatures did not fail to recognize Poseidon. Homer stresses their immediate recognition rather than making the line about ignorance first and knowledge second."}],"words":[{"surface":"πάντοθεν","lemma":"πάντοθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄταλλε","gloss":"from every side"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"κευθμῶν","lemma":"κευθμός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"hiding-places"},{"surface":"ἠγνοίησεν","lemma":"ἀγνοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"failed to know"},{"surface":"ἄνακτα","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠγνοίησεν","gloss":"their lord"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"b13-l29","source":"γηθοσύνῃ δὲ θάλασσα διίστατο· τοὶ δὲ πέτοντο","translation":"and in gladness the sea parted; and they flew","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l29.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γηθοσύνῃ","lemma":"γηθοσύνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to διίστατο","gloss":"in gladness"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"θάλασσα","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of διίστατο","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"διίστατο","lemma":"διίστημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"parted"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πέτοντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"πέτοντο","lemma":"πέτομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flew"}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"b13-l30","source":"ῥίμφα μάλʼ, οὐδʼ ὑπένερθε διαίνετο χάλκεος ἄξων·","translation":"very swiftly, nor was the bronze axle wet beneath.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l30.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥίμφα","lemma":"ῥίμφα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πέτοντο","gloss":"very swiftly"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ὑπένερθε","lemma":"ὑπένερθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διαίνετο","gloss":"beneath it"},{"surface":"διαίνετο","lemma":"διαίνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was wet"},{"surface":"χάλκεος","lemma":"χάλκεος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄξων","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ἄξων","lemma":"ἄξων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of διαίνετο","gloss":"axle"}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"b13-l31","source":"τὸν δʼ ἐς Ἀχαιῶν νῆας ἐΰσκαρθμοι φέρον ἵπποι.","translation":"And his sure-footed horses bore him to the ships of the Achaeans.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l31.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of φέρον","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"Achaeans"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐΰσκαρθμοι","lemma":"εὔσκαρθμος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"well-fitted"},{"surface":"φέρον","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bore him"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of φέρον","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":32,"label":"32","id":"b13-l32","source":"ἔστι δέ τι σπέος εὐρὺ βαθείης βένθεσι λίμνης","translation":"There is a certain broad cave in the depths of the sea","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l32.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there is"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies σπέος","gloss":"a certain"},{"surface":"σπέος","lemma":"σπέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔστι","gloss":"cave"},{"surface":"εὐρὺ","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σπέος","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"βαθείης","lemma":"βαθύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies λίμνης","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"βένθεσι","lemma":"βένθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἔστι","gloss":"depths"},{"surface":"λίμνης","lemma":"λίμνη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies βένθεσι","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":33,"label":"33","id":"b13-l33","source":"μεσσηγὺς Τενέδοιο καὶ Ἴμβρου παιπαλοέσσης·","translation":"midway between Tenedos and rugged Imbros;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l33.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μεσσηγὺς","lemma":"μεσηγύ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"midway between"},{"surface":"Τενέδοιο","lemma":"Τένεδος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"Tenedos"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἴμβρου","lemma":"Ἴμβρος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"Imbros"},{"surface":"παιπαλοέσσης","lemma":"παιπαλόεις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἴμβρου","gloss":"rugged"}]},{"number":34,"label":"34","id":"b13-l34","source":"ἔνθʼ ἵππους ἔστησε Ποσειδάων ἐνοσίχθων","translation":"there Poseidon the earth-shaker halted his horses,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l34.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔστησε","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔστησε","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"ἔστησε","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"halted"},{"surface":"Ποσειδάων","lemma":"Ποσειδεών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"Poseidon"},{"surface":"ἐνοσίχθων","lemma":"Ἐνοσίχθων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ποσειδάων","gloss":"Earth-shaker"}]},{"number":35,"label":"35","id":"b13-l35","source":"λύσας ἐξ ὀχέων, παρὰ δʼ ἀμβρόσιον βάλεν εἶδαρ","translation":"loosed them from the chariot, and cast before them ambrosial fodder","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l35.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λύσας","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔστησε","gloss":"having loosed"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὀχέων","lemma":"ὄχος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"before them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀμβρόσιον","lemma":"ἀμβρόσιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies εἶδαρ","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"βάλεν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"εἶδαρ","lemma":"εἶδαρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of βάλεν","gloss":"food"}]},{"number":36,"label":"36","id":"b13-l36","source":"ἔδμεναι· ἀμφὶ δὲ ποσσὶ πέδας ἔβαλε χρυσείας","translation":"to eat; and around their feet he cast golden shackles,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l36.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔδμεναι","lemma":"ἔδω","morphology":"active infinitive","role":"adverbial to βάλεν","gloss":"to eat"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ποσσὶ","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφὶ","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"πέδας","lemma":"πέδη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔβαλε","gloss":"yoke-bands"},{"surface":"ἔβαλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"χρυσείας","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"golden"}]},{"number":37,"label":"37","id":"b13-l37","source":"ἀρρήκτους ἀλύτους, ὄφρʼ ἔμπεδον αὖθι μένοιεν","translation":"unbreakable and unloosenable, so that they might stay there fixed in place","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l37.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀρρήκτους","lemma":"ἄρρηκτος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"unbreakable"},{"surface":"ἀλύτους","lemma":"ἄλυτος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"indissoluble"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἔμπεδον","lemma":"ἔμπεδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to μένοιεν","gloss":"fixed in place"},{"surface":"αὖθι","lemma":"αὖθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of μένοιεν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"μένοιεν","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφῤ","gloss":"stay"}]},{"number":38,"label":"38","id":"b13-l38","source":"νοστήσαντα ἄνακτα· ὃ δʼ ἐς στρατὸν ᾤχετʼ Ἀχαιῶν.","translation":"awaiting their lord's return; and he went toward the host of the Achaeans.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l38.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νοστήσαντα","lemma":"νοστέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"returning"},{"surface":"ἄνακτα","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μένοιεν","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ᾤχετ̓","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"στρατὸν","lemma":"στρατός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"host"},{"surface":"ᾤχετ","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies στρατὸν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":39,"label":"39","id":"b13-l39","source":"Τρῶες δὲ φλογὶ ἶσοι ἀολλέες ἠὲ θυέλλῃ","translation":"The Trojans, equal to fire or storm-wind,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l39.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕποντο","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"φλογὶ","lemma":"φλόξ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἠὲ","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"ἶσοι","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"equal"},{"surface":"ἀολλέες","lemma":"ἀολλής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"in close array"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἠέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"θυέλλῃ","lemma":"θύελλα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἠὲ","gloss":"stormwind"}]},{"number":40,"label":"40","id":"b13-l40","source":"Ἕκτορι Πριαμίδῃ ἄμοτον μεμαῶτες ἕποντο","translation":"followed Hector, son of Priam, in close array,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l40.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορι","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕποντο","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"Πριαμίδῃ","lemma":"Πριαμίδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἕκτορι","gloss":"Priam's son"},{"surface":"ἄμοτον","lemma":"ἄμοτον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μεμαῶτες","gloss":"without cease"},{"surface":"μεμαῶτες","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕποντο","gloss":"eager"},{"surface":"ἕποντο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"}]},{"number":41,"label":"41","id":"b13-l41","source":"ἄβρομοι αὐΐαχοι· ἔλποντο δὲ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"unshaken, crying aloud; and they hoped the ships of the Achaeans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l41.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄβρομοι","lemma":"ἄβρομος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unyielding"},{"surface":"αὐΐαχοι","lemma":"αὐίαχος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"crying aloud"},{"surface":"ἔλποντο","lemma":"ἔλπω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"expected"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of αἱρήσειν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":42,"label":"42","id":"b13-l42","source":"αἱρήσειν, κτενέειν δὲ παρʼ αὐτόθι πάντας ἀρίστους.","translation":"to take, and there beside them kill all the best men.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l42.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἱρήσειν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"take"},{"surface":"κτενέειν","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"kill"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"adverbial to κτενέειν","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"αὐτόθι","lemma":"αὐτόθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κτενέειν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀρίστους","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀρίστους","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of κτενέειν","gloss":"best"}]},{"number":43,"label":"43","id":"b13-l43","source":"ἀλλὰ Ποσειδάων γαιήοχος ἐννοσίγαιος","translation":"But Poseidon the earth-holder, the Earth-shaker,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l43.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ποσειδάων","lemma":"Ποσειδεών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὄτρυνε","gloss":"Poseidon"},{"surface":"γαιήοχος","lemma":"γαιήοχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ποσειδάων","gloss":"earth-holder"},{"surface":"ἐννοσίγαιος","lemma":"̓ἐννοσίγαιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ποσειδάων","gloss":"earth-shaker"}]},{"number":44,"label":"44","id":"b13-l44","source":"Ἀργείους ὄτρυνε βαθείης ἐξ ἁλὸς ἐλθὼν","translation":"was stirring the Argives, coming up out of the deep sea,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l44.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργείους","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ὄτρυνε","gloss":"Argives"},{"surface":"ὄτρυνε","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"roused"},{"surface":"βαθείης","lemma":"βαθύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἁλὸς","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἁλὸς","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"ἐλθὼν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὄτρυνε","gloss":"coming up"}]},{"number":45,"label":"45","id":"b13-l45","source":"εἰσάμενος Κάλχαντι δέμας καὶ ἀτειρέα φωνήν·","translation":"taking on the shape and the tireless voice of Calchas.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l45.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰσάμενος","lemma":"εἴδομαι","morphology":"aorist participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὄτρυνε","gloss":"taking on"},{"surface":"Κάλχαντι","lemma":"Κάλχας","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἰσάμενος","gloss":"Calchas"},{"surface":"δέμας","lemma":"δέμας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"form"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀτειρέα","lemma":"ἀτειρής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies φωνήν","gloss":"untiring"},{"surface":"φωνήν","lemma":"φωνή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"voice"}]},{"number":46,"label":"46","id":"b13-l46","source":"Αἴαντε πρώτω προσέφη μεμαῶτε καὶ αὐτώ·","translation":"First he spoke to the two Ajaxes, eager though both already were:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l46.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἴαντε","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"accusative dual masculine noun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"Ajaxes"},{"surface":"πρώτω","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative dual masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke to"},{"surface":"μεμαῶτε","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative dual masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"eager"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτώ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative dual masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"both"}]},{"number":47,"label":"47","id":"b13-l47","source":"Αἴαντε σφὼ μέν τε σαώσετε λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"\"Ajaxes, you two will save the people of the Achaeans","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l47.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Αἴαντε σφὼ","title":"The pair is explicit","body":"The noun and pronoun together mark exactly two men, the greater and lesser Ajax. Homer keeps the pair grammatically sharp when Poseidon makes them the hinge of the defense."}],"words":[{"surface":"Αἴαντε","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"vocative dual masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Ajaxes"},{"surface":"σφὼ","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of σαώσετε","gloss":"you two"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"swoops away"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σαώσετε","lemma":"σώζω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will save"},{"surface":"λαὸν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of σαώσετε","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies λαὸν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":48,"label":"48","id":"b13-l48","source":"ἀλκῆς μνησαμένω, μὴ δὲ κρυεροῖο φόβοιο.","translation":"if you remember your might, and not chill panic.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l48.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλκῆς","lemma":"ἀλκή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"might"},{"surface":"μνησαμένω","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to σαώσετε","gloss":"remembering"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κρυεροῖο","lemma":"κρυερός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies φόβοιο","gloss":"chill"},{"surface":"φόβοιο","lemma":"φόβος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"fear"}]},{"number":49,"label":"49","id":"b13-l49","source":"ἄλλῃ μὲν γὰρ ἔγωγʼ οὐ δείδια χεῖρας ἀάπτους","translation":"In other quarters I do not fear the irresistible hands","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l49.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλῃ","lemma":"ἄλλῃ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δείδια","gloss":"elsewhere"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔγωγ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δείδια","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δείδια","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I fear"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of δείδια","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἀάπτους","lemma":"ἄαπτος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χεῖρας","gloss":"irresistible"}]},{"number":50,"label":"50","id":"b13-l50","source":"Τρώων, οἳ μέγα τεῖχος ὑπερκατέβησαν ὁμίλῳ·","translation":"of the Trojans, who in their throng have crossed the great wall;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l50.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies χεῖρας","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὑπερκατέβησαν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεῖχος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"τεῖχος","lemma":"τεῖχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὑπερκατέβησαν","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"ὑπερκατέβησαν","lemma":"ὑπερκαταβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Τρώων","gloss":"crossed over"},{"surface":"ὁμίλῳ","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπερκατέβησαν","gloss":"throng"}]},{"number":51,"label":"51","id":"b13-l51","source":"ἕξουσιν γὰρ πάντας ἐϋκνήμιδες Ἀχαιοί·","translation":"for the well-greaved Achaeans will hold them all in check.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l51.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕξουσιν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will hold"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἕξουσιν","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐϋκνήμιδες","lemma":"ἐυκνήμις","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοί","gloss":"well-greaved"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἕξουσιν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":52,"label":"52","id":"b13-l52","source":"τῇ δὲ δὴ αἰνότατον περιδείδια μή τι πάθωμεν,","translation":"But there indeed I dread most terribly lest we suffer something,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l52.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to περιδείδια","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"αἰνότατον","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter superlative adjective","role":"adverbial to περιδείδια","gloss":"most dreadfully"},{"surface":"περιδείδια","lemma":"περιδείδω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I dread"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of πάθωμεν","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"πάθωμεν","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"object of περιδείδια","gloss":"we suffer"}]},{"number":53,"label":"53","id":"b13-l53","source":"ᾗ ῥʼ ὅ γʼ ὁ λυσσώδης φλογὶ εἴκελος ἡγεμονεύει","translation":"where that madman, like a flame, leads them on,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l53.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ᾗ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἡγεμονεύει","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"that one"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies λυσσώδης","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"λυσσώδης","lemma":"λυσσώδης","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"madly raging"},{"surface":"φλογὶ","lemma":"φλόξ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies εἴκελος","gloss":"flame"},{"surface":"εἴκελος","lemma":"εἴκελος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ἡγεμονεύει","lemma":"ἡγεμονεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τῇ","gloss":"leads"}]},{"number":54,"label":"54","id":"b13-l54","source":"Ἕκτωρ, ὃς Διὸς εὔχετʼ ἐρισθενέος πάϊς εἶναι.","translation":"Hector, who boasts he is the son of Zeus, mighty in strength.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l54.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εὔχετ̓","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"εὔχετ","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"boasts"},{"surface":"ἐρισθενέος","lemma":"ἐρισθενής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"πάϊς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of εὔχετ̓","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":55,"label":"55","id":"b13-l55","source":"σφῶϊν δʼ ὧδε θεῶν τις ἐνὶ φρεσὶ ποιήσειεν","translation":"May some god put this in the hearts of you two,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l55.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σφῶϊν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative dual pronoun","role":"object of ποιήσειεν","gloss":"you two"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ποιήσειεν","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ποιήσειεν","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"in your hearts"},{"surface":"ποιήσειεν","lemma":"ποιέω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may put"}]},{"number":56,"label":"56","id":"b13-l56","source":"αὐτώ θʼ ἑστάμεναι κρατερῶς καὶ ἀνωγέμεν ἄλλους·","translation":"both to stand fast yourselves and to urge on others;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l56.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτώ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative dual masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yourselves both"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑστάμεναι","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"perfect active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"κρατερῶς","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἑστάμεναι","gloss":"steadfastly"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνωγέμεν","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"perfect active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"urge on"},{"surface":"ἄλλους","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀνωγέμεν","gloss":"others"}]},{"number":57,"label":"57","id":"b13-l57","source":"τώ κε καὶ ἐσσύμενόν περ ἐρωήσαιτʼ ἀπὸ νηῶν","translation":"then even from the swift ships you would drive him back","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l57.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τώ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐρωήσαιτ̓","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἐσσύμενόν","lemma":"σεύω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"rushing on"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐρωήσαιτ","lemma":"ἐρωέω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drive back"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"ships"}]},{"number":58,"label":"58","id":"b13-l58","source":"ὠκυπόρων, εἰ καί μιν Ὀλύμπιος αὐτὸς ἐγείρει.","translation":"though he rushes on, even if Olympian Zeus himself rouses him.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l58.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὠκυπόρων","lemma":"ὠκύπορος","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῶν","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"even if"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐγείρει","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"Ὀλύμπιος","lemma":"Ὀλύμπιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐγείρει","gloss":"Olympian"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ἐγείρει","lemma":"ἐγείρω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"arouses him"}]},{"number":59,"label":"59","id":"b13-l59","source":"ἦ καὶ σκηπανίῳ γαιήοχος ἐννοσίγαιος","translation":"So saying, Poseidon the earth-holder, the Earth-shaker,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l59.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"so saying"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σκηπανίῳ","lemma":"σκηπάνιον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to πλῆσεν","gloss":"with his staff"},{"surface":"γαιήοχος","lemma":"γαιήοχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐννοσίγαιος","gloss":"earth-holder"},{"surface":"ἐννοσίγαιος","lemma":"̓ἐννοσίγαιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"earth-shaker"}]},{"number":60,"label":"60","id":"b13-l60","source":"ἀμφοτέρω κεκοπὼς  πλῆσεν μένεος κρατεροῖο,","translation":"striking both with his staff, filled them with mighty valor,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l60.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"κεκοπὼς","title":"Perfect participle","body":"κεκοπώς is a perfect participle, showing Poseidon as having already struck the two men with the staff before the line moves on to its effect. The completed divine action stands behind the new strength he gives them."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφοτέρω","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"accusative dual masculine adjective","role":"object of πλῆσεν","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"πλῆσεν","lemma":"πίμπλημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"filled"},{"surface":"μένεος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of πλῆσεν","gloss":"force"},{"surface":"κρατεροῖο","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μένεος","gloss":"mighty"}]},{"number":61,"label":"61","id":"b13-l61","source":"γυῖα δʼ ἔθηκεν ἐλαφρὰ πόδας καὶ χεῖρας ὕπερθεν.","translation":"and made their limbs light, both their feet and hands above.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l61.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γυῖα","lemma":"γυῖον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"limbs"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔθηκεν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"ἐλαφρὰ","lemma":"ἐλαφρός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"complement of ἔθηκεν","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"πόδας","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ὕπερθεν","lemma":"ὕπερθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"from above"}]},{"number":62,"label":"62","id":"b13-l62","source":"αὐτὸς δʼ ὥς τʼ ἴρηξ ὠκύπτερος ὦρτο πέτεσθαι,","translation":"Then he himself sprang away like a swift-winged hawk in flight,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l62.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὦρτο","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴρηξ","lemma":"ἱέραξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὦρτο","gloss":"hawk"},{"surface":"ὠκύπτερος","lemma":"ὠκύπτερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἴρηξ","gloss":"swift-winged"},{"surface":"ὦρτο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἤϊξε","gloss":"sprang"},{"surface":"πέτεσθαι","lemma":"πέτομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to ὦρτο","gloss":"to fly"}]},{"number":63,"label":"63","id":"b13-l63","source":"ὅς ῥά τʼ ἀπʼ αἰγίλιπος πέτρης περιμήκεος ἀρθεὶς","translation":"one that, rising from a lofty crag on a steep cliff,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l63.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὁρμήσῃ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"αἰγίλιπος","lemma":"αἰγίλιψ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies πέτρης","gloss":"sheer"},{"surface":"πέτρης","lemma":"πέτρα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπ̓","gloss":"from the crag"},{"surface":"περιμήκεος","lemma":"περιμήκης","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πέτρης","gloss":"towering"},{"surface":"ἀρθεὶς","lemma":"αἴρω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὁρμήσῃ","gloss":"rising"}]},{"number":64,"label":"64","id":"b13-l64","source":"ὁρμήσῃ πεδίοιο διώκειν ὄρνεον ἄλλο,","translation":"darts across the plain to chase another bird,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l64.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὁρμήσῃ","lemma":"ὁρμάω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἴρηξ","gloss":"darts"},{"surface":"πεδίοιο","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὁρμήσῃ","gloss":"plain"},{"surface":"διώκειν","lemma":"διώκω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to ὁρμήσῃ","gloss":"to chase"},{"surface":"ὄρνεον","lemma":"ὄρνεον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of διώκειν","gloss":"bird"},{"surface":"ἄλλο","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"another"}]},{"number":65,"label":"65","id":"b13-l65","source":"ὣς ἀπὸ τῶν ἤϊξε Ποσειδάων ἐνοσίχθων.","translation":"so from them sprang Poseidon the Earth-shaker.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l65.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤϊξε","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"of them"},{"surface":"ἤϊξε","lemma":"ἀίσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sprang away"},{"surface":"Ποσειδάων","lemma":"Ποσειδεών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤϊξε","gloss":"Poseidon"},{"surface":"ἐνοσίχθων","lemma":"Ἐνοσίχθων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ποσειδάων","gloss":"Earth-shaker"}]},{"number":66,"label":"66","id":"b13-l66","source":"τοῖιν δʼ ἔγνω πρόσθεν Ὀϊλῆος ταχὺς Αἴας,","translation":"The first of the two to know him was swift Ajax, son of Oileus,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l66.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive dual masculine pronoun","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"of the two"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔγνω","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"πρόσθεν","lemma":"πρόσθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔγνω","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"Ὀϊλῆος","lemma":"Ὀϊλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"Oileus"},{"surface":"ταχὺς","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"Ajax"}]},{"number":67,"label":"67","id":"b13-l67","source":"αἶψα δʼ ἄρʼ Αἴαντα προσέφη Τελαμώνιον υἱόν·","translation":"and at once he spoke to Ajax, son of Telamon:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l67.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Αἴαντα","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"Τελαμώνιον","lemma":"Τελαμών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱόν","gloss":"Telamon"},{"surface":"υἱόν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":68,"label":"68","id":"b13-l68","source":"Αἶαν ἐπεί τις νῶϊ θεῶν οἳ Ὄλυμπον ἔχουσι","translation":"\"Ajax, since one of the gods who hold Olympus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l68.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἶαν","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κέλεται","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"νῶϊ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μάχεσθαι","gloss":"we two"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔχουσι","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"Ὄλυμπον","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχουσι","gloss":"Olympus"},{"surface":"ἔχουσι","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing θεῶν","gloss":"hold"}]},{"number":69,"label":"69","id":"b13-l69","source":"μάντεϊ εἰδόμενος κέλεται παρὰ νηυσὶ μάχεσθαι,","translation":"in the likeness of a seer commands us to fight beside the ships,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l69.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μάντεϊ","lemma":"μάντις","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἰδόμενος","gloss":"seer"},{"surface":"εἰδόμενος","lemma":"εἴδομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κέλεται","gloss":"in likeness"},{"surface":"κέλεται","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"commands"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of κέλεται","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":70,"label":"70","id":"b13-l70","source":"οὐδʼ ὅ γε Κάλχας ἐστὶ θεοπρόπος οἰωνιστής·","translation":"that man is not Calchas the prophet and reader of birds;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l70.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θεοπρόπος οἰωνιστής","title":"Prophet and bird-reader","body":"θεοπρόπος marks one who speaks divine signs, while οἰωνιστής points more specifically to reading bird-omens. The double title gives Calchas the full authority of a professional seer."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐστὶ","gloss":"that man"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"Κάλχας","lemma":"Κάλχας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"Calchas"},{"surface":"ἐστὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"θεοπρόπος","lemma":"θεοπρόπος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἰωνιστής","gloss":"prophet"},{"surface":"οἰωνιστής","lemma":"οἰωνιστής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"bird-seer"}]},{"number":71,"label":"71","id":"b13-l71","source":"ἴχνια γὰρ μετόπισθε ποδῶν ἠδὲ κνημάων","translation":"for easily I knew the marks of his feet and shins","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l71.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἴχνια","lemma":"ἴχνιον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔγνων","gloss":"tracks"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μετόπισθε","lemma":"μετόπισθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔγνων","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"ποδῶν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κνημάων","lemma":"κνήμη","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"shins"}]},{"number":72,"label":"72","id":"b13-l72","source":"ῥεῖʼ ἔγνων ἀπιόντος· ἀρίγνωτοι δὲ θεοί περ·","translation":"as he went away; and the gods are easy indeed to know.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l72.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥεῖ","lemma":"ῥεῖα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔγνων","gloss":"easily"},{"surface":"ἔγνων","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"ἀπιόντος","lemma":"ἄπειμι","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"going away"},{"surface":"ἀρίγνωτοι","lemma":"ἀρίγνωτος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"easy to know"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"θεοί","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":73,"label":"73","id":"b13-l73","source":"καὶ δʼ ἐμοὶ αὐτῷ θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσι φίλοισι","translation":"And within my own breast the heart in me more","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l73.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies θυμὸς","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐφορμᾶται","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσι","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐνὶ","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"φίλοισι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies στήθεσσι","gloss":"dear"}]},{"number":74,"label":"74","id":"b13-l74","source":"μᾶλλον ἐφορμᾶται πολεμίζειν ἠδὲ μάχεσθαι,","translation":"rushes on to war and to battle,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l74.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μᾶλλον","lemma":"μᾶλλον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐφορμᾶται","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"ἐφορμᾶται","lemma":"ἐφορμάω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rushes on"},{"surface":"πολεμίζειν","lemma":"πολεμίζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"fight"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"to battle"}]},{"number":75,"label":"75","id":"b13-l75","source":"μαιμώωσι δʼ ἔνερθε πόδες καὶ χεῖρες ὕπερθε.","translation":"and beneath me my feet are eager, and above my hands.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l75.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μαιμώωσι","lemma":"μαιμάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are eager"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔνερθε","lemma":"ἔνερθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"below"},{"surface":"πόδες","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χεῖρες","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ὕπερθε","lemma":"ὕπερθεν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"above"}]},{"number":76,"label":"76","id":"b13-l76","source":"τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη Τελαμώνιος Αἴας·","translation":"Then Telamonian Ajax answered him and said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l76.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"Τελαμώνιος","lemma":"Τελαμών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"Telamon"},{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Ajax"}]},{"number":77,"label":"77","id":"b13-l77","source":"οὕτω νῦν καὶ ἐμοὶ περὶ δούρατι χεῖρες ἄαπτοι","translation":"\"So now for me too around the spear my irresistible hands","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l77.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"χεῖρες ἄαπτοι","title":"Hands that cannot be checked","body":"The phrase means hands not to be laid hold of or resisted. The sense is overwhelming force in action, not a vague compliment to courage."}],"words":[{"surface":"οὕτω","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies χεῖρες","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δούρατι","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"χεῖρες","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of μαιμῶσιν","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἄαπτοι","lemma":"ἄαπτος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χεῖρες","gloss":"irresistible"}]},{"number":78,"label":"78","id":"b13-l78","source":"μαιμῶσιν, καί μοι μένος ὤρορε, νέρθε δὲ ποσσὶν","translation":"are eager, and my strength has risen, and beneath my feet","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l78.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μαιμῶσιν","lemma":"μαιμάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are eager"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ὤρορε","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"ὤρορε","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has risen"},{"surface":"νέρθε","lemma":"νέρθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσσυμαι","gloss":"below"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ποσσὶν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔσσυμαι","gloss":"feet"}]},{"number":79,"label":"79","id":"b13-l79","source":"ἔσσυμαι ἀμφοτέροισι· μενοινώω δὲ καὶ οἶος","translation":"I am quick with both of them; and I long even alone","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l79.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσσυμαι","lemma":"σεύω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"am eager"},{"surface":"ἀμφοτέροισι","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποσσὶν","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"μενοινώω","lemma":"μενοινάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"οἶος","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"}]},{"number":80,"label":"80","id":"b13-l80","source":"Ἕκτορι Πριαμίδῃ ἄμοτον μεμαῶτι μάχεσθαι.","translation":"to fight Hector son of Priam, eager beyond measure.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l80.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορι","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μάχεσθαι","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"Πριαμίδῃ","lemma":"Πριαμίδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἕκτορι","gloss":"Priam's son"},{"surface":"ἄμοτον","lemma":"ἄμοτον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μεμαῶτι","gloss":"beyond measure"},{"surface":"μεμαῶτι","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"eager"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of μενοινώω","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":81,"label":"81","id":"b13-l81","source":"ὣς οἳ μὲν τοιαῦτα πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἀγόρευον","translation":"So they spoke such words to one another,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l81.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγόρευον","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀγόρευον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"τοιαῦτα","lemma":"τοιοῦτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀγόρευον","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to one another"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλους","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"ἀγόρευον","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":82,"label":"82","id":"b13-l82","source":"χάρμῃ γηθόσυνοι, τήν σφιν θεὸς ἔμβαλε θυμῷ·","translation":"rejoicing in the delight for battle that the god had cast into their hearts.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l82.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χάρμῃ","lemma":"χάρμη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of γηθόσυνοι","gloss":"battle joy"},{"surface":"γηθόσυνοι","lemma":"γηθόσυνος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"rejoicing"},{"surface":"τήν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἔμβαλε","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔμβαλε","gloss":"into them"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔμβαλε","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"ἔμβαλε","lemma":"ἐμβάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing χάρμῃ","gloss":"cast into"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔμβαλε","gloss":"hearts"}]},{"number":83,"label":"83","id":"b13-l83","source":"τόφρα δὲ τοὺς ὄπιθεν γαιήοχος ὦρσεν Ἀχαιούς,","translation":"Meanwhile the earth-holder roused the Achaeans in the rear,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l83.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόφρα","lemma":"τόφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὦρσεν","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine article","role":"modifies Ἀχαιούς","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ὄπιθεν","lemma":"ὄπισθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὦρσεν","gloss":"in the rear"},{"surface":"γαιήοχος","lemma":"γαιήοχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ὦρσεν","gloss":"earth-holder"},{"surface":"ὦρσεν","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stirred"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ὦρσεν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":84,"label":"84","id":"b13-l84","source":"οἳ παρὰ νηυσὶ θοῇσιν ἀνέψυχον φίλον ἦτορ.","translation":"who beside the swift ships were taking breath in their dear hearts.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l84.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀνέψυχον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"θοῇσιν","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶ","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἀνέψυχον","lemma":"ἀναψύχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἀχαιούς","gloss":"took heart"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦτορ","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀνέψυχον","gloss":"spirit"}]},{"number":85,"label":"85","id":"b13-l85","source":"τῶν ῥʼ ἅμα τʼ ἀργαλέῳ καμάτῳ φίλα γυῖα λέλυντο,","translation":"Their limbs had been loosened with grievous toil,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l85.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"λέλυντο","title":"A state of collapse","body":"λέλυντο is perfect, presenting the men as already in the state of having their limbs undone. Homer marks not just a momentary effort but an exhausted condition after sustained fighting."}],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine article","role":"modifies γυῖα","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀργαλέῳ","lemma":"ἀργαλέος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies καμάτῳ","gloss":"grievous"},{"surface":"καμάτῳ","lemma":"κάματος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἅμα","gloss":"weariness"},{"surface":"φίλα","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies γυῖα","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"γυῖα","lemma":"γυῖον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of καμάτῳ","gloss":"limbs"},{"surface":"λέλυντο","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had been loosened"}]},{"number":86,"label":"86","id":"b13-l86","source":"καί σφιν ἄχος κατὰ θυμὸν ἐγίγνετο δερκομένοισι","translation":"and grief came upon their hearts as they looked on","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l86.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐγίγνετο","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"ἄχος","lemma":"ἄχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐγίγνετο","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐγίγνετο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"δερκομένοισι","lemma":"δέρκομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"looking on"}]},{"number":87,"label":"87","id":"b13-l87","source":"Τρῶας, τοὶ μέγα τεῖχος ὑπερκατέβησαν ὁμίλῳ.","translation":"the Trojans, who in their throng had crossed the great wall.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l87.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶας","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δερκομένοισι","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὑπερκατέβησαν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεῖχος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"τεῖχος","lemma":"τεῖχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὑπερκατέβησαν","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"ὑπερκατέβησαν","lemma":"ὑπερκαταβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Τρῶας","gloss":"crossed over"},{"surface":"ὁμίλῳ","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπερκατέβησαν","gloss":"throng"}]},{"number":88,"label":"88","id":"b13-l88","source":"τοὺς οἵ γʼ εἰσορόωντες ὑπʼ ὀφρύσι δάκρυα λεῖβον·","translation":"Seeing them, they shed tears from beneath their brows;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l88.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἰσορόωντες","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of λεῖβον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"εἰσορόωντες","lemma":"εἰσοράω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to λεῖβον","gloss":"looking on"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"ὀφρύσι","lemma":"ὀφρύς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπ̓","gloss":"brows"},{"surface":"δάκρυα","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of λεῖβον","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"λεῖβον","lemma":"λείβω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shed"}]},{"number":89,"label":"89","id":"b13-l89","source":"οὐ γὰρ ἔφαν φεύξεσθαι ὑπʼ ἐκ κακοῦ· ἀλλʼ ἐνοσίχθων","translation":"for they did not think they would escape from ruin. But the Earth-shaker","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l89.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔφαν","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"φεύξεσθαι","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ἔφαν","gloss":"escape"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"κακοῦ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"ruin"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐνοσίχθων","lemma":"Ἐνοσίχθων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὄτρυνε","gloss":"Earth-shaker"}]},{"number":90,"label":"90","id":"b13-l90","source":"ῥεῖα μετεισάμενος κρατερὰς ὄτρυνε φάλαγγας.","translation":"moving easily among them roused the strong battalions.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l90.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥεῖα","lemma":"ῥεῖα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄτρυνε","gloss":"easily"},{"surface":"μετεισάμενος","lemma":"μεταίζω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὄτρυνε","gloss":"moving among them"},{"surface":"κρατερὰς","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φάλαγγας","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ὄτρυνε","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"roused"},{"surface":"φάλαγγας","lemma":"φάλαγξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὄτρυνε","gloss":"battalions"}]},{"number":91,"label":"91","id":"b13-l91","source":"Τεῦκρον ἔπι πρῶτον καὶ Λήϊτον ἦλθε κελεύων","translation":"First he came urging Teucer and Leitus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l91.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τεῦκρον","lemma":"τεῦκρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Teucer"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"πρῶτον","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Λήϊτον","lemma":"Λήϊτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἦλθε","gloss":"Leitus"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"κελεύων","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"urging"}]},{"number":92,"label":"92","id":"b13-l92","source":"Πηνέλεών θʼ ἥρωα Θόαντά τε Δηΐπυρόν τε","translation":"and the hero Peneleos and Thoas and Deipyrus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l92.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πηνέλεών","lemma":"Πηνέλεως","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Peneleos"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἥρωα","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πηνέλεών","gloss":"hero"},{"surface":"Θόαντά","lemma":"Θόας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Thoas"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Δηΐπυρόν","lemma":"Δηιπυρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Deipyrus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":93,"label":"93","id":"b13-l93","source":"Μηριόνην τε καὶ Ἀντίλοχον μήστωρας ἀϋτῆς·","translation":"and Meriones and Antilochus, masters of the war-cry;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l93.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μηριόνην","lemma":"Μηριόνης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Meriones"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀντίλοχον","lemma":"Ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Antilochus"},{"surface":"μήστωρας","lemma":"μήστωρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"masters"},{"surface":"ἀϋτῆς","lemma":"ἀυτή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies μήστωρας","gloss":"shout"}]},{"number":94,"label":"94","id":"b13-l94","source":"τοὺς ὅ γʼ ἐποτρύνων ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"urging them on, he addressed them with winged words:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l94.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα","title":"Winged words","body":"This is Homer's standing speech-formula. The words are winged because they fly from speaker to hearer at once, not because the speech is decorative or especially ornate."}],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of προσηύδα","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐποτρύνων","lemma":"ἐποτρύνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"urged on"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":95,"label":"95","id":"b13-l95","source":"αἰδὼς Ἀργεῖοι, κοῦροι νέοι· ὔμμιν ἔγωγε","translation":"\"Shame, Argives, young men; upon you indeed","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l95.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰδὼς","lemma":"αἰδώς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"shame"},{"surface":"Ἀργεῖοι","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Argives"},{"surface":"κοῦροι","lemma":"κόρος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"young men"},{"surface":"νέοι","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κοῦροι","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"ὔμμιν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative plural pronoun","role":"object of πέποιθα","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ἔγωγε","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πέποιθα","gloss":"I myself"}]},{"number":96,"label":"96","id":"b13-l96","source":"μαρναμένοισι πέποιθα σαωσέμεναι νέας ἁμάς·","translation":"fighting, I relied to save our ships.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l96.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μαρναμένοισι","lemma":"μάρναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"fighting"},{"surface":"πέποιθα","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I rely"},{"surface":"σαωσέμεναι","lemma":"σώζω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of πέποιθα","gloss":"save"},{"surface":"νέας","lemma":"νέα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of σαωσέμεναι","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἁμάς","lemma":"ἁμός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νέας","gloss":"our"}]},{"number":97,"label":"97","id":"b13-l97","source":"εἰ δʼ ὑμεῖς πολέμοιο μεθήσετε λευγαλέοιο,","translation":"But if you withdraw from dread battle,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l97.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὑμεῖς","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative plural pronoun","role":"subject of μεθήσετε","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of μεθήσετε","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"μεθήσετε","lemma":"μεθίημι","morphology":"future active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"withdraw"},{"surface":"λευγαλέοιο","lemma":"λευγαλέος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πολέμοιο","gloss":"woeful"}]},{"number":98,"label":"98","id":"b13-l98","source":"νῦν δὴ εἴδεται ἦμαρ ὑπὸ Τρώεσσι δαμῆναι.","translation":"now indeed the day is seen when we shall be subdued by the Trojans.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l98.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴδεται","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"εἴδεται","lemma":"εἴδομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is seen"},{"surface":"ἦμαρ","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of εἴδεται","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"δαμῆναι","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"modifies ἦμαρ","gloss":"overcome"}]},{"number":99,"label":"99","id":"b13-l99","source":"ὢ πόποι ἦ μέγα θαῦμα τόδʼ ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ὁρῶμαι","translation":"Ah me, truly a great wonder this my eyes behold,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l99.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὢ πόποι","title":"A cry of astonishment","body":"ὢ πόποι is an exclamation of shock or alarm, not calm narration. Poseidon frames the Trojan advance to the ships as something almost beyond belief."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὢ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ah me"},{"surface":"πόποι","lemma":"πόποι","morphology":"interjection","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"alas"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies θαῦμα","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"θαῦμα","lemma":"θαῦμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"wonder"},{"surface":"τόδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies θαῦμα","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμοῖσιν","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὁρῶμαι","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"ὁρῶμαι","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"see"}]},{"number":100,"label":"100","id":"b13-l100","source":"δεινόν, ὃ οὔ ποτʼ ἔγωγε τελευτήσεσθαι ἔφασκον,","translation":"a fearful thing, which I had never said would come to pass:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l100.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεινόν","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of τελευτήσεσθαι","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to τελευτήσεσθαι","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"ἔγωγε","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔφασκον","gloss":"I myself"},{"surface":"τελευτήσεσθαι","lemma":"τελευτάω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ἔφασκον","gloss":"come to pass"},{"surface":"ἔφασκον","lemma":"φάσκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"used to say"}]},{"number":101,"label":"101","id":"b13-l101","source":"Τρῶας ἐφʼ ἡμετέρας ἰέναι νέας, οἳ τὸ πάρος περ","translation":"the Trojans going against our ships, they who before this","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l101.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶας","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἰέναι","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ἐφ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"straight against"},{"surface":"ἡμετέρας","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νέας","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"ἰέναι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ,","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"νέας","lemma":"νέα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐφ̓","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐοίκεσαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter article","role":"modifies πάρος","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐοίκεσαν","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":102,"label":"102","id":"b13-l102","source":"φυζακινῇς ἐλάφοισιν ἐοίκεσαν, αἵ τε καθʼ ὕλην","translation":"were like fleeing deer, who through the forest","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l102.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φυζακινῇς","lemma":"φυζακινός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἐλάφοισιν","gloss":"fugitives"},{"surface":"ἐλάφοισιν","lemma":"ἔλαφος","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐοίκεσαν","gloss":"deer"},{"surface":"ἐοίκεσαν","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Τρῶας","gloss":"were like"},{"surface":"αἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of πέλονται","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καθ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"ὕλην","lemma":"ὕλη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καθ̓","gloss":"forest"}]},{"number":103,"label":"103","id":"b13-l103","source":"θώων παρδαλίων τε λύκων τʼ ἤϊα πέλονται","translation":"become the prey of jackals and leopards and wolves,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l103.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θώων","lemma":"θώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τ̓","gloss":"jackals"},{"surface":"παρδαλίων","lemma":"πάρδαλις","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies τ̓","gloss":"panthers"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λύκων","lemma":"λύκος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τ̓","gloss":"wolves"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤϊα","lemma":"ἤια","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"predicate 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particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"χάρμη","lemma":"χάρμη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"battle joy"}]},{"number":105,"label":"105","id":"b13-l105","source":"ὣς Τρῶες τὸ πρίν γε μένος καὶ χεῖρας Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"So the Trojans before this were not willing to await","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l105.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐθέλεσκον","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐθέλεσκον","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter article","role":"modifies πρίν","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"πρίν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐθέλεσκον","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at 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particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐθέλεσκον","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wish"},{"surface":"ἐναντίον","lemma":"ἐναντίον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"against them"},{"surface":"ἠβαιόν","lemma":"ἠβαιός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"at all"}]},{"number":107,"label":"107","id":"b13-l107","source":"νῦν δὲ ἑκὰς πόλιος κοίλῃς ἐπὶ νηυσὶ μάχονται","translation":"but now they fight far from the city, beside the hollow ships.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l107.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μάχονται","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἑκὰς","lemma":"ἑκάς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"far off"},{"surface":"πόλιος","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἑκὰς","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"κοίλῃς","lemma":"κοῖλος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶ","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"μάχονται","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fight"}]},{"number":108,"label":"108","id":"b13-l108","source":"ἡγεμόνος κακότητι μεθημοσύνῃσί τε λαῶν,","translation":"through the leader's failure and the slackness of the people,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l108.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡγεμόνος","lemma":"ἡγεμών","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κακότητι","gloss":"leader's"},{"surface":"κακότητι","lemma":"κακότης","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"cowardice"},{"surface":"μεθημοσύνῃσί","lemma":"μεθημοσύνη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"slackness"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies μεθημοσύνῃσί","gloss":"of the troops"}]},{"number":109,"label":"109","id":"b13-l109","source":"οἳ κείνῳ ἐρίσαντες ἀμυνέμεν οὐκ ἐθέλουσι","translation":"who in anger with him are not willing to ward off","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l109.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of 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—×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l110.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀμυνέμεν","gloss":"from the ships"},{"surface":"ὠκυπόρων","lemma":"ὠκύπορος","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῶν","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κτείνονται","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀλλὰ","gloss":"are slain"},{"surface":"ἀν","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"αὐτάς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀν̓","gloss":"beside them"}]},{"number":111,"label":"111","id":"b13-l111","source":"ἀλλʼ εἰ δὴ καὶ πάμπαν ἐτήτυμον αἴτιός ἐστιν","translation":"But even if indeed he is altogether truly at fault,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l111.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"πάμπαν","lemma":"πάμπαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to αἴτιός","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"ἐτήτυμον","lemma":"ἐτήτυμος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to αἴτιός","gloss":"true"},{"surface":"αἴτιός","lemma":"αἴτιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"responsible"},{"surface":"ἐστιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":112,"label":"112","id":"b13-l112","source":"ἥρως Ἀτρεΐδης εὐρὺ κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων","translation":"the hero, son of Atreus, the wide-ruling lord Agamemnon,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l112.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥρως","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"hero"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδης","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"Atreus’ son"},{"surface":"εὐρὺ","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κρείων","gloss":"wide-ruling"},{"surface":"κρείων","lemma":"κρείων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐστιν","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":113,"label":"113","id":"b13-l113","source":"οὕνεκʼ ἀπητίμησε ποδώκεα Πηλεΐωνα,","translation":"because he dishonored swift-footed Achilles,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l113.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὕνεκ","lemma":"οὕνεκα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"ἀπητίμησε","lemma":"ἀπατιμάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to οὕνεκ̓","gloss":"dishonored"},{"surface":"ποδώκεα","lemma":"ποδώκης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πηλεΐωνα","gloss":"swift-footed"},{"surface":"Πηλεΐωνα","lemma":"Πηλείων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπητίμησε","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":114,"label":"114","id":"b13-l114","source":"ἡμέας γʼ οὔ πως ἔστι μεθιέμεναι πολέμοιο.","translation":"even so there is no way for us to cease from battle.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l114.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμέας","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μεθιέμεναι","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πως","lemma":"πως","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"ἔστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"μεθιέμεναι","lemma":"μεθίημι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject of ἔστι","gloss":"cease"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of μεθιέμεναι","gloss":"war"}]},{"number":115,"label":"115","id":"b13-l115","source":"ἀλλʼ ἀκεώμεθα θᾶσσον· ἀκεσταί τοι φρένες ἐσθλῶν.","translation":"But let us heal quickly; the hearts of brave men are curable.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l115.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀκεσταί τοι φρένες ἐσθλῶν","title":"Brave hearts can be healed","body":"Poseidon turns the language of medicine onto courage and morale. The thought is not sentimental: good men recover their fighting spirit quickly once they are stirred back into action."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀκεώμεθα","lemma":"ἀκέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heal"},{"surface":"θᾶσσον","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀκεώμεθα","gloss":"more quickly"},{"surface":"ἀκεσταί","lemma":"ἀκεστός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"can be healed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"φρένες","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"hearts"},{"surface":"ἐσθλῶν","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies φρένες","gloss":"brave men"}]},{"number":116,"label":"116","id":"b13-l116","source":"ὑμεῖς δʼ οὐκ ἔτι καλὰ μεθίετε θούριδος ἀλκῆς","translation":"You no longer do well to slacken your furious strength,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l116.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὑμεῖς","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative plural pronoun","role":"subject of μεθίετε","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"καλὰ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to μεθίετε","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"μεθίετε","lemma":"μεθίημι","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slacken"},{"surface":"θούριδος","lemma":"θοῦρις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀλκῆς","gloss":"furious"},{"surface":"ἀλκῆς","lemma":"ἀλκή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of μεθίετε","gloss":"strength"}]},{"number":117,"label":"117","id":"b13-l117","source":"πάντες ἄριστοι ἐόντες ἀνὰ στρατόν. οὐδʼ ἂν ἔγωγε","translation":"though you are the best men in all the host. I for my part","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l117.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὑμεῖς","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἄριστοι","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"ἐόντες","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to μεθίετε","gloss":"though you are"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"στρατόν","lemma":"στρατός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνὰ","gloss":"the host"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἔγωγε","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μαχεσσαίμην","gloss":"I myself"}]},{"number":118,"label":"118","id":"b13-l118","source":"ἀνδρὶ μαχεσσαίμην ὅς τις πολέμοιο μεθείη","translation":"would not rebuke a man who withdrew from battle","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l118.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρὶ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μαχεσσαίμην","gloss":"with a man"},{"surface":"μαχεσσαίμην","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would fight"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μεθείη","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of 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word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"νεμεσσῶμαι","lemma":"νεμεσάω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"am indignant"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"κῆρι","lemma":"κῆρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":120,"label":"120","id":"b13-l120","source":"ὦ πέπονες τάχα δή τι κακὸν ποιήσετε μεῖζον","translation":"My friends, soon by this slackness you will make something worse.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l120.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"πέπονες","lemma":"πέπων","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"my friends"},{"surface":"τάχα","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ποιήσετε","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies κακὸν","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ποιήσετε","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"ποιήσετε","lemma":"ποιέω","morphology":"future active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will make"},{"surface":"μεῖζον","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"modifies κακὸν","gloss":"greater"}]},{"number":121,"label":"121","id":"b13-l121","source":"τῇδε μεθημοσύνῃ· ἀλλʼ ἐν φρεσὶ θέσθε ἕκαστος","translation":"Set in your hearts each of you shame and indignation;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l121.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῇδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies μεθημοσύνῃ","gloss":"by this"},{"surface":"μεθημοσύνῃ","lemma":"μεθημοσύνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies μεῖζον","gloss":"slackness"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"in your hearts"},{"surface":"θέσθε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"ἕκαστος","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of θέσθε","gloss":"each one"}]},{"number":122,"label":"122","id":"b13-l122","source":"αἰδῶ καὶ νέμεσιν· δὴ γὰρ μέγα νεῖκος ὄρωρεν.","translation":"for now a great struggle has arisen.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l122.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰδῶ","lemma":"αἰδώς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"shame"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νέμεσιν","lemma":"νέμεσις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"indignation"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies νεῖκος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"νεῖκος","lemma":"νεῖκος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ὄρωρεν","gloss":"quarrel"},{"surface":"ὄρωρεν","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has arisen"}]},{"number":123,"label":"123","id":"b13-l123","source":"Ἕκτωρ δὴ παρὰ νηυσὶ βοὴν ἀγαθὸς πολεμίζει","translation":"\"Hector, good at the war-cry, fights beside the ships,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l123.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"βοὴν","lemma":"βοή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀγαθὸς","gloss":"war-cry"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὸς","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"brave"},{"surface":"πολεμίζει","lemma":"πολεμίζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fights"}]},{"number":124,"label":"124","id":"b13-l124","source":"καρτερός, ἔρρηξεν δὲ πύλας καὶ μακρὸν ὀχῆα.","translation":"powerful, and he has broken the gates and the long bar.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l124.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καρτερός","lemma":"καρτερός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"ἔρρηξεν","lemma":"ῥήγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has broken"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"πύλας","lemma":"πύλη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"gates"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μακρὸν","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀχῆα","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"ὀχῆα","lemma":"ὀχεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"bar"}]},{"number":125,"label":"125","id":"b13-l125","source":"ὥς ῥα κελευτιόων γαιήοχος ὦρσεν Ἀχαιούς.","translation":"So exhorting them, the Earth-shaker roused the Achaeans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l125.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"adverbial to κελευτιόων","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κελευτιόων","lemma":"κελευτιάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὦρσεν","gloss":"exhorting"},{"surface":"γαιήοχος","lemma":"γαιήοχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ὦρσεν","gloss":"earth-holder"},{"surface":"ὦρσεν","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stirred"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ὦρσεν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":126,"label":"126","id":"b13-l126","source":"ἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρʼ Αἴαντας δοιοὺς ἵσταντο φάλαγγες","translation":"Around the two Ajaxes battalions took their stand,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l126.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Αἴαντας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφὶ","gloss":"Ajaxes"},{"surface":"δοιοὺς","lemma":"δοιοί","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴαντας","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"ἵσταντο","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took their stand"},{"surface":"φάλαγγες","lemma":"φάλαγξ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἵσταντο","gloss":"battalions"}]},{"number":127,"label":"127","id":"b13-l127","source":"καρτεραί, ἃς οὔτʼ ἄν κεν Ἄρης ὀνόσαιτο μετελθὼν","translation":"strong battalions that not even Ares coming among them would despise,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l127.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καρτεραί","lemma":"καρτερός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φάλαγγες","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"ἃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of ὀνόσαιτο","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ἄν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"Ἄρης","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὀνόσαιτο","gloss":"Ares"},{"surface":"ὀνόσαιτο","lemma":"ὄνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τε","gloss":"despise"},{"surface":"μετελθὼν","lemma":"μετέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὀνόσαιτο","gloss":"coming among them"}]},{"number":128,"label":"128","id":"b13-l128","source":"οὔτε κʼ Ἀθηναίη λαοσσόος· οἳ γὰρ ἄριστοι","translation":"nor Athena, driver of the host; for they were the best men","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l128.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Athena"},{"surface":"λαοσσόος","lemma":"λαοσσόος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀθηναίη","gloss":"rouser of hosts"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἄριστοι","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἄριστοι","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἔμιμνον","gloss":"best"}]},{"number":129,"label":"129","id":"b13-l129","source":"κρινθέντες Τρῶάς τε καὶ Ἕκτορα δῖον ἔμιμνον,","translation":"chosen out to await the Trojans and noble Hector,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l129.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κρινθέντες","lemma":"κρίνω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔμιμνον","gloss":"chosen out"},{"surface":"Τρῶάς","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορα","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δῖον","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορα","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"ἔμιμνον","lemma":"μίμνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"awaited"}]},{"number":130,"label":"130","id":"b13-l130","source":"φράξαντες δόρυ δουρί, σάκος σάκεϊ προθελύμνῳ·","translation":"fencing spear with spear, shield with shield.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l130.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φράξαντες","lemma":"φράσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"fencing"},{"surface":"δόρυ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative neuter noun","role":"object of φράξαντες","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"δουρί","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of φράξαντες","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"σάκος","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"σάκεϊ","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"προθελύμνῳ","lemma":"προθέλυμνος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σάκεϊ","gloss":"at the forefront"}]},{"number":131,"label":"131","id":"b13-l131","source":"ἀσπὶς ἄρʼ ἀσπίδʼ ἔρειδε, κόρυς κόρυν, ἀνέρα δʼ ἀνήρ·","translation":"Shield pressed on shield, helmet on helmet, man on man.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l131.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀσπὶς","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔρειδε","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀσπίδ","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔρειδε","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"ἔρειδε","lemma":"ἐρείδω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"braced"},{"surface":"κόρυς","lemma":"κόρυς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"helmet"},{"surface":"κόρυν","lemma":"κόρυς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"helmet"},{"surface":"ἀνέρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀνήρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":132,"label":"132","id":"b13-l132","source":"ψαῦον δʼ ἱππόκομοι κόρυθες λαμπροῖσι φάλοισι","translation":"The horse-haired helmets touched with their shining crests","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l132.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ψαῦον","lemma":"ψαύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"touched"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἱππόκομοι","lemma":"ἱππόκομος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies κόρυθες","gloss":"horse-haired"},{"surface":"κόρυθες","lemma":"κόρυς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ψαῦον","gloss":"helmets"},{"surface":"λαμπροῖσι","lemma":"λαμπρός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies φάλοισι","gloss":"bright"},{"surface":"φάλοισι","lemma":"φάλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ψαῦον","gloss":"crests"}]},{"number":133,"label":"133","id":"b13-l133","source":"νευόντων, ὡς πυκνοὶ ἐφέστασαν ἀλλήλοισιν·","translation":"as the men nodded, so close they stood by one another.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l133.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νευόντων","lemma":"νεύω","morphology":"present active participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"nodding"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐφέστασαν","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"πυκνοὶ","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"close-packed"},{"surface":"ἐφέστασαν","lemma":"ἐφίστημι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ψαῦον","gloss":"stood by"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλοισιν","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐφέστασαν","gloss":"one another"}]},{"number":134,"label":"134","id":"b13-l134","source":"ἔγχεα δʼ ἐπτύσσοντο θρασειάων ἀπὸ χειρῶν","translation":"Spears thrust out from bold hands","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l134.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔγχεα","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐπτύσσοντο","gloss":"spears"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπτύσσοντο","lemma":"πτύσσω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"thrust out"},{"surface":"θρασειάων","lemma":"θρασύς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χειρῶν","gloss":"bold"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"χειρῶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"hands"}]},{"number":135,"label":"135","id":"b13-l135","source":"σειόμενʼ· οἳ δʼ ἰθὺς φρόνεον, μέμασαν δὲ μάχεσθαι.","translation":"were brandished; and they fixed their minds straight ahead, eager for battle.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l135.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σειόμεν","lemma":"σείω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural neuter","role":"adverbial to ἐπτύσσοντο","gloss":"being brandished"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἰθὺς","lemma":"ἰθύς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φρόνεον","gloss":"straight"},{"surface":"φρόνεον","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fixed their minds"},{"surface":"μέμασαν","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"eager"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of μέμασαν","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":136,"label":"136","id":"b13-l136","source":"Τρῶες δὲ προὔτυψαν ἀολλέες, ἦρχε δʼ ἄρʼ Ἕκτωρ","translation":"The Trojans struck forward in a mass, and Hector led them,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l136.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of προὔτυψαν","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"προὔτυψαν","lemma":"προτύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck first"},{"surface":"ἀολλέες","lemma":"ἀολλής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"in a mass"},{"surface":"ἦρχε","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦρχε","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":137,"label":"137","id":"b13-l137","source":"ἀντικρὺ μεμαώς, ὀλοοίτροχος ὣς ἀπὸ πέτρης,","translation":"rushing straight on, like a ruinous boulder from a rock,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l137.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀντικρὺ","lemma":"ἀντικρύ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μεμαώς","gloss":"straight at"},{"surface":"μεμαώς","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦρχε","gloss":"eager"},{"surface":"ὀλοοίτροχος","lemma":"ὀλοοίτροχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"ruinous boulder"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πέτρης","lemma":"πέτρα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπὸ","gloss":"from the rock"}]},{"number":138,"label":"138","id":"b13-l138","source":"ὅν τε κατὰ στεφάνης ποταμὸς χειμάρροος ὤσῃ","translation":"which a winter torrent from the crest","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l138.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὤσῃ","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στεφάνης","lemma":"στεφάνη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"crest"},{"surface":"ποταμὸς","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὤσῃ","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"χειμάρροος","lemma":"χειμάρροος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποταμὸς","gloss":"winter torrent"},{"surface":"ὤσῃ","lemma":"ὠθέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ὀλοοίτροχος","gloss":"drives"}]},{"number":139,"label":"139","id":"b13-l139","source":"ῥήξας ἀσπέτῳ ὄμβρῳ ἀναιδέος ἔχματα πέτρης·","translation":"has driven, breaking loose the hold of the pitiless rock with immeasurable rain;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l139.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥήξας","lemma":"ῥήγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὤσῃ","gloss":"breaking loose"},{"surface":"ἀσπέτῳ","lemma":"ἄσπετος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄμβρῳ","gloss":"unbounded"},{"surface":"ὄμβρῳ","lemma":"ὄμβρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ῥήξας","gloss":"rain"},{"surface":"ἀναιδέος","lemma":"ἀναιδής","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πέτρης","gloss":"of the pitiless"},{"surface":"ἔχματα","lemma":"ἔχμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ῥήξας","gloss":"holds"},{"surface":"πέτρης","lemma":"πέτρα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἔχματα","gloss":"of the rock"}]},{"number":140,"label":"140","id":"b13-l140","source":"ὕψι δʼ ἀναθρῴσκων πέτεται, κτυπέει δέ θʼ ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ","translation":"springing high, it flies, and the forest crashes beneath it,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l140.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὕψι","lemma":"ὕψι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀναθρῴσκων","gloss":"on high"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀναθρῴσκων","lemma":"ἀναθρῴσκω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πέτεται","gloss":"leaps up"},{"surface":"πέτεται","lemma":"πέτομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δέ","gloss":"flies"},{"surface":"κτυπέει","lemma":"κτυπέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δέ","gloss":"crashes"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ὑπ̓","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":141,"label":"141","id":"b13-l141","source":"ὕλη· ὃ δʼ ἀσφαλέως θέει ἔμπεδον, εἷος ἵκηται","translation":"and it runs on unshaken until it reaches the level ground;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l141.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὕλη","lemma":"ὕλη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of κτυπέει","gloss":"forest"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀσφαλέως","lemma":"ἀσφαλής","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θέει","gloss":"securely"},{"surface":"θέει","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"runs"},{"surface":"ἔμπεδον","lemma":"ἔμπεδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to θέει","gloss":"steadily"},{"surface":"εἷος","lemma":"εἷος","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"ἵκηται","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἷος","gloss":"reaches"}]},{"number":142,"label":"142","id":"b13-l142","source":"ἰσόπεδον, τότε δʼ οὔ τι κυλίνδεται ἐσσύμενός περ·","translation":"then it rolls no farther, though rushing still.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l142.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἰσόπεδον","lemma":"ἰσόπεδον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἵκηται","gloss":"level ground"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κυλίνδεται","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to κυλίνδεται","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"κυλίνδεται","lemma":"κυλίνδω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rolls"},{"surface":"ἐσσύμενός","lemma":"σεύω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κυλίνδεται","gloss":"still rushing"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":143,"label":"143","id":"b13-l143","source":"ὣς Ἕκτωρ εἷος μὲν ἀπείλει μέχρι θαλάσσης","translation":"So Hector for a while threatened","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l143.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπείλει","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπείλει","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"εἷος","lemma":"εἷος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπείλει","gloss":"for a while"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"ἀπείλει","lemma":"ἀπειλέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"threatened"},{"surface":"μέχρι","lemma":"μέχρι","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"θαλάσσης","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of διελεύσεσθαι","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":144,"label":"144","id":"b13-l144","source":"ῥέα διελεύσεσθαι κλισίας καὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"easily to run through the huts and ships of the Achaeans","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l144.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥέα","lemma":"ῥέα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διελεύσεσθαι","gloss":"easily"},{"surface":"διελεύσεσθαι","lemma":"διέρχομαι","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"adverbial to μέχρι","gloss":"run through"},{"surface":"κλισίας","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"huts"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":145,"label":"145","id":"b13-l145","source":"κτείνων· ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ πυκινῇς ἐνέκυρσε φάλαγξι","translation":"killing, until he met the dense battalions.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l145.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κτείνων","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπείλει","gloss":"killing"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"πυκινῇς","lemma":"πυκινός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φάλαγξι","gloss":"tight-packed"},{"surface":"ἐνέκυρσε","lemma":"ἐγκύρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"met"},{"surface":"φάλαγξι","lemma":"φάλαγξ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐνέκυρσε","gloss":"the battalions"}]},{"number":146,"label":"146","id":"b13-l146","source":"στῆ ῥα μάλʼ ἐγχριμφθείς· οἳ δʼ ἀντίοι υἷες Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"Then he stood hard pressed; and opposite him the sons of the Achaeans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l146.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐγχριμφθείς","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"ἐγχριμφθείς","lemma":"ἐγχρίμπτω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to στῆ","gloss":"hard pressed"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀντίοι","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"face to face"},{"surface":"υἷες","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷες","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":147,"label":"147","id":"b13-l147","source":"νύσσοντες ξίφεσίν τε καὶ ἔγχεσιν ἀμφιγύοισιν","translation":"stabbing with swords and double-pointed spears","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l147.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἔγχεσιν ἀμφιγύοισιν","title":"Double-pointed spears","body":"ἀμφιγύοι here means spears fitted for use at both ends, with a butt-spike as well as the main point. Homer names the weapon concretely rather than generalizing the defenders' attack."}],"words":[{"surface":"νύσσοντες","lemma":"νύσσω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ὦσαν","gloss":"stabbing"},{"surface":"ξίφεσίν","lemma":"ξίφος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔγχεσιν","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"ἀμφιγύοισιν","lemma":"ἀμφίγυος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχεσιν","gloss":"two-edged"}]},{"number":148,"label":"148","id":"b13-l148","source":"ὦσαν ἀπὸ σφείων· ὃ δὲ χασσάμενος πελεμίχθη.","translation":"drove him back from among themselves; and he gave way, shaken.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l148.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦσαν","lemma":"ὠθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove back"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"σφείων","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πελεμίχθη","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"χασσάμενος","lemma":"χάζω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πελεμίχθη","gloss":"drawing back"},{"surface":"πελεμίχθη","lemma":"πελεμίζω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was shaken"}]},{"number":149,"label":"149","id":"b13-l149","source":"ἤϋσεν δὲ διαπρύσιον Τρώεσσι γεγωνώς·","translation":"He shouted piercingly, calling to the Trojans:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l149.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤϋσεν","lemma":"αὔω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shouted"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"διαπρύσιον","lemma":"διαπρύσιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἤϋσεν","gloss":"piercingly"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of γεγωνώς","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"γεγωνώς","lemma":"γέγωνα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤϋσεν","gloss":"cried aloud"}]},{"number":150,"label":"150","id":"b13-l150","source":"Τρῶες καὶ Λύκιοι καὶ Δάρδανοι ἀγχιμαχηταὶ","translation":"\"Trojans and Lycians and Dardanians, close fighters,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l150.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Λύκιοι","lemma":"Λύκιοι","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Lycians"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Δάρδανοι","lemma":"Δάρδανος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Dardans"},{"surface":"ἀγχιμαχηταὶ","lemma":"ἀγχιμαχητής","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"close fighters"}]},{"number":151,"label":"151","id":"b13-l151","source":"παρμένετʼ· οὔ τοι δηρὸν ἐμὲ σχήσουσιν Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"they will not hold me back for long, the Achaeans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l151.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παρμένετ","lemma":"παραμένω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stand fast"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"δηρὸν","lemma":"δηρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to σχήσουσιν","gloss":"for long"},{"surface":"ἐμὲ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of σχήσουσιν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"σχήσουσιν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hold back"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of σχήσουσιν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":152,"label":"152","id":"b13-l152","source":"καὶ μάλα πυργηδὸν σφέας αὐτοὺς ἀρτύναντες,","translation":"though they have ranged themselves like a tower against me;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l152.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"πυργηδὸν","lemma":"πυργηδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀρτύναντες","gloss":"tower-like"},{"surface":"σφέας","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀρτύναντες","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"αὐτοὺς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ἀρτύναντες","lemma":"ἀρτύνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to σχήσουσιν","gloss":"arrayed"}]},{"number":153,"label":"153","id":"b13-l153","source":"ἀλλʼ ὀΐω χάσσονται ὑπʼ ἔγχεος, εἰ ἐτεόν με","translation":"I think they will give way before my spear, if truly it was me","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l153.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὀΐω","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"I think"},{"surface":"χάσσονται","lemma":"χάζω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"give ground"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"ἔγχεος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὑπ̓","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"ἐτεόν","lemma":"ἐτεός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ὦρσε","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὦρσε","gloss":"me"}]},{"number":154,"label":"154","id":"b13-l154","source":"ὦρσε θεῶν ὤριστος, ἐρίγδουπος πόσις Ἥρης.","translation":"whom the best of the gods, the loud-thundering husband of Hera, roused.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l154.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦρσε","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"stirred"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὤριστος","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"ὤριστος","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"ἐρίγδουπος","lemma":"ἐρίγδουπος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόσις","gloss":"loud-thundering"},{"surface":"πόσις","lemma":"πόσις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"husband"},{"surface":"Ἥρης","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies πόσις","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":155,"label":"155","id":"b13-l155","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν ὄτρυνε μένος καὶ θυμὸν ἑκάστου.","translation":"So he spoke and stirred the strength and spirit of every man.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l155.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὄτρυνε","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"ὄτρυνε","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urge on"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἑκάστου","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"every man"}]},{"number":156,"label":"156","id":"b13-l156","source":"Δηΐφοβος δʼ ἐν τοῖσι μέγα φρονέων ἐβεβήκει","translation":"But Deiphobus, son of Priam, moved among them,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l156.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Δηΐφοβος","lemma":"Δηίφοβος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"Deiphobus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to φρονέων","gloss":"proudly"},{"surface":"φρονέων","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐβεβήκει","gloss":"thinking"},{"surface":"ἐβεβήκει","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"moved among them"}]},{"number":157,"label":"157","id":"b13-l157","source":"Πριαμίδης, πρόσθεν δʼ ἔχεν ἀσπίδα πάντοσʼ ἐΐσην","translation":"proud in his great heart, and before him held a shield","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l157.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀσπίδα πάντοσʼ ἐΐσην","title":"A shield equal on every side","body":"πάντοσʼ ἐΐση means balanced all around, hence a round shield rather than the tower-shield type. Homer will use the same phrase elsewhere for this symmetrical shape."}],"words":[{"surface":"Πριαμίδης","lemma":"Πριαμίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Δηΐφοβος","gloss":"Priam's son"},{"surface":"πρόσθεν","lemma":"πρόσθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχεν","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔχεν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"ἀσπίδα","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχεν","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"πάντοσ","lemma":"πάντοσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ἐΐσην","gloss":"all around"},{"surface":"ἐΐσην","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀσπίδα","gloss":"well-balanced"}]},{"number":158,"label":"158","id":"b13-l158","source":"κοῦφα ποσὶ προβιβὰς καὶ ὑπασπίδια προποδίζων.","translation":"well-rounded, stepping lightly on his feet and moving under cover of it.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l158.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κοῦφα","lemma":"κοῦφος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to προβιβὰς","gloss":"lightly"},{"surface":"ποσὶ","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to προβιβὰς","gloss":"on his feet"},{"surface":"προβιβὰς","lemma":"προβίβημι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"stepping forward"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπασπίδια","lemma":"ὑπασπίδιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to προποδίζων","gloss":"beneath the shield"},{"surface":"προποδίζων","lemma":"προποδίζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"moving beneath it"}]},{"number":159,"label":"159","id":"b13-l159","source":"Μηριόνης δʼ αὐτοῖο τιτύσκετο δουρὶ φαεινῷ","translation":"Meriones aimed his bright spear at him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l159.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μηριόνης","lemma":"Μηριόνης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"Meriones"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αὐτοῖο","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"object of τιτύσκετο","gloss":"of him"},{"surface":"τιτύσκετο","lemma":"τιτύσκομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"aimed at"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τιτύσκετο","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"φαεινῷ","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δουρὶ","gloss":"shining"}]},{"number":160,"label":"160","id":"b13-l160","source":"καὶ βάλεν, οὐδʼ ἀφάμαρτε, κατʼ ἀσπίδα πάντοσʼ ἐΐσην","translation":"and struck, nor did he miss, upon the well-rounded shield","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l160.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βάλεν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ἀφάμαρτε","lemma":"ἀφαμαρτάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did not miss"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"ἀσπίδα","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κατ̓","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"πάντοσ","lemma":"πάντοσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ἐΐσην","gloss":"all around"},{"surface":"ἐΐσην","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀσπίδα","gloss":"equal"}]},{"number":161,"label":"161","id":"b13-l161","source":"ταυρείην· τῆς δʼ οὔ τι διήλασεν, ἀλλὰ πολὺ πρὶν","translation":"of oxhide; but he did not drive all the way through, rather long before","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l161.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ταυρείην","lemma":"ταύρειος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀσπίδα","gloss":"oxhide"},{"surface":"τῆς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of διήλασεν","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to διήλασεν","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"διήλασεν","lemma":"διελαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove through"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐάγη","gloss":"long before"}]},{"number":162,"label":"162","id":"b13-l162","source":"ἐν καυλῷ ἐάγη δολιχὸν δόρυ· Δηΐφοβος δὲ","translation":"the long spear broke in the socket. But Deiphobus","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l162.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"καυλῷ","lemma":"καυλός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"shaft"},{"surface":"ἐάγη","lemma":"ἄγνυμι","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"snapped"},{"surface":"δολιχὸν","lemma":"δολιχός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δόρυ","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"δόρυ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἀλλὰ","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"Δηΐφοβος","lemma":"Δηίφοβος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"Deiphobus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"}]},{"number":163,"label":"163","id":"b13-l163","source":"ἀσπίδα ταυρείην σχέθʼ ἀπὸ ἕο, δεῖσε δὲ θυμῷ","translation":"held the oxhide shield away from himself, for in his heart he feared","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l163.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀσπίδα","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of σχέθ̓","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"ταυρείην","lemma":"ταύρειος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀσπίδα","gloss":"oxhide"},{"surface":"σχέθ","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held away"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἕο","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"δεῖσε","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"feared"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to δεῖσε","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":164,"label":"164","id":"b13-l164","source":"ἔγχος Μηριόναο δαΐφρονος· αὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ ἥρως","translation":"the spear of warlike Meriones. But the hero","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l164.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δεῖσε","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"Μηριόναο","lemma":"Μηριόνης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"Meriones"},{"surface":"δαΐφρονος","lemma":"δαίφρων","morphology":"genitive singular adjective","role":"modifies Μηριόναο","gloss":"warlike"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies ἥρως","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἥρως","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"hero"}]},{"number":165,"label":"165","id":"b13-l165","source":"ἂψ ἑτάρων εἰς ἔθνος ἐχάζετο, χώσατο δʼ αἰνῶς","translation":"drew back into the throng of his companions, and he was terribly angered","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l165.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐχάζετο","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ἑτάρων","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἔθνος","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"drove through"},{"surface":"ἔθνος","lemma":"ἔθνος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"company"},{"surface":"ἐχάζετο","lemma":"χάζω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew back"},{"surface":"χώσατο","lemma":"χώομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was angered"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αἰνῶς","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to χώσατο","gloss":"terribly"}]},{"number":166,"label":"166","id":"b13-l166","source":"ἀμφότερον, νίκης τε καὶ ἔγχεος ὃ ξυνέαξε.","translation":"both at defeat and at the spear which he had shattered.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l166.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφότερον","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"νίκης","lemma":"νίκη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"defeat"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔγχεος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ξυνέαξε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ξυνέαξε","lemma":"συνάγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἔγχεος","gloss":"snapped together"}]},{"number":167,"label":"167","id":"b13-l167","source":"βῆ δʼ ἰέναι παρά τε κλισίας καὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"He went beside the huts and ships of the Achaeans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l167.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἰέναι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of βῆ","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"παρά","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κλισίας","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"hut"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":168,"label":"168","id":"b13-l168","source":"οἰσόμενος δόρυ μακρόν, ὅ οἱ κλισίηφι λέλειπτο.","translation":"to fetch the long spear he had left in his hut.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l168.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἰσόμενος","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"future middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"to fetch"},{"surface":"δόρυ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of οἰσόμενος","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"μακρόν","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δόρυ","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of λέλειπτο","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies κλισίηφι","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"κλισίηφι","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of λέλειπτο","gloss":"in his hut"},{"surface":"λέλειπτο","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δόρυ","gloss":"had been left"}]},{"number":169,"label":"169","id":"b13-l169","source":"οἳ δʼ ἄλλοι μάρναντο, βοὴ δʼ ἄσβεστος ὀρώρει.","translation":"The rest fought on, and an unquenchable cry arose.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l169.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἄλλοι","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of μάρναντο","gloss":"the rest"},{"surface":"μάρναντο","lemma":"μάρναμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fought on"},{"surface":"βοὴ","lemma":"βοή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ὀρώρει","gloss":"cry"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄσβεστος","lemma":"ἄσβεστος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies βοὴ","gloss":"unquenchable"},{"surface":"ὀρώρει","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"arose"}]},{"number":170,"label":"170","id":"b13-l170","source":"Τεῦκρος δὲ πρῶτος Τελαμώνιος ἄνδρα κατέκτα","translation":"Teucer son of Telamon was the first to kill a man,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l170.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τεῦκρος","lemma":"Τεῦκρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κατέκτα","gloss":"Teucer"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"πρῶτος","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"Τελαμώνιος","lemma":"Τελαμών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τεῦκρος","gloss":"Telamonian"},{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"κατέκτα","lemma":"κατακτείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"killed"}]},{"number":171,"label":"171","id":"b13-l171","source":"Ἴμβριον αἰχμητὴν πολυΐππου Μέντορος υἱόν·","translation":"Imbrius the spearman, son of Mentor rich in horses.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l171.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἴμβριον","lemma":"Ἴμβριος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Imbrius"},{"surface":"αἰχμητὴν","lemma":"αἰχμητής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἴμβριον","gloss":"a spearman"},{"surface":"πολυΐππου","lemma":"πολύιππος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μέντορος","gloss":"horse-rich"},{"surface":"Μέντορος","lemma":"Μέντωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱόν","gloss":"Mentor"},{"surface":"υἱόν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":172,"label":"172","id":"b13-l172","source":"ναῖε δὲ Πήδαιον πρὶν ἐλθεῖν υἷας Ἀχαιῶν,","translation":"He dwelt in Pedaeum before the sons of the Achaeans came,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l172.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ναῖε","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dwelt"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Πήδαιον","lemma":"Πήδαιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ναῖε","gloss":"Pedaeum"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ἐλθεῖν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to πρὶν","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"υἷας","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐλθεῖν","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐλθεῖν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":173,"label":"173","id":"b13-l173","source":"κούρην δὲ Πριάμοιο νόθην ἔχε, Μηδεσικάστην·","translation":"and had married Priam's bastard daughter, Medesicaste.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l173.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κούρην","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Πριάμοιο","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κούρην","gloss":"Priam"},{"surface":"νόθην","lemma":"νόθος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κούρην","gloss":"bastard"},{"surface":"ἔχε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"Μηδεσικάστην","lemma":"Μηδεσικάστη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"Medesikaste"}]},{"number":174,"label":"174","id":"b13-l174","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ Δαναῶν νέες ἤλυθον ἀμφιέλισσαι,","translation":"But when the Danaans' curved ships came,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l174.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"Δαναῶν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies νέες","gloss":"Danaans"},{"surface":"νέες","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἤλυθον","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἤλυθον","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ἀμφιέλισσαι","lemma":"ἀμφιέλισσα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies νέες","gloss":"curved"}]},{"number":175,"label":"175","id":"b13-l175","source":"ἂψ ἐς Ἴλιον ἦλθε, μετέπρεπε δὲ Τρώεσσι,","translation":"he went back to Ilion, and stood out among the Trojans,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l175.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Ilios"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"μετέπρεπε","lemma":"μεταπρέπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood out"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μετέπρεπε","gloss":"Trojans"}]},{"number":176,"label":"176","id":"b13-l176","source":"ναῖε δὲ πὰρ Πριάμῳ· ὃ δέ μιν τίεν ἶσα τέκεσσι.","translation":"and dwelt beside Priam, who honored him like his own sons.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l176.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ναῖε","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dwelt"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"Πριάμῳ","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πὰρ","gloss":"Priam"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τίεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τίεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"τίεν","lemma":"τίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"honored"},{"surface":"ἶσα","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to τίεν","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"τέκεσσι","lemma":"τέκος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἶσα","gloss":"sons"}]},{"number":177,"label":"177","id":"b13-l177","source":"τόν ῥʼ υἱὸς Τελαμῶνος ὑπʼ οὔατος ἔγχεϊ μακρῷ","translation":"The son of Telamon struck him beneath the ear with a long spear","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l177.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of νύξ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Τελαμῶνος","lemma":"Τελαμών","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δ̓","gloss":"Telamon"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"οὔατος","lemma":"οὖς","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὑπ̓","gloss":"ear"},{"surface":"ἔγχεϊ","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to νύξ̓","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"μακρῷ","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχεϊ","gloss":"long"}]},{"number":178,"label":"178","id":"b13-l178","source":"νύξʼ, ἐκ δʼ ἔσπασεν ἔγχος· ὃ δʼ αὖτʼ ἔπεσεν μελίη ὣς","translation":"and drew the spear back out; and he fell like an ash tree","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l178.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νύξ","lemma":"νύσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stabbed"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔσπασεν","lemma":"σπάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew out"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔσπασεν","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔπεσεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔπεσεν","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"μελίη","lemma":"μελία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"ash tree"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"}]},{"number":179,"label":"179","id":"b13-l179","source":"ἥ τʼ ὄρεος κορυφῇ ἕκαθεν περιφαινομένοιο","translation":"which on a mountain peak seen from every side","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l179.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of πελάσσῃ","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄρεος","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies κορυφῇ","gloss":"mountain"},{"surface":"κορυφῇ","lemma":"κορυφή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to πελάσσῃ","gloss":"peak"},{"surface":"ἕκαθεν","lemma":"ἕκαθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to περιφαινομένοιο","gloss":"from every side"},{"surface":"περιφαινομένοιο","lemma":"περιφαίνομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular neuter","role":"modifies ὄρεος","gloss":"seen all round"}]},{"number":180,"label":"180","id":"b13-l180","source":"χαλκῷ ταμνομένη τέρενα χθονὶ φύλλα πελάσσῃ·","translation":"when cut with bronze brings its tender leaves down to the ground.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l180.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ταμνομένη","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ταμνομένη","lemma":"τέμνω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to πελάσσῃ","gloss":"cut through"},{"surface":"τέρενα","lemma":"τέρην","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies φύλλα","gloss":"tender"},{"surface":"χθονὶ","lemma":"χθών","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πελάσσῃ","gloss":"to the ground"},{"surface":"φύλλα","lemma":"φύλλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πελάσσῃ","gloss":"leaves"},{"surface":"πελάσσῃ","lemma":"πελάζω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing μελίη","gloss":"brings down"}]},{"number":181,"label":"181","id":"b13-l181","source":"ὣς πέσεν, ἀμφὶ δέ οἱ βράχε τεύχεα ποικίλα χαλκῷ.","translation":"So he fell, and around him his armor clanged in bronze.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l181.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πέσεν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"πέσεν","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀμφὶ","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"βράχε","lemma":"βραχεῖν","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"clanged"},{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of βράχε","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ποικίλα","lemma":"ποικίλος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"varied"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ποικίλα","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":182,"label":"182","id":"b13-l182","source":"Τεῦκρος δʼ ὁρμήθη μεμαὼς ἀπὸ τεύχεα δῦσαι·","translation":"Teucer rushed forth eager to strip the armor from him;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l182.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τεῦκρος","lemma":"Τεῦκρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὁρμήθη","gloss":"Teucer"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὁρμήθη","lemma":"ὁρμάω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rushed"},{"surface":"μεμαὼς","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὁρμήθη","gloss":"eager"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"from him"},{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δῦσαι","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"δῦσαι","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of μεμαὼς","gloss":"strip"}]},{"number":183,"label":"183","id":"b13-l183","source":"Ἕκτωρ δʼ ὁρμηθέντος ἀκόντισε δουρὶ φαεινῷ.","translation":"and Hector, as he rushed, cast with his bright spear.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l183.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀκόντισε","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὁρμηθέντος","lemma":"ὁρμάω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as he rushed"},{"surface":"ἀκόντισε","lemma":"ἀκοντίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀκόντισε","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"φαεινῷ","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δουρὶ","gloss":"shining"}]},{"number":184,"label":"184","id":"b13-l184","source":"ἀλλʼ ὃ μὲν ἄντα ἰδὼν ἠλεύατο χάλκεον ἔγχος","translation":"But he, seeing it before him, avoided the bronze spear","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l184.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἠλεύατο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"ἄντα","lemma":"ἄντα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰδὼν","gloss":"before him"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἠλεύατο","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"ἠλεύατο","lemma":"ἀλέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"avoided"},{"surface":"χάλκεον","lemma":"χάλκεος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἠλεύατο","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":185,"label":"185","id":"b13-l185","source":"τυτθόν· ὃ δʼ Ἀμφίμαχον Κτεάτου υἷʼ Ἀκτορίωνος","translation":"for a little; but it hit Amphimachus, son of Cteatus son of Actor,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l185.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τυτθόν","lemma":"τυτθός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἠλεύατο","gloss":"a little"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βάλε","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ἀμφίμαχον","lemma":"̓ἀμφίμαχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Amphimachus"},{"surface":"Κτεάτου","lemma":"Κτέατος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἷ̓","gloss":"Cteatus"},{"surface":"υἷ","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Ἀκτορίωνος","lemma":"Ἀκτορίων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Κτεάτου","gloss":"Actor's son"}]},{"number":186,"label":"186","id":"b13-l186","source":"νισόμενον πόλεμον δὲ κατὰ στῆθος βάλε δουρί·","translation":"in the chest as he went into battle, and struck him with the spear.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l186.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νισόμενον","lemma":"νίσσομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"going into"},{"surface":"πόλεμον","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of νισόμενον","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"like a poplar"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στῆθος","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"δουρί","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to βάλε","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":187,"label":"187","id":"b13-l187","source":"δούπησεν δὲ πεσών, ἀράβησε δὲ τεύχεʼ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ.","translation":"he fell with a thud, and his armor clattered upon him.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l187.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δούπησεν","lemma":"δουπέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"thudded"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"πεσών","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δούπησεν","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"ἀράβησε","lemma":"ἀραβέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"clattered"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τεύχε","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἀράβησε","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":188,"label":"188","id":"b13-l188","source":"Ἕκτωρ δʼ ὁρμήθη κόρυθα κροτάφοις ἀραρυῖαν","translation":"Hector rushed to seize the helmet fitted to the temples","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l188.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὁρμήθη","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὁρμήθη","lemma":"ὁρμέω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rushed"},{"surface":"κόρυθα","lemma":"κόρυς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀφαρπάξαι","gloss":"helmet"},{"surface":"κροτάφοις","lemma":"κρόταφος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀραρυῖαν","gloss":"temple"},{"surface":"ἀραρυῖαν","lemma":"ἀραρίσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifies κόρυθα","gloss":"fitted"}]},{"number":189,"label":"189","id":"b13-l189","source":"κρατὸς ἀφαρπάξαι μεγαλήτορος Ἀμφιμάχοιο·","translation":"from the head of great-hearted Amphimachus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l189.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κρατὸς","lemma":"κράς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀφαρπάξαι","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"ἀφαρπάξαι","lemma":"ἀφαρπάζω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to ὁρμήθη","gloss":"to snatch away"},{"surface":"μεγαλήτορος","lemma":"μεγαλήτωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀμφιμάχοιο","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"Ἀμφιμάχοιο","lemma":"Ἀμφίμαχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κρατὸς","gloss":"Amphimachus"}]},{"number":190,"label":"190","id":"b13-l190","source":"Αἴας δʼ ὁρμηθέντος ὀρέξατο δουρὶ φαεινῷ","translation":"But Ajax, at his rush, reached at him with his bright spear,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l190.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὀρέξατο","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὁρμηθέντος","lemma":"ὁρμάω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"at his rush"},{"surface":"ὀρέξατο","lemma":"ὀρέγω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reached at him"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ὀρέξατο","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"φαεινῷ","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δουρὶ","gloss":"shining"}]},{"number":191,"label":"191","id":"b13-l191","source":"Ἕκτορος· ἀλλʼ οὔ πῃ χροὸς εἴσατο, πᾶς δʼ ἄρα χαλκῷ","translation":"at Hector; but it touched nowhere on his flesh, for all of him was covered","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l191.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορος","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀρέξατο","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"nowhere"},{"surface":"πῃ","lemma":"πη","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to εἴσατο","gloss":"somewhere"},{"surface":"χροὸς","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἴσατο","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"εἴσατο","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"touched"},{"surface":"πᾶς","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κεκάλυφθ̓","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":192,"label":"192","id":"b13-l192","source":"σμερδαλέῳ κεκάλυφθʼ· ὃ δʼ ἄρʼ ἀσπίδος ὀμφαλὸν οὖτα,","translation":"in dreadful bronze; but striking the boss of his shield,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l192.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σμερδαλέῳ","lemma":"σμερδαλέος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκῷ","gloss":"dreadful"},{"surface":"κεκάλυφθ","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"covered"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δέ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"Amphimachus"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀσπίδος","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ὀμφαλὸν","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"ὀμφαλὸν","lemma":"ὀμφαλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of οὖτα","gloss":"boss"},{"surface":"οὖτα","lemma":"οὐτάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stabbed"}]},{"number":193,"label":"193","id":"b13-l193","source":"ὦσε δέ μιν σθένεϊ μεγάλῳ· ὃ δὲ χάσσατʼ ὀπίσσω","translation":"he drove him back with great force; and he gave way backward","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l193.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦσε","lemma":"ὠθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove back"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὦσε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"σθένεϊ","lemma":"σθένος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ὦσε","gloss":"with force"},{"surface":"μεγάλῳ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σθένεϊ","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of χάσσατ̓","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"χάσσατ","lemma":"χάζω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave way"},{"surface":"ὀπίσσω","lemma":"ὀπίσσω","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"behind"}]},{"number":194,"label":"194","id":"b13-l194","source":"νεκρῶν ἀμφοτέρων, τοὺς δʼ ἐξείρυσσαν Ἀχαιοί.","translation":"from the two corpses, and the Achaeans dragged them away.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l194.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νεκρῶν","lemma":"νεκρός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ὀπίσσω","gloss":"corpses"},{"surface":"ἀμφοτέρων","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νεκρῶν","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐξείρυσσαν","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξείρυσσαν","lemma":"ἐξερύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dragged out"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐξείρυσσαν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":195,"label":"195","id":"b13-l195","source":"Ἀμφίμαχον μὲν ἄρα Στιχίος δῖός τε Μενεσθεὺς","translation":"Amphimachus then Stichius and noble Menestheus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l195.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀμφίμαχον","lemma":"Ἀμφίμαχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κόμισαν","gloss":"Amphimachus"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Στιχίος","lemma":"Στιχίος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Stichius"},{"surface":"δῖός","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενεσθεὺς","gloss":"brilliant"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μενεσθεὺς","lemma":"Μενεσθεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Menestheus"}]},{"number":196,"label":"196","id":"b13-l196","source":"ἀρχοὶ Ἀθηναίων κόμισαν μετὰ λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν·","translation":"leaders of the Athenians, bore back among the host of the Achaeans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l196.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀρχοὶ","lemma":"ἀρχός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"leaders"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίων","lemma":"Ἀθηναῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀρχοὶ","gloss":"Athenians"},{"surface":"κόμισαν","lemma":"κομίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bore back"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"λαὸν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"the host"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies λαὸν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":197,"label":"197","id":"b13-l197","source":"Ἴμβριον αὖτʼ Αἴαντε μεμαότε θούριδος ἀλκῆς","translation":"Imbrius, in turn, the two Ajaxes eager for furious battle","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l197.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἴμβριον","lemma":"Ἴμβριος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of συλήτην","gloss":"Imbrius"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Αἴαντε","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"the two Ajaxes"},{"surface":"μεμαότε","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"eager"},{"surface":"θούριδος","lemma":"θοῦρος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλκῆς","gloss":"furious"},{"surface":"ἀλκῆς","lemma":"ἀλκή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of μεμαότε","gloss":"battle-might"}]},{"number":198,"label":"198","id":"b13-l198","source":"ὥς τε δύʼ αἶγα λέοντε κυνῶν ὕπο καρχαροδόντων","translation":"as two lions from beneath sharp-toothed dogs","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l198.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φέρητον","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"two lions"},{"surface":"δύ","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies λέοντε","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"αἶγα","lemma":"αἴξ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φέρητον","gloss":"a goat"},{"surface":"λέοντε","lemma":"λέων","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject of φέρητον","gloss":"lions"},{"surface":"κυνῶν","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὕπο","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"ὕπο","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from beneath"},{"surface":"καρχαροδόντων","lemma":"καρχαρόδων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies κυνῶν","gloss":"sharp-toothed"}]},{"number":199,"label":"199","id":"b13-l199","source":"ἁρπάξαντε φέρητον ἀνὰ ῥωπήϊα πυκνὰ","translation":"snatch a goat and carry it through the thick brush","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l199.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἁρπάξαντε","lemma":"ἁρπάζω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to φέρητον","gloss":"seize"},{"surface":"φέρητον","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd dual verb","role":"adverbial to συλήτην","gloss":"carry it"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ῥωπήϊα","lemma":"ῥωπήιον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀνὰ","gloss":"brushwood"},{"surface":"πυκνὰ","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ῥωπήϊα","gloss":"thick brush"}]},{"number":200,"label":"200","id":"b13-l200","source":"ὑψοῦ ὑπὲρ γαίης μετὰ γαμφηλῇσιν ἔχοντε,","translation":"high above the ground, holding it in their jaws,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l200.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὑψοῦ","lemma":"ὑψοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχοντε","gloss":"high above"},{"surface":"ὑπὲρ","lemma":"ὑπέρ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"γαίης","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπὲρ","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"γαμφηλῇσιν","lemma":"γαμφηλαί","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"jaws"},{"surface":"ἔχοντε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to φέρητον","gloss":"holding it"}]},{"number":201,"label":"201","id":"b13-l201","source":"ὥς ῥα τὸν ὑψοῦ ἔχοντε δύω Αἴαντε κορυστὰ","translation":"so the two warrior Ajaxes held him aloft","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l201.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to συλήτην","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔχοντε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ὑψοῦ","lemma":"ὑψοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχοντε","gloss":"high above"},{"surface":"ἔχοντε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to συλήτην","gloss":"holding him"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies Αἴαντε","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"Αἴαντε","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"κορυστὰ","lemma":"κορυστός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"warriors"}]},{"number":202,"label":"202","id":"b13-l202","source":"τεύχεα συλήτην· κεφαλὴν δʼ ἁπαλῆς ἀπὸ δειρῆς","translation":"and stripped the armor from him; and the son of Oileus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l202.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of συλήτην","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"συλήτην","lemma":"συλάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stripped"},{"surface":"κεφαλὴν","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κόψεν","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἁπαλῆς","lemma":"ἁπαλός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies δειρῆς","gloss":"delicate"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"δειρῆς","lemma":"δειρή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"neck"}]},{"number":203,"label":"203","id":"b13-l203","source":"κόψεν Ὀϊλιάδης κεχολωμένος Ἀμφιμάχοιο,","translation":"cut the head from the tender neck, enraged for Amphimachus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l203.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κόψεν","lemma":"κόπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cut"},{"surface":"Ὀϊλιάδης","lemma":"Ὀϊλιάδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of λάβεν","gloss":"son of Oileus"},{"surface":"κεχολωμένος","lemma":"χολόω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κόψεν","gloss":"enraged"},{"surface":"Ἀμφιμάχοιο","lemma":"Ἀμφίμαχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of κεχολωμένος","gloss":"for Amphimachus"}]},{"number":204,"label":"204","id":"b13-l204","source":"ἧκε δέ μιν σφαιρηδὸν ἑλιξάμενος διʼ ὁμίλου·","translation":"and whirling it like a ball he sent it through the throng;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l204.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἧκε","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flung"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἧκε","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"σφαιρηδὸν","lemma":"σφαιρηδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἧκε","gloss":"like a ball"},{"surface":"ἑλιξάμενος","lemma":"ἑλίσσω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἧκε","gloss":"whirling it"},{"surface":"δι","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ὁμίλου","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of δἰ","gloss":"through the throng"}]},{"number":205,"label":"205","id":"b13-l205","source":"Ἕκτορι δὲ προπάροιθε ποδῶν πέσεν ἐν κονίῃσι.","translation":"and it fell in the dust before Hector's feet.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l205.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορι","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ποδῶν","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"προπάροιθε","lemma":"προπάροιθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ποδῶν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to προπάροιθε","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"πέσεν","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κονίῃσι","lemma":"κονία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"dust"}]},{"number":206,"label":"206","id":"b13-l206","source":"καὶ τότε δὴ περὶ κῆρι Ποσειδάων ἐχολώθη","translation":"And then indeed Poseidon was angered at heart","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l206.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"κῆρι","lemma":"κῆρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"Ποσειδάων","lemma":"Ποσειδεών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"Poseidon"},{"surface":"ἐχολώθη","lemma":"χολόω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was angered"}]},{"number":207,"label":"207","id":"b13-l207","source":"υἱωνοῖο πεσόντος ἐν αἰνῇ δηϊοτῆτι,","translation":"for his grandson fallen in dreadful battle,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l207.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"υἱωνοῖο","lemma":"υἱωνός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πεσόντος","gloss":"grandson"},{"surface":"πεσόντος","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐχολώθη","gloss":"fallen"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"αἰνῇ","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies δηϊοτῆτι","gloss":"dreadful"},{"surface":"δηϊοτῆτι","lemma":"δηιοτής","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"slaughter"}]},{"number":208,"label":"208","id":"b13-l208","source":"βῆ δʼ ἰέναι παρά τε κλισίας καὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"He went beside the huts and ships of the Achaeans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l208.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἰέναι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of βῆ","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"παρά","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κλισίας","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"hut"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":209,"label":"209","id":"b13-l209","source":"ὀτρυνέων Δαναούς, Τρώεσσι δὲ κήδεα τεῦχεν.","translation":"urging on the Danaans, and devising woes for the Trojans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l209.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀτρυνέων","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"future active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"urging on"},{"surface":"Δαναούς","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὀτρυνέων","gloss":"Danaans"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τεῦχεν","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κήδεα","lemma":"κῆδος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τεῦχεν","gloss":"woes"},{"surface":"τεῦχεν","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"devised"}]},{"number":210,"label":"210","id":"b13-l210","source":"Ἰδομενεὺς δʼ ἄρα οἱ δουρικλυτὸς ἀντεβόλησεν","translation":"Then Idomeneus famed with the spear met him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l210.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δουρικλυτὸς","title":"Famed with the spear","body":"δουρικλυτός is a standing martial epithet: glory attached specifically to spear-fighting. It keeps Idomeneus marked as a veteran heavy fighter before he speaks or strikes."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἰδομενεὺς","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀντεβόλησεν","gloss":"Idomeneus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀντεβόλησεν","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"δουρικλυτὸς","lemma":"δουρικλειτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἰδομενεὺς","gloss":"famed with spear"},{"surface":"ἀντεβόλησεν","lemma":"ἀντιβολέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"met"}]},{"number":211,"label":"211","id":"b13-l211","source":"ἐρχόμενος παρʼ ἑταίρου, ὅ οἱ νέον ἐκ πολέμοιο","translation":"as he came from beside a companion, who newly from battle","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l211.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐρχόμενος","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀντεβόλησεν","gloss":"coming"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from beside"},{"surface":"ἑταίρου","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of παῤ","gloss":"companion"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦλθε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦλθε","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"νέον","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"newly"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"war"}]},{"number":212,"label":"212","id":"b13-l212","source":"ἦλθε κατʼ ἰγνύην βεβλημένος ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ.","translation":"had come to him wounded in the knee with sharp bronze.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l212.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἑταίρου","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"flung it"},{"surface":"ἰγνύην","lemma":"ἰγνύα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κατ̓","gloss":"knees"},{"surface":"βεβλημένος","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ὀξέϊ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκῷ","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βεβλημένος","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":213,"label":"213","id":"b13-l213","source":"τὸν μὲν ἑταῖροι ἔνεικαν, ὃ δʼ ἰητροῖς ἐπιτείλας","translation":"His companions carried him in, and he, giving orders to the healers,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l213.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔνεικαν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"ἑταῖροι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔνεικαν","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"ἔνεικαν","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἤϊεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἰητροῖς","lemma":"ἰατρός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπιτείλας","gloss":"healers"},{"surface":"ἐπιτείλας","lemma":"ἐπιτέλλω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤϊεν","gloss":"giving orders"}]},{"number":214,"label":"214","id":"b13-l214","source":"ἤϊεν ἐς κλισίην· ἔτι γὰρ πολέμοιο μενοίνα","translation":"went to his hut; for he still longed to face battle.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l214.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤϊεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"κλισίην","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"hut"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μενοίνα","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀντιάαν","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"μενοίνα","lemma":"μενοινάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"longed"}]},{"number":215,"label":"215","id":"b13-l215","source":"ἀντιάαν· τὸν δὲ προσέφη κρείων ἐνοσίχθων","translation":"And the lord Earth-shaker spoke to him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l215.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀντιάαν","lemma":"ἀντιάω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of μενοίνα","gloss":"meet"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"κρείων","lemma":"κρείων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐνοσίχθων","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ἐνοσίχθων","lemma":"Ἐνοσίχθων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Earth-shaker"}]},{"number":216,"label":"216","id":"b13-l216","source":"εἰσάμενος φθογγὴν Ἀνδραίμονος υἷϊ Θόαντι","translation":"taking on the voice of Thoas, son of Andraemon,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l216.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰσάμενος","lemma":"εἴδομαι","morphology":"aorist participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"taking on"},{"surface":"φθογγὴν","lemma":"φθογγή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to εἰσάμενος","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"Ἀνδραίμονος","lemma":"Ἀνδραίμων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἷϊ","gloss":"Andraemon"},{"surface":"υἷϊ","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Θόαντι","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Θόαντι","lemma":"Θόας","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἰσάμενος","gloss":"Thoas"}]},{"number":217,"label":"217","id":"b13-l217","source":"ὃς πάσῃ Πλευρῶνι καὶ αἰπεινῇ Καλυδῶνι","translation":"who ruled over all Pleuron and steep Calydon","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l217.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"πάσῃ","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Πλευρῶνι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"Πλευρῶνι","lemma":"Πλευρών","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"Pleuron"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰπεινῇ","lemma":"αἰπεινός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Καλυδῶνι","gloss":"steep"},{"surface":"Καλυδῶνι","lemma":"Καλυδών","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"Calydon"}]},{"number":218,"label":"218","id":"b13-l218","source":"Αἰτωλοῖσιν ἄνασσε, θεὸς δʼ ὣς τίετο δήμῳ·","translation":"among the Aetolians, and was honored in the people like a god:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l218.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἰτωλοῖσιν","lemma":"Αἰτωλός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἄνασσε","gloss":"Aetolians"},{"surface":"ἄνασσε","lemma":"ἀνάσσω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"ruled"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"τίετο","lemma":"τίω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"was honored"},{"surface":"δήμῳ","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τίετο","gloss":"people"}]},{"number":219,"label":"219","id":"b13-l219","source":"Ἰδομενεῦ Κρητῶν βουληφόρε ποῦ τοι ἀπειλαὶ","translation":"\"Idomeneus, counselor of the Cretans, where are your threats","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l219.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἰδομενεῦ","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Idomeneus"},{"surface":"Κρητῶν","lemma":"Κρής","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies βουληφόρε","gloss":"of the Cretans"},{"surface":"βουληφόρε","lemma":"βουληφόρος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἰδομενεῦ","gloss":"counselor"},{"surface":"ποῦ","lemma":"ποῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of οἴχονται","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀπειλαὶ","lemma":"ἀπειλή","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of οἴχονται","gloss":"threats"}]},{"number":220,"label":"220","id":"b13-l220","source":"οἴχονται, τὰς Τρωσὶν ἀπείλεον υἷες Ἀχαιῶν;","translation":"gone, those threats the sons of the Achaeans uttered against the Trojans?\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l220.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴχονται","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are gone"},{"surface":"τὰς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπείλεον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Τρωσὶν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπείλεον","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ἀπείλεον","lemma":"ἀπειλέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀπειλαὶ","gloss":"uttered"},{"surface":"υἷες","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπείλεον","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷες","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":221,"label":"221","id":"b13-l221","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτʼ Ἰδομενεὺς Κρητῶν ἀγὸς ἀντίον ηὔδα·","translation":"Then Idomeneus, leader of the Cretans, answered him in turn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l221.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Ἰδομενεὺς","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Idomeneus"},{"surface":"Κρητῶν","lemma":"Κρής","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀγὸς","gloss":"of the Cretans"},{"surface":"ἀγὸς","lemma":"ἀγός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"leader"},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"in answer"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":222,"label":"222","id":"b13-l222","source":"ὦ Θόαν οὔ τις ἀνὴρ νῦν γʼ αἴτιος, ὅσσον ἔγωγε","translation":"\"Thoas, no man now is to blame, so far as I know;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l222.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"Θόαν","lemma":"Θόας","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Thoas"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"αἴτιος","lemma":"αἴτιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"responsible"},{"surface":"ὅσσον","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to γιγνώσκω","gloss":"as much as"},{"surface":"ἔγωγε","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of γιγνώσκω","gloss":"I myself"}]},{"number":223,"label":"223","id":"b13-l223","source":"γιγνώσκω· πάντες γὰρ ἐπιστάμεθα πτολεμίζειν.","translation":"for all of us know how to fight.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l223.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γιγνώσκω","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"I know"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐπιστάμεθα","lemma":"ἐπίσταμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"know how"},{"surface":"πτολεμίζειν","lemma":"πολεμίζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐπιστάμεθα","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":224,"label":"224","id":"b13-l224","source":"οὔτέ τινα δέος ἴσχει ἀκήριον οὔτέ τις ὄκνῳ","translation":"Neither is any man held back by fear, nor does any man,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l224.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔτέ","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"τινα","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἴσχει","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"δέος","lemma":"δέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἴσχει","gloss":"fear"},{"surface":"ἴσχει","lemma":"ἴσχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"holds back"},{"surface":"ἀκήριον","lemma":"ἀκήριος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"against his will"},{"surface":"οὔτέ","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀνδύεται","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"ὄκνῳ","lemma":"ὄκνος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἴκων","gloss":"shrinking"}]},{"number":225,"label":"225","id":"b13-l225","source":"εἴκων ἀνδύεται πόλεμον κακόν· ἀλλά που οὕτω","translation":"yielding to slackness, shrink from grim battle; but somehow it must be so,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l225.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴκων","lemma":"εἴκω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀνδύεται","gloss":"yielding"},{"surface":"ἀνδύεται","lemma":"ἀναδύνω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shrinks from"},{"surface":"πόλεμον","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνδύεται","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"κακόν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόλεμον","gloss":"grim"},{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"οὕτω","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μέλλει","gloss":"so"}]},{"number":226,"label":"226","id":"b13-l226","source":"μέλλει δὴ φίλον εἶναι ὑπερμενέϊ Κρονίωνι","translation":"it must indeed be dear to mighty Cronion","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l226.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μέλλει","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"must be"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject of μέλλει","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"ὑπερμενέϊ","lemma":"ὑπερμενής","morphology":"dative singular adjective","role":"modifies Κρονίωνι","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"Κρονίωνι","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἶναι","gloss":"Cronion"}]},{"number":227,"label":"227","id":"b13-l227","source":"νωνύμνους ἀπολέσθαι ἀπʼ Ἄργεος ἐνθάδʼ Ἀχαιούς.","translation":"for the Achaeans to perish nameless here, far from Argos.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l227.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νωνύμνους","lemma":"νώνυμνος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"nameless"},{"surface":"ἀπολέσθαι","lemma":"ἀπόλλυμι","morphology":"aorist infinitive","role":"subject of εἶναι","gloss":"to perish"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"far from"},{"surface":"Ἄργεος","lemma":"Ἄργος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπ̓","gloss":"Argos"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδ","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπολέσθαι","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἀπολέσθαι","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":228,"label":"228","id":"b13-l228","source":"ἀλλὰ Θόαν, καὶ γὰρ τὸ πάρος μενεδήϊος ἦσθα,","translation":"But you, Thoas, have always been steadfast,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l228.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Θόαν","lemma":"Θόας","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Thoas"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter article","role":"modifies πάρος","gloss":"formerly"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦσθα","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"μενεδήϊος","lemma":"μενεδήιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"steadfast"},{"surface":"ἦσθα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"you were"}]},{"number":229,"label":"229","id":"b13-l229","source":"ὀτρύνεις δὲ καὶ ἄλλον ὅθι μεθιέντα ἴδηαι·","translation":"and you urge on another man whenever you see him drawing back;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l229.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀτρύνεις","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"you urge on"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλον","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ὀτρύνεις","gloss":"another man"},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴδηαι","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"μεθιέντα","lemma":"μεθίημι","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"hanging back"},{"surface":"ἴδηαι","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὀτρύνεις","gloss":"you see"}]},{"number":230,"label":"230","id":"b13-l230","source":"τὼ νῦν μήτʼ ἀπόληγε κέλευέ τε φωτὶ ἑκάστῳ.","translation":"therefore do not slacken yourself, but urge every man on.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l230.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μήτ","lemma":"μήτε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"do not"},{"surface":"ἀπόληγε","lemma":"ἀπολήγω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hold back"},{"surface":"κέλευέ","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urge on"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φωτὶ","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κέλευέ","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"ἑκάστῳ","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies φωτὶ","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":231,"label":"231","id":"b13-l231","source":"τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα Ποσειδάων ἐνοσίχθων·","translation":"Then Poseidon the earth-shaker answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l231.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ποσειδάων","lemma":"Ποσειδεών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"Poseidon"},{"surface":"ἐνοσίχθων","lemma":"Ἐνοσίχθων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ποσειδάων","gloss":"earth-shaker"}]},{"number":232,"label":"232","id":"b13-l232","source":"Ἰδομενεῦ μὴ κεῖνος ἀνὴρ ἔτι νοστήσειεν","translation":"\"Idomeneus, may that man never return back from Troy,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l232.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἰδομενεῦ","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Idomeneus"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"κεῖνος","lemma":"κεῖνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀλλ̓","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to νοστήσειεν","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"νοστήσειεν","lemma":"νοστέω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"return"}]},{"number":233,"label":"233","id":"b13-l233","source":"ἐκ Τροίης, ἀλλʼ αὖθι κυνῶν μέλπηθρα γένοιτο,","translation":"but here become a delight for dogs,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l233.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Τροίης","lemma":"Τροία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αὖθι","lemma":"αὖθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γένοιτο","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"κυνῶν","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies μέλπηθρα","gloss":"for dogs"},{"surface":"μέλπηθρα","lemma":"μέλπηθρα","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a delight"},{"surface":"γένοιτο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"become"}]},{"number":234,"label":"234","id":"b13-l234","source":"ὅς τις ἐπʼ ἤματι τῷδε ἑκὼν μεθίῃσι μάχεσθαι.","translation":"whoever on this day willingly holds back from battle.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l234.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μεθίῃσι","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ἤματι","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπ̓","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"τῷδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"dative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἤματι","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἑκὼν","lemma":"ἑκών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"willingly"},{"surface":"μεθίῃσι","lemma":"μεθίημι","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀνὴρ","gloss":"hangs back"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of μεθίῃσι","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":235,"label":"235","id":"b13-l235","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε τεύχεα δεῦρο λαβὼν ἴθι· ταῦτα δʼ ἅμα χρὴ","translation":"But come, take up your arms and come here; these things we must","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l235.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of λαβὼν","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"δεῦρο","lemma":"δεῦρο","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἴθι","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"λαβὼν","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἴθι","gloss":"taking"},{"surface":"ἴθι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of σπεύδειν","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to χρὴ","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"χρὴ","lemma":"χρή","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we must"}]},{"number":236,"label":"236","id":"b13-l236","source":"σπεύδειν, αἴ κʼ ὄφελός τι γενώμεθα καὶ δύʼ ἐόντε.","translation":"hasten together, if we may be of some use, even two alone.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l236.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σπεύδειν","lemma":"σπεύδω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of χρὴ","gloss":"to hurry"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ὄφελός","lemma":"ὄφελος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"help"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ὄφελός","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"γενώμεθα","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"we may be"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δύ","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"ἐόντε","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to γενώμεθα","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":237,"label":"237","id":"b13-l237","source":"συμφερτὴ δʼ ἀρετὴ πέλει ἀνδρῶν καὶ μάλα λυγρῶν,","translation":"United valor comes even to men who are poor fighters,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l237.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"συμφερτὴ δʼ ἀρετὴ","title":"Valor in company","body":"The phrase says excellence brought together becomes stronger. Poseidon argues that companionship itself can stiffen courage, even in men who would be weak alone."}],"words":[{"surface":"συμφερτὴ","lemma":"συμφερτός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"united"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀρετὴ","lemma":"ἀρετή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of πέλει","gloss":"valor"},{"surface":"πέλει","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀρετὴ","gloss":"to men"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"λυγρῶν","lemma":"λυγρός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"poor"}]},{"number":238,"label":"238","id":"b13-l238","source":"νῶϊ δὲ καί κʼ ἀγαθοῖσιν ἐπισταίμεσθα μάχεσθαι.","translation":"and we two would know how to fight even against the brave.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l238.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῶϊ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπισταίμεσθα","gloss":"we two"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἀγαθοῖσιν","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of μάχεσθαι","gloss":"against the brave"},{"surface":"ἐπισταίμεσθα","lemma":"ἐπίσταμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would know"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἐπισταίμεσθα","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":239,"label":"239","id":"b13-l239","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν ὃ μὲν αὖτις ἔβη θεὸς ἂμ πόνον ἀνδρῶν·","translation":"So he spoke, and the god went back again amid the toil of men.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l239.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔβη","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔβη","gloss":"back again"},{"surface":"ἔβη","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"the god"},{"surface":"ἂμ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"πόνον","lemma":"πόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἂμ","gloss":"toil"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies πόνον","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":240,"label":"240","id":"b13-l240","source":"Ἰδομενεὺς δʼ ὅτε δὴ κλισίην εὔτυκτον ἵκανε","translation":"And when Idomeneus came to his well-built hut,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l240.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἰδομενεὺς","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"Idomeneus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κλισίην","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἵκανε","gloss":"hut"},{"surface":"εὔτυκτον","lemma":"εὔτυκτος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κλισίην","gloss":"well-built"},{"surface":"ἵκανε","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"reached"}]},{"number":241,"label":"241","id":"b13-l241","source":"δύσετο τεύχεα καλὰ περὶ χροΐ, γέντο δὲ δοῦρε,","translation":"he put fair armor about his body and took two spears,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l241.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δύσετο","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put on"},{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δύσετο","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"καλὰ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"χροΐ","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"his body"},{"surface":"γέντο","lemma":"γέντο","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δοῦρε","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative dual neuter noun","role":"object of γέντο","gloss":"two spears"}]},{"number":242,"label":"242","id":"b13-l242","source":"βῆ δʼ ἴμεν ἀστεροπῇ ἐναλίγκιος, ἥν τε Κρονίων","translation":"and set out like lightning, which the son of Cronos","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l242.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴμεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of βῆ","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"ἀστεροπῇ","lemma":"ἀστεροπή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἐναλίγκιος","gloss":"lightning"},{"surface":"ἐναλίγκιος","lemma":"ἐναλίγκιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ἥν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἐτίναξεν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Κρονίων","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐτίναξεν","gloss":"Cronion"}]},{"number":243,"label":"243","id":"b13-l243","source":"χειρὶ λαβὼν ἐτίναξεν ἀπʼ αἰγλήεντος Ὀλύμπου","translation":"seizes in his hand and shakes from radiant Olympus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l243.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χειρὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to λαβὼν","gloss":"in hand"},{"surface":"λαβὼν","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐτίναξεν","gloss":"taking"},{"surface":"ἐτίναξεν","lemma":"τινάσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀστεροπῇ","gloss":"brandished"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"αἰγλήεντος","lemma":"αἰγλήεις","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀλύμπου","gloss":"radiant"},{"surface":"Ὀλύμπου","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπ̓","gloss":"Olympus"}]},{"number":244,"label":"244","id":"b13-l244","source":"δεικνὺς σῆμα βροτοῖσιν· ἀρίζηλοι δέ οἱ αὐγαί·","translation":"showing a sign to mortals; far-seen are its flares.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l244.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεικνὺς","lemma":"δείκνυμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐτίναξεν","gloss":"showing"},{"surface":"σῆμα","lemma":"σῆμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δεικνὺς","gloss":"a sign"},{"surface":"βροτοῖσιν","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δεικνὺς","gloss":"to mortals"},{"surface":"ἀρίζηλοι","lemma":"ἀρίζηλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"far-seen"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies αὐγαί","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"αὐγαί","lemma":"αὐγή","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"flashes"}]},{"number":245,"label":"245","id":"b13-l245","source":"ὣς τοῦ χαλκὸς ἔλαμπε περὶ στήθεσσι θέοντος.","translation":"So the bronze flashed about his chest as he ran.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l245.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔλαμπε","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies στήθεσσι","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"χαλκὸς","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔλαμπε","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ἔλαμπε","lemma":"λάμπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flashed"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"στήθεσσι","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"his chest"},{"surface":"θέοντος","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as he ran"}]},{"number":246,"label":"246","id":"b13-l246","source":"Μηριόνης δʼ ἄρα οἱ θεράπων ἐῢς ἀντεβόλησεν","translation":"Then Meriones, his good attendant, met him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l246.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μηριόνης","lemma":"Μηριόνης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Meriones"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies θεράπων","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"θεράπων","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"attendant"},{"surface":"ἐῢς","lemma":"ἐύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεράπων","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"ἀντεβόλησεν","lemma":"ἀντιβολέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"met him"}]},{"number":247,"label":"247","id":"b13-l247","source":"ἐγγὺς ἔτι κλισίης· μετὰ γὰρ δόρυ χάλκεον ᾔει","translation":"still near the hut, for he was going to fetch","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l247.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐγγὺς","lemma":"ἐγγύς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀντεβόλησεν","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"κλισίης","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐγγὺς","gloss":"the hut"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"δόρυ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ᾔει","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"χάλκεον","lemma":"χάλκεος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δόρυ","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ᾔει","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was going"}]},{"number":248,"label":"248","id":"b13-l248","source":"οἰσόμενος· τὸν δὲ προσέφη σθένος Ἰδομενῆος·","translation":"a bronze spear; and the strength of Idomeneus addressed him:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l248.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἰσόμενος","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"future middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ᾔει","gloss":"to fetch"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"σθένος","lemma":"σθένος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"the strength"},{"surface":"Ἰδομενῆος","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies σθένος","gloss":"of Idomeneus"}]},{"number":249,"label":"249","id":"b13-l249","source":"Μηριόνη Μόλου υἱὲ πόδας ταχὺ φίλταθʼ ἑταίρων","translation":"\"Meriones, son of Molus, swift of foot, dearest of companions,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l249.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μηριόνη","lemma":"Μηριόνης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Meriones"},{"surface":"Μόλου","lemma":"Μόλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὲ","gloss":"of Molus"},{"surface":"υἱὲ","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"πόδας","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ταχὺ","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"ταχὺ","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"φίλταθ","lemma":"φίλτατος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"dearest"},{"surface":"ἑταίρων","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies φίλταθ̓","gloss":"of companions"}]},{"number":250,"label":"250","id":"b13-l250","source":"τίπτʼ ἦλθες πόλεμόν τε λιπὼν καὶ δηϊοτῆτα;","translation":"why have you come here, leaving battle and the fighting?","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l250.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τίπτ","lemma":"τίπτε","morphology":"pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἦλθες","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"ἦλθες","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came you"},{"surface":"πόλεμόν","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λιπὼν","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθες","gloss":"leaving"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δηϊοτῆτα","lemma":"δηιοτής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"fighting"}]},{"number":251,"label":"251","id":"b13-l251","source":"ἠέ τι βέβληαι, βέλεος δέ σε τείρει ἀκωκή,","translation":"Are you wounded, and does the point of a missile trouble you,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l251.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠέ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to βέβληαι","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"βέβληαι","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are hit"},{"surface":"βέλεος","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ἀκωκή","gloss":"of a missile"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of τείρει","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"τείρει","lemma":"τείρω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pains"},{"surface":"ἀκωκή","lemma":"ἀκωκή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τείρει","gloss":"the point"}]},{"number":252,"label":"252","id":"b13-l252","source":"ἦέ τευ ἀγγελίης μετʼ ἔμʼ ἤλυθες; οὐδέ τοι αὐτὸς","translation":"or have you come after me with some message? For I myself","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l252.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦέ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"τευ","lemma":"τις","morphology":"genitive singular pronoun","role":"modifies ἀγγελίης","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"ἀγγελίης","lemma":"ἀγγελία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἤλυθες","gloss":"message"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"ἔμ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of μετ̓","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἤλυθες","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"I myself"}]},{"number":253,"label":"253","id":"b13-l253","source":"ἧσθαι ἐνὶ κλισίῃσι λιλαίομαι, ἀλλὰ μάχεσθαι.","translation":"do not desire to sit in the huts, but to fight.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l253.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἧσθαι","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect infinitive","role":"object of ἀλλὰ","gloss":"to sit"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κλισίῃσι","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"in huts"},{"surface":"λιλαίομαι","lemma":"λιλαίομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I desire"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἀλλὰ","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":254,"label":"254","id":"b13-l254","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖ Μηριόνης πεπνυμένος ἀντίον ηὔδα·","translation":"Then wise Meriones answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l254.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Μηριόνης","lemma":"Μηριόνης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ηὔδα","gloss":"Meriones"},{"surface":"πεπνυμένος","lemma":"πέπνυμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies Μηριόνης","gloss":"wise"},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"in reply"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":255,"label":"255","id":"b13-l255","source":"Ἰδομενεῦ, Κρητῶν βουληφόρε χαλκοχιτώνων,","translation":"\"Idomeneus, counselor of the bronze-clad Cretans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l255.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"χαλκοχιτώνων","title":"Bronze-clad Cretans","body":"The gear-epithet bronze-clad is not reserved to the Achaeans at large. Homer can apply it to a specific contingent, here the Cretans under Idomeneus."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἰδομενεῦ","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Idomeneus"},{"surface":"Κρητῶν","lemma":"Κρής","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies βουληφόρε","gloss":"of Cretans"},{"surface":"βουληφόρε","lemma":"βουληφόρος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"counselor"},{"surface":"χαλκοχιτώνων","lemma":"χαλκοχίτων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Κρητῶν","gloss":"bronze-clad"}]},{"number":256,"label":"256","id":"b13-l256","source":"ἔρχομαι εἴ τί τοι ἔγχος ἐνὶ κλισίῃσι λέλειπται","translation":"I come, if some spear has been left for you in the hut,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l256.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔρχομαι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I come"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies κλισίῃσι","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of λέλειπται","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κλισίῃσι","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"in the hut"},{"surface":"λέλειπται","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"was left"}]},{"number":257,"label":"257","id":"b13-l257","source":"οἰσόμενος· τό νυ γὰρ κατεάξαμεν ὃ πρὶν ἔχεσκον","translation":"to take it; for I shattered the one I held before","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l257.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἰσόμενος","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"future middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔρχομαι","gloss":"to fetch it"},{"surface":"τό","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of κατεάξαμεν","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"νυ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατεάξαμεν","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κατεάξαμεν","lemma":"κατάγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I shattered"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἔχεσκον","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχεσκον","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ἔχεσκον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τό","gloss":"I held"}]},{"number":258,"label":"258","id":"b13-l258","source":"ἀσπίδα Δηϊφόβοιο βαλὼν ὑπερηνορέοντος.","translation":"striking the shield of overbearing Deiphobus.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l258.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀσπίδα","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of βαλὼν","gloss":"the shield"},{"surface":"Δηϊφόβοιο","lemma":"Δηίφοβος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀσπίδα","gloss":"of Deiphobus"},{"surface":"βαλὼν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔχεσκον","gloss":"striking"},{"surface":"ὑπερηνορέοντος","lemma":"ὑπερηνορέων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Δηϊφόβοιο","gloss":"overbearing"}]},{"number":259,"label":"259","id":"b13-l259","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτʼ Ἰδομενεὺς Κρητῶν ἀγὸς ἀντίον ηὔδα·","translation":"Then Idomeneus, leader of the Cretans, answered him in turn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l259.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Ἰδομενεὺς","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Idomeneus"},{"surface":"Κρητῶν","lemma":"Κρής","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀγὸς","gloss":"of Cretans"},{"surface":"ἀγὸς","lemma":"ἀγός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"leader"},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"in reply"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":260,"label":"260","id":"b13-l260","source":"δούρατα δʼ αἴ κʼ ἐθέλῃσθα καὶ ἓν καὶ εἴκοσι δήεις","translation":"\"If you wish, not one but twenty spears you may see","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l260.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δούρατα","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δήεις","gloss":"spears"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἐθέλῃσθα","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"you wish"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἓν","lemma":"εἷς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἴκοσι","lemma":"εἴκοσι","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"twenty"},{"surface":"δήεις","lemma":"δήω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you may find"}]},{"number":261,"label":"261","id":"b13-l261","source":"ἑσταότʼ ἐν κλισίῃ πρὸς ἐνώπια παμφανόωντα","translation":"standing in the hut beside the gleaming wall,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l261.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑσταότ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative plural neuter","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κλισίῃ","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"in the hut"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"ἐνώπια","lemma":"ἐνώπια","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"the walls"},{"surface":"παμφανόωντα","lemma":"παμφανόων","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifies δούρατα","gloss":"all-shining"}]},{"number":262,"label":"262","id":"b13-l262","source":"Τρώϊα, τὰ κταμένων ἀποαίνυμαι· οὐ γὰρ ὀΐω","translation":"Trojan spears, which I strip from the men I kill;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l262.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρώϊα","lemma":"Τρώιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of κταμένων","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"κταμένων","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀποαίνυμαι","gloss":"I kill"},{"surface":"ἀποαίνυμαι","lemma":"ἀπαίνυμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"strip away"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ὀΐω","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I think"}]},{"number":263,"label":"263","id":"b13-l263","source":"ἀνδρῶν δυσμενέων ἑκὰς ἱστάμενος πολεμίζειν.","translation":"for I do not think one fights hostile men standing far away.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l263.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἑκὰς","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"δυσμενέων","lemma":"δυσμενής","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"hostile"},{"surface":"ἑκὰς","lemma":"ἑκάς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from afar"},{"surface":"ἱστάμενος","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πολεμίζειν","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"πολεμίζειν","lemma":"πολεμίζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ὀΐω","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":264,"label":"264","id":"b13-l264","source":"τώ μοι δούρατά τʼ ἔστι καὶ ἀσπίδες ὀμφαλόεσσαι","translation":"Therefore with me there are spears and bossed shields","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l264.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τώ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"δούρατά","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"spears"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there are"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀσπίδες","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"shields"},{"surface":"ὀμφαλόεσσαι","lemma":"ὀμφαλόεις","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀσπίδες","gloss":"bossed"}]},{"number":265,"label":"265","id":"b13-l265","source":"καὶ κόρυθες καὶ θώρηκες λαμπρὸν γανόωντες.","translation":"and helmets and corslets shining brightly.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l265.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κόρυθες","lemma":"κόρυς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"helmets"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θώρηκες","lemma":"θώραξ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"corslets"},{"surface":"λαμπρὸν","lemma":"λαμπρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to γανόωντες","gloss":"brightly"},{"surface":"γανόωντες","lemma":"γανόω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifies θώρηκες","gloss":"gleaming"}]},{"number":266,"label":"266","id":"b13-l266","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖ Μηριόνης πεπνυμένος ἀντίον ηὔδα·","translation":"Then wise Meriones answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l266.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Μηριόνης","lemma":"Μηριόνης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ηὔδα","gloss":"Meriones"},{"surface":"πεπνυμένος","lemma":"πέπνυμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies Μηριόνης","gloss":"wise"},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"in reply"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":267,"label":"267","id":"b13-l267","source":"καί τοι ἐμοὶ παρά τε κλισίῃ καὶ νηῒ μελαίνῃ","translation":"\"I too, by my hut and black ship,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l267.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"I too"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"παρά","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κλισίῃ","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"the hut"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νηῒ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"μελαίνῃ","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῒ","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":268,"label":"268","id":"b13-l268","source":"πόλλʼ ἔναρα Τρώων· ἀλλʼ οὐ σχεδόν ἐστιν ἑλέσθαι.","translation":"have many spoils of Trojans; but they are not near at hand to take.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l268.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πόλλ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔναρα","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ἔναρα","lemma":"ἔναρα","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"spoils"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies ἔναρα","gloss":"of Trojans"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"σχεδόν","lemma":"σχεδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐστιν","gloss":"near at hand"},{"surface":"ἐστιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ἑλέσθαι","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἐστιν","gloss":"to take"}]},{"number":269,"label":"269","id":"b13-l269","source":"οὐδὲ γὰρ οὐδʼ ἐμέ φημι λελασμένον ἔμμεναι ἀλκῆς,","translation":"For I do not say that I have forgotten valor,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l269.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐμέ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔμμεναι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"φημι","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I say"},{"surface":"λελασμένον","lemma":"λάζομαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"forgetful"},{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of φημι","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"ἀλκῆς","lemma":"ἀλκή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of λελασμένον","gloss":"of valor"}]},{"number":270,"label":"270","id":"b13-l270","source":"ἀλλὰ μετὰ πρώτοισι μάχην ἀνὰ κυδιάνειραν","translation":"but among the foremost in man-glorifying battle","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l270.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"πρώτοισι","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"the foremost"},{"surface":"μάχην","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀνὰ","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"κυδιάνειραν","lemma":"κυδιάνειρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies μάχην","gloss":"man-glorifying"}]},{"number":271,"label":"271","id":"b13-l271","source":"ἵσταμαι, ὁππότε νεῖκος ὀρώρηται πολέμοιο.","translation":"I stand whenever the strife of war is raised.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l271.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵσταμαι","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I stand"},{"surface":"ὁππότε","lemma":"ὁπότε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"νεῖκος","lemma":"νεῖκος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ὀρώρηται","gloss":"strife"},{"surface":"ὀρώρηται","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὁππότε","gloss":"arises"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies νεῖκος","gloss":"of war"}]},{"number":272,"label":"272","id":"b13-l272","source":"ἄλλόν πού τινα μᾶλλον Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων","translation":"Perhaps some other bronze-clad Achaean","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l272.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλόν","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τινα","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"πού","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"τινα","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of λήθω","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"μᾶλλον","lemma":"μᾶλλον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λήθω","gloss":"rather"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τινα","gloss":"of Achaeans"},{"surface":"χαλκοχιτώνων","lemma":"χαλκοχίτων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιῶν","gloss":"bronze-clad"}]},{"number":273,"label":"273","id":"b13-l273","source":"λήθω μαρνάμενος, σὲ δὲ ἴδμεναι αὐτὸν ὀΐω.","translation":"may fail to notice as he fights, but I think you know it yourself.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l273.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λήθω","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may miss"},{"surface":"μαρνάμενος","lemma":"μάρναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to λήθω","gloss":"while fighting"},{"surface":"σὲ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἴδμεναι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴδμεναι","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active infinitive","role":"object of ὀΐω","gloss":"to know"},{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"ὀΐω","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I think"}]},{"number":274,"label":"274","id":"b13-l274","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτʼ Ἰδομενεὺς Κρητῶν ἀγὸς ἀντίον ηὔδα·","translation":"Then Idomeneus, leader of the Cretans, answered him in turn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l274.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Ἰδομενεὺς","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Idomeneus"},{"surface":"Κρητῶν","lemma":"Κρής","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀγὸς","gloss":"of Cretans"},{"surface":"ἀγὸς","lemma":"ἀγός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"leader"},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"in reply"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":275,"label":"275","id":"b13-l275","source":"οἶδʼ ἀρετὴν οἷός ἐσσι· τί σε χρὴ ταῦτα λέγεσθαι;","translation":"\"I know what sort of valor is in you; why should you speak these things?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l275.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἶδ","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I know"},{"surface":"ἀρετὴν","lemma":"ἀρετή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐσσι","gloss":"valor"},{"surface":"οἷός","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"what sort of"},{"surface":"ἐσσι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of οἶδ̓","gloss":"you are"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to χρὴ","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject of λέγεσθαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"χρὴ","lemma":"χρή","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of λέγεσθαι","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"λέγεσθαι","lemma":"λέγω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of χρὴ","gloss":"be said"}]},{"number":276,"label":"276","id":"b13-l276","source":"εἰ γὰρ νῦν παρὰ νηυσὶ λεγοίμεθα πάντες ἄριστοι","translation":"For if now beside the ships all of us were being chosen","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l276.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λεγοίμεθα","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"by the ships"},{"surface":"λεγοίμεθα","lemma":"λέγω","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"were chosen"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄριστοι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἄριστοι","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of λεγοίμεθα","gloss":"best men"}]},{"number":277,"label":"277","id":"b13-l277","source":"ἐς λόχον, ἔνθα μάλιστʼ ἀρετὴ διαείδεται ἀνδρῶν,","translation":"for an ambush, where most of all the valor of men is shown,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l277.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"λόχον","lemma":"λόχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"for ambush"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διαείδεται","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"μάλιστ","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διαείδεται","gloss":"most of all"},{"surface":"ἀρετὴ","lemma":"ἀρετή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of διαείδεται","gloss":"valor"},{"surface":"διαείδεται","lemma":"διαείδω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing λόχον","gloss":"shows itself"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀρετὴ","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":278,"label":"278","id":"b13-l278","source":"ἔνθʼ ὅ τε δειλὸς ἀνὴρ ὅς τʼ ἄλκιμος ἐξεφαάνθη·","translation":"where both the coward and the brave man are made plain;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l278.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐξεφαάνθη","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δειλὸς","lemma":"δειλός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"cowardly"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τ̓","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλκιμος","lemma":"ἄλκιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"brave"},{"surface":"ἐξεφαάνθη","lemma":"ἐκφαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"appears clearly"}]},{"number":279,"label":"279","id":"b13-l279","source":"τοῦ μὲν γάρ τε κακοῦ τρέπεται χρὼς ἄλλυδις ἄλλῃ,","translation":"for the skin of the coward changes color one way and another,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l279.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies χρὼς","gloss":"of him"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κακοῦ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τοῦ","gloss":"coward's"},{"surface":"τρέπεται","lemma":"τρέπω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"changes"},{"surface":"χρὼς","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τρέπεται","gloss":"his color"},{"surface":"ἄλλυδις","lemma":"ἄλλυδις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τρέπεται","gloss":"one way"},{"surface":"ἄλλῃ","lemma":"ἄλλῃ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τρέπεται","gloss":"another"}]},{"number":280,"label":"280","id":"b13-l280","source":"οὐδέ οἱ ἀτρέμας ἧσθαι ἐρητύετʼ ἐν φρεσὶ θυμός,","translation":"nor can his heart keep him sitting steady in his breast,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l280.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies θυμός","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἀτρέμας","lemma":"ἀτρέμας","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἧσθαι","gloss":"steady"},{"surface":"ἧσθαι","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect infinitive","role":"object of ἐρητύετ̓","gloss":"to sit"},{"surface":"ἐρητύετ","lemma":"ἐρητύω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"holds fast"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"modifies ἐν","gloss":"in his breast"},{"surface":"θυμός","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐρητύετ̓","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":281,"label":"281","id":"b13-l281","source":"ἀλλὰ μετοκλάζει καὶ ἐπʼ ἀμφοτέρους πόδας ἵζει,","translation":"but he shifts from foot to foot and sinks down on both feet,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l281.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μετοκλάζει","lemma":"μετοκλάζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shifts"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ἀμφοτέρους","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόδας","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"πόδας","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"ἵζει","lemma":"ἵζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sinks down"}]},{"number":282,"label":"282","id":"b13-l282","source":"ἐν δέ τέ οἱ κραδίη μεγάλα στέρνοισι πατάσσει","translation":"and within him his heart beats loud against his ribs","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l282.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies στέρνοισι","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"κραδίη","lemma":"καρδία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of πατάσσει","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"μεγάλα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to πατάσσει","gloss":"loudly"},{"surface":"στέρνοισι","lemma":"στέρνον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"against ribs"},{"surface":"πατάσσει","lemma":"πατάσσω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"beats"}]},{"number":283,"label":"283","id":"b13-l283","source":"κῆρας ὀϊομένῳ, πάταγος δέ τε γίγνετʼ ὀδόντων·","translation":"as he thinks of death, and the clatter of his teeth arises;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l283.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κῆρας","lemma":"κήρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὀϊομένῳ","gloss":"doom"},{"surface":"ὀϊομένῳ","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"thinking of"},{"surface":"πάταγος","lemma":"πάταγος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of γίγνετ̓","gloss":"clatter"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γίγνετ","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"arises"},{"surface":"ὀδόντων","lemma":"ὀδούς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies πάταγος","gloss":"of teeth"}]},{"number":284,"label":"284","id":"b13-l284","source":"τοῦ δʼ ἀγαθοῦ οὔτʼ ἂρ τρέπεται χρὼς οὔτέ τι λίην","translation":"but the brave man's color does not change, nor is he overly afraid,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l284.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine article","role":"modifies ἀγαθοῦ","gloss":"of the brave"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγαθοῦ","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χρὼς","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἂρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τρέπεται","lemma":"τρέπω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"changes"},{"surface":"χρὼς","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of οὔτέ","gloss":"color"},{"surface":"οὔτέ","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ταρβεῖ","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"λίην","lemma":"λίαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ταρβεῖ","gloss":"too much"}]},{"number":285,"label":"285","id":"b13-l285","source":"ταρβεῖ, ἐπειδὰν πρῶτον ἐσίζηται λόχον ἀνδρῶν,","translation":"once he is set in the ambush of men,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l285.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ταρβεῖ","lemma":"ταρβέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fears"},{"surface":"ἐπειδὰν","lemma":"ἐπειδάν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"πρῶτον","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐσίζηται","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ἐσίζηται","lemma":"εἰσίζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπειδὰν","gloss":"is seated"},{"surface":"λόχον","lemma":"λόχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐσίζηται","gloss":"in ambush"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies λόχον","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":286,"label":"286","id":"b13-l286","source":"ἀρᾶται δὲ τάχιστα μιγήμεναι ἐν δαῒ λυγρῇ·","translation":"but he prays to join battle in bitter war as soon as may be.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l286.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀρᾶται","lemma":"ἀράομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"prays"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τάχιστα","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to μιγήμεναι","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"μιγήμεναι","lemma":"μίγνυμι","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"object of ἀρᾶται","gloss":"to join"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δαῒ","lemma":"δηϊοτής","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to φυλακτῆρα","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"λυγρῇ","lemma":"λυγρός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies δαῒ","gloss":"grim"}]},{"number":287,"label":"287","id":"b13-l287","source":"οὐδέ κεν ἔνθα τεόν γε μένος καὶ χεῖρας ὄνοιτο.","translation":"There no man would make light of your spirit or your hands.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l287.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄνοιτο","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"τεόν","lemma":"τεός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ὄνοιτο","lemma":"ὄνομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would slight"}]},{"number":288,"label":"288","id":"b13-l288","source":"εἴ περ γάρ κε βλεῖο πονεύμενος ἠὲ τυπείης","translation":"Even if you should be struck while toiling, whether by missile or close blow,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l288.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"βλεῖο","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἠὲ","gloss":"were struck"},{"surface":"πονεύμενος","lemma":"πονέω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βλεῖο","gloss":"while toiling"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἠέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"τυπείης","lemma":"τύπτω","morphology":"aorist passive optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἠὲ","gloss":"were hit"}]},{"number":289,"label":"289","id":"b13-l289","source":"οὐκ ἂν ἐν αὐχένʼ ὄπισθε πέσοι βέλος οὐδʼ ἐνὶ νώτῳ,","translation":"the weapon would not hit you in the back of the neck nor in the back,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l289.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"αὐχέν","lemma":"αὐχήν","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"in the neck"},{"surface":"ὄπισθε","lemma":"ὄπισθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πέσοι","gloss":"from behind"},{"surface":"πέσοι","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would fall"},{"surface":"βέλος","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of πέσοι","gloss":"missile"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"νώτῳ","lemma":"νῶτον","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"in the back"}]},{"number":290,"label":"290","id":"b13-l290","source":"ἀλλά κεν ἢ στέρνων ἢ νηδύος ἀντιάσειε","translation":"but would meet either your chest or belly","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l290.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"στέρνων","lemma":"στέρνον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἢ","gloss":"of chest"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"νηδύος","lemma":"νηδύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἢ","gloss":"of belly"},{"surface":"ἀντιάσειε","lemma":"ἀντιάζω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would meet"}]},{"number":291,"label":"291","id":"b13-l291","source":"πρόσσω ἱεμένοιο μετὰ προμάχων ὀαριστύν.","translation":"as you pressed forward among the foremost fighters.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l291.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρόσσω","lemma":"πρόσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἱεμένοιο","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"ἱεμένοιο","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"pressing on"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"προμάχων","lemma":"πρόμαχος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀαριστύν","gloss":"front-rankers"},{"surface":"ὀαριστύν","lemma":"ὀαριστύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"press"}]},{"number":292,"label":"292","id":"b13-l292","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε μηκέτι ταῦτα λεγώμεθα νηπύτιοι ὣς","translation":"But come, let us no longer talk thus like children","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l292.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"μηκέτι","lemma":"μηκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λεγώμεθα","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of λεγώμεθα","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"λεγώμεθα","lemma":"λέγω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us speak"},{"surface":"νηπύτιοι","lemma":"νηπύτιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"childish"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like this"}]},{"number":293,"label":"293","id":"b13-l293","source":"ἑσταότες, μή πού τις ὑπερφιάλως νεμεσήσῃ·","translation":"standing here, lest someone sharply rebuke us;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l293.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑσταότες","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to λεγώμεθα","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πού","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of νεμεσήσῃ","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"ὑπερφιάλως","lemma":"ὑπερφίαλος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to νεμεσήσῃ","gloss":"harshly"},{"surface":"νεμεσήσῃ","lemma":"νεμεσάω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μή","gloss":"rebuke"}]},{"number":294,"label":"294","id":"b13-l294","source":"ἀλλὰ σύ γε κλισίην δὲ κιὼν ἕλευ ὄβριμον ἔγχος.","translation":"and you, go into the hut and take up a mighty spear.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l294.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἕλευ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κλισίην","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κιὼν","gloss":"the hut"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κιὼν","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕλευ","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"ἕλευ","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"take up"},{"surface":"ὄβριμον","lemma":"ὄβριμος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἕλευ","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":295,"label":"295","id":"b13-l295","source":"ὣς φάτο, Μηριόνης δὲ θοῷ ἀτάλαντος Ἄρηϊ","translation":"So he spoke, and Meriones, peer of swift Ares,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l295.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"Μηριόνης","lemma":"Μηριόνης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"Meriones"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θοῷ","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρηϊ","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἀτάλαντος","lemma":"ἀτάλαντος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μηριόνης","gloss":"peer"},{"surface":"Ἄρηϊ","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀτάλαντος","gloss":"Ares"}]},{"number":296,"label":"296","id":"b13-l296","source":"καρπαλίμως κλισίηθεν ἀνείλετο χάλκεον ἔγχος,","translation":"quickly from the hut took up the bronze spear,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l296.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καρπαλίμως","lemma":"καρπάλιμος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνείλετο","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"κλισίηθεν","lemma":"κλισίηθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἀνείλετο","gloss":"from the hut"},{"surface":"ἀνείλετο","lemma":"ἀναιρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took up"},{"surface":"χάλκεον","lemma":"χάλκεος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀνείλετο","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":297,"label":"297","id":"b13-l297","source":"βῆ δὲ μετʼ Ἰδομενῆα μέγα πτολέμοιο μεμηλώς.","translation":"and went after Idomeneus, greatly intent on war.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l297.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"Ἰδομενῆα","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μετ̓","gloss":"after Idomeneus"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to μεμηλώς","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"πτολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of μεμηλώς","gloss":"for war"},{"surface":"μεμηλώς","lemma":"μέλω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"intent"}]},{"number":298,"label":"298","id":"b13-l298","source":"οἷος δὲ βροτολοιγὸς Ἄρης πόλεμον δὲ μέτεισι,","translation":"As man-slaying Ares goes into battle,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l298.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἷος","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βροτολοιγὸς","lemma":"βροτολοιγός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρης","gloss":"man-slaying"},{"surface":"Ἄρης","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μέτεισι","gloss":"Ares"},{"surface":"πόλεμον","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μέτεισι","gloss":"to battle"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέτεισι","lemma":"μέτειμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"goes"}]},{"number":299,"label":"299","id":"b13-l299","source":"τῷ δὲ Φόβος φίλος υἱὸς ἅμα κρατερὸς καὶ ἀταρβὴς","translation":"and with him goes his dear son Rout, strong and fearless,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l299.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἕσπετο","gloss":"with him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Φόβος","lemma":"φόβος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Panic"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕσπετο","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"κρατερὸς","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀταρβὴς","lemma":"ἀταρβής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"fearless"}]},{"number":300,"label":"300","id":"b13-l300","source":"ἕσπετο, ὅς τʼ ἐφόβησε ταλάφρονά περ πολεμιστήν·","translation":"who strikes terror even in a stout-hearted warrior,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l300.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕσπετο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"goes along"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐφόβησε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐφόβησε","lemma":"φοβέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing υἱὸς","gloss":"terrifies"},{"surface":"ταλάφρονά","lemma":"ταλάφρων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πολεμιστήν","gloss":"stout-hearted"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"πολεμιστήν","lemma":"πολεμιστής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐφόβησε","gloss":"fighter"}]},{"number":301,"label":"301","id":"b13-l301","source":"τὼ μὲν ἄρʼ ἐκ Θρῄκης Ἐφύρους μέτα θωρήσσεσθον,","translation":"they two go forth from Thrace to arm among the Ephyri","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l301.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of θωρήσσεσθον","gloss":"they two"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Θρῄκης","lemma":"Θρᾴκη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"from Thrace"},{"surface":"Ἐφύρους","lemma":"Ἐφύρα","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μέτα","gloss":"the Ephyri"},{"surface":"μέτα","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"θωρήσσεσθον","lemma":"θωρήσσω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"arm themselves"}]},{"number":302,"label":"302","id":"b13-l302","source":"ἠὲ μετὰ Φλεγύας μεγαλήτορας· οὐδʼ ἄρα τώ γε","translation":"or among the great-hearted Phlegyans; but they do not listen to both sides,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l302.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"Φλεγύας","lemma":"Φλέγυας","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"the Phlegyans"},{"surface":"μεγαλήτορας","lemma":"μεγαλήτωρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies Φλεγύας","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τώ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔκλυον","gloss":"they two"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":303,"label":"303","id":"b13-l303","source":"ἔκλυον ἀμφοτέρων, ἑτέροισι δὲ κῦδος ἔδωκαν·","translation":"and they give glory to one side or the other.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l303.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔκλυον","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"heed"},{"surface":"ἀμφοτέρων","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἔκλυον","gloss":"both sides"},{"surface":"ἑτέροισι","lemma":"ἕτερος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἔδωκαν","gloss":"to one side"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κῦδος","lemma":"κῦδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔδωκαν","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ἔδωκαν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"they give"}]},{"number":304,"label":"304","id":"b13-l304","source":"τοῖοι Μηριόνης τε καὶ Ἰδομενεὺς ἀγοὶ ἀνδρῶν","translation":"So Meriones and Idomeneus, leaders of men,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l304.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖοι","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"Μηριόνης","lemma":"Μηριόνης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Meriones"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἰδομενεὺς","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Idomeneus"},{"surface":"ἀγοὶ","lemma":"ἀγός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"leaders"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀγοὶ","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":305,"label":"305","id":"b13-l305","source":"ἤϊσαν ἐς πόλεμον κεκορυθμένοι αἴθοπι χαλκῷ.","translation":"went into battle armed in blazing bronze.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l305.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤϊσαν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"πόλεμον","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"to battle"},{"surface":"κεκορυθμένοι","lemma":"κορύσσω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤϊσαν","gloss":"armed"},{"surface":"αἴθοπι","lemma":"αἶθοψ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies χαλκῷ","gloss":"in blazing"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κεκορυθμένοι","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":306,"label":"306","id":"b13-l306","source":"τὸν καὶ Μηριόνης πρότερος πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπε·","translation":"And Meriones spoke to him first:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l306.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔειπε","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μηριόνης","lemma":"Μηριόνης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔειπε","gloss":"Meriones"},{"surface":"πρότερος","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔειπε","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ἔειπε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":307,"label":"307","id":"b13-l307","source":"Δευκαλίδη πῇ τὰρ μέμονας καταδῦναι ὅμιλον;","translation":"\"Son of Deucalion, where do you desire to plunge into the throng?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l307.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Δευκαλίδη","lemma":"Δευκαλίδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Deucalion son"},{"surface":"πῇ","lemma":"πῆ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μέμονας","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"τὰρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μέμονας","lemma":"μέμονα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are eager"},{"surface":"καταδῦναι","lemma":"καταδύω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of μέμονας","gloss":"to plunge"},{"surface":"ὅμιλον","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καταδῦναι","gloss":"into the throng"}]},{"number":308,"label":"308","id":"b13-l308","source":"ἢ ἐπὶ δεξιόφιν παντὸς στρατοῦ, ἦ ἀνὰ μέσσους,","translation":"On the right of the whole host, or among the center,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l308.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"δεξιόφιν","lemma":"δεξιός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"on the right"},{"surface":"παντὸς","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies στρατοῦ","gloss":"of all"},{"surface":"στρατοῦ","lemma":"στρατός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δεξιόφιν","gloss":"the host"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"μέσσους","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀνὰ","gloss":"the middle"}]},{"number":309,"label":"309","id":"b13-l309","source":"ἦ ἐπʼ ἀριστερόφιν; ἐπεὶ οὔ ποθι ἔλπομαι οὕτω","translation":"or on the left? For nowhere, I think, will","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l309.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ἀριστερόφιν","lemma":"ἀριστερός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπ̓","gloss":"on the left"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ποθι","lemma":"ποθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δεύεσθαι","gloss":"anywhere"},{"surface":"ἔλπομαι","lemma":"ἔλπω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"I expect"},{"surface":"οὕτω","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δεύεσθαι","gloss":"so"}]},{"number":310,"label":"310","id":"b13-l310","source":"δεύεσθαι πολέμοιο κάρη κομόωντας Ἀχαιούς.","translation":"the long-haired Achaeans be so lacking in battle.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l310.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κάρη κομόωντας Ἀχαιούς","title":"Long-haired Achaeans","body":"This is a standing ethnic epithet, not a stray descriptive flourish. Homer keeps several fixed gear or appearance tags for the Achaeans, and long-haired is one of them."}],"words":[{"surface":"δεύεσθαι","lemma":"δεύω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἔλπομαι","gloss":"to be lacking"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of δεύεσθαι","gloss":"of battle"},{"surface":"κάρη","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κομόωντας","gloss":"heads"},{"surface":"κομόωντας","lemma":"κομάω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifies Ἀχαιούς","gloss":"long-haired"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of δεύεσθαι","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":311,"label":"311","id":"b13-l311","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτʼ Ἰδομενεὺς Κρητῶν ἀγὸς ἀντίον ηὔδα·","translation":"Then Idomeneus, leader of the Cretans, answered him in turn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l311.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Ἰδομενεὺς","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Idomeneus"},{"surface":"Κρητῶν","lemma":"Κρήτη","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀγὸς","gloss":"of Cretans"},{"surface":"ἀγὸς","lemma":"ἀγός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"leader"},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"in reply"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":312,"label":"312","id":"b13-l312","source":"νηυσὶ μὲν ἐν μέσσῃσιν ἀμύνειν εἰσὶ καὶ ἄλλοι","translation":"\"In the middle ships there are others to defend them,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l312.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μέσσῃσιν","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶ","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"ἀμύνειν","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to εἰσὶ","gloss":"to defend"},{"surface":"εἰσὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there are"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"others"}]},{"number":313,"label":"313","id":"b13-l313","source":"Αἴαντές τε δύω Τεῦκρός θʼ, ὃς ἄριστος Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"the two Ajaxes and Teucer, who is best of the Achaeans","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l313.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἴαντές","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of θ̓","gloss":"the Ajaxes"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies Αἴαντές","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"Τεῦκρός","lemma":"Τεῦκρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θ̓","gloss":"Teucer"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ἄριστος","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἄριστος","gloss":"of Achaeans"}]},{"number":314,"label":"314","id":"b13-l314","source":"τοξοσύνῃ, ἀγαθὸς δὲ καὶ ἐν σταδίῃ ὑσμίνῃ·","translation":"in archery, and good too in standing combat.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l314.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοξοσύνῃ","lemma":"τοξοσύνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἄριστος","gloss":"in archery"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὸς","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"σταδίῃ","lemma":"στάδιος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὑσμίνῃ","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"ὑσμίνῃ","lemma":"ὑσμίνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"combat"}]},{"number":315,"label":"315","id":"b13-l315","source":"οἵ μιν ἅδην ἐλόωσι καὶ ἐσσύμενον πολέμοιο","translation":"They will give enough trouble, even to one eager for battle,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l315.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐλόωσι","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἅδην","lemma":"ἅδην","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐλόωσι","gloss":"enough"},{"surface":"ἐλόωσι","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will check"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐσσύμενον","lemma":"ἐσσύμενος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"eager"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἅδην","gloss":"for battle"}]},{"number":316,"label":"316","id":"b13-l316","source":"Ἕκτορα Πριαμίδην, καὶ εἰ μάλα καρτερός ἐστιν.","translation":"Hector son of Priam, however strong he is.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l316.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορα","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"Πριαμίδην","lemma":"Πριαμίδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἕκτορα","gloss":"Priam son"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καρτερός","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"καρτερός","lemma":"καρτερός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"ἐστιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"he is"}]},{"number":317,"label":"317","id":"b13-l317","source":"αἰπύ οἱ ἐσσεῖται μάλα περ μεμαῶτι μάχεσθαι","translation":"Hard will it be for him, though eager for battle,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l317.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰπύ","lemma":"αἰπύς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐσσεῖται","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"ἐσσεῖται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it will be"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μεμαῶτι","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"μεμαῶτι","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"eager"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"subject of ἐσσεῖται","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":318,"label":"318","id":"b13-l318","source":"κείνων νικήσαντι μένος καὶ χεῖρας ἀάπτους","translation":"to conquer their strength and irresistible hands","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l318.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κείνων","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"νικήσαντι","lemma":"νικάω","morphology":"aorist active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"mastering"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἀάπτους","lemma":"ἄαπτος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χεῖρας","gloss":"unwearied"}]},{"number":319,"label":"319","id":"b13-l319","source":"νῆας ἐνιπρῆσαι, ὅτε μὴ αὐτός γε Κρονίων","translation":"and set fire to the ships, unless the son of Cronos himself","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l319.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐνιπρῆσαι","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐνιπρῆσαι","lemma":"ἐμπίμπρημι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to νικήσαντι","gloss":"to set ablaze"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"unless"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"αὐτός","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Κρονίων","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐμβάλοι","gloss":"Cronion"}]},{"number":320,"label":"320","id":"b13-l320","source":"ἐμβάλοι αἰθόμενον δαλὸν νήεσσι θοῇσιν.","translation":"casts a burning brand on the swift ships.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l320.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐμβάλοι","lemma":"ἐμβάλλω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"casts"},{"surface":"αἰθόμενον","lemma":"αἴθω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies δαλὸν","gloss":"burning"},{"surface":"δαλὸν","lemma":"δαλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐμβάλοι","gloss":"brand"},{"surface":"νήεσσι","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐμβάλοι","gloss":"on ships"},{"surface":"θοῇσιν","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νήεσσι","gloss":"swift"}]},{"number":321,"label":"321","id":"b13-l321","source":"ἀνδρὶ δέ κʼ οὐκ εἴξειε μέγας Τελαμώνιος Αἴας,","translation":"To a man great Ajax, son of Telamon, would not give way,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l321.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρὶ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἴξειε","gloss":"to a man"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"εἴξειε","lemma":"εἴκω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would yield"},{"surface":"μέγας","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"Τελαμώνιος","lemma":"Τελαμών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"Telamonian"},{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἴξειε","gloss":"Ajax"}]},{"number":322,"label":"322","id":"b13-l322","source":"ὃς θνητός τʼ εἴη καὶ ἔδοι Δημήτερος ἀκτὴν","translation":"if that man were mortal and ate Demeter's grain,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l322.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴη","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"θνητός","lemma":"θνητός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"mortal"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"might be"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔδοι","lemma":"ἔδω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"might eat"},{"surface":"Δημήτερος","lemma":"Δημήτηρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies 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word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χερμαδίοισιν","lemma":"χερμάδιον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"stones"}]},{"number":324,"label":"324","id":"b13-l324","source":"οὐδʼ ἂν Ἀχιλλῆϊ ῥηξήνορι χωρήσειεν","translation":"He would not yield even to Achilles, breaker of ranks,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l324.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλῆϊ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of χωρήσειεν","gloss":"to Achilles"},{"surface":"ῥηξήνορι","lemma":"ῥηξήνωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλῆϊ","gloss":"breaker of ranks"},{"surface":"χωρήσειεν","lemma":"χωρέω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would give way"}]},{"number":325,"label":"325","id":"b13-l325","source":"ἔν γʼ αὐτοσταδίῃ· ποσὶ δʼ οὔ πως ἔστιν ἐρίζειν.","translation":"in stand-up fight; only in feet there is no contending.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l325.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"αὐτοσταδίῃ","lemma":"αὐτοσταδίη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔν","gloss":"in stand-up fight"},{"surface":"ποσὶ","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐρίζειν","gloss":"in feet"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πως","lemma":"πως","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to 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—⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l327.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴδομεν","lemma":"εἴδω","morphology":"perfect active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"let us see"},{"surface":"ἠέ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"τῳ","lemma":"τις","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὀρέξομεν","gloss":"to someone"},{"surface":"εὖχος","lemma":"εὖχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὀρέξομεν","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ὀρέξομεν","lemma":"ὀρέγω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"object of ἦέ","gloss":"we shall grant"},{"surface":"ἦέ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"ἡμῖν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"to us"}]},{"number":328,"label":"328","id":"b13-l328","source":"ὣς φάτο, Μηριόνης δὲ θοῷ ἀτάλαντος Ἄρηϊ","translation":"So he spoke, and Meriones, peer of swift Ares,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l328.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"Μηριόνης","lemma":"Μηριόνης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦρχ̓","gloss":"Meriones"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θοῷ","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρηϊ","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἀτάλαντος","lemma":"ἀτάλαντος","morphology":"nominative singular 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came"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"στρατὸν","lemma":"στρατός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"down the host"},{"surface":"ᾗ","lemma":"ᾗ","morphology":"adverb","role":"object","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀνώγει","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἀνώγει","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἀφίκοντο","gloss":"had ordered"}]},{"number":330,"label":"330","id":"b13-l330","source":"οἳ δʼ ὡς Ἰδομενῆα ἴδον φλογὶ εἴκελον ἀλκὴν","translation":"When they saw Idomeneus, like a flame in strength,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l330.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἴδον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"Ἰδομενῆα","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Idomeneus"},{"surface":"ἴδον","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"φλογὶ","lemma":"φλόξ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἴκελον","gloss":"flame"},{"surface":"εἴκελον","lemma":"εἴκελος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἰδομενῆα","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ἀλκὴν","lemma":"ἀλκή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to εἴκελον","gloss":"in strength"}]},{"number":331,"label":"331","id":"b13-l331","source":"αὐτὸν καὶ θεράποντα σὺν ἔντεσι δαιδαλέοισι,","translation":"and his attendant with him in cunning-wrought armor,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l331.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεράποντα","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"attendant"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ἔντεσι","lemma":"ἔντεα","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"δαιδαλέοισι","lemma":"δαιδάλεος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔντεσι","gloss":"cunning-wrought"}]},{"number":332,"label":"332","id":"b13-l332","source":"κεκλόμενοι καθʼ ὅμιλον ἐπʼ αὐτῷ πάντες ἔβησαν·","translation":"calling through the throng, they all advanced upon him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l332.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεκλόμενοι","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔβησαν","gloss":"calling out"},{"surface":"καθ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ὅμιλον","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καθ̓","gloss":"through the throng"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"against him"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἔβησαν","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἔβησαν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"advanced"}]},{"number":333,"label":"333","id":"b13-l333","source":"τῶν δʼ ὁμὸν ἵστατο νεῖκος ἐπὶ πρυμνῇσι νέεσσιν.","translation":"and the struggle stood gathered at the ships' sterns.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l333.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἵστατο","gloss":"of them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὁμὸν","lemma":"ὁμός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies νεῖκος","gloss":"gathered"},{"surface":"ἵστατο","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 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—×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l335.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤματι","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to σπέρχωσιν","gloss":"on a day"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular neuter article","role":"modifies ἤματι","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πλείστη","lemma":"πλεῖστος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κόνις","gloss":"deepest"},{"surface":"κόνις","lemma":"κόνις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"dust"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"κελεύθους","lemma":"κέλευθος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"the roads"}]},{"number":336,"label":"336","id":"b13-l336","source":"οἵ τʼ ἄμυδις κονίης μεγάλην ἱστᾶσιν ὀμίχλην,","translation":"and they lift together a great cloud of dust,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l336.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἱστᾶσιν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄμυδις","lemma":"ἄμυδις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἱστᾶσιν","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"κονίης","lemma":"κονία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ὀμίχλην","gloss":"of dust"},{"surface":"μεγάλην","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὀμίχλην","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ἱστᾶσιν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to τ̓","gloss":"raise up"},{"surface":"ὀμίχλην","lemma":"ὁμίχλη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἱστᾶσιν","gloss":"cloud"}]},{"number":337,"label":"337","id":"b13-l337","source":"ὣς ἄρα τῶν ὁμόσʼ ἦλθε μάχη, μέμασαν δʼ ἐνὶ θυμῷ","translation":"so their battle came together; and in their hearts they were eager","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l337.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies μάχη","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"ὁμόσ","lemma":"ὁμόσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἦλθε","gloss":"head-on"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"μάχη","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθε","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"μέμασαν","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were eager"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"in heart"}]},{"number":338,"label":"338","id":"b13-l338","source":"ἀλλήλους καθʼ ὅμιλον ἐναιρέμεν ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ.","translation":"to kill one another through the throng with sharp bronze.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l338.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλήλους","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐναιρέμεν","gloss":"each other"},{"surface":"καθ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ὅμιλον","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καθ̓","gloss":"through the throng"},{"surface":"ἐναιρέμεν","lemma":"ἐναίρω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of μέμασαν","gloss":"to kill"},{"surface":"ὀξέϊ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκῷ","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐναιρέμεν","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":339,"label":"339","id":"b13-l339","source":"ἔφριξεν δὲ μάχη φθισίμβροτος ἐγχείῃσι","translation":"And the man-destroying battle bristled with long spears","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l339.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"φθισίμβροτος","title":"Man-destroying","body":"φθισίμβροτος is a compact battle-epithet meaning destructive of mortals. Homer gives the clash itself a lethal life before any individual kill is narrated."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔφριξεν","lemma":"φρίσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bristled"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάχη","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔφριξεν","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"φθισίμβροτος","lemma":"φθισίμβροτος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μάχη","gloss":"man-destroying"},{"surface":"ἐγχείῃσι","lemma":"ἐγχείη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔφριξεν","gloss":"with spears"}]},{"number":340,"label":"340","id":"b13-l340","source":"μακρῇς, ἃς εἶχον ταμεσίχροας· ὄσσε δʼ ἄμερδεν","translation":"flesh-rending spears they held; and the eyes were dazzled","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l340.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ταμεσίχροας","title":"Flesh-rending","body":"The adjective literally marks what cuts skin or flesh. Homer keeps the spear's bodily effect before the line even reaches the shining armor."}],"words":[{"surface":"μακρῇς","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἐγχείῃσι","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"ἃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of εἶχον","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"εἶχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἐγχείῃσι","gloss":"they held"},{"surface":"ταμεσίχροας","lemma":"ταμεσίχρως","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"flesh-rending"},{"surface":"ὄσσε","lemma":"ὄσσε","morphology":"accusative dual neuter noun","role":"object of ἄμερδεν","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄμερδεν","lemma":"ἀμέρδω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dazzled"}]},{"number":341,"label":"341","id":"b13-l341","source":"αὐγὴ χαλκείη κορύθων ἄπο λαμπομενάων","translation":"by the brazen gleam from shining helmets","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l341.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐγὴ","lemma":"αὐγή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἄμερδεν","gloss":"gleam"},{"surface":"χαλκείη","lemma":"χάλκειος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αὐγὴ","gloss":"brazen"},{"surface":"κορύθων","lemma":"κόρυς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"from helmets"},{"surface":"ἄπο","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"λαμπομενάων","lemma":"λάμπω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive plural feminine","role":"modifies κορύθων","gloss":"shining"}]},{"number":342,"label":"342","id":"b13-l342","source":"θωρήκων τε νεοσμήκτων σακέων τε φαεινῶν","translation":"and newly-polished corslets and bright shields","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l342.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θωρήκων","lemma":"θώραξ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"from corslets"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νεοσμήκτων","lemma":"νεόσμηκτος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θωρήκων","gloss":"new-polished"},{"surface":"σακέων","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"from shields"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φαεινῶν","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies σακέων","gloss":"bright"}]},{"number":343,"label":"343","id":"b13-l343","source":"ἐρχομένων ἄμυδις· μάλα κεν θρασυκάρδιος εἴη","translation":"as they came together. Very hard-hearted would he be","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l343.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐρχομένων","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"coming"},{"surface":"ἄμυδις","lemma":"ἄμυδις","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐρχομένων","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"θρασυκάρδιος","lemma":"θρασυκάρδιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"hard-hearted"},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would be"}]},{"number":344,"label":"344","id":"b13-l344","source":"ὃς τότε γηθήσειεν ἰδὼν πόνον οὐδʼ ἀκάχοιτο.","translation":"who then could rejoice seeing that toil and not be grieved.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l344.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"γηθήσειεν","lemma":"γηθέω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"might rejoice"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to γηθήσειεν","gloss":"seeing"},{"surface":"πόνον","lemma":"πόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἰδὼν","gloss":"that toil"},{"surface":"ἀκάχοιτο","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"not grieve"}]},{"number":345,"label":"345","id":"b13-l345","source":"τὼ δʼ ἀμφὶς φρονέοντε δύω Κρόνου υἷε κραταιὼ","translation":"The two mighty sons of Cronos, with opposing minds,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l345.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶς","lemma":"ἀμφίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φρονέοντε","gloss":"at odds"},{"surface":"φρονέοντε","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐτεύχετον","gloss":"thinking"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies υἷε","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"Κρόνου","lemma":"Κρόνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἷε","gloss":"of Cronos"},{"surface":"υἷε","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐτεύχετον","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"κραταιὼ","lemma":"κραταιός","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷε","gloss":"mighty"}]},{"number":346,"label":"346","id":"b13-l346","source":"ἀνδράσιν ἡρώεσσιν ἐτεύχετον ἄλγεα λυγρά.","translation":"were preparing grievous pains for the warrior men.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l346.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδράσιν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐτεύχετον","gloss":"for men"},{"surface":"ἡρώεσσιν","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνδράσιν","gloss":"warriors"},{"surface":"ἐτεύχετον","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"prepared"},{"surface":"ἄλγεα","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐτεύχετον","gloss":"pains"},{"surface":"λυγρά","lemma":"λυγρός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄλγεα","gloss":"grievous"}]},{"number":347,"label":"347","id":"b13-l347","source":"Ζεὺς μέν ῥα Τρώεσσι καὶ Ἕκτορι βούλετο νίκην","translation":"Zeus indeed wished victory for the Trojans and Hector,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l347.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βούλετο","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"for Trojans"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορι","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"for Hector"},{"surface":"βούλετο","lemma":"βούλομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wanted"},{"surface":"νίκην","lemma":"νίκη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of βούλετο","gloss":"victory"}]},{"number":348,"label":"348","id":"b13-l348","source":"κυδαίνων Ἀχιλῆα πόδας ταχύν· οὐδέ τι πάμπαν","translation":"honoring swift-footed Achilles; yet not utterly","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l348.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κυδαίνων","lemma":"κυδαίνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βούλετο","gloss":"honoring"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆα","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κυδαίνων","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"πόδας","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ταχύν","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"ταχύν","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλῆα","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἤθελε","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"πάμπαν","lemma":"πάμπαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀλέσθαι","gloss":"utterly"}]},{"number":349,"label":"349","id":"b13-l349","source":"ἤθελε λαὸν ὀλέσθαι Ἀχαιϊκὸν Ἰλιόθι πρό,","translation":"did he wish the Achaean people to perish there before Ilion,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l349.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤθελε","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did he wish"},{"surface":"λαὸν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὀλέσθαι","gloss":"the people"},{"surface":"ὀλέσθαι","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ἤθελε","gloss":"to perish"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιϊκὸν","lemma":"Ἀχαιικός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λαὸν","gloss":"Achaean"},{"surface":"Ἰλιόθι","lemma":"Ἰλιόθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πρό","gloss":"before Ilion"},{"surface":"πρό","lemma":"πρό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"}]},{"number":350,"label":"350","id":"b13-l350","source":"ἀλλὰ Θέτιν κύδαινε καὶ υἱέα καρτερόθυμον.","translation":"but to honor Thetis and her strong-hearted son.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l350.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Θέτιν","lemma":"θέτις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Thetis"},{"surface":"κύδαινε","lemma":"κυδαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"to honor"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"υἱέα","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"her son"},{"surface":"καρτερόθυμον","lemma":"καρτερόθυμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱέα","gloss":"strong-hearted"}]},{"number":351,"label":"351","id":"b13-l351","source":"Ἀργείους δὲ Ποσειδάων ὀρόθυνε μετελθὼν","translation":"But Poseidon, coming among them, roused the Argives","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l351.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργείους","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὀρόθυνε","gloss":"Argives"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ποσειδάων","lemma":"Ποσειδεών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὀρόθυνε","gloss":"Poseidon"},{"surface":"ὀρόθυνε","lemma":"ὀροθύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"roused"},{"surface":"μετελθὼν","lemma":"μετέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὀρόθυνε","gloss":"coming among"}]},{"number":352,"label":"352","id":"b13-l352","source":"λάθρῃ ὑπεξαναδὺς πολιῆς ἁλός· ἤχθετο γάρ ῥα","translation":"secretly, rising from the gray sea unseen;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l352.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λάθρῃ","lemma":"λάθρῃ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὑπεξαναδὺς","gloss":"secretly"},{"surface":"ὑπεξαναδὺς","lemma":"ὑπεξαναδύομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὀρόθυνε","gloss":"rising unseen"},{"surface":"πολιῆς","lemma":"πολιός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἁλός","gloss":"gray"},{"surface":"ἁλός","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπεξαναδὺς","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"ἤχθετο","lemma":"ἔχθω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was vexed"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"}]},{"number":353,"label":"353","id":"b13-l353","source":"Τρωσὶν δαμναμένους, Διὶ δὲ κρατερῶς ἐνεμέσσα.","translation":"being broken by the Trojans, and was fiercely angry with Zeus.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l353.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρωσὶν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δαμναμένους","gloss":"by Trojans"},{"surface":"δαμναμένους","lemma":"δάμνημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of ἤχθετο","gloss":"being beaten"},{"surface":"Διὶ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνεμέσσα","gloss":"with Zeus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κρατερῶς","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐνεμέσσα","gloss":"fiercely"},{"surface":"ἐνεμέσσα","lemma":"νεμεσάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was angry"}]},{"number":354,"label":"354","id":"b13-l354","source":"ἦ μὰν ἀμφοτέροισιν ὁμὸν γένος ἠδʼ ἴα πάτρη,","translation":"Truly both were of one stock and one fatherland,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l354.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"μὰν","lemma":"μήν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"ἀμφοτέροισιν","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial","gloss":"for both"},{"surface":"ὁμὸν","lemma":"ὁμός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies γένος","gloss":"same"},{"surface":"γένος","lemma":"γένος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἠδ̓","gloss":"stock"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴα","lemma":"εἷς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πάτρη","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"πάτρη","lemma":"πάτρη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἠδ̓","gloss":"fatherland"}]},{"number":355,"label":"355","id":"b13-l355","source":"ἀλλὰ Ζεὺς πρότερος γεγόνει καὶ πλείονα ᾔδη.","translation":"but Zeus had been born first and knew more.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l355.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of γεγόνει","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"πρότερος","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"γεγόνει","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had been born"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πλείονα","lemma":"πλείων","morphology":"accusative plural neuter comparative adjective","role":"object of ᾔδη","gloss":"more things"},{"surface":"ᾔδη","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"knew"}]},{"number":356,"label":"356","id":"b13-l356","source":"τώ ῥα καὶ ἀμφαδίην μὲν ἀλεξέμεναι ἀλέεινε,","translation":"Therefore openly indeed he shrank from helping,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l356.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τώ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφαδίην","lemma":"ἀμφάδιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀλεξέμεναι","gloss":"openly"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀλεξέμεναι","lemma":"ἀλέξω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἀλέεινε","gloss":"to help"},{"surface":"ἀλέεινε","lemma":"ἀλεείνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held back"}]},{"number":357,"label":"357","id":"b13-l357","source":"λάθρῃ δʼ αἰὲν ἔγειρε κατὰ στρατὸν ἀνδρὶ ἐοικώς.","translation":"but in secret always he stirred the host in the likeness of a man.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l357.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λάθρῃ","lemma":"λάθρῃ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔγειρε","gloss":"secretly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰὲν","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔγειρε","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"ἔγειρε","lemma":"ἐγείρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stirred"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"στρατὸν","lemma":"στρατός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"the host"},{"surface":"ἀνδρὶ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐοικώς","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"ἐοικώς","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔγειρε","gloss":"in likeness"}]},{"number":358,"label":"358","id":"b13-l358","source":"τοὶ δʼ ἔριδος κρατερῆς καὶ ὁμοιΐου πτολέμοιο","translation":"They two stretched over both the cord of bitter strife","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l358.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τάνυσσαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔριδος","lemma":"ἔρις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of strife"},{"surface":"κρατερῆς","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἔριδος","gloss":"grim"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὁμοιΐου","lemma":"ὁμοίιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πτολέμοιο","gloss":"equal"},{"surface":"πτολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"war"}]},{"number":359,"label":"359","id":"b13-l359","source":"πεῖραρ ἐπαλλάξαντες ἐπʼ ἀμφοτέροισι τάνυσσαν","translation":"and equal war, making it taut over both,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l359.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πεῖραρ","lemma":"πεῖραρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τάνυσσαν","gloss":"rope"},{"surface":"ἐπαλλάξαντες","lemma":"ἐπαλλάσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to τάνυσσαν","gloss":"stretching across"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ἀμφοτέροισι","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπ̓","gloss":"over both"},{"surface":"τάνυσσαν","lemma":"τανύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stretched"}]},{"number":360,"label":"360","id":"b13-l360","source":"ἄρρηκτόν τʼ ἄλυτόν τε, τὸ πολλῶν γούνατʼ ἔλυσεν.","translation":"unbreakable and inescapable, which loosened the knees of many.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l360.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄρρηκτόν","lemma":"ἄρρηκτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"unbreakable"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλυτόν","lemma":"ἄλυτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"inescapable"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἔλυσεν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"πολλῶν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies γούνατ̓","gloss":"of many"},{"surface":"γούνατ","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔλυσεν","gloss":"knees"},{"surface":"ἔλυσεν","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing πεῖραρ","gloss":"loosened"}]},{"number":361,"label":"361","id":"b13-l361","source":"ἔνθα μεσαιπόλιός περ ἐὼν Δαναοῖσι κελεύσας","translation":"There, though grizzled, Idomeneus urged the Danaans on","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l361.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὦρσε","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"μεσαιπόλιός","lemma":"μεσαιπόλιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"gray-haired"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὦρσε","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"Δαναοῖσι","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κελεύσας","gloss":"Danaans"},{"surface":"κελεύσας","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὦρσε","gloss":"urging"}]},{"number":362,"label":"362","id":"b13-l362","source":"Ἰδομενεὺς Τρώεσσι μετάλμενος ἐν φόβον ὦρσε.","translation":"and leapt among the Trojans and roused panic.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l362.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἰδομενεὺς","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὦρσε","gloss":"Idomeneus"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μετάλμενος","gloss":"among Trojans"},{"surface":"μετάλμενος","lemma":"μεθάλλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὦρσε","gloss":"leaping among"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φόβον","lemma":"φόβος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"panic"},{"surface":"ὦρσε","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"roused"}]},{"number":363,"label":"363","id":"b13-l363","source":"πέφνε γὰρ Ὀθρυονῆα Καβησόθεν ἔνδον ἐόντα,","translation":"For he killed Othryoneus, who dwelt in Cabesus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l363.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πέφνε","lemma":"θείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Ὀθρυονῆα","lemma":"Ὀθρυονεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πέφνε","gloss":"Othryoneus"},{"surface":"Καβησόθεν","lemma":"Καβησόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Ὀθρυονῆα","gloss":"from Cabesus"},{"surface":"ἔνδον","lemma":"ἔνδον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐόντα","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies Ὀθρυονῆα","gloss":"dwelling"}]},{"number":364,"label":"364","id":"b13-l364","source":"ὅς ῥα νέον πολέμοιο μετὰ κλέος εἰληλούθει,","translation":"who had newly come after the fame of war,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l364.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"νέον","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to εἰληλούθει","gloss":"newly"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κλέος","gloss":"of war"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"κλέος","lemma":"κλέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"for fame"},{"surface":"εἰληλούθει","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"had come"}]},{"number":365,"label":"365","id":"b13-l365","source":"ᾔτεε δὲ Πριάμοιο θυγατρῶν εἶδος ἀρίστην","translation":"and asked for the fairest in beauty of Priam's daughters,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l365.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ᾔτεε","lemma":"αἰτέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"asked for"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πριάμοιο","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θυγατρῶν","gloss":"of Priam"},{"surface":"θυγατρῶν","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀρίστην","gloss":"daughters"},{"surface":"εἶδος","lemma":"εἶδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀρίστην","gloss":"in beauty"},{"surface":"ἀρίστην","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Κασσάνδρην","gloss":"fairest"}]},{"number":366,"label":"366","id":"b13-l366","source":"Κασσάνδρην ἀνάεδνον, ὑπέσχετο δὲ μέγα ἔργον,","translation":"Cassandra, without bride-price; and he promised a great deed,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l366.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Κασσάνδρην","lemma":"Κασσάνδρη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ᾔτεε","gloss":"Cassandra"},{"surface":"ἀνάεδνον","lemma":"ἀνάεδνος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ᾔτεε","gloss":"without bride-price"},{"surface":"ὑπέσχετο","lemma":"ὑπισχνέομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"promised"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργον","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ἔργον","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"deed"}]},{"number":367,"label":"367","id":"b13-l367","source":"ἐκ Τροίης ἀέκοντας ἀπωσέμεν υἷας Ἀχαιῶν.","translation":"to drive the sons of the Achaeans from Troy against their will.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l367.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Τροίης","lemma":"Τροία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"ἀέκοντας","lemma":"ἀέκων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"against their will"},{"surface":"ἀπωσέμεν","lemma":"ἀπωθέω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ,","gloss":"to drive away"},{"surface":"υἷας","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπωσέμεν","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies υἷας","gloss":"of Achaeans"}]},{"number":368,"label":"368","id":"b13-l368","source":"τῷ δʼ ὁ γέρων Πρίαμος ὑπό τʼ ἔσχετο καὶ κατένευσε","translation":"The old man Priam assented and nodded","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l368.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δωσέμεναι","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies γέρων","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies 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—×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l369.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δωσέμεναι","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to give her"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μάρναθ̓","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάρναθ","lemma":"μάρναμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fought"},{"surface":"ὑποσχεσίῃσι","lemma":"ὑποσχεσίη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of πιθήσας","gloss":"in promises"},{"surface":"πιθήσας","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μάρναθ̓","gloss":"trusting"}]},{"number":370,"label":"370","id":"b13-l370","source":"Ἰδομενεὺς δʼ αὐτοῖο τιτύσκετο δουρὶ φαεινῷ,","translation":"But Idomeneus aimed his bright spear at him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l370.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἰδομενεὺς","lemma":"̓ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Idomeneus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτοῖο","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"object of τιτύσκετο","gloss":"at him"},{"surface":"τιτύσκετο","lemma":"τιτύσκομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took aim"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to τιτύσκετο","gloss":"with spear"},{"surface":"φαεινῷ","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δουρὶ","gloss":"bright"}]},{"number":371,"label":"371","id":"b13-l371","source":"καὶ βάλεν ὕψι βιβάντα τυχών· οὐδʼ ἤρκεσε θώρηξ","translation":"and struck him as he strode high; nor did the bronze corselet","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l371.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βάλεν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ὕψι","lemma":"ὕψι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βιβάντα","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"βιβάντα","lemma":"βίβημι","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of βάλεν","gloss":"striding"},{"surface":"τυχών","lemma":"τυγχάνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βάλεν","gloss":"hitting"},{"surface":"ἤρκεσε","lemma":"ἀρκέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"warded off"},{"surface":"θώρηξ","lemma":"θώραξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤρκεσε","gloss":"corslet"}]},{"number":372,"label":"372","id":"b13-l372","source":"χάλκεος, ὃν φορέεσκε, μέσῃ δʼ ἐν γαστέρι πῆξε.","translation":"he used to wear avail him, but he drove it into the middle of the belly.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l372.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χάλκεος","lemma":"χάλκεος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θώρηξ","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of φορέεσκε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"φορέεσκε","lemma":"φορέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing θώρηξ","gloss":"used to wear"},{"surface":"μέσῃ","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαστέρι","gloss":"in middle"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"γαστέρι","lemma":"γαστήρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"belly"},{"surface":"πῆξε","lemma":"πήγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove"}]},{"number":373,"label":"373","id":"b13-l373","source":"δούπησεν δὲ πεσών· ὃ δʼ ἐπεύξατο φώνησέν τε·","translation":"He fell with a thud, and he boasted over him and spoke:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l373.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δούπησεν","lemma":"δουπέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"thudded"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πεσών","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δούπησεν","gloss":"falling"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπεύξατο","lemma":"ἐπεύχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"boasted"},{"surface":"φώνησέν","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":374,"label":"374","id":"b13-l374","source":"Ὀθρυονεῦ περὶ δή σε βροτῶν αἰνίζομʼ ἁπάντων","translation":"\"Othryoneus, above all mortals I count you blessed","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l374.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ὀθρυονεῦ","lemma":"Ὀθρυονεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Othryoneus"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of αἰνίζομ̓","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"βροτῶν","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"among mortals"},{"surface":"αἰνίζομ","lemma":"αἰνίζω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I count"},{"surface":"ἁπάντων","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βροτῶν","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":375,"label":"375","id":"b13-l375","source":"εἰ ἐτεὸν δὴ πάντα τελευτήσεις ὅσʼ ὑπέστης","translation":"if you truly accomplish all you promised","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l375.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"ἐτεὸν","lemma":"ἐτεός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to τελευτήσεις","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of τελευτήσεις","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"τελευτήσεις","lemma":"τελευτάω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"you fulfill"},{"surface":"ὅσ","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ὑπέστης","gloss":"what things"},{"surface":"ὑπέστης","lemma":"ὑφίστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing πάντα","gloss":"you promised"}]},{"number":376,"label":"376","id":"b13-l376","source":"Δαρδανίδῃ Πριάμῳ· ὃ δʼ ὑπέσχετο θυγατέρα ἥν.","translation":"to Dardanid Priam, who promised you his daughter.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l376.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Δαρδανίδῃ","lemma":"Δαρδανίδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πριάμῳ","gloss":"to Dardanid"},{"surface":"Πριάμῳ","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπέστης","gloss":"Priam"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὑπέσχετο","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπέσχετο","lemma":"ὑπισχνέομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"promised"},{"surface":"θυγατέρα","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπέσχετο","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"ἥν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies θυγατέρα","gloss":"his"}]},{"number":377,"label":"377","id":"b13-l377","source":"καί κέ τοι ἡμεῖς ταῦτά γʼ ὑποσχόμενοι τελέσαιμεν,","translation":"And we too might promise these things and fulfill them for you:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l377.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὑποσχόμενοι","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ἡμεῖς","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τελέσαιμεν","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"ταῦτά","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of τελέσαιμεν","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὑποσχόμενοι","lemma":"ὑπισχνέομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to τελέσαιμεν","gloss":"promising"},{"surface":"τελέσαιμεν","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"might fulfill"}]},{"number":378,"label":"378","id":"b13-l378","source":"δοῖμεν δʼ Ἀτρεΐδαο θυγατρῶν εἶδος ἀρίστην","translation":"we would give you the fairest of the daughters of the son of Atreus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l378.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δοῖμεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we would give"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδαο","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θυγατρῶν","gloss":"of Atreus son"},{"surface":"θυγατρῶν","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀρίστην","gloss":"daughters"},{"surface":"εἶδος","lemma":"εἶδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀρίστην","gloss":"in beauty"},{"surface":"ἀρίστην","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"object of δοῖμεν","gloss":"fairest"}]},{"number":379,"label":"379","id":"b13-l379","source":"Ἄργεος ἐξαγαγόντες ὀπυιέμεν, εἴ κε σὺν ἄμμιν","translation":"bringing her from Argos for you to marry, if you with us","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l379.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἄργεος","lemma":"Ἄργος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξαγαγόντες","gloss":"from Argos"},{"surface":"ἐξαγαγόντες","lemma":"ἐξάγω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to δοῖμεν","gloss":"bringing out"},{"surface":"ὀπυιέμεν","lemma":"ὀπυίω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to δοῖμεν","gloss":"to marry"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ἄμμιν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"us"}]},{"number":380,"label":"380","id":"b13-l380","source":"Ἰλίου ἐκπέρσῃς εὖ ναιόμενον πτολίεθρον.","translation":"would sack the well-inhabited citadel of Ilion.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l380.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἰλίου","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies πτολίεθρον","gloss":"of Ilion"},{"surface":"ἐκπέρσῃς","lemma":"ἐκπέρθω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"you should sack"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ναιόμενον","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"ναιόμενον","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifies πτολίεθρον","gloss":"inhabited"},{"surface":"πτολίεθρον","lemma":"πτολίεθρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκπέρσῃς","gloss":"citadel"}]},{"number":381,"label":"381","id":"b13-l381","source":"ἀλλʼ ἕπεʼ, ὄφρʼ ἐπὶ νηυσὶ συνώμεθα ποντοπόροισιν","translation":"But come, follow, that at the seafaring ships we may make our compact","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l381.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἕπε","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"follow"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"συνώμεθα","lemma":"συνίημι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφῤ","gloss":"let us make terms"},{"surface":"ποντοπόροισιν","lemma":"ποντόπορος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶ","gloss":"seafaring"}]},{"number":382,"label":"382","id":"b13-l382","source":"ἀμφὶ γάμῳ, ἐπεὶ οὔ τοι ἐεδνωταὶ κακοί εἰμεν.","translation":"about the marriage, since we are not bad bride-givers.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l382.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"γάμῳ","lemma":"γάμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"marriage"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"ἐεδνωταὶ","lemma":"ἑδνωτής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"bride-givers"},{"surface":"κακοί","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐεδνωταὶ","gloss":"bad"},{"surface":"εἰμεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"we are"}]},{"number":383,"label":"383","id":"b13-l383","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν ποδὸς ἕλκε κατὰ κρατερὴν ὑσμίνην","translation":"So saying, the hero Idomeneus dragged him by the foot","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l383.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕλκε","gloss":"having said"},{"surface":"ποδὸς","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἕλκε","gloss":"by the foot"},{"surface":"ἕλκε","lemma":"ἕλκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dragged"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"κρατερὴν","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὑσμίνην","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ὑσμίνην","lemma":"ὑσμίνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"battle"}]},{"number":384,"label":"384","id":"b13-l384","source":"ἥρως Ἰδομενεύς· τῷ δʼ Ἄσιος ἦλθʼ ἐπαμύντωρ","translation":"through the mighty battle; and Asius came to defend him,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l384.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥρως","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἰδομενεύς","gloss":"hero"},{"surface":"Ἰδομενεύς","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕλκε","gloss":"Idomeneus"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦλθ̓","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἄσιος","lemma":"Ἄσιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθ̓","gloss":"Asius"},{"surface":"ἦλθ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ἐπαμύντωρ","lemma":"ἐπαμύντωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"defender"}]},{"number":385,"label":"385","id":"b13-l385","source":"πεζὸς πρόσθʼ ἵππων· τὼ δὲ πνείοντε κατʼ ὤμων","translation":"on foot before his horses; and the two of them kept blowing upon his shoulders,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l385.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πεζὸς","lemma":"πεζός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"on foot"},{"surface":"πρόσθ","lemma":"πρόσθεν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πρόσθ̓","gloss":"before horses"},{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative dual masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔχ̓","gloss":"the pair"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πνείοντε","lemma":"πνέω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative dual masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"blowing"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ὤμων","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατ̓","gloss":"upon shoulders"}]},{"number":386,"label":"386","id":"b13-l386","source":"αἰὲν ἔχʼ ἡνίοχος θεράπων· ὃ δὲ ἵετο θυμῷ","translation":"his attendant charioteer always held them there. But he burned in heart","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l386.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰὲν","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πνείοντε","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"ἔχ","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"ἡνίοχος","lemma":"ἡνίοχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θεράπων","gloss":"charioteer"},{"surface":"θεράπων","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔχ̓","gloss":"attendant"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἵετο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵετο","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"yearned"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἵετο","gloss":"in heart"}]},{"number":387,"label":"387","id":"b13-l387","source":"Ἰδομενῆα βαλεῖν· ὃ δέ μιν φθάμενος βάλε δουρὶ","translation":"to strike Idomeneus; yet Idomeneus struck first with the spear","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l387.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἰδομενῆα","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βαλεῖν","gloss":"Idomeneus"},{"surface":"βαλεῖν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἵετο","gloss":"to strike"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"φθάμενος","lemma":"φθάνω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βάλε","gloss":"striking first"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to βάλε","gloss":"with spear"}]},{"number":388,"label":"388","id":"b13-l388","source":"λαιμὸν ὑπʼ ἀνθερεῶνα, διὰ πρὸ δὲ χαλκὸν ἔλασσεν.","translation":"beneath the chin in the throat, and drove the bronze clean through.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l388.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λαιμὸν","lemma":"λαιμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"throat"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"ἀνθερεῶνα","lemma":"ἀνθερεών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπ̓","gloss":"beneath chin"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"πρὸ","lemma":"πρό","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἔλασσεν","gloss":"clean through"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χαλκὸν","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔλασσεν","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ἔλασσεν","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove"}]},{"number":389,"label":"389","id":"b13-l389","source":"ἤριπε δʼ ὡς ὅτε τις δρῦς ἤριπεν ἢ ἀχερωῒς","translation":"He crashed down as when some oak falls, or white poplar,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l389.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀχερωῒς","title":"White poplar","body":"ἀχερωίς is the white poplar. Homer varies the tree in the simile rather than repeating a generic timber word, keeping the felling image concrete and visual."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἤριπε","lemma":"ἐρείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"crashed down"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤριπεν","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies ἠὲ","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"δρῦς","lemma":"δρῦς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἠὲ","gloss":"oak"},{"surface":"ἤριπεν","lemma":"ἐρείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἤριπε","gloss":"falls"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἀχερωῒς","lemma":"ἀχερωίς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἠὲ","gloss":"white poplar"}]},{"number":390,"label":"390","id":"b13-l390","source":"ἠὲ πίτυς βλωθρή, τήν τʼ οὔρεσι τέκτονες ἄνδρες","translation":"or tall pine, which shipwrights in the mountains","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l390.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἠέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"πίτυς","lemma":"πίτυς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἠὲ","gloss":"pine"},{"surface":"βλωθρή","lemma":"βλωθρός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πίτυς","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"τήν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἐξέταμον","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὔρεσι","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐξέταμον","gloss":"in mountains"},{"surface":"τέκτονες","lemma":"τέκτων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄνδρες","gloss":"shipwrights"},{"surface":"ἄνδρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐξέταμον","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":391,"label":"391","id":"b13-l391","source":"ἐξέταμον πελέκεσσι νεήκεσι νήϊον εἶναι·","translation":"cut down with newly whetted axes to be ship timber;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l391.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξέταμον","lemma":"ἐκτέμνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠὲ","gloss":"cut down"},{"surface":"πελέκεσσι","lemma":"πέλεκυς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐξέταμον","gloss":"with axes"},{"surface":"νεήκεσι","lemma":"νεηκής","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies πελέκεσσι","gloss":"newly whetted"},{"surface":"νήϊον","lemma":"νήιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"for ship"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἐξέταμον","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":392,"label":"392","id":"b13-l392","source":"ὣς ὃ πρόσθʼ ἵππων καὶ δίφρου κεῖτο τανυσθεὶς","translation":"so he lay stretched before the horses and chariot,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l392.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κεῖτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κεῖτο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"πρόσθ","lemma":"πρόσθεν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"before horses"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δίφρου","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"and chariot"},{"surface":"κεῖτο","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"τανυσθεὶς","lemma":"τανύω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κεῖτο","gloss":"stretched out"}]},{"number":393,"label":"393","id":"b13-l393","source":"βεβρυχὼς κόνιος δεδραγμένος αἱματοέσσης.","translation":"groaning and clutching the blood-soaked dust.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l393.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βεβρυχὼς","lemma":"βρυχάομαι","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κεῖτο","gloss":"groaning"},{"surface":"κόνιος","lemma":"κόνις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of δεδραγμένος","gloss":"dust"},{"surface":"δεδραγμένος","lemma":"δράσσομαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κεῖτο","gloss":"clutching"},{"surface":"αἱματοέσσης","lemma":"αἱματόεις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κόνιος","gloss":"blood-soaked"}]},{"number":394,"label":"394","id":"b13-l394","source":"ἐκ δέ οἱ ἡνίοχος πλήγη φρένας ἃς πάρος εἶχεν,","translation":"And his charioteer was struck in the wits he had before,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l394.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies φρένας","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἡνίοχος","lemma":"ἡνίοχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πλήγη","gloss":"charioteer"},{"surface":"πλήγη","lemma":"πλήσσω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was struck"},{"surface":"φρένας","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to πλήγη","gloss":"in the wits"},{"surface":"ἃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of εἶχεν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἶχεν","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"εἶχεν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing φρένας","gloss":"he had"}]},{"number":395,"label":"395","id":"b13-l395","source":"οὐδʼ ὅ γʼ ἐτόλμησεν δηΐων ὑπὸ χεῖρας ἀλύξας","translation":"nor did he dare, escaping the hands of enemies,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l395.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐτόλμησεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐτόλμησεν","lemma":"τολμάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dared"},{"surface":"δηΐων","lemma":"δάιος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies χεῖρας","gloss":"of foes"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὸ","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἀλύξας","lemma":"ἀλύσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to στρέψαι","gloss":"escaping"}]},{"number":396,"label":"396","id":"b13-l396","source":"ἂψ ἵππους στρέψαι, τὸν δʼ Ἀντίλοχος μενεχάρμης","translation":"to wheel the horses back; but Antilochus, eager for battle,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l396.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of στρέψαι","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of στρέψαι","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"στρέψαι","lemma":"στρέφω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἐτόλμησεν","gloss":"to wheel back"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of περόνησε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀντίλοχος","lemma":"Ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of περόνησε","gloss":"Antilochus"},{"surface":"μενεχάρμης","lemma":"μενεχάρμης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀντίλοχος","gloss":"battle-eager"}]},{"number":397,"label":"397","id":"b13-l397","source":"δουρὶ μέσον περόνησε τυχών· οὐδʼ ἤρκεσε θώρηξ","translation":"struck him through the middle with the spear; nor did the bronze corselet","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l397.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to περόνησε","gloss":"with spear"},{"surface":"μέσον","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"through the middle"},{"surface":"περόνησε","lemma":"περονάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pierced"},{"surface":"τυχών","lemma":"τυγχάνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to περόνησε","gloss":"hitting"},{"surface":"ἤρκεσε","lemma":"ἀρκέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"warded off"},{"surface":"θώρηξ","lemma":"θώραξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤρκεσε","gloss":"corslet"}]},{"number":398,"label":"398","id":"b13-l398","source":"χάλκεος ὃν φορέεσκε, μέσῃ δʼ ἐν γαστέρι πῆξεν.","translation":"he used to wear avail him, but he drove it into the middle of the belly.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l398.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χάλκεος","lemma":"χάλκεος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θώρηξ","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of φορέεσκε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"φορέεσκε","lemma":"φορέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing θώρηξ","gloss":"used to wear"},{"surface":"μέσῃ","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαστέρι","gloss":"in middle"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"γαστέρι","lemma":"γαστήρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"belly"},{"surface":"πῆξεν","lemma":"πήγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove"}]},{"number":399,"label":"399","id":"b13-l399","source":"αὐτὰρ ὃ ἀσθμαίνων εὐεργέος ἔκπεσε δίφρου,","translation":"Gasping, he fell from the well-made chariot,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l399.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔκπεσε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ἀσθμαίνων","lemma":"ἀσθμαίνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔκπεσε","gloss":"gasping"},{"surface":"εὐεργέος","lemma":"εὐεργής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δίφρου","gloss":"well-made"},{"surface":"ἔκπεσε","lemma":"ἐκπίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell from"},{"surface":"δίφρου","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔκπεσε","gloss":"chariot"}]},{"number":400,"label":"400","id":"b13-l400","source":"ἵππους δʼ Ἀντίλοχος μεγαθύμου Νέστορος υἱὸς","translation":"and Antilochus, son of great-hearted Nestor,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l400.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξέλασε","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀντίλοχος","lemma":"Ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐξέλασε","gloss":"Antilochus"},{"surface":"μεγαθύμου","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Νέστορος","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"Νέστορος","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"Nestor"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀντίλοχος","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":401,"label":"401","id":"b13-l401","source":"ἐξέλασε Τρώων μετʼ ἐϋκνήμιδας Ἀχαιούς.","translation":"and drove them from the Trojans among the well-greaved Achaeans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l401.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξέλασε","lemma":"ἐξελαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove out"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξέλασε","gloss":"from Trojans"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἐϋκνήμιδας","lemma":"ἐυκνήμις","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιούς","gloss":"well-greaved"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μετ̓","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":402,"label":"402","id":"b13-l402","source":"Δηΐφοβος δὲ μάλα σχεδὸν ἤλυθεν Ἰδομενῆος","translation":"Deiphobus came very near to Idomeneus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l402.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Δηΐφοβος","lemma":"Δηίφοβος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Deiphobus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"σχεδὸν","lemma":"σχεδόν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἤλυθεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"Ἰδομενῆος","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of σχεδὸν","gloss":"to Idomeneus"}]},{"number":403,"label":"403","id":"b13-l403","source":"Ἀσίου ἀχνύμενος, καὶ ἀκόντισε δουρὶ φαεινῷ.","translation":"grieving for Asius, and cast with his bright spear.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l403.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀσίου","lemma":"Ἄσιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀχνύμενος","gloss":"for Asius"},{"surface":"ἀχνύμενος","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"present passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤλυθεν","gloss":"grieving"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀκόντισε","lemma":"ἀκοντίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀκόντισε","gloss":"with spear"},{"surface":"φαεινῷ","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δουρὶ","gloss":"bright"}]},{"number":404,"label":"404","id":"b13-l404","source":"ἀλλʼ ὃ μὲν ἄντα ἰδὼν ἠλεύατο χάλκεον ἔγχος","translation":"But he, seeing it before him, avoided the bronze spear","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l404.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine 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—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l405.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἰδομενεύς","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠλεύατο","gloss":"Idomeneus"},{"surface":"κρύφθη","lemma":"κρύπτω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hid"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"ἀσπίδι","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπ̓","gloss":"beneath shield"},{"surface":"πάντοσ","lemma":"πάντοσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐΐσῃ","gloss":"all around"},{"surface":"ἐΐσῃ","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀσπίδι","gloss":"rounded"}]},{"number":406,"label":"406","id":"b13-l406","source":"τὴν ἄρʼ ὅ γε ῥινοῖσι βοῶν καὶ νώροπι χαλκῷ","translation":"which he used to wear, wrought from ox-hides and gleaming bronze,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l406.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of φορέεσκε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φορέεσκε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ῥινοῖσι","lemma":"ῥινόν","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"with hides"},{"surface":"βοῶν","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ῥινοῖσι","gloss":"of oxen"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νώροπι","lemma":"νῶροψ","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκῷ","gloss":"gleaming"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":407,"label":"407","id":"b13-l407","source":"δινωτὴν φορέεσκε, δύω κανόνεσσʼ ἀραρυῖαν·","translation":"double-curved, fastened to two bars.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l407.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δινωτὴν","lemma":"δινωτός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"double-curved"},{"surface":"φορέεσκε","lemma":"φορέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀσπίδι","gloss":"used to wear"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies κανόνεσσ̓","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"κανόνεσσ","lemma":"κανών","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀραρυῖαν","gloss":"crossbars"},{"surface":"ἀραρυῖαν","lemma":"ἀραρίσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"fitted fast"}]},{"number":408,"label":"408","id":"b13-l408","source":"τῇ ὕπο πᾶς ἐάλη, τὸ δʼ ὑπέρπτατο χάλκεον ἔγχος,","translation":"Under it he shrank wholly, and the bronze spear flew over.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l408.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ὕπο","gloss":"under it"},{"surface":"ὕπο","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"πᾶς","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"wholly"},{"surface":"ἐάλη","lemma":"εἴλω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"crouched"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter article","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπέρπτατο","lemma":"ὑπερπέτομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flew over"},{"surface":"χάλκεον","lemma":"χάλκεος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ὑπέρπτατο","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":409,"label":"409","id":"b13-l409","source":"καρφαλέον δέ οἱ ἀσπὶς ἐπιθρέξαντος ἄϋσεν","translation":"And his shield rang dryly as the spear sped upon it;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l409.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καρφαλέον","lemma":"καρφαλέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἄϋσεν","gloss":"dryly"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀσπὶς","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἀσπὶς","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἄϋσεν","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"ἐπιθρέξαντος","lemma":"ἐπιτρέχω","morphology":"aorist active participle, genitive singular neuter","role":"adverbial to ἄϋσεν","gloss":"of the spear"},{"surface":"ἄϋσεν","lemma":"αὔω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rang"}]},{"number":410,"label":"410","id":"b13-l410","source":"ἔγχεος· οὐδʼ ἅλιόν ῥα βαρείης χειρὸς ἀφῆκεν,","translation":"nor yet did he cast from his heavy hand in vain,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l410.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔγχεος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐπιθρέξαντος","gloss":"of spear"},{"surface":"ἅλιόν","lemma":"ἅλιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀφῆκεν","gloss":"in vain"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"βαρείης","lemma":"βαρύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χειρὸς","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"χειρὸς","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀφῆκεν","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"ἀφῆκεν","lemma":"ἀφίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent"}]},{"number":411,"label":"411","id":"b13-l411","source":"ἀλλʼ ἔβαλʼ Ἱππασίδην Ὑψήνορα ποιμένα λαῶν","translation":"but struck Hypsenor, son of Hippasus, shepherd of the people,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l411.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔβαλ","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"Ἱππασίδην","lemma":"Ἱππασίδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ὑψήνορα","gloss":"Hippasus son"},{"surface":"Ὑψήνορα","lemma":"Ὑψήνωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔβαλ̓","gloss":"Hypsenor"},{"surface":"ποιμένα","lemma":"ποιμήν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ὑψήνορα","gloss":"shepherd"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ποιμένα","gloss":"of people"}]},{"number":412,"label":"412","id":"b13-l412","source":"ἧπαρ ὑπὸ πραπίδων, εἶθαρ δʼ ὑπὸ γούνατʼ ἔλυσε.","translation":"in the liver beneath the midriff, and straightway loosed his knees.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l412.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἧπαρ","lemma":"ἧπαρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔβαλ̓","gloss":"liver"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"πραπίδων","lemma":"πραπίδες","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὸ","gloss":"beneath midriff"},{"surface":"εἶθαρ","lemma":"εἶθαρ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔλυσε","gloss":"straightway"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing 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verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"boasted"},{"surface":"μακρὸν","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀΰσας","gloss":"loud"},{"surface":"ἀΰσας","lemma":"αὔω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπεύξατο","gloss":"crying out"}]},{"number":414,"label":"414","id":"b13-l414","source":"οὐ μὰν αὖτʼ ἄτιτος κεῖτʼ Ἄσιος, ἀλλά ἕ φημι","translation":"\"No, Asius does not lie here unavenged, but I say","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l414.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"μὰν","lemma":"μήν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"ἄτιτος","lemma":"ἄτιτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unavenged"},{"surface":"κεῖτ","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lies here"},{"surface":"Ἄσιος","lemma":"Ἄσιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κεῖτ̓","gloss":"Asius"},{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἕ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of γηθήσειν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"φημι","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I say"}]},{"number":415,"label":"415","id":"b13-l415","source":"εἰς Ἄϊδός περ ἰόντα πυλάρταο κρατεροῖο","translation":"that even as he goes to the house of Hades, keeper of the gate,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l415.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ἄϊδός","lemma":"Αἵδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"Hades"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἰόντα","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to γηθήσειν","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"πυλάρταο","lemma":"πυλάρτης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἄϊδός","gloss":"gate-keeper"},{"surface":"κρατεροῖο","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πυλάρταο","gloss":"mighty"}]},{"number":416,"label":"416","id":"b13-l416","source":"γηθήσειν κατὰ θυμόν, ἐπεί ῥά οἱ ὤπασα πομπόν.","translation":"he will rejoice in heart, since I have given him an escort.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l416.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γηθήσειν","lemma":"γηθέω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of φημι","gloss":"will rejoice"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμόν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"in heart"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὤπασα","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"ὤπασα","lemma":"ὀπάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"I gave"},{"surface":"πομπόν","lemma":"πομπός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὤπασα","gloss":"escort"}]},{"number":417,"label":"417","id":"b13-l417","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, Ἀργείοισι δʼ ἄχος γένετʼ εὐξαμένοιο,","translation":"So he spoke, and grief came upon the Argives at his boasting,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l417.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"Ἀργείοισι","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to γένετ̓","gloss":"to Argives"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄχος","lemma":"ἄχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of γένετ̓","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"γένετ","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"εὐξαμένοιο","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"adverbial to γένετ̓","gloss":"at his boasting"}]},{"number":418,"label":"418","id":"b13-l418","source":"Ἀντιλόχῳ δὲ μάλιστα δαΐφρονι θυμὸν ὄρινεν·","translation":"and it stirred most of all the heart of warlike Antilochus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l418.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντιλόχῳ","lemma":"̓ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θυμὸν","gloss":"Antilochus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄρινεν","gloss":"most of all"},{"surface":"δαΐφρονι","lemma":"δαίφρων","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀντιλόχῳ","gloss":"warlike"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὄρινεν","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ὄρινεν","lemma":"ὀρίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stirred"}]},{"number":419,"label":"419","id":"b13-l419","source":"ἀλλʼ οὐδʼ ἀχνύμενός περ ἑοῦ ἀμέλησεν ἑταίρου,","translation":"Yet though grieved, he did not neglect his companion,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l419.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀχνύμενός","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"present passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀμέλησεν","gloss":"grieving"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἑοῦ","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταίρου","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"ἀμέλησεν","lemma":"ἀμελέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"neglected"},{"surface":"ἑταίρου","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμέλησεν","gloss":"companion"}]},{"number":420,"label":"420","id":"b13-l420","source":"ἀλλὰ θέων περίβη καί οἱ σάκος ἀμφεκάλυψε.","translation":"but ran to stand over him and covered him with his shield.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l420.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"θέων","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to περίβη","gloss":"running"},{"surface":"περίβη","lemma":"περιβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood over"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀμφεκάλυψε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"σάκος","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀμφεκάλυψε","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"ἀμφεκάλυψε","lemma":"ἀμφικαλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"covered over"}]},{"number":421,"label":"421","id":"b13-l421","source":"τὸν μὲν ἔπειθʼ ὑποδύντε δύω ἐρίηρες ἑταῖροι","translation":"Then two loyal companions stooped and took him up,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l421.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of φερέτην","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔπειθ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φερέτην","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὑποδύντε","lemma":"ὑποδύομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to φερέτην","gloss":"stooping under"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ἑταῖροι","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"ἐρίηρες","lemma":"ἐρίηρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖροι","gloss":"loyal"},{"surface":"ἑταῖροι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":422,"label":"422","id":"b13-l422","source":"Μηκιστεὺς Ἐχίοιο πάϊς καὶ δῖος Ἀλάστωρ,","translation":"Mecisteus, son of Echius, and godlike Alastor,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l422.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μηκιστεὺς","lemma":"Μηκιστεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Mecisteus"},{"surface":"Ἐχίοιο","lemma":"Ἐχίος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"of Echius"},{"surface":"πάϊς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Μηκιστεὺς","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀλάστωρ","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἀλάστωρ","lemma":"Ἀλάστωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Alastor"}]},{"number":423,"label":"423","id":"b13-l423","source":"νῆας ἔπι γλαφυρὰς φερέτην βαρέα στενάχοντα.","translation":"and bore him to the hollow ships, groaning heavily.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l423.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔπι","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"γλαφυρὰς","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"φερέτην","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were carrying"},{"surface":"βαρέα","lemma":"βαρύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to στενάχοντα","gloss":"heavily"},{"surface":"στενάχοντα","lemma":"στενάχω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"groaning"}]},{"number":424,"label":"424","id":"b13-l424","source":"Ἰδομενεὺς δʼ οὐ λῆγε μένος μέγα, ἵετο δʼ αἰεὶ","translation":"But Idomeneus did not cease from his great strength, and always desired","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l424.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἰδομενεὺς","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"Idomeneus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"λῆγε","lemma":"λήγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ceased"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of λῆγε","gloss":"his force"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ἵετο","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pressed on"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵετο","gloss":"always"}]},{"number":425,"label":"425","id":"b13-l425","source":"ἠέ τινα Τρώων ἐρεβεννῇ νυκτὶ καλύψαι","translation":"either to cover some Trojan with murky night","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l425.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠέ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"τινα","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of καλύψαι","gloss":"some one"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τινα","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἐρεβεννῇ","lemma":"ἐρεβεννός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νυκτὶ","gloss":"murky"},{"surface":"νυκτὶ","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καλύψαι","gloss":"with night"},{"surface":"καλύψαι","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἢ","gloss":"to cover"}]},{"number":426,"label":"426","id":"b13-l426","source":"ἢ αὐτὸς δουπῆσαι ἀμύνων λοιγὸν Ἀχαιοῖς.","translation":"or himself to fall warding ruin from the Achaeans.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l426.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"δουπῆσαι","lemma":"δουπέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἢ","gloss":"to fall"},{"surface":"ἀμύνων","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δουπῆσαι","gloss":"warding off"},{"surface":"λοιγὸν","lemma":"λοιγός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμύνων","gloss":"ruin"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοῖς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμύνων","gloss":"from the Achaeans"}]},{"number":427,"label":"427","id":"b13-l427","source":"ἔνθʼ Αἰσυήταο διοτρεφέος φίλον υἱὸν","translation":"There he struck the dear son of Zeus-nurtured Aisyetes,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l427.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"Αἰσυήταο","lemma":"Αἰσυήτης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"of Aisyetes"},{"surface":"διοτρεφέος","lemma":"Διοτρεφής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἰσυήταο","gloss":"Zeus-nurtured"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀλκάθοον","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":428,"label":"428","id":"b13-l428","source":"ἥρωʼ Ἀλκάθοον, γαμβρὸς δʼ ἦν Ἀγχίσαο,","translation":"the hero Alcathous, who was the son-in-law of Anchises,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l428.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥρω","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀλκάθοον","gloss":"hero"},{"surface":"Ἀλκάθοον","lemma":"Ἀλκάθοος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Alcathous"},{"surface":"γαμβρὸς","lemma":"γαμβρός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"son-in-law"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἦν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"Ἀγχίσαο","lemma":"Ἀγχίσης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies γαμβρὸς","gloss":"of Anchises"}]},{"number":429,"label":"429","id":"b13-l429","source":"πρεσβυτάτην δʼ ὤπυιε θυγατρῶν Ἱπποδάμειαν","translation":"and had married Hippodameia, eldest of his daughters,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l429.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρεσβυτάτην","lemma":"πρέσβυς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἱπποδάμειαν","gloss":"eldest"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὤπυιε","lemma":"ὀπυίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"had married"},{"surface":"θυγατρῶν","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies πρεσβυτάτην","gloss":"of the daughters"},{"surface":"Ἱπποδάμειαν","lemma":"Ἱπποδάμεια","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὤπυιε","gloss":"Hippodameia"}]},{"number":430,"label":"430","id":"b13-l430","source":"τὴν περὶ κῆρι φίλησε πατὴρ καὶ πότνια μήτηρ","translation":"whom her father and queenly mother loved from the heart","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l430.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of φίλησε","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κῆρι","lemma":"κῆρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"their hearts"},{"surface":"φίλησε","lemma":"φιλέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἱπποδάμειαν","gloss":"loved"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πότνια","lemma":"πότνια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μήτηρ","gloss":"queenly"},{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"mother"}]},{"number":431,"label":"431","id":"b13-l431","source":"ἐν μεγάρῳ· πᾶσαν γὰρ ὁμηλικίην ἐκέκαστο","translation":"in their halls, for she surpassed all of her own age","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l431.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάρῳ","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the hall"},{"surface":"πᾶσαν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὁμηλικίην","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ὁμηλικίην","lemma":"ὁμηλικία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκέκαστο","gloss":"her peers"},{"surface":"ἐκέκαστο","lemma":"καίνυμαι","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"surpassed"}]},{"number":432,"label":"432","id":"b13-l432","source":"κάλλεϊ καὶ ἔργοισιν ἰδὲ φρεσί· τοὔνεκα καί μιν","translation":"in beauty and in skill and in mind; therefore also","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l432.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κάλλεϊ","lemma":"κάλλος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἰδὲ","gloss":"in beauty"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔργοισιν","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἰδὲ","gloss":"in skill"},{"surface":"ἰδὲ","lemma":"ἰδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φρεσί","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἰδὲ","gloss":"in judgment"},{"surface":"τοὔνεκα","lemma":"τοὔνεκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γῆμεν","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of γῆμεν","gloss":"her"}]},{"number":433,"label":"433","id":"b13-l433","source":"γῆμεν ἀνὴρ ὤριστος ἐνὶ Τροίῃ εὐρείῃ·","translation":"the best man in broad Troy had married her.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l433.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γῆμεν","lemma":"γαμέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"married"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of γῆμεν","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"ὤριστος","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Τροίῃ","lemma":"τροία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"εὐρείῃ","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Τροίῃ","gloss":"broad"}]},{"number":434,"label":"434","id":"b13-l434","source":"τὸν τόθʼ ὑπʼ Ἰδομενῆϊ Ποσειδάων ἐδάμασσε","translation":"Him there beneath Idomeneus Poseidon mastered,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l434.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐδάμασσε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"τόθ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐδάμασσε","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"Ἰδομενῆϊ","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπ̓","gloss":"Idomeneus"},{"surface":"Ποσειδάων","lemma":"Ποσειδεών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"Poseidon"},{"surface":"ἐδάμασσε","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"mastered"}]},{"number":435,"label":"435","id":"b13-l435","source":"θέλξας ὄσσε φαεινά, πέδησε δὲ φαίδιμα γυῖα·","translation":"enchanting his shining eyes, and binding his bright limbs.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l435.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θέλξας","lemma":"θέλγω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐδάμασσε","gloss":"bewitching"},{"surface":"ὄσσε","lemma":"ὄσσε","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of θέλξας","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"φαεινά","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὄσσε","gloss":"bright"},{"surface":"πέδησε","lemma":"πεδάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bound fast"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φαίδιμα","lemma":"φαίδιμος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies γυῖα","gloss":"splendid"},{"surface":"γυῖα","lemma":"γυῖον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πέδησε","gloss":"limbs"}]},{"number":436,"label":"436","id":"b13-l436","source":"οὔτε γὰρ ἐξοπίσω φυγέειν δύνατʼ οὔτʼ ἀλέασθαι,","translation":"For he could neither flee backward nor avoid the blow,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l436.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐξοπίσω","lemma":"ἐξοπίσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of φυγέειν","gloss":"backward"},{"surface":"φυγέειν","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"to flee"},{"surface":"δύνατ","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"ἀλέασθαι","lemma":"ἀλέω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"to avoid"}]},{"number":437,"label":"437","id":"b13-l437","source":"ἀλλʼ ὥς τε στήλην ἢ δένδρεον ὑψιπέτηλον","translation":"but standing still like a pillar or high-leafed tree,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l437.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"στήλην","lemma":"στήλη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἢ","gloss":"a pillar"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"δένδρεον","lemma":"δένδρεον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἢ","gloss":"a tree"},{"surface":"ὑψιπέτηλον","lemma":"ὑψιπέτηλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δένδρεον","gloss":"high-leafed"}]},{"number":438,"label":"438","id":"b13-l438","source":"ἀτρέμας ἑσταότα στῆθος μέσον οὔτασε δουρὶ","translation":"the hero Idomeneus struck him in the middle of the chest with the spear","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l438.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀτρέμας","lemma":"ἀτρέμας","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἑσταότα","gloss":"motionless"},{"surface":"ἑσταότα","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of οὔτασε","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"στῆθος","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of οὔτασε","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"μέσον","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies στῆθος","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"οὔτασε","lemma":"οὐτάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stabbed"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to οὔτασε","gloss":"with the spear"}]},{"number":439,"label":"439","id":"b13-l439","source":"ἥρως Ἰδομενεύς, ῥῆξεν δέ οἱ ἀμφὶ χιτῶνα","translation":"and shattered the bronze corselet about him,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l439.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥρως","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἰδομενεύς","gloss":"the hero"},{"surface":"Ἰδομενεύς","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of οὔτασε","gloss":"Idomeneus"},{"surface":"ῥῆξεν","lemma":"ῥήγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main 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ἤρκει","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies χροὸς","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"πρόσθεν","lemma":"πρόσθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤρκει","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"χροὸς","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"his flesh"},{"surface":"ἤρκει","lemma":"ἀρκέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing χιτῶνα","gloss":"kept off"},{"surface":"ὄλεθρον","lemma":"ὄλεθρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἤρκει","gloss":"destruction"}]},{"number":441,"label":"441","id":"b13-l441","source":"δὴ τότε γʼ αὖον ἄϋσεν ἐρεικόμενος περὶ δουρί.","translation":"then at last it rang terribly as he leaned upon the spear.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l441.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄϋσεν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"αὖον","lemma":"αὖος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἄϋσεν","gloss":"harshly"},{"surface":"ἄϋσεν","lemma":"αὔω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rang out"},{"surface":"ἐρεικόμενος","lemma":"ἐρέικω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἄϋσεν","gloss":"leaning"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"δουρί","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"the spear"}]},{"number":442,"label":"442","id":"b13-l442","source":"δούπησεν δὲ πεσών, δόρυ δʼ ἐν κραδίῃ ἐπεπήγει,","translation":"He fell with a thud, and the spear was fixed in his heart,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l442.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δούπησεν","lemma":"δουπέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell heavily"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πεσών","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δούπησεν","gloss":"falling"},{"surface":"δόρυ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐπεπήγει","gloss":"the spear"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κραδίῃ","lemma":"καρδία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"his heart"},{"surface":"ἐπεπήγει","lemma":"πήγνυμι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was planted"}]},{"number":443,"label":"443","id":"b13-l443","source":"ἥ ῥά οἱ ἀσπαίρουσα καὶ οὐρίαχον πελέμιζεν","translation":"which beating made the butt-shaft quiver,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l443.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of πελέμιζεν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to πελέμιζεν","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"ἀσπαίρουσα","lemma":"ἀσπαίρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to πελέμιζεν","gloss":"throbbing"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"οὐρίαχον","lemma":"οὐρίαχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πελέμιζεν","gloss":"the butt-end"},{"surface":"πελέμιζεν","lemma":"πελεμίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing κραδίῃ","gloss":"kept shaking"}]},{"number":444,"label":"444","id":"b13-l444","source":"ἔγχεος· ἔνθα δʼ ἔπειτʼ ἀφίει μένος ὄβριμος Ἄρης·","translation":"and there at last mighty Ares loosed its force.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l444.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔγχεος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter 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ἀΰσας","translation":"Idomeneus boasted terribly, crying aloud:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l445.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἰδομενεὺς","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπεύξατο","gloss":"Idomeneus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔκπαγλον","lemma":"ἔκπαγλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπεύξατο","gloss":"wildly"},{"surface":"ἐπεύξατο","lemma":"ἐπεύχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"boasted"},{"surface":"μακρὸν","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀΰσας","gloss":"loudly"},{"surface":"ἀΰσας","lemma":"αὔω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπεύξατο","gloss":"shouting"}]},{"number":446,"label":"446","id":"b13-l446","source":"Δηΐφοβʼ ἦ ἄρα δή τι ἐΐσκομεν ἄξιον εἶναι","translation":"\"Deiphobus, do we seem at all to have paid you fairly","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l446.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Δηΐφοβ","lemma":"Δηίφοβος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Deiphobus"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"really"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"really"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἶναι","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"ἐΐσκομεν","lemma":"ἐίσκω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"object of ἀΰσας","gloss":"do we seem"},{"surface":"ἄξιον","lemma":"ἄξιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"fair payment"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐΐσκομεν","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":447,"label":"447","id":"b13-l447","source":"τρεῖς ἑνὸς ἀντὶ πεφάσθαι; ἐπεὶ σύ περ εὔχεαι οὕτω.","translation":"three for one? Since you boast like that.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l447.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τρεῖς","lemma":"τρεῖς","morphology":"numeral","role":"object of πεφάσθαι","gloss":"three men"},{"surface":"ἑνὸς","lemma":"εἵς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀντὶ","gloss":"for one"},{"surface":"ἀντὶ","lemma":"ἀντί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πεφάσθαι","lemma":"θείνω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive infinitive","role":"subject of εἶναι","gloss":"to have slain"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εὔχεαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"εὔχεαι","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"boast"},{"surface":"οὕτω","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εὔχεαι","gloss":"so"}]},{"number":448,"label":"448","id":"b13-l448","source":"δαιμόνιʼ ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτὸς ἐναντίον ἵστασʼ ἐμεῖο,","translation":"Strange man, come, stand and face me yourself,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l448.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δαιμόνι","lemma":"δαιμόνιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"strange man"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"ἐναντίον","lemma":"ἐναντίον","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition","gloss":"opposite"},{"surface":"ἵστασ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"ἐμεῖο","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐναντίον","gloss":"me"}]},{"number":449,"label":"449","id":"b13-l449","source":"ὄφρα ἴδῃ οἷος Ζηνὸς γόνος ἐνθάδʼ ἱκάνω,","translation":"so that you may see what sort of son of Zeus I am who have come here,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l449.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἴδῃ","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"you may see"},{"surface":"οἷος","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies γόνος","gloss":"what sort of"},{"surface":"Ζηνὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies γόνος","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"γόνος","lemma":"γόνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"offspring"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδ","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἱκάνω","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἱκάνω","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"object of ἴδῃ","gloss":"I have come"}]},{"number":450,"label":"450","id":"b13-l450","source":"ὃς πρῶτον Μίνωα τέκε Κρήτῃ ἐπίουρον·","translation":"he who first begot Minos, guardian of Crete,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l450.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine 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—×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l451.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μίνως","lemma":"Μίνως","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τέκεθ̓","gloss":"Minos"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τέκεθ̓","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"τέκεθ","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"begot"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Δευκαλίωνα","gloss":"a son"},{"surface":"ἀμύμονα","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Δευκαλίωνα","gloss":"blameless"},{"surface":"Δευκαλίωνα","lemma":"Δευκαλίων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τέκεθ̓","gloss":"Deucalion"}]},{"number":452,"label":"452","id":"b13-l452","source":"Δευκαλίων δʼ ἐμὲ τίκτε πολέσσʼ ἄνδρεσσιν ἄνακτα","translation":"and Deucalion begot me, lord over many men","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l452.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Δευκαλίων","lemma":"Δευκαλίων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τίκτε","gloss":"Deucalion"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐμὲ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τίκτε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"τίκτε","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"begot"},{"surface":"πολέσσ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνδρεσσιν","gloss":"over many"},{"surface":"ἄνδρεσσιν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἄνακτα","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἄνακτα","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐμὲ","gloss":"lord"}]},{"number":453,"label":"453","id":"b13-l453","source":"Κρήτῃ ἐν εὐρείῃ· νῦν δʼ ἐνθάδε νῆες ἔνεικαν","translation":"in broad Crete; and now ships have brought me here","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l453.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Κρήτῃ","lemma":"Κρήτη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"in Crete"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"εὐρείῃ","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Κρήτῃ","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔνεικαν","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδε","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἔνεικαν","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"νῆες","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔνεικαν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἔνεικαν","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brought"}]},{"number":454,"label":"454","id":"b13-l454","source":"σοί τε κακὸν καὶ πατρὶ καὶ ἄλλοισι Τρώεσσιν.","translation":"for evil to you and your father and the other Trojans.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l454.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σοί","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔνεικαν","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πατρὶ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"your father"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλοισι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρώεσσιν","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσιν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"Trojans"}]},{"number":455,"label":"455","id":"b13-l455","source":"ὣς φάτο, Δηΐφοβος δὲ διάνδιχα μερμήριξεν","translation":"So he spoke, and Deiphobus pondered two ways within himself,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l455.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"Δηΐφοβος","lemma":"Δηίφοβος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μερμήριξεν","gloss":"Deiphobus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"διάνδιχα","lemma":"διάνδιχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μερμήριξεν","gloss":"between two choices"},{"surface":"μερμήριξεν","lemma":"μερμηρίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pondered"}]},{"number":456,"label":"456","id":"b13-l456","source":"ἤ τινά που Τρώων ἑταρίσσαιτο μεγαθύμων","translation":"whether he should seek out one of the great-hearted Trojans","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l456.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"τινά","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἑταρίσσαιτο","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἑταρίσσαιτο","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τινά","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἑταρίσσαιτο","lemma":"ἑταιρίζω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἦ","gloss":"should seek out"},{"surface":"μεγαθύμων","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρώων","gloss":"great-hearted"}]},{"number":457,"label":"457","id":"b13-l457","source":"ἂψ ἀναχωρήσας, ἦ πειρήσαιτο καὶ οἶος.","translation":"after drawing back, or should test him alone.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l457.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἀναχωρήσας","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ἀναχωρήσας","lemma":"ἀναχωρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἑταρίσσαιτο","gloss":"drawing off"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"πειρήσαιτο","lemma":"πειράω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἦ","gloss":"should test"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"οἶος","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"}]},{"number":458,"label":"458","id":"b13-l458","source":"ὧδε δέ οἱ φρονέοντι δοάσσατο κέρδιον εἶναι","translation":"As he thought on this, it seemed better to him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l458.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δοάσσατο","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to δοάσσατο","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"φρονέοντι","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"thinking"},{"surface":"δοάσσατο","lemma":"δοάσσατο","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it seemed"},{"surface":"κέρδιον","lemma":"κερδίων","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of δοάσσατο","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":459,"label":"459","id":"b13-l459","source":"βῆναι ἐπʼ Αἰνείαν· τὸν δʼ ὕστατον εὗρεν ὁμίλου","translation":"to go to Aeneas; and him he found at the rear of the throng,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l459.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆναι","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject of δοάσσατο","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Αἰνείαν","lemma":"Αἰνείας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εὗρεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὕστατον","lemma":"ὕστερος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"at the rear"},{"surface":"εὗρεν","lemma":"εὑρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"ὁμίλου","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὕστατον","gloss":"of the throng"}]},{"number":460,"label":"460","id":"b13-l460","source":"ἑσταότʼ· αἰεὶ γὰρ Πριάμῳ ἐπεμήνιε δίῳ","translation":"standing there; for he was always angry with godlike Priam","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l460.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑσταότ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεμήνιε","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Πριάμῳ","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπεμήνιε","gloss":"with Priam"},{"surface":"ἐπεμήνιε","lemma":"ἐπιμηνίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was angry"},{"surface":"δίῳ","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πριάμῳ","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":461,"label":"461","id":"b13-l461","source":"οὕνεκʼ ἄρʼ ἐσθλὸν ἐόντα μετʼ ἀνδράσιν οὔ τι τίεσκεν.","translation":"because though he was noble among men, he gave him no honor at all.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l461.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὕνεκ","lemma":"οὕνεκα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐσθλὸν","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἀνδράσιν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μετ̓","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to τίεσκεν","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"τίεσκεν","lemma":"τίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to οὕνεκ̓","gloss":"he honored"}]},{"number":462,"label":"462","id":"b13-l462","source":"ἀγχοῦ δʼ ἱστάμενος ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"Standing close beside him, he addressed him with winged words:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l462.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγχοῦ","lemma":"ἀγχοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἱστάμενος","gloss":"nearby"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱστάμενος","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":463,"label":"463","id":"b13-l463","source":"Αἰνεία Τρώων βουληφόρε νῦν σε μάλα χρὴ","translation":"\"Aeneas, counselor of the bronze-clad Trojans, now it is very needful for you","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l463.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"βουληφόρε","title":"Counselor of the Trojans","body":"βουληφόρος marks Aeneas not just as a fighter but as a man of counsel. In Homeric battle scenes, that pairing of force and advice often marks a leading warrior."}],"words":[{"surface":"Αἰνεία","lemma":"Αἰνείας","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies βουληφόρε","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"βουληφόρε","lemma":"βουληφόρος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἰνεία","gloss":"counselor"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to χρὴ","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀμυνέμεναι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to χρὴ","gloss":"very much"},{"surface":"χρὴ","lemma":"χρή","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it is necessary"}]},{"number":464,"label":"464","id":"b13-l464","source":"γαμβρῷ ἀμυνέμεναι, εἴ πέρ τί σε κῆδος ἱκάνει.","translation":"to defend your brother by marriage, if indeed any care for kin reaches you.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l464.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γαμβρῷ","lemma":"γαμβρός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμυνέμεναι","gloss":"your brother-in-law"},{"surface":"ἀμυνέμεναι","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject of χρὴ","gloss":"to defend"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"πέρ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἱκάνει","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἱκάνει","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"κῆδος","lemma":"κῆδος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἱκάνει","gloss":"kinship concern"},{"surface":"ἱκάνει","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"reaches"}]},{"number":465,"label":"465","id":"b13-l465","source":"ἀλλʼ ἕπευ Ἀλκαθόῳ ἐπαμύνομεν, ὅς σε πάρος γε","translation":"Come then, let us go help Alcathous, who once before","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l465.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"ἕπευ","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"follow"},{"surface":"Ἀλκαθόῳ","lemma":"Ἀλκάθοος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπαμύνομεν","gloss":"Alcathous"},{"surface":"ἐπαμύνομεν","lemma":"ἐπαμύνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us help"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔθρεψε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔθρεψε","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔθρεψε","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":466,"label":"466","id":"b13-l466","source":"γαμβρὸς ἐὼν ἔθρεψε δόμοις ἔνι τυτθὸν ἐόντα·","translation":"being your brother by marriage reared you in his halls when you were little.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l466.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γαμβρὸς","lemma":"γαμβρός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"brother-in-law"},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔθρεψε","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"ἔθρεψε","lemma":"τρέφω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἀλκαθόῳ","gloss":"reared"},{"surface":"δόμοις","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔνι","gloss":"in the halls"},{"surface":"ἔνι","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"τυτθὸν","lemma":"τυτθός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":467,"label":"467","id":"b13-l467","source":"τὸν δέ τοι Ἰδομενεὺς δουρικλυτὸς ἐξενάριξεν.","translation":"Him has Idomeneus, famed with the spear, killed and stripped.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l467.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐξενάριξεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ἰδομενεὺς","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐξενάριξεν","gloss":"Idomeneus"},{"surface":"δουρικλυτὸς","lemma":"δουρικλειτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἰδομενεὺς","gloss":"spear-famed"},{"surface":"ἐξενάριξεν","lemma":"ἐξεναρίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has stripped"}]},{"number":468,"label":"468","id":"b13-l468","source":"ὣς φάτο, τῷ δʼ ἄρα θυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ὄρινε,","translation":"So he spoke, and stirred the spirit within his breast;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l468.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ὄρινε","gloss":"in him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὄρινε","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"στήθεσσιν","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐνὶ","gloss":"his breast"},{"surface":"ὄρινε","lemma":"ὀρίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stirred"}]},{"number":469,"label":"469","id":"b13-l469","source":"βῆ δὲ μετʼ Ἰδομενῆα μέγα πτολέμοιο μεμηλώς.","translation":"and went after Idomeneus, greatly intent on war.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l469.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"Ἰδομενῆα","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μετ̓","gloss":"Idomeneus"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to μεμηλώς","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"πτολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of μεμηλώς","gloss":"for war"},{"surface":"μεμηλώς","lemma":"μέλω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"intent"}]},{"number":470,"label":"470","id":"b13-l470","source":"ἀλλʼ οὐκ Ἰδομενῆα φόβος λάβε τηλύγετον ὥς,","translation":"But fear did not take Idomeneus as it would some tender youth;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l470.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"Ἰδομενῆα","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λάβε","gloss":"Idomeneus"},{"surface":"φόβος","lemma":"φόβος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of λάβε","gloss":"fear"},{"surface":"λάβε","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized"},{"surface":"τηλύγετον","lemma":"τηλύγετος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object","gloss":"a tender youth"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"}]},{"number":471,"label":"471","id":"b13-l471","source":"ἀλλʼ ἔμενʼ ὡς ὅτε τις σῦς οὔρεσιν ἀλκὶ πεποιθώς,","translation":"he stood fast as a boar in the mountains, trusting in its strength,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l471.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"σῦς","title":"Boar simile","body":"The mountain boar is a standard image for a fighter who stands his ground under pressure. Homer uses the animal's bristling back and flashing eyes to make courage bodily and visible."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔμεν","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood fast"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies σῦς","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"σῦς","lemma":"ὗς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"boar"},{"surface":"οὔρεσιν","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in the mountains"},{"surface":"ἀλκὶ","lemma":"ἀλκί","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πεποιθώς","gloss":"in strength"},{"surface":"πεποιθώς","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"trusting"}]},{"number":472,"label":"472","id":"b13-l472","source":"ὅς τε μένει κολοσυρτὸν ἐπερχόμενον πολὺν ἀνδρῶν","translation":"one that waits for the great crowd of men coming on","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l472.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δέ","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μένει","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δέ","gloss":"waits"},{"surface":"κολοσυρτὸν","lemma":"κολοσυρτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μένει","gloss":"for the onrush"},{"surface":"ἐπερχόμενον","lemma":"ἐπέρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies κολοσυρτὸν","gloss":"coming on"},{"surface":"πολὺν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κολοσυρτὸν","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies κολοσυρτὸν","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":473,"label":"473","id":"b13-l473","source":"χώρῳ ἐν οἰοπόλῳ, φρίσσει δέ τε νῶτον ὕπερθεν·","translation":"in a sheep-pasturing place; and the bristles rise high along its back.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l473.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χώρῳ","lemma":"χῶρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"in a place"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"οἰοπόλῳ","lemma":"οἰοπόλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χώρῳ","gloss":"sheep-pasturing"},{"surface":"φρίσσει","lemma":"φρίσσω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δέ","gloss":"bristles"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νῶτον","lemma":"νῶτον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of φρίσσει","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ὕπερθεν","lemma":"ὕπερθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φρίσσει","gloss":"above"}]},{"number":474,"label":"474","id":"b13-l474","source":"ὀφθαλμὼ δʼ ἄρα οἱ πυρὶ λάμπετον· αὐτὰρ ὀδόντας","translation":"His eyes flash with fire, and he whets","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l474.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀφθαλμὼ","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject of λάμπετον","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὀφθαλμὼ","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"πυρὶ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of λάμπετον","gloss":"with fire"},{"surface":"λάμπετον","lemma":"λάμπω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flash"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and then"},{"surface":"ὀδόντας","lemma":"ὀδών","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of θήγει","gloss":"tusks"}]},{"number":475,"label":"475","id":"b13-l475","source":"θήγει, ἀλέξασθαι μεμαὼς κύνας ἠδὲ καὶ ἄνδρας·","translation":"his tusks, eager to ward off dogs and men.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l475.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θήγει","lemma":"θήγω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he whets"},{"surface":"ἀλέξασθαι","lemma":"ἀλέξω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of μεμαὼς","gloss":"to ward off"},{"surface":"μεμαὼς","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to θήγει","gloss":"eager"},{"surface":"κύνας","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἄνδρας","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":476,"label":"476","id":"b13-l476","source":"ὣς μένεν Ἰδομενεὺς δουρικλυτός, οὐδʼ ὑπεχώρει,","translation":"So stood Idomeneus, famed with the spear, and did not give ground,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l476.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μένεν","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"μένεν","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"Ἰδομενεὺς","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"Idomeneus"},{"surface":"δουρικλυτός","lemma":"δουρικλειτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἰδομενεὺς","gloss":"spear-famed"},{"surface":"ὑπεχώρει","lemma":"ὑποχωρέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave ground"}]},{"number":477,"label":"477","id":"b13-l477","source":"Αἰνείαν ἐπιόντα βοηθόον· αὖε δʼ ἑταίρους","translation":"awaiting Aeneas as he came to help; and he called to his companions,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l477.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἰνείαν","lemma":"Αἰνείας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μένεν","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"ἐπιόντα","lemma":"ἔπειμι","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"coming on"},{"surface":"βοηθόον","lemma":"βοηθόος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"to help"},{"surface":"αὖε","lemma":"αὔω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑταίρους","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of αὖε","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":478,"label":"478","id":"b13-l478","source":"Ἀσκάλαφόν τʼ ἐσορῶν Ἀφαρῆά τε Δηΐπυρόν τε","translation":"looking at Ascalaphus and Aphareus and Deipyrus","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l478.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀσκάλαφόν","lemma":"Ἀσκάλαφος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Ascalaphus"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐσορῶν","lemma":"εἰσοράω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to αὖε","gloss":"looking at"},{"surface":"Ἀφαρῆά","lemma":"Ἀφαρεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Aphareus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Δηΐπυρόν","lemma":"Δηίπυρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Deipyrus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":479,"label":"479","id":"b13-l479","source":"Μηριόνην τε καὶ Ἀντίλοχον μήστωρας ἀϋτῆς·","translation":"and Meriones and Antilochus, masters of the war-cry;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l479.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μήστωρας ἀϋτῆς","title":"Marshals of the war-cry","body":"This phrase praises men who know how to direct and sustain the battle shout. It is less about rank than about command presence in the crush of fighting."}],"words":[{"surface":"Μηριόνην","lemma":"Μηριόνης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Meriones"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀντίλοχον","lemma":"Ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Antilochus"},{"surface":"μήστωρας","lemma":"μήστωρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"masters"},{"surface":"ἀϋτῆς","lemma":"ἀυτή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies μήστωρας","gloss":"of the war-cry"}]},{"number":480,"label":"480","id":"b13-l480","source":"τοὺς ὅ γʼ ἐποτρύνων ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"urging them on, he addressed them with winged words:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l480.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of προσηύδα","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐποτρύνων","lemma":"ἐποτρύνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"urging on"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":481,"label":"481","id":"b13-l481","source":"δεῦτε φίλοι, καί μʼ οἴῳ ἀμύνετε· δείδια δʼ αἰνῶς","translation":"\"Come, friends, help me, though I stand alone; and I fear greatly","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l481.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεῦτε","lemma":"δεῦτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"φίλοι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friends"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀμύνετε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"οἴῳ","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μ̓","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"ἀμύνετε","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"defend"},{"surface":"δείδια","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I fear"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰνῶς","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δείδια","gloss":"greatly"}]},{"number":482,"label":"482","id":"b13-l482","source":"Αἰνείαν ἐπιόντα πόδας ταχύν, ὅς μοι ἔπεισιν,","translation":"Aeneas as he comes upon me, swift of foot, who is coming against me,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l482.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἰνείαν","lemma":"αἰνείας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δείδια","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"ἐπιόντα","lemma":"ἔπειμι","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"coming on"},{"surface":"πόδας","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ταχύν","gloss":"in feet"},{"surface":"ταχύν","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἰνείαν","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔπεισιν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔπεισιν","gloss":"against me"},{"surface":"ἔπεισιν","lemma":"ἔπειμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"comes"}]},{"number":483,"label":"483","id":"b13-l483","source":"ὃς μάλα καρτερός ἐστι μάχῃ ἔνι φῶτας ἐναίρειν·","translation":"who is most mighty in battle to take the lives of men;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l483.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐστι","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"καρτερός","lemma":"καρτερός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ἐστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"μάχῃ","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔνι","gloss":"in battle"},{"surface":"ἔνι","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φῶτας","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐναίρειν","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἐναίρειν","lemma":"ἐναίρω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἐστι","gloss":"to slay"}]},{"number":484,"label":"484","id":"b13-l484","source":"καὶ δʼ ἔχει ἥβης ἄνθος, ὅ τε κράτος ἐστὶ μέγιστον.","translation":"and he has the flower of youth, which is the greatest strength.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l484.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἥβης ἄνθος","title":"The flower of youth","body":"Homer regularly speaks of a man's physical prime as a flower. The phrase points to the brief moment when speed, force, and endurance stand at their height."}],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχει","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ἔχει","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"ἥβης","lemma":"ἥβη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἄνθος","gloss":"of youth"},{"surface":"ἄνθος","lemma":"ἄνθος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχει","gloss":"flower"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἐστὶ","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κράτος","lemma":"κράτος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"ἐστὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἄνθος","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"μέγιστον","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κράτος","gloss":"greatest"}]},{"number":485,"label":"485","id":"b13-l485","source":"εἰ γὰρ ὁμηλικίη γε γενοίμεθα τῷδʼ ἐπὶ θυμῷ","translation":"If only we were of one age, with this spirit that is in me,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l485.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"ὁμηλικίη","lemma":"ὁμηλικία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"same age"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γενοίμεθα","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"we were"},{"surface":"τῷδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies θυμῷ","gloss":"with this"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"spirit"}]},{"number":486,"label":"486","id":"b13-l486","source":"αἶψά κεν ἠὲ φέροιτο μέγα κράτος, ἠὲ φεροίμην.","translation":"soon either he would carry off the great glory, or I would.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l486.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψά","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠὲ","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἠέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"φέροιτο","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would carry off"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κράτος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"κράτος","lemma":"κράτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of φέροιτο","gloss":"victory"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἠέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"φεροίμην","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I would"}]},{"number":487,"label":"487","id":"b13-l487","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἕνα φρεσὶ θυμὸν ἔχοντες","translation":"So he spoke, and they all with one heart in their minds","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l487.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ̓","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔστησαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἳ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἕνα","lemma":"εἷς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμὸν","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔχοντες","gloss":"in their minds"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχοντες","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἔχοντες","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔστησαν","gloss":"having"}]},{"number":488,"label":"488","id":"b13-l488","source":"πλησίοι ἔστησαν, σάκεʼ ὤμοισι κλίναντες.","translation":"stood near him, leaning their shields upon their shoulders.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l488.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πλησίοι","lemma":"πλησίος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"nearby"},{"surface":"ἔστησαν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"σάκε","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of κλίναντες","gloss":"shields"},{"surface":"ὤμοισι","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κλίναντες","gloss":"on shoulders"},{"surface":"κλίναντες","lemma":"κλίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔστησαν","gloss":"leaning"}]},{"number":489,"label":"489","id":"b13-l489","source":"Αἰνείας δʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἐκέκλετο οἷς ἑτάροισι","translation":"Aeneas on his side called to his companions,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l489.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἰνείας","lemma":"Αἰνείας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐκέκλετο","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑτέρωθεν","lemma":"ἑτέρωθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐκέκλετο","gloss":"from the other side"},{"surface":"ἐκέκλετο","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"οἷς","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἑτάροισι","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"ἑτάροισι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκέκλετο","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":490,"label":"490","id":"b13-l490","source":"Δηΐφοβόν τε Πάριν τʼ ἐσορῶν καὶ Ἀγήνορα δῖον,","translation":"looking toward Deiphobus and Paris and godlike Agenor,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l490.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Δηΐφοβόν","lemma":"Δηίφοβος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Deiphobus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πάριν","lemma":"Πάρις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Paris"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐσορῶν","lemma":"εἰσοράω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐκέκλετο","gloss":"looking at"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀγήνορα","lemma":"Ἀγήνωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Agenor"},{"surface":"δῖον","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀγήνορα","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":491,"label":"491","id":"b13-l491","source":"οἵ οἱ ἅμʼ ἡγεμόνες Τρώων ἔσαν· αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα","translation":"who along with him were leaders of the Trojans; and then","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l491.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔσαν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἅμ̓","gloss":"with him"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ἡγεμόνες","lemma":"ἡγεμών","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"leaders"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἡγεμόνες","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἔσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕπονθ̓","gloss":"afterward"}]},{"number":492,"label":"492","id":"b13-l492","source":"λαοὶ ἕπονθʼ, ὡς εἴ τε μετὰ κτίλον ἕσπετο μῆλα","translation":"the people followed, as sheep follow a ram","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l492.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λαοὶ","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕπονθ̓","gloss":"the people"},{"surface":"ἕπονθ","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"κτίλον","lemma":"κτίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"a ram"},{"surface":"ἕσπετο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"follow"},{"surface":"μῆλα","lemma":"μῆλον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἕσπετο","gloss":"sheep"}]},{"number":493,"label":"493","id":"b13-l493","source":"πιόμενʼ ἐκ βοτάνης· γάνυται δʼ ἄρα τε φρένα ποιμήν·","translation":"returning from pasture to drink, and the shepherd rejoices at heart;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l493.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πιόμεν","lemma":"πίνω","morphology":"future middle participle, nominative plural neuter","role":"adverbial to ἕσπετο","gloss":"to drink"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"βοτάνης","lemma":"βοτάνη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"pasture"},{"surface":"γάνυται","lemma":"γάνυμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rejoices"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"φρένα","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to γάνυται","gloss":"at heart"},{"surface":"ποιμήν","lemma":"ποιμήν","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of γάνυται","gloss":"shepherd"}]},{"number":494,"label":"494","id":"b13-l494","source":"ὣς Αἰνείᾳ θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσι γεγήθει","translation":"so the heart in Aeneas' breast rejoiced","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l494.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γεγήθει","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"Αἰνείᾳ","lemma":"Αἰνείας","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θυμὸς","gloss":"in Aeneas"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of γεγήθει","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσι","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"his breast"},{"surface":"γεγήθει","lemma":"γηθέω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rejoiced"}]},{"number":495,"label":"495","id":"b13-l495","source":"ὡς ἴδε λαῶν ἔθνος ἐπισπόμενον ἑοῖ αὐτῷ.","translation":"when he saw the host of men following after him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l495.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴδε","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἴδε","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to γεγήθει","gloss":"he saw"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἔθνος","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"ἔθνος","lemma":"ἔθνος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἴδε","gloss":"host"},{"surface":"ἐπισπόμενον","lemma":"ἐφέπω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, accusative singular neuter","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"following"},{"surface":"ἑοῖ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπισπόμενον","gloss":"after him"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"}]},{"number":496,"label":"496","id":"b13-l496","source":"οἳ δʼ ἀμφʼ Ἀλκαθόῳ αὐτοσχεδὸν ὁρμήθησαν","translation":"They rushed upon one another hand to hand around Alcathous","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l496.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὁρμήθησαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"Ἀλκαθόῳ","lemma":"Ἀλκάθοος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφ̓","gloss":"Alcathous"},{"surface":"αὐτοσχεδὸν","lemma":"αὐτοσχεδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὁρμήθησαν","gloss":"hand to hand"},{"surface":"ὁρμήθησαν","lemma":"ὁρμάω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rushed"}]},{"number":497,"label":"497","id":"b13-l497","source":"μακροῖσι ξυστοῖσι· περὶ στήθεσσι δὲ χαλκὸς","translation":"with long spears; and about their chests the bronze","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l497.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μακροῖσι","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ξυστοῖσι","gloss":"with long"},{"surface":"ξυστοῖσι","lemma":"ξυστόν","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ὁρμήθησαν","gloss":"spears"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"στήθεσσι","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"their chests"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χαλκὸς","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κονάβιζε","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":498,"label":"498","id":"b13-l498","source":"σμερδαλέον κονάβιζε τιτυσκομένων καθʼ ὅμιλον","translation":"rang terribly as they took aim in the throng","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l498.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σμερδαλέον","lemma":"σμερδαλέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to κονάβιζε","gloss":"terribly"},{"surface":"κονάβιζε","lemma":"κοναβίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rang"},{"surface":"τιτυσκομένων","lemma":"τιτύσκομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κονάβιζε","gloss":"aiming"},{"surface":"καθ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ὅμιλον","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καθ̓","gloss":"the throng"}]},{"number":499,"label":"499","id":"b13-l499","source":"ἀλλήλων· δύο δʼ ἄνδρες ἀρήϊοι ἔξοχον ἄλλων","translation":"at one another; and two warriors, far beyond the others,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l499.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλήλων","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of τιτυσκομένων","gloss":"at each other"},{"surface":"δύο","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ἄνδρες","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄνδρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἀρήϊοι","lemma":"ἄρειος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνδρες","gloss":"warriors"},{"surface":"ἔξοχον","lemma":"ἔξοχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἵεντ̓","gloss":"far beyond"},{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἔξοχον","gloss":"the others"}]},{"number":500,"label":"500","id":"b13-l500","source":"Αἰνείας τε καὶ Ἰδομενεὺς ἀτάλαντοι Ἄρηϊ","translation":"Aeneas and Idomeneus, peers of Ares,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l500.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀτάλαντοι Ἄρηϊ","title":"Peers of Ares","body":"This formula does not make the warriors divine. It says that in battle they match the god of war in force and ferocity."}],"words":[{"surface":"Αἰνείας","lemma":"Αἰνείας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἰδομενεὺς","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Idomeneus"},{"surface":"ἀτάλαντοι","lemma":"ἀτάλαντος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"equal"},{"surface":"Ἄρηϊ","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀτάλαντοι","gloss":"to Ares"}]},{"number":501,"label":"501","id":"b13-l501","source":"ἵεντʼ ἀλλήλων ταμέειν χρόα νηλέϊ χαλκῷ.","translation":"kept longing to carve each other's flesh with pitiless bronze.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l501.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵεντ","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kept longing"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλων","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies χρόα","gloss":"each other's"},{"surface":"ταμέειν","lemma":"τέμνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἵεντ̓","gloss":"to cut"},{"surface":"χρόα","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ταμέειν","gloss":"flesh"},{"surface":"νηλέϊ","lemma":"νηλής","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκῷ","gloss":"pitiless"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ταμέειν","gloss":"with bronze"}]},{"number":502,"label":"502","id":"b13-l502","source":"Αἰνείας δὲ πρῶτος ἀκόντισεν Ἰδομενῆος·","translation":"Aeneas first cast his spear at Idomeneus;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l502.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἰνείας","lemma":"Αἰνείας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀκόντισεν","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πρῶτος","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ἀκόντισεν","lemma":"ἀκοντίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"Ἰδομενῆος","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀκόντισεν","gloss":"at Idomeneus"}]},{"number":503,"label":"503","id":"b13-l503","source":"ἀλλʼ ὃ μὲν ἄντα ἰδὼν ἠλεύατο χάλκεον ἔγχος,","translation":"But he, seeing it before him, avoided the bronze spear","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l503.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἠλεύατο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄντα","lemma":"ἄντα","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἰδὼν","gloss":"in front"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἠλεύατο","gloss":"seeing"},{"surface":"ἠλεύατο","lemma":"ἀλέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"avoided"},{"surface":"χάλκεον","lemma":"χάλκεος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἠλεύατο","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":504,"label":"504","id":"b13-l504","source":"αἰχμὴ δʼ Αἰνείαο κραδαινομένη κατὰ γαίης","translation":"and the point of Aeneas, shaking, went down into the ground,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l504.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰχμὴ","lemma":"αἰχμή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ᾤχετ̓","gloss":"point"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Αἰνείαο","lemma":"Αἰνείας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies αἰχμὴ","gloss":"of Aeneas"},{"surface":"κραδαινομένη","lemma":"κραδαίνω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ᾤχετ̓","gloss":"shaking"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"γαίης","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"the ground"}]},{"number":505,"label":"505","id":"b13-l505","source":"ᾤχετʼ, ἐπεί ῥʼ ἅλιον στιβαρῆς ἀπὸ χειρὸς ὄρουσεν.","translation":"since it had leapt in vain from his strong hand.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l505.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ᾤχετ","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἅλιον","lemma":"ἅλιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ὄρουσεν","gloss":"in vain"},{"surface":"στιβαρῆς","lemma":"στιβαρός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χειρὸς","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"χειρὸς","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"his hand"},{"surface":"ὄρουσεν","lemma":"ὀρούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"it leapt"}]},{"number":506,"label":"506","id":"b13-l506","source":"Ἰδομενεὺς δʼ ἄρα Οἰνόμαον βάλε γαστέρα μέσσην,","translation":"Then Idomeneus struck Oenomaus in the middle of the belly,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l506.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἰδομενεὺς","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βάλε","gloss":"Idomeneus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Οἰνόμαον","lemma":"Οἰνόμαος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"Oenomaus"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"γαστέρα","lemma":"γαστήρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"belly"},{"surface":"μέσσην","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαστέρα","gloss":"middle"}]},{"number":507,"label":"507","id":"b13-l507","source":"ῥῆξε δὲ θώρηκος γύαλον, διὰ δʼ ἔντερα χαλκὸς","translation":"and shattered the plate of his corselet, and the bronze","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l507.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἔντερα","title":"Entrails","body":"Homeric battle narrative names the body part struck with blunt precision. The poem does not generalize a wound when it can show exactly what the bronze tears open."}],"words":[{"surface":"ῥῆξε","lemma":"ῥήγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shattered"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θώρηκος","lemma":"θώραξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies γύαλον","gloss":"of the corselet"},{"surface":"γύαλον","lemma":"γύαλον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ῥῆξε","gloss":"plate"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔντερα","lemma":"ἔντερον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἤφυσ̓","gloss":"guts"},{"surface":"χαλκὸς","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤφυσ̓","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":508,"label":"508","id":"b13-l508","source":"ἤφυσʼ· ὃ δʼ ἐν κονίῃσι πεσὼν ἕλε γαῖαν ἀγοστῷ.","translation":"gushed through his guts; and he fell in the dust and clutched the ground with his hand.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l508.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤφυσ","lemma":"ἀφύσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gushed"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕλε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κονίῃσι","lemma":"κονία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the dust"},{"surface":"πεσὼν","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕλε","gloss":"falling"},{"surface":"ἕλε","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"clutched"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἕλε","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"ἀγοστῷ","lemma":"ἀγοστός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἕλε","gloss":"with his hand"}]},{"number":509,"label":"509","id":"b13-l509","source":"Ἰδομενεὺς δʼ ἐκ μὲν νέκυος δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος","translation":"Idomeneus drew from the corpse his long-shadowed spear,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l509.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἰδομενεὺς","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"Idomeneus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νέκυος","lemma":"νέκυς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"the corpse"},{"surface":"δολιχόσκιον","lemma":"δολιχόσκιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"long-shadowed"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐσπάσατ̓","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":510,"label":"510","id":"b13-l510","source":"ἐσπάσατʼ, οὐδʼ ἄρʼ ἔτʼ ἄλλα δυνήσατο τεύχεα καλὰ","translation":"but could no longer strip the other fair armor","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l510.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐσπάσατ","lemma":"σπάω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew out"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δυνήσατο","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"ἄλλα","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"δυνήσατο","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀφελέσθαι","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"καλὰ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"fine"}]},{"number":511,"label":"511","id":"b13-l511","source":"ὤμοιιν ἀφελέσθαι· ἐπείγετο γὰρ βελέεσσιν.","translation":"from his shoulders; for he was pressed by darts.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l511.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤμοιιν","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"genitive dual masculine noun","role":"object of ἀφελέσθαι","gloss":"from his shoulders"},{"surface":"ἀφελέσθαι","lemma":"ἀφαιρέω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of δυνήσατο","gloss":"to strip"},{"surface":"ἐπείγετο","lemma":"ἐπείγω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was hard pressed"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"βελέεσσιν","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπείγετο","gloss":"by missiles"}]},{"number":512,"label":"512","id":"b13-l512","source":"οὐ γὰρ ἔτʼ ἔμπεδα γυῖα ποδῶν ἦν ὁρμηθέντι,","translation":"For his limbs in his feet were no longer steady enough","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l512.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦν","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"ἔμπεδα","lemma":"ἔμπεδος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"steady"},{"surface":"γυῖα","lemma":"γυῖον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἦν","gloss":"limbs"},{"surface":"ποδῶν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies γυῖα","gloss":"of his feet"},{"surface":"ἦν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"ὁρμηθέντι","lemma":"ὁρμάω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, dative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦν","gloss":"for charging"}]},{"number":513,"label":"513","id":"b13-l513","source":"οὔτʼ ἄρʼ ἐπαΐξαι μεθʼ ἑὸν· βέλος οὔτʼ ἀλέασθαι.","translation":"either to spring after a cast of his own or avoid a dart.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l513.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπαΐξαι","lemma":"ἐπαίσσω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἦν","gloss":"to spring after"},{"surface":"μεθ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"ἑὸν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of μεθ̓","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"βέλος","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀλέασθαι","gloss":"missile"},{"surface":"ἀλέασθαι","lemma":"ἀλέω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"adverbial to τ̓","gloss":"to avoid"}]},{"number":514,"label":"514","id":"b13-l514","source":"τώ ῥα καὶ ἐν σταδίῃ μὲν ἀμύνετο νηλεὲς ἦμαρ,","translation":"Therefore in the close fight he still held off the pitiless day,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l514.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τώ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"σταδίῃ","lemma":"σταδίη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"close fight"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀμύνετο","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held off"},{"surface":"νηλεὲς","lemma":"νηλής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦμαρ","gloss":"pitiless"},{"surface":"ἦμαρ","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀμύνετο","gloss":"day"}]},{"number":515,"label":"515","id":"b13-l515","source":"τρέσσαι δʼ οὐκ ἔτι ῥίμφα πόδες φέρον ἐκ πολέμοιο.","translation":"but his feet could not swiftly carry him out of the war.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l515.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τρέσσαι","lemma":"τρέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to φέρον","gloss":"to flee"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φέρον","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"ῥίμφα","lemma":"ῥίμφα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φέρον","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"πόδες","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of φέρον","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"φέρον","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"the war"}]},{"number":516,"label":"516","id":"b13-l516","source":"τοῦ δὲ βάδην ἀπιόντος ἀκόντισε δουρὶ φαεινῷ","translation":"And as he went away on foot, Deiphobus cast at him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l516.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀκόντισε","gloss":"at him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βάδην","lemma":"βάδην","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπιόντος","gloss":"on foot"},{"surface":"ἀπιόντος","lemma":"ἄπειμι","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"going away"},{"surface":"ἀκόντισε","lemma":"ἀκοντίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀκόντισε","gloss":"with a spear"},{"surface":"φαεινῷ","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δουρὶ","gloss":"bright"}]},{"number":517,"label":"517","id":"b13-l517","source":"Δηΐφοβος· δὴ γάρ οἱ ἔχεν κότον ἐμμενὲς αἰεί.","translation":"with his bright spear; for he always kept a steadfast anger against him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l517.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Δηΐφοβος","lemma":"Δηιφοβος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀκόντισε","gloss":"Deiphobus"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔχεν","gloss":"against him"},{"surface":"ἔχεν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kept"},{"surface":"κότον","lemma":"κότος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχεν","gloss":"anger"},{"surface":"ἐμμενὲς","lemma":"ἐμμενής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔχεν","gloss":"steadfast"},{"surface":"αἰεί","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐμμενὲς","gloss":"always"}]},{"number":518,"label":"518","id":"b13-l518","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅ γε καὶ τόθʼ ἅμαρτεν, ὃ δʼ Ἀσκάλαφον βάλε δουρὶ","translation":"Yet he missed him there too, and struck Ascalaphus with his spear,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l518.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἅμαρτεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing 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spear"}]},{"number":519,"label":"519","id":"b13-l519","source":"υἱὸν Ἐνυαλίοιο· διʼ ὤμου δʼ ὄβριμον ἔγχος","translation":"the son of Enyalios; and the mighty spear lodged through his shoulder.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l519.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀσκάλαφον","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Ἐνυαλίοιο","lemma":"Ἐνυάλιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"of Enyalios"},{"surface":"δι","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ὤμου","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to δἰ","gloss":"the shoulder"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄβριμον","lemma":"ὄβριμος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔσχεν","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":520,"label":"520","id":"b13-l520","source":"ἔσχεν· ὃ δʼ ἐν κονίῃσι πεσὼν ἕλε γαῖαν ἀγοστῷ.","translation":"He fell in the dust and clutched the ground with his hand.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l520.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσχεν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lodged"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕλε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κονίῃσι","lemma":"κονία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the dust"},{"surface":"πεσὼν","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕλε","gloss":"falling"},{"surface":"ἕλε","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"clutched"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἕλε","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"ἀγοστῷ","lemma":"ἀγοστός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἕλε","gloss":"with his hand"}]},{"number":521,"label":"521","id":"b13-l521","source":"οὐδʼ ἄρα πώ τι πέπυστο βριήπυος ὄβριμος Ἄρης","translation":"And mighty Ares, insatiate of war, had not yet learned","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l521.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πώ","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to πέπυστο","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to πέπυστο","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"πέπυστο","lemma":"πυνθάνομαι","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had learned"},{"surface":"βριήπυος","lemma":"βριήπυος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρης","gloss":"strong-voiced"},{"surface":"ὄβριμος","lemma":"ὄβριμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρης","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"Ἄρης","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πέπυστο","gloss":"Ares"}]},{"number":522,"label":"522","id":"b13-l522","source":"υἷος ἑοῖο πεσόντος ἐνὶ κρατερῇ ὑσμίνῃ,","translation":"that his son had fallen in the strong encounter,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l522.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"υἷος","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of πέπυστο","gloss":"of his son"},{"surface":"ἑοῖο","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷος","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"πεσόντος","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"having fallen"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κρατερῇ","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὑσμίνῃ","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"ὑσμίνῃ","lemma":"ὑσμίνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"battle"}]},{"number":523,"label":"523","id":"b13-l523","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅ γʼ ἄρʼ ἄκρῳ Ὀλύμπῳ ὑπὸ χρυσέοισι νέφεσσιν","translation":"but sat on high Olympus beneath the golden clouds,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l523.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἧστο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄκρῳ","lemma":"ἄκρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀλύμπῳ","gloss":"on high"},{"surface":"Ὀλύμπῳ","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἧστο","gloss":"Olympus"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"χρυσέοισι","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies νέφεσσιν","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"νέφεσσιν","lemma":"νέφος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὸ","gloss":"clouds"}]},{"number":524,"label":"524","id":"b13-l524","source":"ἧστο Διὸς βουλῇσιν ἐελμένος, ἔνθά περ ἄλλοι","translation":"hemmed in by the counsels of Zeus, where the other","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l524.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἧστο","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"pluperfect middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies βουλῇσιν","gloss":"by Zeus's"},{"surface":"βουλῇσιν","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐελμένος","gloss":"plans"},{"surface":"ἐελμένος","lemma":"εἴλω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἧστο","gloss":"hemmed in"},{"surface":"ἔνθά","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦσαν","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":525,"label":"525","id":"b13-l525","source":"ἀθάνατοι θεοὶ ἦσαν ἐεργόμενοι πολέμοιο.","translation":"immortal gods were also kept from war.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l525.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀθάνατοι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦσαν","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"ἦσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ὀλύμπῳ","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"ἐεργόμενοι","lemma":"ἔργω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦσαν","gloss":"held back"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐεργόμενοι","gloss":"from war"}]},{"number":526,"label":"526","id":"b13-l526","source":"οἳ δʼ ἀμφʼ Ἀσκαλάφῳ αὐτοσχεδὸν ὁρμήθησαν·","translation":"But they rushed close together around Ascalaphus.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l526.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὁρμήθησαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"Ἀσκαλάφῳ","lemma":"Ἀσκάλαφος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφ̓","gloss":"Ascalaphus"},{"surface":"αὐτοσχεδὸν","lemma":"αὐτοσχεδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὁρμήθησαν","gloss":"close together"},{"surface":"ὁρμήθησαν","lemma":"ὁρμέω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rushed"}]},{"number":527,"label":"527","id":"b13-l527","source":"Δηΐφοβος μὲν ἀπʼ Ἀσκαλάφου πήληκα φαεινὴν","translation":"Deiphobus snatched from Ascalaphus the shining helmet,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l527.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Δηΐφοβος","lemma":"Δηίφοβος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἥρπασε","gloss":"Deiphobus"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Ἀσκαλάφου","lemma":"Ἀσκάλαφος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπ̓","gloss":"Ascalaphus"},{"surface":"πήληκα","lemma":"πήληξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἥρπασε","gloss":"helmet"},{"surface":"φαεινὴν","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πήληκα","gloss":"shining"}]},{"number":528,"label":"528","id":"b13-l528","source":"ἥρπασε, Μηριόνης δὲ θοῷ ἀτάλαντος Ἄρηϊ","translation":"but Meriones, swift as Ares, leapt in","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l528.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥρπασε","lemma":"ἁρπάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"snatched"},{"surface":"Μηριόνης","lemma":"Μηριόνης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τύψεν","gloss":"Meriones"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"θοῷ","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρηϊ","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἀτάλαντος","lemma":"ἀτάλαντος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μηριόνης","gloss":"equal"},{"surface":"Ἄρηϊ","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀτάλαντος","gloss":"to Ares"}]},{"number":529,"label":"529","id":"b13-l529","source":"δουρὶ βραχίονα τύψεν ἐπάλμενος, ἐκ δʼ ἄρα χειρὸς","translation":"and struck his arm with the spear as he sprang, and from his hand","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l529.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to τύψεν","gloss":"with a spear"},{"surface":"βραχίονα","lemma":"βραχίων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τύψεν","gloss":"arm"},{"surface":"τύψεν","lemma":"τύφω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ἐπάλμενος","lemma":"ἐφάλλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τύψεν","gloss":"springing on"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"χειρὸς","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"his hand"}]},{"number":530,"label":"530","id":"b13-l530","source":"αὐλῶπις τρυφάλεια χαμαὶ βόμβησε πεσοῦσα.","translation":"the visored helmet fell to the ground with a clang.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l530.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"αὐλῶπις τρυφάλεια","title":"Visored helmet","body":"The compound points to a helmet fitted with eye-openings or a face-guard. Homer often notices not just the helmet but the particular way it covers the face."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐλῶπις","lemma":"αὐλῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies τρυφάλεια","gloss":"visored"},{"surface":"τρυφάλεια","lemma":"τρυφάλεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of βόμβησε","gloss":"helmet"},{"surface":"χαμαὶ","lemma":"χαμαί","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of πεσοῦσα","gloss":"to the ground"},{"surface":"βόμβησε","lemma":"βομβέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"clanged"},{"surface":"πεσοῦσα","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to βόμβησε","gloss":"falling"}]},{"number":531,"label":"531","id":"b13-l531","source":"Μηριόνης δʼ ἐξ αὖτις ἐπάλμενος αἰγυπιὸς ὣς","translation":"Then Meriones, springing upon him again like a vulture,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l531.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μηριόνης","lemma":"Μηριόνης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"Meriones"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπάλμενος","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ἐπάλμενος","lemma":"ἐφάλλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐξέρυσε","gloss":"springing on"},{"surface":"αἰγυπιὸς","lemma":"αἰγυπιός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"vulture"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"}]},{"number":532,"label":"532","id":"b13-l532","source":"ἐξέρυσε πρυμνοῖο βραχίονος ὄβριμον ἔγχος,","translation":"tore the mighty spear out of the base of his arm,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l532.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξέρυσε","lemma":"ἐξερύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tore out"},{"surface":"πρυμνοῖο","lemma":"πρυμνός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies βραχίονος","gloss":"from the base"},{"surface":"βραχίονος","lemma":"βραχίων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"of his arm"},{"surface":"ὄβριμον","lemma":"ὄβριμος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξέρυσε","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":533,"label":"533","id":"b13-l533","source":"ἂψ δʼ ἑτάρων εἰς ἔθνος ἐχάζετο. τὸν δὲ Πολίτης","translation":"and drew back into the throng of his companions. But Polites,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l533.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐχάζετο","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑτάρων","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἔθνος","gloss":"of companions"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"ἔθνος","lemma":"ἔθνος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"the throng"},{"surface":"ἐχάζετο","lemma":"χάζω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew back"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐξῆγεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Πολίτης","lemma":"Πολίτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐξῆγεν","gloss":"Polites"}]},{"number":534,"label":"534","id":"b13-l534","source":"αὐτοκασίγνητος περὶ μέσσῳ χεῖρε τιτήνας","translation":"his own brother, stretching both arms about his waist,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l534.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"αὐτοκασίγνητος","title":"Own brother","body":"αὐτοκασίγνητος is stronger than a bare word for brother. It stresses full kinship from the same womb, which sharpens the urgency of Polites' rescue."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτοκασίγνητος","lemma":"αὐτοκασίγνητος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πολίτης","gloss":"own brother"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"μέσσῳ","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"the waist"},{"surface":"χεῖρε","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative dual feminine noun","role":"object of τιτήνας","gloss":"both hands"},{"surface":"τιτήνας","lemma":"τιταίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐξῆγεν","gloss":"stretching"}]},{"number":535,"label":"535","id":"b13-l535","source":"ἐξῆγεν πολέμοιο δυσηχέος, ὄφρʼ ἵκεθʼ ἵππους","translation":"led him out of the loud battle, until he came to the horses","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l535.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξῆγεν","lemma":"ἐξάγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led out"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξῆγεν","gloss":"from battle"},{"surface":"δυσηχέος","lemma":"δυσηχής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πολέμοιο","gloss":"loud-roaring"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ἵκεθ","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφῤ","gloss":"he reached"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἵκεθ̓","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":536,"label":"536","id":"b13-l536","source":"ὠκέας, οἵ οἱ ὄπισθε μάχης ἠδὲ πτολέμοιο","translation":"swift horses, which behind the battle and the fighting","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l536.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὠκέας","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕστασαν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἕστασαν","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"ὄπισθε","lemma":"ὄπισθεν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"μάχης","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πτολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"fighting"}]},{"number":537,"label":"537","id":"b13-l537","source":"ἕστασαν ἡνίοχόν τε καὶ ἅρματα ποικίλʼ ἔχοντες·","translation":"stood with their charioteer and ornate chariot;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l537.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕστασαν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἵππους","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"ἡνίοχόν","lemma":"ἡνίοχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"charioteer"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅρματα","lemma":"ἅρμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"ποικίλ","lemma":"ποικίλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἅρματα","gloss":"ornate"},{"surface":"ἔχοντες","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕστασαν","gloss":"holding"}]},{"number":538,"label":"538","id":"b13-l538","source":"οἳ τόν γε προτὶ ἄστυ φέρον βαρέα στενάχοντα","translation":"bore him toward the city, groaning heavily,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l538.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φέρον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of φέρον","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"προτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of προτὶ","gloss":"the city"},{"surface":"φέρον","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"βαρέα","lemma":"βαρύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to στενάχοντα","gloss":"heavily"},{"surface":"στενάχοντα","lemma":"στενάχω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"groaning"}]},{"number":539,"label":"539","id":"b13-l539","source":"τειρόμενον· κατὰ δʼ αἷμα νεουτάτου ἔρρεε χειρός.","translation":"and worn; and blood ran down from his wounded hand.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l539.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τειρόμενον","lemma":"τείρω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"worn out"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down from"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἷμα","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔρρεε","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"νεουτάτου","lemma":"νεούτατος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χειρός","gloss":"fresh-wounded"},{"surface":"ἔρρεε","lemma":"ῥέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ran"},{"surface":"χειρός","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔρρεε","gloss":"from his hand"}]},{"number":540,"label":"540","id":"b13-l540","source":"οἳ δʼ ἄλλοι μάρναντο, βοὴ δʼ ἄσβεστος ὀρώρει.","translation":"The rest fought on, and an unquenchable cry arose.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l540.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἄλλοι","gloss":"the others"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of μάρναντο","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"μάρναντο","lemma":"μάρναμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fought"},{"surface":"βοὴ","lemma":"βοή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ὀρώρει","gloss":"cry"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄσβεστος","lemma":"ἄσβεστος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies βοὴ","gloss":"unquenchable"},{"surface":"ὀρώρει","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had arisen"}]},{"number":541,"label":"541","id":"b13-l541","source":"ἔνθʼ Αἰνέας Ἀφαρῆα Καλητορίδην ἐπορούσας","translation":"There Aeneas sprang upon Aphareus son of Caletor","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l541.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τύψ̓","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"Αἰνέας","lemma":"Αἰνείας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τύψ̓","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"Ἀφαρῆα","lemma":"Ἀφαρεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τύψ̓","gloss":"Aphareus"},{"surface":"Καλητορίδην","lemma":"Καλητορίδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀφαρῆα","gloss":"son of Caletor"},{"surface":"ἐπορούσας","lemma":"ἐπορούω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τύψ̓","gloss":"springing on"}]},{"number":542,"label":"542","id":"b13-l542","source":"λαιμὸν τύψʼ ἐπὶ οἷ τετραμμένον ὀξέϊ δουρί·","translation":"and struck his throat with the sharp spear as he turned toward him.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l542.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λαιμὸν","lemma":"λαιμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τύψ̓","gloss":"throat"},{"surface":"τύψ","lemma":"τύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"οἷ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"τετραμμένον","lemma":"τρέπω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies Ἀφαρῆα","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"ὀξέϊ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δουρί","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"δουρί","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to τύψ̓","gloss":"with the spear"}]},{"number":543,"label":"543","id":"b13-l543","source":"ἐκλίνθη δʼ ἑτέρωσε κάρη, ἐπὶ δʼ ἀσπὶς ἑάφθη","translation":"His head bent aside, and his shield fell upon him","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l543.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκλίνθη","lemma":"κλίνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bent"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑτέρωσε","lemma":"ἑτέρωσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐκλίνθη","gloss":"aside"},{"surface":"κάρη","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐκλίνθη","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀσπὶς","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"ἑάφθη","lemma":"ἑάφθη","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"}]},{"number":544,"label":"544","id":"b13-l544","source":"καὶ κόρυς, ἀμφὶ δέ οἱ θάνατος χύτο θυμοραϊστής.","translation":"and his helmet, and life-destroying death poured round him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l544.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κόρυς","lemma":"κόρυς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"helmet"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"θάνατος","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of χύτο","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"χύτο","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured"},{"surface":"θυμοραϊστής","lemma":"θυμοραιστής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θάνατος","gloss":"life-destroying"}]},{"number":545,"label":"545","id":"b13-l545","source":"Ἀντίλοχος δὲ Θόωνα μεταστρεφθέντα δοκεύσας","translation":"Then Antilochus, watching Thoon as he turned,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l545.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντίλοχος","lemma":"Ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of οὔτασ̓","gloss":"Antilochus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Θόωνα","lemma":"Θόων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of οὔτασ̓","gloss":"Thoon"},{"surface":"μεταστρεφθέντα","lemma":"μεταστρέφω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"turning back"},{"surface":"δοκεύσας","lemma":"δοκεύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to οὔτασ̓","gloss":"watching"}]},{"number":546,"label":"546","id":"b13-l546","source":"οὔτασʼ ἐπαΐξας, ἀπὸ δὲ φλέβα πᾶσαν ἔκερσεν,","translation":"rushed in and wounded him, and cut through all the vein","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l546.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"φλέβα","title":"The great vein","body":"The line imagines a single vessel running the length of the back into the neck. Homeric anatomy is vivid and practical, shaped by the visible consequences of a wound rather than by medical system."}],"words":[{"surface":"οὔτασ","lemma":"οὐτάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wounded"},{"surface":"ἐπαΐξας","lemma":"ἐπαίσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to οὔτασ̓","gloss":"rushing in"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φλέβα","lemma":"φλέψ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔκερσεν","gloss":"vein"},{"surface":"πᾶσαν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies φλέβα","gloss":"entire"},{"surface":"ἔκερσεν","lemma":"κείρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cut through"}]},{"number":547,"label":"547","id":"b13-l547","source":"ἥ τʼ ἀνὰ νῶτα θέουσα διαμπερὲς αὐχένʼ ἱκάνει·","translation":"that runs up the back and reaches the neck clean through.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l547.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἱκάνει","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"νῶτα","lemma":"νῶτον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀνὰ","gloss":"the back"},{"surface":"θέουσα","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἱκάνει","gloss":"running"},{"surface":"διαμπερὲς","lemma":"διαμπερές","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θέουσα","gloss":"clean through"},{"surface":"αὐχέν","lemma":"αὐχήν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἱκάνει","gloss":"neck"},{"surface":"ἱκάνει","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing φλέβα","gloss":"reaches"}]},{"number":548,"label":"548","id":"b13-l548","source":"τὴν ἀπὸ πᾶσαν ἔκερσεν· ὃ δʼ ὕπτιος ἐν κονίῃσι","translation":"He cut it all away, and Thoon fell backward in the dust,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l548.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἔκερσεν","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"off"},{"surface":"πᾶσαν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἔκερσεν","lemma":"κείρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cut away"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κάππεσεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὕπτιος","lemma":"ὕπτιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"backward"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κονίῃσι","lemma":"κονία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the dust"}]},{"number":549,"label":"549","id":"b13-l549","source":"κάππεσεν, ἄμφω χεῖρε φίλοις ἑτάροισι πετάσσας.","translation":"stretching both hands out toward his dear companions.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l549.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κάππεσεν","lemma":"καταπίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"ἄμφω","lemma":"ἄμφω","morphology":"accusative dual feminine adjective","role":"modifies χεῖρε","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"χεῖρε","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative dual feminine noun","role":"object of πετάσσας","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"φίλοις","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑτάροισι","gloss":"to dear"},{"surface":"ἑτάροισι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of πετάσσας","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"πετάσσας","lemma":"πετάννυμι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κάππεσεν","gloss":"stretching"}]},{"number":550,"label":"550","id":"b13-l550","source":"Ἀντίλοχος δʼ ἐπόρουσε, καὶ αἴνυτο τεύχεʼ ἀπʼ ὤμων","translation":"Antilochus rushed upon him and stripped the armor from his shoulders,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l550.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντίλοχος","lemma":"Ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Antilochus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπόρουσε","lemma":"ἐπορούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rushed on"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἴνυτο","lemma":"αἴνυμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stripped"},{"surface":"τεύχε","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of αἴνυτο","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὤμων","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπ̓","gloss":"shoulders"}]},{"number":551,"label":"551","id":"b13-l551","source":"παπταίνων· Τρῶες δὲ περισταδὸν ἄλλοθεν ἄλλος","translation":"glancing all around; and the Trojans from every side","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l551.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παπταίνων","lemma":"παπταίνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to αἴνυτο","gloss":"glancing around"},{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of οὔταζον","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"περισταδὸν","lemma":"περισταδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οὔταζον","gloss":"all around"},{"surface":"ἄλλοθεν","lemma":"ἄλλοθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οὔταζον","gloss":"from every side"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρῶες","gloss":"each one"}]},{"number":552,"label":"552","id":"b13-l552","source":"οὔταζον σάκος εὐρὺ παναίολον, οὐδὲ δύναντο","translation":"struck his broad shining shield round about,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l552.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔταζον","lemma":"οὐτάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"σάκος","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of οὔταζον","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"εὐρὺ","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σάκος","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"παναίολον","lemma":"παναίολος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σάκος","gloss":"shining"},{"surface":"δύναντο","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were able"}]},{"number":553,"label":"553","id":"b13-l553","source":"εἴσω ἐπιγράψαι τέρενα χρόα νηλέϊ χαλκῷ","translation":"but could not graze the tender flesh within","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l553.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴσω","lemma":"εἴσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπιγράψαι","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"ἐπιγράψαι","lemma":"ἐπιγράφω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δύναντο","gloss":"to graze"},{"surface":"τέρενα","lemma":"τέρην","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χρόα","gloss":"tender"},{"surface":"χρόα","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπιγράψαι","gloss":"flesh"},{"surface":"νηλέϊ","lemma":"νηλής","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκῷ","gloss":"pitiless"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκοῦς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπιγράψαι","gloss":"with bronze"}]},{"number":554,"label":"554","id":"b13-l554","source":"Ἀντιλόχου· πέρι γάρ ῥα Ποσειδάων ἐνοσίχθων","translation":"of Antilochus with pitiless bronze.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l554.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντιλόχου","lemma":"Ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies χρόα","gloss":"of Antilochus"},{"surface":"πέρι","lemma":"περί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ποσειδάων","lemma":"Ποσειδεών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔρυτο","gloss":"Poseidon"},{"surface":"ἐνοσίχθων","lemma":"Ἐνοσίχθων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ποσειδάων","gloss":"earth-shaker"}]},{"number":555,"label":"555","id":"b13-l555","source":"Νέστορος υἱὸν ἔρυτο καὶ ἐν πολλοῖσι βέλεσσιν.","translation":"For Poseidon the earth-shaker guarded Nestor's son","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l555.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Νέστορος","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"Nestor's"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔρυτο","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἔρυτο","lemma":"ῥύομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"guarded"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"amid"},{"surface":"πολλοῖσι","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies βέλεσσιν","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"βέλεσσιν","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"missiles"}]},{"number":556,"label":"556","id":"b13-l556","source":"οὐ μὲν γάρ ποτʼ ἄνευ δηΐων ἦν, ἀλλὰ κατʼ αὐτοὺς","translation":"even amid the many darts.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l556.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἦν","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"ἄνευ","lemma":"ἄνευ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"apart from"},{"surface":"δηΐων","lemma":"δάιος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἄνευ","gloss":"foes"},{"surface":"ἦν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"αὐτοὺς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to κατ̓","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":557,"label":"557","id":"b13-l557","source":"στρωφᾶτʼ· οὐδέ οἱ ἔγχος ἔχʼ ἀτρέμας, ἀλλὰ μάλʼ αἰεὶ","translation":"For he was never at all apart from the foe, but moved among them,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l557.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στρωφᾶτ","lemma":"στρωφάω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he wheeled"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔχ̓","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"ἔχ","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ἀτρέμας","lemma":"ἀτρέμας","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχ̓","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐλέλικτο","gloss":"always"}]},{"number":558,"label":"558","id":"b13-l558","source":"σειόμενον ἐλέλικτο· τιτύσκετο δὲ φρεσὶν ᾗσιν","translation":"and his spear was never still, but was always","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l558.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σειόμενον","lemma":"σείω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular neuter","role":"adverbial to ἐλέλικτο","gloss":"shaken"},{"surface":"ἐλέλικτο","lemma":"ἐλελίζω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"whirled"},{"surface":"τιτύσκετο","lemma":"τιτύσκομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he kept aiming"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φρεσὶν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to τιτύσκετο","gloss":"in his mind"},{"surface":"ᾗσιν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρεσὶν","gloss":"his own"}]},{"number":559,"label":"559","id":"b13-l559","source":"ἤ τευ ἀκοντίσσαι, ἠὲ σχεδὸν ὁρμηθῆναι.","translation":"brandished and shaken; and in his heart he aimed","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l559.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"τευ","lemma":"τις","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀκοντίσσαι","gloss":"at someone"},{"surface":"ἀκοντίσσαι","lemma":"ἀκοντίζω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἠὲ","gloss":"to cast"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"σχεδὸν","lemma":"σχεδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὁρμηθῆναι","gloss":"close up"},{"surface":"ὁρμηθῆναι","lemma":"ὁρμάω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"object of ἠὲ","gloss":"to charge"}]},{"number":560,"label":"560","id":"b13-l560","source":"ἀλλʼ οὐ λῆθʼ Ἀδάμαντα τιτυσκόμενος καθʼ ὅμιλον","translation":"either to cast at someone or to rush in close.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l560.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"λῆθ","lemma":"λάω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"escaped"},{"surface":"Ἀδάμαντα","lemma":"Ἀδάμας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λῆθ̓","gloss":"Adamas"},{"surface":"τιτυσκόμενος","lemma":"τιτύσκομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to λῆθ̓","gloss":"aiming"},{"surface":"καθ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ὅμιλον","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καθ̓","gloss":"the throng"}]},{"number":561,"label":"561","id":"b13-l561","source":"Ἀσιάδην, ὅ οἱ οὖτα μέσον σάκος ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ","translation":"But as he aimed among the throng, Adamas did not escape him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l561.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀσιάδην","lemma":"Ἀσιάδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀδάμαντα","gloss":"Asius's son"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of οὖτα","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies σάκος","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"οὖτα","lemma":"οὐτάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἀδάμαντα","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"μέσον","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σάκος","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"σάκος","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of οὖτα","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"ὀξέϊ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκῷ","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκοῦς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to οὖτα","gloss":"with bronze"}]},{"number":562,"label":"562","id":"b13-l562","source":"ἐγγύθεν ὁρμηθείς· ἀμενήνωσεν δέ οἱ αἰχμὴν","translation":"the son of Asius, who struck the middle of his shield","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l562.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐγγύθεν","lemma":"ἐγγύθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὁρμηθείς","gloss":"from close by"},{"surface":"ὁρμηθείς","lemma":"ὁρμάω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to οὖτα","gloss":"rushing in"},{"surface":"ἀμενήνωσεν","lemma":"ἀμενηνόω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"weakened"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies αἰχμὴν","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"αἰχμὴν","lemma":"αἰχμή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀμενήνωσεν","gloss":"spear-point"}]},{"number":563,"label":"563","id":"b13-l563","source":"κυανοχαῖτα Ποσειδάων βιότοιο μεγήρας.","translation":"with the sharp bronze as he rushed near; but Poseidon of the dark hair","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l563.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κυανοχαῖτα Ποσειδάων","title":"Dark-haired Poseidon","body":"κυανοχαίτης is a color epithet, literally dark-blue or dark-glossed in the hair. It suits a sea god whose appearance often carries the sheen of deep water."}],"words":[{"surface":"κυανοχαῖτα","lemma":"κυανοχαίτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ποσειδάων","gloss":"dark-haired"},{"surface":"Ποσειδάων","lemma":"Ποσειδεών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀμενήνωσεν","gloss":"Poseidon"},{"surface":"βιότοιο","lemma":"βίοτος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of μεγήρας","gloss":"of life"},{"surface":"μεγήρας","lemma":"μεγαίρω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀμενήνωσεν","gloss":"begrudging"}]},{"number":564,"label":"564","id":"b13-l564","source":"καὶ τὸ μὲν αὐτοῦ μεῖνʼ ὥς τε σκῶλος πυρίκαυστος","translation":"made the point of his spear weak, begrudging him his life; and one half of it stayed there,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l564.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of μεῖν̓","gloss":"one part"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μεῖν̓","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"μεῖν","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stayed"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σκῶλος","lemma":"σκῶλος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"stake"},{"surface":"πυρίκαυστος","lemma":"πυρίκαυστος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies σκῶλος","gloss":"fire-charred"}]},{"number":565,"label":"565","id":"b13-l565","source":"ἐν σάκει Ἀντιλόχοιο, τὸ δʼ ἥμισυ κεῖτʼ ἐπὶ γαίης·","translation":"in the shield of Antilochus, like a charred stake, and the other half lay on the ground.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l565.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"σάκει","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the shield"},{"surface":"Ἀντιλόχοιο","lemma":"Ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies σάκει","gloss":"of Antilochus"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter article","role":"modifies ἥμισυ","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἥμισυ","lemma":"ἥμισυς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"subject of κεῖτ̓","gloss":"half"},{"surface":"κεῖτ","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"γαίης","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"the ground"}]},{"number":566,"label":"566","id":"b13-l566","source":"ἂψ δʼ ἑτάρων εἰς ἔθνος ἐχάζετο κῆρʼ ἀλεείνων·","translation":"and he shrank back into the throng of his comrades, avoiding death.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l566.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐχάζετο","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑτάρων","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἔθνος","gloss":"of comrades"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"ἔθνος","lemma":"ἔθνος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"the throng"},{"surface":"ἐχάζετο","lemma":"χάζω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew back"},{"surface":"κῆρ","lemma":"κήρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀλεείνων","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"ἀλεείνων","lemma":"ἀλεείνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐχάζετο","gloss":"avoiding"}]},{"number":567,"label":"567","id":"b13-l567","source":"Μηριόνης δʼ ἀπιόντα μετασπόμενος βάλε δουρὶ","translation":"Meriones, following after him as he withdrew, struck him with the spear","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l567.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μηριόνης","lemma":"Μηριόνης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βάλε","gloss":"Meriones"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπιόντα","lemma":"ἄπειμι","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as he withdrew"},{"surface":"μετασπόμενος","lemma":"μεθέπω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βάλε","gloss":"following after"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to βάλε","gloss":"with the spear"}]},{"number":568,"label":"568","id":"b13-l568","source":"αἰδοίων τε μεσηγὺ καὶ ὀμφαλοῦ, ἔνθα μάλιστα","translation":"between the private parts and the navel, where most of all","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l568.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"αἰδοίων","title":"The groin wound","body":"The next line names the private parts directly. Homer's battle style does not avert its eyes from humiliating or agonizing injuries."}],"words":[{"surface":"αἰδοίων","lemma":"αἰδοῖον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"between the groin"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μεσηγὺ","lemma":"μεσηγύ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀμφαλοῦ","lemma":"ὀμφαλός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"navel"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γίγνετ̓","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γίγνετ̓","gloss":"most of all"}]},{"number":569,"label":"569","id":"b13-l569","source":"γίγνετʼ Ἄρης ἀλεγεινὸς ὀϊζυροῖσι βροτοῖσιν.","translation":"grievous Ares comes upon wretched mortals.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l569.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γίγνετ","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing μεσηγὺ","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"Ἄρης","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of γίγνετ̓","gloss":"Ares"},{"surface":"ἀλεγεινὸς","lemma":"ἀλεγεινός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"grievous"},{"surface":"ὀϊζυροῖσι","lemma":"ὀιζυρός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βροτοῖσιν","gloss":"to wretched"},{"surface":"βροτοῖσιν","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to γίγνετ̓","gloss":"mortals"}]},{"number":570,"label":"570","id":"b13-l570","source":"ἔνθά οἱ ἔγχος ἔπηξεν· ὃ δʼ ἑσπόμενος περὶ δουρὶ","translation":"There the spear fixed in him;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l570.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθά","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔπηξεν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"in him"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔπηξεν","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"ἔπηξεν","lemma":"πήγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fixed"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἤσπαιῤ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑσπόμενος","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤσπαιῤ","gloss":"leaning on it"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"the spear"}]},{"number":571,"label":"571","id":"b13-l571","source":"ἤσπαιρʼ ὡς ὅτε βοῦς τόν τʼ οὔρεσι βουκόλοι ἄνδρες","translation":"and he, collapsed upon the spear, writhed as when a bull","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l571.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"βοῦς","title":"Bull simile","body":"The dying man is compared to a bull dragged off against its will. The image gives the wound weight, noise, and brute resistance even in the instant before death."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἤσπαιρ","lemma":"ἀσπαίρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"writhed"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"βοῦς","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"a bull"},{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἄγουσιν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οὔρεσι","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἄγουσιν","gloss":"in the mountains"},{"surface":"βουκόλοι","lemma":"βουκόλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄνδρες","gloss":"herdsmen"},{"surface":"ἄνδρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄγουσιν","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":572,"label":"572","id":"b13-l572","source":"ἰλλάσιν οὐκ ἐθέλοντα βίῃ δήσαντες ἄγουσιν·","translation":"that mountain herdsmen bind with withies and lead away by force, unwilling.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l572.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἰλλάσιν","lemma":"ἰλλάς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to δήσαντες","gloss":"with withes"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐθέλοντα","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"willing"},{"surface":"βίῃ","lemma":"βία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἄγουσιν","gloss":"by force"},{"surface":"δήσαντες","lemma":"δέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἄγουσιν","gloss":"binding"},{"surface":"ἄγουσιν","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing βοῦς","gloss":"lead"}]},{"number":573,"label":"573","id":"b13-l573","source":"ὣς ὃ τυπεὶς ἤσπαιρε μίνυνθά περ, οὔ τι μάλα δήν,","translation":"So he writhed when he was struck, but only for a little while, not for long,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l573.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤσπαιρε","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἤσπαιρε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"τυπεὶς","lemma":"τύπτω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤσπαιρε","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ἤσπαιρε","lemma":"ἀσπαίρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"writhed"},{"surface":"μίνυνθά","lemma":"μίνυνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"briefly"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"δήν","lemma":"δήν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"long"}]},{"number":574,"label":"574","id":"b13-l574","source":"ὄφρά οἱ ἐκ χροὸς ἔγχος ἀνεσπάσατʼ ἐγγύθεν ἐλθὼν","translation":"until the hero Meriones came near and drew the spear from his flesh;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l574.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρά","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies χροὸς","gloss":"from him"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"χροὸς","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"his flesh"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀνεσπάσατ̓","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"ἀνεσπάσατ","lemma":"ἀνασπάω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρά","gloss":"drew out"},{"surface":"ἐγγύθεν","lemma":"ἐγγύθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐλθὼν","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἐλθὼν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀνεσπάσατ̓","gloss":"coming"}]},{"number":575,"label":"575","id":"b13-l575","source":"ἥρως Μηριόνης· τὸν δὲ σκότος ὄσσε κάλυψε.","translation":"and darkness covered his eyes.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l575.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥρως","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Μηριόνης","gloss":"hero"},{"surface":"Μηριόνης","lemma":"Μηριόνης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνεσπάσατ̓","gloss":"Meriones"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κάλυψε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σκότος","lemma":"σκότος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κάλυψε","gloss":"darkness"},{"surface":"ὄσσε","lemma":"ὄσσε","morphology":"accusative dual neuter noun","role":"object of κάλυψε","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"κάλυψε","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"covered"}]},{"number":576,"label":"576","id":"b13-l576","source":"Δηΐπυρον δʼ Ἕλενος ξίφεϊ σχεδὸν ἤλασε κόρσην","translation":"Then Helenus struck Deipyrus upon the temple","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l576.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Δηΐπυρον","lemma":"Δηίπυρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἤλασε","gloss":"Deipyrus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἕλενος","lemma":"Ἕλενος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"Helenus"},{"surface":"ξίφεϊ","lemma":"ξίφος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἤλασε","gloss":"with a sword"},{"surface":"σχεδὸν","lemma":"σχεδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤλασε","gloss":"close in"},{"surface":"ἤλασε","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"κόρσην","lemma":"κόρση","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἤλασε","gloss":"temple"}]},{"number":577,"label":"577","id":"b13-l577","source":"Θρηϊκίῳ μεγάλῳ, ἀπὸ δὲ τρυφάλειαν ἄραξεν.","translation":"with his great Thracian sword and dashed away his helmet.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l577.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Θρηϊκίῳ","lemma":"Θράκιος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ξίφεϊ","gloss":"Thracian"},{"surface":"μεγάλῳ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ξίφεϊ","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"off"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τρυφάλειαν","lemma":"τρυφάλεια","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἄραξεν","gloss":"helmet"},{"surface":"ἄραξεν","lemma":"ἀράσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"knocked away"}]},{"number":578,"label":"578","id":"b13-l578","source":"ἣ μὲν ἀποπλαγχθεῖσα χαμαὶ πέσε, καί τις Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"It rolled off and fell to the ground, and one of the Achaeans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l578.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of πέσε","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀποπλαγχθεῖσα","lemma":"ἀποπλάζω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to πέσε","gloss":"rolling off"},{"surface":"χαμαὶ","lemma":"χαμαί","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of πέσε","gloss":"to the ground"},{"surface":"πέσε","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐκόμισσε","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":579,"label":"579","id":"b13-l579","source":"μαρναμένων μετὰ ποσσὶ κυλινδομένην ἐκόμισσε·","translation":"fighting there picked it up as it rolled between the feet;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l579.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μαρναμένων","lemma":"μάρναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"modifies ποσσὶ","gloss":"fighting"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"ποσσὶ","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"the feet"},{"surface":"κυλινδομένην","lemma":"κυλίνδω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"rolling"},{"surface":"ἐκόμισσε","lemma":"κομίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"picked up"}]},{"number":580,"label":"580","id":"b13-l580","source":"τὸν δὲ κατʼ ὀφθαλμῶν ἐρεβεννὴ νὺξ ἐκάλυψεν.","translation":"and dark night covered his eyes.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l580.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐκάλυψεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμῶν","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατ̓","gloss":"his eyes"},{"surface":"ἐρεβεννὴ","lemma":"ἐρεβεννός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νὺξ","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"νὺξ","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐκάλυψεν","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"ἐκάλυψεν","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"covered"}]},{"number":581,"label":"581","id":"b13-l581","source":"Ἀτρεΐδην δʼ ἄχος εἷλε βοὴν ἀγαθὸν Μενέλαον·","translation":"Grief seized the son of Atreus, Menelaus, good at the war-cry;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l581.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"βοὴν ἀγαθὸν Μενέλαον","title":"Menelaus in the shout","body":"This epithet praises Menelaus as strong in the battle cry, the public sound of courage and command. Homer keeps such war titles distinct rather than treating them as interchangeable praise."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδην","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Μενέλαον","gloss":"Atreus's son"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄχος","lemma":"ἄχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of εἷλε","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"εἷλε","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized"},{"surface":"βοὴν","lemma":"βοή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀγαθὸν","gloss":"in battle-cry"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὸν","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενέλαον","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"Μενέλαον","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἷλε","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":582,"label":"582","id":"b13-l582","source":"βῆ δʼ ἐπαπειλήσας Ἑλένῳ ἥρωϊ ἄνακτι","translation":"and he went threatening Helenus, the lordly hero,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l582.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπαπειλήσας","lemma":"ἐπαπειλέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"threatening"},{"surface":"Ἑλένῳ","lemma":"Ἕλενος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπαπειλήσας","gloss":"at Helenus"},{"surface":"ἥρωϊ","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἑλένῳ","gloss":"hero"},{"surface":"ἄνακτι","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἑλένῳ","gloss":"lordly"}]},{"number":583,"label":"583","id":"b13-l583","source":"ὀξὺ δόρυ κραδάων· ὃ δὲ τόξου πῆχυν ἄνελκε.","translation":"brandishing his sharp spear; and he drew the bowstring back.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l583.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀξὺ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δόρυ","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"δόρυ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κραδάων","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"κραδάων","lemma":"κραδάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"brandishing"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἄνελκε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τόξου","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies πῆχυν","gloss":"of the bow"},{"surface":"πῆχυν","lemma":"πῆχυς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄνελκε","gloss":"bowstring"},{"surface":"ἄνελκε","lemma":"ἀνέλκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew back"}]},{"number":584,"label":"584","id":"b13-l584","source":"τὼ δʼ ἄρʼ ὁμαρτήδην ὃ μὲν ἔγχεϊ ὀξυόεντι","translation":"Both at once together, one with the sharp spear","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l584.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὁμαρτήδην","lemma":"ὁμαρτήδην","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἵετ̓","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔγχεϊ","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀκοντίσσαι","gloss":"with a spear"},{"surface":"ὀξυόεντι","lemma":"ὀξυόεις","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχεϊ","gloss":"sharp"}]},{"number":585,"label":"585","id":"b13-l585","source":"ἵετʼ ἀκοντίσσαι, ὃ δʼ ἀπὸ νευρῆφιν ὀϊστῷ.","translation":"eager to cast, the other with an arrow from the string.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l585.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵετ","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was eager"},{"surface":"ἀκοντίσσαι","lemma":"ἀκοντίζω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἵετ̓","gloss":"to cast"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"νευρῆφιν","lemma":"νευρή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπὸ","gloss":"the string"},{"surface":"ὀϊστῷ","lemma":"ὀιστός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with an arrow"}]},{"number":586,"label":"586","id":"b13-l586","source":"Πριαμίδης μὲν ἔπειτα κατὰ στῆθος βάλεν ἰῷ","translation":"The son of Priam then hit him in the chest","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l586.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πριαμίδης","lemma":"Πριαμίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βάλεν","gloss":"Priam's son"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βάλεν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in the chest"},{"surface":"στῆθος","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"βάλεν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hit"},{"surface":"ἰῷ","lemma":"ἰός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to βάλεν","gloss":"with an arrow"}]},{"number":587,"label":"587","id":"b13-l587","source":"θώρηκος γύαλον, ἀπὸ δʼ ἔπτατο πικρὸς ὀϊστός.","translation":"upon the plate of his corselet, but the bitter arrow flew off.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l587.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θώρηκος","lemma":"θώραξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies γύαλον","gloss":"of the corselet"},{"surface":"γύαλον","lemma":"γύαλον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of βάλεν","gloss":"plate"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"away from"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔπτατο","lemma":"πέτομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flew off"},{"surface":"πικρὸς","lemma":"πικρός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀϊστός","gloss":"bitter"},{"surface":"ὀϊστός","lemma":"ὀιστός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔπτατο","gloss":"arrow"}]},{"number":588,"label":"588","id":"b13-l588","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἀπὸ πλατέος πτυόφιν μεγάλην κατʼ ἀλωὴν","translation":"As when from a broad shovel upon a threshing floor","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l588.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θρῴσκωσιν","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πλατέος","lemma":"πλατύς","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πτυόφιν","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"πτυόφιν","lemma":"πτύον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"shovel"},{"surface":"μεγάλην","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλωὴν","gloss":"large"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ἀλωὴν","lemma":"ἀλωή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατ̓","gloss":"threshing floor"}]},{"number":589,"label":"589","id":"b13-l589","source":"θρῴσκωσιν κύαμοι μελανόχροες ἢ ἐρέβινθοι","translation":"black beans or chickpeas leap away","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l589.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θρῴσκωσιν","lemma":"θρῴσκω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὣς","gloss":"leap"},{"surface":"κύαμοι","lemma":"κύαμος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἢ","gloss":"beans"},{"surface":"μελανόχροες","lemma":"μελανόχρους","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἢ","gloss":"black-skinned"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἐρέβινθοι","lemma":"ἐρέβινθος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἢ","gloss":"chickpeas"}]},{"number":590,"label":"590","id":"b13-l590","source":"πνοιῇ ὕπο λιγυρῇ καὶ λικμητῆρος ἐρωῇ,","translation":"under the shrill blast and the rush of the winnowing wind,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l590.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πνοιῇ","lemma":"πνοή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"under the blast"},{"surface":"ὕπο","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"λιγυρῇ","lemma":"λιγυρός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πνοιῇ","gloss":"shrill"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λικμητῆρος","lemma":"λικμητήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐρωῇ","gloss":"of the winnower"},{"surface":"ἐρωῇ","lemma":"ἐρωή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"rush"}]},{"number":591,"label":"591","id":"b13-l591","source":"ὣς ἀπὸ θώρηκος Μενελάου κυδαλίμοιο","translation":"so from the corselet of glorious Menelaus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l591.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔπτατο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"θώρηκος","lemma":"θώραξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"the corselet"},{"surface":"Μενελάου","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θώρηκος","gloss":"of Menelaus"},{"surface":"κυδαλίμοιο","lemma":"κυδάλιμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενελάου","gloss":"glorious"}]},{"number":592,"label":"592","id":"b13-l592","source":"πολλὸν ἀποπλαγχθεὶς ἑκὰς ἔπτατο πικρὸς ὀϊστός.","translation":"the bitter arrow glanced far off and flew away.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l592.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὸν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀποπλαγχθεὶς","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"ἀποπλαγχθεὶς","lemma":"ἀποπλάζω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔπτατο","gloss":"glancing off"},{"surface":"ἑκὰς","lemma":"ἑκάς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔπτατο","gloss":"far away"},{"surface":"ἔπτατο","lemma":"πέτομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flew"},{"surface":"πικρὸς","lemma":"πικρός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀϊστός","gloss":"bitter"},{"surface":"ὀϊστός","lemma":"ὀιστός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔπτατο","gloss":"arrow"}]},{"number":593,"label":"593","id":"b13-l593","source":"Ἀτρεΐδης δʼ ἄρα χεῖρα βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Μενέλαος","translation":"But the son of Atreus, Menelaus, good at the war-cry,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l593.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδης","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Μενέλαος","gloss":"Atreus's son"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"χεῖρα","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of βάλεν","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"βοὴν","lemma":"βοή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀγαθὸς","gloss":"in battle-cry"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὸς","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενέλαος","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"Μενέλαος","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βάλεν","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":594,"label":"594","id":"b13-l594","source":"τὴν βάλεν ᾗ ῥʼ ἔχε τόξον ἐΰξοον· ἐν δʼ ἄρα τόξῳ","translation":"struck the hand with which he held the well-polished bow;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l594.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies χεῖρα","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"βάλεν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ᾗ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔχε","gloss":"with which"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔχε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing χεῖρα","gloss":"he held"},{"surface":"τόξον","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχε","gloss":"bow"},{"surface":"ἐΰξοον","lemma":"εὔξοος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τόξον","gloss":"well-polished"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τόξῳ","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"the bow"}]},{"number":595,"label":"595","id":"b13-l595","source":"ἀντικρὺ διὰ χειρὸς ἐλήλατο χάλκεον ἔγχος.","translation":"clean through the hand and into the bow went the bronze spear.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l595.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀντικρὺ","lemma":"ἀντικρύ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διὰ","gloss":"straight through"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"χειρὸς","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of διὰ","gloss":"the hand"},{"surface":"ἐλήλατο","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove through"},{"surface":"χάλκεον","lemma":"χάλκεος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐλήλατο","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":596,"label":"596","id":"b13-l596","source":"ἂψ δʼ ἑτάρων εἰς ἔθνος ἐχάζετο κῆρʼ ἀλεείνων","translation":"and he shrank back into the throng of his comrades, avoiding death.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l596.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐχάζετο","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑτάρων","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἔθνος","gloss":"of comrades"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"ἔθνος","lemma":"ἔθνος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"the throng"},{"surface":"ἐχάζετο","lemma":"χάζω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew back"},{"surface":"κῆρ","lemma":"κήρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀλεείνων","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"ἀλεείνων","lemma":"ἀλεείνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐχάζετο","gloss":"avoiding"}]},{"number":597,"label":"597","id":"b13-l597","source":"χεῖρα παρακρεμάσας· τὸ δʼ ἐφέλκετο μείλινον ἔγχος.","translation":"letting his hand hang down; and the ash spear dragged behind him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l597.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χεῖρα","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of παρακρεμάσας","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"παρακρεμάσας","lemma":"παρακρεμάννυμι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐχάζετο","gloss":"letting hang"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter article","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐφέλκετο","lemma":"ἐφέλκω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dragged"},{"surface":"μείλινον","lemma":"μέλινος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"ash-wood"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐφέλκετο","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":598,"label":"598","id":"b13-l598","source":"καὶ τὸ μὲν ἐκ χειρὸς ἔρυσεν μεγάθυμος Ἀγήνωρ,","translation":"But great-hearted Agenor drew it out of his hand,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l598.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἔρυσεν","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"χειρὸς","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"his hand"},{"surface":"ἔρυσεν","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew out"},{"surface":"μεγάθυμος","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀγήνωρ","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"Ἀγήνωρ","lemma":"Ἀγήνωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"Agenor"}]},{"number":599,"label":"599","id":"b13-l599","source":"αὐτὴν δὲ ξυνέδησεν ἐϋστρεφεῖ οἰὸς ἀώτῳ","translation":"and bound the hand itself with a sling of well-twisted sheep's wool,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l599.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὴν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"object of ξυνέδησεν","gloss":"it itself"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ξυνέδησεν","lemma":"συνδέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bound up"},{"surface":"ἐϋστρεφεῖ","lemma":"ἐυστρεφής","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀώτῳ","gloss":"well-twisted"},{"surface":"οἰὸς","lemma":"ὄις","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀώτῳ","gloss":"of sheep"},{"surface":"ἀώτῳ","lemma":"ἄωτον","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with a thong"}]},{"number":600,"label":"600","id":"b13-l600","source":"σφενδόνῃ, ἣν ἄρα οἱ θεράπων ἔχε ποιμένι λαῶν.","translation":"a sling which his attendant held for the shepherd of the people.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l600.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σφενδόνῃ","lemma":"σφενδόνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with a sling"},{"surface":"ἣν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἔχε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔχε","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"θεράπων","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔχε","gloss":"attendant"},{"surface":"ἔχε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing σφενδόνῃ","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"ποιμένι","lemma":"ποιμήν","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies οἱ","gloss":"for the shepherd"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ποιμένι","gloss":"of the people"}]},{"number":601,"label":"601","id":"b13-l601","source":"Πείσανδρος δʼ ἰθὺς Μενελάου κυδαλίμοιο","translation":"Then Peisander came straight at glorious Menelaus;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l601.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πείσανδρος","lemma":"Πείσανδρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤϊε","gloss":"Peisander"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἰθὺς","lemma":"ἰθύς","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition","gloss":"straight at"},{"surface":"Μενελάου","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἰθὺς","gloss":"Menelaus"},{"surface":"κυδαλίμοιο","lemma":"κυδάλιμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενελάου","gloss":"glorious"}]},{"number":602,"label":"602","id":"b13-l602","source":"ἤϊε· τὸν δʼ ἄγε μοῖρα κακὴ θανάτοιο τέλος δὲ","translation":"evil fate led him to his death, to be brought low","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l602.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μοῖρα κακὴ θανάτοιο τέλος","title":"Fate to a death-end","body":"μοῖρα here is not abstract fortune in general but the portion that leads a man to his appointed death. τέλος sharpens it further: the line says he is being led to his end."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἤϊε","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἄγε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"μοῖρα","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἄγε","gloss":"fate"},{"surface":"κακὴ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μοῖρα","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"θανάτοιο","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τέλος","gloss":"of death"},{"surface":"τέλος","lemma":"τέλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἄγε","gloss":"end"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":603,"label":"603","id":"b13-l603","source":"σοὶ Μενέλαε δαμῆναι ἐν αἰνῇ δηϊοτῆτι.","translation":"by you, Menelaus, in the terrible battle.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l603.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δαμῆναι","gloss":"by you"},{"surface":"Μενέλαε","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Menelaus"},{"surface":"δαμῆναι","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἄγε","gloss":"to be slain"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"αἰνῇ","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies δηϊοτῆτι","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"δηϊοτῆτι","lemma":"δηιοτής","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"battle"}]},{"number":604,"label":"604","id":"b13-l604","source":"οἳ δʼ ὅτε δὴ σχεδὸν ἦσαν ἐπʼ ἀλλήλοισιν ἰόντες","translation":"Now when they had come near, advancing on one another,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l604.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦσαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦσαν","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σχεδὸν","lemma":"σχεδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦσαν","gloss":"close"},{"surface":"ἦσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἅμαρτε","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλοισιν","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"ἰόντες","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦσαν","gloss":"going"}]},{"number":605,"label":"605","id":"b13-l605","source":"Ἀτρεΐδης μὲν ἅμαρτε, παραὶ δέ οἱ ἐτράπετʼ ἔγχος,","translation":"the son of Atreus missed, and his spear turned aside from him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l605.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδης","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἅμαρτε","gloss":"Atreus's son"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἅμαρτε","lemma":"ἁμαρτάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"missed"},{"surface":"παραὶ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐτράπετ̓","gloss":"aside"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐτράπετ̓","gloss":"from him"},{"surface":"ἐτράπετ","lemma":"τρέπω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐτράπετ̓","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":606,"label":"606","id":"b13-l606","source":"Πείσανδρος δὲ σάκος Μενελάου κυδαλίμοιο","translation":"but Peisander struck the shield of glorious Menelaus.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l606.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πείσανδρος","lemma":"Πείσανδρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of οὔτασεν","gloss":"Peisander"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σάκος","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of οὔτασεν","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"Μενελάου","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies σάκος","gloss":"of Menelaus"},{"surface":"κυδαλίμοιο","lemma":"κυδάλιμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενελάου","gloss":"glorious"}]},{"number":607,"label":"607","id":"b13-l607","source":"οὔτασεν, οὐδὲ διὰ πρὸ δυνήσατο χαλκὸν ἐλάσσαι·","translation":"Yet he could not drive the bronze all the way through;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l607.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"οὐδὲ διὰ πρὸ","title":"Not all the way through","body":"The phrase marks a failed penetration. The bronze hits hard, but it does not pass clean through shield and body the way a fatal cast often does elsewhere in the poem."}],"words":[{"surface":"οὔτασεν","lemma":"οὐτάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"πρὸ","lemma":"πρό","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐλάσσαι","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"δυνήσατο","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"χαλκὸν","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐλάσσαι","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ἐλάσσαι","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δυνήσατο","gloss":"drive"}]},{"number":608,"label":"608","id":"b13-l608","source":"ἔσχεθε γὰρ σάκος εὐρύ, κατεκλάσθη δʼ ἐνὶ καυλῷ","translation":"for the broad shield held it off, and the spear snapped in the shaft.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l608.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσχεθε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held off"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"σάκος","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔσχεθε","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"εὐρύ","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σάκος","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"κατεκλάσθη","lemma":"κατακλάω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"snapped"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"καυλῷ","lemma":"καυλός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"the shaft"}]},{"number":609,"label":"609","id":"b13-l609","source":"ἔγχος· ὃ δὲ φρεσὶν ᾗσι χάρη καὶ ἐέλπετο νίκην.","translation":"And he rejoiced in his heart and hoped for victory.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l609.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of κατεκλάσθη","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φρεσὶν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to χάρη","gloss":"in his heart"},{"surface":"ᾗσι","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρεσὶν","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"χάρη","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rejoiced"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐέλπετο","lemma":"ἔλπω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hoped"},{"surface":"νίκην","lemma":"νίκη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐέλπετο","gloss":"for victory"}]},{"number":610,"label":"610","id":"b13-l610","source":"Ἀτρεΐδης δὲ ἐρυσσάμενος ξίφος ἀργυρόηλον","translation":"Then the son of Atreus, drawing his silver-studded sword,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l610.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδης","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἆλτ̓","gloss":"Atreus's son"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐρυσσάμενος","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἆλτ̓","gloss":"drawing"},{"surface":"ξίφος","lemma":"ξίφος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐρυσσάμενος","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"ἀργυρόηλον","lemma":"ἀργυρόηλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ξίφος","gloss":"silver-studded"}]},{"number":611,"label":"611","id":"b13-l611","source":"ἆλτʼ ἐπὶ Πεισάνδρῳ· ὃ δʼ ὑπʼ ἀσπίδος εἵλετο καλὴν","translation":"sprang upon Peisander; and he from beneath his shield","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l611.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἆλτ","lemma":"ἅλλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sprang"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"Πεισάνδρῳ","lemma":"Πείσανδρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"Peisander"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἵλετο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from under"},{"surface":"ἀσπίδος","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπ̓","gloss":"his shield"},{"surface":"εἵλετο","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took up"},{"surface":"καλὴν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀξίνην","gloss":"fair"}]},{"number":612,"label":"612","id":"b13-l612","source":"ἀξίνην εὔχαλκον ἐλαΐνῳ ἀμφὶ πελέκκῳ","translation":"took up a fair axe of bronze, with olive-wood about the handle,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l612.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀξίνην","lemma":"ἀξίνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἵλετο","gloss":"axe"},{"surface":"εὔχαλκον","lemma":"εὔχαλκος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀξίνην","gloss":"bronze-bound"},{"surface":"ἐλαΐνῳ","lemma":"ἐλάινος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πελέκκῳ","gloss":"olive-wood"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"πελέκκῳ","lemma":"πέλεκκον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ἀμφὶ","gloss":"the handle"}]},{"number":613,"label":"613","id":"b13-l613","source":"μακρῷ ἐϋξέστῳ· ἅμα δʼ ἀλλήλων ἐφίκοντο.","translation":"long and finely shaped; and they closed together.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l613.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μακρῷ","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πελέκκῳ","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"ἐϋξέστῳ","lemma":"εὔξεστος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πελέκκῳ","gloss":"well-shaped"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐφίκοντο","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλων","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐφίκοντο","gloss":"with each other"},{"surface":"ἐφίκοντο","lemma":"ἐφικνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"closed"}]},{"number":614,"label":"614","id":"b13-l614","source":"ἤτοι ὃ μὲν κόρυθος φάλον ἤλασεν ἱπποδασείης","translation":"He struck the crest of the horse-haired helmet","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l614.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἤλασεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κόρυθος","lemma":"κόρυς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies φάλον","gloss":"of the helmet"},{"surface":"φάλον","lemma":"φάλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἤλασεν","gloss":"crest"},{"surface":"ἤλασεν","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ἱπποδασείης","lemma":"ἱπποδάσεια","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κόρυθος","gloss":"horse-haired"}]},{"number":615,"label":"615","id":"b13-l615","source":"ἄκρον ὑπὸ λόφον αὐτόν, ὃ δὲ προσιόντα μέτωπον","translation":"at the very top beneath the plume; but the other struck his forehead","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l615.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄκρον","lemma":"ἄκρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies φάλον","gloss":"very top"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"λόφον","lemma":"λόφος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὸ","gloss":"the plume"},{"surface":"αὐτόν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"προσιόντα","lemma":"πρόσειμι","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as he came on"},{"surface":"μέτωπον","lemma":"μέτωπον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"forehead"}]},{"number":616,"label":"616","id":"b13-l616","source":"ῥινὸς ὕπερ πυμάτης· λάκε δʼ ὀστέα, τὼ δέ οἱ ὄσσε","translation":"above the root of the nose; the bones cracked, and both his eyes","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l616.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥινὸς","lemma":"ῥίς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὕπερ","gloss":"of the nose"},{"surface":"ὕπερ","lemma":"ὑπέρ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"πυμάτης","lemma":"πύματος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ῥινὸς","gloss":"at the root"},{"surface":"λάκε","lemma":"λάσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cracked"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀστέα","lemma":"ὀστέον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of λάκε","gloss":"bones"},{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual neuter article","role":"modifies ὄσσε","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὄσσε","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ὄσσε","lemma":"ὄσσε","morphology":"nominative dual neuter noun","role":"subject of πέσον","gloss":"eyes"}]},{"number":617,"label":"617","id":"b13-l617","source":"πὰρ ποσὶν αἱματόεντα χαμαὶ πέσον ἐν κονίῃσιν,","translation":"bloodied fell in the dust at his feet.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l617.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ποσὶν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πὰρ","gloss":"his feet"},{"surface":"αἱματόεντα","lemma":"αἱματόεις","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"bloodied"},{"surface":"χαμαὶ","lemma":"χαμαί","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of πέσον","gloss":"to the ground"},{"surface":"πέσον","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κονίῃσιν","lemma":"κονία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the dust"}]},{"number":618,"label":"618","id":"b13-l618","source":"ἰδνώθη δὲ πεσών· ὃ δὲ λὰξ ἐν στήθεσι βαίνων","translation":"He collapsed as he fell; and Menelaus, stepping on his chest,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l618.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἰδνώθη","lemma":"ἰδνόομαι","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"collapsed"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πεσών","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἰδνώθη","gloss":"falling"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λὰξ","lemma":"λάξ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βαίνων","gloss":"with heel"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"στήθεσι","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"his chest"},{"surface":"βαίνων","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐξενάριξε","gloss":"stepping"}]},{"number":619,"label":"619","id":"b13-l619","source":"τεύχεά τʼ ἐξενάριξε καὶ εὐχόμενος ἔπος ηὔδα·","translation":"stripped off his armor and spoke a word of triumph:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l619.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τεύχεά","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξενάριξε","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξενάριξε","lemma":"ἐξεναρίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stripped"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὐχόμενος","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"boasting"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":620,"label":"620","id":"b13-l620","source":"λείψετέ θην οὕτω γε νέας Δαναῶν ταχυπώλων","translation":"\"So then, in this way, you Trojans will leave","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l620.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λείψετέ","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"future active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you will leave"},{"surface":"θην","lemma":"θήν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οὕτω","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λείψετέ","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νέας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of λείψετέ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"Δαναῶν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies νέας","gloss":"of the Danaans"},{"surface":"ταχυπώλων","lemma":"ταχύπωλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Δαναῶν","gloss":"swift-horsed"}]},{"number":621,"label":"621","id":"b13-l621","source":"Τρῶες ὑπερφίαλοι δεινῆς ἀκόρητοι ἀϋτῆς,","translation":"the swift-horsed ships of the Danaans, overbearing men, insatiate of the fearful battle,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l621.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ὑπερφίαλοι","lemma":"ὑπερφίαλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρῶες","gloss":"overbearing"},{"surface":"δεινῆς","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀϋτῆς","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"ἀκόρητοι","lemma":"ἀκόρητος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρῶες","gloss":"insatiate"},{"surface":"ἀϋτῆς","lemma":"ἀυτή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀκόρητοι","gloss":"of battle-cry"}]},{"number":622,"label":"622","id":"b13-l622","source":"ἄλλης μὲν λώβης τε καὶ αἴσχεος οὐκ ἐπιδευεῖς","translation":"lacking in no other outrage or shame","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l622.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλης","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies λώβης","gloss":"of other"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"λώβης","lemma":"λώβη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"outrage"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἴσχεος","lemma":"αἶσχος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"shame"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐπιδευεῖς","lemma":"ἐπιδευής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"lacking"}]},{"number":623,"label":"623","id":"b13-l623","source":"ἣν ἐμὲ λωβήσασθε κακαὶ κύνες, οὐδέ τι θυμῷ","translation":"with which you shamed me, evil dogs, and you did not in your hearts","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l623.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἣν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of λωβήσασθε","gloss":"with which"},{"surface":"ἐμὲ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of λωβήσασθε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"λωβήσασθε","lemma":"λωβάομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing λώβης","gloss":"you dishonored"},{"surface":"κακαὶ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"vocative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies κύνες","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"κύνες","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"vocative plural feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐδείσατε","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐδείσατε","gloss":"in your hearts"}]},{"number":624,"label":"624","id":"b13-l624","source":"Ζηνὸς ἐριβρεμέτεω χαλεπὴν ἐδείσατε μῆνιν","translation":"fear the hard wrath of loud-thundering Zeus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l624.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζηνὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μῆνιν","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"ἐριβρεμέτεω","lemma":"ἐριβρεμέτης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζηνὸς","gloss":"loud-thundering"},{"surface":"χαλεπὴν","lemma":"χαλεπός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μῆνιν","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"ἐδείσατε","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you feared"},{"surface":"μῆνιν","lemma":"μῆνις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐδείσατε","gloss":"wrath"}]},{"number":625,"label":"625","id":"b13-l625","source":"ξεινίου, ὅς τέ ποτʼ ὔμμι διαφθέρσει πόλιν αἰπήν·","translation":"god of guest-right, who one day will destroy your steep city.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l625.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ξεινίου","lemma":"ξένιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ζηνὸς","gloss":"guest-protecting"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of διαφθέρσει","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to διαφθέρσει","gloss":"one day"},{"surface":"ὔμμι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to διαφθέρσει","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"διαφθέρσει","lemma":"διαφθείρω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ζηνὸς","gloss":"will destroy"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of διαφθέρσει","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"αἰπήν","lemma":"αἰπός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πόλιν","gloss":"steep"}]},{"number":626,"label":"626","id":"b13-l626","source":"οἵ μευ κουριδίην ἄλοχον καὶ κτήματα πολλὰ","translation":"You who took away my wedded wife","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l626.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of οἴχεσθ̓","gloss":"you who"},{"surface":"μευ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"κουριδίην","lemma":"κουρίδιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄλοχον","gloss":"wedded"},{"surface":"ἄλοχον","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κτήματα","lemma":"κτῆμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"possessions"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κτήματα","gloss":"many"}]},{"number":627,"label":"627","id":"b13-l627","source":"μὰψ οἴχεσθʼ ἀνάγοντες, ἐπεὶ φιλέεσθε παρʼ αὐτῇ·","translation":"and much wealth for nothing, after you had been kindly welcomed by her.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l627.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μὰψ","lemma":"μάψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οἴχεσθ̓","gloss":"for nothing"},{"surface":"οἴχεσθ","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you carried off"},{"surface":"ἀνάγοντες","lemma":"ἀνάγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to οἴχεσθ̓","gloss":"taking away"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"φιλέεσθε","lemma":"φιλέω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"you were welcomed"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"αὐτῇ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to παῤ","gloss":"her"}]},{"number":628,"label":"628","id":"b13-l628","source":"νῦν αὖτʼ ἐν νηυσὶν μενεαίνετε ποντοπόροισι","translation":"And now again upon the seafaring ships you are bent","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l628.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μενεαίνετε","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μενεαίνετε","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"μενεαίνετε","lemma":"μενεαίνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you are bent"},{"surface":"ποντοπόροισι","lemma":"ποντόπορος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶν","gloss":"seafaring"}]},{"number":629,"label":"629","id":"b13-l629","source":"πῦρ ὀλοὸν βαλέειν, κτεῖναι δʼ ἥρωας Ἀχαιούς.","translation":"to cast destructive fire, and kill the Achaean heroes.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l629.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πῦρ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of βαλέειν","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"ὀλοὸν","lemma":"ὀλοός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πῦρ","gloss":"destructive"},{"surface":"βαλέειν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"to cast"},{"surface":"κτεῖναι","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"to kill"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἥρωας","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κτεῖναι","gloss":"heroes"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἥρωας","gloss":"Achaean"}]},{"number":630,"label":"630","id":"b13-l630","source":"ἀλλά ποθι σχήσεσθε καὶ ἐσσύμενοί περ Ἄρηος.","translation":"But somewhere you will be checked, eager though you are for Ares.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l630.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ποθι","lemma":"ποθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"somewhere"},{"surface":"σχήσεσθε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you will be checked"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἐσσύμενοί","lemma":"σεύω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to σχήσεσθε","gloss":"eager"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"Ἄρηος","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of σχήσεσθε","gloss":"for Ares"}]},{"number":631,"label":"631","id":"b13-l631","source":"Ζεῦ πάτερ ἦ τέ σέ φασι περὶ φρένας ἔμμεναι ἄλλων","translation":"Father Zeus, they say that you surpass all others in wisdom,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l631.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεῦ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"πάτερ","lemma":"πάτηρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεῦ","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σέ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔμμεναι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"φασι","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they say"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"φρένας","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔμμεναι","gloss":"in wisdom"},{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of φασι","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"others"}]},{"number":632,"label":"632","id":"b13-l632","source":"ἀνδρῶν ἠδὲ θεῶν· σέο δʼ ἐκ τάδε πάντα πέλονται·","translation":"both men and gods; from you all these things come to pass.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l632.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"of gods"},{"surface":"σέο","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"from you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"τάδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of πέλονται","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τάδε","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"πέλονται","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"come to pass"}]},{"number":633,"label":"633","id":"b13-l633","source":"οἷον δὴ ἄνδρεσσι χαρίζεαι ὑβριστῇσι","translation":"How then can you grant favor to violent men,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l633.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἷον","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to χαρίζεαι","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄνδρεσσι","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies Τρωσίν","gloss":"to men"},{"surface":"χαρίζεαι","lemma":"χαρίζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do you grant favor"},{"surface":"ὑβριστῇσι","lemma":"ὑβριστής","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄνδρεσσι","gloss":"violent"}]},{"number":634,"label":"634","id":"b13-l634","source":"Τρωσίν, τῶν μένος αἰὲν ἀτάσθαλον, οὐδὲ δύνανται","translation":"the Trojans, whose spirit is always outrageous,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l634.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρωσίν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of χαρίζεαι","gloss":"to Trojans"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"αἰὲν","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"ἀτάσθαλον","lemma":"ἀτάσθαλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"outrageous"},{"surface":"δύνανται","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"can"}]},{"number":635,"label":"635","id":"b13-l635","source":"φυλόπιδος κορέσασθαι ὁμοιΐου πτολέμοιο.","translation":"and who can never have enough of the war that makes all men equal?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l635.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φυλόπιδος","lemma":"φύλοπις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of κορέσασθαι","gloss":"of battle"},{"surface":"κορέσασθαι","lemma":"κορέννυμι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of δύνανται","gloss":"to get enough"},{"surface":"ὁμοιΐου","lemma":"ὁμοίιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πτολέμοιο","gloss":"man-equaling"},{"surface":"πτολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies φυλόπιδος","gloss":"war"}]},{"number":636,"label":"636","id":"b13-l636","source":"πάντων μὲν κόρος ἐστὶ καὶ ὕπνου καὶ φιλότητος","translation":"Of everything there comes satiety, even of sleep and lovemaking","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l636.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κόρος","title":"Satiety","body":"κόρος is having had enough, a fullness that turns to weariness. Menelaus builds his complaint on the idea that even good human pleasures eventually satisfy, whereas the Trojans seem never sated with war."}],"words":[{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"of all things"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κόρος","lemma":"κόρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐστὶ","gloss":"satiety"},{"surface":"ἐστὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ὕπνου","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of sleep"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φιλότητος","lemma":"φιλότης","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of lovemaking"}]},{"number":637,"label":"637","id":"b13-l637","source":"μολπῆς τε γλυκερῆς καὶ ἀμύμονος ὀρχηθμοῖο,","translation":"and sweet song and blameless dancing,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l637.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μολπῆς","lemma":"μολπή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of song"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γλυκερῆς","lemma":"γλυκύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μολπῆς","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμύμονος","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀρχηθμοῖο","gloss":"blameless"},{"surface":"ὀρχηθμοῖο","lemma":"ὀρχηθμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"dancing"}]},{"number":638,"label":"638","id":"b13-l638","source":"τῶν πέρ τις καὶ μᾶλλον ἐέλδεται ἐξ ἔρον εἷναι","translation":"of which a man might sooner desire to have his fill","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l638.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἔρον","gloss":"of these"},{"surface":"πέρ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐέλδεται","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"μᾶλλον","lemma":"μᾶλλον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐέλδεται","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"ἐέλδεται","lemma":"ἔλδομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"might desire"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ἔρον","lemma":"ἔρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἷναι","gloss":"desire"},{"surface":"εἷναι","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἐέλδεται","gloss":"to have"}]},{"number":639,"label":"639","id":"b13-l639","source":"ἢ πολέμου· Τρῶες δὲ μάχης ἀκόρητοι ἔασιν.","translation":"than of war; but the Trojans are insatiate of battle.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l639.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"πολέμου","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"of war"},{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔασιν","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μάχης","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀκόρητοι","gloss":"of battle"},{"surface":"ἀκόρητοι","lemma":"ἀκόρητος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"insatiate"},{"surface":"ἔασιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"}]},{"number":640,"label":"640","id":"b13-l640","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν τὰ μὲν ἔντεʼ ἀπὸ χροὸς αἱματόεντα","translation":"So speaking, he stripped the blood-stained armor from the body","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l640.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter article","role":"modifies ἔντἐ","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔντε","lemma":"ἔντεα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of συλήσας","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"χροὸς","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"the body"},{"surface":"αἱματόεντα","lemma":"αἱματόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔντἐ","gloss":"blood-stained"}]},{"number":641,"label":"641","id":"b13-l641","source":"συλήσας ἑτάροισι δίδου Μενέλαος ἀμύμων,","translation":"and gave it to his companions, Menelaus the blameless,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l641.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"συλήσας","lemma":"συλάω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δίδου","gloss":"stripping"},{"surface":"ἑτάροισι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δίδου","gloss":"to companions"},{"surface":"δίδου","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"Μενέλαος","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"Menelaus"},{"surface":"ἀμύμων","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενέλαος","gloss":"blameless"}]},{"number":642,"label":"642","id":"b13-l642","source":"αὐτὸς δʼ αὖτʼ ἐξ αὖτις ἰὼν προμάχοισιν ἐμίχθη.","translation":"and he himself went back again and mingled with the foremost fighters.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l642.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰὼν","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰὼν","gloss":"back again"},{"surface":"ἰὼν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐμίχθη","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"προμάχοισιν","lemma":"πρόμαχος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐμίχθη","gloss":"with front fighters"},{"surface":"ἐμίχθη","lemma":"μίγνυμι","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"mingled"}]},{"number":643,"label":"643","id":"b13-l643","source":"ἔνθά οἱ υἱὸς ἐπᾶλτο Πυλαιμένεος βασιλῆος","translation":"There the son of King Pylaimenes leapt upon him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l643.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθά","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπᾶλτο","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπᾶλτο","gloss":"upon him"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἁρπαλίων","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἐπᾶλτο","lemma":"ἐφάλλομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"leapt"},{"surface":"Πυλαιμένεος","lemma":"Πυλαιμένης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Pylaimenes"},{"surface":"βασιλῆος","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πυλαιμένεος","gloss":"king"}]},{"number":644,"label":"644","id":"b13-l644","source":"Ἁρπαλίων, ὅ ῥα πατρὶ φίλῳ ἕπετο πτολεμίξων","translation":"Harpalion, who had followed his dear father to Troy to make war,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l644.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἁρπαλίων","lemma":"Ἁρπαλίων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπᾶλτο","gloss":"Harpalion"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πατρὶ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕπετο","gloss":"his father"},{"surface":"φίλῳ","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατρὶ","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἕπετο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"followed"},{"surface":"πτολεμίξων","lemma":"πολεμίζω","morphology":"future active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕπετο","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":645,"label":"645","id":"b13-l645","source":"ἐς τροίην, οὐδʼ αὖτις ἀφίκετο πατρίδα γαῖαν·","translation":"and did not return again to his fatherland.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l645.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"τροίην","lemma":"τροία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐς","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀφίκετο","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ἀφίκετο","lemma":"ἀφικνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"returned"},{"surface":"πατρίδα","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"fatherland"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀφίκετο","gloss":"ground"}]},{"number":646,"label":"646","id":"b13-l646","source":"ὅς ῥα τότʼ Ἀτρεΐδαο μέσον σάκος οὔτασε δουρὶ","translation":"Then he struck the middle of Atreus' son's shield with the spear","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l646.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of οὔτασε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τότ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οὔτασε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδαο","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies σάκος","gloss":"of Atreus son"},{"surface":"μέσον","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σάκος","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"σάκος","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of οὔτασε","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"οὔτασε","lemma":"οὐτάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stabbed"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to οὔτασε","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":647,"label":"647","id":"b13-l647","source":"ἐγγύθεν, οὐδὲ διὰ πρὸ δυνήσατο χαλκὸν ἐλάσσαι","translation":"at close range, but could not drive the bronze all the way through.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l647.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐγγύθεν","lemma":"ἐγγύθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οὔτασε","gloss":"at close range"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"all the way"},{"surface":"πρὸ","lemma":"πρό","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐλάσσαι","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"δυνήσατο","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"χαλκὸν","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐλάσσαι","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ἐλάσσαι","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δυνήσατο","gloss":"to drive"}]},{"number":648,"label":"648","id":"b13-l648","source":"ἂψ δʼ ἑτάρων εἰς ἔθνος ἐχάζετο κῆρʼ ἀλεείνων","translation":"and he shrank back into the throng of his comrades, avoiding death.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l648.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐχάζετο","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑτάρων","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἔθνος","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"ἔθνος","lemma":"ἔθνος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"host"},{"surface":"ἐχάζετο","lemma":"χάζω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shrank back"},{"surface":"κῆρ","lemma":"κήρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀλεείνων","gloss":"doom"},{"surface":"ἀλεείνων","lemma":"ἀλεείνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐχάζετο","gloss":"avoiding"}]},{"number":649,"label":"649","id":"b13-l649","source":"πάντοσε παπταίνων μή τις χρόα χαλκῷ ἐπαύρῃ.","translation":"looking about on every side lest someone touch his flesh with bronze.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l649.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντοσε","lemma":"πάντοσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παπταίνων","gloss":"on every side"},{"surface":"παπταίνων","lemma":"παπταίνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐχάζετο","gloss":"looking about"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπαύρῃ","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"χρόα","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπαύρῃ","gloss":"flesh"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπαύρῃ","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ἐπαύρῃ","lemma":"ἐπαυρέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μή","gloss":"touch"}]},{"number":650,"label":"650","id":"b13-l650","source":"Μηριόνης δʼ ἀπιόντος ἵει χαλκήρεʼ ὀϊστόν,","translation":"But Meriones, as he went away, let fly a bronze-tipped arrow,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l650.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μηριόνης","lemma":"Μηριόνης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καί","gloss":"Meriones"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπιόντος","lemma":"ἄπειμι","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"going away"},{"surface":"ἵει","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let fly"},{"surface":"χαλκήρε","lemma":"χαλκήρης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀϊστόν","gloss":"bronze-tipped"},{"surface":"ὀϊστόν","lemma":"ὀιστός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἵει","gloss":"arrow"}]},{"number":651,"label":"651","id":"b13-l651","source":"καί ῥʼ ἔβαλε γλουτὸν κάτα δεξιόν· αὐτὰρ ὀϊστὸς","translation":"and hit his right buttock; and the arrow","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l651.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔβαλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"γλουτὸν","lemma":"γλουτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κάτα","gloss":"buttock"},{"surface":"κάτα","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"δεξιόν","lemma":"δεξιός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies γλουτὸν","gloss":"on the right"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὀϊστὸς","lemma":"ὀιστός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐξεπέρησεν","gloss":"arrow"}]},{"number":652,"label":"652","id":"b13-l652","source":"ἀντικρὺ κατὰ κύστιν ὑπʼ ὀστέον ἐξεπέρησεν.","translation":"went straight through the bladder below the bone.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l652.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀντικρὺ","lemma":"ἀντικρύ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐξεπέρησεν","gloss":"straight through"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"κύστιν","lemma":"κύστις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"bladder"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"ὀστέον","lemma":"ὀστέον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπ̓","gloss":"bone"},{"surface":"ἐξεπέρησεν","lemma":"ἐκπεράω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went through"}]},{"number":653,"label":"653","id":"b13-l653","source":"ἑζόμενος δὲ κατʼ αὖθι φίλων ἐν χερσὶν ἑταίρων","translation":"Then sitting there in the arms of his dear companions","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l653.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑζόμενος","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κεῖτο","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"αὖθι","lemma":"αὖθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἑζόμενος","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"φίλων","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταίρων","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἑταίρων","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies χερσὶν","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":654,"label":"654","id":"b13-l654","source":"θυμὸν ἀποπνείων, ὥς τε σκώληξ ἐπὶ γαίῃ","translation":"gasping out his life, like a worm upon the ground","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l654.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"σκώληξ","title":"Like a worm","body":"The simile is deliberately abasing. Homer can move from heroic lineage to an image of helpless animal life in a single line, and the drop in scale is part of the shock."}],"words":[{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀποπνείων","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"ἀποπνείων","lemma":"ἀποπνέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κεῖτο","gloss":"gasping out"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σκώληξ","lemma":"σκώληξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"worm"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"γαίῃ","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to 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—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l658.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀχνύμενοι","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"present passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἄγον","gloss":"grieving"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφι","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κίε","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"κίε","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"δάκρυα","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of λείβων","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"λείβων","lemma":"λείβω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κίε","gloss":"shedding"}]},{"number":659,"label":"659","id":"b13-l659","source":"ποινὴ δʼ οὔ τις παιδὸς ἐγίγνετο τεθνηῶτος.","translation":"and there was no recompense at all for his dead son.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l659.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ποινὴ","lemma":"ποινή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐγίγνετο","gloss":"recompense"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies ποινὴ","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"παιδὸς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine 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χολώθη","gloss":"Paris"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to χολώθη","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to χολώθη","gloss":"in heart"},{"surface":"ἀποκταμένοιο","lemma":"ἀποκτείνω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"killing"},{"surface":"χολώθη","lemma":"χολόω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"enraged"}]},{"number":661,"label":"661","id":"b13-l661","source":"ξεῖνος γάρ οἱ ἔην πολέσιν μετὰ Παφλαγόνεσσι·","translation":"for among the many Paphlagonians he had been his guest-friend.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l661.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ξεῖνος","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate 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—×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l662.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of χωόμενος","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of προΐει","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"χωόμενος","lemma":"χώομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προΐει","gloss":"was angered"},{"surface":"προΐει","lemma":"προίημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let fly"},{"surface":"χαλκήρε","lemma":"χαλκήρης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀϊστόν","gloss":"bronze-tipped"},{"surface":"ὀϊστόν","lemma":"ὀιστός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προΐει","gloss":"arrow"}]},{"number":663,"label":"663","id":"b13-l663","source":"ἦν δέ τις Εὐχήνωρ Πολυΐδου μάντιος υἱὸς","translation":"And there was a man, Euchenor, son of Polyidus the seer,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l663.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there was"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies Εὐχήνωρ","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"Εὐχήνωρ","lemma":"Εὐχήνωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦν","gloss":"Euchenor"},{"surface":"Πολυΐδου","lemma":"Πολυίδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"Polyidus"},{"surface":"μάντιος","lemma":"μάντις","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πολυΐδου","gloss":"seer"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Εὐχήνωρ","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":664,"label":"664","id":"b13-l664","source":"ἀφνειός τʼ ἀγαθός τε Κορινθόθι οἰκία ναίων,","translation":"rich and valiant, dwelling in Corinth in his house,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l664.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀφνειός","lemma":"ἀφνειός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγαθός","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"valiant"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Κορινθόθι","lemma":"Κόρινθος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ναίων","gloss":"Corinth"},{"surface":"οἰκία","lemma":"οἰκίον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ναίων","gloss":"his house"},{"surface":"ναίων","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦν","gloss":"dwelling"}]},{"number":665,"label":"665","id":"b13-l665","source":"ὅς ῥʼ εὖ εἰδὼς κῆρʼ ὀλοὴν ἐπὶ νηὸς ἔβαινε·","translation":"who went aboard ship well knowing his deadly fate.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l665.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔβαινε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to 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| —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l666.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλάκι","lemma":"πολλάκις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔειπε","gloss":"many times"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔειπε","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"ἔειπε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"told"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πολύϊδος","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὸς","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πολύϊδος","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"Πολύϊδος","lemma":"Πολύιδος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of 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μετ̓","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"δαμῆναι","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"object of ἢ","gloss":"be subdued"}]},{"number":669,"label":"669","id":"b13-l669","source":"τώ ῥʼ ἅμα τʼ ἀργαλέην θωὴν ἀλέεινεν Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"So he shunned both the grievous levy of the Achaeans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l669.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τώ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀλέεινεν","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀργαλέην","lemma":"ἀργαλέος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies θωὴν","gloss":"grievous"},{"surface":"θωὴν","lemma":"θωή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"levy"},{"surface":"ἀλέεινεν","lemma":"ἀλεείνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shunned"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies θωὴν","gloss":"of Achaeans"}]},{"number":670,"label":"670","id":"b13-l670","source":"νοῦσόν τε στυγερήν, ἵνα μὴ πάθοι ἄλγεα θυμῷ.","translation":"and the hateful sickness, so that he might not suffer pains in his heart.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l670.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νοῦσόν","lemma":"νοῦσος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"sickness"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στυγερήν","lemma":"στυγερός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νοῦσόν","gloss":"hateful"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πάθοι","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"suffer"},{"surface":"ἄλγεα","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πάθοι","gloss":"pains"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πάθοι","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":671,"label":"671","id":"b13-l671","source":"τὸν βάλʼ ὑπὸ γναθμοῖο. καὶ οὔατος· ὦκα δὲ θυμὸς","translation":"Him Paris struck beneath the jaw and under the ear;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l671.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of βάλ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"βάλ","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"γναθμοῖο","lemma":"γναθμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὸ","gloss":"jaw"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and under"},{"surface":"οὔατος","lemma":"οὖς","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"ear"},{"surface":"ὦκα","lemma":"ὦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ᾤχετ̓","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ᾤχετ̓","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":672,"label":"672","id":"b13-l672","source":"ᾤχετʼ ἀπὸ μελέων, στυγερὸς δʼ ἄρα μιν σκότος εἷλεν.","translation":"swiftly the life went from his limbs, and hateful darkness closed around him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l672.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ᾤχετ","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"μελέων","lemma":"μέλος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"limbs"},{"surface":"στυγερὸς","lemma":"στυγερός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies σκότος","gloss":"hateful"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἷλεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"σκότος","lemma":"σκότος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἷλεν","gloss":"darkness"},{"surface":"εἷλεν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"clutched"}]},{"number":673,"label":"673","id":"b13-l673","source":"ὣς οἳ μὲν μάρναντο δέμας πυρὸς αἰθομένοιο·","translation":"So they fought on, like the blaze of burning fire.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l673.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μάρναντο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μάρναντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μάρναντο","lemma":"μάρναμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fought"},{"surface":"δέμας","lemma":"δέμας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to μάρναντο","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"πυρὸς","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies δέμας","gloss":"of fire"},{"surface":"αἰθομένοιο","lemma":"αἴθω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular neuter","role":"modifies πυρὸς","gloss":"burning"}]},{"number":674,"label":"674","id":"b13-l674","source":"Ἕκτωρ δʼ οὐκ ἐπέπυστο Διῒ φίλος, οὐδέ τι ᾔδη","translation":"But Hector, dear to Zeus, had not heard, nor did he know","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l674.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπέπυστο","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐπέπυστο","lemma":"πυνθάνομαι","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"Διῒ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to φίλος","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ᾔδη","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"ᾔδη","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"knew"}]},{"number":675,"label":"675","id":"b13-l675","source":"ὅττί ῥά οἱ νηῶν ἐπʼ ἀριστερὰ δηϊόωντο","translation":"that on the left wing beside the ships his men were being destroyed","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l675.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅττί","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to δηϊόωντο","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀριστερὰ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ἀριστερὰ","lemma":"ἀριστερός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπ̓","gloss":"on the left"},{"surface":"δηϊόωντο","lemma":"δηιόω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of ὅττί","gloss":"were destroyed"}]},{"number":676,"label":"676","id":"b13-l676","source":"λαοὶ ὑπʼ Ἀργείων. τάχα δʼ ἂν καὶ κῦδος Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"by the Argives. Soon indeed the glory of the Achaeans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l676.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λαοὶ","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δηϊόωντο","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"Ἀργείων","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπ̓","gloss":"Argives"},{"surface":"τάχα","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔπλετο","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"κῦδος","lemma":"κῦδος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔπλετο","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies κῦδος","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":677,"label":"677","id":"b13-l677","source":"ἔπλετο· τοῖος γὰρ γαιήοχος ἐννοσίγαιος","translation":"would have come to pass; for so mighty was the earth-holder, the earth-shaker,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l677.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔπλετο","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"come to pass"},{"surface":"τοῖος","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐννοσίγαιος","gloss":"so mighty"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"γαιήοχος","lemma":"γαιήοχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐννοσίγαιος","gloss":"earth-holder"},{"surface":"ἐννοσίγαιος","lemma":"Ἐννοσίγαιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὄτρυν̓","gloss":"earth-shaker"}]},{"number":678,"label":"678","id":"b13-l678","source":"ὄτρυνʼ Ἀργείους, πρὸς δὲ σθένει αὐτὸς ἄμυνεν·","translation":"urging on the Argives and himself warding ruin from them.","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l678.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄτρυν","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was urging"},{"surface":"Ἀργείους","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὄτρυν̓","gloss":"Argives"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σθένει","lemma":"σθένος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἄμυνεν","gloss":"with might"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ἄμυνεν","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"warded off"}]},{"number":679,"label":"679","id":"b13-l679","source":"ἀλλʼ ἔχεν ᾗ τὰ πρῶτα πύλας καὶ τεῖχος ἐσᾶλτο","translation":"But Hector held where first he leapt through the gates and wall,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l679.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔχεν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"ᾗ","lemma":"ᾗ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐσᾶλτο","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter article","role":"modifies πρῶτα","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"πρῶτα","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐσᾶλτο","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"πύλας","lemma":"πύλη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"gates"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τεῖχος","lemma":"τεῖχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"ἐσᾶλτο","lemma":"εἰσάλλομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἔχεν","gloss":"leapt"}]},{"number":680,"label":"680","id":"b13-l680","source":"ῥηξάμενος Δαναῶν πυκινὰς στίχας ἀσπιστάων,","translation":"having broken the dense ranks of the shield-bearing Danaans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l680.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥηξάμενος","lemma":"ῥήγνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐσᾶλτο","gloss":"having broken"},{"surface":"Δαναῶν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀσπιστάων","gloss":"Danaans"},{"surface":"πυκινὰς","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies στίχας","gloss":"close-packed"},{"surface":"στίχας","lemma":"στίξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ῥηξάμενος","gloss":"ranks"},{"surface":"ἀσπιστάων","lemma":"ἀσπιστής","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies στίχας","gloss":"shield-bearing"}]},{"number":681,"label":"681","id":"b13-l681","source":"ἔνθʼ ἔσαν Αἴαντός τε νέες καὶ Πρωτεσιλάου","translation":"where were the ships of Ajax and of Protesilaus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l681.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσαν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἔσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἔχεν","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"Αἴαντός","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"Ajax's"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νέες","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔσαν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πρωτεσιλάου","lemma":"Πρωτεσίλαος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"Protesilaus'"}]},{"number":682,"label":"682","id":"b13-l682","source":"θῖνʼ ἔφʼ ἁλὸς πολιῆς εἰρυμέναι· αὐτὰρ ὕπερθε","translation":"drawn up upon the shore of the gray sea; and above them","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l682.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θῖν","lemma":"θίς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔφ̓","gloss":"upon the shore"},{"surface":"ἔφ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ἁλὸς","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies θῖν̓","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"πολιῆς","lemma":"πολιός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἁλὸς","gloss":"gray"},{"surface":"εἰρυμέναι","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to ἔσαν","gloss":"drawn up"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὕπερθε","lemma":"ὕπερθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐδέδμητο","gloss":"above"}]},{"number":683,"label":"683","id":"b13-l683","source":"τεῖχος ἐδέδμητο χθαμαλώτατον, ἔνθα μάλιστα","translation":"the wall had been built the lowest, where most of all","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l683.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τεῖχος","lemma":"τεῖχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐδέδμητο","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"ἐδέδμητο","lemma":"δέμω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"built"},{"surface":"χθαμαλώτατον","lemma":"χθαμαλός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter superlative adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"the lowest"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γίγνοντο","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"most of all"}]},{"number":684,"label":"684","id":"b13-l684","source":"ζαχρηεῖς γίγνοντο μάχῃ αὐτοί τε καὶ ἵπποι.","translation":"both men and horses were ravenous for battle.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l684.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ζαχρηεῖς","lemma":"ζαχρηής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"ravenous"},{"surface":"γίγνοντο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐδέδμητο","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"μάχῃ","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to γίγνοντο","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"αὐτοί","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":685,"label":"685","id":"b13-l685","source":"ἔνθα δὲ Βοιωτοὶ καὶ Ἰάονες ἑλκεχίτωνες","translation":"There the Boeotians and the Ionians with trailing tunics","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l685.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἑλκεχίτωνες","title":"Trailing-tunicked Ionians","body":"The epithet points to the long linen garments associated with these eastern Greeks. Homer uses clothing as a quick ethnic marker without turning it into a full description."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχον","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Βοιωτοὶ","lemma":"Βοιωτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Boeotians"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἰάονες","lemma":"Ἰάονες","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Ionians"},{"surface":"ἑλκεχίτωνες","lemma":"ἑλκεχίτων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἰάονες","gloss":"trailing-tunic"}]},{"number":686,"label":"686","id":"b13-l686","source":"Λοκροὶ καὶ Φθῖοι καὶ φαιδιμόεντες Ἐπειοὶ","translation":"and the Locrians and Phthians and the bright Epeians","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l686.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Λοκροὶ","lemma":"Λοκροί","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Locrians"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Φθῖοι","lemma":"Φθῖος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Phthians"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φαιδιμόεντες","lemma":"φαιδιμόεις","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἐπειοὶ","gloss":"bright"},{"surface":"Ἐπειοὶ","lemma":"Ἐπειός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Epeians"}]},{"number":687,"label":"687","id":"b13-l687","source":"σπουδῇ ἐπαΐσσοντα νεῶν ἔχον, οὐδὲ δύναντο","translation":"eagerly held him from the ships as he rushed on, but could not","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l687.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σπουδῇ","lemma":"σπουδή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔχον","gloss":"eagerly"},{"surface":"ἐπαΐσσοντα","lemma":"ἐπαίσσω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"rushing on"},{"surface":"νεῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπαΐσσοντα","gloss":"from the ships"},{"surface":"ἔχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held back"},{"surface":"δύναντο","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"could"}]},{"number":688,"label":"688","id":"b13-l688","source":"ὦσαι ἀπὸ σφείων φλογὶ εἴκελον Ἕκτορα δῖον","translation":"drive back from them godlike Hector, like a flame of fire.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l688.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦσαι","lemma":"ὠθέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δύναντο","gloss":"drive back"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"σφείων","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"φλογὶ","lemma":"φλόξ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἴκελον","gloss":"like a flame"},{"surface":"εἴκελον","lemma":"εἴκελος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορα","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορα","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὦσαι","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δῖον","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορα","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":689,"label":"689","id":"b13-l689","source":"οἳ μὲν Ἀθηναίων προλελεγμένοι· ἐν δʼ ἄρα τοῖσιν","translation":"Chosen Athenians were among them in the foremost rank,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l689.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίων","lemma":"Ἀθηναῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies προλελεγμένοι","gloss":"Athenians"},{"surface":"προλελεγμένοι","lemma":"προλέγω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"chosen"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"among them"}]},{"number":690,"label":"690","id":"b13-l690","source":"ἦρχʼ υἱὸς Πετεῶο Μενεσθεύς, οἳ δʼ ἅμʼ ἕποντο","translation":"and the son of Peteos, Menestheus, led them, and with him followed","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l690.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦρχ","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Μενεσθεύς","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Πετεῶο","lemma":"Πετεώς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"Peteos"},{"surface":"Μενεσθεύς","lemma":"Μενεσθεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦρχ̓","gloss":"Menestheus"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἅμ̓","gloss":"with him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ἕποντο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"}]},{"number":691,"label":"691","id":"b13-l691","source":"Φείδας τε Στιχίος τε Βίας τʼ ἐΰς· αὐτὰρ Ἐπειῶν","translation":"Pheidas and Stichius and noble Bias; and of the Epeians","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l691.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Φείδας","lemma":"Φείδας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τ̓","gloss":"Pheidas"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Στιχίος","lemma":"Στιχίος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τ̓","gloss":"Stichius"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Βίας","lemma":"Βίας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τ̓","gloss":"Bias"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐΰς","lemma":"ἐύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Βίας","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἐπειῶν","lemma":"Ἐπειός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object","gloss":"of Epeians"}]},{"number":692,"label":"692","id":"b13-l692","source":"Φυλεΐδης τε Μέγης Ἀμφίων τε Δρακίος τε,","translation":"Meges son of Phyleus and Amphion and Dracius,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l692.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Φυλεΐδης","lemma":"Φυλείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Μέγης","gloss":"Phyleus' son"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μέγης","lemma":"Μέγης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Meges"},{"surface":"Ἀμφίων","lemma":"Ἀμφίων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Amphion"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Δρακίος","lemma":"Δρακίος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Dracius"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":693,"label":"693","id":"b13-l693","source":"πρὸ Φθίων δὲ Μέδων τε μενεπτόλεμός τε Ποδάρκης.","translation":"and before the Phthians Medon and warlike Podarces.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l693.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρὸ","lemma":"πρό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"Φθίων","lemma":"Φθῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to πρὸ","gloss":"Phthians"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μέδων","lemma":"Μέδων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Medon"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μενεπτόλεμός","lemma":"μενεπτόλεμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ποδάρκης","gloss":"warlike"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ποδάρκης","lemma":"Ποδάρκης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Podarces"}]},{"number":694,"label":"694","id":"b13-l694","source":"ἤτοι ὃ μὲν νόθος υἱὸς Ὀϊλῆος θείοιο","translation":"Now Medon was the bastard son of noble Oileus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l694.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies Μέδων","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νόθος","lemma":"νόθος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"bastard"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Ὀϊλῆος","lemma":"Ὀιλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"Oileus"},{"surface":"θείοιο","lemma":"θεῖος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀϊλῆος","gloss":"noble"}]},{"number":695,"label":"695","id":"b13-l695","source":"ἔσκε Μέδων Αἴαντος ἀδελφεός· αὐτὰρ ἔναιεν","translation":"and brother of Ajax; but he dwelt","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l695.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσκε","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main 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—×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l696.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Φυλάκῃ","lemma":"Φυλάκη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"Phylace"},{"surface":"γαίης","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἄπο","gloss":"from the land"},{"surface":"ἄπο","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πατρίδος","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies γαίης","gloss":"fatherland"},{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κατακτὰς","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"κατακτὰς","lemma":"κατακτείνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔναιεν","gloss":"killed"}]},{"number":697,"label":"697","id":"b13-l697","source":"γνωτὸν μητρυιῆς Ἐριώπιδος, ἣν ἔχʼ Ὀϊλεύς·","translation":"a kinsman of his stepmother Eriopis, whom Oileus had as wife;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l697.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γνωτὸν","lemma":"γνωτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄνδρα","gloss":"a kinsman"},{"surface":"μητρυιῆς","lemma":"μητρυιά","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἐριώπιδος","gloss":"stepmother"},{"surface":"Ἐριώπιδος","lemma":"Ἐριῶπις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies γνωτὸν","gloss":"Eriopis"},{"surface":"ἣν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἔχ̓","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ἔχ","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἐριώπιδος","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"Ὀϊλεύς","lemma":"Ὀιλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔχ̓","gloss":"Oileus"}]},{"number":698,"label":"698","id":"b13-l698","source":"αὐτὰρ ὃ Ἰφίκλοιο πάϊς τοῦ Φυλακίδαο.","translation":"and the other was the son of Iphiclus son of Phylacus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l698.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"Ἰφίκλοιο","lemma":"Ἴφικλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"Iphiclus"},{"surface":"πάϊς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine article","role":"modifies Φυλακίδαο","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Φυλακίδαο","lemma":"Φυλακίδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἰφίκλοιο","gloss":"Phylacus' son"}]},{"number":699,"label":"699","id":"b13-l699","source":"οἳ μὲν πρὸ Φθίων μεγαθύμων θωρηχθέντες","translation":"These stood before the great-hearted Phthians in their armor,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l699.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐμάχοντο","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πρὸ","lemma":"πρό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"Φθίων","lemma":"Φθῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πρὸ","gloss":"Phthians"},{"surface":"μεγαθύμων","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Φθίων","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"θωρηχθέντες","lemma":"θωρήσσω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐμάχοντο","gloss":"armored"}]},{"number":700,"label":"700","id":"b13-l700","source":"ναῦφιν ἀμυνόμενοι μετὰ Βοιωτῶν ἐμάχοντο·","translation":"defending the ships with the Boeotians, and fought on.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l700.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ναῦφιν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀμυνόμενοι","gloss":"for the ships"},{"surface":"ἀμυνόμενοι","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐμάχοντο","gloss":"defending"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Βοιωτῶν","lemma":"Βοιωτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"Boeotians"},{"surface":"ἐμάχοντο","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fought"}]},{"number":701,"label":"701","id":"b13-l701","source":"Αἴας δʼ οὐκέτι πάμπαν Ὀϊλῆος ταχὺς υἱὸς","translation":"And never at all did swift Ajax, son of Oileus,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l701.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἵστατ̓","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐκέτι","lemma":"οὐκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵστατ̓","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"πάμπαν","lemma":"πάμπαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵστατ̓","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"Ὀϊλῆος","lemma":"Ὀιλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"Oileus"},{"surface":"ταχὺς","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":702,"label":"702","id":"b13-l702","source":"ἵστατʼ ἀπʼ Αἴαντος Τελαμωνίου οὐδʼ ἠβαιόν,","translation":"stand apart from Ajax, son of Telamon, not even a little,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l702.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵστατ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main 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Their steadiness matters more here than speed or individual brilliance, which fits the heavy defensive fighting at the ships."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τιταίνετον","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"νειῷ","lemma":"νειός","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"fallow field"},{"surface":"βόε","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject of τιταίνετον","gloss":"two oxen"},{"surface":"οἴνοπε","lemma":"οἶνοψ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"modifies βόε","gloss":"wine-dark"},{"surface":"πηκτὸν","lemma":"πηκτός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄροτρον","gloss":"well-jointed"},{"surface":"ἄροτρον","lemma":"ἄροτρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τιταίνετον","gloss":"plow"}]},{"number":704,"label":"704","id":"b13-l704","source":"ἶσον θυμὸν ἔχοντε τιταίνετον· ἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρά σφι","translation":"of one mind strain at the well-jointed plow,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l704.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἶσον","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμὸν","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχοντε","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἔχοντε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to τιταίνετον","gloss":"having"},{"surface":"τιταίνετον","lemma":"τιταίνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"strain"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"σφι","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀνακηκίει","gloss":"for them"}]},{"number":705,"label":"705","id":"b13-l705","source":"πρυμνοῖσιν κεράεσσι πολὺς ἀνακηκίει ἱδρώς·","translation":"and much sweat springs up about the roots of their horns;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l705.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρυμνοῖσιν","lemma":"πρυμνός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κεράεσσι","gloss":"at the roots"},{"surface":"κεράεσσι","lemma":"κέρας","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"horns"},{"surface":"πολὺς","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἱδρώς","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"ἀνακηκίει","lemma":"ἀνακηκίω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"springs up"},{"surface":"ἱδρώς","lemma":"ἱδρώς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνακηκίει","gloss":"sweat"}]},{"number":706,"label":"706","id":"b13-l706","source":"τὼ μέν τε ζυγὸν οἶον ἐΰξοον ἀμφὶς ἐέργει","translation":"and only the polished yoke keeps them apart","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l706.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative dual masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐέργει","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ζυγὸν","lemma":"ζυγόν","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐέργει","gloss":"yoke"},{"surface":"οἶον","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"ἐΰξοον","lemma":"εὔξοος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ζυγὸν","gloss":"polished"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶς","lemma":"ἀμφίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐέργει","gloss":"on both sides"},{"surface":"ἐέργει","lemma":"ἔργω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"keeps apart"}]},{"number":707,"label":"707","id":"b13-l707","source":"ἱεμένω κατὰ ὦλκα· τέμει δέ τε τέλσον ἀρούρης·","translation":"as they labor along the furrow; and it cuts the deep field;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l707.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἱεμένω","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative dual masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as they labor"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"ὦλκα","lemma":"ὤλξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"furrow"},{"surface":"τέμει","lemma":"τέτμον","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cuts"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τέλσον","lemma":"τέλσον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τέμει","gloss":"the deep field"},{"surface":"ἀρούρης","lemma":"ἄρουρα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies τέλσον","gloss":"field"}]},{"number":708,"label":"708","id":"b13-l708","source":"ὣς τὼ παρβεβαῶτε μάλʼ ἕστασαν ἀλλήλοιιν.","translation":"so the two stood very close beside each other.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l708.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕστασαν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕστασαν","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"παρβεβαῶτε","lemma":"παραβαίνω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕστασαν","gloss":"close beside"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παρβεβαῶτε","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ἕστασαν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλοιιν","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"dative dual masculine adjective","role":"object of παρβεβαῶτε","gloss":"one another"}]},{"number":709,"label":"709","id":"b13-l709","source":"ἀλλʼ ἤτοι Τελαμωνιάδῃ πολλοί τε καὶ ἐσθλοὶ","translation":"But many brave companions followed Telamonian Ajax,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l709.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Τελαμωνιάδῃ","lemma":"Τελαμωνιάδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕπονθ̓","gloss":"Telamonian Ajax"},{"surface":"πολλοί","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐσθλοὶ","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"brave"}]},{"number":710,"label":"710","id":"b13-l710","source":"λαοὶ ἕπονθʼ ἕταροι, οἵ οἱ σάκος ἐξεδέχοντο","translation":"comrades who took his shield from him in turn","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l710.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λαοὶ","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"comrades"},{"surface":"ἕπονθ","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"},{"surface":"ἕταροι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐξεδέχοντο","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐξεδέχοντο","gloss":"from him"},{"surface":"σάκος","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξεδέχοντο","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"ἐξεδέχοντο","lemma":"ἐκδέχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἕταροι","gloss":"took in turn"}]},{"number":711,"label":"711","id":"b13-l711","source":"ὁππότε μιν κάματός τε καὶ ἱδρὼς γούναθʼ ἵκοιτο.","translation":"whenever toil and sweat came upon his knees.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l711.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὁππότε","lemma":"ὁπότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵκοιτο","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἵκοιτο","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"κάματός","lemma":"κάματος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"weariness"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱδρὼς","lemma":"ἱδρώς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"sweat"},{"surface":"γούναθ","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἵκοιτο","gloss":"his knees"},{"surface":"ἵκοιτο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐξεδέχοντο","gloss":"reached"}]},{"number":712,"label":"712","id":"b13-l712","source":"οὐδʼ ἄρʼ Ὀϊλιάδῃ μεγαλήτορι Λοκροὶ ἕποντο·","translation":"But the great-hearted Locrians did not follow the son of Oileus;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l712.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ὀϊλιάδῃ","lemma":"Ὀιλιάδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕποντο","gloss":"son of Oileus"},{"surface":"μεγαλήτορι","lemma":"μεγαλήτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀϊλιάδῃ","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"Λοκροὶ","lemma":"Λοκροί","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕποντο","gloss":"Locrians"},{"surface":"ἕποντο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"}]},{"number":713,"label":"713","id":"b13-l713","source":"οὐ γάρ σφι σταδίῃ ὑσμίνῃ μίμνε φίλον κῆρ·","translation":"for their hearts did not abide the close-set fight.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l713.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"σφι","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies κῆρ","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"σταδίῃ","lemma":"στάδιος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὑσμίνῃ","gloss":"close-set"},{"surface":"ὑσμίνῃ","lemma":"ὑσμίνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to μίμνε","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"μίμνε","lemma":"μίμνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"abide"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῆρ","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"κῆρ","lemma":"κῆρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of μίμνε","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":714,"label":"714","id":"b13-l714","source":"οὐ γὰρ ἔχον κόρυθας χαλκήρεας ἱπποδασείας,","translation":"They had no bronze helmets with horsehair crests,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l714.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"κόρυθας","lemma":"κόρυς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχον","gloss":"helmets"},{"surface":"χαλκήρεας","lemma":"χαλκήρης","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies κόρυθας","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ἱπποδασείας","lemma":"ἱπποδάσεια","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies κόρυθας","gloss":"horsehair-crested"}]},{"number":715,"label":"715","id":"b13-l715","source":"οὐδʼ ἔχον ἀσπίδας εὐκύκλους καὶ μείλινα δοῦρα,","translation":"nor did they have round shields and ash spears,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l715.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"ἀσπίδας","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"shields"},{"surface":"εὐκύκλους","lemma":"εὔκυκλος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀσπίδας","gloss":"round"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μείλινα","lemma":"μέλινος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δοῦρα","gloss":"ash"},{"surface":"δοῦρα","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"spears"}]},{"number":716,"label":"716","id":"b13-l716","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄρα τόξοισιν καὶ ἐϋστρεφεῖ οἶος ἀώτῳ","translation":"but with bows and well-twisted sheep's wool for slings","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l716.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐϋστρεφεῖ οἶος ἀώτῳ","title":"Twisted-wool slings","body":"The phrase refers to wool twisted into sling-cords. It suits the Locrians' light missile warfare and sets them apart from the heavily armored fighters in front."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τόξοισιν","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"bows"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐϋστρεφεῖ","lemma":"ἐυστρεφής","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀώτῳ","gloss":"well-twisted"},{"surface":"οἶος","lemma":"ὄις","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀώτῳ","gloss":"sheep's"},{"surface":"ἀώτῳ","lemma":"ἄωτος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"slings"}]},{"number":717,"label":"717","id":"b13-l717","source":"Ἴλιον εἰς ἅμʼ ἕποντο πεποιθότες, οἷσιν ἔπειτα","translation":"they had followed him to Ilios, trusting in those,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l717.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"to Ilios"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕποντο","gloss":"with him"},{"surface":"ἕποντο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"},{"surface":"πεποιθότες","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕποντο","gloss":"trusting"},{"surface":"οἷσιν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative plural neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ῥήγνυντο","gloss":"in those"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ῥήγνυντο","gloss":"then"}]},{"number":718,"label":"718","id":"b13-l718","source":"ταρφέα βάλλοντες Τρώων ῥήγνυντο φάλαγγας·","translation":"and with thick volleys they broke the Trojan ranks.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l718.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ταρφέα","lemma":"ταρφύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to βάλλοντες","gloss":"thick volleys"},{"surface":"βάλλοντες","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ῥήγνυντο","gloss":"hurling"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies φάλαγγας","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ῥήγνυντο","lemma":"ῥήγνυμι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"broke"},{"surface":"φάλαγγας","lemma":"φάλαγξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ῥήγνυντο","gloss":"battalions"}]},{"number":719,"label":"719","id":"b13-l719","source":"δή ῥα τόθʼ οἳ μὲν πρόσθε σὺν ἔντεσι δαιδαλέοισι","translation":"So those in front, with their gleaming armor,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l719.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τόθ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μάρναντο","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πρόσθε","lemma":"πρόσθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μάρναντο","gloss":"in front"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ἔντεσι","lemma":"ἔντεα","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"δαιδαλέοισι","lemma":"δαιδάλεος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔντεσι","gloss":"cunning-wrought"}]},{"number":720,"label":"720","id":"b13-l720","source":"μάρναντο Τρωσίν τε καὶ Ἕκτορι χαλκοκορυστῇ,","translation":"fought the Trojans and bronze-helmed Hector,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l720.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ἕκτορι χαλκοκορυστῇ","title":"Bronze-helmed Hector","body":"This epithet is distinct from Hector of the flashing helm. Homer can attach more than one standing battle image to the same hero, and each phrase keeps its own wording."}],"words":[{"surface":"μάρναντο","lemma":"μάρναμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fought"},{"surface":"Τρωσίν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορι","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"χαλκοκορυστῇ","lemma":"χαλκοκορυστής","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορι","gloss":"bronze-helmed"}]},{"number":721,"label":"721","id":"b13-l721","source":"οἳ δʼ ὄπιθεν βάλλοντες ἐλάνθανον· οὐδέ τι χάρμης","translation":"while those behind, shooting, escaped notice;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l721.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐλάνθανον","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄπιθεν","lemma":"ὄπισθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βάλλοντες","gloss":"from behind"},{"surface":"βάλλοντες","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐλάνθανον","gloss":"shooting"},{"surface":"ἐλάνθανον","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"escaped notice"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to μιμνήσκοντο","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"χάρμης","lemma":"χάρμη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of μιμνήσκοντο","gloss":"battle joy"}]},{"number":722,"label":"722","id":"b13-l722","source":"Τρῶες μιμνήσκοντο· συνεκλόνεον γὰρ ὀϊστοί.","translation":"and the Trojans remembered nothing of battle, for the arrows threw them into confusion.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l722.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of μιμνήσκοντο","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"μιμνήσκοντο","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"remembered"},{"surface":"συνεκλόνεον","lemma":"συγκλονέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"threw into confusion"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ὀϊστοί","lemma":"ὀιστός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of συνεκλόνεον","gloss":"arrows"}]},{"number":723,"label":"723","id":"b13-l723","source":"ἔνθά κε λευγαλέως νηῶν ἄπο καὶ κλισιάων","translation":"Then in miserable plight from the ships and huts","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l723.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθά","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐχώρησαν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"λευγαλέως","lemma":"λευγαλέος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐχώρησαν","gloss":"in misery"},{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἄπο","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κλισιάων","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"huts"}]},{"number":724,"label":"724","id":"b13-l724","source":"Τρῶες ἐχώρησαν προτὶ Ἴλιον ἠνεμόεσσαν,","translation":"the Trojans would have drawn back toward windy Ilios,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l724.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐχώρησαν","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ἐχώρησαν","lemma":"χωρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"withdrawn"},{"surface":"προτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of προτὶ","gloss":"of Ilion"},{"surface":"ἠνεμόεσσαν","lemma":"ἠνεμόεις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἴλιον","gloss":"windy"}]},{"number":725,"label":"725","id":"b13-l725","source":"εἰ μὴ Πουλυδάμας θρασὺν Ἕκτορα εἶπε παραστάς·","translation":"if Polydamas had not stood beside bold Hector and said:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l725.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"Πουλυδάμας","lemma":"Πουλυδάμας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἶπε","gloss":"Polydamas"},{"surface":"θρασὺν","lemma":"θρασύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορα","gloss":"bold"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορα","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of παραστάς","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"εἶπε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"παραστάς","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἶπε","gloss":"standing beside"}]},{"number":726,"label":"726","id":"b13-l726","source":"Ἕκτορ ἀμήχανός ἐσσι παραρρητοῖσι πιθέσθαι.","translation":"\"Hector, you are hard to persuade to yield to counsel.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l726.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"ἀμήχανός","lemma":"ἀμήχανος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"hard to persuade"},{"surface":"ἐσσι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"παραρρητοῖσι","lemma":"παραρρητός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of πιθέσθαι","gloss":"to counsel"},{"surface":"πιθέσθαι","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἐσσι","gloss":"trusting"}]},{"number":727,"label":"727","id":"b13-l727","source":"οὕνεκά τοι περὶ δῶκε θεὸς πολεμήϊα ἔργα","translation":"Because a god has given you deeds of war beyond others,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l727.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὕνεκά","lemma":"οὕνεκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δῶκε","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δῶκε","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δῶκε","gloss":"beyond others"},{"surface":"δῶκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τοὔνεκα","gloss":"they give"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δῶκε","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"πολεμήϊα","lemma":"πολεμήιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"of war"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δῶκε","gloss":"deed"}]},{"number":728,"label":"728","id":"b13-l728","source":"τοὔνεκα καὶ βουλῇ ἐθέλεις περιίδμεναι ἄλλων·","translation":"for that reason you would also excel all men in counsel.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l728.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὔνεκα","lemma":"τοὔνεκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐθέλεις","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βουλῇ","lemma":"βουλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to περιίδμεναι","gloss":"in counsel"},{"surface":"ἐθέλεις","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wish"},{"surface":"περιίδμεναι","lemma":"περίοιδα","morphology":"perfect active infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλεις","gloss":"excel"},{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of περιίδμεναι","gloss":"others"}]},{"number":729,"label":"729","id":"b13-l729","source":"ἀλλʼ οὔ πως ἅμα πάντα δυνήσεαι αὐτὸς ἑλέσθαι.","translation":"But you can never take all things to yourself at once.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l729.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πως","lemma":"πως","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to δυνήσεαι","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δυνήσεαι","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἑλέσθαι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"δυνήσεαι","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be able"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"ἑλέσθαι","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of δυνήσεαι","gloss":"take for yourself"}]},{"number":730,"label":"730","id":"b13-l730","source":"ἄλλῳ μὲν γὰρ ἔδωκε θεὸς πολεμήϊα ἔργα,","translation":"To one man a god gave the works of war,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l730.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλῳ","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἔδωκε","gloss":"to one"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔδωκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔδωκε","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"πολεμήϊα","lemma":"πολεμήιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"warlike"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔδωκε","gloss":"deeds"}]},{"number":731,"label":"731","id":"b13-l731","source":"ἄλλῳ δʼ ὀρχηστύν, ἑτέρῳ κίθαριν καὶ ἀοιδήν,","translation":"to another the dance, to another the lyre and song,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l731.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλῳ","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object","gloss":"to another"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀρχηστύν","lemma":"ὀρχηστύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"dance"},{"surface":"ἑτέρῳ","lemma":"ἕτερος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object","gloss":"to another"},{"surface":"κίθαριν","lemma":"κίθαρις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"lyre"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀοιδήν","lemma":"ἀοιδή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"song"}]},{"number":732,"label":"732","id":"b13-l732","source":"ἄλλῳ δʼ ἐν στήθεσσι τιθεῖ νόον εὐρύοπα Ζεὺς","translation":"and in another's breast wide-thundering Zeus places good understanding,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l732.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"εὐρύοπα Ζεὺς","title":"Wide-thundering Zeus","body":"This epithet ties Zeus to voice and thunder rather than to sight. Even in a speech about human abilities, Homer keeps the sound of the god's authority in the phrase."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλῳ","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to τιθεῖ","gloss":"in another"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσι","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"his breast"},{"surface":"τιθεῖ","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"places"},{"surface":"νόον","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τιθεῖ","gloss":"understanding"},{"surface":"εὐρύοπα","lemma":"εὐρύοπα","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ζεὺς","gloss":"wide-thundering"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τιθεῖ","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":733,"label":"733","id":"b13-l733","source":"ἐσθλόν, τοῦ δέ τε πολλοὶ ἐπαυρίσκοντʼ ἄνθρωποι,","translation":"and many men profit from it,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l733.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐσθλόν","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies νόον","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπαυρίσκοντ̓","gloss":"from it"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πολλοὶ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνθρωποι","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ἐπαυρίσκοντ","lemma":"ἐπαυρέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"profit"},{"surface":"ἄνθρωποι","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπαυρίσκοντ̓","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":734,"label":"734","id":"b13-l734","source":"καί τε πολέας ἐσάωσε, μάλιστα δὲ καὐτὸς ἀνέγνω.","translation":"and it saves many, and he himself knows it best.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l734.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πολέας","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐσάωσε","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ἐσάωσε","lemma":"σώζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"saved"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνέγνω","gloss":"most of all"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ἀνέγνω","lemma":"ἀναγιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"knows"}]},{"number":735,"label":"735","id":"b13-l735","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐγὼν ἐρέω ὥς μοι δοκεῖ εἶναι ἄριστα·","translation":"But I will say what seems to me to be best.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l735.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐρέω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἐρέω","lemma":"ἐρῶ","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δοκεῖ","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δοκεῖ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"δοκεῖ","lemma":"δοκέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἐρέω","gloss":"seems"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of δοκεῖ","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"ἄριστα","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"best"}]},{"number":736,"label":"736","id":"b13-l736","source":"πάντῃ γάρ σε περὶ στέφανος πολέμοιο δέδηε·","translation":"For the crown of war has been kindled all around you.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l736.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντῃ","lemma":"πάντῃ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δέδηε","gloss":"all around"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"στέφανος","lemma":"στέφανος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δέδηε","gloss":"crown"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies στέφανος","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"δέδηε","lemma":"δαίω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"blazes"}]},{"number":737,"label":"737","id":"b13-l737","source":"Τρῶες δὲ μεγάθυμοι ἐπεὶ κατὰ τεῖχος ἔβησαν","translation":"Since the great-hearted Trojans came over the wall,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l737.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔβησαν","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μεγάθυμοι","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρῶες","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"τεῖχος","lemma":"τεῖχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"ἔβησαν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"went"}]},{"number":738,"label":"738","id":"b13-l738","source":"οἳ μὲν ἀφεστᾶσιν σὺν τεύχεσιν, οἳ δὲ μάχονται","translation":"some stand apart in their armor, while others fight","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l738.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀφεστᾶσιν","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀφεστᾶσιν","lemma":"ἀφίστημι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stand apart"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in armor"},{"surface":"τεύχεσιν","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μάχονται","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάχονται","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fight"}]},{"number":739,"label":"739","id":"b13-l739","source":"παυρότεροι πλεόνεσσι κεδασθέντες κατὰ νῆας.","translation":"fewer against more, scattered among the ships.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l739.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παυρότεροι","lemma":"παῦρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine comparative adjective","role":"modifies οἳ","gloss":"fewer"},{"surface":"πλεόνεσσι","lemma":"πλείων","morphology":"dative plural comparative adjective","role":"object of μάχονται","gloss":"against more"},{"surface":"κεδασθέντες","lemma":"κεδάννυμι","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to μάχονται","gloss":"scattered"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"ships"}]},{"number":740,"label":"740","id":"b13-l740","source":"ἀλλʼ ἀναχασσάμενος κάλει ἐνθάδε πάντας ἀρίστους·","translation":"But draw back and call all the best men here.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l740.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀναχασσάμενος","lemma":"ἀναχάζω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κάλει","gloss":"drawing back"},{"surface":"κάλει","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"call"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδε","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of κάλει","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀρίστους","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀρίστους","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of κάλει","gloss":"best"}]},{"number":741,"label":"741","id":"b13-l741","source":"ἔνθεν δʼ ἂν μάλα πᾶσαν ἐπιφρασσαίμεθα βουλὴν","translation":"Then from there we might consider every counsel fully,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l741.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθεν","lemma":"ἔνθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπιφρασσαίμεθα","gloss":"from there"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"fully"},{"surface":"πᾶσαν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies βουλὴν","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐπιφρασσαίμεθα","lemma":"ἐπιφράζω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"consider"},{"surface":"βουλὴν","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"counsel"}]},{"number":742,"label":"742","id":"b13-l742","source":"ἤ κεν ἐνὶ νήεσσι πολυκλήϊσι πέσωμεν","translation":"whether we should fall upon the many-benched ships,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l742.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"νήεσσι","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"πολυκλήϊσι","lemma":"πολυκλήις","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νήεσσι","gloss":"many-benched"},{"surface":"πέσωμεν","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"object of ἦ","gloss":"fall"}]},{"number":743,"label":"743","id":"b13-l743","source":"αἴ κʼ ἐθέλῃσι θεὸς δόμεναι κράτος, ἦ κεν ἔπειτα","translation":"if a god is willing to give us the victory, or afterwards","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l743.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἐθέλῃσι","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"is willing"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐθέλῃσι","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"δόμεναι","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλῃσι","gloss":"to give"},{"surface":"κράτος","lemma":"κράτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δόμεναι","gloss":"victory"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔλθωμεν","gloss":"then"}]},{"number":744,"label":"744","id":"b13-l744","source":"πὰρ νηῶν ἔλθωμεν ἀπήμονες. ἦ γὰρ ἔγωγε","translation":"withdraw unscathed from the ships. For I indeed","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l744.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of πὰρ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἔλθωμεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"object of ἦ","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"ἀπήμονες","lemma":"ἀπήμων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unscathed"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔγωγε","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δείδω","gloss":"I"}]},{"number":745,"label":"745","id":"b13-l745","source":"δείδω μὴ τὸ χθιζὸν ἀποστήσωνται Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"fear that the Achaeans may pay back yesterday's debt,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l745.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δείδω","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I fear"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter article","role":"modifies χρεῖος","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"χθιζὸν","lemma":"χθιζός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies χρεῖος","gloss":"yesterday's"},{"surface":"ἀποστήσωνται","lemma":"ἀφίστημι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of μὴ","gloss":"may pay back"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀποστήσωνται","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":746,"label":"746","id":"b13-l746","source":"χρεῖος, ἐπεὶ παρὰ νηυσὶν ἀνὴρ ἆτος πολέμοιο","translation":"since a man glutted with battle waits beside the ships,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l746.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χρεῖος","lemma":"χρέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀποστήσωνται","gloss":"debt"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μίμνει","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἆτος","lemma":"ἄατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"glutted"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἆτος","gloss":"war"}]},{"number":747,"label":"747","id":"b13-l747","source":"μίμνει, ὃν οὐκέτι πάγχυ μάχης σχήσεσθαι ὀΐω.","translation":"and I do not think he will much longer refrain from war.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l747.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μίμνει","lemma":"μίμνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"waits"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of σχήσεσθαι","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"οὐκέτι","lemma":"οὐκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to σχήσεσθαι","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"πάγχυ","lemma":"πάγχυ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to σχήσεσθαι","gloss":"much longer"},{"surface":"μάχης","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of σχήσεσθαι","gloss":"from battle"},{"surface":"σχήσεσθαι","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ὀΐω","gloss":"refrain"},{"surface":"ὀΐω","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀνὴρ","gloss":"I think"}]},{"number":748,"label":"748","id":"b13-l748","source":"ὣς φάτο Πουλυδάμας, ἅδε δʼ Ἕκτορι μῦθος ἀπήμων,","translation":"So Polydamas spoke, and his harmless counsel pleased Hector,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l748.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μῦθος ἀπήμων","title":"Harmless counsel","body":"The phrase praises counsel that does not bring ruin on one's own side. Here it marks Polydamas's plan as prudent and beneficial, not timid."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"Πουλυδάμας","lemma":"Πουλυδάμας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of φάτο","gloss":"Polydamas"},{"surface":"ἅδε","lemma":"ἁνδάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pleased"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορι","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἅδε","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"μῦθος","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἅδε","gloss":"counsel"},{"surface":"ἀπήμων","lemma":"ἀπήμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μῦθος","gloss":"harmless"}]},{"number":749,"label":"749","id":"b13-l749","source":"αὐτίκα δʼ ἐξ ὀχέων σὺν τεύχεσιν ἆλτο χαμᾶζε","translation":"and at once he leapt to the ground from his chariot in his armor.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l749.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὀχέων","lemma":"ὄχος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"τεύχεσιν","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἆλτο","lemma":"ἅλλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"leapt"},{"surface":"χαμᾶζε","lemma":"χαμᾶζε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἆλτο","gloss":"to the ground"}]},{"number":750,"label":"750","id":"b13-l750","source":"καί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"And speaking to him he addressed him with winged words:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l750.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"φωνήσας","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"winged words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":751,"label":"751","id":"b13-l751","source":"Πουλυδάμα σὺ μὲν αὐτοῦ ἐρύκακε πάντας ἀρίστους,","translation":"\"Polydamas, do you hold all the best men here in this place,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l751.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πουλυδάμα","lemma":"Πουλυδάμας","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Polydamas"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐρύκακε","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐρύκακε","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἐρύκακε","lemma":"ἐρύκω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hold"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀρίστους","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀρίστους","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐρύκακε","gloss":"best"}]},{"number":752,"label":"752","id":"b13-l752","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ κεῖσʼ εἶμι καὶ ἀντιόω πολέμοιο·","translation":"I will go there and meet the battle,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l752.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"κεῖσ","lemma":"ἐκεῖσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of εἶμι","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"εἶμι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will go"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀντιόω","lemma":"ἀντιάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"meet"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀντιόω","gloss":"war"}]},{"number":753,"label":"753","id":"b13-l753","source":"αἶψα δʼ ἐλεύσομαι αὖτις ἐπὴν εὖ τοῖς ἐπιτείλω.","translation":"and I will swiftly come back when I have well given them my commands.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l753.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐλεύσομαι","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐλεύσομαι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐλεύσομαι","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ἐπὴν","lemma":"ἐπήν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπιτείλω","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπιτείλω","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"τοῖς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπιτείλω","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"ἐπιτείλω","lemma":"ἐπιτέλλω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐλεύσομαι","gloss":"command"}]},{"number":754,"label":"754","id":"b13-l754","source":"ἦ ῥα, καὶ ὁρμήθη ὄρεϊ νιφόεντι ἐοικὼς","translation":"So he spoke, and rushed off like a snowy mountain,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l754.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὄρεϊ νιφόεντι ἐοικὼς","title":"Like a snowy mountain","body":"The simile makes Hector vast, cold, and overwhelming at once. Homer can give a moving man the scale of a landscape when he wants the charge to feel elemental."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"so he spoke"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὁρμήθη","lemma":"ὁρμάω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rushed"},{"surface":"ὄρεϊ","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐοικὼς","gloss":"mountain"},{"surface":"νιφόεντι","lemma":"νιφόεις","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὄρεϊ","gloss":"snowy"},{"surface":"ἐοικὼς","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὁρμήθη","gloss":"in likeness"}]},{"number":755,"label":"755","id":"b13-l755","source":"κεκλήγων, διὰ δὲ Τρώων πέτετʼ ἠδʼ ἐπικούρων.","translation":"shouting aloud, and sped through Trojans and allies.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l755.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεκλήγων","lemma":"κλάζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὁρμήθη","gloss":"shouting"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδ̓","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"πέτετ","lemma":"πέτομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sped"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπικούρων","lemma":"ἐπίκουρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδ̓","gloss":"allies"}]},{"number":756,"label":"756","id":"b13-l756","source":"οἳ δʼ ἐς Πανθοΐδην ἀγαπήνορα Πουλυδάμαντα","translation":"And all hurried toward Panthoos' brave son","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l756.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπεσσεύοντ̓","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"Πανθοΐδην","lemma":"Πανθοίδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πουλυδάμαντα","gloss":"Panthoos' son"},{"surface":"ἀγαπήνορα","lemma":"ἀγαπήνωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πουλυδάμαντα","gloss":"brave"},{"surface":"Πουλυδάμαντα","lemma":"Πουλυδάμας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Polydamas"}]},{"number":757,"label":"757","id":"b13-l757","source":"πάντες ἐπεσσεύοντʼ, ἐπεὶ Ἕκτορος ἔκλυον αὐδήν.","translation":"Polydamas, since they heard Hector's voice.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l757.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἳ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐπεσσεύοντ","lemma":"ἐπισεύω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hurried"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔκλυον","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορος","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies αὐδήν","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"ἔκλυον","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεσσεύοντ̓","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"αὐδήν","lemma":"αὐδή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔκλυον","gloss":"voice"}]},{"number":758,"label":"758","id":"b13-l758","source":"αὐτὰρ ὃ Δηΐφοβόν τε βίην θʼ Ἑλένοιο ἄνακτος","translation":"But he kept going through the foremost ranks, seeking","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l758.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φοίτα","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"Δηΐφοβόν","lemma":"Δηίφοβος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Deiphobus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βίην","lemma":"βία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"the strength"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἑλένοιο","lemma":"Ἕλενος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies βίην","gloss":"Helenus"},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἑλένοιο","gloss":"lord"}]},{"number":759,"label":"759","id":"b13-l759","source":"Ἀσιάδην τʼ Ἀδάμαντα καὶ Ἄσιον Ὑρτάκου υἱὸν","translation":"Deiphobus and the strength of lord Helenus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l759.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀσιάδην","lemma":"Ἀσιάδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀδάμαντα","gloss":"Asius' son"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀδάμαντα","lemma":"Ἄδαμας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Adamas"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἄσιον","lemma":"ἄσιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Asius"},{"surface":"Ὑρτάκου","lemma":"Ὕρτακος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"Hyrtacus"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἄσιον","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":760,"label":"760","id":"b13-l760","source":"φοίτα ἀνὰ προμάχους διζήμενος, εἴ που ἐφεύροι.","translation":"and Adamas son of Asius and Asius son of Hyrtacus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l760.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φοίτα","lemma":"φοιτάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kept going"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"προμάχους","lemma":"πρόμαχος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀνὰ","gloss":"foremost ranks"},{"surface":"διζήμενος","lemma":"δίζημαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to φοίτα","gloss":"seeking"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"anywhere"},{"surface":"ἐφεύροι","lemma":"ἐφευρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"find"}]},{"number":761,"label":"761","id":"b13-l761","source":"τοὺς δʼ εὗρʼ οὐκέτι πάμπαν ἀπήμονας οὐδʼ ἀνολέθρους·","translation":"if anywhere he might find them. But he found them no longer","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l761.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of εὗῤ","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὗρ","lemma":"εὑρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"οὐκέτι","lemma":"οὐκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπήμονας","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"πάμπαν","lemma":"πάμπαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπήμονας","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"ἀπήμονας","lemma":"ἀπήμων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unharmed"},{"surface":"ἀνολέθρους","lemma":"ἀνόλεθρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alive"}]},{"number":762,"label":"762","id":"b13-l762","source":"ἀλλʼ οἳ μὲν δὴ νηυσὶν ἔπι πρυμνῇσιν Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"unwounded and alive; instead some of them beside the sterns of the Achaean ships","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l762.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κέατο","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔπι","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"πρυμνῇσιν","lemma":"πρυμνός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶν","gloss":"sterns"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies νηυσὶν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":763,"label":"763","id":"b13-l763","source":"χερσὶν ὑπʼ Ἀργείων κέατο ψυχὰς ὀλέσαντες,","translation":"lay at the hands of the Argives, having lost their lives,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l763.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπ̓","gloss":"at the hands"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"Ἀργείων","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies χερσὶν","gloss":"Argives"},{"surface":"κέατο","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"ψυχὰς","lemma":"ψυχή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὀλέσαντες","gloss":"their lives"},{"surface":"ὀλέσαντες","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κέατο","gloss":"having lost"}]},{"number":764,"label":"764","id":"b13-l764","source":"οἳ δʼ ἐν τείχει ἔσαν βεβλημένοι οὐτάμενοί τε.","translation":"and some were within the wall, struck and wounded.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l764.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔσαν","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"τείχει","lemma":"τεῖχος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"ἔσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"βεβλημένοι","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"οὐτάμενοί","lemma":"οὐτάω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"wounded"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":765,"label":"765","id":"b13-l765","source":"τὸν δὲ τάχʼ εὗρε μάχης ἐπʼ ἀριστερὰ δακρυοέσσης","translation":"But quickly he found on the left of the tearful battle","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l765.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τάχ","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εὗρε","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"εὗρε","lemma":"εὑρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"μάχης","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀριστερὰ","gloss":"of battle"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ἀριστερὰ","lemma":"ἀριστερός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπ̓","gloss":"on the left"},{"surface":"δακρυοέσσης","lemma":"δακρυόεις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μάχης","gloss":"tearful"}]},{"number":766,"label":"766","id":"b13-l766","source":"δῖον Ἀλέξανδρον Ἑλένης πόσιν ἠϋκόμοιο","translation":"godlike Paris, husband of lovely-haired Helen,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l766.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῖον","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀλέξανδρον","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἀλέξανδρον","lemma":"Ἀλέξανδρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Alexander"},{"surface":"Ἑλένης","lemma":"Ἑλένη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies πόσιν","gloss":"Helen"},{"surface":"πόσιν","lemma":"πόσις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀλέξανδρον","gloss":"husband"},{"surface":"ἠϋκόμοιο","lemma":"εὔκομος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἑλένης","gloss":"lovely-haired"}]},{"number":767,"label":"767","id":"b13-l767","source":"θαρσύνονθʼ ἑτάρους καὶ ἐποτρύνοντα μάχεσθαι,","translation":"heartening his companions and urging them to fight,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l767.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θαρσύνονθ","lemma":"θαρσύνω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"heartening"},{"surface":"ἑτάρους","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of θαρσύνονθ̓","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐποτρύνοντα","lemma":"ἐποτρύνω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"urging"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἐποτρύνοντα","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":768,"label":"768","id":"b13-l768","source":"ἀγχοῦ δʼ ἱστάμενος προσέφη αἰσχροῖς ἐπέεσσι·","translation":"and standing close beside him he spoke with words of reproach:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l768.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγχοῦ","lemma":"ἀγχοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἱστάμενος","gloss":"nearby"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱστάμενος","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"αἰσχροῖς","lemma":"αἰσχρός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἐπέεσσι","gloss":"with reproachful"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσι","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"words"}]},{"number":769,"label":"769","id":"b13-l769","source":"Δύσπαρι εἶδος ἄριστε γυναιμανὲς ἠπεροπευτὰ","translation":"\"Evil Paris, best in looks, woman-mad, deceiver,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l769.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Δύσπαρι","title":"Evil Paris","body":"Hector does not use Paris' ordinary name here but a shaped insult built on it. The whole vocative line is formulaically sharp, piling beauty, lust, and deceit into one rebuke."}],"words":[{"surface":"Δύσπαρι","lemma":"Δύσπαρις","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"evil Paris"},{"surface":"εἶδος","lemma":"εἶδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἄριστε","gloss":"in looks"},{"surface":"ἄριστε","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Δύσπαρι","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"γυναιμανὲς","lemma":"γυναιμανής","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Δύσπαρι","gloss":"woman-mad"},{"surface":"ἠπεροπευτὰ","lemma":"ἠπεροπευτής","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Δύσπαρι","gloss":"deceiver"}]},{"number":770,"label":"770","id":"b13-l770","source":"ποῦ τοι Δηΐφοβός τε βίη θʼ Ἑλένοιο ἄνακτος","translation":"where are Deiphobus and the strength of lord Helenus,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l770.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ποῦ","lemma":"ποῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Δηΐφοβός","lemma":"Δηίφοβος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠδ̓","gloss":"Deiphobus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βίη","lemma":"βία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἠδ̓","gloss":"the strength"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἑλένοιο","lemma":"Ἕλενος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies βίη","gloss":"Helenus"},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἑλένοιο","gloss":"lord"}]},{"number":771,"label":"771","id":"b13-l771","source":"Ἀσιάδης τʼ Ἀδάμας ἠδʼ Ἄσιος Ὑρτάκου υἱός;","translation":"and Adamas son of Asius, and Asius son of Hyrtacus?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l771.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀσιάδης","lemma":"Ἀσιάδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀδάμας","gloss":"Asius' son"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀδάμας","lemma":"Ἄδαμας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠδ̓","gloss":"Adamas"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἄσιος","lemma":"Ἄσιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠδ̓","gloss":"Asius"},{"surface":"Ὑρτάκου","lemma":"Ὕρτακος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"Hyrtacus"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἄσιος","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":772,"label":"772","id":"b13-l772","source":"ποῦ δέ τοι Ὀθρυονεύς; νῦν ὤλετο πᾶσα κατʼ ἄκρης","translation":"Where is Othryoneus? Now steep Ilios has utterly perished.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l772.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ποῦ","lemma":"ποῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"Ὀθρυονεύς","lemma":"Ὀθρυονεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Othryoneus"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὤλετο","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ὤλετο","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has perished"},{"surface":"πᾶσα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἴλιος","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from top to bottom"},{"surface":"ἄκρης","lemma":"ἄκρα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατ̓","gloss":"utterly"}]},{"number":773,"label":"773","id":"b13-l773","source":"Ἴλιος αἰπεινή· νῦν τοι σῶς αἰπὺς ὄλεθρος.","translation":"Now indeed sheer destruction stands near you.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l773.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἴλιος","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ὤλετο","gloss":"Ilios"},{"surface":"αἰπεινή","lemma":"αἰπεινός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἴλιος","gloss":"steep"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence 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conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies θυμὸς","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"your heart"},{"surface":"ἀναίτιον","lemma":"ἀναίτιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of αἰτιάασθαι","gloss":"guiltless"},{"surface":"αἰτιάασθαι","lemma":"αἰτιάομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"blame"}]},{"number":776,"label":"776","id":"b13-l776","source":"ἄλλοτε δή ποτε μᾶλλον ἐρωῆσαι πολέμοιο","translation":"some other day I might perhaps hold back from battle more,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l776.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλοτε","lemma":"ἄλλοτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μέλλω","gloss":"some other day"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ποτε","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"μᾶλλον","lemma":"μᾶλλον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μέλλω","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"ἐρωῆσαι","lemma":"ἐρωέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of μέλλω","gloss":"shrink from"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐρωῆσαι","gloss":"war"}]},{"number":777,"label":"777","id":"b13-l777","source":"μέλλω, ἐπεὶ οὐδʼ ἐμὲ πάμπαν ἀνάλκιδα γείνατο μήτηρ·","translation":"since my mother did not bear me utterly without courage.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l777.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μέλλω","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"am 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—— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l778.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὗ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐξ","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"μάχην","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἤγειρας","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"ἤγειρας","lemma":"ἐγείρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"stirred"},{"surface":"ἑταίρων","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies μάχην","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":779,"label":"779","id":"b13-l779","source":"ἐκ τοῦ δʼ ἐνθάδʼ ἐόντες ὁμιλέομεν Δαναοῖσι","translation":"from that hour we have been here, fighting hand to hand","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l779.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from that time"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδ","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐόντες","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἐόντες","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ὁμιλέομεν","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"ὁμιλέομεν","lemma":"ὁμιλέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fight hand to hand"},{"surface":"Δαναοῖσι","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὁμιλέομεν","gloss":"against Danaans"}]},{"number":780,"label":"780","id":"b13-l780","source":"νωλεμέως· ἕταροι δὲ κατέκταθεν οὓς σὺ μεταλλᾷς.","translation":"without ceasing against the Danaans; but the companions you ask after have been killed.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l780.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νωλεμέως","lemma":"νωλεμές","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὁμιλέομεν","gloss":"without ceasing"},{"surface":"ἕταροι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of κατέκταθεν","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κατέκταθεν","lemma":"κατακτείνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main 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θ̓","gloss":"Deiphobus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βίη","lemma":"βία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of θ̓","gloss":"the strength"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἑλένοιο","lemma":"Ἕλενος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies βίη","gloss":"Helenus"},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἑλένοιο","gloss":"their lord"}]},{"number":782,"label":"782","id":"b13-l782","source":"οἴχεσθον, μακρῇσι τετυμμένω ἐγχείῃσιν","translation":"are gone away, both wounded in the hand","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l782.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴχεσθον","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main 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—×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l784.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄρχ̓","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄρχ","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lead"},{"surface":"ὅππῃ","lemma":"ὅπη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κελεύει","gloss":"wherever"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κελεύει","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"κραδίη","lemma":"καρδία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"θυμός","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κελεύει","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἄρχ̓","gloss":"bids"}]},{"number":785,"label":"785","id":"b13-l785","source":"ἡμεῖς δʼ ἐμμεμαῶτες ἅμʼ ἑψόμεθʼ, οὐδέ τί φημι","translation":"and we, eager as we are, will follow with you.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l785.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμεῖς","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἑψόμεθ̓","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐμμεμαῶτες","lemma":"ἐμμεμαώς","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἑψόμεθ̓","gloss":"eager"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἑψόμεθ̓","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ἑψόμεθ","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"future middle 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πὰρ","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἔστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it is possible"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἐσσύμενον","lemma":"σεύω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πολεμίζειν","gloss":"rushing on"},{"surface":"πολεμίζειν","lemma":"πολεμίζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject of ἔστι","gloss":"fight"}]},{"number":788,"label":"788","id":"b13-l788","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν παρέπεισεν ἀδελφειοῦ φρένας ἥρως·","translation":"So speaking, the hero swayed his brother's mind","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l788.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to παρέπεισεν","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"παρέπεισεν","lemma":"παραπείθω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"swayed"},{"surface":"ἀδελφειοῦ","lemma":"ἀδελφός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies φρένας","gloss":"his brother's"},{"surface":"φρένας","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of παρέπεισεν","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"ἥρως","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of παρέπεισεν","gloss":"hero"}]},{"number":789,"label":"789","id":"b13-l789","source":"βὰν δʼ ἴμεν ἔνθα μάλιστα μάχη καὶ φύλοπις ἦεν","translation":"And they went where the battle and fighting were fiercest,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l789.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βὰν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴμεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to βὰν","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦεν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦεν","gloss":"most of all"},{"surface":"μάχη","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φύλοπις","lemma":"φύλοπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"fighting"},{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἴμεν","gloss":"was"}]},{"number":790,"label":"790","id":"b13-l790","source":"ἀμφί τε Κεβριόνην καὶ ἀμύμονα Πουλυδάμαντα","translation":"about Cebriones and blameless Polydamas","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l790.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφί","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Κεβριόνην","lemma":"Κεβριόνης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to θ̓","gloss":"Cebriones"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμύμονα","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πουλυδάμαντα","gloss":"blameless"},{"surface":"Πουλυδάμαντα","lemma":"Πουλυδάμας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to θ̓","gloss":"Polydamas"}]},{"number":791,"label":"791","id":"b13-l791","source":"Φάλκην Ὀρθαῖόν τε καὶ ἀντίθεον Πολυφήτην","translation":"Phalces and Orthaeus and godlike Polyphetes,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l791.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Φάλκην","lemma":"Φάλκης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to θ̓","gloss":"Phalces"},{"surface":"Ὀρθαῖόν","lemma":"Ὀρθαῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to θ̓","gloss":"Orthaeus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀντίθεον","lemma":"ἀντίθεος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πολυφήτην","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Πολυφήτην","lemma":"Πολυφήτης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to θ̓","gloss":"Polyphetes"}]},{"number":792,"label":"792","id":"b13-l792","source":"Πάλμύν τʼ Ἀσκάνιόν τε Μόρυν θʼ υἷʼ Ἱπποτίωνος,","translation":"and Palmys and Ascanius and Morys son of Hippotion,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l792.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πάλμύν","lemma":"Πάλμυς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to θ̓","gloss":"Palmys"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀσκάνιόν","lemma":"Ἀσκάνιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to θ̓","gloss":"Ascanius"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μόρυν","lemma":"Μόρυς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to θ̓","gloss":"Morys"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"υἷ","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Μόρυν","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Ἱπποτίωνος","lemma":"Ἱπποτίων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἷ̓","gloss":"Hippotion"}]},{"number":793,"label":"793","id":"b13-l793","source":"οἵ ῥʼ ἐξ Ἀσκανίης ἐριβώλακος ἦλθον ἀμοιβοὶ","translation":"who had come from deep-soiled Ascania as relief men","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l793.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦλθον","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Ἀσκανίης","lemma":"Ἀσκανίη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"Ascania"},{"surface":"ἐριβώλακος","lemma":"ἐριβῶλαξ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀσκανίης","gloss":"deep-soiled"},{"surface":"ἦλθον","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing θ̓","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"ἀμοιβοὶ","lemma":"ἀμοιβός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as relief men"}]},{"number":794,"label":"794","id":"b13-l794","source":"ἠοῖ τῇ προτέρῃ· τότε δὲ Ζεὺς ὦρσε μάχεσθαι.","translation":"on the day before; but now Zeus urged them to fight.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l794.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠοῖ","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἦλθον","gloss":"the day before"},{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular feminine article","role":"modifies προτέρῃ","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"προτέρῃ","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἠοῖ","gloss":"previous"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὦρσε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὦρσε","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ὦρσε","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stirred"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ὦρσε","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":795,"label":"795","id":"b13-l795","source":"οἳ δʼ ἴσαν ἀργαλέων ἀνέμων ἀτάλαντοι ἀέλλῃ,","translation":"They went like the blasts of grievous winds,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l795.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀνέμων ἀτάλαντοι ἀέλλῃ","title":"Like storm-blasts","body":"The simile that follows compares the Trojan advance to gusts driven before a thunderstorm. Rank after rank becomes a weather front rolling in under Zeus's own sky."}],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἴσαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴσαν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"ἀργαλέων","lemma":"ἀργαλέος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνέμων","gloss":"grievous"},{"surface":"ἀνέμων","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀέλλῃ","gloss":"winds"},{"surface":"ἀτάλαντοι","lemma":"ἀτάλαντος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"equal"},{"surface":"ἀέλλῃ","lemma":"ἄελλα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀτάλαντοι","gloss":"blasts"}]},{"number":796,"label":"796","id":"b13-l796","source":"ἥ ῥά θʼ ὑπὸ βροντῆς πατρὸς Διὸς εἶσι πέδον δέ,","translation":"which go over the earth beneath the thunder of father Zeus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l796.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of εἶσι","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"βροντῆς","lemma":"βροντή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὸ","gloss":"thunder"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies βροντῆς","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"εἶσι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing αὐτὰρ","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"πέδον","lemma":"πέδον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἶσι","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":797,"label":"797","id":"b13-l797","source":"θεσπεσίῳ δʼ ὁμάδῳ ἁλὶ μίσγεται, ἐν δέ τε πολλὰ","translation":"and with wondrous roar mingle with the sea, and in it many","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l797.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θεσπεσίῳ","lemma":"θεσπέσιος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὁμάδῳ","gloss":"wondrous"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὁμάδῳ","lemma":"ὅμαδος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μίσγεται","gloss":"roar"},{"surface":"ἁλὶ","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of μίσγεται","gloss":"with the sea"},{"surface":"μίσγεται","lemma":"μίγνυμι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing αὐτὰρ","gloss":"mingles"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"adverbial","gloss":"and in it"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κύματα","gloss":"many"}]},{"number":798,"label":"798","id":"b13-l798","source":"κύματα παφλάζοντα πολυφλοίσβοιο θαλάσσης","translation":"waves of the loud-roaring sea crash and splash,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l798.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κύματα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"waves"},{"surface":"παφλάζοντα","lemma":"παφλάζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifies κύματα","gloss":"splashing"},{"surface":"πολυφλοίσβοιο","lemma":"πολύφλοισβος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies θαλάσσης","gloss":"loud-roaring"},{"surface":"θαλάσσης","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies κύματα","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":799,"label":"799","id":"b13-l799","source":"κυρτὰ φαληριόωντα, πρὸ μέν τʼ ἄλλʼ, αὐτὰρ ἐπʼ ἄλλα·","translation":"arched and white-crested, one before another and another after.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l799.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κυρτὰ","lemma":"κυρτός","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κύματα","gloss":"arched"},{"surface":"φαληριόωντα","lemma":"φαληριάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifies κύματα","gloss":"white-crested"},{"surface":"πρὸ","lemma":"πρό","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλ","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ἄλλα","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"another"}]},{"number":800,"label":"800","id":"b13-l800","source":"ὣς Τρῶες πρὸ μὲν ἄλλοι ἀρηρότες, αὐτὰρ ἐπʼ ἄλλοι,","translation":"So the Trojans, rank on rank, some before and others after,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l800.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕποντο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕποντο","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"πρὸ","lemma":"πρό","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"rank on rank"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"ἀρηρότες","lemma":"ἀραρίσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕποντο","gloss":"arrayed"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"others"}]},{"number":801,"label":"801","id":"b13-l801","source":"χαλκῷ μαρμαίροντες ἅμʼ ἡγεμόνεσσιν ἕποντο.","translation":"gleaming in bronze, followed with their leaders.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l801.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μαρμαίροντες","gloss":"in bronze"},{"surface":"μαρμαίροντες","lemma":"μαρμαίρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕποντο","gloss":"gleaming"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕποντο","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ἡγεμόνεσσιν","lemma":"ἡγεμών","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἕποντο","gloss":"their leaders"},{"surface":"ἕποντο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"}]},{"number":802,"label":"802","id":"b13-l802","source":"Ἕκτωρ δʼ ἡγεῖτο βροτολοιγῷ ἶσος Ἄρηϊ","translation":"Hector son of Priam led them, like man-slaying Ares,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l802.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"βροτολοιγῷ ἶσος Ἄρηϊ","title":"Like man-slaying Ares","body":"When Hector enters the simile's wake, Homer measures him against Ares as a destroyer of mortals. The comparison is not moral praise so much as raw battlefield force."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἡγεῖτο","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἡγεῖτο","lemma":"ἡγέομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"βροτολοιγῷ","lemma":"βροτολοιγός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρηϊ","gloss":"man-slaying"},{"surface":"ἶσος","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"equal"},{"surface":"Ἄρηϊ","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἶσος","gloss":"Ares"}]},{"number":803,"label":"803","id":"b13-l803","source":"Πριαμίδης· πρόσθεν δʼ ἔχεν ἀσπίδα πάντοσʼ ἐΐσην","translation":"and before him he held his shield, equal every way,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l803.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πριαμίδης","lemma":"Πριαμίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"Priam's son"},{"surface":"πρόσθεν","lemma":"πρόσθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχεν","gloss":"before him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔχεν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"ἀσπίδα","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχεν","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"πάντοσ","lemma":"πάντοσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐΐσην","gloss":"in every way"},{"surface":"ἐΐσην","lemma":"ἔισος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀσπίδα","gloss":"equal"}]},{"number":804,"label":"804","id":"b13-l804","source":"ῥινοῖσιν πυκινήν, πολλὸς δʼ ἐπελήλατο χαλκός·","translation":"thick with hides, and much bronze had been driven upon it;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l804.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥινοῖσιν","lemma":"ῥινόν","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to πυκινήν","gloss":"with hides"},{"surface":"πυκινήν","lemma":"πυκινός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀσπίδα","gloss":"thick"},{"surface":"πολλὸς","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκός","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπελήλατο","lemma":"ἐπελαύνω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had been driven"},{"surface":"χαλκός","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπελήλατο","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":805,"label":"805","id":"b13-l805","source":"ἀμφὶ δέ οἱ κροτάφοισι φαεινὴ σείετο πήληξ.","translation":"and about his temples his shining helmet shook.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l805.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies κροτάφοισι","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"κροτάφοισι","lemma":"κρόταφος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"his temples"},{"surface":"φαεινὴ","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πήληξ","gloss":"shining"},{"surface":"σείετο","lemma":"σείω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shook"},{"surface":"πήληξ","lemma":"πήληξ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of σείετο","gloss":"helmet"}]},{"number":806,"label":"806","id":"b13-l806","source":"πάντῃ δʼ ἀμφὶ φάλαγγας ἐπειρᾶτο προποδίζων,","translation":"He tried the ranks all along, stepping in front,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l806.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντῃ","lemma":"πάντῃ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπειρᾶτο","gloss":"everywhere"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπειρᾶτο","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"φάλαγγας","lemma":"φάλαγξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπειρᾶτο","gloss":"battalions"},{"surface":"ἐπειρᾶτο","lemma":"πειράω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tried"},{"surface":"προποδίζων","lemma":"προποδίζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπειρᾶτο","gloss":"stepping ahead"}]},{"number":807,"label":"807","id":"b13-l807","source":"εἴ πώς οἱ εἴξειαν ὑπασπίδια προβιβῶντι·","translation":"to see if they would yield as he drove on beneath his shield;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l807.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"πώς","lemma":"πως","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to εἴξειαν","gloss":"if somehow"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἴξειαν","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"εἴξειαν","lemma":"εἴκω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"would yield"},{"surface":"ὑπασπίδια","lemma":"ὑπασπίδιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to προβιβῶντι","gloss":"beneath his shield"},{"surface":"προβιβῶντι","lemma":"προβιβάζω","morphology":"future active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as he drove on"}]},{"number":808,"label":"808","id":"b13-l808","source":"ἀλλʼ οὐ σύγχει θυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν Ἀχαιῶν.","translation":"but he did not confound the spirit in the breasts of the Achaeans.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l808.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"σύγχει","lemma":"συγχέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"confounded"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of σύγχει","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσιν","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐνὶ","gloss":"breasts"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies στήθεσσιν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":809,"label":"809","id":"b13-l809","source":"Αἴας δὲ πρῶτος προκαλέσσατο μακρὰ βιβάσθων·","translation":"Ajax was first to challenge him, striding far ahead:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l809.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προκαλέσσατο","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πρῶτος","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"προκαλέσσατο","lemma":"προκαλέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"challenged"},{"surface":"μακρὰ","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to βιβάσθων","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"βιβάσθων","lemma":"βιβάσθω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προκαλέσσατο","gloss":"striding"}]},{"number":810,"label":"810","id":"b13-l810","source":"δαιμόνιε σχεδὸν ἐλθέ· τί ἢ δειδίσσεαι αὔτως","translation":"\"Strange man, come near. Why do you vainly try to frighten","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l810.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δαιμόνιε","lemma":"δαιμόνιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"strange man"},{"surface":"σχεδὸν","lemma":"σχεδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐλθέ","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἐλθέ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τίς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to δειδίσσεαι","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δειδίσσεαι","lemma":"δειδίσσομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"try to frighten"},{"surface":"αὔτως","lemma":"αὔτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δειδίσσεαι","gloss":"thus"}]},{"number":811,"label":"811","id":"b13-l811","source":"Ἀργείους; οὔ τοί τι μάχης ἀδαήμονές εἰμεν,","translation":"the Argives? We are not ignorant of battle,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l811.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργείους","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δειδίσσεαι","gloss":"Argives"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τοί","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἰμεν","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"μάχης","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀδαήμονές","gloss":"of battle"},{"surface":"ἀδαήμονές","lemma":"ἀδαήμων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"ignorant"},{"surface":"εἰμεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"}]},{"number":812,"label":"812","id":"b13-l812","source":"ἀλλὰ Διὸς μάστιγι κακῇ ἐδάμημεν Ἀχαιοί.","translation":"though the Achaeans have been broken by the evil scourge of Zeus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l812.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μάστιγι","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"μάστιγι","lemma":"μάστιξ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐδάμημεν","gloss":"by the scourge"},{"surface":"κακῇ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μάστιγι","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"ἐδάμημεν","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were broken"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐδάμημεν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":813,"label":"813","id":"b13-l813","source":"ἦ θήν πού τοι θυμὸς ἐέλπεται ἐξαλαπάξειν","translation":"No doubt your heart hopes to sack our ships;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l813.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"no doubt"},{"surface":"θήν","lemma":"θήν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πού","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies θυμὸς","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐέλπεται","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐέλπεται","lemma":"ἔλπω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hopes"},{"surface":"ἐξαλαπάξειν","lemma":"ἐξαλαπάζω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ἐέλπεται","gloss":"to sack"}]},{"number":814,"label":"814","id":"b13-l814","source":"νῆας· ἄφαρ δέ τε χεῖρες ἀμύνειν εἰσὶ καὶ ἡμῖν.","translation":"but hands belong to us as well, to defend them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l814.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξαλαπάξειν","gloss":"our ships"},{"surface":"ἄφαρ","lemma":"ἄφαρ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χεῖρες","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of εἰσὶ","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἀμύνειν","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to εἰσὶ","gloss":"to defend"},{"surface":"εἰσὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἡμῖν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἰσὶ","gloss":"us"}]},{"number":815,"label":"815","id":"b13-l815","source":"ἦ κε πολὺ φθαίη εὖ ναιομένη πόλις ὑμὴ","translation":"your own fair-settled city would much sooner be","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l815.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to φθαίη","gloss":"much sooner"},{"surface":"φθαίη","lemma":"φθάνω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would fall"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ναιομένη","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"ναιομένη","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifies πόλις","gloss":"fair-settled"},{"surface":"πόλις","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of φθαίη","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"ὑμὴ","lemma":"ὑμός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πόλις","gloss":"your"}]},{"number":816,"label":"816","id":"b13-l816","source":"χερσὶν ὑφʼ ἡμετέρῃσιν ἁλοῦσά τε περθομένη τε.","translation":"taken and sacked beneath our hands.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l816.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὑφ̓","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ὑφ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"ἡμετέρῃσιν","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χερσὶν","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"ἁλοῦσά","lemma":"ἁλίσκομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"object of τε","gloss":"taken"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"περθομένη","lemma":"πέρθω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"object of τε","gloss":"sacked"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":817,"label":"817","id":"b13-l817","source":"σοὶ δʼ αὐτῷ φημὶ σχεδὸν ἔμμεναι ὁππότε φεύγων","translation":"And for you yourself, I say the time is near when as you flee","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l817.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔμμεναι","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"φημὶ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I say"},{"surface":"σχεδὸν","lemma":"σχεδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"is near"},{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of φημὶ","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"ὁππότε","lemma":"ὁπότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀρήσῃ","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"φεύγων","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀρήσῃ","gloss":"fleeing"}]},{"number":818,"label":"818","id":"b13-l818","source":"ἀρήσῃ Διὶ πατρὶ καὶ ἄλλοις ἀθανάτοισι","translation":"you will pray to father Zeus and the other immortals","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l818.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀρήσῃ","lemma":"ἀράομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"subject of ἔμμεναι","gloss":"you will pray"},{"surface":"Διὶ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"πατρὶ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Διὶ","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλοις","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀθανάτοισι","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"immortals"}]},{"number":819,"label":"819","id":"b13-l819","source":"θάσσονας ἰρήκων ἔμεναι καλλίτριχας ἵππους,","translation":"that your horses, swift as hawks, may be swifter still,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l819.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θάσσονας","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"swifter"},{"surface":"ἰρήκων","lemma":"ἱέραξ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to θάσσονας","gloss":"than hawks"},{"surface":"ἔμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἀρήσῃ","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"καλλίτριχας","lemma":"καλλίθριξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"fair-maned"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔμεναι","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":820,"label":"820","id":"b13-l820","source":"οἵ σε πόλιν δʼ οἴσουσι κονίοντες πεδίοιο.","translation":"as they raise dust over the plain and carry you to the city.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l820.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of οἴσουσι","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of οἴσουσι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of οἴσουσι","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἴσουσι","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἵππους","gloss":"carry"},{"surface":"κονίοντες","lemma":"κονέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to οἴσουσι","gloss":"raising dust"},{"surface":"πεδίοιο","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κονίοντες","gloss":"over the plain"}]},{"number":821,"label":"821","id":"b13-l821","source":"ὣς ἄρα οἱ εἰπόντι ἐπέπτατο δεξιὸς ὄρνις","translation":"So he spoke, and upon his right a bird flew out,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l821.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπόντι","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπέπτατο","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"εἰπόντι","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"modifies οἱ","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"ἐπέπτατο","lemma":"ἐπιπέτομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flew out"},{"surface":"δεξιὸς","lemma":"δεξιός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"on his right"},{"surface":"ὄρνις","lemma":"ὄρνις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"bird"}]},{"number":822,"label":"822","id":"b13-l822","source":"αἰετὸς ὑψιπέτης· ἐπὶ δʼ ἴαχε λαὸς Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"a high-flying eagle; and the host of the Achaeans cried out,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l822.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰετὸς","lemma":"ἀετός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"eagle"},{"surface":"ὑψιπέτης","lemma":"ὑψιπέτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies αἰετὸς","gloss":"high-flying"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴαχε","lemma":"ἰάχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cried out"},{"surface":"λαὸς","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἴαχε","gloss":"host"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies λαὸς","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":823,"label":"823","id":"b13-l823","source":"θάρσυνος οἰωνῷ· ὃ δʼ ἀμείβετο φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ·","translation":"heartened by the omen; and shining Hector answered him:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l823.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θάρσυνος","lemma":"θάρσυνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to λαὸς","gloss":"heartened"},{"surface":"οἰωνῷ","lemma":"οἰωνός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to θάρσυνος","gloss":"by the omen"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμείβετο","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"φαίδιμος","lemma":"φαίδιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"splendid"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀμείβετο","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":824,"label":"824","id":"b13-l824","source":"Αἶαν ἁμαρτοεπὲς βουγάϊε ποῖον ἔειπες·","translation":"\"Ajax, loud-boaster, babbler, what word was this you spoke?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l824.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"βουγάϊε","title":"Ox-face","body":"βουγάϊε is a coarse insult, suggesting thick-headed rustic heaviness. Hector stacks it beside another charge, ἁμαρτοεπές, to dismiss Ajax's speech as both stupid and false."}],"words":[{"surface":"Αἶαν","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"ἁμαρτοεπὲς","lemma":"ἁμαρτοεπής","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἶαν","gloss":"babbling"},{"surface":"βουγάϊε","lemma":"βουγάιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Αἶαν","gloss":"loud boaster"},{"surface":"ποῖον","lemma":"ποῖος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔειπες","gloss":"what word"},{"surface":"ἔειπες","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":825,"label":"825","id":"b13-l825","source":"εἰ γὰρ ἐγὼν οὕτω γε Διὸς πάϊς αἰγιόχοιο","translation":"If only indeed I were so surely all my days","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l825.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"if only"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴην","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"οὕτω","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"so surely"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"πάϊς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"αἰγιόχοιο","lemma":"αἰγίοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"aegis-bearing"}]},{"number":826,"label":"826","id":"b13-l826","source":"εἴην ἤματα πάντα, τέκοι δέ με πότνια Ἥρη,","translation":"son of aegis-bearing Zeus, and queenly Hera had borne me,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l826.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"ἤματα","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to εἴην","gloss":"all my days"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἤματα","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"τέκοι","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had borne"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τέκοι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"πότνια","lemma":"πότνια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"queenly"},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τέκοι","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":827,"label":"827","id":"b13-l827","source":"τιοίμην δʼ ὡς τίετʼ Ἀθηναίη καὶ Ἀπόλλων,","translation":"and honored as Athena and Apollo are honored,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l827.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τιοίμην","lemma":"τίω","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"be honored"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τίετ̓","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"τίετ","lemma":"τίω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τιοίμην","gloss":"are honored"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Athena"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":828,"label":"828","id":"b13-l828","source":"ὡς νῦν ἡμέρη ἥδε κακὸν φέρει Ἀργείοισι","translation":"as surely as this day brings evil upon all the Argives,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l828.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"as surely as"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φέρει","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἡμέρη","lemma":"ἡμέρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of φέρει","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"ἥδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies ἡμέρη","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of φέρει","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"φέρει","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"brings"},{"surface":"Ἀργείοισι","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of φέρει","gloss":"Argives"}]},{"number":829,"label":"829","id":"b13-l829","source":"πᾶσι μάλʼ, ἐν δὲ σὺ τοῖσι πεφήσεαι, αἴ κε ταλάσσῃς","translation":"and among them you shall be slain, if you dare","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l829.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πᾶσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀργείοισι","gloss":"for all"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πᾶσι","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πεφήσεαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"πεφήσεαι","lemma":"θείνω","morphology":"future perfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"shall be slain"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ταλάσσῃς","lemma":"τλάω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"dare"}]},{"number":830,"label":"830","id":"b13-l830","source":"μεῖναι ἐμὸν δόρυ μακρόν, ὅ τοι χρόα λειριόεντα","translation":"to await my long spear, which will tear your lily-white flesh.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l830.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"χρόα λειριόεντα","title":"Lily-white flesh","body":"The phrase is a brightness image, not a softening one. Hector is threatening to rip open the visible fairness of Ajax's skin with the spear-point."}],"words":[{"surface":"μεῖναι","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ταλάσσῃς","gloss":"await"},{"surface":"ἐμὸν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δόρυ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"δόρυ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of μεῖναι","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"μακρόν","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δόρυ","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of δάψει","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to δάψει","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"χρόα","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δάψει","gloss":"flesh"},{"surface":"λειριόεντα","lemma":"λειριόεις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χρόα","gloss":"lily-white"}]},{"number":831,"label":"831","id":"b13-l831","source":"δάψει· ἀτὰρ Τρώων κορέεις κύνας ἠδʼ οἰωνοὺς","translation":"Then you will glut the dogs and birds of Troy","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l831.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δάψει","lemma":"δάπτω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δόρυ","gloss":"will tear"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies κύνας","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"κορέεις","lemma":"κορέννυμι","morphology":"future active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"glut"},{"surface":"κύνας","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδ̓","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἰωνοὺς","lemma":"οἰωνός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδ̓","gloss":"birds"}]},{"number":832,"label":"832","id":"b13-l832","source":"δημῷ καὶ σάρκεσσι πεσὼν ἐπὶ νηυσὶν Ἀχαιῶν.","translation":"with fat and flesh, once you have fallen beside the ships of the Achaeans.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l832.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δημῷ","lemma":"δημός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"with fat"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σάρκεσσι","lemma":"σάρξ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"flesh"},{"surface":"πεσὼν","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κορέεις","gloss":"once fallen"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":833,"label":"833","id":"b13-l833","source":"ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας ἡγήσατο· τοὶ δʼ ἅμʼ ἕποντο","translation":"So he spoke and led the way, and they followed with him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l833.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φωνήσας","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"φωνήσας","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἡγήσατο","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"ἡγήσατο","lemma":"ἡγέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led the way"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕποντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕποντο","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ἕποντο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"}]},{"number":834,"label":"834","id":"b13-l834","source":"ἠχῇ θεσπεσίῃ, ἐπὶ δʼ ἴαχε λαὸς ὄπισθεν.","translation":"with a wondrous cry, and the host behind shouted aloud.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l834.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠχῇ","lemma":"ἠχή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἕποντο","gloss":"with a cry"},{"surface":"θεσπεσίῃ","lemma":"θεσπέσιος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἠχῇ","gloss":"wondrous"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴαχε","lemma":"ἰάχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cried out"},{"surface":"λαὸς","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἴαχε","gloss":"host"},{"surface":"ὄπισθεν","lemma":"ὄπισθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴαχε","gloss":"from behind"}]},{"number":835,"label":"835","id":"b13-l835","source":"Ἀργεῖοι δʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἐπίαχον, οὐδὲ λάθοντο","translation":"And from the other side the Argives shouted in answer,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l835.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργεῖοι","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐπίαχον","gloss":"Argives"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑτέρωθεν","lemma":"ἑτέρωθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπίαχον","gloss":"from the other side"},{"surface":"ἐπίαχον","lemma":"ἐπιάχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shouted back"},{"surface":"λάθοντο","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"forgot"}]},{"number":836,"label":"836","id":"b13-l836","source":"ἀλκῆς, ἀλλʼ ἔμενον Τρώων ἐπιόντας ἀρίστους.","translation":"and did not forget their valor, but awaited the best of the Trojans as they came on.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l836.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλκῆς","lemma":"ἀλκή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of λάθοντο","gloss":"their valor"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔμενον","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"awaited"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀρίστους","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ἐπιόντας","lemma":"ἔπειμι","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifies ἀρίστους","gloss":"coming on"},{"surface":"ἀρίστους","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine superlative adjective","role":"object of ἔμενον","gloss":"best"}]},{"number":837,"label":"837","id":"b13-l837","source":"ἠχὴ δʼ ἀμφοτέρων ἵκετʼ αἰθέρα καὶ Διὸς αὐγάς.","translation":"And the cry of both sides reached the ether and the beams of Zeus.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b13-l837.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠχὴ","lemma":"ἠχή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἵκετ̓","gloss":"cry"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφοτέρων","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἠχὴ","gloss":"of both sides"},{"surface":"ἵκετ","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"αἰθέρα","lemma":"αἰθήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to the ether"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies αὐγάς","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"αὐγάς","lemma":"αὐγή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Zeus' beams"}]}]}