{"work":{"slug":"iliad","title":{"source":"Ἰλιάς","translated":"The Iliad"},"author":"Homer","language":"Ancient Greek","languageCode":"grc","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad"},"unit":{"kind":"book","number":14,"id":"book-14","title":{"source":"Ἰλιάδος Ξ","translated":"Book 14 — Hera's Deception"},"section":"The Patrocleia","summary":"Hera seduces Zeus and puts him to sleep. With Poseidon free to help, Ajax knocks Hector down with a stone.","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad/14","lines":521},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad/13","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad/15","license":"Source text: public domain (Homer, ancient; Greek per the Murray text via the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 3.0). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original line-aligned draft, pending editorial review. Word-by-word morphology and syntax derived from the Perseus Ancient Greek Dependency Treebank (CC BY-SA 3.0); English glosses and notes © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"b14-l1","source":"Νέστορα δʼ οὐκ ἔλαθεν ἰαχὴ πίνοντά περ ἔμπης,","translation":"Yet the battle-cry did not escape Nestor, though he was still drinking,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πίνοντά περ ἔμπης","title":"Though still drinking","body":"The particle περ and adverb ἔμπης together sharpen the concession: even though Nestor is drinking beside the wounded Machaon, the battle-cry reaches him. The participle πίνοντα describes Nestor, not Machaon."}],"words":[{"surface":"Νέστορα","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔλαθεν","gloss":"Nestor"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἔλαθεν","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"escaped notice of","note":"The verb takes the person who fails to notice in the accusative: the cry did not escape Nestor."},{"surface":"ἰαχὴ","lemma":"ἰαχή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔλαθεν","gloss":"battle cry"},{"surface":"πίνοντά","lemma":"πίνω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"while drinking"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἔμπης","lemma":"ἔμπας","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πίνοντά","gloss":"still"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"b14-l2","source":"ἀλλʼ Ἀσκληπιάδην ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"and he addressed the son of Asclepius with winged words:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ἀσκληπιάδην","lemma":"Ἀσκληπιάδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"Asclepius' son"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged","note":"Part of the Homeric speech formula 'winged words.'"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"b14-l3","source":"φράζεο δῖε Μαχᾶον ὅπως ἔσται τάδε ἔργα·","translation":"\"Take thought, godlike Machaon, how these things will turn out.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"φράζεο","title":"Take thought","body":"φράζεο is a present middle imperative: Nestor tells Machaon to consider the worsening battle for himself. The command opens a question about what the fighting will become, not a demand that the wounded healer return to combat."}],"words":[{"surface":"φράζεο","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"take thought","note":"The middle imperative asks Machaon to consider the situation for himself."},{"surface":"δῖε","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μαχᾶον","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Μαχᾶον","lemma":"Μαχάων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Machaon"},{"surface":"ὅπως","lemma":"ὅπως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσται","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"ἔσται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of φράζεο","gloss":"will turn out"},{"surface":"τάδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔσται","gloss":"events"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"b14-l4","source":"μείζων δὴ παρὰ νηυσὶ βοὴ θαλερῶν αἰζηῶν.","translation":"Greater now beside the ships rises the shout of vigorous young men.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μείζων","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular feminine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"greater"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"now indeed"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"βοὴ","lemma":"βοή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"shout"},{"surface":"θαλερῶν","lemma":"θαλερός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies αἰζηῶν","gloss":"vigorous"},{"surface":"αἰζηῶν","lemma":"αἰζηός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βοὴ","gloss":"young men"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"b14-l5","source":"ἀλλὰ σὺ μὲν νῦν πῖνε καθήμενος αἴθοπα οἶνον","translation":"But you sit here now and drink the gleaming wine","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πῖνε","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for your part"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πῖνε","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"πῖνε","lemma":"πίνω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drink"},{"surface":"καθήμενος","lemma":"κάθημαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πῖνε","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"αἴθοπα","lemma":"αἶθοψ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἶνον","gloss":"gleaming"},{"surface":"οἶνον","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πῖνε","gloss":"wine"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"b14-l6","source":"εἰς ὅ κε θερμὰ λοετρὰ ἐϋπλόκαμος Ἑκαμήδη","translation":"until well-tressed Hecamede has warmed hot bathwater","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"the time when","note":"With the preceding preposition, this pronoun forms the temporal expression 'until.'"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"θερμὰ","lemma":"θερμός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies λοετρὰ","gloss":"hot"},{"surface":"λοετρὰ","lemma":"λουτρόν","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of θερμήνῃ","gloss":"bathwater"},{"surface":"ἐϋπλόκαμος","lemma":"εὐπλόκαμος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἑκαμήδη","gloss":"well-tressed"},{"surface":"Ἑκαμήδη","lemma":"Ἑκαμήδη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Hecamede"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"b14-l7","source":"θερμήνῃ καὶ λούσῃ ἄπο βρότον αἱματόεντα·","translation":"and washed the bloody gore from you.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"θερμήνῃ","title":"Until she has warmed it","body":"The aorist subjunctive θερμήνῃ completes the temporal phrase εἰς ὅ κε begun in the previous line: Machaon is to remain until Hecamede finishes heating the bath. The subject is Hecamede, who also performs the washing."}],"words":[{"surface":"θερμήνῃ","lemma":"θερμαίνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"has warmed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λούσῃ","lemma":"λούω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"has washed"},{"surface":"ἄπο","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"away","note":"The preverb is separated from the verb, an instance of Homeric tmesis: 'wash away.'"},{"surface":"βρότον","lemma":"βρότος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λούσῃ","gloss":"gore"},{"surface":"αἱματόεντα","lemma":"αἱματόεις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies βρότον","gloss":"bloody"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"b14-l8","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐγὼν ἐλθὼν τάχα εἴσομαι ἐς περιωπήν.","translation":"I will go out and quickly look from a vantage point.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴσομαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἐλθὼν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἴσομαι","gloss":"going out"},{"surface":"τάχα","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐλθὼν","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"εἴσομαι","lemma":"εἴδω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will look"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"περιωπήν","lemma":"περιωπή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"a vantage point"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"b14-l9","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν σάκος εἷλε τετυγμένον υἷος ἑοῖο","translation":"So he spoke, and took the well-made shield of his own son,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἷλε","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"σάκος","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἷλε","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"εἷλε","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"τετυγμένον","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifies σάκος","gloss":"well-made","note":"The perfect participle describes the shield's completed, enduring workmanship."},{"surface":"υἷος","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"of his son"},{"surface":"ἑοῖο","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷος","gloss":"own"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"b14-l10","source":"κείμενον ἐν κλισίῃ Θρασυμήδεος ἱπποδάμοιο","translation":"which lay in the hut of horse-taming Thrasymedes,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κείμενον","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifies σάκος","gloss":"lying"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κλισίῃ","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the hut"},{"surface":"Θρασυμήδεος","lemma":"Θρασυμήδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"of Thrasymedes"},{"surface":"ἱπποδάμοιο","lemma":"ἱππόδαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Θρασυμήδεος","gloss":"horse-taming"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"b14-l11","source":"χαλκῷ παμφαῖνον· ὃ δʼ ἔχʼ ἀσπίδα πατρὸς ἑοῖο.","translation":"all gleaming with bronze; his son was holding his father's shield.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to παμφαῖνον","gloss":"with bronze"},{"surface":"παμφαῖνον","lemma":"παμφαίνω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifies σάκος","gloss":"all gleaming"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔχ̓","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"ἔχ","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was holding"},{"surface":"ἀσπίδα","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχ̓","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀσπίδα","gloss":"of his father"},{"surface":"ἑοῖο","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατρὸς","gloss":"own"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"b14-l12","source":"εἵλετο δʼ ἄλκιμον ἔγχος ἀκαχμένον ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ,","translation":"He took his stout spear, sharpened with keen bronze,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l12.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀκαχμένον ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ","title":"Sharpened with keen bronze","body":"The spear is fitted and honed with a sharp bronze point. This whole Greek line repeats Iliad 10.135 exactly, so the accepted English line is repeated exactly here."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἵλετο","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took for himself","note":"The middle voice presents Nestor taking up the spear for his own use."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλκιμον","lemma":"ἄλκιμος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"stout"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἵλετο","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"ἀκαχμένον","lemma":"ἀκαχμένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"sharpened"},{"surface":"ὀξέϊ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκῷ","gloss":"keen"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀκαχμένον","gloss":"with bronze"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"b14-l13","source":"στῆ δʼ ἐκτὸς κλισίης, τάχα δʼ εἴσιδεν ἔργον ἀεικὲς","translation":"and stood outside the hut; soon he saw a shameful work:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l13.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐκτὸς","lemma":"ἐκτός","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"κλισίης","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκτὸς","gloss":"the hut"},{"surface":"τάχα","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴσιδεν","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἴσιδεν","lemma":"εἰσοράω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he saw"},{"surface":"ἔργον","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"a deed"},{"surface":"ἀεικὲς","lemma":"ἀεικής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργον","gloss":"shameful"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"b14-l14","source":"τοὺς μὲν ὀρινομένους, τοὺς δὲ κλονέοντας ὄπισθε","translation":"some men routed, others driving them on from behind—","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l14.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὀρινομένους","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"ὀρινομένους","lemma":"ὀρίνω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"being routed"},{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies Τρῶας","gloss":"the others"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"on the other"},{"surface":"κλονέοντας","lemma":"κλονέω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"driving them"},{"surface":"ὄπισθε","lemma":"ὄπισθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κλονέοντας","gloss":"from behind"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"b14-l15","source":"Τρῶας ὑπερθύμους· ἐρέριπτο δὲ τεῖχος Ἀχαιῶν.","translation":"the high-hearted Trojans; and the Achaeans' wall lay fallen.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l15.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶας","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of κλονέοντας","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ὑπερθύμους","lemma":"ὑπέρθυμος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρῶας","gloss":"high-hearted"},{"surface":"ἐρέριπτο","lemma":"ἐρείπω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay fallen","note":"The pluperfect marks the wall as already brought down and still lying in ruins."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τεῖχος","lemma":"τεῖχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐρέριπτο","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τεῖχος","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"b14-l16","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅτε πορφύρῃ πέλαγος μέγα κύματι κωφῷ","translation":"As when the great sea darkly heaves with a silent swell,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l16.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πορφύρῃ","title":"The sea darkly heaves","body":"πορφύρω can describe a dark, troubled surging, as color and motion mingle on the sea. Here the swell gathers but has not yet broken into moving waves, matching Nestor's divided hesitation."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"πορφύρῃ","lemma":"πορφύρω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"darkly heaves"},{"surface":"πέλαγος","lemma":"πέλαγος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of πορφύρῃ","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πέλαγος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"κύματι","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to πορφύρῃ","gloss":"with a swell"},{"surface":"κωφῷ","lemma":"κωφός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κύματι","gloss":"silent"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"b14-l17","source":"ὀσσόμενον λιγέων ἀνέμων λαιψηρὰ κέλευθα","translation":"foreseeing the swift paths of the shrill winds,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l17.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀσσόμενον","lemma":"ὄσσομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular neuter","role":"adverbial to πορφύρῃ","gloss":"foreseeing"},{"surface":"λιγέων","lemma":"λιγύς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνέμων","gloss":"shrill"},{"surface":"ἀνέμων","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies κέλευθα","gloss":"of the winds"},{"surface":"λαιψηρὰ","lemma":"λαιψηρός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κέλευθα","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"κέλευθα","lemma":"κέλευθος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ὀσσόμενον","gloss":"paths"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"b14-l18","source":"αὔτως, οὐδʼ ἄρα τε προκυλίνδεται οὐδετέρωσε,","translation":"but rolls forward toward neither side,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l18.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"οὐδετέρωσε","title":"Toward neither side","body":"The directional ending -σε gives οὐδετέρωσε the force of motion toward neither of two possible directions. The poised sea anticipates Nestor's two possible courses in lines 21–22."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὔτως","lemma":"αὔτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀσσόμενον","gloss":"just so"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"as a rule"},{"surface":"προκυλίνδεται","lemma":"προκυλίνδομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"rolls forward"},{"surface":"οὐδετέρωσε","lemma":"οὐδετέρωσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προκυλίνδεται","gloss":"toward neither side"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"b14-l19","source":"πρίν τινα κεκριμένον καταβήμεναι ἐκ Διὸς οὖρον,","translation":"until some chosen wind comes down from Zeus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l19.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρίν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"τινα","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies οὖρον","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"κεκριμένον","lemma":"κρίνω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies οὖρον","gloss":"chosen"},{"surface":"καταβήμεναι","lemma":"καθάπτω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to πρίν","gloss":"comes down","note":"Epic infinitive ending in -menai; despite the supplied passive analysis, the contextual sense is intransitive, 'come down.'"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"οὖρον","lemma":"οὖρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καταβήμεναι","gloss":"wind"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"b14-l20","source":"ὣς ὃ γέρων ὅρμαινε δαϊζόμενος κατὰ θυμὸν","translation":"so the old man pondered, divided in his heart,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l20.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὅρμαινε","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies γέρων","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὅρμαινε","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"ὅρμαινε","lemma":"ὁρμαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pondered"},{"surface":"δαϊζόμενος","lemma":"δαίζω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὅρμαινε","gloss":"divided"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"his heart"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"b14-l21","source":"διχθάδιʼ, ἢ μεθʼ ὅμιλον ἴοι Δαναῶν ταχυπώλων,","translation":"between two ways: whether to enter the throng of swift-horsed Danaans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l21.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"διχθάδι","lemma":"διχθάδιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to δαϊζόμενος","gloss":"between two ways"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"μεθ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ὅμιλον","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μεθ̓","gloss":"the throng"},{"surface":"ἴοι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἦε","gloss":"he should go","note":"The optative represents the alternatives turning over in Nestor's deliberation."},{"surface":"Δαναῶν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὅμιλον","gloss":"of the Danaans"},{"surface":"ταχυπώλων","lemma":"ταχύπωλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Δαναῶν","gloss":"swift-horsed"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"b14-l22","source":"ἦε μετʼ Ἀτρεΐδην Ἀγαμέμνονα ποιμένα λαῶν.","translation":"or go to Atreus' son Agamemnon, shepherd of the people.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l22.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ποιμένα λαῶν","title":"Shepherd of the people","body":"The standing metaphor calls a leader the shepherd who directs and protects his people. Here it belongs to Agamemnon and marks the command role that Odysseus will soon accuse him of failing."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἦε","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδην","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνονα","gloss":"Atreus' son"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνονα","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μετ̓","gloss":"Agamemnon"},{"surface":"ποιμένα","lemma":"ποιμήν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνονα","gloss":"shepherd"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ποιμένα","gloss":"of the people"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"b14-l23","source":"ὧδε δέ οἱ φρονέοντι δοάσσατο κέρδιον εἶναι","translation":"As he thought on this, it seemed better to him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l23.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δοάσσατο","gloss":"in this way"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δοάσσατο","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"φρονέοντι","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as he thought"},{"surface":"δοάσσατο","lemma":"δοάσσατο","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it seemed"},{"surface":"κέρδιον","lemma":"κερδίων","morphology":"accusative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject of δοάσσατο","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"b14-l24","source":"βῆναι ἐπʼ Ἀτρεΐδην. οἳ δʼ ἀλλήλους ἐνάριζον","translation":"to go to Atreus' son. Meanwhile they slaughtered one another","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l24.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆναι","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject of εἶναι","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδην","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"Atreus' son"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐνάριζον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλους","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐνάριζον","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"ἐνάριζον","lemma":"ἐναρίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were slaughtering"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"b14-l25","source":"μαρνάμενοι· λάκε δέ σφι περὶ χροῒ χαλκὸς ἀτειρὴς","translation":"as they fought; unyielding bronze rang about their bodies","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l25.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μαρνάμενοι","lemma":"μάρναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐνάριζον","gloss":"as they fought"},{"surface":"λάκε","lemma":"λάσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rang"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφι","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to λάκε","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"χροῒ","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"their bodies"},{"surface":"χαλκὸς","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of λάκε","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ἀτειρὴς","lemma":"ἀτειρής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκὸς","gloss":"unyielding"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"b14-l26","source":"νυσσομένων ξίφεσίν τε καὶ ἔγχεσιν ἀμφιγύοισι.","translation":"as they stabbed with swords and double-pointed spears.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l26.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νυσσομένων","lemma":"νύσσω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"modifies χαλκὸς","gloss":"as they stabbed"},{"surface":"ξίφεσίν","lemma":"ξίφος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"with swords"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔγχεσιν","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"with spears"},{"surface":"ἀμφιγύοισι","lemma":"ἀμφίγυος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχεσιν","gloss":"double-pointed"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"b14-l27","source":"Νέστορι δὲ ξύμβληντο διοτρεφέες βασιλῆες","translation":"Then the Zeus-nurtured kings met Nestor","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l27.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"διοτρεφέες βασιλῆες","title":"Zeus-nurtured kings","body":"διοτρεφής presents heroic kings as nourished or fostered by Zeus. The plural gathers the three wounded commanders under a shared royal epithet without implying that any is literally Zeus's son."}],"words":[{"surface":"Νέστορι","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ξύμβληντο","gloss":"Nestor"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ξύμβληντο","lemma":"συμβάλλω","morphology":"aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"met"},{"surface":"διοτρεφέες","lemma":"Διοτρεφής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βασιλῆες","gloss":"Zeus-nurtured"},{"surface":"βασιλῆες","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"kings"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"b14-l28","source":"πὰρ νηῶν ἀνιόντες ὅσοι βεβλήατο χαλκῷ","translation":"as they came up from the ships, all who had been struck by bronze:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l28.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from beside"},{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of πὰρ","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"ἀνιόντες","lemma":"ἄνειμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ξύμβληντο","gloss":"coming up"},{"surface":"ὅσοι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of βεβλήατο","gloss":"all who"},{"surface":"βεβλήατο","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing βασιλῆες","gloss":"had been struck","note":"The pluperfect passive marks wounds already received whose effects bring the kings from battle."},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to βεβλήατο","gloss":"by bronze"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"b14-l29","source":"Τυδεΐδης Ὀδυσεύς τε καὶ Ἀτρεΐδης Ἀγαμέμνων.","translation":"the son of Tydeus, Odysseus, and Atreus' son Agamemnon.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l29.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τυδεΐδης","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Tydeus' son"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδης","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"Atreus' son"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"b14-l30","source":"πολλὸν γάρ ῥʼ ἀπάνευθε μάχης εἰρύατο νῆες","translation":"For far away from the fighting their ships had been drawn","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l30.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὸν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀπάνευθε","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀπάνευθε","lemma":"ἀπάνευθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰρύατο","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"μάχης","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπάνευθε","gloss":"from the fighting"},{"surface":"εἰρύατο","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had been drawn","note":"The pluperfect marks the ships' prior hauling and their resulting position far from battle."},{"surface":"νῆες","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of εἰρύατο","gloss":"ships"}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"b14-l31","source":"θῖνʼ ἔφʼ ἁλὸς πολιῆς· τὰς γὰρ πρώτας πεδίον δὲ","translation":"on the shore of the gray sea; the first ships they had hauled toward the plain,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l31.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θῖν","lemma":"θίς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔφ̓","gloss":"the shore"},{"surface":"ἔφ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ἁλὸς","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies θῖν̓","gloss":"of the sea"},{"surface":"πολιῆς","lemma":"πολιός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἁλὸς","gloss":"gray"},{"surface":"τὰς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine article","role":"modifies πρώτας","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πρώτας","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine superlative adjective","role":"subject of εἴρυσαν","gloss":"foremost ships"},{"surface":"πεδίον","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἴρυσαν","gloss":"toward the plain"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"then"}]},{"number":32,"label":"32","id":"b14-l32","source":"εἴρυσαν, αὐτὰρ τεῖχος ἐπὶ πρύμνῃσιν ἔδειμαν.","translation":"then built the wall behind the sterns.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l32.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴρυσαν","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they hauled"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and then"},{"surface":"τεῖχος","lemma":"τεῖχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔδειμαν","gloss":"a wall"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"πρύμνῃσιν","lemma":"πρύμνα","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"the sterns"},{"surface":"ἔδειμαν","lemma":"δέμω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they built"}]},{"number":33,"label":"33","id":"b14-l33","source":"οὐδὲ γὰρ οὐδʼ εὐρύς περ ἐὼν ἐδυνήσατο πάσας","translation":"For even the shore, though broad, could not","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l33.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"εὐρύς","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐδυνήσατο","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"ἐδυνήσατο","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"πάσας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":34,"label":"34","id":"b14-l34","source":"αἰγιαλὸς νῆας χαδέειν, στείνοντο δὲ λαοί·","translation":"hold all the ships, and the men were crowded close.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l34.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰγιαλὸς","lemma":"αἰγιαλός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐδυνήσατο","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of χαδέειν","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"χαδέειν","lemma":"χανδάνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἐδυνήσατο","gloss":"to hold"},{"surface":"στείνοντο","lemma":"στείνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were crowded"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λαοί","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of στείνοντο","gloss":"the men"}]},{"number":35,"label":"35","id":"b14-l35","source":"τώ ῥα προκρόσσας ἔρυσαν, καὶ πλῆσαν ἁπάσης","translation":"So they drew them up in stepped rows, and filled","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l35.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"προκρόσσας","title":"In stepped rows","body":"προκρόσσας pictures the ships arranged in successive projecting tiers, like courses of battlements or steps. The fleet therefore stretches back from the water rather than forming one line along the beach."}],"words":[{"surface":"τώ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"προκρόσσας","lemma":"πρόκροσσοι","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"in stepped rows","note":"The adjective is used adverbially of ships arranged like successive tiers or steps."},{"surface":"ἔρυσαν","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they drew them up"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πλῆσαν","lemma":"πίμπλημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"filled"},{"surface":"ἁπάσης","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἠϊόνος","gloss":"the whole"}]},{"number":36,"label":"36","id":"b14-l36","source":"ἠϊόνος στόμα μακρόν, ὅσον συνεέργαθον ἄκραι.","translation":"the whole long mouth of shore enclosed between the headlands.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l36.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠϊόνος","lemma":"ἠιών","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies στόμα","gloss":"of shore"},{"surface":"στόμα","lemma":"στόμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"mouth"},{"surface":"μακρόν","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies στόμα","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"ὅσον","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to συνεέργαθον","gloss":"as far as"},{"surface":"συνεέργαθον","lemma":"συνεέργω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of ,","gloss":"enclosed together"},{"surface":"ἄκραι","lemma":"ἄκρα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of συνεέργαθον","gloss":"the headlands"}]},{"number":37,"label":"37","id":"b14-l37","source":"τώ ῥʼ οἵ γʼ ὀψείοντες ἀϋτῆς καὶ πολέμοιο","translation":"So, wanting a clear view of the battle-shout and war,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l37.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τώ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κίον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"ὀψείοντες","lemma":"ὀψείω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κίον","gloss":"wanting a view"},{"surface":"ἀϋτῆς","lemma":"ἀυτή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"of the battle shout"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"of war"}]},{"number":38,"label":"38","id":"b14-l38","source":"ἔγχει ἐρειδόμενοι κίον ἀθρόοι· ἄχνυτο δέ σφι","translation":"they came together, leaning on their spears; within their chests","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l38.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔγχει","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐρειδόμενοι","gloss":"on a spear"},{"surface":"ἐρειδόμενοι","lemma":"ἐρείδω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κίον","gloss":"leaning"},{"surface":"κίον","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they came"},{"surface":"ἀθρόοι","lemma":"ἀθρόος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"all together"},{"surface":"ἄχνυτο","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"imperfect passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was grieved"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφι","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἄχνυτο","gloss":"for them"}]},{"number":39,"label":"39","id":"b14-l39","source":"θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν. ὃ δὲ ξύμβλητο γεραιὸς","translation":"their hearts were grieved. Then aged Nestor met them,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l39.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄχνυτο","gloss":"the heart"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"στήθεσσιν","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"their chests"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies Νέστωρ","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ξύμβλητο","lemma":"συμβάλλω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"met them"},{"surface":"γεραιὸς","lemma":"γεραιός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Νέστωρ","gloss":"aged"}]},{"number":40,"label":"40","id":"b14-l40","source":"Νέστωρ, πτῆξε δὲ θυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν Ἀχαιῶν.","translation":"and the hearts of the Achaeans cowered within their chests.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l40.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Νέστωρ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ξύμβλητο","gloss":"Nestor"},{"surface":"πτῆξε","lemma":"πτήσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made cower"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πτῆξε","gloss":"the heart"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"στήθεσσιν","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"the chests"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies στήθεσσιν","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":41,"label":"41","id":"b14-l41","source":"τὸν καὶ φωνήσας προσέφη κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων·","translation":"Then the lord Agamemnon called to him and said:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l41.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φωνήσας","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"calling out"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"κρείων","lemma":"κρείων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":42,"label":"42","id":"b14-l42","source":"ὦ Νέστορ Νηληϊάδη μέγα κῦδος Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"\"Nestor, son of Neleus, great glory of the Achaeans,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l42.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Νέστορ Νηληϊάδη μέγα κῦδος Ἀχαιῶν","title":"Nestor, great glory of the Achaeans","body":"This full address names Nestor through his father Neleus and calls him a great source of Achaean glory. The whole Greek line recurs in Books 10 and 11, and its accepted English is held verbatim here."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"o"},{"surface":"Νέστορ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Nestor"},{"surface":"Νηληϊάδη","lemma":"νηληιάδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Νέστορ","gloss":"son of Neleus"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"vocative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῦδος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"κῦδος","lemma":"κῦδος","morphology":"vocative singular neuter noun","role":"modifies Νέστορ","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κῦδος","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":43,"label":"43","id":"b14-l43","source":"τίπτε λιπὼν πόλεμον φθισήνορα δεῦρʼ ἀφικάνεις;","translation":"why have you left man-destroying battle and come here?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l43.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τίπτε","lemma":"τίπτε","morphology":"pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀφικάνεις","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"λιπὼν","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀφικάνεις","gloss":"having left"},{"surface":"πόλεμον","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λιπὼν","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"φθισήνορα","lemma":"φθισήνωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πόλεμον","gloss":"man-destroying"},{"surface":"δεῦρ","lemma":"δεῦρο","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἀφικάνεις","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἀφικάνεις","lemma":"ἀφικάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have you come"}]},{"number":44,"label":"44","id":"b14-l44","source":"δείδω μὴ δή μοι τελέσῃ ἔπος ὄβριμος Ἕκτωρ,","translation":"I fear mighty Hector may now fulfill the word he spoke,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l44.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"δείδω μὴ δή μοι τελέσῃ","title":"I fear he may fulfill it","body":"After δείδω, the negative particle μή introduces what Agamemnon fears, and τελέσῃ is an aorist subjunctive. The construction looks forward to Hector completing his threat, not merely attempting it."}],"words":[{"surface":"δείδω","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I fear"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now indeed"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to τελέσῃ","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"τελέσῃ","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of μὴ","gloss":"may fulfill","note":"After a verb of fearing, the negative conjunction introduces the feared positive outcome: 'I fear that he may fulfill.'"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τελέσῃ","gloss":"the word"},{"surface":"ὄβριμος","lemma":"ὄβριμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τελέσῃ","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":45,"label":"45","id":"b14-l45","source":"ὥς ποτʼ ἐπηπείλησεν ἐνὶ Τρώεσσʼ ἀγορεύων","translation":"the threat he once made while speaking among the Trojans:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l45.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπηπείλησεν","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἐπηπείλησεν","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"ἐπηπείλησεν","lemma":"ἐπαπειλέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τελέσῃ","gloss":"he threatened"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσ","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύων","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπηπείλησεν","gloss":"while speaking"}]},{"number":46,"label":"46","id":"b14-l46","source":"μὴ πρὶν πὰρ νηῶν προτὶ Ἴλιον ἀπονέεσθαι","translation":"that he would not return from the ships toward Ilion","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l46.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπονέεσθαι","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from beside"},{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of πὰρ","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"προτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of προτὶ","gloss":"Ilion"},{"surface":"ἀπονέεσθαι","lemma":"ἀπονέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἐπηπείλησεν","gloss":"to return"}]},{"number":47,"label":"47","id":"b14-l47","source":"πρὶν πυρὶ νῆας ἐνιπρῆσαι, κτεῖναι δὲ καὶ αὐτούς.","translation":"before he burned the ships with fire and killed us too.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l47.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"πυρὶ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνιπρῆσαι","gloss":"with fire"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐνιπρῆσαι","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"ἐνιπρῆσαι","lemma":"ἐμπρήθω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"he burned"},{"surface":"κτεῖναι","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"he killed"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"αὐτούς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of κτεῖναι","gloss":"us ourselves"}]},{"number":48,"label":"48","id":"b14-l48","source":"κεῖνος τὼς ἀγόρευε· τὰ δὴ νῦν πάντα τελεῖται.","translation":"So he spoke; and now all this is being fulfilled.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l48.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖνος","lemma":"κεῖνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἀγόρευε","gloss":"that man"},{"surface":"τὼς","lemma":"τώς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγόρευε","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἀγόρευε","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter article","role":"modifies πάντα","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τελεῖται","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of τελεῖται","gloss":"all things"},{"surface":"τελεῖται","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are being fulfilled"}]},{"number":49,"label":"49","id":"b14-l49","source":"ὢ πόποι ἦ ῥα καὶ ἄλλοι ἐϋκνήμιδες Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"Ah, can it be that the other well-greaved Achaeans too","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l49.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὢ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"πόποι","lemma":"πόποι","morphology":"interjection","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"alas"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"can it be"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοὶ","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"ἐϋκνήμιδες","lemma":"ἐυκνήμις","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοὶ","gloss":"well-greaved"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of βάλλονται","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":50,"label":"50","id":"b14-l50","source":"ἐν θυμῷ βάλλονται ἐμοὶ χόλον ὥς περ Ἀχιλλεὺς","translation":"cast anger against me in their hearts, just as Achilles does,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l50.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"their hearts"},{"surface":"βάλλονται","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are casting"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to βάλλονται","gloss":"against me"},{"surface":"χόλον","lemma":"χόλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βάλλονται","gloss":"anger"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":51,"label":"51","id":"b14-l51","source":"οὐδʼ ἐθέλουσι μάχεσθαι ἐπὶ πρυμνῇσι νέεσσι.","translation":"and will not fight beside the sterns of the ships?\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l51.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐθέλουσι","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are willing"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλουσι","gloss":"to fight"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"πρυμνῇσι","lemma":"πρυμνός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νέεσσι","gloss":"the sterns"},{"surface":"νέεσσι","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"of the ships"}]},{"number":52,"label":"52","id":"b14-l52","source":"τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ·","translation":"Then Nestor, the Gerenian horseman, answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l52.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"Γερήνιος","lemma":"Γερήνιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Νέστωρ","gloss":"Gerenian"},{"surface":"ἱππότα","lemma":"ἱππότης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Νέστωρ","gloss":"horseman"},{"surface":"Νέστωρ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"Nestor"}]},{"number":53,"label":"53","id":"b14-l53","source":"ἦ δὴ ταῦτά γʼ ἑτοῖμα τετεύχαται, οὐδέ κεν ἄλλως","translation":"\"These things indeed now stand accomplished, nor could","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l53.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ταῦτά","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of τετεύχαται","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"ἑτοῖμα","lemma":"ἑτοῖμος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"accomplished"},{"surface":"τετεύχαται","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"now stand","note":"The perfect expresses a completed outcome that now stands ready or accomplished."},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"ἄλλως","lemma":"ἄλλως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παρατεκτήναιτο","gloss":"otherwise"}]},{"number":54,"label":"54","id":"b14-l54","source":"Ζεὺς ὑψιβρεμέτης αὐτὸς παρατεκτήναιτο.","translation":"Zeus who thunders on high himself contrive them otherwise.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l54.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ζεὺς ὑψιβρεμέτης","title":"Zeus who thunders on high","body":"ὑψιβρεμέτης joins height with thunderous sound: Zeus is the one who thunders from the sky. It remains distinct from the established wide-thundering and cloud-gatherer epithets."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of παρατεκτήναιτο","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ὑψιβρεμέτης","lemma":"ὑψιβρεμέτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεὺς","gloss":"high-thundering"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"παρατεκτήναιτο","lemma":"παρατεκταίνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"contrive them","note":"The aorist middle optative with the modal particle means that not even Zeus could devise a different outcome."}]},{"number":55,"label":"55","id":"b14-l55","source":"τεῖχος μὲν γὰρ δὴ κατερήριπεν, ᾧ ἐπέπιθμεν","translation":"For the wall has fallen, the wall in which we trusted","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l55.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τεῖχος","lemma":"τεῖχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of κατερήριπεν","gloss":"the wall"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for its part"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κατερήριπεν","lemma":"κατερείπω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has fallen","note":"The perfect stresses the wall's present ruined state."},{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἐπέπιθμεν","gloss":"in which"},{"surface":"ἐπέπιθμεν","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τεῖχος","gloss":"we had trusted"}]},{"number":56,"label":"56","id":"b14-l56","source":"ἄρρηκτον νηῶν τε καὶ αὐτῶν εἶλαρ ἔσεσθαι·","translation":"to be an unbroken safeguard for the ships and for ourselves.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l56.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄρρηκτον","lemma":"ἄρρηκτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies εἶλαρ","gloss":"unbroken"},{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"for the ships"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτῶν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"for ourselves"},{"surface":"εἶλαρ","lemma":"εἶλαρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"safeguard"},{"surface":"ἔσεσθαι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ἐπέπιθμεν","gloss":"would be"}]},{"number":57,"label":"57","id":"b14-l57","source":"οἳ δʼ ἐπὶ νηυσὶ θοῇσι μάχην ἀλίαστον ἔχουσι","translation":"They keep unending battle at the swift ships,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l57.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔχουσι","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"θοῇσι","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶ","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"μάχην","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχουσι","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"ἀλίαστον","lemma":"ἀλίαστος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μάχην","gloss":"unending"},{"surface":"ἔχουσι","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"keep up"}]},{"number":58,"label":"58","id":"b14-l58","source":"νωλεμές· οὐδʼ ἂν ἔτι γνοίης μάλα περ σκοπιάζων","translation":"without pause; no longer could you tell, though you watched closely,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l58.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"οὐδʼ ἂν ἔτι γνοίης","title":"You could no longer tell","body":"The aorist optative γνοίης with ἄν expresses what even a careful observer could no longer manage to determine. The second-person singular is general: anyone looking down would face the same confusion."}],"words":[{"surface":"νωλεμές","lemma":"νωλεμές","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχουσι","gloss":"without pause"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γνοίης","gloss":"any longer"},{"surface":"γνοίης","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you tell","note":"The optative with the modal particle gives a potential sense: even an observer could no longer distinguish the battle's course."},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very closely"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"σκοπιάζων","lemma":"σκοπιάζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to γνοίης","gloss":"watching"}]},{"number":59,"label":"59","id":"b14-l59","source":"ὁπποτέρωθεν Ἀχαιοὶ ὀρινόμενοι κλονέονται,","translation":"from which side the Achaeans are routed and scattered,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l59.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὁπποτέρωθεν","lemma":"ὁποτέρωθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of κλονέονται","gloss":"from which side"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of κλονέονται","gloss":"the Achaeans"},{"surface":"ὀρινόμενοι","lemma":"ὀρίνω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κλονέονται","gloss":"being scattered"},{"surface":"κλονέονται","lemma":"κλονέω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of γνοίης","gloss":"are routed"}]},{"number":60,"label":"60","id":"b14-l60","source":"ὡς ἐπιμὶξ κτείνονται, ἀϋτὴ δʼ οὐρανὸν ἵκει.","translation":"so confusedly are they killed, while the cry reaches heaven.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l60.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπιμὶξ","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἐπιμὶξ","lemma":"ἐπιμίξ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κτείνονται","gloss":"all mixed together"},{"surface":"κτείνονται","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to γνοίης","gloss":"are being killed"},{"surface":"ἀϋτὴ","lemma":"ἀυτή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἵκει","gloss":"the cry"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"οὐρανὸν","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἵκει","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"ἵκει","lemma":"ἵκω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reaches"}]},{"number":61,"label":"61","id":"b14-l61","source":"ἡμεῖς δὲ φραζώμεθʼ ὅπως ἔσται τάδε ἔργα","translation":"let us then consider how these things shall be —","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l61.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμεῖς","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φραζώμεθ̓","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"φραζώμεθ","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us consider","note":"The middle hortatory subjunctive invites collective deliberation."},{"surface":"ὅπως","lemma":"ὅπως","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"ἔσται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of φραζώμεθ̓","gloss":"shall turn out"},{"surface":"τάδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔσται","gloss":"events"}]},{"number":62,"label":"62","id":"b14-l62","source":"εἴ τι νόος ῥέξει· πόλεμον δʼ οὐκ ἄμμε κελεύω","translation":"if counsel can accomplish anything. I do not urge us","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l62.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ῥέξει","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"νόος","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ῥέξει","gloss":"counsel"},{"surface":"ῥέξει","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"will accomplish"},{"surface":"πόλεμον","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δύμεναι","gloss":"the war"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἄμμε","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of κελεύω","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"κελεύω","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I urge"}]},{"number":63,"label":"63","id":"b14-l63","source":"δύμεναι· οὐ γάρ πως βεβλημένον ἐστὶ μάχεσθαι.","translation":"to enter the war; there is no way for a wounded man to fight.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l63.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"βεβλημένον","title":"A man who has been struck","body":"βεβλημένον is a perfect middle-passive participle of βάλλω: the wound is a completed blow whose effects remain. Nestor speaks generally, but all three kings before him bear such continuing wounds."}],"words":[{"surface":"δύμεναι","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of κελεύω","gloss":"to enter"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πως","lemma":"πως","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἐστὶ","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"βεβλημένον","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"subject of μάχεσθαι","gloss":"a wounded man","note":"The perfect passive participle denotes someone already struck and still suffering the wound."},{"surface":"ἐστὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is able"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"subject of ἐστὶ","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":64,"label":"64","id":"b14-l64","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων·","translation":"Then Agamemnon, lord of men, addressed him in turn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l64.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσέειπεν","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"προσέειπεν","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄναξ","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπεν","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":65,"label":"65","id":"b14-l65","source":"Νέστορ ἐπεὶ δὴ νηυσὶν ἔπι πρυμνῇσι μάχονται,","translation":"\"Nestor, since they are fighting at the very sterns of the ships,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l65.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Νέστορ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Nestor"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now indeed"},{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔπι","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"πρυμνῇσι","lemma":"πρυμνός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶν","gloss":"sternmost"},{"surface":"μάχονται","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"they are fighting"}]},{"number":66,"label":"66","id":"b14-l66","source":"τεῖχος δʼ οὐκ ἔχραισμε τετυγμένον, οὐδέ τι τάφρος,","translation":"and neither the well-built wall nor the trench has helped,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l66.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τεῖχος","lemma":"τεῖχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔχραισμε","gloss":"the wall"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἔχραισμε","lemma":"χραισμέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"has helped"},{"surface":"τετυγμένον","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular neuter","role":"modifies τεῖχος","gloss":"well-built"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"τάφρος","lemma":"τάφρος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"the trench"}]},{"number":67,"label":"67","id":"b14-l67","source":"ᾗ ἔπι πολλὰ πάθον Δαναοί, ἔλποντο δὲ θυμῷ","translation":"over which the Danaans labored greatly, hoping in their hearts","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l67.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ᾗ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔπι","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to πάθον","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"πάθον","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"labored"},{"surface":"Δαναοί","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of πάθον","gloss":"the Danaans"},{"surface":"ἔλποντο","lemma":"ἔλπω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"were hoping"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔλποντο","gloss":"in their hearts"}]},{"number":68,"label":"68","id":"b14-l68","source":"ἄρρηκτον νηῶν τε καὶ αὐτῶν εἶλαρ ἔσεσθαι·","translation":"to be an unbroken safeguard for the ships and for ourselves.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l68.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄρρηκτον","lemma":"ἄρρηκτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies εἶλαρ","gloss":"unbroken"},{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"for the ships"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτῶν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"for ourselves"},{"surface":"εἶλαρ","lemma":"εἶλαρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"safeguard"},{"surface":"ἔσεσθαι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ἔλποντο","gloss":"would be"}]},{"number":69,"label":"69","id":"b14-l69","source":"οὕτω που Διὶ μέλλει ὑπερμενέϊ φίλον εἶναι","translation":"So, it seems, it must be dear to Zeus, exceeding in might,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l69.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὕτω","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μέλλει","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"it seems"},{"surface":"Διὶ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to εἶναι","gloss":"to Zeus"},{"surface":"μέλλει","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it must be"},{"surface":"ὑπερμενέϊ","lemma":"ὑπερμενής","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὶ","gloss":"exceeding in might"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of μέλλει","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":70,"label":"70","id":"b14-l70","source":"νωνύμνους ἀπολέσθαι ἀπʼ Ἄργεος ἐνθάδʼ Ἀχαιούς.","translation":"for the Achaeans to perish nameless here, far from Argos.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l70.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νωνύμνους","lemma":"νώνυμνος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"nameless"},{"surface":"ἀπολέσθαι","lemma":"ἀπόλλυμι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"subject of εἶναι","gloss":"to perish"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"far from"},{"surface":"Ἄργεος","lemma":"Ἄργος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπ̓","gloss":"Argos"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδ","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπολέσθαι","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἀπολέσθαι","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":71,"label":"71","id":"b14-l71","source":"ᾔδεα μὲν γὰρ ὅτε πρόφρων Δαναοῖσιν ἄμυνεν,","translation":"I knew when he willingly defended the Danaans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l71.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ᾔδεα","lemma":"εἴδω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I knew"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄμυνεν","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"πρόφρων","lemma":"πρόφρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"wholeheartedly"},{"surface":"Δαναοῖσιν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἄμυνεν","gloss":"the Danaans"},{"surface":"ἄμυνεν","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ᾔδεα","gloss":"he defended"}]},{"number":72,"label":"72","id":"b14-l72","source":"οἶδα δὲ νῦν ὅτε τοὺς μὲν ὁμῶς μακάρεσσι θεοῖσι","translation":"and now I know that he glorifies the Trojans like the blessed gods","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l72.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἶδα","lemma":"εἴδω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I know"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οἶδα","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of κυδάνει","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"ὁμῶς","lemma":"ὁμῶς","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"μακάρεσσι","lemma":"μάκαρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοῖσι","gloss":"the blessed"},{"surface":"θεοῖσι","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὁμῶς","gloss":"gods"}]},{"number":73,"label":"73","id":"b14-l73","source":"κυδάνει, ἡμέτερον δὲ μένος καὶ χεῖρας ἔδησεν.","translation":"and has bound our fighting strength and our hands.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l73.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κυδάνει","lemma":"κυδάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"he glorifies"},{"surface":"ἡμέτερον","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"fighting strength"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἔδησεν","lemma":"δέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"he has bound"}]},{"number":74,"label":"74","id":"b14-l74","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγεθʼ ὡς ἂν ἐγὼν εἴπω πειθώμεθα πάντες.","translation":"Come, then, let all of us obey as I shall say:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l74.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγεθ","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come now"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴπω","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"I shall"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴπω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"εἴπω","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to πειθώμεθα","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"πειθώμεθα","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us obey","note":"The middle hortatory subjunctive urges the whole group to accept Agamemnon's proposal."},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of πειθώμεθα","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":75,"label":"75","id":"b14-l75","source":"νῆες ὅσαι πρῶται εἰρύαται ἄγχι θαλάσσης","translation":"the ships first drawn up nearest the sea","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l75.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῆες","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of εἰρύαται","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"ὅσαι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"as many as"},{"surface":"πρῶται","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine superlative adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"foremost"},{"surface":"εἰρύαται","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of ἕλκωμεν","gloss":"have been drawn up"},{"surface":"ἄγχι","lemma":"ἄγχι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰρύαται","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"θαλάσσης","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἄγχι","gloss":"the sea"}]},{"number":76,"label":"76","id":"b14-l76","source":"ἕλκωμεν, πάσας δὲ ἐρύσσομεν εἰς ἅλα δῖαν,","translation":"let us haul down, and draw them all into the bright sea,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l76.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕλκωμεν","lemma":"ἕλκω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us haul down"},{"surface":"πάσας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"object of ἐρύσσομεν","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐρύσσομεν","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us draw"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"ἅλα","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"the sea"},{"surface":"δῖαν","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἅλα","gloss":"bright"}]},{"number":77,"label":"77","id":"b14-l77","source":"ὕψι δʼ ἐπʼ εὐνάων ὁρμίσσομεν, εἰς ὅ κεν ἔλθῃ","translation":"then moor them far out upon their anchors until","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l77.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὕψι","lemma":"ὕψι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὁρμίσσομεν","gloss":"far out"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"εὐνάων","lemma":"εὐνή","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπ̓","gloss":"their anchors"},{"surface":"ὁρμίσσομεν","lemma":"ὁρμίζω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us moor"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔλθῃ","gloss":"the time when"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"ἔλθῃ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰς","gloss":"has come"}]},{"number":78,"label":"78","id":"b14-l78","source":"νὺξ ἀβρότη, ἢν καὶ τῇ ἀπόσχωνται πολέμοιο","translation":"immortal night has come, if even then the Trojans cease from war.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l78.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νὺξ","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔλθῃ","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"ἀβρότη","lemma":"ἄβροτος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νὺξ","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"ἢν","lemma":"ἐάν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀπόσχωνται","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀπόσχωνται","lemma":"ἀπέχω","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἢν","gloss":"they cease"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπόσχωνται","gloss":"from war"}]},{"number":79,"label":"79","id":"b14-l79","source":"Τρῶες· ἔπειτα δέ κεν ἐρυσαίμεθα νῆας ἁπάσας.","translation":"Then we might draw down all the remaining ships.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l79.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπόσχωνται","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"might"},{"surface":"ἐρυσαίμεθα","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we could draw down","note":"The aorist middle optative with the modal particle presents the proposed result as a possibility."},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐρυσαίμεθα","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"ἁπάσας","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"all remaining"}]},{"number":80,"label":"80","id":"b14-l80","source":"οὐ γάρ τις νέμεσις φυγέειν κακόν, οὐδʼ ἀνὰ νύκτα.","translation":"There is no shame in fleeing ruin, not even through the night.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l80.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies νέμεσις","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"νέμεσις","lemma":"νέμεσις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"shame"},{"surface":"φυγέειν","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"to flee"},{"surface":"κακόν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of φυγέειν","gloss":"ruin"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"νύκτα","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀνὰ","gloss":"the night"}]},{"number":81,"label":"81","id":"b14-l81","source":"βέλτερον ὃς φεύγων προφύγῃ κακὸν ἠὲ ἁλώῃ.","translation":"Better that a man flee and escape ruin than be taken.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l81.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βέλτερον","lemma":"βέλτερος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of προφύγῃ","gloss":"the man who"},{"surface":"φεύγων","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προφύγῃ","gloss":"by fleeing"},{"surface":"προφύγῃ","lemma":"προφεύγω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"subject","gloss":"escapes"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of προφύγῃ","gloss":"ruin"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"ἁλώῃ","lemma":"ἁλίσκομαι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἠὲ","gloss":"is captured"}]},{"number":82,"label":"82","id":"b14-l82","source":"τὸν δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν προσέφη πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"Then, glaring at him from under his brows, Odysseus of many wiles spoke:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l82.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὑπόδρα","lemma":"ὑπόδρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰδὼν","gloss":"from under his brows","note":"The adverb describes the characteristic Homeric hostile glare from beneath lowered brows."},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"glaring"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"πολύμητις","lemma":"πολύμητις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"of many wiles"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":83,"label":"83","id":"b14-l83","source":"Ἀτρεΐδη ποῖόν σε ἔπος φύγεν ἕρκος ὀδόντων·","translation":"\"Son of Atreus, what a word has escaped the barrier of your teeth!","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l83.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἕρκος ὀδόντων","title":"The fence of the teeth","body":"The recurring phrase makes the teeth a barrier that should hold reckless speech inside the mouth. Odysseus turns the image into a charge that Agamemnon has let an unworthy proposal escape."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδη","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"ποῖόν","lemma":"ποῖος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπος","gloss":"what sort of"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of φύγεν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of φύγεν","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"φύγεν","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has escaped"},{"surface":"ἕρκος","lemma":"ἕρκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of φύγεν","gloss":"the barrier"},{"surface":"ὀδόντων","lemma":"ὀδούς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἕρκος","gloss":"of your teeth","note":"The 'barrier of the teeth' is a Homeric formula for words passing out of the mouth."}]},{"number":84,"label":"84","id":"b14-l84","source":"οὐλόμενʼ αἴθʼ ὤφελλες ἀεικελίου στρατοῦ ἄλλου","translation":"Accursed man, you should have commanded some other, dishonored army","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l84.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐλόμεν","lemma":"οὐλόμενος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"accursed man"},{"surface":"αἴθ","lemma":"εἴθε","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"if only"},{"surface":"ὤφελλες","lemma":"ὀφέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you had commanded","note":"The imperfect with the wish particle expresses an unreal wish about what Agamemnon ought to have done."},{"surface":"ἀεικελίου","lemma":"ἀεικέλιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies στρατοῦ","gloss":"dishonored"},{"surface":"στρατοῦ","lemma":"στρατός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of σημαίνειν","gloss":"army"},{"surface":"ἄλλου","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies στρατοῦ","gloss":"some other"}]},{"number":85,"label":"85","id":"b14-l85","source":"σημαίνειν, μὴ δʼ ἄμμιν ἀνασσέμεν, οἷσιν ἄρα Ζεὺς","translation":"and not ruled us, to whom Zeus","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l85.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σημαίνειν","lemma":"σημαίνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"to command"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄμμιν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀνασσέμεν","gloss":"over us"},{"surface":"ἀνασσέμεν","lemma":"ἀνάσσω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"to rule","note":"Epic infinitive in -men, parallel to 'to command' and dependent on the unreal wish."},{"surface":"οἷσιν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔδωκε","gloss":"to whom"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔδωκε","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":86,"label":"86","id":"b14-l86","source":"ἐκ νεότητος ἔδωκε καὶ ἐς γῆρας τολυπεύειν","translation":"has granted from youth even into old age the task of winding through","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l86.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"τολυπεύειν","title":"Winding war to its end","body":"τολυπεύω properly describes winding thread into a ball, then completing a difficult course as though gathering every strand. Odysseus imagines the Achaeans working their grievous wars through from youth to death."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"νεότητος","lemma":"νεότης","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"youth"},{"surface":"ἔδωκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἄμμιν","gloss":"granted"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"γῆρας","lemma":"γῆρας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐς","gloss":"old age"},{"surface":"τολυπεύειν","lemma":"τολυπεύω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἔδωκε","gloss":"to wind through","note":"The verb literally evokes winding wool from a distaff, here a vivid metaphor for laboriously carrying wars through to their end."}]},{"number":87,"label":"87","id":"b14-l87","source":"ἀργαλέους πολέμους, ὄφρα φθιόμεσθα ἕκαστος.","translation":"grievous wars, until each one of us perishes.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l87.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀργαλέους","lemma":"ἀργαλέος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πολέμους","gloss":"grievous"},{"surface":"πολέμους","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τολυπεύειν","gloss":"wars"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"φθιόμεσθα","lemma":"φθίω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"we perish"},{"surface":"ἕκαστος","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"each one"}]},{"number":88,"label":"88","id":"b14-l88","source":"οὕτω δὴ μέμονας Τρώων πόλιν εὐρυάγυιαν","translation":"Are you truly bent on abandoning the broad-streeted city of Troy,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l88.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὕτω","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μέμονας","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"μέμονας","lemma":"μέμονα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are you bent","note":"The perfect has present force: Agamemnon stands fixed in his intention."},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies πόλιν","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καλλείψειν","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"εὐρυάγυιαν","lemma":"εὐρυάγυια","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πόλιν","gloss":"broad-streeted"}]},{"number":89,"label":"89","id":"b14-l89","source":"καλλείψειν, ἧς εἵνεκʼ ὀϊζύομεν κακὰ πολλά;","translation":"for whose sake we have suffered so many evils?","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l89.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καλλείψειν","lemma":"καταλείπω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of μέμονας","gloss":"on abandoning"},{"surface":"ἧς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἵνεκ̓","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"εἵνεκ","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for the sake of"},{"surface":"ὀϊζύομεν","lemma":"ὀιζύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing πόλιν","gloss":"we suffer"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ὀϊζύομεν","gloss":"evils"},{"surface":"πολλά","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κακὰ","gloss":"many"}]},{"number":90,"label":"90","id":"b14-l90","source":"σίγα, μή τίς τʼ ἄλλος Ἀχαιῶν τοῦτον ἀκούσῃ","translation":"Be silent, lest some other Achaean hear","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l90.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σίγα","lemma":"σιγάω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"be silent"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀκούσῃ","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"else"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"of the Achaeans"},{"surface":"τοῦτον","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μῦθον","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἀκούσῃ","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μή","gloss":"may hear"}]},{"number":91,"label":"91","id":"b14-l91","source":"μῦθον, ὃν οὔ κεν ἀνήρ γε διὰ στόμα πάμπαν ἄγοιτο","translation":"this speech, which no man would ever let pass his lips","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l91.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀκούσῃ","gloss":"speech"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἄγοιτο","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἀνήρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄγοιτο","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"στόμα","lemma":"στόμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of διὰ","gloss":"his mouth"},{"surface":"πάμπαν","lemma":"πάμπαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄγοιτο","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"ἄγοιτο","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing μῦθον","gloss":"let pass","note":"The optative with the modal particle makes a general potential claim: no sensible ruler would utter such words."}]},{"number":92,"label":"92","id":"b14-l92","source":"ὅς τις ἐπίσταιτο ᾗσι φρεσὶν ἄρτια βάζειν","translation":"if he knew in his mind how to speak what is sound,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l92.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπίσταιτο","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ἐπίσταιτο","lemma":"ἐπίσταμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τ̓","gloss":"knew how"},{"surface":"ᾗσι","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρεσὶν","gloss":"in his own"},{"surface":"φρεσὶν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπίσταιτο","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"ἄρτια","lemma":"ἄρτιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of βάζειν","gloss":"sound things"},{"surface":"βάζειν","lemma":"βάζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐπίσταιτο","gloss":"to speak"}]},{"number":93,"label":"93","id":"b14-l93","source":"σκηπτοῦχός τʼ εἴη, καί οἱ πειθοίατο λαοὶ","translation":"who held a scepter, and whose people obeyed him,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l93.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σκηπτοῦχός","lemma":"σκηπτοῦχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"scepter-bearing"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τ̓","gloss":"might be"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πειθοίατο","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"πειθοίατο","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing σκηπτοῦχός","gloss":"might obey"},{"surface":"λαοὶ","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of πειθοίατο","gloss":"the people"}]},{"number":94,"label":"94","id":"b14-l94","source":"τοσσοίδʼ ὅσσοισιν σὺ μετʼ Ἀργείοισιν ἀνάσσεις·","translation":"so many as the Argives over whom you rule.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l94.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοσσοίδ","lemma":"τοσόσδε","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies λαοὶ","gloss":"so many"},{"surface":"ὅσσοισιν","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀργείοισιν","gloss":"as many as"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀνάσσεις","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"Ἀργείοισιν","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of μετ̓","gloss":"the Argives"},{"surface":"ἀνάσσεις","lemma":"ἀνάσσω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τοσσοίδ̓","gloss":"rule"}]},{"number":95,"label":"95","id":"b14-l95","source":"νῦν δέ σευ ὠνοσάμην πάγχυ φρένας, οἷον ἔειπες·","translation":"Now I wholly condemn your judgment for what you have said:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l95.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὠνοσάμην","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σευ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies φρένας","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ὠνοσάμην","lemma":"ὄνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I condemn"},{"surface":"πάγχυ","lemma":"πάγχυ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὠνοσάμην","gloss":"wholly"},{"surface":"φρένας","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὠνοσάμην","gloss":"judgment"},{"surface":"οἷον","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔειπες","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"ἔειπες","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὠνοσάμην","gloss":"you said"}]},{"number":96,"label":"96","id":"b14-l96","source":"ὃς κέλεαι πολέμοιο συνεσταότος καὶ ἀϋτῆς","translation":"you order us, while war and the battle-shout close round us,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l96.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κέλεαι","gloss":"you who"},{"surface":"κέλεαι","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"order"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"συνεσταότος","lemma":"συνίστημι","morphology":"perfect active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κέλεαι","gloss":"closing round us","note":"The perfect participle describes war as already gathered around them and continuing to press close."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀϋτῆς","lemma":"ἀυτή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"the battle shout"}]},{"number":97,"label":"97","id":"b14-l97","source":"νῆας ἐϋσσέλμους ἅλαδʼ ἑλκέμεν, ὄφρʼ ἔτι μᾶλλον","translation":"to haul the well-benched ships into the sea, so that still more","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l97.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἑλκέμεν","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"ἐϋσσέλμους","lemma":"εὔσελμος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"well-benched"},{"surface":"ἅλαδ","lemma":"ἅλαδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἑλκέμεν","gloss":"seaward"},{"surface":"ἑλκέμεν","lemma":"ἕλκω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of κέλεαι","gloss":"to haul"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"μᾶλλον","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"comparative adverb","role":"adverbial to γένηται","gloss":"more"}]},{"number":98,"label":"98","id":"b14-l98","source":"Τρωσὶ μὲν εὐκτὰ γένηται ἐπικρατέουσί περ ἔμπης,","translation":"the Trojans' prayers may be fulfilled, though they prevail already,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l98.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρωσὶ","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to γένηται","gloss":"for the Trojans"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"εὐκτὰ","lemma":"εὐκτός","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of γένηται","gloss":"their prayers"},{"surface":"γένηται","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"may be fulfilled"},{"surface":"ἐπικρατέουσί","lemma":"ἐπικρατέω","morphology":"present active participle, dative plural masculine","role":"modifies Τρωσὶ","gloss":"though prevailing"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἔμπης","lemma":"ἔμπας","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"already"}]},{"number":99,"label":"99","id":"b14-l99","source":"ἡμῖν δʼ αἰπὺς ὄλεθρος ἐπιρρέπῃ. οὐ γὰρ Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"and sheer destruction may tip upon us. For the Achaeans","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l99.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμῖν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπιρρέπῃ","gloss":"upon us"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰπὺς","lemma":"αἰπύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄλεθρος","gloss":"sheer"},{"surface":"ὄλεθρος","lemma":"ὄλεθρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπιρρέπῃ","gloss":"destruction"},{"surface":"ἐπιρρέπῃ","lemma":"ἐπιρρέπω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"may tip","note":"The verb pictures the balance of battle inclining decisively toward destruction."},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of σχήσουσιν","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":100,"label":"100","id":"b14-l100","source":"σχήσουσιν πόλεμον νηῶν ἅλα δʼ ἑλκομενάων,","translation":"will not hold to the battle while the ships are dragged seaward,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l100.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σχήσουσιν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will hold to"},{"surface":"πόλεμον","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of σχήσουσιν","gloss":"the battle"},{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἑλκομενάων","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"ἅλα","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἑλκομενάων","gloss":"seaward"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"ἑλκομενάων","lemma":"ἕλκω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive plural feminine","role":"adverbial to σχήσουσιν","gloss":"being dragged"}]},{"number":101,"label":"101","id":"b14-l101","source":"ἀλλʼ ἀποπαπτανέουσιν, ἐρωήσουσι δὲ χάρμης.","translation":"but will keep looking back and withdraw from combat.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l101.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀποπαπτανέουσιν","lemma":"ἀποπαπταίνω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will keep looking back"},{"surface":"ἐρωήσουσι","lemma":"ἐρωέω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will withdraw"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χάρμης","lemma":"χάρμη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐρωήσουσι","gloss":"from combat"}]},{"number":102,"label":"102","id":"b14-l102","source":"ἔνθά κε σὴ βουλὴ δηλήσεται ὄρχαμε λαῶν.","translation":"Then your counsel will destroy us, marshal of the people.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l102.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὄρχαμε λαῶν","title":"Marshal of the people","body":"ὄρχαμος is a leader who heads and orders a body of men. The respectful command-title makes Odysseus's accusation sharper: the army's own marshal is proposing the counsel that will ruin it."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθά","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"σὴ","lemma":"σός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies βουλὴ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"βουλὴ","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δηλήσεται","gloss":"counsel"},{"surface":"δηλήσεται","lemma":"δηλέομαι","morphology":"future medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"destroy us"},{"surface":"ὄρχαμε","lemma":"ὄρχαμος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"marshal"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὄρχαμε","gloss":"of the people"}]},{"number":103,"label":"103","id":"b14-l103","source":"τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων·","translation":"Then Agamemnon, lord of men, answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l103.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄναξ","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":104,"label":"104","id":"b14-l104","source":"ὦ Ὀδυσεῦ μάλα πώς με καθίκεο θυμὸν ἐνιπῇ","translation":"\"Odysseus, you have struck deep into my heart with your rebuke,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l104.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"o"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεῦ","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"πώς","lemma":"πως","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of καθίκεο","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"καθίκεο","lemma":"καθικνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you struck deep","note":"The middle verb is used metaphorically of Odysseus' rebuke reaching painfully into Agamemnon's spirit."},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καθίκεο","gloss":"in the heart"},{"surface":"ἐνιπῇ","lemma":"ἐνιπή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καθίκεο","gloss":"with rebuke"}]},{"number":105,"label":"105","id":"b14-l105","source":"ἀργαλέῃ· ἀτὰρ οὐ μὲν ἐγὼν ἀέκοντας ἄνωγα","translation":"harsh as it is. Yet I do not command the sons of the Achaeans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l105.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀργαλέῃ","lemma":"ἀργαλέος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἐνιπῇ","gloss":"harsh"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἄνωγα","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἀέκοντας","lemma":"ἀέκων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unwilling"},{"surface":"ἄνωγα","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"command"}]},{"number":106,"label":"106","id":"b14-l106","source":"νῆας ἐϋσσέλμους ἅλα δʼ ἑλκέμεν υἷας Ἀχαιῶν.","translation":"against their will to haul the well-benched ships into the sea.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l106.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἑλκέμεν","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"ἐϋσσέλμους","lemma":"εὔσελμος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"well-benched"},{"surface":"ἅλα","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἑλκέμεν","gloss":"into the sea"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἑλκέμεν","lemma":"ἕλκω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἄνωγα","gloss":"to haul"},{"surface":"υἷας","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἑλκέμεν","gloss":"the sons"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷας","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":107,"label":"107","id":"b14-l107","source":"νῦν δʼ εἴη ὃς τῆσδέ γʼ ἀμείνονα μῆτιν ἐνίσποι","translation":"Now let there be someone who can tell a better plan than this,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l107.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let there be"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐνίσποι","gloss":"someone who"},{"surface":"τῆσδέ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀμείνονα","gloss":"than this"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"ἀμείνονα","lemma":"ἀμείνων","morphology":"accusative singular feminine comparative adjective","role":"modifies μῆτιν","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"μῆτιν","lemma":"μῆτις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐνίσποι","gloss":"plan"},{"surface":"ἐνίσποι","lemma":"ἐνέπω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"subject of εἴη","gloss":"might tell"}]},{"number":108,"label":"108","id":"b14-l108","source":"ἢ νέος ἠὲ παλαιός· ἐμοὶ δέ κεν ἀσμένῳ εἴη.","translation":"young or old; I would welcome it.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l108.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"νέος","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἠὲ","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"παλαιός","lemma":"παλαιός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἠὲ","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἴη","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἀσμένῳ","lemma":"ἄσμενος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"welcome"},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it be"}]},{"number":109,"label":"109","id":"b14-l109","source":"τοῖσι δὲ καὶ μετέειπε βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Διομήδης·","translation":"and among them Diomedes, good at the war-cry, spoke:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l109.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Διομήδης","title":"Good at the war-cry","body":"This is Diomedes' standing name-and-epithet unit, marking him as a powerful voice in battle. The entire Greek line repeats Iliad 10.219 and therefore keeps the accepted English verbatim."}],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of μετέειπε","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μετέειπε","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"μετέειπε","lemma":"μετεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"βοὴν","lemma":"βοή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀγαθὸς","gloss":"at the war cry"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὸς","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διομήδης","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"Διομήδης","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μετέειπε","gloss":"Diomedes"}]},{"number":110,"label":"110","id":"b14-l110","source":"ἐγγὺς ἀνήρ· οὐ δηθὰ ματεύσομεν· αἴ κʼ ἐθέλητε","translation":"\"The man is near; we need not seek him long, if you are willing","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l110.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐγγὺς","lemma":"ἐγγύς","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἀνήρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"the man"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δηθὰ","lemma":"δηθά","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ματεύσομεν","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"ματεύσομεν","lemma":"ματεύω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall we seek"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐθέλητε","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 2nd plural verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"you are willing"}]},{"number":111,"label":"111","id":"b14-l111","source":"πείθεσθαι, καὶ μή τι κότῳ ἀγάσησθε ἕκαστος","translation":"to obey, and none of you resents me in anger","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l111.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πείθεσθαι","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλητε","gloss":"to obey"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀγάσησθε","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"κότῳ","lemma":"κότος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀγάσησθε","gloss":"in anger"},{"surface":"ἀγάσησθε","lemma":"ἄγαμαι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 2nd plural verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"you resent me"},{"surface":"ἕκαστος","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"each one"}]},{"number":112,"label":"112","id":"b14-l112","source":"οὕνεκα δὴ γενεῆφι νεώτατός εἰμι μεθʼ ὑμῖν·","translation":"because by birth I am the youngest among you.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l112.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὕνεκα","lemma":"οὕνεκα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γενεῆφι","lemma":"γενεά","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to νεώτατός","gloss":"by birth","note":"The ending -phi is an epic case form here used adverbially: 'in respect of lineage/birth.'"},{"surface":"νεώτατός","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"youngest"},{"surface":"εἰμι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to οὕνεκα","gloss":"I am"},{"surface":"μεθ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ὑμῖν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies μεθ̓","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":113,"label":"113","id":"b14-l113","source":"πατρὸς δʼ ἐξ ἀγαθοῦ καὶ ἐγὼ γένος εὔχομαι εἶναι","translation":"Yet I too claim descent from a noble father,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l113.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a father"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἀγαθοῦ","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατρὸς","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εὔχομαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"γένος","lemma":"γένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"by descent"},{"surface":"εὔχομαι","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"claim"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of εὔχομαι","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":114,"label":"114","id":"b14-l114","source":"Τυδέος, ὃν Θήβῃσι χυτὴ κατὰ γαῖα καλύπτει.","translation":"Tydeus, whom the heaped earth covers at Thebes.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l114.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τυδέος","lemma":"Τυδεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies γένος","gloss":"of Tydeus"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of καλύπτει","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"Θήβῃσι","lemma":"Θῆβαι","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καλύπτει","gloss":"at Thebes"},{"surface":"χυτὴ","lemma":"χυτός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖα","gloss":"heaped"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"γαῖα","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καλύπτει","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"καλύπτει","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Τυδέος","gloss":"covers"}]},{"number":115,"label":"115","id":"b14-l115","source":"πορθεῖ γὰρ τρεῖς παῖδες ἀμύμονες ἐξεγένοντο,","translation":"For Portheus had three blameless sons,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l115.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πορθεῖ","lemma":"Πορθεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξεγένοντο","gloss":"to Portheus"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τρεῖς","lemma":"τρεῖς","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies παῖδες","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"παῖδες","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐξεγένοντο","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"ἀμύμονες","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies παῖδες","gloss":"blameless"},{"surface":"ἐξεγένοντο","lemma":"ἐκγίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were born"}]},{"number":116,"label":"116","id":"b14-l116","source":"οἴκεον δʼ ἐν Πλευρῶνι καὶ αἰπεινῇ Καλυδῶνι","translation":"and two lived in Pleuron and steep Calydon:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l116.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴκεον","lemma":"οἰκέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"two lived"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Πλευρῶνι","lemma":"Πλευρών","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"Pleuron"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰπεινῇ","lemma":"αἰπεινός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Καλυδῶνι","gloss":"steep"},{"surface":"Καλυδῶνι","lemma":"Καλυδών","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"Calydon"}]},{"number":117,"label":"117","id":"b14-l117","source":"Ἄγριος ἠδὲ Μέλας, τρίτατος δʼ ἦν ἱππότα Οἰνεὺς","translation":"Agrius and Melas; the third was Oeneus the horseman,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l117.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἄγριος","lemma":"Ἄγριος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠδὲ","gloss":"Agrius"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μέλας","lemma":"Μέλας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠδὲ","gloss":"Melas"},{"surface":"τρίτατος","lemma":"τρίτατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"the third"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"ἦν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ἱππότα","lemma":"ἱππότης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"horseman"},{"surface":"Οἰνεὺς","lemma":"Οἰνεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Oeneus"}]},{"number":118,"label":"118","id":"b14-l118","source":"πατρὸς ἐμοῖο πατήρ· ἀρετῇ δʼ ἦν ἔξοχος αὐτῶν.","translation":"my father's father, and in valor he surpassed them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l118.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πατήρ","gloss":"father's"},{"surface":"ἐμοῖο","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατρὸς","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"πατήρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἀρετῇ","lemma":"ἀρετή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔξοχος","gloss":"in valor"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἦν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he was"},{"surface":"ἔξοχος","lemma":"ἔξοχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"surpassing"},{"surface":"αὐτῶν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔξοχος","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":119,"label":"119","id":"b14-l119","source":"ἀλλʼ ὃ μὲν αὐτόθι μεῖνε, πατὴρ δʼ ἐμὸς Ἄργεϊ νάσθη","translation":"Oeneus remained there, but my father settled in Argos","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l119.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μεῖνε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"αὐτόθι","lemma":"αὐτόθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μεῖνε","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"μεῖνε","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"remained"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of νάσθη","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"ἐμὸς","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατὴρ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"Ἄργεϊ","lemma":"Ἄργος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of νάσθη","gloss":"in Argos"},{"surface":"νάσθη","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"settled","note":"The passive form is intransitive in context: Tydeus was established or settled in Argos."}]},{"number":120,"label":"120","id":"b14-l120","source":"πλαγχθείς· ὡς γάρ που Ζεὺς ἤθελε καὶ θεοὶ ἄλλοι.","translation":"after his wandering; for so, I think, Zeus and the other gods willed.","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l120.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πλαγχθείς","lemma":"πλάζω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to νάσθη","gloss":"after being driven abroad"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤθελε","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"I think"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ἤθελε","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"willed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"the gods"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":121,"label":"121","id":"b14-l121","source":"Ἀδρήστοιο δʼ ἔγημε θυγατρῶν, ναῖε δὲ δῶμα","translation":"He married one of Adrastus' daughters and lived in a house","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l121.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀδρήστοιο","lemma":"Ἄδρηστος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θυγατρῶν","gloss":"of Adrastus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔγημε","lemma":"γαμέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he married"},{"surface":"θυγατρῶν","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"one of the daughters"},{"surface":"ναῖε","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he lived in"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δῶμα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ναῖε","gloss":"a house"}]},{"number":122,"label":"122","id":"b14-l122","source":"ἀφνειὸν βιότοιο, ἅλις δέ οἱ ἦσαν ἄρουραι","translation":"rich in goods, with abundant fields","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l122.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀφνειὸν","lemma":"ἀφνειός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶμα","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"βιότοιο","lemma":"βίοτος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀφνειὸν","gloss":"in goods"},{"surface":"ἅλις","lemma":"ἅλις","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"in abundance"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἦσαν","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"ἦσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there were"},{"surface":"ἄρουραι","lemma":"ἄρουρα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἦσαν","gloss":"fields"}]},{"number":123,"label":"123","id":"b14-l123","source":"πυροφόροι, πολλοὶ δὲ φυτῶν ἔσαν ὄρχατοι ἀμφίς,","translation":"bearing wheat, and many orchards round about,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l123.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πυροφόροι","lemma":"πυροφόρος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄρουραι","gloss":"wheat-bearing"},{"surface":"πολλοὶ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄρχατοι","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φυτῶν","lemma":"φυτόν","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ὄρχατοι","gloss":"of trees"},{"surface":"ἔσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there were"},{"surface":"ὄρχατοι","lemma":"ὄρχατος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔσαν","gloss":"orchards"},{"surface":"ἀμφίς","lemma":"ἀμφίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσαν","gloss":"round about"}]},{"number":124,"label":"124","id":"b14-l124","source":"πολλὰ δέ οἱ πρόβατʼ ἔσκε· κέκαστο δὲ πάντας Ἀχαιοὺς","translation":"and he had many sheep; with the spear he surpassed","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l124.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies πρόβατ̓","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔσκε","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"πρόβατ","lemma":"πρόβατον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔσκε","gloss":"sheep"},{"surface":"ἔσκε","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there were"},{"surface":"κέκαστο","lemma":"καίνυμαι","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he had surpassed","note":"The pluperfect presents Tydeus' excellence as an established reputation."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοὺς","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὺς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of κέκαστο","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":125,"label":"125","id":"b14-l125","source":"ἐγχείῃ· τὰ δὲ μέλλετʼ ἀκουέμεν, εἰ ἐτεόν περ.","translation":"all the Achaeans. You must have heard whether these things are true.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l125.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐγχείῃ","lemma":"ἐγχείη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κέκαστο","gloss":"with the spear"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἀκουέμεν","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέλλετ","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you must"},{"surface":"ἀκουέμεν","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of μέλλετ̓","gloss":"have heard"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"ἐτεόν","lemma":"ἐτεός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"true"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":126,"label":"126","id":"b14-l126","source":"τὼ οὐκ ἄν με γένος γε κακὸν καὶ ἀνάλκιδα φάντες","translation":"Therefore, calling my birth base and me a coward,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l126.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἄν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"γένος","lemma":"γένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"by birth"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"base"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνάλκιδα","lemma":"ἄναλκις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a coward"},{"surface":"φάντες","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀτιμήσαιτε","gloss":"calling"}]},{"number":127,"label":"127","id":"b14-l127","source":"μῦθον ἀτιμήσαιτε πεφασμένον ὅν κʼ ἐῢ εἴπω.","translation":"you should not dishonor the counsel I declare, if I speak it well.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l127.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀτιμήσαιτε","gloss":"the counsel"},{"surface":"ἀτιμήσαιτε","lemma":"ἀτιμάω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you dishonor","note":"With the modal particle, the optative gives the admonition potential force: you should not reject the counsel on account of my youth."},{"surface":"πεφασμένον","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"perfect passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies μῦθον","gloss":"declared"},{"surface":"ὅν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἴπω","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"I may"},{"surface":"ἐῢ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴπω","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"εἴπω","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing μῦθον","gloss":"speak"}]},{"number":128,"label":"128","id":"b14-l128","source":"δεῦτʼ ἴομεν πόλεμον δὲ καὶ οὐτάμενοί περ ἀνάγκῃ.","translation":"Come, let us go to the battle, wounded though we are, since we must.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l128.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεῦτ","lemma":"δεῦτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"ἴομεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us go"},{"surface":"πόλεμον","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἴομεν","gloss":"to battle"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"οὐτάμενοί","lemma":"οὐτάω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἴομεν","gloss":"wounded"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἀνάγκῃ","lemma":"ἀνάγκη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἴομεν","gloss":"since we must"}]},{"number":129,"label":"129","id":"b14-l129","source":"ἔνθα δʼ ἔπειτʼ αὐτοὶ μὲν ἐχώμεθα δηϊοτῆτος","translation":"Once there, we ourselves shall hold back from the fighting,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l129.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐχώμεθα","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐχώμεθα","gloss":"afterward"},{"surface":"αὐτοὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"we ourselves"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for our part"},{"surface":"ἐχώμεθα","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall hold back","note":"The middle hortatory subjunctive proposes that the wounded leaders keep themselves out of direct combat."},{"surface":"δηϊοτῆτος","lemma":"δηιοτής","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐχώμεθα","gloss":"from the fighting"}]},{"number":130,"label":"130","id":"b14-l130","source":"ἐκ βελέων, μή πού τις ἐφʼ ἕλκεϊ ἕλκος ἄρηται·","translation":"beyond the missiles, lest someone take wound upon wound.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l130.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐφʼ ἕλκεϊ ἕλκος ἄρηται","title":"Wound upon wound","body":"Homer places two forms of ἕλκος, “wound,” together: literally, someone might take a wound on top of a wound. The verbal echo makes the wounded kings' practical limit immediate and bodily."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beyond"},{"surface":"βελέων","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"the missiles"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"πού","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἄρηται","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"ἐφ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ἕλκεϊ","lemma":"ἕλκος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐφ̓","gloss":"a wound"},{"surface":"ἕλκος","lemma":"ἕλκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἄρηται","gloss":"another wound"},{"surface":"ἄρηται","lemma":"αἴρω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μή","gloss":"takes"}]},{"number":131,"label":"131","id":"b14-l131","source":"ἄλλους δʼ ὀτρύνοντες ἐνήσομεν, οἳ τὸ πάρος περ","translation":"But we shall urge and send in the others, those who before now,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l131.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλους","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐνήσομεν","gloss":"the others"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὀτρύνοντες","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐνήσομεν","gloss":"urging"},{"surface":"ἐνήσομεν","lemma":"ἐνίημι","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we shall send in"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"those who"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter article","role":"modifies πάρος","gloss":"the time"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"before now"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"}]},{"number":132,"label":"132","id":"b14-l132","source":"θυμῷ ἦρα φέροντες ἀφεστᾶσʼ οὐδὲ μάχονται.","translation":"indulging their own spirit, have stood apart and will not fight.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l132.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θυμῷ ἦρα φέροντες","title":"Pleasing their own spirit","body":"The idiom ἦρα φέρειν means doing what pleases or gratifies someone. Here the men have been pleasing their own θυμός by staying aloof, so Diomedes proposes shame and encouragement rather than joining combat himself."}],"words":[{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to φέροντες","gloss":"their own spirit"},{"surface":"ἦρα","lemma":"ἤρα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of φέροντες","gloss":"pleasure"},{"surface":"φέροντες","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"indulging","note":"The idiom literally means 'bringing pleasure to the heart': indulging one's own inclination."},{"surface":"ἀφεστᾶσ","lemma":"ἀφίστημι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"have stood apart","note":"The perfect expresses their continuing withdrawal from the fighting line."},{"surface":"μάχονται","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"do not fight"}]},{"number":133,"label":"133","id":"b14-l133","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄρα τοῦ μάλα μὲν κλύον ἠδὲ πίθοντο·","translation":"So he spoke, and they listened closely and obeyed him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l133.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κλύον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κλύον","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"closely"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κλύον","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"listened"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πίθοντο","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"obeyed"}]},{"number":134,"label":"134","id":"b14-l134","source":"βὰν δʼ ἴμεν, ἦρχε δʼ ἄρά σφιν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων.","translation":"They set out, and Agamemnon, lord of men, led them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l134.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βὰν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they set out"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἴμεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to βὰν","gloss":"to go","note":"The infinitive complements the motion verb, an idiom meaning 'they set out to go.'"},{"surface":"ἦρχε","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦρχε","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄναξ","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦρχε","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":135,"label":"135","id":"b14-l135","source":"οὐδʼ ἀλαοσκοπιὴν εἶχε κλυτὸς ἐννοσίγαιος,","translation":"Nor did the famed shaker of earth keep a blind watch,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l135.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κλυτὸς ἐννοσίγαιος","title":"The famed shaker of earth","body":"This established Poseidon title combines κλυτός, “famed,” with an earth-shaking epithet used in place of his name. The ironic ἀλαοσκοπιή says he is not watching blindly: he sees the wounded kings' movement and intervenes."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλαοσκοπιὴν","lemma":"ἀλαοσκοπιά","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἶχε","gloss":"a blind watch"},{"surface":"εἶχε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kept"},{"surface":"κλυτὸς","lemma":"κλυτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐννοσίγαιος","gloss":"famed"},{"surface":"ἐννοσίγαιος","lemma":"Ἐννοσίγαιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἶχε","gloss":"shaker of earth"}]},{"number":136,"label":"136","id":"b14-l136","source":"ἀλλὰ μετʼ αὐτοὺς ἦλθε παλαιῷ φωτὶ ἐοικώς,","translation":"but came among them in the likeness of an old man.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l136.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"αὐτοὺς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to μετ̓","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he came"},{"surface":"παλαιῷ","lemma":"παλαιός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies φωτὶ","gloss":"an old"},{"surface":"φωτὶ","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐοικώς","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἐοικώς","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"resembling","note":"The perfect participle has present force: Poseidon appears in the enduring likeness of an old man."}]},{"number":137,"label":"137","id":"b14-l137","source":"δεξιτερὴν δʼ ἕλε χεῖρʼ Ἀγαμέμνονος Ἀτρεΐδαο,","translation":"He took the right hand of Agamemnon, Atreus' son,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l137.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεξιτερὴν","lemma":"δεξιτερός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χεῖῤ","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἕλε","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he took"},{"surface":"χεῖρ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἕλε","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνονος","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies χεῖῤ","gloss":"of Agamemnon"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδαο","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνονος","gloss":"Atreus' son"}]},{"number":138,"label":"138","id":"b14-l138","source":"καί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"and speaking to him, he addressed him with winged words:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l138.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα","title":"Winged words","body":"The recurring formula pictures spoken words flying from speaker to hearer. This whole line has appeared before with different grammatical objects; the masculine-object form is held to its established wording here."}],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"φωνήσας","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged","note":"Part of the Homeric speech formula 'winged words.'"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":139,"label":"139","id":"b14-l139","source":"Ἀτρεΐδη νῦν δή που Ἀχιλλῆος ὀλοὸν κῆρ","translation":"\"Son of Atreus, now indeed the deadly heart of Achilles","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l139.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδη","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γηθεῖ","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλῆος","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κῆρ","gloss":"of Achilles"},{"surface":"ὀλοὸν","lemma":"ὀλοός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῆρ","gloss":"deadly"},{"surface":"κῆρ","lemma":"κῆρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of γηθεῖ","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":140,"label":"140","id":"b14-l140","source":"γηθεῖ ἐνὶ στήθεσσι φόνον καὶ φύζαν Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"must rejoice within his chest as he watches the slaughter and rout of Achaeans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l140.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γηθεῖ","lemma":"γηθέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rejoices"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"στήθεσσι","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"his chest"},{"surface":"φόνον","lemma":"φόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"the slaughter"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φύζαν","lemma":"φύζα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"rout"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies φύζαν","gloss":"of Achaeans"}]},{"number":141,"label":"141","id":"b14-l141","source":"δερκομένῳ, ἐπεὶ οὔ οἱ ἔνι φρένες οὐδʼ ἠβαιαί.","translation":"since there is no sense in him, not even the least.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l141.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δερκομένῳ","lemma":"δέρκομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as he watches","note":"The dative participle continues the preceding context: the man is incapable of seeing or understanding."},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔνι","gloss":"in him"},{"surface":"ἔνι","lemma":"ἔνειμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"are there"},{"surface":"φρένες","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔνι","gloss":"wits"},{"surface":"ἠβαιαί","lemma":"ἠβαιός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρένες","gloss":"even the least"}]},{"number":142,"label":"142","id":"b14-l142","source":"ἀλλʼ ὃ μὲν ὣς ἀπόλοιτο, θεὸς δέ ἑ σιφλώσειε·","translation":"But may he perish as he is, and may some god maim him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l142.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀπόλοιτο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπόλοιτο","gloss":"as he is"},{"surface":"ἀπόλοιτο","lemma":"ἀπόλλυμι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may he perish","note":"The aorist optative expresses a wish: 'may he perish.'"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of σιφλώσειε","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of σιφλώσειε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"σιφλώσειε","lemma":"σιφλόω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may maim"}]},{"number":143,"label":"143","id":"b14-l143","source":"σοὶ δʼ οὔ πω μάλα πάγχυ θεοὶ μάκαρες κοτέουσιν,","translation":"Yet against you the blessed gods are not wholly angry,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l143.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κοτέουσιν","gloss":"against you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πω","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to κοτέουσιν","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"πάγχυ","lemma":"πάγχυ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κοτέουσιν","gloss":"wholly"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of κοτέουσιν","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"μάκαρες","lemma":"μάκαρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"blessed"},{"surface":"κοτέουσιν","lemma":"κοτέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are angry"}]},{"number":144,"label":"144","id":"b14-l144","source":"ἀλλʼ ἔτι που Τρώων ἡγήτορες ἠδὲ μέδοντες","translation":"for still the leaders and rulers of the Trojans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l144.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κονίσουσιν","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies ἡγήτορες","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἡγήτορες","lemma":"ἡγήτωρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠδὲ","gloss":"leaders"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέδοντες","lemma":"μέδων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠδὲ","gloss":"rulers"}]},{"number":145,"label":"145","id":"b14-l145","source":"εὐρὺ κονίσουσιν πεδίον, σὺ δʼ ἐπόψεαι αὐτὸς","translation":"will cover the broad plain with dust, and you yourself will see them","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l145.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὐρὺ","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πεδίον","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"κονίσουσιν","lemma":"κονίω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will cover with dust"},{"surface":"πεδίον","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κονίσουσιν","gloss":"plain"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπόψεαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπόψεαι","lemma":"ἐφοράω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will see","note":"The future middle has active sense here: 'you will see for yourself.'"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yourself"}]},{"number":146,"label":"146","id":"b14-l146","source":"φεύγοντας προτὶ ἄστυ νεῶν ἄπο καὶ κλισιάων.","translation":"fleeing toward the city, away from the ships and huts.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l146.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φεύγοντας","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of ἐπόψεαι","gloss":"fleeing"},{"surface":"προτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of προτὶ","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"νεῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἄπο","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"away from"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κλισιάων","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"huts"}]},{"number":147,"label":"147","id":"b14-l147","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν μέγʼ ἄϋσεν ἐπεσσύμενος πεδίοιο.","translation":"So he spoke, then shouted mightily as he rushed across the plain—","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l147.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἄϋσεν","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"μέγ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἄϋσεν","gloss":"mightily"},{"surface":"ἄϋσεν","lemma":"αὔω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shouted"},{"surface":"ἐπεσσύμενος","lemma":"ἐπισεύω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἄϋσεν","gloss":"rushing"},{"surface":"πεδίοιο","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπεσσύμενος","gloss":"across the plain","note":"An epic genitive used with the motion participle: he rushes over or across the plain."}]},{"number":148,"label":"148","id":"b14-l148","source":"ὅσσόν τʼ ἐννεάχιλοι ἐπίαχον ἢ δεκάχιλοι","translation":"as loudly as nine thousand or ten thousand","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l148.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὅσσόν τʼ ἐννεάχιλοι ἐπίαχον ἢ δεκάχιλοι","title":"As loud ... so great","body":"The comparison begins with ὅσσον here and is completed by τόσσην in line 150: as loud as thousands of men, so great was Poseidon's voice. This opening line repeats Iliad 5.860 exactly and keeps the accepted English wording."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὅσσόν","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπίαχον","gloss":"as loudly as"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐννεάχιλοι","lemma":"ἐννεάχιλοι","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἢ","gloss":"nine thousand"},{"surface":"ἐπίαχον","lemma":"ἐπιάχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to τόσσην","gloss":"shouted"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"δεκάχιλοι","lemma":"δεκάχιλοι","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἢ","gloss":"ten thousand"}]},{"number":149,"label":"149","id":"b14-l149","source":"ἀνέρες ἐν πολέμῳ ἔριδα ξυνάγοντες Ἄρηος,","translation":"men cry out in war as they join the strife of Ares,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l149.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνέρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπίαχον","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πολέμῳ","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"ἔριδα","lemma":"ἔρις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ξυνάγοντες","gloss":"strife"},{"surface":"ξυνάγοντες","lemma":"συνάγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπίαχον","gloss":"joining"},{"surface":"Ἄρηος","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἔριδα","gloss":"of Ares"}]},{"number":150,"label":"150","id":"b14-l150","source":"τόσσην ἐκ στήθεσφιν ὄπα κρείων ἐνοσίχθων","translation":"so great a voice the lord Earth-shaker sent from his chest;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l150.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κρείων ἐνοσίχθων","title":"The lord Earth-shaker","body":"κρείων adds the ruling title “lord” to Poseidon's earth-shaking epithet. Its fixed wording distinguishes this unit from the different κλυτὸς ἐννοσίγαιος, “the famed shaker of earth,” at line 135."}],"words":[{"surface":"τόσσην","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὄπα","gloss":"so great"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"στήθεσφιν","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"his chest","note":"The special epic case ending functions here with the preposition as 'from his chest.'"},{"surface":"ὄπα","lemma":"ὄψ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἧκεν","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"κρείων","lemma":"κρείων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐνοσίχθων","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ἐνοσίχθων","lemma":"Ἐνοσίχθων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἧκεν","gloss":"Earth-shaker"}]},{"number":151,"label":"151","id":"b14-l151","source":"ἧκεν· Ἀχαιοῖσιν δὲ μέγα σθένος ἔμβαλʼ ἑκάστῳ","translation":"and he cast great strength into every Achaean's","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l151.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἧκεν","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent forth"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοῖσιν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἔμβαλ̓","gloss":"into the Achaeans"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σθένος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"σθένος","lemma":"σθένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔμβαλ̓","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"ἔμβαλ","lemma":"ἐμβάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"ἑκάστῳ","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔμβαλ̓","gloss":"each one"}]},{"number":152,"label":"152","id":"b14-l152","source":"καρδίῃ, ἄληκτον πολεμίζειν ἠδὲ μάχεσθαι.","translation":"heart, to war and fight without ceasing.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l152.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καρδίῃ","lemma":"καρδία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔμβαλ̓","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἄληκτον","lemma":"ἄληκτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to πολεμίζειν","gloss":"unceasingly"},{"surface":"πολεμίζειν","lemma":"πολεμίζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"to wage war"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":153,"label":"153","id":"b14-l153","source":"Ἥρη δʼ εἰσεῖδε χρυσόθρονος ὀφθαλμοῖσι","translation":"Golden-throned Hera looked down with her eyes,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l153.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"χρυσόθρονος","title":"Golden-throned Hera","body":"The compound joins χρυσός, \"gold,\" to θρόνος, \"throne.\" Homer keeps this title distinct from Hera's white-armed and ox-eyed formulas."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of εἰσεῖδε","gloss":"Hera"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἰσεῖδε","lemma":"εἰσοράω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"looked down"},{"surface":"χρυσόθρονος","lemma":"χρυσόθρονος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"golden-throned"},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμοῖσι","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to εἰσεῖδε","gloss":"with her eyes"}]},{"number":154,"label":"154","id":"b14-l154","source":"στᾶσʼ ἐξ Οὐλύμποιο ἀπὸ ῥίου· αὐτίκα δʼ ἔγνω","translation":"standing on a ridge of Olympus; at once she knew","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l154.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στᾶσ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to εἰσεῖδε","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Οὐλύμποιο","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐξ","gloss":"Olympus"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ῥίου","lemma":"ῥίον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπὸ","gloss":"a ridge"},{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔγνω","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔγνω","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"recognized"}]},{"number":155,"label":"155","id":"b14-l155","source":"τὸν μὲν ποιπνύοντα μάχην ἀνὰ κυδιάνειραν","translation":"the one who ranged so swiftly through man-glorifying battle,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l155.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"ποιπνύοντα","lemma":"ποιπνύω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"ranging swiftly"},{"surface":"μάχην","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀνὰ","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"κυδιάνειραν","lemma":"κυδιάνειρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies μάχην","gloss":"man-glorifying"}]},{"number":156,"label":"156","id":"b14-l156","source":"αὐτοκασίγνητον καὶ δαέρα, χαῖρε δὲ θυμῷ·","translation":"her own brother and her husband's brother, and her heart rejoiced.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l156.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτοκασίγνητον","lemma":"αὐτοκασίγνητος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"her own brother"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δαέρα","lemma":"δαήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"husband's brother"},{"surface":"χαῖρε","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rejoiced"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to χαῖρε","gloss":"in her heart"}]},{"number":157,"label":"157","id":"b14-l157","source":"Ζῆνα δʼ ἐπʼ ἀκροτάτης κορυφῆς πολυπίδακος Ἴδης","translation":"But Zeus she saw seated on the highest crest","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l157.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζῆνα","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἰσεῖδε","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ἀκροτάτης","lemma":"ἄκρος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine superlative adjective","role":"modifies κορυφῆς","gloss":"highest"},{"surface":"κορυφῆς","lemma":"κορυφή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπ̓","gloss":"crest"},{"surface":"πολυπίδακος","lemma":"πολυπῖδαξ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἴδης","gloss":"many-fountained"},{"surface":"Ἴδης","lemma":"Ἴδη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies κορυφῆς","gloss":"of Ida"}]},{"number":158,"label":"158","id":"b14-l158","source":"ἥμενον εἰσεῖδε, στυγερὸς δέ οἱ ἔπλετο θυμῷ.","translation":"of many-fountained Ida, and he was hateful to her heart.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l158.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥμενον","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"εἰσεῖδε","lemma":"εἰσοράω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she saw"},{"surface":"στυγερὸς","lemma":"στυγερός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"hateful"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔπλετο","gloss":"to her"},{"surface":"ἔπλετο","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he was"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔπλετο","gloss":"in her heart"}]},{"number":159,"label":"159","id":"b14-l159","source":"μερμήριξε δʼ ἔπειτα βοῶπις πότνια Ἥρη","translation":"Then ox-eyed queenly Hera pondered","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l159.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"βοῶπις πότνια Ἥρη","title":"Ox-eyed queenly Hera","body":"This is one of Hera's fixed Homeric titles. βοῶπις evokes the large, commanding eyes admired in epic diction, while πότνια marks her as a queenly mistress."}],"words":[{"surface":"μερμήριξε","lemma":"μερμηρίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pondered"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"βοῶπις","lemma":"βοῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"ox-eyed"},{"surface":"πότνια","lemma":"πότνια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"queenly"},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of μερμήριξε","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":160,"label":"160","id":"b14-l160","source":"ὅππως ἐξαπάφοιτο Διὸς νόον αἰγιόχοιο·","translation":"how she might deceive the mind of aegis-bearing Zeus.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l160.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅππως","lemma":"ὅπως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐξαπάφοιτο","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"ἐξαπάφοιτο","lemma":"ἐξαπαφίσκω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of μερμήριξε","gloss":"she might deceive"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies νόον","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"νόον","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξαπάφοιτο","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"αἰγιόχοιο","lemma":"αἰγίοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"aegis-bearing"}]},{"number":161,"label":"161","id":"b14-l161","source":"ἥδε δέ οἱ κατὰ θυμὸν ἀρίστη φαίνετο βουλὴ","translation":"And this seemed the best counsel to her spirit:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l161.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies βουλὴ","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to φαίνετο","gloss":"to her"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"her heart"},{"surface":"ἀρίστη","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine superlative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"φαίνετο","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"βουλὴ","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"plan"}]},{"number":162,"label":"162","id":"b14-l162","source":"ἐλθεῖν εἰς Ἴδην εὖ ἐντύνασαν ἓ αὐτήν,","translation":"to go to Ida after carefully adorning herself,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l162.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐλθεῖν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ἴδην","lemma":"Ἴδη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"Ida"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐντύνασαν","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"ἐντύνασαν","lemma":"ἐντύνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἐλθεῖν","gloss":"having adorned","note":"The accusative participle agrees with the understood reflexive subject of the infinitive."},{"surface":"ἓ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐλθεῖν","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"αὐτήν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"personally"}]},{"number":163,"label":"163","id":"b14-l163","source":"εἴ πως ἱμείραιτο παραδραθέειν φιλότητι","translation":"in case he might desire to lie beside her in love","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l163.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"εἴ πως ἱμείραιτο","title":"A hoped-for possibility","body":"The optative ἱμείραιτο presents the outcome Hera hopes might occur: that Zeus may desire her. εἴ πως makes the plan tentative, \"in case somehow.\""}],"words":[{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"in case"},{"surface":"πως","lemma":"πως","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"ἱμείραιτο","lemma":"ἱμείρω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"he might desire","note":"The optative after the tentative condition presents Hera's hoped-for possibility."},{"surface":"παραδραθέειν","lemma":"παραδαρθάνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἱμείραιτο","gloss":"to lie beside"},{"surface":"φιλότητι","lemma":"φιλότης","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παραδραθέειν","gloss":"in love"}]},{"number":164,"label":"164","id":"b14-l164","source":"ᾗ χροιῇ, τῷ δʼ ὕπνον ἀπήμονά τε λιαρόν τε","translation":"against her body, and she might pour harmless, warm sleep","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l164.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ᾗ","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χροιῇ","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"χροιῇ","lemma":"χροιά","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of παραδραθέειν","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to χεύῃ","gloss":"upon him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὕπνον","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of χεύῃ","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"ἀπήμονά","lemma":"ἀπήμων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"harmless"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"λιαρόν","lemma":"λιαρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"warm"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":165,"label":"165","id":"b14-l165","source":"χεύῃ ἐπὶ βλεφάροισιν ἰδὲ φρεσὶ πευκαλίμῃσι.","translation":"over his eyelids and his shrewd mind.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l165.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χεύῃ","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"she might pour","note":"The subjunctive completes Hera's prospective scheme: she may pour sleep upon Zeus."},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"βλεφάροισιν","lemma":"βλέφαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἰδὲ","gloss":"eyelids"},{"surface":"ἰδὲ","lemma":"ἰδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἰδὲ","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"πευκαλίμῃσι","lemma":"πευκάλιμος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρεσὶ","gloss":"shrewd"}]},{"number":166,"label":"166","id":"b14-l166","source":"βῆ δʼ ἴμεν ἐς θάλαμον, τόν οἱ φίλος υἱὸς ἔτευξεν","translation":"She went to the chamber her dear son had built for her,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l166.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she went","note":"A common epic formula pairs a finite motion verb with an infinitive: literally 'she went to go.'"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἴμεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"θάλαμον","lemma":"θάλαμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"chamber"},{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔτευξεν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔτευξεν","gloss":"for her"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἔτευξεν","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing θάλαμον","gloss":"built"}]},{"number":167,"label":"167","id":"b14-l167","source":"Ἥφαιστος, πυκινὰς δὲ θύρας σταθμοῖσιν ἐπῆρσε","translation":"Hephaestus, who fitted close-set doors against the posts","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l167.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἥφαιστος","lemma":"Ἥφαιστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Hephaestus"},{"surface":"πυκινὰς","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies θύρας","gloss":"close-fitting"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θύρας","lemma":"θύρα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπῆρσε","gloss":"doors"},{"surface":"σταθμοῖσιν","lemma":"σταθμός","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπῆρσε","gloss":"to the posts"},{"surface":"ἐπῆρσε","lemma":"ἐπαραρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fitted"}]},{"number":168,"label":"168","id":"b14-l168","source":"κληῗδι κρυπτῇ, τὴν δʼ οὐ θεὸς ἄλλος ἀνῷγεν·","translation":"with a hidden bolt that no other god could open.","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l168.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κληῗδι κρυπτῇ","title":"A hidden fastening","body":"κληΐς can be a key, bolt, or bar. Here the dative phrase names the concealed fastening that makes Hera's chamber private even from the gods."}],"words":[{"surface":"κληῗδι","lemma":"κλείς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπῆρσε","gloss":"with a bolt"},{"surface":"κρυπτῇ","lemma":"κρυπτός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κληῗδι","gloss":"hidden"},{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἀνῷγεν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνῷγεν","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεὸς","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"ἀνῷγεν","lemma":"ἀνοίγνυμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"could open","note":"The imperfect is modal in context: no other god was able to open it."}]},{"number":169,"label":"169","id":"b14-l169","source":"ἔνθʼ ἥ γʼ εἰσελθοῦσα θύρας ἐπέθηκε φαεινάς.","translation":"She went inside and closed the shining doors.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l169.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of εἰσελθοῦσα","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπέθηκε","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"εἰσελθοῦσα","lemma":"εἰσέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἐπέθηκε","gloss":"having entered"},{"surface":"θύρας","lemma":"θύρα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπέθηκε","gloss":"doors"},{"surface":"ἐπέθηκε","lemma":"ἐπιτίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"closed"},{"surface":"φαεινάς","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies θύρας","gloss":"shining"}]},{"number":170,"label":"170","id":"b14-l170","source":"ἀμβροσίῃ μὲν πρῶτον ἀπὸ χροὸς ἱμερόεντος","translation":"First with ambrosia she cleansed from her lovely skin","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l170.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμβροσίῃ","lemma":"ἀμβροσίη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κάθηρεν","gloss":"with ambrosia"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"πρῶτον","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter superlative adjective","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"χροὸς","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"skin"},{"surface":"ἱμερόεντος","lemma":"ἱμερόεις","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χροὸς","gloss":"lovely"}]},{"number":171,"label":"171","id":"b14-l171","source":"λύματα πάντα κάθηρεν, ἀλείψατο δὲ λίπʼ ἐλαίῳ","translation":"every stain, then richly anointed herself with oil,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l171.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λύματα","lemma":"λῦμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of κάθηρεν","gloss":"stains"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies λύματα","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"κάθηρεν","lemma":"καθαίρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cleansed"},{"surface":"ἀλείψατο","lemma":"ἀλείφω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"anointed herself","note":"The middle voice marks Hera acting on herself: she anointed her own body."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"λίπ","lemma":"λίπα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀλείψατο","gloss":"richly"},{"surface":"ἐλαίῳ","lemma":"ἔλαιον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀλείψατο","gloss":"with oil"}]},{"number":172,"label":"172","id":"b14-l172","source":"ἀμβροσίῳ ἑδανῷ, τό ῥά οἱ τεθυωμένον ἦεν·","translation":"ambrosial and sweet, which was perfumed for her.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l172.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμβροσίῳ","lemma":"ἀμβρόσιος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἐλαίῳ","gloss":"ambrosial"},{"surface":"ἑδανῷ","lemma":"ἑδανός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἐλαίῳ","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"τό","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἦεν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἦεν","gloss":"for her"},{"surface":"τεθυωμένον","lemma":"θυόω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"perfumed","note":"The perfect participle describes the oil's resulting state: it stood perfumed."},{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἐλαίῳ","gloss":"was"}]},{"number":173,"label":"173","id":"b14-l173","source":"τοῦ καὶ κινυμένοιο Διὸς κατὰ χαλκοβατὲς δῶ","translation":"Even when it was stirred in Zeus's bronze-floored hall,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l173.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τοῦ καὶ κινυμένοιο","title":"Genitive absolute","body":"The oil stands in the genitive with the participle κινυμένοιο, forming a genitive absolute: \"even when it was stirred.\" The construction supplies the circumstance for the scent described next."}],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of κινυμένοιο","gloss":"of it"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"κινυμένοιο","lemma":"κίνυμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular neuter","role":"adverbial to ἵκετ̓","gloss":"being stirred"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δῶ","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"χαλκοβατὲς","lemma":"χαλκοβατής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶ","gloss":"bronze-floored"},{"surface":"δῶ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"hall"}]},{"number":174,"label":"174","id":"b14-l174","source":"ἔμπης ἐς γαῖάν τε καὶ οὐρανὸν ἵκετʼ ἀϋτμή.","translation":"even so, its fragrance reached earth and heaven.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l174.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔμπης","lemma":"ἔμπας","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵκετ̓","gloss":"even so"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"γαῖάν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐρανὸν","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"ἵκετ","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"ἀϋτμή","lemma":"ἀυτμή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἵκετ̓","gloss":"fragrance"}]},{"number":175,"label":"175","id":"b14-l175","source":"τῷ ῥʼ ἥ γε χρόα καλὸν ἀλειψαμένη ἰδὲ χαίτας","translation":"With this she anointed her fair skin, and then her hair,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l175.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἀλειψαμένη","gloss":"with it"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔπλεξε","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"χρόα","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀλειψαμένη","gloss":"skin"},{"surface":"καλὸν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χρόα","gloss":"fair"},{"surface":"ἀλειψαμένη","lemma":"ἀλείφω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἰδὲ","gloss":"having anointed"},{"surface":"ἰδὲ","lemma":"ἰδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χαίτας","lemma":"χαίτη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of πεξαμένη","gloss":"hair"}]},{"number":176,"label":"176","id":"b14-l176","source":"πεξαμένη χερσὶ πλοκάμους ἔπλεξε φαεινοὺς","translation":"combing it with her hands, she braided shining locks,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l176.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πεξαμένη","lemma":"πέκω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἰδὲ","gloss":"having combed"},{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔπλεξε","gloss":"with her hands"},{"surface":"πλοκάμους","lemma":"πλόκαμος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔπλεξε","gloss":"locks"},{"surface":"ἔπλεξε","lemma":"πλέκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"braided"},{"surface":"φαεινοὺς","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πλοκάμους","gloss":"shining"}]},{"number":177,"label":"177","id":"b14-l177","source":"καλοὺς ἀμβροσίους ἐκ κράατος ἀθανάτοιο.","translation":"beautiful and ambrosial, from her deathless head.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l177.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καλοὺς","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πλοκάμους","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"ἀμβροσίους","lemma":"ἀμβρόσιος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πλοκάμους","gloss":"ambrosial"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"κράατος","lemma":"κράς","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐκ","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοιο","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κράατος","gloss":"deathless"}]},{"number":178,"label":"178","id":"b14-l178","source":"ἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρʼ ἀμβρόσιον ἑανὸν ἕσαθʼ, ὅν οἱ Ἀθήνη","translation":"Around her she put the ambrosial robe Athena","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l178.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around herself"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀμβρόσιον","lemma":"ἀμβρόσιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑανὸν","gloss":"ambrosial"},{"surface":"ἑανὸν","lemma":"ἑανός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕσαθ̓","gloss":"robe"},{"surface":"ἕσαθ","lemma":"ἕννυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put on","note":"The aorist middle expresses dressing herself in the robe."},{"surface":"ὅν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔξυσ̓","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔξυσ̓","gloss":"for her"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔξυσ̓","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":179,"label":"179","id":"b14-l179","source":"ἔξυσʼ ἀσκήσασα, τίθει δʼ ἐνὶ δαίδαλα πολλά·","translation":"had smoothed with skill and filled with many cunning designs;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l179.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔξυσ","lemma":"ξύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"smoothed"},{"surface":"ἀσκήσασα","lemma":"ἀσκέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἔξυσ̓","gloss":"with skill"},{"surface":"τίθει","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"placed"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"δαίδαλα","lemma":"δαίδαλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τίθει","gloss":"designs"},{"surface":"πολλά","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δαίδαλα","gloss":"many"}]},{"number":180,"label":"180","id":"b14-l180","source":"χρυσείῃς δʼ ἐνετῇσι κατὰ στῆθος περονᾶτο.","translation":"with golden pins she clasped it across her breast.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l180.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χρυσείῃς","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἐνετῇσι","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνετῇσι","lemma":"ἐνετή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to περονᾶτο","gloss":"with pins"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"across"},{"surface":"στῆθος","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"περονᾶτο","lemma":"περονάω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"clasped it on"}]},{"number":181,"label":"181","id":"b14-l181","source":"ζώσατο δὲ ζώνῃ ἑκατὸν θυσάνοις ἀραρυίῃ,","translation":"She girdled herself with a belt fitted with a hundred tassels,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l181.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἑκατὸν θυσάνοις","title":"A hundred tassels","body":"θύσανοι are hanging tassels or fringes. The extravagant hundred-fold fringe turns the belt into a piece of divine ceremonial dress."}],"words":[{"surface":"ζώσατο","lemma":"ζώννυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"girded herself"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ζώνῃ","lemma":"ζώνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ζώσατο","gloss":"with a belt"},{"surface":"ἑκατὸν","lemma":"ἑκατόν","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies θυσάνοις","gloss":"a hundred"},{"surface":"θυσάνοις","lemma":"θύσανος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀραρυίῃ","gloss":"tassels"},{"surface":"ἀραρυίῃ","lemma":"ἀραρίσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, dative singular feminine","role":"modifies ζώνῃ","gloss":"fitted","note":"The perfect participle emphasizes the belt's fitted, completed workmanship."}]},{"number":182,"label":"182","id":"b14-l182","source":"ἐν δʼ ἄρα ἕρματα ἧκεν ἐϋτρήτοισι λοβοῖσι","translation":"and set earrings in her finely pierced lobes,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l182.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἕρματα","lemma":"ἕρμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἧκεν","gloss":"earrings"},{"surface":"ἧκεν","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"ἐϋτρήτοισι","lemma":"εὔτρητος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies λοβοῖσι","gloss":"finely pierced"},{"surface":"λοβοῖσι","lemma":"λοβός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἧκεν","gloss":"lobes"}]},{"number":183,"label":"183","id":"b14-l183","source":"τρίγληνα μορόεντα· χάρις δʼ ἀπελάμπετο πολλή.","translation":"three-clustered, berry-bright; abundant grace shone from them.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l183.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"τρίγληνα μορόεντα","title":"Clustered earrings","body":"τρίγληνα describes the earrings as having three rounded elements. μορόεντα is rare and probably likens their dark gleam or shape to mulberries."}],"words":[{"surface":"τρίγληνα","lemma":"τρίγληνος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἕρματα","gloss":"three-clustered"},{"surface":"μορόεντα","lemma":"μορόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἕρματα","gloss":"berry-bright"},{"surface":"χάρις","lemma":"χάρις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀπελάμπετο","gloss":"grace"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπελάμπετο","lemma":"ἀπολάμπω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shone forth"},{"surface":"πολλή","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χάρις","gloss":"abundant"}]},{"number":184,"label":"184","id":"b14-l184","source":"κρηδέμνῳ δʼ ἐφύπερθε καλύψατο δῖα θεάων","translation":"Over all, the shining one among goddesses veiled herself,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l184.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κρηδέμνῳ","lemma":"κρήδεμνον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καλύψατο","gloss":"with a veil"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐφύπερθε","lemma":"ἐφύπερθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καλύψατο","gloss":"over all"},{"surface":"καλύψατο","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"veiled herself"},{"surface":"δῖα","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"subject of καλύψατο","gloss":"radiant"},{"surface":"θεάων","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies δῖα","gloss":"among goddesses"}]},{"number":185,"label":"185","id":"b14-l185","source":"καλῷ νηγατέῳ· λευκὸν δʼ ἦν ἠέλιος ὥς·","translation":"lovely and freshly made; it was white as the sun.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l185.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καλῷ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κρηδέμνῳ","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"νηγατέῳ","lemma":"νηγάτεος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κρηδέμνῳ","gloss":"new-made"},{"surface":"λευκὸν","lemma":"λευκός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἦν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ἠέλιος","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"the sun"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"}]},{"number":186,"label":"186","id":"b14-l186","source":"ποσσὶ δʼ ὑπὸ λιπαροῖσιν ἐδήσατο καλὰ πέδιλα.","translation":"beneath her glistening feet she bound fair sandals,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l186.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ποσσὶ","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"λιπαροῖσιν","lemma":"λιπαρός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποσσὶ","gloss":"glistening"},{"surface":"ἐδήσατο","lemma":"δέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bound on herself"},{"surface":"καλὰ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies πέδιλα","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"πέδιλα","lemma":"πέδιλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐδήσατο","gloss":"sandals"}]},{"number":187,"label":"187","id":"b14-l187","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ πάντα περὶ χροῒ θήκατο κόσμον","translation":"and when she had set every adornment about her body,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l187.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but when"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κόσμον","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"χροῒ","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of θήκατο","gloss":"her body"},{"surface":"θήκατο","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"had placed"},{"surface":"κόσμον","lemma":"κόσμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of θήκατο","gloss":"adornment"}]},{"number":188,"label":"188","id":"b14-l188","source":"βῆ ῥʼ ἴμεν ἐκ θαλάμοιο, καλεσσαμένη δʼ Ἀφροδίτην","translation":"she left the chamber, called Aphrodite aside","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l188.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she went"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἴμεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"θαλάμοιο","lemma":"θάλαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"chamber"},{"surface":"καλεσσαμένη","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἔειπε","gloss":"having called aside"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀφροδίτην","lemma":"Ἀφροδίτη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καλεσσαμένη","gloss":"Aphrodite"}]},{"number":189,"label":"189","id":"b14-l189","source":"τῶν ἄλλων ἀπάνευθε θεῶν πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπε·","translation":"from all the other gods, and spoke these words:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l189.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine article","role":"modifies θεῶν","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεῶν","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"ἀπάνευθε","lemma":"ἀπάνευθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"apart from"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπάνευθε","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔειπε","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"ἔειπε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":190,"label":"190","id":"b14-l190","source":"ἦ ῥά νύ μοί τι πίθοιο φίλον τέκος ὅττί κεν εἴπω,","translation":"\"Dear child, would you perhaps comply with what I ask,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l190.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πίθοιο","title":"A cautious optative","body":"The optative πίθοιο makes Hera's question less direct: \"would you perhaps comply?\" Her cautious grammar suits a request whose true purpose she is hiding."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μοί","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of πίθοιο","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to πίθοιο","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"πίθοιο","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would you comply","note":"The optative makes the request tentative and courteous: 'would you comply?'"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέκος","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"τέκος","lemma":"τέκος","morphology":"vocative singular neuter noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"ὅττί","lemma":"ὅστις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of εἴπω","gloss":"whatever"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"might"},{"surface":"εἴπω","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to πίθοιο","gloss":"I say","note":"The subjunctive with the modal particle gives an indefinite relative sense: 'whatever I may say.'"}]},{"number":191,"label":"191","id":"b14-l191","source":"ἦέ κεν ἀρνήσαιο κοτεσσαμένη τό γε θυμῷ,","translation":"or would you refuse, angry in your heart,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l191.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦέ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"might"},{"surface":"ἀρνήσαιο","lemma":"ἀρνέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would you refuse"},{"surface":"κοτεσσαμένη","lemma":"κοτέω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἀρνήσαιο","gloss":"being angry"},{"surface":"τό","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to κοτεσσαμένη","gloss":"at this"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κοτεσσαμένη","gloss":"in your heart"}]},{"number":192,"label":"192","id":"b14-l192","source":"οὕνεκʼ ἐγὼ Δαναοῖσι, σὺ δὲ Τρώεσσιν ἀρήγεις;","translation":"because I aid the Danaans, while you aid the Trojans?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l192.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὕνεκ","lemma":"οὕνεκα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"Δαναοῖσι","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"the Danaans"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀρήγεις","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσιν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀρήγεις","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἀρήγεις","lemma":"ἀρήγω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"aid"}]},{"number":193,"label":"193","id":"b14-l193","source":"τὴν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα Διὸς θυγάτηρ Ἀφροδίτη·","translation":"Then Aphrodite, daughter of Zeus, answered her:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l193.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Διὸς θυγάτηρ Ἀφροδίτη","title":"Aphrodite, daughter of Zeus","body":"The patronymic formula names Aphrodite through Zeus. Homeric traditions differ about her birth, but this passage follows the genealogy in which Zeus is her father."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θυγάτηρ","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"θυγάτηρ","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"Ἀφροδίτη","lemma":"Ἀφροδίτη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Aphrodite"}]},{"number":194,"label":"194","id":"b14-l194","source":"Ἥρη πρέσβα θεὰ θύγατερ μεγάλοιο Κρόνοιο","translation":"\"Hera, august goddess, daughter of great Cronos,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l194.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Hera"},{"surface":"πρέσβα","lemma":"πρέσβα","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies θεὰ","gloss":"august"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"θύγατερ","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"μεγάλοιο","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Κρόνοιο","gloss":"of great"},{"surface":"Κρόνοιο","lemma":"Κρόνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θύγατερ","gloss":"Cronos"}]},{"number":195,"label":"195","id":"b14-l195","source":"αὔδα ὅ τι φρονέεις· τελέσαι δέ με θυμὸς ἄνωγεν,","translation":"say what you have in mind; my heart urges me to fulfill it,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l195.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of φρονέεις","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"φρονέεις","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of αὔδα","gloss":"you intend"},{"surface":"τελέσαι","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἄνωγεν","gloss":"to fulfill"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἄνωγεν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄνωγεν","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἄνωγεν","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urges","note":"This perfect has present force: her heart is urging her now."}]},{"number":196,"label":"196","id":"b14-l196","source":"εἰ δύναμαι τελέσαι γε καὶ εἰ τετελεσμένον ἐστίν.","translation":"if I can fulfill it, and if it can be done.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l196.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δύναμαι","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"I can"},{"surface":"τελέσαι","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δύναμαι","gloss":"to fulfill"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"τετελεσμένον","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"accomplishable","note":"The perfect passive participle with 'is' stresses whether the task stands capable of accomplishment."},{"surface":"ἐστίν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"it is"}]},{"number":197,"label":"197","id":"b14-l197","source":"τὴν δὲ δολοφρονέουσα προσηύδα πότνια Ἥρη·","translation":"Then queenly Hera, plotting guile, addressed her:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l197.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δολοφρονέουσα","lemma":"δολοφρονέων","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"plotting guile"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"πότνια","lemma":"πότνια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"queenly"},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of προσηύδα","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":198,"label":"198","id":"b14-l198","source":"δὸς νῦν μοι φιλότητα καὶ ἵμερον, ᾧ τε σὺ πάντας","translation":"\"Give me now the love and desire by which you master","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l198.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"φιλότητα καὶ ἵμερον","title":"Love and desire","body":"φιλότης is intimate union or affection, while ἵμερος is longing or desire. Hera asks for both the bond and the appetite that Aphrodite commands."}],"words":[{"surface":"δὸς","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δὸς","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of δὸς","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"φιλότητα","lemma":"φιλότης","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"love"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵμερον","lemma":"ἵμερος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"desire"},{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to δαμνᾷ","gloss":"by which"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of δαμνᾷ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀθανάτους","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":199,"label":"199","id":"b14-l199","source":"δαμνᾷ ἀθανάτους ἠδὲ θνητοὺς ἀνθρώπους.","translation":"all the immortals and mortal human beings.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l199.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δαμνᾷ","lemma":"δαμνάω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἵμερον","gloss":"subdue"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτους","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"immortals"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θνητοὺς","lemma":"θνητός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνθρώπους","gloss":"mortal"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπους","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"humans"}]},{"number":200,"label":"200","id":"b14-l200","source":"εἶμι γὰρ ὀψομένη πολυφόρβου πείρατα γαίης,","translation":"For I am going to visit the bounds of the bountiful earth,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l200.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἶμι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I am going"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ὀψομένη","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"future middle participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to εἶμι","gloss":"to visit","note":"The future middle participle expresses purpose with a motion verb: 'I am going in order to visit.'"},{"surface":"πολυφόρβου","lemma":"πολύφορβος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαίης","gloss":"bountiful"},{"surface":"πείρατα","lemma":"πεῖραρ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"bounds"},{"surface":"γαίης","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies πείρατα","gloss":"of earth"}]},{"number":201,"label":"201","id":"b14-l201","source":"Ὠκεανόν τε θεῶν γένεσιν καὶ μητέρα Τηθύν,","translation":"Oceanus, source of the gods, and mother Tethys,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l201.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ὠκεανόν","lemma":"Ὠκεανός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Oceanus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies γένεσιν","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"γένεσιν","lemma":"γένεσις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"source"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μητέρα","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Τηθύν","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"Τηθύν","lemma":"Τηθύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Tethys"}]},{"number":202,"label":"202","id":"b14-l202","source":"οἵ μʼ ἐν σφοῖσι δόμοισιν ἐῢ τρέφον ἠδʼ ἀτίταλλον","translation":"who in their own halls reared and cherished me well,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l202.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἠδ̓","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἠδ̓","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"σφοῖσι","lemma":"σφός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies δόμοισιν","gloss":"their own"},{"surface":"δόμοισιν","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"ἐῢ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τρέφον","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"τρέφον","lemma":"τρέφω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδ̓","gloss":"reared"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀτίταλλον","lemma":"ἀτιτάλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδ̓","gloss":"cherished"}]},{"number":203,"label":"203","id":"b14-l203","source":"δεξάμενοι Ῥείας, ὅτε τε Κρόνον εὐρύοπα Ζεὺς","translation":"taking me from Rhea when wide-thundering Zeus set Cronos","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l203.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεξάμενοι","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἠδ̓","gloss":"having received","note":"The participle resumes Oceanus and Tethys as the ones who took Hera from Rhea and reared her."},{"surface":"Ῥείας","lemma":"Ῥέα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of δεξάμενοι","gloss":"from Rhea"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καθεῖσε","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Κρόνον","lemma":"Κρόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καθεῖσε","gloss":"Cronos"},{"surface":"εὐρύοπα","lemma":"εὐρύοπα","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ζεὺς","gloss":"wide-thundering"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καθεῖσε","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":204,"label":"204","id":"b14-l204","source":"γαίης νέρθε καθεῖσε καὶ ἀτρυγέτοιο θαλάσσης·","translation":"beneath the earth and the barren sea.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l204.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γαίης","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"νέρθε","lemma":"ἔνερθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"καθεῖσε","lemma":"καθίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δεξάμενοι","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀτρυγέτοιο","lemma":"ἀτρύγετος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies θαλάσσης","gloss":"barren"},{"surface":"θαλάσσης","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":205,"label":"205","id":"b14-l205","source":"τοὺς εἶμʼ ὀψομένη, καί σφʼ ἄκριτα νείκεα λύσω·","translation":"I am going to visit them and end their unresolved quarrels;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l205.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὀψομένη","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"εἶμ","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I am going"},{"surface":"ὀψομένη","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"future middle participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to εἶμ̓","gloss":"to visit"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφ","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to λύσω","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"ἄκριτα","lemma":"ἄκριτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies νείκεα","gloss":"unresolved"},{"surface":"νείκεα","lemma":"νεῖκος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of λύσω","gloss":"quarrels"},{"surface":"λύσω","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will end"}]},{"number":206,"label":"206","id":"b14-l206","source":"ἤδη γὰρ δηρὸν χρόνον ἀλλήλων ἀπέχονται","translation":"for a long time now they have kept apart from one another's","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l206.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπέχονται","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"δηρὸν","lemma":"δηρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χρόνον","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"χρόνον","lemma":"χρόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπέχονται","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλων","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"ἀπέχονται","lemma":"ἀπέχω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have kept apart"}]},{"number":207,"label":"207","id":"b14-l207","source":"εὐνῆς καὶ φιλότητος, ἐπεὶ χόλος ἔμπεσε θυμῷ.","translation":"bed and love, since anger fell upon their hearts.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l207.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὐνῆς","lemma":"εὐνή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"bed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φιλότητος","lemma":"φιλότης","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"lovemaking"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"χόλος","lemma":"χόλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔμπεσε","gloss":"anger"},{"surface":"ἔμπεσε","lemma":"ἐμπίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔμπεσε","gloss":"upon their hearts"}]},{"number":208,"label":"208","id":"b14-l208","source":"εἰ κείνω ἐπέεσσι παραιπεπιθοῦσα φίλον κῆρ","translation":"If I could persuade their dear hearts with coaxing words","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l208.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κείνω","lemma":"κεῖνος","morphology":"accusative dual masculine adjective","role":"object of παραιπεπιθοῦσα","gloss":"those two","note":"This is an accusative dual: Hera speaks of persuading the two of them, Oceanus and Tethys."},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσι","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to παραιπεπιθοῦσα","gloss":"with words"},{"surface":"παραιπεπιθοῦσα","lemma":"παραπείθω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἀνέσαιμι","gloss":"having coaxed","note":"The compound participle adds the nuance of winning someone over by coaxing or persuasive speech."},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῆρ","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"κῆρ","lemma":"κῆρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀνέσαιμι","gloss":"hearts"}]},{"number":209,"label":"209","id":"b14-l209","source":"εἰς εὐνὴν ἀνέσαιμι ὁμωθῆναι φιλότητι,","translation":"and bring them back to bed, joined together in love,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l209.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἀνέσαιμι","title":"Optative in the condition","body":"ἀνέσαιμι is an aorist optative governed by εἰ in Hera's imagined condition: if she could bring Oceanus and Tethys back to bed. The corresponding result follows in καλεοίμην, \"they would call me,\" on the next line."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"εὐνὴν","lemma":"εὐνή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"bed"},{"surface":"ἀνέσαιμι","lemma":"ἀνέζω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"I might bring"},{"surface":"ὁμωθῆναι","lemma":"ὁμόω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"object of ἀνέσαιμι","gloss":"to be united","note":"The passive infinitive means that Oceanus and Tethys are to be made one or reconciled."},{"surface":"φιλότητι","lemma":"φιλότης","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὁμωθῆναι","gloss":"in love"}]},{"number":210,"label":"210","id":"b14-l210","source":"αἰεί κέ σφι φίλη τε καὶ αἰδοίη καλεοίμην.","translation":"they would forever call me dear and worthy of respect.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l210.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰεί","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καλεοίμην","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"σφι","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of καλεοίμην","gloss":"by them"},{"surface":"φίλη","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰδοίη","lemma":"αἰδοῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"respected"},{"surface":"καλεοίμην","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"might be called","note":"The optative with the modal particle states the hoped-for result: they would call Hera dear and respected."}]},{"number":211,"label":"211","id":"b14-l211","source":"τὴν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε φιλομειδὴς Ἀφροδίτη·","translation":"Then laughter-loving Aphrodite addressed her in turn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l211.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"φιλομειδὴς","lemma":"φιλομμειδής","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀφροδίτη","gloss":"laughter-loving"},{"surface":"Ἀφροδίτη","lemma":"Ἀφροδίτη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπε","gloss":"Aphrodite"}]},{"number":212,"label":"212","id":"b14-l212","source":"οὐκ ἔστʼ οὐδὲ ἔοικε τεὸν ἔπος ἀρνήσασθαι·","translation":"\"I cannot, and it would not be fitting, refuse your word,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l212.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἔστ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it is possible"},{"surface":"ἔοικε","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is not fitting","note":"The perfect has present force: refusal is not fitting or seemly."},{"surface":"τεὸν","lemma":"τεός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπος","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀρνήσασθαι","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ἀρνήσασθαι","lemma":"ἀρνέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive infinitive","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"to refuse"}]},{"number":213,"label":"213","id":"b14-l213","source":"Ζηνὸς γὰρ τοῦ ἀρίστου ἐν ἀγκοίνῃσιν ἰαύεις.","translation":"for you sleep in the embrace of Zeus, the highest god.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l213.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζηνὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀγκοίνῃσιν","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine article","role":"modifies ἀρίστου","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἀρίστου","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"modifies Ζηνὸς","gloss":"highest"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἀγκοίνῃσιν","lemma":"ἀγκοίνη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"embraces"},{"surface":"ἰαύεις","lemma":"ἰαύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you sleep"}]},{"number":214,"label":"214","id":"b14-l214","source":"ἦ, καὶ ἀπὸ στήθεσφιν ἐλύσατο κεστὸν ἱμάντα","translation":"She spoke, and from her breast unfastened the embroidered sash,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l214.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she spoke"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"στήθεσφιν","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"her breast","note":"The special epic case ending is used with the preposition in the sense 'from her breast.'"},{"surface":"ἐλύσατο","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"unfastened"},{"surface":"κεστὸν","lemma":"κεστός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἱμάντα","gloss":"embroidered"},{"surface":"ἱμάντα","lemma":"ἱμάς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐλύσατο","gloss":"sash"}]},{"number":215,"label":"215","id":"b14-l215","source":"ποικίλον, ἔνθα δέ οἱ θελκτήρια πάντα τέτυκτο·","translation":"intricately worked, where all her enchantments had been fashioned:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l215.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ποικίλον","lemma":"ποικίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἱμάντα","gloss":"intricately worked"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τέτυκτο","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to τέτυκτο","gloss":"for her"},{"surface":"θελκτήρια","lemma":"θελκτήριον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of τέτυκτο","gloss":"enchantments"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies θελκτήρια","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"τέτυκτο","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had been fashioned","note":"The pluperfect describes the charms as already fashioned and present within the sash."}]},{"number":216,"label":"216","id":"b14-l216","source":"ἔνθʼ ἔνι μὲν φιλότης, ἐν δʼ ἵμερος, ἐν δʼ ὀαριστὺς","translation":"there was love, there desire, and there intimate lovers' talk;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l216.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἔνθʼ ἔνι μὲν φιλότης, ἐν δʼ ἵμερος, ἐν δʼ ὀαριστὺς","title":"Three powers of attraction","body":"The sash holds three linked forces: intimate love, desire, and ὀαριστύς, the close talk of lovers. Homer makes persuasion bodily, emotional, and verbal at once."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔνι","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἔνι","lemma":"ἔνειμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is within"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"φιλότης","lemma":"φιλότης","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔνι","gloss":"love"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"adverbial","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵμερος","lemma":"ἵμερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"desire"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"adverbial","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀαριστὺς","lemma":"ὀαριστύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"lovers' talk"}]},{"number":217,"label":"217","id":"b14-l217","source":"πάρφασις, ἥ τʼ ἔκλεψε νόον πύκα περ φρονεόντων.","translation":"persuasion, which steals the mind even from the very wise.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l217.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάρφασις","lemma":"παράφασις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"persuasion"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔκλεψε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔκλεψε","lemma":"κλέπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing πάρφασις","gloss":"steals"},{"surface":"νόον","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔκλεψε","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"πύκα","lemma":"πύκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φρονεόντων","gloss":"wisely"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"φρονεόντων","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"modifies νόον","gloss":"thinking","note":"The genitive participle depends on 'mind': persuasion steals even the mind of people thinking wisely."}]},{"number":218,"label":"218","id":"b14-l218","source":"τόν ῥά οἱ ἔμβαλε χερσὶν ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζε·","translation":"She placed it in Hera's hands, and spoke, and called her by name:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l218.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔμβαλε","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔμβαλε","gloss":"to her"},{"surface":"ἔμβαλε","lemma":"ἐμβάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"placed"},{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔμβαλε","gloss":"in her hands"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔφατ̓","gloss":"a word"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"ἔκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀνόμαζε","lemma":"ὀνομάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called by name"}]},{"number":219,"label":"219","id":"b14-l219","source":"τῆ νῦν τοῦτον ἱμάντα τεῷ ἐγκάτθεο κόλπῳ","translation":"\"Here now, tuck this sash into the fold of your robe,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l219.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῆ","lemma":"τῆ","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τοῦτον","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἱμάντα","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἱμάντα","lemma":"ἱμάς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐγκάτθεο","gloss":"sash"},{"surface":"τεῷ","lemma":"τεός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κόλπῳ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἐγκάτθεο","lemma":"ἐγκατατίθεμαι","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tuck","note":"The compound imperative vividly means to place the sash down inside the fold of her robe."},{"surface":"κόλπῳ","lemma":"κόλπος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐγκάτθεο","gloss":"robe-fold"}]},{"number":220,"label":"220","id":"b14-l220","source":"ποικίλον, ᾧ ἔνι πάντα τετεύχαται· οὐδέ σέ φημι","translation":"intricately worked, where every charm is fashioned; I tell you,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l220.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ποικίλον","lemma":"ποικίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἱμάντα","gloss":"intricately worked"},{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔνι","gloss":"in which"},{"surface":"ἔνι","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of τετεύχαται","gloss":"all things"},{"surface":"τετεύχαται","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἱμάντα","gloss":"are fashioned","note":"The perfect describes every charm as already fashioned and contained in the sash."},{"surface":"σέ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of νέεσθαι","gloss":"you will not"},{"surface":"φημι","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I say"}]},{"number":221,"label":"221","id":"b14-l221","source":"ἄπρηκτόν γε νέεσθαι, ὅ τι φρεσὶ σῇσι μενοινᾷς.","translation":"you will not return without achieving what you plan in your heart.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l221.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄπρηκτόν","lemma":"ἄπρακτος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unsuccessful"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νέεσθαι","lemma":"νέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of φημι","gloss":"to return"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of μενοινᾷς","gloss":"whatever"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to μενοινᾷς","gloss":"in heart"},{"surface":"σῇσι","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρεσὶ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"μενοινᾷς","lemma":"μενοινάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἄπρηκτόν","gloss":"you intend"}]},{"number":222,"label":"222","id":"b14-l222","source":"ὣς φάτο, μείδησεν δὲ βοῶπις πότνια Ἥρη,","translation":"So she spoke, and ox-eyed queenly Hera smiled;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l222.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she spoke"},{"surface":"μείδησεν","lemma":"μειδάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"smiled"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βοῶπις","lemma":"βοῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"ox-eyed"},{"surface":"πότνια","lemma":"πότνια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"queenly"},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of μείδησεν","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":223,"label":"223","id":"b14-l223","source":"μειδήσασα δʼ ἔπειτα ἑῷ ἐγκάτθετο κόλπῳ.","translation":"still smiling, she tucked it into the fold of her robe.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l223.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μειδήσασα","lemma":"μειδάω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἐγκάτθετο","gloss":"having smiled"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐγκάτθετο","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἑῷ","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κόλπῳ","gloss":"her own"},{"surface":"ἐγκάτθετο","lemma":"ἐγκατατίθεμαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tucked it"},{"surface":"κόλπῳ","lemma":"κόλπος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐγκάτθετο","gloss":"robe-fold"}]},{"number":224,"label":"224","id":"b14-l224","source":"ἣ μὲν ἔβη πρὸς δῶμα Διὸς θυγάτηρ Ἀφροδίτη,","translation":"Aphrodite, daughter of Zeus, went back to his house,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l224.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine article","role":"modifies θυγάτηρ","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"ἔβη","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"δῶμα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θυγάτηρ","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"θυγάτηρ","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"Ἀφροδίτη","lemma":"Ἀφροδίτη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Aphrodite"}]},{"number":225,"label":"225","id":"b14-l225","source":"Ἥρη δʼ ἀΐξασα λίπεν ῥίον Οὐλύμποιο,","translation":"while Hera darted away and left the ridge of Olympus.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l225.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of λίπεν","gloss":"Hera"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"ἀΐξασα","lemma":"ἀίσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to λίπεν","gloss":"darting away"},{"surface":"λίπεν","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"ῥίον","lemma":"ῥίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of λίπεν","gloss":"ridge"},{"surface":"Οὐλύμποιο","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ῥίον","gloss":"of Olympus"}]},{"number":226,"label":"226","id":"b14-l226","source":"Πιερίην δʼ ἐπιβᾶσα καὶ Ἠμαθίην ἐρατεινὴν","translation":"She crossed Pieria and lovely Emathia,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l226.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πιερίην","lemma":"Πιερία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Pieria"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπιβᾶσα","lemma":"ἐπιβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to σεύατ̓","gloss":"having crossed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἠμαθίην","lemma":"Ἠμαθίη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Emathia"},{"surface":"ἐρατεινὴν","lemma":"ἐρατεινός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἠμαθίην","gloss":"lovely"}]},{"number":227,"label":"227","id":"b14-l227","source":"σεύατʼ ἐφʼ ἱπποπόλων Θρῃκῶν ὄρεα νιφόεντα","translation":"then swept over the snowy mountains of the horse-breeding Thracians,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l227.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σεύατ","lemma":"σεύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sped"},{"surface":"ἐφ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ἱπποπόλων","lemma":"ἱπποπόλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Θρῃκῶν","gloss":"horse-breeding"},{"surface":"Θρῃκῶν","lemma":"Θρᾷξ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὄρεα","gloss":"Thracians"},{"surface":"ὄρεα","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"mountains"},{"surface":"νιφόεντα","lemma":"νιφόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὄρεα","gloss":"snowy"}]},{"number":228,"label":"228","id":"b14-l228","source":"ἀκροτάτας κορυφάς· οὐδὲ χθόνα μάρπτε ποδοῖιν·","translation":"their highest peaks; her feet did not touch the ground.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l228.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀκροτάτας","lemma":"ἄκρος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine superlative adjective","role":"modifies κορυφάς","gloss":"highest"},{"surface":"κορυφάς","lemma":"κορυφή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"peaks"},{"surface":"χθόνα","lemma":"χθών","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of μάρπτε","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"μάρπτε","lemma":"μάρπτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did not touch"},{"surface":"ποδοῖιν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative dual masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μάρπτε","gloss":"with her feet","note":"The dual marks Hera's two feet; the image stresses that she travels without touching earth."}]},{"number":229,"label":"229","id":"b14-l229","source":"ἐξ Ἀθόω δʼ ἐπὶ πόντον ἐβήσετο κυμαίνοντα,","translation":"From Athos she stepped out over the surging sea","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l229.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Ἀθόω","lemma":"Ἄθως","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"Athos"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"πόντον","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐβήσετο","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"ἐβήσετο","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stepped"},{"surface":"κυμαίνοντα","lemma":"κυμαίνω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies πόντον","gloss":"surging"}]},{"number":230,"label":"230","id":"b14-l230","source":"Λῆμνον δʼ εἰσαφίκανε πόλιν θείοιο Θόαντος.","translation":"and came to Lemnos, the city of godlike Thoas.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l230.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Λῆμνον","lemma":"Λῆμνος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Lemnos"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἰσαφίκανε","lemma":"εἰσαφικάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"θείοιο","lemma":"θεῖος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Θόαντος","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Θόαντος","lemma":"Θόας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πόλιν","gloss":"of Thoas"}]},{"number":231,"label":"231","id":"b14-l231","source":"ἔνθʼ Ὕπνῳ ξύμβλητο κασιγνήτῳ Θανάτοιο,","translation":"There she met Sleep, brother of Death,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l231.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ξύμβλητο","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"Ὕπνῳ","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Sleep"},{"surface":"ξύμβλητο","lemma":"συμβάλλω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"met","note":"The passive form of the compound is idiomatic: Hera 'met with' or encountered Sleep."},{"surface":"κασιγνήτῳ","lemma":"κασίγνητος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"brother"},{"surface":"Θανάτοιο","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κασιγνήτῳ","gloss":"of Death"}]},{"number":232,"label":"232","id":"b14-l232","source":"ἔν τʼ ἄρα οἱ φῦ χειρὶ ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζεν·","translation":"took his hand, and spoke to him, and called him by name:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l232.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to φῦ","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"φῦ","lemma":"φύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grasped","note":"Literally 'grew onto him by the hand,' an epic idiom for taking hold of someone's hand."},{"surface":"χειρὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of φῦ","gloss":"by the hand"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔφατ̓","gloss":"a word"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"ἔκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀνόμαζεν","lemma":"ὀνομάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called by name"}]},{"number":233,"label":"233","id":"b14-l233","source":"Ὕπνε ἄναξ πάντων τε θεῶν πάντων τʼ ἀνθρώπων,","translation":"\"Sleep, lord of all gods and all human beings,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l233.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ὕπνε ἄναξ πάντων","title":"Sleep as universal lord","body":"The vocative Ὕπνε addresses Sleep as a god in his own right. ἄναξ πάντων stresses that his power reaches both immortals and mortals."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ὕπνε","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Sleep"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεῶν","gloss":"of all"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τ̓","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνθρώπων","gloss":"of all"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τ̓","gloss":"humans"}]},{"number":234,"label":"234","id":"b14-l234","source":"ἠμὲν δή ποτʼ ἐμὸν ἔπος ἔκλυες, ἠδʼ ἔτι καὶ νῦν","translation":"as you once listened to my word, so obey me now,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l234.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠμὲν","lemma":"ἠμέν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"just as"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἔκλυες","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"ἐμὸν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπος","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔκλυες","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ἔκλυες","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you obeyed"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"so too"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πείθευ","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πείθευ","gloss":"now"}]},{"number":235,"label":"235","id":"b14-l235","source":"πείθευ· ἐγὼ δέ κέ τοι ἰδέω χάριν ἤματα πάντα.","translation":"and I shall remember my gratitude to you all my days.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l235.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πείθευ","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"obey"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἰδέω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἰδέω","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"ἰδέω","lemma":"εἴδω","morphology":"perfect active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall remember","note":"A perfect subjunctive with the modal particle: Hera promises she will keep the favor in lasting memory."},{"surface":"χάριν","lemma":"χάρις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἰδέω","gloss":"gratitude"},{"surface":"ἤματα","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἰδέω","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἤματα","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":236,"label":"236","id":"b14-l236","source":"κοίμησόν μοι Ζηνὸς ὑπʼ ὀφρύσιν ὄσσε φαεινὼ","translation":"Lull for me the two bright eyes beneath Zeus's brows","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l236.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κοίμησόν","lemma":"κοιμάω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lull to sleep"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to κοίμησόν","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"Ζηνὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὄσσε","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"ὀφρύσιν","lemma":"ὀφρύς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπ̓","gloss":"brows"},{"surface":"ὄσσε","lemma":"ὄσσε","morphology":"accusative dual neuter noun","role":"object of κοίμησόν","gloss":"two eyes","note":"A poetic dual noun referring specifically to Zeus's two eyes."},{"surface":"φαεινὼ","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"accusative dual neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὄσσε","gloss":"bright"}]},{"number":237,"label":"237","id":"b14-l237","source":"αὐτίκʼ ἐπεί κεν ἐγὼ παραλέξομαι ἐν φιλότητι.","translation":"as soon as I lie beside him and join with him in love.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l237.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκ","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κοίμησόν","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"shall"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of παραλέξομαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"παραλέξομαι","lemma":"παραλέγω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"lie beside him","note":"The aorist middle subjunctive refers to Hera herself lying down beside Zeus."},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φιλότητι","lemma":"φιλότης","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"love"}]},{"number":238,"label":"238","id":"b14-l238","source":"δῶρα δέ τοι δώσω καλὸν θρόνον ἄφθιτον αἰεὶ","translation":"I shall give you as gifts a beautiful golden throne, imperishable forever;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l238.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"as gifts"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δώσω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"δώσω","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will give"},{"surface":"καλὸν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θρόνον","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"θρόνον","lemma":"θρόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"throne"},{"surface":"ἄφθιτον","lemma":"ἄφθιτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θρόνον","gloss":"imperishable"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄφθιτον","gloss":"forever"}]},{"number":239,"label":"239","id":"b14-l239","source":"χρύσεον· Ἥφαιστος δέ κʼ ἐμὸς πάϊς ἀμφιγυήεις","translation":"my son Hephaestus, lame in both legs,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l239.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ἥφαιστος δέ κʼ ἐμὸς πάϊς ἀμφιγυήεις","title":"Hephaestus, lame in both legs","body":"ἀμφιγυήεις is the traditional Homeric epithet for Hephaestus's lameness in both legs. The god's disability and unmatched craft are presented together, without contradiction."}],"words":[{"surface":"χρύσεον","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θρόνον","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"Ἥφαιστος","lemma":"Ἥφαιστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Hephaestus"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἐμὸς","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"πάϊς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἀμφιγυήεις","lemma":"ἀμφιγύεις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"lame in both legs"}]},{"number":240,"label":"240","id":"b14-l240","source":"τεύξειʼ ἀσκήσας, ὑπὸ δὲ θρῆνυν ποσὶν ἥσει,","translation":"will fashion it with skill and set a footstool beneath,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l240.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τεύξει","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"might fashion","note":"The optative continues Hera's proposed gift: Hephaestus would fashion the throne."},{"surface":"ἀσκήσας","lemma":"ἀσκέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τεύξεἰ","gloss":"with skill"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"adverbial to ἥσει","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θρῆνυν","lemma":"θρῆνυς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἥσει","gloss":"footstool"},{"surface":"ποσὶν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἥσει","gloss":"for your feet"},{"surface":"ἥσει","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will set"}]},{"number":241,"label":"241","id":"b14-l241","source":"τῷ κεν ἐπισχοίης λιπαροὺς πόδας εἰλαπινάζων.","translation":"where you may rest your glistening feet when you feast.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l241.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπισχοίης","gloss":"on it"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"might"},{"surface":"ἐπισχοίης","lemma":"ἐπέχω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing θρῆνυν","gloss":"you could rest"},{"surface":"λιπαροὺς","lemma":"λιπαρός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόδας","gloss":"glistening"},{"surface":"πόδας","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπισχοίης","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"εἰλαπινάζων","lemma":"εἰλαπινάζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπισχοίης","gloss":"while feasting"}]},{"number":242,"label":"242","id":"b14-l242","source":"τὴν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσεφώνεε νήδυμος Ὕπνος·","translation":"Then sweet Sleep answered her and said:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l242.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προσεφώνεε","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσεφώνεε","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσεφώνεε","lemma":"προσφωνέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"νήδυμος","lemma":"νήδυμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὕπνος","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"Ὕπνος","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσεφώνεε","gloss":"Sleep"}]},{"number":243,"label":"243","id":"b14-l243","source":"Ἥρη πρέσβα θεὰ θύγατερ μεγάλοιο Κρόνοιο","translation":"\"Hera, august goddess, daughter of great Cronos,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l243.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Hera"},{"surface":"πρέσβα","lemma":"πρέσβα","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies θεὰ","gloss":"august"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"θύγατερ","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"μεγάλοιο","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Κρόνοιο","gloss":"of great"},{"surface":"Κρόνοιο","lemma":"Κρόνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θύγατερ","gloss":"Cronos"}]},{"number":244,"label":"244","id":"b14-l244","source":"ἄλλον μέν κεν ἔγωγε θεῶν αἰειγενετάων","translation":"any other of the gods who live forever","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l244.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλον","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of κατευνήσαιμι","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"ἔγωγε","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κατευνήσαιμι","gloss":"I myself"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄλλον","gloss":"of gods"},{"surface":"αἰειγενετάων","lemma":"αἰειγενέτης","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεῶν","gloss":"everlasting"}]},{"number":245,"label":"245","id":"b14-l245","source":"ῥεῖα κατευνήσαιμι, καὶ ἂν ποταμοῖο ῥέεθρα","translation":"I could easily lull to rest, even the flowing streams","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l245.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"κατευνήσαιμι","title":"What Sleep could do","body":"The aorist optative κατευνήσαιμι expresses Sleep's willingness and ability in a hypothetical case: he could lull any other god. Zeus is the emphatic exception introduced two lines later."}],"words":[{"surface":"ῥεῖα","lemma":"ῥεῖα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατευνήσαιμι","gloss":"easily"},{"surface":"κατευνήσαιμι","lemma":"κατευνάω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"might lull"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἐάν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"also","note":"Here the transmitted form works with the concessive sense: Sleep could lull even Oceanus's streams."},{"surface":"ποταμοῖο","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ὠκεανοῦ","gloss":"of the river"},{"surface":"ῥέεθρα","lemma":"ῥεῖθρον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"streams"}]},{"number":246,"label":"246","id":"b14-l246","source":"Ὠκεανοῦ, ὅς περ γένεσις πάντεσσι τέτυκται·","translation":"of Oceanus, who has become the source of all.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l246.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ὠκεανοῦ","lemma":"Ὠκεανός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ῥέεθρα","gloss":"of Oceanus"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τέτυκται","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γένεσις","lemma":"γένεσις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"source"},{"surface":"πάντεσσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to τέτυκται","gloss":"for all"},{"surface":"τέτυκται","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ὠκεανοῦ","gloss":"has become","note":"The perfect describes Oceanus's established status as the source of all."}]},{"number":247,"label":"247","id":"b14-l247","source":"Ζηνὸς δʼ οὐκ ἂν ἔγωγε Κρονίονος ἆσσον ἱκοίμην","translation":"But I would not draw near to Zeus, son of Cronos,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l247.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζηνὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἆσσον","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἔγωγε","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"I myself"},{"surface":"Κρονίονος","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζηνὸς","gloss":"son of Cronos"},{"surface":"ἆσσον","lemma":"ἆσσον","morphology":"comparative adverb","role":"adverbial to ἱκοίμην","gloss":"nearer"},{"surface":"ἱκοίμην","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"approach"}]},{"number":248,"label":"248","id":"b14-l248","source":"οὐδὲ κατευνήσαιμʼ, ὅτε μὴ αὐτός γε κελεύοι.","translation":"nor lull him to rest, unless he himself commanded me.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l248.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κατευνήσαιμ","lemma":"κατευνάω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"nor lull"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"unless","note":"With 'unless,' the negative contributes the exceptive sense: unless Zeus himself commanded it."},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"αὐτός","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κελεύοι","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"should command"}]},{"number":249,"label":"249","id":"b14-l249","source":"ἤδη γάρ με καὶ ἄλλο τεὴ ἐπίνυσσεν ἐφετμὴ","translation":"For another command of yours has already taught me wisdom,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l249.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπίνυσσεν","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπίνυσσεν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἄλλο","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπίνυσσεν","gloss":"another time"},{"surface":"τεὴ","lemma":"τεός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἐφετμὴ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἐπίνυσσεν","lemma":"πινύσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made wise"},{"surface":"ἐφετμὴ","lemma":"ἐφετμή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐπίνυσσεν","gloss":"command"}]},{"number":250,"label":"250","id":"b14-l250","source":"ἤματι τῷ ὅτε κεῖνος ὑπέρθυμος Διὸς υἱὸς","translation":"on the day when that high-hearted son of Zeus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l250.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤματι","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπίνυσσεν","gloss":"on the day"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἤματι","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔπλεεν","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"κεῖνος","lemma":"κεῖνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ὑπέρθυμος","lemma":"ὑπέρθυμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"high-hearted"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔπλεεν","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":251,"label":"251","id":"b14-l251","source":"ἔπλεεν Ἰλιόθεν Τρώων πόλιν ἐξαλαπάξας.","translation":"sailed from Ilium after sacking the city of the Trojans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l251.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔπλεεν","lemma":"πλέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τῷ","gloss":"was sailing"},{"surface":"Ἰλιόθεν","lemma":"Ἰλιόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἔπλεεν","gloss":"from Ilium"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies πόλιν","gloss":"of Trojans"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξαλαπάξας","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"ἐξαλαπάξας","lemma":"ἐξαλαπάζω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔπλεεν","gloss":"having sacked"}]},{"number":252,"label":"252","id":"b14-l252","source":"ἤτοι ἐγὼ μὲν ἔλεξα Διὸς νόον αἰγιόχοιο","translation":"Then I lulled the mind of aegis-bearing Zeus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l252.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then indeed"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔλεξα","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"ἔλεξα","lemma":"λέγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lulled","note":"Despite the supplied lemma, context requires the sleep-verb sense: Sleep says he lulled Zeus's mind."},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies νόον","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"νόον","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔλεξα","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"αἰγιόχοιο","lemma":"αἰγίοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"aegis-bearing"}]},{"number":253,"label":"253","id":"b14-l253","source":"νήδυμος ἀμφιχυθείς· σὺ δέ οἱ κακὰ μήσαο θυμῷ","translation":"pouring sweetly around him; but you planned evils in your heart,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l253.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νήδυμος","lemma":"νήδυμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"ἀμφιχυθείς","lemma":"ἀμφιχέω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔλεξα","gloss":"pouring around","note":"The passive participle pictures Sleep as poured or spread around Zeus, enveloping him."},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of μήσαο","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to μήσαο","gloss":"against him"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μήσαο","gloss":"evils"},{"surface":"μήσαο","lemma":"μήδομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"devised"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μήσαο","gloss":"in your heart"}]},{"number":254,"label":"254","id":"b14-l254","source":"ὄρσασʼ ἀργαλέων ἀνέμων ἐπὶ πόντον ἀήτας,","translation":"rousing blasts of harsh winds over the sea,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l254.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄρσασ","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to μήσαο","gloss":"having roused"},{"surface":"ἀργαλέων","lemma":"ἀργαλέος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνέμων","gloss":"harsh"},{"surface":"ἀνέμων","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀήτας","gloss":"of winds"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"πόντον","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"ἀήτας","lemma":"ἀήτης","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὄρσασ̓","gloss":"blasts"}]},{"number":255,"label":"255","id":"b14-l255","source":"καί μιν ἔπειτα Κόων δʼ εὖ ναιομένην ἀπένεικας","translation":"and then you swept his son away to well-settled Cos,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l255.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπένεικας","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπένεικας","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Κόων","lemma":"Κῶς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπένεικας","gloss":"Cos"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ναιομένην","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"ναιομένην","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifies Κόων","gloss":"settled"},{"surface":"ἀπένεικας","lemma":"ἀποφέρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"swept away"}]},{"number":256,"label":"256","id":"b14-l256","source":"νόσφι φίλων πάντων. ὃ δʼ ἐπεγρόμενος χαλέπαινε","translation":"far from all his friends. Zeus woke and raged,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l256.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νόσφι","lemma":"νόσφι","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"far from"},{"surface":"φίλων","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of νόσφι","gloss":"friends"},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies φίλων","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of χαλέπαινε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπεγρόμενος","lemma":"ἐπεγείρω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to χαλέπαινε","gloss":"having awakened"},{"surface":"χαλέπαινε","lemma":"χαλεπαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"raged"}]},{"number":257,"label":"257","id":"b14-l257","source":"ῥιπτάζων κατὰ δῶμα θεούς, ἐμὲ δʼ ἔξοχα πάντων","translation":"hurling gods about his hall, and above all he sought me.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l257.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥιπτάζων","lemma":"ῥιπτάζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to χαλέπαινε","gloss":"hurling about"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"δῶμα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"hall"},{"surface":"θεούς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ῥιπτάζων","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"ἐμὲ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ζήτει","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔξοχα","lemma":"ἔξοχος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ζήτει","gloss":"above all"},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔξοχα","gloss":"everyone"}]},{"number":258,"label":"258","id":"b14-l258","source":"ζήτει· καί κέ μʼ ἄϊστον ἀπʼ αἰθέρος ἔμβαλε πόντῳ,","translation":"He would have cast me out of sight from the upper air into the sea,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l258.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ζήτει","lemma":"ζητέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sought"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would have","note":"The modal particle makes the past indicative counterfactual: Zeus would have cast Sleep away."},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔμβαλε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἄϊστον","lemma":"ἄιστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"out of sight"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"αἰθέρος","lemma":"αἰθήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπ̓","gloss":"upper air"},{"surface":"ἔμβαλε","lemma":"ἐμβάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would have cast"},{"surface":"πόντῳ","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔμβαλε","gloss":"into the sea"}]},{"number":259,"label":"259","id":"b14-l259","source":"εἰ μὴ Νὺξ δμήτειρα θεῶν ἐσάωσε καὶ ἀνδρῶν·","translation":"had Night, who subdues gods and men, not saved me.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l259.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"Νὺξ","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Night"},{"surface":"δμήτειρα","lemma":"δμητήρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"subduer"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of gods"},{"surface":"ἐσάωσε","lemma":"σώζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"had saved","note":"In the unreal condition, the aorist indicative is translated 'had saved.'"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":260,"label":"260","id":"b14-l260","source":"τὴν ἱκόμην φεύγων, ὃ δʼ ἐπαύσατο χωόμενός περ.","translation":"I reached her in my flight, and he ceased, angry though he was,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l260.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἱκόμην","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"ἱκόμην","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I reached"},{"surface":"φεύγων","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἱκόμην","gloss":"fleeing"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπαύσατο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπαύσατο","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ceased"},{"surface":"χωόμενός","lemma":"χώομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπαύσατο","gloss":"being angry"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though","note":"The enclitic particle sharpens the concessive participle: 'angry though he was.'"}]},{"number":261,"label":"261","id":"b14-l261","source":"ἅζετο γὰρ μὴ Νυκτὶ θοῇ ἀποθύμια ἕρδοι.","translation":"for he feared to do anything displeasing to swift Night.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l261.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἅζετο","lemma":"ἅζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he feared"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest","note":"After a verb of fearing, this conjunction introduces what Zeus feared might happen: 'lest.'"},{"surface":"Νυκτὶ","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἕρδοι","gloss":"to Night"},{"surface":"θοῇ","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Νυκτὶ","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἀποθύμια","lemma":"ἀποθύμιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἕρδοι","gloss":"displeasing things"},{"surface":"ἕρδοι","lemma":"ἔρδω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of μὴ","gloss":"he should do"}]},{"number":262,"label":"262","id":"b14-l262","source":"νῦν αὖ τοῦτό μʼ ἄνωγας ἀμήχανον ἄλλο τελέσσαι.","translation":"And now you bid me carry out another impossible task.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l262.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄνωγας","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄνωγας","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"τοῦτό","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄλλο","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἄνωγας","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἄνωγας","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you command","note":"This perfect has present force: Hera now commands Sleep to perform the task."},{"surface":"ἀμήχανον","lemma":"ἀμήχανος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄλλο","gloss":"impossible"},{"surface":"ἄλλο","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of τελέσσαι","gloss":"other task"},{"surface":"τελέσσαι","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἄνωγας","gloss":"to accomplish"}]},{"number":263,"label":"263","id":"b14-l263","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε βοῶπις πότνια Ἥρη·","translation":"Then ox-eyed queenly Hera addressed him in turn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l263.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσέειπε","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"βοῶπις","lemma":"βοῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"ox-eyed"},{"surface":"πότνια","lemma":"πότνια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"queenly"},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπε","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":264,"label":"264","id":"b14-l264","source":"Ὕπνε τί ἢ δὲ σὺ ταῦτα μετὰ φρεσὶ σῇσι μενοινᾷς;","translation":"\"Sleep, why do you ponder these things within your mind?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l264.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ὕπνε","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Sleep"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τίη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μενοινᾷς","gloss":"why","note":"The question is expanded by a cluster of particles, giving an emphatic 'why ever?'"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"τίη","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed why"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μενοινᾷς","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μενοινᾷς","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"σῇσι","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρεσὶ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"μενοινᾷς","lemma":"μενοινάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ponder"}]},{"number":265,"label":"265","id":"b14-l265","source":"ἦ φῂς ὣς Τρώεσσιν ἀρηξέμεν εὐρύοπα Ζῆν","translation":"Do you think wide-thundering Zeus will aid the Trojans","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l265.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἀρηξέμεν","title":"Future infinitive","body":"ἀρηξέμεν is a Homeric future infinitive, dependent on φῄς: \"do you think Zeus will aid?\" Its future force points to what Sleep fears Zeus may do next."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"φῂς","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do you think"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀρηξέμεν","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσιν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀρηξέμεν","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἀρηξέμεν","lemma":"ἀρήγω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of φῂς","gloss":"will aid","note":"The epic infinitive depends on 'do you think' and has future meaning."},{"surface":"εὐρύοπα","lemma":"εὐρύοπα","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζῆν","gloss":"wide-thundering"},{"surface":"Ζῆν","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀρηξέμεν","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":266,"label":"266","id":"b14-l266","source":"ὡς Ἡρακλῆος περιχώσατο παῖδος ἑοῖο;","translation":"as he raged over Heracles, his own son?","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l266.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to περιχώσατο","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"Ἡρακλῆος","lemma":"Ἡρακλέης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"over Heracles"},{"surface":"περιχώσατο","lemma":"περιχώομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὣς","gloss":"raged"},{"surface":"παῖδος","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἑοῖο","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies παῖδος","gloss":"his own"}]},{"number":267,"label":"267","id":"b14-l267","source":"ἀλλʼ ἴθʼ, ἐγὼ δέ κέ τοι Χαρίτων μίαν ὁπλοτεράων","translation":"Come now: I shall give you one of the younger Graces","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l267.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"ἴθ","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"go","note":"The imperative is idiomatic with the preceding particle: together they mean 'come now.'"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of δώσω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δώσω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"Χαρίτων","lemma":"Χάρις","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies μίαν","gloss":"of the Graces"},{"surface":"μίαν","lemma":"εἷς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"object of δώσω","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ὁπλοτεράων","lemma":"ὁπλότερος","morphology":"genitive plural feminine comparative adjective","role":"modifies Χαρίτων","gloss":"younger"}]},{"number":268,"label":"268","id":"b14-l268","source":"δώσω ὀπυιέμεναι καὶ σὴν κεκλῆσθαι ἄκοιτιν.","translation":"to wed and to be called your wife.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l268.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δώσω","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will give"},{"surface":"ὀπυιέμεναι","lemma":"ὀπυίω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to wed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σὴν","lemma":"σός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄκοιτιν","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"κεκλῆσθαι","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to be called","note":"The perfect passive infinitive stresses the enduring status of being acknowledged as Sleep's wife."},{"surface":"ἄκοιτιν","lemma":"ἄκοιτις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"wife"}]},{"number":270,"label":"270","id":"b14-l270","source":"ὣς φάτο, χήρατο δʼ Ὕπνος, ἀμειβόμενος δὲ προσηύδα·","translation":"So she spoke; Sleep rejoiced, and answered her:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l270.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she spoke"},{"surface":"χήρατο","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rejoiced"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὕπνος","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of χήρατο","gloss":"Sleep"},{"surface":"ἀμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":271,"label":"271","id":"b14-l271","source":"ἄγρει νῦν μοι ὄμοσσον ἀάατον Στυγὸς ὕδωρ,","translation":"\"Come, swear to me now by the inviolable water of Styx,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l271.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄγρει","lemma":"ἀγρέω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come now","note":"A conversational imperative used as an urging particle: 'come now.'"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ὄμοσσον","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ὄμοσσον","lemma":"ὄμνυμι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"swear"},{"surface":"ἀάατον","lemma":"ἀάατος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὕδωρ","gloss":"inviolable"},{"surface":"Στυγὸς","lemma":"Στύξ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ὕδωρ","gloss":"of Styx"},{"surface":"ὕδωρ","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὄμοσσον","gloss":"water"}]},{"number":272,"label":"272","id":"b14-l272","source":"χειρὶ δὲ τῇ ἑτέρῃ μὲν ἕλε χθόνα πουλυβότειραν,","translation":"and with one hand take hold of the all-nourishing earth,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l272.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χειρὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἕλε","gloss":"with a hand"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular feminine article","role":"modifies ἑτέρῃ","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἑτέρῃ","lemma":"ἕτερος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χειρὶ","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"ἕλε","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grasp"},{"surface":"χθόνα","lemma":"χθών","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἕλε","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"πουλυβότειραν","lemma":"πουλυβότειρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χθόνα","gloss":"all-nourishing"}]},{"number":273,"label":"273","id":"b14-l273","source":"τῇ δʼ ἑτέρῃ ἅλα μαρμαρέην, ἵνα νῶϊν ἅπαντες","translation":"with the other the gleaming sea, so that all the gods","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l273.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular feminine article","role":"modifies ἑτέρῃ","gloss":"with the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑτέρῃ","lemma":"ἕτερος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"ἅλα","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"μαρμαρέην","lemma":"μαρμάρεος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἅλα","gloss":"gleaming"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"νῶϊν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative dual masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ὦσ̓","gloss":"for us both","note":"The dual pronoun means 'for us two,' Hera and Sleep together."},{"surface":"ἅπαντες","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":274,"label":"274","id":"b14-l274","source":"μάρτυροι ὦσʼ οἳ ἔνερθε θεοὶ Κρόνον ἀμφὶς ἐόντες,","translation":"below, who dwell around Cronos, may witness for us both","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l274.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μάρτυροι","lemma":"μάρτυρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"witnesses"},{"surface":"ὦσ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"may be","note":"The subjunctive follows the purpose clause: the gods are to serve as witnesses."},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ἔνερθε","lemma":"ἔνερθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"below"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ὦσ̓","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"Κρόνον","lemma":"Κρόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"Cronos"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶς","lemma":"ἀμφίς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"ἐόντες","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"dwelling"}]},{"number":275,"label":"275","id":"b14-l275","source":"ἦ μὲν ἐμοὶ δώσειν Χαρίτων μίαν ὁπλοτεράων","translation":"that you truly will give me one of the younger Graces,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l275.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δώσειν","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"δώσειν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ὄμοσσον","gloss":"will give"},{"surface":"Χαρίτων","lemma":"Χάρις","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies μίαν","gloss":"of the Graces"},{"surface":"μίαν","lemma":"εἷς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"object","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ὁπλοτεράων","lemma":"ὁπλότερος","morphology":"genitive plural feminine comparative adjective","role":"modifies Χαρίτων","gloss":"younger"}]},{"number":276,"label":"276","id":"b14-l276","source":"Πασιθέην, ἧς τʼ αὐτὸς ἐέλδομαι ἤματα πάντα.","translation":"Pasithea, whom I myself desire all my days.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l276.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πασιθέην","lemma":"Πασιθέη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Pasithea"},{"surface":"ἧς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἐέλδομαι","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"ἐέλδομαι","lemma":"ἔλδομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Πασιθέην","gloss":"I desire"},{"surface":"ἤματα","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐέλδομαι","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἤματα","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":277,"label":"277","id":"b14-l277","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησε θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη,","translation":"So he spoke, and the goddess white-armed Hera did not disobey,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l277.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ἀπίθησε","lemma":"ἀπιθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did not disobey"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"λευκώλενος","lemma":"λευκώλενος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"white-armed"},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":278,"label":"278","id":"b14-l278","source":"ὄμνυε δʼ ὡς ἐκέλευε, θεοὺς δʼ ὀνόμηνεν ἅπαντας","translation":"but swore as he commanded and named all the gods","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l278.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄμνυε","lemma":"ὄμνυμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"swore"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐκέλευε","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ἐκέλευε","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄμνυε","gloss":"he commanded"},{"surface":"θεοὺς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὀνόμηνεν","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀνόμηνεν","lemma":"ὀνομαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"named"},{"surface":"ἅπαντας","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοὺς","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":279,"label":"279","id":"b14-l279","source":"τοὺς ὑποταρταρίους οἳ Τιτῆνες καλέονται.","translation":"beneath Tartarus, those who are called Titans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l279.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine article","role":"modifies ὑποταρταρίους","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ὑποταρταρίους","lemma":"ὑποταρτάριος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοὺς","gloss":"under Tartarus"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καλέονται","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"Τιτῆνες","lemma":"Τιτάν","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"Titans"},{"surface":"καλέονται","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing θεοὺς","gloss":"are called"}]},{"number":280,"label":"280","id":"b14-l280","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεί ῥʼ ὄμοσέν τε τελεύτησέν τε τὸν ὅρκον,","translation":"When she had sworn and brought the oath to completion,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l280.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but when"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὄμοσέν","lemma":"ὄμνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"had sworn","note":"The paired particles coordinate the two completed actions: she both swore and brought the oath to completion."},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"τελεύτησέν","lemma":"τελευτάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"had completed"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies ὅρκον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ὅρκον","lemma":"ὅρκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τελεύτησέν","gloss":"oath"}]},{"number":281,"label":"281","id":"b14-l281","source":"τὼ βήτην Λήμνου τε καὶ Ἴμβρου ἄστυ λιπόντε","translation":"the two set out, leaving the cities of Lemnos and Imbros,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l281.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τὼ βήτην","title":"The Homeric dual","body":"Both the pronoun τώ and the verb βήτην are dual forms, used for exactly two travelers: Hera and Sleep. English expresses the same number with \"the two.\""}],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βήτην","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"βήτην","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set out","note":"A third-person dual verb: the two of them set out together."},{"surface":"Λήμνου","lemma":"Λῆμνος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of Lemnos"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἴμβρου","lemma":"Ἴμβρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of Imbros"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of λιπόντε","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"λιπόντε","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to βήτην","gloss":"having left"}]},{"number":282,"label":"282","id":"b14-l282","source":"ἠέρα ἑσσαμένω ῥίμφα πρήσσοντε κέλευθον.","translation":"clothed in mist, swiftly making their way.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l282.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠέρα","lemma":"ἀήρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἑσσαμένω","gloss":"mist"},{"surface":"ἑσσαμένω","lemma":"ἕννυμι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to βήτην","gloss":"having clothed themselves","note":"The aorist middle dual marks both gods wrapping themselves in mist before setting out."},{"surface":"ῥίμφα","lemma":"ῥίμφα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πρήσσοντε","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"πρήσσοντε","lemma":"πράσσω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to βήτην","gloss":"making their way"},{"surface":"κέλευθον","lemma":"κέλευθος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πρήσσοντε","gloss":"along the path"}]},{"number":283,"label":"283","id":"b14-l283","source":"Ἴδην δʼ ἱκέσθην πολυπίδακα μητέρα θηρῶν","translation":"They reached many-fountained Ida, mother of wild beasts,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l283.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πολυπίδακα μητέρα θηρῶν","title":"Ida, mother of beasts","body":"The mountain's two-part description joins its many springs to its teeming animal life. Calling Ida \"mother\" makes the landscape itself fertile and animate."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἴδην","lemma":"Ἴδη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Ida"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱκέσθην","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they reached","note":"The dual verb keeps Poseidon and Hera together as the two travelers."},{"surface":"πολυπίδακα","lemma":"πολυπῖδαξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἴδην","gloss":"many-fountained"},{"surface":"μητέρα","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"θηρῶν","lemma":"θήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies μητέρα","gloss":"of wild beasts"}]},{"number":284,"label":"284","id":"b14-l284","source":"Λεκτόν, ὅθι πρῶτον λιπέτην ἅλα· τὼ δʼ ἐπὶ χέρσου","translation":"at Lectum, where they first left the sea; over dry land","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l284.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Λεκτόν","lemma":"Λεκτόν","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"Lectum"},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λιπέτην","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"πρῶτον","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter superlative adjective","role":"adverbial to λιπέτην","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"λιπέτην","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Λεκτόν","gloss":"they left"},{"surface":"ἅλα","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of λιπέτην","gloss":"the sea"},{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βήτην","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"χέρσου","lemma":"χέρσος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"dry land"}]},{"number":285,"label":"285","id":"b14-l285","source":"βήτην, ἀκροτάτη δὲ ποδῶν ὕπο σείετο ὕλη.","translation":"they went, and the highest forest shook beneath their feet.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l285.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βήτην","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they went"},{"surface":"ἀκροτάτη","lemma":"ἄκρος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine superlative adjective","role":"modifies ὕλη","gloss":"highest"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ποδῶν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὕπο","gloss":"their feet"},{"surface":"ὕπο","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"σείετο","lemma":"σείω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was shaking"},{"surface":"ὕλη","lemma":"ὕλη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of σείετο","gloss":"the forest"}]},{"number":286,"label":"286","id":"b14-l286","source":"ἔνθʼ Ὕπνος μὲν ἔμεινε πάρος Διὸς ὄσσε ἰδέσθαι","translation":"There Sleep halted before the eyes of Zeus could see him,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l286.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔμεινε","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"Ὕπνος","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔμεινε","gloss":"Sleep"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for his part"},{"surface":"ἔμεινε","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"halted"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὄσσε","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"ὄσσε","lemma":"ὄσσε","morphology":"accusative dual neuter noun","role":"subject of ἰδέσθαι","gloss":"the two eyes"},{"surface":"ἰδέσθαι","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"adverbial to πάρος","gloss":"could see him"}]},{"number":287,"label":"287","id":"b14-l287","source":"εἰς ἐλάτην ἀναβὰς περιμήκετον, ἣ τότʼ ἐν Ἴδῃ","translation":"climbing a towering fir tree, which then on Ida","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l287.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐλάτην","title":"A fir tree","body":"ἐλάτη is a fir, the tall conifer Sleep uses as concealment. Its exceptional height lets him watch from cover near Zeus's peak."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"ἐλάτην","lemma":"ἐλάτη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"a fir tree"},{"surface":"ἀναβὰς","lemma":"ἀναβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔμεινε","gloss":"having climbed"},{"surface":"περιμήκετον","lemma":"περιμήκετος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἐλάτην","gloss":"towering"},{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἵκανεν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τότ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πεφυυῖα","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"Ἴδῃ","lemma":"Ἴδη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἐν","gloss":"Ida"}]},{"number":288,"label":"288","id":"b14-l288","source":"μακροτάτη πεφυυῖα διʼ ἠέρος αἰθέρʼ ἵκανεν·","translation":"grew tallest of all, reaching through the mist into the upper air.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l288.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μακροτάτη","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine superlative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"tallest"},{"surface":"πεφυυῖα","lemma":"φύω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἵκανεν","gloss":"having grown"},{"surface":"δι","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ἠέρος","lemma":"ἀήρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to δἰ","gloss":"the mist"},{"surface":"αἰθέρ","lemma":"αἰθήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἵκανεν","gloss":"the upper air"},{"surface":"ἵκανεν","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἐλάτην","gloss":"it reached"}]},{"number":289,"label":"289","id":"b14-l289","source":"ἔνθʼ ἧστʼ ὄζοισιν πεπυκασμένος εἰλατίνοισιν","translation":"There he sat, hidden thick among the fir-tree branches,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l289.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἧστ̓","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἧστ","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"pluperfect middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he sat"},{"surface":"ὄζοισιν","lemma":"ὄζος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of πεπυκασμένος","gloss":"among branches"},{"surface":"πεπυκασμένος","lemma":"πυκάζω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἧστ̓","gloss":"thickly hidden","note":"The perfect participle presents Sleep as already and securely concealed among the branches."},{"surface":"εἰλατίνοισιν","lemma":"ἐλάτινος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄζοισιν","gloss":"of fir"}]},{"number":290,"label":"290","id":"b14-l290","source":"ὄρνιθι λιγυρῇ ἐναλίγκιος, ἥν τʼ ἐν ὄρεσσι","translation":"like a clear-voiced bird, which in the mountains","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l290.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄρνιθι","lemma":"ὄρνις","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐναλίγκιος","gloss":"to a bird"},{"surface":"λιγυρῇ","lemma":"λιγυρός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὄρνιθι","gloss":"clear-voiced"},{"surface":"ἐναλίγκιος","lemma":"ἐναλίγκιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ἥν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of κικλήσκουσι","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ὄρεσσι","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the mountains"}]},{"number":291,"label":"291","id":"b14-l291","source":"χαλκίδα κικλήσκουσι θεοί, ἄνδρες δὲ κύμινδιν.","translation":"the gods call Chalcis, but men Cymindis.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l291.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χαλκίδα","lemma":"χαλκίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κικλήσκουσι","gloss":"Chalcis"},{"surface":"κικλήσκουσι","lemma":"κικλήσκω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"call"},{"surface":"θεοί","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of κικλήσκουσι","gloss":"the gods"},{"surface":"ἄνδρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κύμινδιν","lemma":"κύμινδις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Cymindis","note":"The bird receives one name from the gods and another from mortals, a traditional epic naming contrast."}]},{"number":292,"label":"292","id":"b14-l292","source":"Ἥρη δὲ κραιπνῶς προσεβήσετο Γάργαρον ἄκρον","translation":"Hera swiftly climbed to Gargaron's crest,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l292.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of προσεβήσετο","gloss":"Hera"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κραιπνῶς","lemma":"κραιπνός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσεβήσετο","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"προσεβήσετο","lemma":"προσβαίνω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"climbed up"},{"surface":"Γάργαρον","lemma":"Γάργαρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"Gargaron"},{"surface":"ἄκρον","lemma":"ἄκρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"the crest"}]},{"number":293,"label":"293","id":"b14-l293","source":"Ἴδης ὑψηλῆς· ἴδε δὲ νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς.","translation":"high on Ida; and Zeus the cloud-gatherer saw her.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l293.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἴδης","lemma":"Ἴδη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἄκρον","gloss":"of Ida"},{"surface":"ὑψηλῆς","lemma":"ὑψηλός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἴδης","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"ἴδε","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νεφεληγερέτα","lemma":"νεφεληγερέτα","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεύς","gloss":"cloud-gathering"},{"surface":"Ζεύς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἴδε","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":294,"label":"294","id":"b14-l294","source":"ὡς δʼ ἴδεν, ὥς μιν ἔρως πυκινὰς φρένας ἀμφεκάλυψεν,","translation":"As soon as he saw her, desire enfolded his shrewd heart,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l294.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἔρως πυκινὰς φρένας ἀμφεκάλυψεν","title":"Desire closes around the mind","body":"Homer makes desire the grammatical subject: it surrounds Zeus's πυκιναὶ φρένες, the close-packed or shrewd faculties of thought. The image presents desire as an enclosing force rather than a decision Zeus calmly makes."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴδεν","gloss":"as soon as"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴδεν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὥς","gloss":"he saw her"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀμφεκάλυψεν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀμφεκάλυψεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἔρως","lemma":"ἔρως","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀμφεκάλυψεν","gloss":"desire"},{"surface":"πυκινὰς","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρένας","gloss":"shrewd"},{"surface":"φρένας","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀμφεκάλυψεν","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἀμφεκάλυψεν","lemma":"ἀμφικαλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"enfolded"}]},{"number":295,"label":"295","id":"b14-l295","source":"οἷον ὅτε πρῶτόν περ ἐμισγέσθην φιλότητι","translation":"as when they first had mingled together in love,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l295.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἷον","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"just as"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐμισγέσθην","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"πρῶτόν","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter superlative adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐμισγέσθην","gloss":"the first time"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐμισγέσθην","lemma":"μίγνυμι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"adverbial to ἀμφεκάλυψεν","gloss":"they joined together","note":"The imperfect dual recalls their continuing secret union on that first occasion."},{"surface":"φιλότητι","lemma":"φιλότης","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐμισγέσθην","gloss":"in love"}]},{"number":296,"label":"296","id":"b14-l296","source":"εἰς εὐνὴν φοιτῶντε, φίλους λήθοντε τοκῆας.","translation":"going to bed and escaping their dear parents' notice.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l296.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"φοιτῶντε, φίλους λήθοντε τοκῆας","title":"Two lovers in the dual","body":"The participles φοιτῶντε and λήθοντε are dual forms, presenting Zeus and Hera as a pair: the two went to bed while eluding their parents. Greek marks their paired action directly in the verb forms."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"εὐνὴν","lemma":"εὐνή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"bed"},{"surface":"φοιτῶντε","lemma":"φοιτάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐμισγέσθην","gloss":"going repeatedly"},{"surface":"φίλους","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τοκῆας","gloss":"their dear"},{"surface":"λήθοντε","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐμισγέσθην","gloss":"escaping notice"},{"surface":"τοκῆας","lemma":"τοκεύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of λήθοντε","gloss":"parents"}]},{"number":297,"label":"297","id":"b14-l297","source":"στῆ δʼ αὐτῆς προπάροιθεν ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζεν·","translation":"He stood before her, spoke, and called her by name:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l297.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he stood"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὐτῆς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to προπάροιθεν","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"προπάροιθεν","lemma":"προπάροιθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔφατ̓","gloss":"a word"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ἔκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀνόμαζεν","lemma":"ὀνομάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called by name","note":"The separated preverb 'out' combines with 'called by name': an instance of epic tmesis."}]},{"number":298,"label":"298","id":"b14-l298","source":"Ἥρη πῇ μεμαυῖα κατʼ Οὐλύμπου τόδʼ ἱκάνεις;","translation":"\"Hera, what purpose brings you here down from Olympus?","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l298.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Hera"},{"surface":"πῇ","lemma":"πῆ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"adverbial to μεμαυῖα","gloss":"where intending"},{"surface":"μεμαυῖα","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἱκάνεις","gloss":"being eager"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"down from"},{"surface":"Οὐλύμπου","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of κατ̓","gloss":"Olympus"},{"surface":"τόδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἱκάνεις","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἱκάνεις","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do you come"}]},{"number":299,"label":"299","id":"b14-l299","source":"ἵπποι δʼ οὐ παρέασι καὶ ἅρματα τῶν κʼ ἐπιβαίης.","translation":"There are no horses or chariot here for you to mount.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l299.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"παρέασι","lemma":"πάρειμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are here"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅρματα","lemma":"ἅρμα","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"chariots"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἐπιβαίης","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"might"},{"surface":"ἐπιβαίης","lemma":"ἐπιβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἅρματα","gloss":"you could mount","note":"The optative with the modal particle expresses the potential action: a chariot that she might mount."}]},{"number":300,"label":"300","id":"b14-l300","source":"τὸν δὲ δολοφρονέουσα προσηύδα πότνια Ἥρη·","translation":"Then queenly Hera, planning deception, addressed him:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l300.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δολοφρονέουσα","title":"Planning deception","body":"The participle δολοφρονέουσα combines δόλος, a trick or snare, with the language of thought. Before Hera speaks, the narrator marks her answer as a calculated deception."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δολοφρονέουσα","lemma":"δολοφρονέων","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"planning deception"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"πότνια","lemma":"πότνια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"queenly"},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of προσηύδα","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":301,"label":"301","id":"b14-l301","source":"ἔρχομαι ὀψομένη πολυφόρβου πείρατα γαίης,","translation":"\"I am going to see the bounds of the all-nourishing earth,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l301.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔρχομαι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I am going"},{"surface":"ὀψομένη","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"future middle participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἔρχομαι","gloss":"to see","note":"The future middle participle expresses purpose after a verb of motion: she claims she is going in order to see."},{"surface":"πολυφόρβου","lemma":"πολύφορβος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαίης","gloss":"all-nourishing"},{"surface":"πείρατα","lemma":"πεῖραρ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"the bounds"},{"surface":"γαίης","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies πείρατα","gloss":"of earth"}]},{"number":302,"label":"302","id":"b14-l302","source":"Ὠκεανόν τε θεῶν γένεσιν καὶ μητέρα Τηθύν,","translation":"Oceanus, source of the gods, and mother Tethys,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l302.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ὠκεανόν","lemma":"Ὠκεανός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Oceanus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies γένεσιν","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"γένεσιν","lemma":"γένεσις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"source"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μητέρα","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Τηθύν","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"Τηθύν","lemma":"Τηθύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Tethys"}]},{"number":303,"label":"303","id":"b14-l303","source":"οἵ με σφοῖσι δόμοισιν ἐῢ τρέφον ἠδʼ ἀτίταλλον·","translation":"who in their own halls reared and cherished me well.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l303.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἠδ̓","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἠδ̓","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"σφοῖσι","lemma":"σφός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies δόμοισιν","gloss":"their own"},{"surface":"δόμοισιν","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἠδ̓","gloss":"in halls"},{"surface":"ἐῢ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τρέφον","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"τρέφον","lemma":"τρέφω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδ̓","gloss":"reared"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀτίταλλον","lemma":"ἀτιτάλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδ̓","gloss":"cherished"}]},{"number":304,"label":"304","id":"b14-l304","source":"τοὺς εἶμʼ ὀψομένη, καί σφʼ ἄκριτα νείκεα λύσω·","translation":"I am going to visit them and end their unresolved quarrels;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l304.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὀψομένη","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"εἶμ","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I am going"},{"surface":"ὀψομένη","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"future middle participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to εἶμ̓","gloss":"to visit"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφ","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to λύσω","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"ἄκριτα","lemma":"ἄκριτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies νείκεα","gloss":"unresolved"},{"surface":"νείκεα","lemma":"νεῖκος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of λύσω","gloss":"quarrels"},{"surface":"λύσω","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will end"}]},{"number":305,"label":"305","id":"b14-l305","source":"ἤδη γὰρ δηρὸν χρόνον ἀλλήλων ἀπέχονται","translation":"for a long time now they have kept apart from one another's","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l305.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπέχονται","gloss":"by now"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"δηρὸν","lemma":"δηρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χρόνον","gloss":"a long"},{"surface":"χρόνον","lemma":"χρόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπέχονται","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλων","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"ἀπέχονται","lemma":"ἀπέχω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they keep apart"}]},{"number":306,"label":"306","id":"b14-l306","source":"εὐνῆς καὶ φιλότητος, ἐπεὶ χόλος ἔμπεσε θυμῷ.","translation":"bed and love, since anger fell upon their hearts.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l306.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὐνῆς","lemma":"εὐνή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"from bed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φιλότητος","lemma":"φιλότης","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"from love"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"χόλος","lemma":"χόλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔμπεσε","gloss":"anger"},{"surface":"ἔμπεσε","lemma":"ἐμπίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"fell upon"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔμπεσε","gloss":"their hearts"}]},{"number":307,"label":"307","id":"b14-l307","source":"ἵπποι δʼ ἐν πρυμνωρείῃ πολυπίδακος Ἴδης","translation":"My horses stand at the foothills of many-fountained Ida,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l307.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἑστᾶσ̓","gloss":"my horses"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"πρυμνωρείῃ","lemma":"πρυμνώρεια","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the foothills"},{"surface":"πολυπίδακος","lemma":"πολυπῖδαξ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἴδης","gloss":"many-fountained"},{"surface":"Ἴδης","lemma":"Ἴδη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies πρυμνωρείῃ","gloss":"Ida"}]},{"number":308,"label":"308","id":"b14-l308","source":"ἑστᾶσʼ, οἵ μʼ οἴσουσιν ἐπὶ τραφερήν τε καὶ ὑγρήν.","translation":"and they will bear me over dry land and over sea.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l308.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐπὶ τραφερήν τε καὶ ὑγρήν","title":"The dry and the wet","body":"Homer pairs substantivized adjectives: τραφερή, the dry, means land, while ὑγρή, the wet, means sea. Together they span the whole route Hera claims she is about to travel."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἑστᾶσ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stand waiting","note":"The perfect denotes the horses' present standing state, ready where Hera left them."},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of οἴσουσιν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of οἴσουσιν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"οἴσουσιν","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἵπποι","gloss":"will carry"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"τραφερήν","lemma":"τραφερός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"dry land"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑγρήν","lemma":"ὑγρός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":309,"label":"309","id":"b14-l309","source":"νῦν δὲ σεῦ εἵνεκα δεῦρο κατʼ Οὐλύμπου τόδʼ ἱκάνω,","translation":"But now for your sake I have come down here from Olympus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l309.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἱκάνω","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σεῦ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἵνεκα","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"εἵνεκα","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for the sake of"},{"surface":"δεῦρο","lemma":"δεῦρο","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἱκάνω","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"down from"},{"surface":"Οὐλύμπου","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of κατ̓","gloss":"Olympus"},{"surface":"τόδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἱκάνω","gloss":"this place"},{"surface":"ἱκάνω","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I have come"}]},{"number":310,"label":"310","id":"b14-l310","source":"μή πώς μοι μετέπειτα χολώσεαι, αἴ κε σιωπῇ","translation":"lest afterward you should be angry with me if in silence","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l310.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"πώς","lemma":"πως","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to χολώσεαι","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of χολώσεαι","gloss":"with me"},{"surface":"μετέπειτα","lemma":"μετέπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to χολώσεαι","gloss":"afterward"},{"surface":"χολώσεαι","lemma":"χολόω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μή","gloss":"you should be angry"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"σιωπῇ","lemma":"σιωπή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to οἴχωμαι","gloss":"in silence"}]},{"number":311,"label":"311","id":"b14-l311","source":"οἴχωμαι πρὸς δῶμα βαθυρρόου Ὠκεανοῖο.","translation":"I went away to the house of deep-flowing Oceanus.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l311.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴχωμαι","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"I should go away","note":"The present subjunctive with the conditional particle completes Hera's imagined future condition."},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"δῶμα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"the house"},{"surface":"βαθυρρόου","lemma":"βαθύρροος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὠκεανοῖο","gloss":"deep-flowing"},{"surface":"Ὠκεανοῖο","lemma":"Ὠκεανός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δῶμα","gloss":"Oceanus"}]},{"number":312,"label":"312","id":"b14-l312","source":"τὴν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς·","translation":"Then Zeus the cloud-gatherer answered her and said:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l312.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"νεφεληγερέτα","lemma":"νεφεληγερέτα","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεύς","gloss":"cloud-gathering"},{"surface":"Ζεύς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":313,"label":"313","id":"b14-l313","source":"Ἥρη κεῖσε μὲν ἔστι καὶ ὕστερον ὁρμηθῆναι,","translation":"\"Hera, you may set out for there at some later time;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l313.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Hera"},{"surface":"κεῖσε","lemma":"ἐκεῖσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ὁρμηθῆναι","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it is possible"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ὕστερον","lemma":"ὕστερος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔστι","gloss":"later"},{"surface":"ὁρμηθῆναι","lemma":"ὁρμάω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"subject of ἔστι","gloss":"to set out"}]},{"number":314,"label":"314","id":"b14-l314","source":"νῶϊ δʼ ἄγʼ ἐν φιλότητι τραπείομεν εὐνηθέντε.","translation":"come, let us two turn now to love and lie together.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l314.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"νῶϊ δʼ ἄγʼ ἐν φιλότητι τραπείομεν εὐνηθέντε","title":"Zeus speaks for the pair","body":"The pronoun νῶϊ means we two, and εὐνηθέντε is a dual participle referring to Zeus and Hera lying together. The dual number makes his proposal explicitly about the pair."}],"words":[{"surface":"νῶϊ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τραπείομεν","gloss":"we two"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγ","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"φιλότητι","lemma":"φιλότης","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"love"},{"surface":"τραπείομεν","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"aorist passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us take delight"},{"surface":"εὐνηθέντε","lemma":"εὐνάω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to τραπείομεν","gloss":"having lain together","note":"The dual participle explicitly presents Zeus and Hera as the pair lying together."}]},{"number":315,"label":"315","id":"b14-l315","source":"οὐ γάρ πώ ποτέ μʼ ὧδε θεᾶς ἔρος οὐδὲ γυναικὸς","translation":"Never before has desire for goddess or mortal woman","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l315.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πώ","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἐδάμασσεν","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"ποτέ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἐδάμασσεν","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐδάμασσεν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐδάμασσεν","gloss":"so greatly"},{"surface":"θεᾶς","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies δὲ","gloss":"for a goddess"},{"surface":"ἔρος","lemma":"ἔρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐδάμασσεν","gloss":"desire"},{"surface":"γυναικὸς","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies δὲ","gloss":"for a woman"}]},{"number":316,"label":"316","id":"b14-l316","source":"θυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσι περιπροχυθεὶς ἐδάμασσεν,","translation":"so poured around the heart in my breast and mastered it—","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l316.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"περιπροχυθεὶς ἐδάμασσεν","title":"Desire poured around the heart","body":"The aorist passive participle περιπροχυθείς agrees with ἔρος, desire: desire is pictured as having been poured all around Zeus's heart before it masters him. The participle carries the enveloping image forward from line 294."}],"words":[{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐδάμασσεν","gloss":"my heart"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσι","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐνὶ","gloss":"my breast"},{"surface":"περιπροχυθεὶς","lemma":"περιπροχέομαι","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐδάμασσεν","gloss":"poured all around","note":"The passive participle pictures desire as a flood poured completely around Zeus's heart."},{"surface":"ἐδάμασσεν","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"mastered"}]},{"number":317,"label":"317","id":"b14-l317","source":"οὐδʼ ὁπότʼ ἠρασάμην Ἰξιονίης ἀλόχοιο,","translation":"not when I loved the wife of Ixion,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l317.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὁπότ","lemma":"ὁπότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠρασάμην","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἠρασάμην","lemma":"ἔραμαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"I loved"},{"surface":"Ἰξιονίης","lemma":"Ἰξίων","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλόχοιο","gloss":"of Ixion"},{"surface":"ἀλόχοιο","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἠρασάμην","gloss":"the wife"}]},{"number":318,"label":"318","id":"b14-l318","source":"ἣ τέκε Πειρίθοον θεόφιν μήστωρʼ ἀτάλαντον·","translation":"who bore Pirithous, a counselor equal to the gods;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l318.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of τέκε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τέκε","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀλόχοιο","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"Πειρίθοον","lemma":"Πειρίθοος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Pirithous"},{"surface":"θεόφιν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀτάλαντον","gloss":"to the gods"},{"surface":"μήστωρ","lemma":"μήστωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"a counselor"},{"surface":"ἀτάλαντον","lemma":"ἀτάλαντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μήστωῤ","gloss":"equal"}]},{"number":319,"label":"319","id":"b14-l319","source":"οὐδʼ ὅτε περ Δανάης καλλισφύρου Ἀκρισιώνης,","translation":"nor fair-ankled Danae, daughter of Acrisius,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l319.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"Δανάης","lemma":"Δανάη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Danae"},{"surface":"καλλισφύρου","lemma":"καλλίσφυρος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Δανάης","gloss":"fair-ankled"},{"surface":"Ἀκρισιώνης","lemma":"Ἀκρισιώνη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Δανάης","gloss":"daughter of Acrisius"}]},{"number":320,"label":"320","id":"b14-l320","source":"ἣ τέκε Περσῆα πάντων ἀριδείκετον ἀνδρῶν·","translation":"who bore Perseus, most renowned of all men;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l320.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of τέκε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τέκε","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Δανάης","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"Περσῆα","lemma":"Περσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τέκε","gloss":"Perseus"},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"of all"},{"surface":"ἀριδείκετον","lemma":"ἀριδείκετος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Περσῆα","gloss":"most renowned"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀριδείκετον","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":321,"label":"321","id":"b14-l321","source":"οὐδʼ ὅτε Φοίνικος κούρης τηλεκλειτοῖο,","translation":"nor the daughter of far-famed Phoenix,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l321.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"Φοίνικος","lemma":"Φοῖνιξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κούρης","gloss":"of Phoenix"},{"surface":"κούρης","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"the daughter"},{"surface":"τηλεκλειτοῖο","lemma":"τηλεκλειτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Φοίνικος","gloss":"far-famed"}]},{"number":322,"label":"322","id":"b14-l322","source":"ἣ τέκε μοι Μίνων τε καὶ ἀντίθεον Ῥαδάμανθυν·","translation":"who bore me Minos and godlike Rhadamanthus;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l322.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of τέκε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τέκε","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing κούρης","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to τέκε","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"Μίνων","lemma":"Μίνως","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Minos"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀντίθεον","lemma":"ἀντίθεος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ῥαδάμανθυν","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ῥαδάμανθυν","lemma":"Ῥαδάμανθυς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Rhadamanthus"}]},{"number":323,"label":"323","id":"b14-l323","source":"οὐδʼ ὅτε περ Σεμέλης οὐδʼ Ἀλκμήνης ἐνὶ Θήβῃ,","translation":"nor when I loved Semele or Alcmene in Thebes—","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l323.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"Σεμέλης","lemma":"Σεμέλη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Semele"},{"surface":"Ἀλκμήνης","lemma":"Ἀλκμήνη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Alcmene"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Θήβῃ","lemma":"Θήβη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"Thebes"}]},{"number":324,"label":"324","id":"b14-l324","source":"ἥ ῥʼ Ἡρακλῆα κρατερόφρονα γείνατο παῖδα·","translation":"Alcmene bore strong-hearted Heracles, her son,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l324.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of γείνατο","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ἡρακλῆα","lemma":"Ἡρακλέης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Heracles"},{"surface":"κρατερόφρονα","lemma":"κρατερόφρων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies παῖδα","gloss":"strong-hearted"},{"surface":"γείνατο","lemma":"γείνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἀλκμήνης","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"παῖδα","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"her son"}]},{"number":325,"label":"325","id":"b14-l325","source":"ἣ δὲ Διώνυσον Σεμέλη τέκε χάρμα βροτοῖσιν·","translation":"while Semele bore Dionysus, joy to mortals—","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l325.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies Σεμέλη","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"Διώνυσον","lemma":"Διόνυσος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Dionysus"},{"surface":"Σεμέλη","lemma":"Σεμέλη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τέκε","gloss":"Semele"},{"surface":"τέκε","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"χάρμα","lemma":"χάρμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"a joy"},{"surface":"βροτοῖσιν","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to χάρμα","gloss":"to mortals"}]},{"number":326,"label":"326","id":"b14-l326","source":"οὐδʼ ὅτε Δήμητρος καλλιπλοκάμοιο ἀνάσσης,","translation":"nor fair-tressed Demeter, the queen,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l326.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"Δήμητρος","lemma":"Δημήτηρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Demeter"},{"surface":"καλλιπλοκάμοιο","lemma":"καλλιπλόκαμος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνάσσης","gloss":"fair-tressed"},{"surface":"ἀνάσσης","lemma":"ἄνασσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Δήμητρος","gloss":"the queen"}]},{"number":327,"label":"327","id":"b14-l327","source":"οὐδʼ ὁπότε Λητοῦς ἐρικυδέος, οὐδὲ σεῦ αὐτῆς,","translation":"nor glorious Leto, nor even you yourself,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l327.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"ὁπότε","lemma":"ὁπότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"Λητοῦς","lemma":"Λητώ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Leto"},{"surface":"ἐρικυδέος","lemma":"ἐρικυδής","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Λητοῦς","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"σεῦ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"αὐτῆς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"yourself"}]},{"number":328,"label":"328","id":"b14-l328","source":"ὡς σέο νῦν ἔραμαι καί με γλυκὺς ἵμερος αἱρεῖ.","translation":"as I love you now, and sweet desire takes hold of me.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l328.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"σέο","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἔραμαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔραμαι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἔραμαι","lemma":"ἔραμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"I love"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of αἱρεῖ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"γλυκὺς","lemma":"γλυκύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵμερος","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"ἵμερος","lemma":"ἵμερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of αἱρεῖ","gloss":"desire"},{"surface":"αἱρεῖ","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"takes hold"}]},{"number":329,"label":"329","id":"b14-l329","source":"τὸν δὲ δολοφρονέουσα προσηύδα πότνια Ἥρη·","translation":"Then queenly Hera, planning deception, addressed him:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l329.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δολοφρονέουσα","lemma":"δολοφρονέων","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"planning deception"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"πότνια","lemma":"πότνια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"queenly"},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of προσηύδα","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":330,"label":"330","id":"b14-l330","source":"αἰνότατε Κρονίδη ποῖον τὸν μῦθον ἔειπες.","translation":"\"Most dread son of Cronos, what a word you have spoken!","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l330.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"αἰνότατε Κρονίδη ποῖον τὸν μῦθον ἔειπες","title":"Hera's repeated rebuke","body":"Hera uses the same complete rebuke she has used against Zeus earlier in the poem. Its exact return makes her resistance itself formulaic even while this particular answer advances her deception."}],"words":[{"surface":"αἰνότατε","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"vocative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"modifies Κρονίδη","gloss":"most dread"},{"surface":"Κρονίδη","lemma":"Κρονίδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son of Cronos"},{"surface":"ποῖον","lemma":"ποῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μῦθον","gloss":"what sort of"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies μῦθον","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔειπες","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ἔειπες","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you spoke"}]},{"number":331,"label":"331","id":"b14-l331","source":"εἰ νῦν ἐν φιλότητι λιλαίεαι εὐνηθῆναι","translation":"If now you long to lie together in love","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l331.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λιλαίεαι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φιλότητι","lemma":"φιλότης","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"love"},{"surface":"λιλαίεαι","lemma":"λιλαίομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"you long"},{"surface":"εὐνηθῆναι","lemma":"εὐνάω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"object of λιλαίεαι","gloss":"to lie together"}]},{"number":332,"label":"332","id":"b14-l332","source":"Ἴδης ἐν κορυφῇσι, τὰ δὲ προπέφανται ἅπαντα·","translation":"on Ida's peaks, where everything lies open to sight,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l332.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἴδης","lemma":"Ἴδη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies κορυφῇσι","gloss":"of Ida"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"κορυφῇσι","lemma":"κορυφή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the peaks"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter article","role":"modifies ἅπαντα","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"προπέφανται","lemma":"προφαίνω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lie fully exposed","note":"The perfect expresses the peaks' settled visibility: everything there stands revealed."},{"surface":"ἅπαντα","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of προπέφανται","gloss":"everything"}]},{"number":333,"label":"333","id":"b14-l333","source":"πῶς κʼ ἔοι εἴ τις νῶϊ θεῶν αἰειγενετάων","translation":"what if one of the ever-living gods should","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l333.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πῶς κʼ ἔοι εἴ τις","title":"An anxious possibility","body":"The optative ἔοι with κεν asks what the result might be, while εἴ τις opens Hera's imagined condition: what if some god saw them? The optative keeps the scene hypothetical as she builds her objection."}],"words":[{"surface":"πῶς","lemma":"πῶς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔοι","gloss":"how would it be"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"might"},{"surface":"ἔοι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it be"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀθρήσειε","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"νῶϊ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative dual masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀθρήσειε","gloss":"us two"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"αἰειγενετάων","lemma":"αἰειγενέτης","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεῶν","gloss":"ever-living"}]},{"number":334,"label":"334","id":"b14-l334","source":"εὕδοντʼ ἀθρήσειε, θεοῖσι δὲ πᾶσι μετελθὼν","translation":"see us sleeping, then go among all the gods","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l334.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὕδοντ","lemma":"εὕδω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative dual masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"sleeping"},{"surface":"ἀθρήσειε","lemma":"ἀθρέω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"should see"},{"surface":"θεοῖσι","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of πεφράδοι","gloss":"to the gods"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πᾶσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοῖσι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"μετελθὼν","lemma":"μετέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πεφράδοι","gloss":"having gone among"}]},{"number":335,"label":"335","id":"b14-l335","source":"πεφράδοι; οὐκ ἂν ἔγωγε τεὸν πρὸς δῶμα νεοίμην","translation":"and tell them? I could never return to your house","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l335.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πεφράδοι","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"should tell"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"ἔγωγε","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of νεοίμην","gloss":"I myself"},{"surface":"τεὸν","lemma":"τεός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶμα","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"δῶμα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"νεοίμην","lemma":"νέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"return","note":"The optative with the modal particle makes Hera's claim potential: she could not return."}]},{"number":336,"label":"336","id":"b14-l336","source":"ἐξ εὐνῆς ἀνστᾶσα, νεμεσσητὸν δέ κεν εἴη.","translation":"after rising from our bed; it would be shameful.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l336.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"εὐνῆς","lemma":"εὐνή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"our bed"},{"surface":"ἀνστᾶσα","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to νεοίμην","gloss":"having risen"},{"surface":"νεμεσσητὸν","lemma":"νεμεσητός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"shameful"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it be"}]},{"number":337,"label":"337","id":"b14-l337","source":"ἀλλʼ εἰ δή ῥʼ ἐθέλεις καί τοι φίλον ἔπλετο θυμῷ,","translation":"But if this is truly your wish and dear to your heart,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l337.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐθέλεις","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"you wish"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔπλετο","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἔπλετο","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"it is"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔπλετο","gloss":"in your heart"}]},{"number":338,"label":"338","id":"b14-l338","source":"ἔστιν τοι θάλαμος, τόν τοι φίλος υἱὸς ἔτευξεν","translation":"you have a chamber your own dear son built for you—","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l338.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔστιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there is"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔστιν","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"θάλαμος","lemma":"θάλαμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔστιν","gloss":"a chamber"},{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔτευξεν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔτευξεν","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"your dear"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἔτευξεν","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"built"}]},{"number":339,"label":"339","id":"b14-l339","source":"Ἥφαιστος, πυκινὰς δὲ θύρας σταθμοῖσιν ἐπῆρσεν·","translation":"Hephaestus, who fitted close-set doors upon its posts.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l339.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἥφαιστος","lemma":"Ἥφαιστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Hephaestus"},{"surface":"πυκινὰς","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies θύρας","gloss":"close-set"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θύρας","lemma":"θύρα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπῆρσεν","gloss":"doors"},{"surface":"σταθμοῖσιν","lemma":"σταθμός","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπῆρσεν","gloss":"upon the posts"},{"surface":"ἐπῆρσεν","lemma":"ἐπαραρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"fitted"}]},{"number":340,"label":"340","id":"b14-l340","source":"ἔνθʼ ἴομεν κείοντες, ἐπεί νύ τοι εὔαδεν εὐνή.","translation":"Let us go there to lie down, since a bed pleases you.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l340.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἴομεν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἴομεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us go"},{"surface":"κείοντες","lemma":"κείω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἴομεν","gloss":"to lie down"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εὔαδεν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"εὔαδεν","lemma":"ἁνδάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"pleases"},{"surface":"εὐνή","lemma":"εὐνή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of εὔαδεν","gloss":"a bed"}]},{"number":341,"label":"341","id":"b14-l341","source":"τὴν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς·","translation":"Then Zeus the cloud-gatherer answered her and said:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l341.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"νεφεληγερέτα","lemma":"νεφεληγερέτα","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεύς","gloss":"cloud-gathering"},{"surface":"Ζεύς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":342,"label":"342","id":"b14-l342","source":"Ἥρη μήτε θεῶν τό γε δείδιθι μήτέ τινʼ ἀνδρῶν","translation":"\"Hera, do not fear that any god or man","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l342.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Hera"},{"surface":"μήτε","lemma":"μήτε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies μήτέ","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"τό","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ὄψεσθαι","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"δείδιθι","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"perfect active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do not fear","note":"The perfect imperative uses a perfect form with present force: 'do not be afraid.'"},{"surface":"μήτέ","lemma":"μήτε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"τιν","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὄψεσθαι","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies μήτέ","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":343,"label":"343","id":"b14-l343","source":"ὄψεσθαι· τοῖόν τοι ἐγὼ νέφος ἀμφικαλύψω","translation":"will see you; such a cloud will I wrap around you,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l343.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄψεσθαι","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of δείδιθι","gloss":"will see"},{"surface":"τοῖόν","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies νέφος","gloss":"such a"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἀμφικαλύψω","gloss":"around you"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀμφικαλύψω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"νέφος","lemma":"νέφος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀμφικαλύψω","gloss":"cloud"},{"surface":"ἀμφικαλύψω","lemma":"ἀμφικαλύπτω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will wrap"}]},{"number":344,"label":"344","id":"b14-l344","source":"χρύσεον· οὐδʼ ἂν νῶϊ διαδράκοι Ἠέλιός περ,","translation":"a golden one—not even the Sun could see us through it,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l344.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"οὐδʼ ἂν νῶϊ διαδράκοι Ἠέλιός περ","title":"Not even the Sun could see","body":"The optative διαδράκοι with ἄν expresses what could happen under the proposed condition, here emphatically denied. The dual pronoun νῶϊ marks Zeus and Hera together as the pair hidden from sight."}],"words":[{"surface":"χρύσεον","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies νέφος","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"νῶϊ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative dual masculine pronoun","role":"object of διαδράκοι","gloss":"us two"},{"surface":"διαδράκοι","lemma":"διαδέρκομαι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"see through"},{"surface":"Ἠέλιός","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of διαδράκοι","gloss":"the Sun"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"}]},{"number":345,"label":"345","id":"b14-l345","source":"οὗ τε καὶ ὀξύτατον πέλεται φάος εἰσοράασθαι.","translation":"though his light is keenest of all for seeing.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l345.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὗ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies φάος","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ὀξύτατον","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter superlative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"keenest"},{"surface":"πέλεται","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἠέλιός","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"φάος","lemma":"φάος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of πέλεται","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"εἰσοράασθαι","lemma":"εἰσοράω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to πέλεται","gloss":"for seeing"}]},{"number":346,"label":"346","id":"b14-l346","source":"ἦ ῥα καὶ ἀγκὰς ἔμαρπτε Κρόνου παῖς ἣν παράκοιτιν·","translation":"So the son of Cronos caught his wife in his arms;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l346.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"so he spoke"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγκὰς","lemma":"ἀγκάς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔμαρπτε","gloss":"in his arms"},{"surface":"ἔμαρπτε","lemma":"μάρπτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"caught"},{"surface":"Κρόνου","lemma":"Κρόνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies παῖς","gloss":"of Cronos"},{"surface":"παῖς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔμαρπτε","gloss":"the son"},{"surface":"ἣν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies παράκοιτιν","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"παράκοιτιν","lemma":"παράκοιτις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔμαρπτε","gloss":"wife"}]},{"number":347,"label":"347","id":"b14-l347","source":"τοῖσι δʼ ὑπὸ χθὼν δῖα φύεν νεοθηλέα ποίην,","translation":"and divine earth sprouted fresh young grass beneath them,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l347.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὸ","gloss":"beneath them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"χθὼν","lemma":"χθών","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of φύεν","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"δῖα","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χθὼν","gloss":"divine"},{"surface":"φύεν","lemma":"φύω","morphology":"singular","role":"main verb","gloss":"sprouted"},{"surface":"νεοθηλέα","lemma":"νεοθηλής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ποίην","gloss":"fresh-growing"},{"surface":"ποίην","lemma":"πόα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἠδ̓","gloss":"grass"}]},{"number":348,"label":"348","id":"b14-l348","source":"λωτόν θʼ ἑρσήεντα ἰδὲ κρόκον ἠδʼ ὑάκινθον","translation":"dewy lotus, crocus, and hyacinth,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l348.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λωτόν","lemma":"λωτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδ̓","gloss":"lotus"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑρσήεντα","lemma":"ἑρσήεις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λωτόν","gloss":"dewy"},{"surface":"ἰδὲ","lemma":"ἰδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κρόκον","lemma":"κρόκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδ̓","gloss":"crocus"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑάκινθον","lemma":"ὑάκινθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδ̓","gloss":"hyacinth"}]},{"number":349,"label":"349","id":"b14-l349","source":"πυκνὸν καὶ μαλακόν, ὃς ἀπὸ χθονὸς ὑψόσʼ ἔεργε.","translation":"thick and soft, raising them high above the ground.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l349.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πυκνὸν","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"thick"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μαλακόν","lemma":"μαλακός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"soft"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔεργε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"χθονὸς","lemma":"χθών","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπὸ","gloss":"the ground"},{"surface":"ὑψόσ","lemma":"ὑψόσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔεργε","gloss":"high above"},{"surface":"ἔεργε","lemma":"ἔργω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ὑάκινθον","gloss":"held them"}]},{"number":350,"label":"350","id":"b14-l350","source":"τῷ ἔνι λεξάσθην, ἐπὶ δὲ νεφέλην ἕσσαντο","translation":"There they lay down and clothed themselves in a cloud,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l350.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔνι","gloss":"on it"},{"surface":"ἔνι","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"λεξάσθην","lemma":"λέγω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they two lay down","note":"The aorist middle dual focuses the paired action of Zeus and Hera settling themselves on the bed of flowers."},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"over themselves"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νεφέλην","lemma":"νεφέλη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἕσσαντο","gloss":"a cloud"},{"surface":"ἕσσαντο","lemma":"ἕννυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they clothed themselves"}]},{"number":351,"label":"351","id":"b14-l351","source":"καλὴν χρυσείην· στιλπναὶ δʼ ἀπέπιπτον ἔερσαι.","translation":"beautiful and golden; gleaming drops of dew fell from it.","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l351.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καλὴν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νεφέλην","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"χρυσείην","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νεφέλην","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"στιλπναὶ","lemma":"στιλπνός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἔερσαι","gloss":"gleaming"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπέπιπτον","lemma":"ἀποπίπτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell from it"},{"surface":"ἔερσαι","lemma":"ἔρσα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀπέπιπτον","gloss":"drops of dew"}]},{"number":352,"label":"352","id":"b14-l352","source":"ὣς ὃ μὲν ἀτρέμας εὗδε πατὴρ ἀνὰ Γαργάρῳ ἄκρῳ,","translation":"So the father slept motionless on Gargaron's height,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l352.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εὗδε","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies πατὴρ","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀτρέμας","lemma":"ἀτρέμας","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εὗδε","gloss":"motionless"},{"surface":"εὗδε","lemma":"εὕδω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slept"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εὗδε","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"Γαργάρῳ","lemma":"Γάργαρον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀνὰ","gloss":"Gargaron"},{"surface":"ἄκρῳ","lemma":"ἄκρος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies Γαργάρῳ","gloss":"high"}]},{"number":353,"label":"353","id":"b14-l353","source":"ὕπνῳ καὶ φιλότητι δαμείς, ἔχε δʼ ἀγκὰς ἄκοιτιν·","translation":"subdued by sleep and love, holding his wife in his arms.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l353.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὕπνῳ καὶ φιλότητι δαμείς","title":"Zeus subdued","body":"The aorist passive participle δαμείς uses the language of overpowering or conquest: Zeus has been subdued by both sleep and love. The two dative nouns name the forces that overcome him."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὕπνῳ","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"by sleep"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φιλότητι","lemma":"φιλότης","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"love"},{"surface":"δαμείς","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εὗδε","gloss":"subdued"},{"surface":"ἔχε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he held"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγκὰς","lemma":"ἀγκάς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχε","gloss":"in his arms"},{"surface":"ἄκοιτιν","lemma":"ἄκοιτις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχε","gloss":"his wife"}]},{"number":354,"label":"354","id":"b14-l354","source":"βῆ δὲ θέειν ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν νήδυμος Ὕπνος","translation":"Then sweet Sleep ran toward the ships of the Achaeans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l354.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he set off"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"θέειν","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"running","note":"The infinitive complements the motion verb: Sleep set off at a run."},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"of the Achaeans"},{"surface":"νήδυμος","lemma":"νήδυμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὕπνος","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"Ὕπνος","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βῆ","gloss":"Sleep"}]},{"number":355,"label":"355","id":"b14-l355","source":"ἀγγελίην ἐρέων γαιηόχῳ ἐννοσιγαίῳ·","translation":"to tell his message to the earth-holding Earth-shaker.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l355.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"γαιηόχῳ ἐννοσιγαίῳ","title":"The earth-holding Earth-shaker","body":"Two linked titles identify Poseidon without using his name: γαιήοχος presents him as holding the earth, and ἐννοσίγαιος as shaking it. The paired epithets hold together his encompassing power and its violent motion."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγγελίην","lemma":"ἀγγελία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐρέων","gloss":"a message"},{"surface":"ἐρέων","lemma":"ἐρῶ","morphology":"future active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"to tell","note":"The future participle expresses Sleep's purpose in running to Poseidon."},{"surface":"γαιηόχῳ","lemma":"γαιήοχος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐννοσιγαίῳ","gloss":"earth-holding"},{"surface":"ἐννοσιγαίῳ","lemma":"Ἐννοσίγαιος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐρέων","gloss":"Earth-shaker"}]},{"number":356,"label":"356","id":"b14-l356","source":"ἀγχοῦ δʼ ἱστάμενος ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"Standing close beside him, he addressed him with winged words:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l356.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγχοῦ","lemma":"ἀγχοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἱστάμενος","gloss":"close beside"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱστάμενος","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he addressed him"}]},{"number":357,"label":"357","id":"b14-l357","source":"πρόφρων νῦν Δαναοῖσι Ποσείδαον ἐπάμυνε,","translation":"\"Poseidon, now willingly defend the Danaans,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l357.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρόφρων","lemma":"πρόφρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"willingly"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπάμυνε","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Δαναοῖσι","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπάμυνε","gloss":"the Danaans"},{"surface":"Ποσείδαον","lemma":"Ποσειδῶν","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Poseidon"},{"surface":"ἐπάμυνε","lemma":"ἐπαμύνω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"defend"}]},{"number":358,"label":"358","id":"b14-l358","source":"καί σφιν κῦδος ὄπαζε μίνυνθά περ, ὄφρʼ ἔτι εὕδει","translation":"and grant them glory, if only briefly, while Zeus still sleeps,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l358.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὄπαζε","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"κῦδος","lemma":"κῦδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὄπαζε","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ὄπαζε","lemma":"ὀπάζω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grant"},{"surface":"μίνυνθά","lemma":"μίνυνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄπαζε","gloss":"briefly"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εὕδει","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εὕδει","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"εὕδει","lemma":"εὕδω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"he sleeps"}]},{"number":359,"label":"359","id":"b14-l359","source":"Ζεύς, ἐπεὶ αὐτῷ ἐγὼ μαλακὸν περὶ κῶμʼ ἐκάλυψα·","translation":"for I have wrapped a soft slumber all around him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l359.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεύς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εὕδει","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐκάλυψα","gloss":"around him"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐκάλυψα","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"μαλακὸν","lemma":"μαλακός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῶμ̓","gloss":"soft"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"all around"},{"surface":"κῶμ","lemma":"κῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκάλυψα","gloss":"slumber"},{"surface":"ἐκάλυψα","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"have wrapped"}]},{"number":360,"label":"360","id":"b14-l360","source":"Ἥρη δʼ ἐν φιλότητι παρήπαφεν εὐνηθῆναι.","translation":"and Hera tricked him into lying with her in love.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l360.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of παρήπαφεν","gloss":"Hera"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φιλότητι","lemma":"φιλότης","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"love"},{"surface":"παρήπαφεν","lemma":"παραπαφίσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tricked him"},{"surface":"εὐνηθῆναι","lemma":"εὐνάω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"object of παρήπαφεν","gloss":"into lying together"}]},{"number":361,"label":"361","id":"b14-l361","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν ὃ μὲν ᾤχετʼ ἐπὶ κλυτὰ φῦλʼ ἀνθρώπων,","translation":"So speaking, Sleep went away among the famed tribes of mortals,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l361.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ᾤχετ̓","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ᾤχετ̓","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for his part"},{"surface":"ᾤχετ","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went away"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"κλυτὰ","lemma":"κλυτός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies φῦλ̓","gloss":"famed"},{"surface":"φῦλ","lemma":"φῦλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"tribes"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies φῦλ̓","gloss":"of mortals"}]},{"number":362,"label":"362","id":"b14-l362","source":"τὸν δʼ ἔτι μᾶλλον ἀνῆκεν ἀμυνέμεναι Δαναοῖσιν.","translation":"and roused Poseidon still more to defend the Danaans.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l362.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀνῆκεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"μᾶλλον","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"comparative adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνῆκεν","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"ἀνῆκεν","lemma":"ἀνίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"roused"},{"surface":"ἀμυνέμεναι","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἀνῆκεν","gloss":"to defend"},{"surface":"Δαναοῖσιν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμυνέμεναι","gloss":"the Danaans"}]},{"number":363,"label":"363","id":"b14-l363","source":"αὐτίκα δʼ ἐν πρώτοισι μέγα προθορὼν ἐκέλευσεν·","translation":"At once he sprang far forward among the front ranks and urged them:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l363.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐκέλευσεν","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"πρώτοισι","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"dative plural masculine superlative adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the front ranks"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐκέλευσεν","gloss":"mightily"},{"surface":"προθορὼν","lemma":"προθρώσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐκέλευσεν","gloss":"springing forward"},{"surface":"ἐκέλευσεν","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he urged them"}]},{"number":364,"label":"364","id":"b14-l364","source":"Ἀργεῖοι καὶ δʼ αὖτε μεθίεμεν Ἕκτορι νίκην","translation":"\"Argives, do we once again yield victory to Hector,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l364.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργεῖοι","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Argives"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μεθίεμεν","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"μεθίεμεν","lemma":"μεθίημι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do we yield"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορι","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μεθίεμεν","gloss":"to Hector"},{"surface":"νίκην","lemma":"νίκη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of μεθίεμεν","gloss":"victory"}]},{"number":365,"label":"365","id":"b14-l365","source":"Πριαμίδῃ, ἵνα νῆας ἕλῃ καὶ κῦδος ἄρηται;","translation":"Priam's son, so that he may take the ships and win glory?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l365.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἵνα νῆας ἕλῃ καὶ κῦδος ἄρηται","title":"A purpose with ἵνα","body":"ἵνα introduces the outcome Poseidon rejects, while ἕλῃ and ἄρηται are aorist subjunctives: ‘so that he may take’ the ships and ‘win’ glory. The middle form ἄρηται presents the glory as something Hector wins for himself."}],"words":[{"surface":"Πριαμίδῃ","lemma":"Πριαμίδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἕκτορι","gloss":"son of Priam"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἕλῃ","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"ἕλῃ","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"he may take"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κῦδος","lemma":"κῦδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἄρηται","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ἄρηται","lemma":"αἴρω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"may win","note":"The middle subjunctive suggests Hector winning glory for himself."}]},{"number":366,"label":"366","id":"b14-l366","source":"ἀλλʼ ὃ μὲν οὕτω φησὶ καὶ εὔχεται οὕνεκʼ Ἀχιλλεὺς","translation":"That is what he claims and boasts, because Achilles","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l366.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οὕτω","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φησὶ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"claims"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὔχεται","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"boasts"},{"surface":"οὕνεκ","lemma":"οὕνεκα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μένει","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":367,"label":"367","id":"b14-l367","source":"νηυσὶν ἔπι γλαφυρῇσι μένει κεχολωμένος ἦτορ·","translation":"remains beside the hollow ships, wrathful at heart.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l367.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔπι","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"γλαφυρῇσι","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶν","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"μένει","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to οὕνεκ̓","gloss":"remains"},{"surface":"κεχολωμένος","lemma":"χολόω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μένει","gloss":"still angered","note":"The perfect participle presents Achilles' anger as an abiding state."},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κεχολωμένος","gloss":"at heart"}]},{"number":368,"label":"368","id":"b14-l368","source":"κείνου δʼ οὔ τι λίην ποθὴ ἔσσεται, εἴ κεν οἳ ἄλλοι","translation":"We shall not feel too sorely the lack of him, if we others","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l368.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κείνου","lemma":"κεῖνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποθὴ","gloss":"of him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔσσεται","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"λίην","lemma":"λίαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσσεται","gloss":"too sorely"},{"surface":"ποθὴ","lemma":"ποθή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔσσεται","gloss":"the lack"},{"surface":"ἔσσεται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be felt"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἄλλοι","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἡμεῖς","gloss":"others"}]},{"number":369,"label":"369","id":"b14-l369","source":"ἡμεῖς ὀτρυνώμεθʼ ἀμυνέμεν ἀλλήλοισιν.","translation":"rouse ourselves to stand in one another's defense.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l369.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμεῖς","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὀτρυνώμεθ̓","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"ὀτρυνώμεθ","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"rouse ourselves","note":"The middle subjunctive urges shared self-mobilization: 'if we stir ourselves.'"},{"surface":"ἀμυνέμεν","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ὀτρυνώμεθ̓","gloss":"to defend"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλοισιν","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀμυνέμεν","gloss":"one another"}]},{"number":370,"label":"370","id":"b14-l370","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγεθʼ ὡς ἂν ἐγὼ εἴπω πειθώμεθα πάντες·","translation":"Come, then, let all of us obey as I shall say:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l370.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πειθώμεθα πάντες","title":"A call to joint action","body":"πειθώμεθα is a present subjunctive used hortatorily: Poseidon includes himself in ‘let all of us obey.’ The wording of the full line is a recurring command formula and remains identical to its earlier appearances."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come then"},{"surface":"ἄγεθ","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴπω","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"shall"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴπω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"εἴπω","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to πειθώμεθα","gloss":"may say"},{"surface":"πειθώμεθα","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us obey"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of πειθώμεθα","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":371,"label":"371","id":"b14-l371","source":"ἀσπίδες ὅσσαι ἄρισται ἐνὶ στρατῷ ἠδὲ μέγισται","translation":"put on whatever shields in the army are best and largest,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l371.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀσπίδες","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"shields"},{"surface":"ὅσσαι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀσπίδες","gloss":"whichever"},{"surface":"ἄρισται","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine superlative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στρατῷ","lemma":"στρατός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐνὶ","gloss":"the army"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέγισται","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative plural feminine superlative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"largest"}]},{"number":372,"label":"372","id":"b14-l372","source":"ἑσσάμενοι, κεφαλὰς δὲ παναίθῃσιν κορύθεσσι","translation":"hide our heads beneath helmets all ablaze,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l372.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑσσάμενοι","lemma":"ἕννυμι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"having put on"},{"surface":"κεφαλὰς","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of κρύψαντες","gloss":"our heads"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παναίθῃσιν","lemma":"πάναιθος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies κορύθεσσι","gloss":"all-gleaming"},{"surface":"κορύθεσσι","lemma":"κόρυς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κρύψαντες","gloss":"with helmets"}]},{"number":373,"label":"373","id":"b14-l373","source":"κρύψαντες, χερσίν τε τὰ μακρότατʼ ἔγχεʼ ἑλόντες","translation":"and take the longest spears into our hands,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l373.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κρύψαντες","lemma":"κρύπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"having hidden"},{"surface":"χερσίν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἑλόντες","gloss":"in our hands"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter article","role":"modifies ἔγχἐ","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"μακρότατ","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter superlative adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχἐ","gloss":"longest"},{"surface":"ἔγχε","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἑλόντες","gloss":"spears"},{"surface":"ἑλόντες","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"having taken"}]},{"number":374,"label":"374","id":"b14-l374","source":"ἴομεν· αὐτὰρ ἐγὼν ἡγήσομαι, οὐδʼ ἔτι φημὶ","translation":"and let us go. I shall lead, and I do not think","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l374.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἴομεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us go"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἡγήσομαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἡγήσομαι","lemma":"ἡγέομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will lead"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φημὶ","gloss":"any longer"},{"surface":"φημὶ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I think"}]},{"number":375,"label":"375","id":"b14-l375","source":"Ἕκτορα Πριαμίδην μενέειν μάλα περ μεμαῶτα.","translation":"Hector, Priam's son, will stand firm, however fierce his fury.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l375.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορα","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μενέειν","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"Πριαμίδην","lemma":"Πριαμίδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἕκτορα","gloss":"son of Priam"},{"surface":"μενέειν","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of φημὶ","gloss":"will stand firm"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"μεμαῶτα","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μενέειν","gloss":"fiercely eager","note":"The perfect participle denotes Hector's settled battle-fury, concessive with the intensifying particle."}]},{"number":376,"label":"376","id":"b14-l376","source":"ὃς δέ κʼ ἀνὴρ μενέχαρμος, ἔχει δʼ ὀλίγον σάκος ὤμῳ,","translation":"Any steadfast fighter who bears a little shield on his shoulder","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l376.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μενέχαρμος","title":"Steadfast in battle","body":"μενέχαρμος compresses the idea of standing firm in battle into one compound. Poseidon is not criticizing the fighter's courage, only ordering him to exchange inadequate equipment for a larger shield."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"μενέχαρμος","lemma":"μενεχάρμης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"steadfast in battle"},{"surface":"ἔχει","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"bears"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὀλίγον","lemma":"ὀλίγος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σάκος","gloss":"a small"},{"surface":"σάκος","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχει","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"ὤμῳ","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔχει","gloss":"on his shoulder"}]},{"number":377,"label":"377","id":"b14-l377","source":"χείρονι φωτὶ δότω, ὃ δʼ ἐν ἀσπίδι μείζονι δύτω.","translation":"must give it to a lesser man and arm himself with a larger one.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l377.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χείρονι","lemma":"χείρων","morphology":"dative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"modifies φωτὶ","gloss":"to a lesser"},{"surface":"φωτὶ","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δότω","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"δότω","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let him give it"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δύτω","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἀσπίδι","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"a shield"},{"surface":"μείζονι","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"dative singular feminine comparative adjective","role":"modifies ἀσπίδι","gloss":"larger"},{"surface":"δύτω","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let him arm himself","note":"The third-person imperatives issue a general command to each lesser-equipped fighter."}]},{"number":378,"label":"378","id":"b14-l378","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄρα τοῦ μάλα μὲν κλύον ἠδὲ πίθοντο·","translation":"So he spoke, and they listened closely and obeyed him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l378.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄρα τοῦ μάλα μὲν κλύον ἠδὲ πίθοντο","title":"A repeated obedience formula","body":"This entire Greek line recurs when a command is heard and accepted. Its English is therefore repeated verbatim from the established rendering."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἠδὲ","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κλύον","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"closely"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κλύον","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"listened"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πίθοντο","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"obeyed"}]},{"number":379,"label":"379","id":"b14-l379","source":"τοὺς δʼ αὐτοὶ βασιλῆες ἐκόσμεον οὐτάμενοί περ","translation":"The wounded kings themselves marshaled the men—","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l379.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐκόσμεον","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτοὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"βασιλῆες","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"the kings"},{"surface":"ἐκόσμεον","lemma":"κοσμέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were marshaling"},{"surface":"οὐτάμενοί","lemma":"οὐτάω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐκόσμεον","gloss":"though wounded"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"}]},{"number":380,"label":"380","id":"b14-l380","source":"Τυδεΐδης Ὀδυσεύς τε καὶ Ἀτρεΐδης Ἀγαμέμνων·","translation":"the son of Tydeus, Odysseus, and Atreus' son Agamemnon.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l380.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τυδεΐδης","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"son of Tydeus"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδης","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":381,"label":"381","id":"b14-l381","source":"οἰχόμενοι δʼ ἐπὶ πάντας ἀρήϊα τεύχεʼ ἄμειβον·","translation":"They went among them all and exchanged their war gear:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l381.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἰχόμενοι","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἄμειβον","gloss":"going among them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀρήϊα","lemma":"ἄρειος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεύχἐ","gloss":"warlike"},{"surface":"τεύχε","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἄμειβον","gloss":"gear"},{"surface":"ἄμειβον","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they exchanged"}]},{"number":382,"label":"382","id":"b14-l382","source":"ἐσθλὰ μὲν ἐσθλὸς ἔδυνε, χέρεια δὲ χείρονι δόσκεν.","translation":"a good man donned good armor, and gave the worse to a lesser man.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l382.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἐσθλὰ μὲν ἐσθλὸς ἔδυνε, χέρεια δὲ χείρονι δόσκεν","title":"Equipment matched to the fighter","body":"Homer balances the substantival adjectives tightly: the good man takes good gear, while inferior gear goes to an inferior man. The comparative χείρονι is dative because it marks the recipient."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐσθλὰ","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔδυνε","gloss":"good armor"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐσθλὸς","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἔδυνε","gloss":"a good man"},{"surface":"ἔδυνε","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"donned"},{"surface":"χέρεια","lemma":"χείρων","morphology":"accusative plural neuter comparative adjective","role":"object of δόσκεν","gloss":"worse armor"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"χείρονι","lemma":"χείρων","morphology":"dative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"object of δόσκεν","gloss":"to a lesser man"},{"surface":"δόσκεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he would give","note":"The imperfect describes the repeated redistribution of gear throughout the ranks."}]},{"number":383,"label":"383","id":"b14-l383","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεί ῥʼ ἕσσαντο περὶ χροῒ νώροπα χαλκὸν","translation":"When they had clothed their bodies round in flashing bronze,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l383.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἕσσαντο","lemma":"ἕννυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"they clothed themselves"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"χροῒ","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"their bodies"},{"surface":"νώροπα","lemma":"νῶροψ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκὸν","gloss":"flashing"},{"surface":"χαλκὸν","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕσσαντο","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":384,"label":"384","id":"b14-l384","source":"βάν ῥʼ ἴμεν· ἦρχε δʼ ἄρά σφι Ποσειδάων ἐνοσίχθων","translation":"they set out, and Poseidon the earth-shaker led them,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l384.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βάν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they set out"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἴμεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to βάν","gloss":"to go","note":"The infinitive complements the motion verb in the epic phrase 'they set out to go.'"},{"surface":"ἦρχε","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was leading"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"σφι","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦρχε","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"Ποσειδάων","lemma":"Ποσειδεών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦρχε","gloss":"Poseidon"},{"surface":"ἐνοσίχθων","lemma":"Ἐνοσίχθων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ποσειδάων","gloss":"Earth-shaker"}]},{"number":385,"label":"385","id":"b14-l385","source":"δεινὸν ἄορ τανύηκες ἔχων ἐν χειρὶ παχείῃ","translation":"holding a dread, long-edged sword in his mighty hand,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l385.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεινὸν","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄορ","gloss":"dread"},{"surface":"ἄορ","lemma":"ἄορ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχων","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"τανύηκες","lemma":"τανυήκης","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄορ","gloss":"long-edged"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦρχε","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χειρὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"his hand"},{"surface":"παχείῃ","lemma":"παχύς","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χειρὶ","gloss":"mighty"}]},{"number":386,"label":"386","id":"b14-l386","source":"εἴκελον ἀστεροπῇ· τῷ δʼ οὐ θέμις ἐστὶ μιγῆναι","translation":"like lightning. No man is permitted to meet it","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l386.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴκελον","lemma":"εἴκελος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄορ","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ἀστεροπῇ","lemma":"ἀστεροπή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἴκελον","gloss":"lightning"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of μιγῆναι","gloss":"with it"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"θέμις","lemma":"θέμις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"permitted"},{"surface":"ἐστὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"μιγῆναι","lemma":"μίγνυμι","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"subject of ἐστὶ","gloss":"to meet"}]},{"number":387,"label":"387","id":"b14-l387","source":"ἐν δαῒ λευγαλέῃ, ἀλλὰ δέος ἰσχάνει ἄνδρας.","translation":"in grievous battle; fear holds men back.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l387.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δαῒ","lemma":"δάις","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"λευγαλέῃ","lemma":"λευγαλέος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies δαῒ","gloss":"grievous"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"δέος","lemma":"δέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἰσχάνει","gloss":"fear"},{"surface":"ἰσχάνει","lemma":"ἰσχάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"holds back"},{"surface":"ἄνδρας","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἰσχάνει","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":388,"label":"388","id":"b14-l388","source":"Τρῶας δʼ αὖθʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἐκόσμει φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ.","translation":"Across from them glorious Hector marshaled the Trojans.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l388.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶας","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκόσμει","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖθ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"ἑτέρωθεν","lemma":"ἑτέρωθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐκόσμει","gloss":"on the other side"},{"surface":"ἐκόσμει","lemma":"κοσμέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was marshaling"},{"surface":"φαίδιμος","lemma":"φαίδιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐκόσμει","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":389,"label":"389","id":"b14-l389","source":"δή ῥα τότʼ αἰνοτάτην ἔριδα πτολέμοιο τάνυσσαν","translation":"Then they stretched out the most dreadful strife of war—","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l389.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τότ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τάνυσσαν","gloss":"at that moment"},{"surface":"αἰνοτάτην","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine superlative adjective","role":"modifies ἔριδα","gloss":"most dreadful"},{"surface":"ἔριδα","lemma":"ἔρις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τάνυσσαν","gloss":"strife"},{"surface":"πτολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἔριδα","gloss":"of war"},{"surface":"τάνυσσαν","lemma":"τανύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they stretched out"}]},{"number":390,"label":"390","id":"b14-l390","source":"κυανοχαῖτα Ποσειδάων καὶ φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ,","translation":"dark-haired Poseidon and glorious Hector—","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l390.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κυανοχαῖτα Ποσειδάων","title":"Dark-haired Poseidon","body":"κυανοχαίτης is Poseidon's dark-haired epithet, built from κύανος, a deep dark blue, and χαίτη, ‘hair.’ Here it stands against φαίδιμος, ‘glorious,’ applied to Hector in the balanced line."}],"words":[{"surface":"κυανοχαῖτα","lemma":"κυανοχαίτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ποσειδάων","gloss":"dark-haired"},{"surface":"Ποσειδάων","lemma":"Ποσειδεών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Poseidon"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φαίδιμος","lemma":"φαίδιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":391,"label":"391","id":"b14-l391","source":"ἤτοι ὃ μὲν Τρώεσσιν, ὃ δʼ Ἀργείοισιν ἀρήγων.","translation":"Hector aiding the Trojans, Poseidon the Argives.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l391.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"the one"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one side"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσιν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀρήγων","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ἀργείοισιν","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀρήγων","gloss":"the Argives"},{"surface":"ἀρήγων","lemma":"ἀρήγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"aiding"}]},{"number":392,"label":"392","id":"b14-l392","source":"ἐκλύσθη δὲ θάλασσα ποτὶ κλισίας τε νέας τε","translation":"The sea broke loose toward the huts and ships","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l392.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκλύσθη","lemma":"κλύζω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"broke loose"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θάλασσα","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐκλύσθη","gloss":"the sea"},{"surface":"ποτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"κλισίας","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"the huts"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"νέας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":393,"label":"393","id":"b14-l393","source":"Ἀργείων· οἳ δὲ ξύνισαν μεγάλῳ ἀλαλητῷ.","translation":"of the Argives, and the armies met with a mighty cry.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l393.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργείων","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νέας","gloss":"of the Argives"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ξύνισαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ξύνισαν","lemma":"σύνειμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"met together"},{"surface":"μεγάλῳ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλαλητῷ","gloss":"with a mighty"},{"surface":"ἀλαλητῷ","lemma":"ἀλαλητός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ξύνισαν","gloss":"battle cry"}]},{"number":394,"label":"394","id":"b14-l394","source":"οὔτε θαλάσσης κῦμα τόσον βοάᾳ ποτὶ χέρσον","translation":"Not so loudly does a wave of the sea roar against the land,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l394.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θαλάσσης","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies κῦμα","gloss":"of the sea"},{"surface":"κῦμα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of βοάᾳ","gloss":"a wave"},{"surface":"τόσον","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to βοάᾳ","gloss":"so loudly"},{"surface":"βοάᾳ","lemma":"βοάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"roars"},{"surface":"ποτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"χέρσον","lemma":"χέρσος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ποτὶ","gloss":"the land"}]},{"number":395,"label":"395","id":"b14-l395","source":"ποντόθεν ὀρνύμενον πνοιῇ Βορέω ἀλεγεινῇ·","translation":"rising from the deep beneath the bitter blast of Boreas;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l395.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ποντόθεν","lemma":"ποντόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ὀρνύμενον","gloss":"from the deep"},{"surface":"ὀρνύμενον","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular neuter","role":"adverbial to βοάᾳ","gloss":"rising"},{"surface":"πνοιῇ","lemma":"πνοή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὀρνύμενον","gloss":"beneath the blast"},{"surface":"Βορέω","lemma":"Βορέας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πνοιῇ","gloss":"of Boreas"},{"surface":"ἀλεγεινῇ","lemma":"ἀλεγεινός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πνοιῇ","gloss":"bitter"}]},{"number":396,"label":"396","id":"b14-l396","source":"οὔτε πυρὸς τόσσός γε ποτὶ βρόμος αἰθομένοιο","translation":"nor so great is the roar of blazing fire","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l396.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πυρὸς","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies βρόμος","gloss":"of fire"},{"surface":"τόσσός","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"so great"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ποτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in comparison"},{"surface":"βρόμος","lemma":"βρόμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"the roar"},{"surface":"αἰθομένοιο","lemma":"αἴθω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular neuter","role":"modifies πυρὸς","gloss":"blazing"}]},{"number":397,"label":"397","id":"b14-l397","source":"οὔρεος ἐν βήσσῃς, ὅτε τʼ ὤρετο καιέμεν ὕλην·","translation":"in mountain glens, when it rises to burn the woods;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l397.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔρεος","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies βήσσῃς","gloss":"of a mountain"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"βήσσῃς","lemma":"βῆσσα","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the glens"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὤρετο","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὤρετο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"it rises"},{"surface":"καιέμεν","lemma":"καίω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ὤρετο","gloss":"to burn","note":"The infinitive gives the purpose of the fire's rising: to consume the woods."},{"surface":"ὕλην","lemma":"ὕλη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καιέμεν","gloss":"the woods"}]},{"number":398,"label":"398","id":"b14-l398","source":"οὔτʼ ἄνεμος τόσσόν γε περὶ δρυσὶν ὑψικόμοισι","translation":"nor does the wind scream so loudly round high-crested oaks,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l398.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄνεμος","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠπύει","gloss":"the wind"},{"surface":"τόσσόν","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἠπύει","gloss":"so loudly"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δρυσὶν","lemma":"δρῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"oaks"},{"surface":"ὑψικόμοισι","lemma":"ὑψίκομος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies δρυσὶν","gloss":"high-crested"}]},{"number":399,"label":"399","id":"b14-l399","source":"ἠπύει, ὅς τε μάλιστα μέγα βρέμεται χαλεπαίνων,","translation":"the wind that roars most greatly in its rage,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l399.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠπύει","lemma":"ἠπύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"screams"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βρέμεται","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"superlative adverb","role":"adverbial to μέγα","gloss":"most greatly"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to βρέμεται","gloss":"loudly"},{"surface":"βρέμεται","lemma":"βρέμω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἄνεμος","gloss":"roars"},{"surface":"χαλεπαίνων","lemma":"χαλεπαίνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βρέμεται","gloss":"raging"}]},{"number":400,"label":"400","id":"b14-l400","source":"ὅσση ἄρα Τρώων καὶ Ἀχαιῶν ἔπλετο φωνὴ","translation":"as the voice of Trojans and Achaeans, shouting terribly,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l400.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὅσση ἄρα Τρώων καὶ Ἀχαιῶν ἔπλετο φωνὴ","title":"The simile's answering clause","body":"After three οὔτε clauses deny that wave, fire, or wind is so loud, ὅσση supplies the comparison's answer: so great was the armies' voice. The long suspended structure makes the human battle-cry surpass all three elemental sounds."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὅσση","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"so great"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of Trojans"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"Achaeans"},{"surface":"ἔπλετο","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τόσσόν","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"φωνὴ","lemma":"φωνή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔπλετο","gloss":"the voice"}]},{"number":401,"label":"401","id":"b14-l401","source":"δεινὸν ἀϋσάντων, ὅτʼ ἐπʼ ἀλλήλοισιν ὄρουσαν.","translation":"when they sprang against each other.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l401.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεινὸν","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀϋσάντων","gloss":"terribly"},{"surface":"ἀϋσάντων","lemma":"αὔω","morphology":"aorist active participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"modifies Ἀχαιῶν","gloss":"shouting"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄρουσαν","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλοισιν","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"ὄρουσαν","lemma":"ὀρούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἔπλετο","gloss":"they sprang"}]},{"number":402,"label":"402","id":"b14-l402","source":"Αἴαντος δὲ πρῶτος ἀκόντισε φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ","translation":"Glorious Hector first cast at Ajax","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l402.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἴαντος","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀκόντισε","gloss":"at Ajax"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πρῶτος","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ἀκόντισε","lemma":"ἀκοντίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"φαίδιμος","lemma":"φαίδιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀκόντισε","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":403,"label":"403","id":"b14-l403","source":"ἔγχει, ἐπεὶ τέτραπτο πρὸς ἰθύ οἱ, οὐδʼ ἀφάμαρτε,","translation":"with his spear, since Ajax faced him straight on, nor did he miss,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l403.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔγχει","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀκόντισε","gloss":"with his spear"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"τέτραπτο","lemma":"τρέπω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"had turned"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"ἰθύ","lemma":"ἰθύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to πρὸς","gloss":"straight on"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τέτραπτο","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἀφάμαρτε","lemma":"ἀφαμαρτάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he did not miss"}]},{"number":404,"label":"404","id":"b14-l404","source":"τῇ ῥα δύω τελαμῶνε περὶ στήθεσσι τετάσθην,","translation":"striking where the two straps crossed upon his chest,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l404.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"δύω τελαμῶνε","title":"The two crossed straps","body":"τελαμῶνε is dual, agreeing with δύω, ‘two.’ The next line identifies the pair as the shield-strap and the sword-strap, whose crossing protects Ajax's chest from the spear."}],"words":[{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"τῇ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τετάσθην","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies τελαμῶνε","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"τελαμῶνε","lemma":"τελαμών","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"straps"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"across"},{"surface":"στήθεσσι","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"his chest"},{"surface":"τετάσθην","lemma":"τείνω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"object of ἀφάμαρτε","gloss":"had been stretched","note":"The pluperfect dual describes the two straps already lying crossed across Ajax's chest."}]},{"number":405,"label":"405","id":"b14-l405","source":"ἤτοι ὃ μὲν σάκεος, ὃ δὲ φασγάνου ἀργυροήλου·","translation":"one of his shield, the other of his silver-studded sword;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l405.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"namely"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"the one"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one side"},{"surface":"σάκεος","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ὃ","gloss":"of his shield"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φασγάνου","lemma":"φάσγανον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ὃ","gloss":"of his sword"},{"surface":"ἀργυροήλου","lemma":"ἀργυρόηλος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies φασγάνου","gloss":"silver-studded"}]},{"number":406,"label":"406","id":"b14-l406","source":"τώ οἱ ῥυσάσθην τέρενα χρόα. χώσατο δʼ Ἕκτωρ,","translation":"and these kept his tender flesh from harm. Hector grew angry","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l406.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τώ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ῥυσάσθην","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ῥυσάσθην","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"ῥυσάσθην","lemma":"ῥύομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kept safe","note":"The middle dual makes the two straps jointly responsible for protecting Ajax."},{"surface":"τέρενα","lemma":"τέρην","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χρόα","gloss":"tender"},{"surface":"χρόα","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ῥυσάσθην","gloss":"flesh"},{"surface":"χώσατο","lemma":"χώομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grew angry"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of χώσατο","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":407,"label":"407","id":"b14-l407","source":"ὅττί ῥά οἱ βέλος ὠκὺ ἐτώσιον ἔκφυγε χειρός,","translation":"because his swift weapon had flown vainly from his hand,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l407.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅττί","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔκφυγε","gloss":"from him"},{"surface":"βέλος","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔκφυγε","gloss":"the weapon"},{"surface":"ὠκὺ","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies βέλος","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἐτώσιον","lemma":"ἐτώσιος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"in vain"},{"surface":"ἔκφυγε","lemma":"ἐκφεύγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ὅττί","gloss":"had flown"},{"surface":"χειρός","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔκφυγε","gloss":"from his hand"}]},{"number":408,"label":"408","id":"b14-l408","source":"ἂψ δʼ ἑτάρων εἰς ἔθνος ἐχάζετο κῆρʼ ἀλεείνων.","translation":"and he shrank back into the throng of his comrades, avoiding death.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l408.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐχάζετο","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑτάρων","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἔθνος","gloss":"of his comrades"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"ἔθνος","lemma":"ἔθνος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"the throng"},{"surface":"ἐχάζετο","lemma":"χάζω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he shrank"},{"surface":"κῆρ","lemma":"κήρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀλεείνων","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"ἀλεείνων","lemma":"ἀλεείνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐχάζετο","gloss":"avoiding"}]},{"number":409,"label":"409","id":"b14-l409","source":"τὸν μὲν ἔπειτʼ ἀπιόντα μέγας Τελαμώνιος Αἴας","translation":"Then as he drew away, great Telamonian Ajax","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l409.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of βεβλήκει","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βεβλήκει","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀπιόντα","lemma":"ἄπειμι","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"drawing away"},{"surface":"μέγας","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"Τελαμώνιος","lemma":"Τελαμών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"Telamonian"},{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βεβλήκει","gloss":"Ajax"}]},{"number":410,"label":"410","id":"b14-l410","source":"χερμαδίῳ, τά ῥα πολλὰ θοάων ἔχματα νηῶν","translation":"with a stone—many such supports for the swift ships","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l410.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θοάων ἔχματα νηῶν","title":"Supports for the beached ships","body":"ἔχματα are props or supports placed beside the beached ships to hold them steady. Ajax seizes one of these working stones from underfoot, not a stone carried to battle as a weapon."}],"words":[{"surface":"χερμαδίῳ","lemma":"χερμάδιον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to βεβλήκει","gloss":"with a stone"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τά","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"θοάων","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῶν","gloss":"of the swift"},{"surface":"ἔχματα","lemma":"ἔχμα","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"supports"},{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἔχματα","gloss":"ships"}]},{"number":411,"label":"411","id":"b14-l411","source":"πὰρ ποσὶ μαρναμένων ἐκυλίνδετο, τῶν ἓν ἀείρας","translation":"rolled under the fighters' feet—lifted one,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l411.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"ποσὶ","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πὰρ","gloss":"the feet"},{"surface":"μαρναμένων","lemma":"μάρναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"modifies ποσὶ","gloss":"of the fighters"},{"surface":"ἐκυλίνδετο","lemma":"κυλίνδω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing χερμαδίῳ","gloss":"were rolling"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἓν","gloss":"of them"},{"surface":"ἓν","lemma":"εἵς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀείρας","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ἀείρας","lemma":"ἀείρω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βεβλήκει","gloss":"having lifted"}]},{"number":412,"label":"412","id":"b14-l412","source":"στῆθος βεβλήκει ὑπὲρ ἄντυγος ἀγχόθι δειρῆς,","translation":"and struck him on the chest, above the shield-rim, close to the neck;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l412.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆθος","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of βεβλήκει","gloss":"the chest"},{"surface":"βεβλήκει","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had struck","note":"The pluperfect resumes the completed blow after the parenthetical description of the stone."},{"surface":"ὑπὲρ","lemma":"ὑπέρ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"ἄντυγος","lemma":"ἄντυξ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὲρ","gloss":"the shield-rim"},{"surface":"ἀγχόθι","lemma":"ἀγχόθι","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"close to"},{"surface":"δειρῆς","lemma":"δειρή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀγχόθι","gloss":"the neck"}]},{"number":413,"label":"413","id":"b14-l413","source":"στρόμβον δʼ ὣς ἔσσευε βαλών, περὶ δʼ ἔδραμε πάντῃ.","translation":"the blow sent him spinning like a top and whirling every way.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l413.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"στρόμβον δʼ ὣς","title":"Spinning like a top","body":"στρόμβος is a spinning top or whirling object. The compact comparison fixes the stone's immediate effect on Hector before the larger thunderstruck-oak simile describes his fall."}],"words":[{"surface":"στρόμβον","lemma":"στρόμβος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"like a top"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔσσευε","lemma":"σεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent him spinning"},{"surface":"βαλών","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔσσευε","gloss":"having struck"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"round"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔδραμε","lemma":"τρέχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he whirled"},{"surface":"πάντῃ","lemma":"πάντῃ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔδραμε","gloss":"every way"}]},{"number":414,"label":"414","id":"b14-l414","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅθʼ ὑπὸ πληγῆς πατρὸς Διὸς ἐξερίπῃ δρῦς","translation":"As when beneath the stroke of father Zeus an oak falls","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l414.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅθ","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"πληγῆς","lemma":"πληγή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὸ","gloss":"the stroke"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"of father"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πληγῆς","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ἐξερίπῃ","lemma":"ἐξερείπω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"falls"},{"surface":"δρῦς","lemma":"δρῦς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐξερίπῃ","gloss":"an oak"}]},{"number":415,"label":"415","id":"b14-l415","source":"πρόρριζος, δεινὴ δὲ θεείου γίγνεται ὀδμὴ","translation":"uprooted, and a terrible smell of sulfur rises","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l415.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρόρριζος","lemma":"πρόρριζος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"uprooted"},{"surface":"δεινὴ","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὀδμὴ","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεείου","lemma":"θεῖον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ὀδμὴ","gloss":"of sulfur"},{"surface":"γίγνεται","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"arises"},{"surface":"ὀδμὴ","lemma":"ὀσμή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of γίγνεται","gloss":"a smell"}]},{"number":416,"label":"416","id":"b14-l416","source":"ἐξ αὐτῆς, τὸν δʼ οὔ περ ἔχει θράσος ὅς κεν ἴδηται","translation":"from the tree; courage does not hold the man who sees it","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l416.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"αὐτῆς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"the tree itself"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔχει","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἔχει","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"holds"},{"surface":"θράσος","lemma":"θράσος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔχει","gloss":"courage"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἴδηται","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"ἴδηται","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τὸν","gloss":"sees it"}]},{"number":417,"label":"417","id":"b14-l417","source":"ἐγγὺς ἐών, χαλεπὸς δὲ Διὸς μεγάλοιο κεραυνός,","translation":"from close at hand, for dread is the great thunderbolt of Zeus—","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l417.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐγγὺς","lemma":"ἐγγύς","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"close at hand"},{"surface":"ἐών","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἴδηται","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"χαλεπὸς","lemma":"χαλεπός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"dread"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κεραυνός","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"μεγάλοιο","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"κεραυνός","lemma":"κεραυνός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"the thunderbolt"}]},{"number":418,"label":"418","id":"b14-l418","source":"ὣς ἔπεσʼ Ἕκτορος ὦκα χαμαὶ μένος ἐν κονίῃσι·","translation":"so Hector's strength fell swiftly to the ground in the dust.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l418.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔπεσ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔπεσ","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορος","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"Hector's"},{"surface":"ὦκα","lemma":"ὦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔπεσ̓","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"χαμαὶ","lemma":"χαμαί","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἔπεσ̓","gloss":"to the ground"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔπεσ̓","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κονίῃσι","lemma":"κονία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the dust"}]},{"number":419,"label":"419","id":"b14-l419","source":"χειρὸς δʼ ἔκβαλεν ἔγχος, ἐπʼ αὐτῷ δʼ ἀσπὶς ἑάφθη","translation":"His spear dropped from his hand; his shield remained fastened","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l419.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χειρὸς","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔκβαλεν","gloss":"from his hand"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔκβαλεν","lemma":"ἐκβάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he dropped"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔκβαλεν","gloss":"the spear"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀσπὶς","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"the shield"},{"surface":"ἑάφθη","lemma":"ἑάφθη","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"remained fastened"}]},{"number":420,"label":"420","id":"b14-l420","source":"καὶ κόρυς, ἀμφὶ δέ οἱ βράχε τεύχεα ποικίλα χαλκῷ.","translation":"upon him, and his helmet, while his bronze-adorned armor rang around him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l420.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κόρυς","lemma":"κόρυς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"helmet"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"βράχε","lemma":"βραχεῖν","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rang"},{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of βράχε","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ποικίλα","lemma":"ποικίλος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"adorned"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ποικίλα","gloss":"with bronze"}]},{"number":421,"label":"421","id":"b14-l421","source":"οἳ δὲ μέγα ἰάχοντες ἐπέδραμον υἷες Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"The sons of the Achaeans ran upon him with a mighty cry,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l421.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies υἷες","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἰάχοντες","gloss":"mightily"},{"surface":"ἰάχοντες","lemma":"ἰάχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπέδραμον","gloss":"shouting"},{"surface":"ἐπέδραμον","lemma":"ἐπιτρέχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ran upon him"},{"surface":"υἷες","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπέδραμον","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷες","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":422,"label":"422","id":"b14-l422","source":"ἐλπόμενοι ἐρύεσθαι, ἀκόντιζον δὲ θαμειὰς","translation":"hoping to drag him away, and hurled their spearpoints thickly;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l422.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐλπόμενοι","lemma":"ἔλπω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπέδραμον","gloss":"hoping"},{"surface":"ἐρύεσθαι","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἐλπόμενοι","gloss":"to drag him away","note":"The middle infinitive supplies what the warriors hope to accomplish."},{"surface":"ἀκόντιζον","lemma":"ἀκοντίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kept hurling"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θαμειὰς","lemma":"θαμέες","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἰχμάς","gloss":"thick and fast"}]},{"number":423,"label":"423","id":"b14-l423","source":"αἰχμάς· ἀλλʼ οὔ τις ἐδυνήσατο ποιμένα λαῶν","translation":"yet no one could wound or strike the shepherd of the people,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l423.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ποιμένα λαῶν","title":"Shepherd of the people","body":"ποιμὴν λαῶν is a standing leadership title: Hector is the ‘shepherd’ responsible for his people as a herdsman is for a flock. It identifies him by his command role while his allies close around him."}],"words":[{"surface":"αἰχμάς","lemma":"αἰχμή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀκόντιζον","gloss":"spearpoints"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐδυνήσατο","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ἐδυνήσατο","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was able"},{"surface":"ποιμένα","lemma":"ποιμήν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of οὐτάσαι","gloss":"shepherd"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ποιμένα","gloss":"of the people"}]},{"number":424,"label":"424","id":"b14-l424","source":"οὐτάσαι οὐδὲ βαλεῖν· πρὶν γὰρ περίβησαν ἄριστοι","translation":"for the best men had already gathered round him:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l424.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐτάσαι","lemma":"οὐτάζω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"to wound"},{"surface":"βαλεῖν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"to strike"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to περίβησαν","gloss":"before that"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"περίβησαν","lemma":"περιβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had gathered around"},{"surface":"ἄριστοι","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"the best men"}]},{"number":425,"label":"425","id":"b14-l425","source":"Πουλυδάμας τε καὶ Αἰνείας καὶ δῖος Ἀγήνωρ","translation":"Polydamas and Aeneas and godlike Agenor,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l425.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πουλυδάμας","lemma":"Πουλυδάμας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Polydamas"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Αἰνείας","lemma":"Αἰνείας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀγήνωρ","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἀγήνωρ","lemma":"Ἀγήνωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Agenor"}]},{"number":426,"label":"426","id":"b14-l426","source":"Σαρπηδών τʼ ἀρχὸς Λυκίων καὶ Γλαῦκος ἀμύμων.","translation":"Sarpedon, leader of the Lycians, and blameless Glaucus.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l426.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Σαρπηδών","lemma":"Σαρπηδών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Sarpedon"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀρχὸς","lemma":"ἀρχός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"leader"},{"surface":"Λυκίων","lemma":"Λύκιοι","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀρχὸς","gloss":"of the Lycians"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Γλαῦκος","lemma":"Γλαῦκος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Glaucus"},{"surface":"ἀμύμων","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Γλαῦκος","gloss":"blameless"}]},{"number":427,"label":"427","id":"b14-l427","source":"τῶν δʼ ἄλλων οὔ τίς εὑ ἀκήδεσεν, ἀλλὰ πάροιθεν","translation":"Nor did any of the others neglect him; before him","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l427.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἄλλων","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀκήδεσεν","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"εὑ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀκήδεσεν","gloss":"of him"},{"surface":"ἀκήδεσεν","lemma":"ἀκηδέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"neglected"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"πάροιθεν","lemma":"πάροιθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in front of"}]},{"number":428,"label":"428","id":"b14-l428","source":"ἀσπίδας εὐκύκλους σχέθον αὐτοῦ. τὸν δʼ ἄρʼ ἑταῖροι","translation":"they held their well-rounded shields. His companions","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l428.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀσπίδας","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of σχέθον","gloss":"shields"},{"surface":"εὐκύκλους","lemma":"εὔκυκλος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀσπίδας","gloss":"well-rounded"},{"surface":"σχέθον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they held"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"object of πάροιθεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of φέρον","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἑταῖροι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of φέρον","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":429,"label":"429","id":"b14-l429","source":"χερσὶν ἀείραντες φέρον ἐκ πόνου, ὄφρʼ ἵκεθʼ ἵππους","translation":"lifted him in their hands and carried him from the struggle, until they reached","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l429.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀείραντες","gloss":"with their hands"},{"surface":"ἀείραντες","lemma":"ἀείρω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to φέρον","gloss":"lifting"},{"surface":"φέρον","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πόνου","lemma":"πόνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"the struggle"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ἵκεθ","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφῤ","gloss":"he reached"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἵκεθ̓","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":430,"label":"430","id":"b14-l430","source":"ὠκέας, οἵ οἱ ὄπισθε μάχης ἠδὲ πτολέμοιο","translation":"swift horses, which behind the battle and the fighting","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l430.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μάχης ἠδὲ πτολέμοιο","title":"Behind battle and war","body":"μάχη and πτόλεμος overlap but are not empty duplication: the first can focus on the immediate fighting, the second on war more broadly. Their pairing marks the protected rear position where Hector's team waits."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὠκέας","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕστασαν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἕστασαν","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"ὄπισθε","lemma":"ὄπισθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"μάχης","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"the battle"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πτολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"the fighting","note":"This is the epic form of polemos, with initial pt-."}]},{"number":431,"label":"431","id":"b14-l431","source":"ἕστασαν ἡνίοχόν τε καὶ ἅρματα ποικίλʼ ἔχοντες·","translation":"stood with their charioteer and ornate chariot;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l431.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕστασαν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἵππους","gloss":"stood waiting","note":"The pluperfect of histemi has present-result force: they were standing there."},{"surface":"ἡνίοχόν","lemma":"ἡνίοχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"charioteer"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅρματα","lemma":"ἅρμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"ποικίλ","lemma":"ποικίλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἅρματα","gloss":"ornate"},{"surface":"ἔχοντες","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕστασαν","gloss":"having with them"}]},{"number":432,"label":"432","id":"b14-l432","source":"οἳ τόν γε προτὶ ἄστυ φέρον βαρέα στενάχοντα.","translation":"bore him toward the city, groaning heavily,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l432.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φέρον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of φέρον","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"προτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of προτὶ","gloss":"the city"},{"surface":"φέρον","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"βαρέα","lemma":"βαρύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to στενάχοντα","gloss":"heavily"},{"surface":"στενάχοντα","lemma":"στενάχω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"groaning"}]},{"number":433,"label":"433","id":"b14-l433","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ πόρον ἷξον ἐϋρρεῖος ποταμοῖο","translation":"But when they reached the ford of the fair-flowing river,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l433.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἷξον","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"πόρον","lemma":"πόρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἷξον","gloss":"the ford"},{"surface":"ἷξον","lemma":"ἵκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"they reached"},{"surface":"ἐϋρρεῖος","lemma":"ἐυρρεής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποταμοῖο","gloss":"fair-flowing"},{"surface":"ποταμοῖο","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"river"}]},{"number":434,"label":"434","id":"b14-l434","source":"Ξάνθου δινήεντος, ὃν ἀθάνατος τέκετο Ζεύς,","translation":"eddying Xanthus, whom immortal Zeus begot,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l434.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ξάνθου","lemma":"Ξάνθος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"of Xanthus"},{"surface":"δινήεντος","lemma":"δινήεις","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ξάνθου","gloss":"eddying"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τέκετο","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ἀθάνατος","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ζεύς","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"τέκετο","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ξάνθου","gloss":"begot"},{"surface":"Ζεύς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τέκετο","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":435,"label":"435","id":"b14-l435","source":"ἔνθά μιν ἐξ ἵππων πέλασαν χθονί, κὰδ δέ οἱ ὕδωρ","translation":"there they lowered him from the chariot to the ground and poured water over him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l435.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθά","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πέλασαν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πέλασαν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"the horses"},{"surface":"πέλασαν","lemma":"πελάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they lowered"},{"surface":"χθονί","lemma":"χθών","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πέλασαν","gloss":"to the ground"},{"surface":"κὰδ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of χεῦαν","gloss":"over him"},{"surface":"ὕδωρ","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of χεῦαν","gloss":"water"}]},{"number":436,"label":"436","id":"b14-l436","source":"χεῦαν· ὃ δʼ ἀμπνύνθη καὶ ἀνέδρακεν ὀφθαλμοῖσιν,","translation":"He caught his breath and looked up with his eyes,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l436.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χεῦαν","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they poured","note":"The preverb kata, separated at the previous line end, completes the idea 'poured down/over.'"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμπνύνθη","lemma":"ἀναπνέω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"caught his breath"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνέδρακεν","lemma":"ἀναδέρκομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"looked up"},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμοῖσιν","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀνέδρακεν","gloss":"with his eyes"}]},{"number":437,"label":"437","id":"b14-l437","source":"ἑζόμενος δʼ ἐπὶ γοῦνα κελαινεφὲς αἷμʼ ἀπέμεσσεν·","translation":"then rose upon his knees and vomited dark blood;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l437.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κελαινεφὲς αἷμʼ ἀπέμεσσεν","title":"He vomited dark blood","body":"κελαινεφές literally suggests cloud-dark blood, and ἀπέμεσσεν states bluntly that Hector vomited it. The violence shows that his brief return to consciousness is not a recovery."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἑζόμενος","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπέμεσσεν","gloss":"rising"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"γοῦνα","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"his knees"},{"surface":"κελαινεφὲς","lemma":"κελαινεφής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies αἷμ̓","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"αἷμ","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπέμεσσεν","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"ἀπέμεσσεν","lemma":"ἀπεμέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he vomited"}]},{"number":438,"label":"438","id":"b14-l438","source":"αὖτις δʼ ἐξοπίσω πλῆτο χθονί, τὼ δέ οἱ ὄσσε","translation":"then backward again he sank to the ground, and over his eyes","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l438.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πλῆτο","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξοπίσω","lemma":"ἐξοπίσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πλῆτο","gloss":"backward"},{"surface":"πλῆτο","lemma":"πελάζω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he sank"},{"surface":"χθονί","lemma":"χθών","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πλῆτο","gloss":"to the ground"},{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative dual neuter article","role":"modifies ὄσσε","gloss":"his two"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐκάλυψε","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ὄσσε","lemma":"ὄσσε","morphology":"accusative dual neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκάλυψε","gloss":"eyes","note":"A fossilized Homeric dual form: the two eyes."}]},{"number":439,"label":"439","id":"b14-l439","source":"νὺξ ἐκάλυψε μέλαινα· βέλος δʼ ἔτι θυμὸν ἐδάμνα.","translation":"black night closed; the missile still mastered his spirit.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l439.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νὺξ","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐκάλυψε","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"ἐκάλυψε","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"covered"},{"surface":"μέλαινα","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νὺξ","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"βέλος","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐδάμνα","gloss":"the missile"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐδάμνα","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐδάμνα","gloss":"his spirit"},{"surface":"ἐδάμνα","lemma":"δαμνάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was mastering"}]},{"number":440,"label":"440","id":"b14-l440","source":"Ἀργεῖοι δʼ ὡς οὖν ἴδον Ἕκτορα νόσφι κιόντα","translation":"But when the Argives saw Hector being carried away from the field,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l440.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργεῖοι","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of θόρον","gloss":"the Argives"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἴδον","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"they saw"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορα","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἴδον","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"νόσφι","lemma":"νόσφι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κιόντα","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"κιόντα","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"going away"}]},{"number":441,"label":"441","id":"b14-l441","source":"μᾶλλον ἐπὶ Τρώεσσι θόρον, μνήσαντο δὲ χάρμης.","translation":"they leapt more fiercely on the Trojans and remembered battle-joy.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l441.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μᾶλλον","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"comparative adverb","role":"adverbial to θόρον","gloss":"more fiercely"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"θόρον","lemma":"θρῴσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they leapt"},{"surface":"μνήσαντο","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they remembered"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χάρμης","lemma":"χάρμη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of μνήσαντο","gloss":"battle-joy"}]},{"number":442,"label":"442","id":"b14-l442","source":"ἔνθα πολὺ πρώτιστος Ὀϊλῆος ταχὺς Αἴας","translation":"Then far ahead of all, swift Ajax, son of Oileus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l442.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"πρώτιστος","lemma":"πρώτιστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first of all"},{"surface":"Ὀϊλῆος","lemma":"Ὀιλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"son of Oileus"},{"surface":"ταχὺς","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of οὔτασε","gloss":"Ajax"}]},{"number":443,"label":"443","id":"b14-l443","source":"Σάτνιον οὔτασε δουρὶ μετάλμενος ὀξυόεντι","translation":"sprang upon Satnius and wounded him with his sharp spear,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l443.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"μετάλμενος","title":"Springing into the attack","body":"μετάλμενος is an aorist middle participle, presenting Ajax's leap as the action that carries him into the spear-thrust. The participle keeps the movement and wound within one rapid attack."}],"words":[{"surface":"Σάτνιον","lemma":"Σάτνιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of οὔτασε","gloss":"Satnius"},{"surface":"οὔτασε","lemma":"οὐτάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wounded"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to οὔτασε","gloss":"with a spear"},{"surface":"μετάλμενος","lemma":"μεθάλλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to οὔτασε","gloss":"springing upon him"},{"surface":"ὀξυόεντι","lemma":"ὀξυόεις","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δουρὶ","gloss":"sharp"}]},{"number":444,"label":"444","id":"b14-l444","source":"Ἠνοπίδην, ὃν ἄρα νύμφη τέκε νηῒς ἀμύμων","translation":"the son of Enops, whom a blameless naiad nymph had borne","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l444.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἠνοπίδην","lemma":"Ἠνοπίδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Σάτνιον","gloss":"son of Enops"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τέκε","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νύμφη","lemma":"νύμφη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"a nymph"},{"surface":"τέκε","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Σάτνιον","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"νηῒς","lemma":"Ναιάς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"naiad"},{"surface":"ἀμύμων","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῒς","gloss":"blameless"}]},{"number":445,"label":"445","id":"b14-l445","source":"Ἤνοπι βουκολέοντι παρʼ ὄχθας Σατνιόεντος.","translation":"to Enops as he tended cattle beside the banks of the Satnioeis.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l445.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἤνοπι","lemma":"ἦνοψ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to τέκε","gloss":"to Enops"},{"surface":"βουκολέοντι","lemma":"βουκολέω","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"modifies Ἤνοπι","gloss":"tending cattle"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"ὄχθας","lemma":"ὄχθη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παῤ","gloss":"the banks"},{"surface":"Σατνιόεντος","lemma":"Σατνιόεις","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄχθας","gloss":"of Satnioeis"}]},{"number":446,"label":"446","id":"b14-l446","source":"τὸν μὲν Ὀϊλιάδης δουρὶ κλυτὸς ἐγγύθεν ἐλθὼν","translation":"The famed son of Oileus came close and struck him with his spear","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l446.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of οὖτα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"Ὀϊλιάδης","lemma":"Ὀιλιάδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of οὖτα","gloss":"Oileus's son"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κλυτὸς","gloss":"with a spear"},{"surface":"κλυτὸς","lemma":"κλυτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀϊλιάδης","gloss":"famed"},{"surface":"ἐγγύθεν","lemma":"ἐγγύθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐλθὼν","gloss":"from nearby"},{"surface":"ἐλθὼν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to οὖτα","gloss":"coming"}]},{"number":447,"label":"447","id":"b14-l447","source":"οὖτα κατὰ λαπάρην· ὃ δʼ ἀνετράπετʼ, ἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρʼ αὐτῷ","translation":"in the flank; he toppled backward, and around him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l447.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὖτα","lemma":"οὐτάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"λαπάρην","lemma":"λαπάρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"the flank"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀνετράπετ̓","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνετράπετ","lemma":"ἀνατρέπω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"toppled backward"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":448,"label":"448","id":"b14-l448","source":"Τρῶες καὶ Δαναοὶ σύναγον κρατερὴν ὑσμίνην.","translation":"Trojans and Danaans joined in bitter battle.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l448.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Δαναοὶ","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Danaans"},{"surface":"σύναγον","lemma":"συνάγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"joined"},{"surface":"κρατερὴν","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὑσμίνην","gloss":"fierce"},{"surface":"ὑσμίνην","lemma":"ὑσμίνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of σύναγον","gloss":"battle"}]},{"number":449,"label":"449","id":"b14-l449","source":"τῷ δʼ ἐπὶ Πουλυδάμας ἐγχέσπαλος ἦλθεν ἀμύντωρ","translation":"To defend him came spear-fighting Polydamas,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l449.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to defend"},{"surface":"Πουλυδάμας","lemma":"Πουλυδάμας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθεν","gloss":"Polydamas"},{"surface":"ἐγχέσπαλος","lemma":"ἐγχέσπαλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πουλυδάμας","gloss":"spear-fighting"},{"surface":"ἦλθεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ἀμύντωρ","lemma":"ἀμύντωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as defender"}]},{"number":450,"label":"450","id":"b14-l450","source":"Πανθοΐδης, βάλε δὲ Προθοήνορα δεξιὸν ὦμον","translation":"son of Panthous, and struck Prothoenor in the right shoulder,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l450.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πανθοΐδης","lemma":"Πανθοίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πουλυδάμας","gloss":"son of Panthous"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Προθοήνορα","lemma":"Προθοήνωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Prothoenor"},{"surface":"δεξιὸν","lemma":"δεξιός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὦμον","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"ὦμον","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"shoulder"}]},{"number":451,"label":"451","id":"b14-l451","source":"υἱὸν Ἀρηϊλύκοιο, διʼ ὤμου δʼ ὄβριμον ἔγχος","translation":"the son of Areilycus; the mighty spear passed through his shoulder","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l451.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"διʼ ὤμου","title":"Through the shoulder","body":"διά with the genitive ὤμου expresses passage through the shoulder. The repeated body part across lines 450–451 makes clear that the spear penetrates rather than merely striking the surface."}],"words":[{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Ἀρηϊλύκοιο","lemma":"Ἀρηίλυκος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"of Areilycus"},{"surface":"δι","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ὤμου","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to δἰ","gloss":"the shoulder"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄβριμον","lemma":"ὄβριμος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔσχεν","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":452,"label":"452","id":"b14-l452","source":"ἔσχεν, ὃ δʼ ἐν κονίῃσι πεσὼν ἕλε γαῖαν ἀγοστῷ.","translation":"and held him; he fell in the dust and clutched the earth in his palm.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l452.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσχεν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held him fast"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕλε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κονίῃσι","lemma":"κονία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"the dust"},{"surface":"πεσὼν","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕλε","gloss":"falling"},{"surface":"ἕλε","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"clutched"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἕλε","gloss":"the earth"},{"surface":"ἀγοστῷ","lemma":"ἀγοστός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἕλε","gloss":"in his palm"}]},{"number":453,"label":"453","id":"b14-l453","source":"Πουλυδάμας δʼ ἔκπαγλον ἐπεύξατο μακρὸν ἀΰσας·","translation":"Polydamas boasted terribly over him, crying aloud:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l453.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πουλυδάμας","lemma":"Πουλυδάμας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπεύξατο","gloss":"Polydamas"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔκπαγλον","lemma":"ἔκπαγλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπεύξατο","gloss":"terribly"},{"surface":"ἐπεύξατο","lemma":"ἐπεύχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"boasted"},{"surface":"μακρὸν","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀΰσας","gloss":"loudly"},{"surface":"ἀΰσας","lemma":"αὔω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπεύξατο","gloss":"crying out"}]},{"number":454,"label":"454","id":"b14-l454","source":"οὐ μὰν αὖτʼ ὀΐω μεγαθύμου Πανθοΐδαο","translation":"Surely I think that once again the spear from the strong hand","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l454.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὰν","lemma":"μήν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πηδῆσαι","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ὀΐω","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I think"},{"surface":"μεγαθύμου","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πανθοΐδαο","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"Πανθοΐδαο","lemma":"Πανθοίδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies χειρὸς","gloss":"son of Panthous"}]},{"number":455,"label":"455","id":"b14-l455","source":"χειρὸς ἄπο στιβαρῆς ἅλιον πηδῆσαι ἄκοντα,","translation":"of the great-hearted son of Panthous did not leap in vain,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l455.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χειρὸς","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἄπο","gloss":"from the hand"},{"surface":"ἄπο","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"στιβαρῆς","lemma":"στιβαρός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χειρὸς","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"ἅλιον","lemma":"ἅλιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"in vain"},{"surface":"πηδῆσαι","lemma":"πηδάω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ὀΐω","gloss":"to have leapt"},{"surface":"ἄκοντα","lemma":"ἄκων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πηδῆσαι","gloss":"the javelin"}]},{"number":456,"label":"456","id":"b14-l456","source":"ἀλλά τις Ἀργείων κόμισε χροΐ, καί μιν ὀΐω","translation":"but some Argive received it in his flesh, and I think","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l456.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κόμισε","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"Ἀργείων","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of the Argives"},{"surface":"κόμισε","lemma":"κομίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"received it"},{"surface":"χροΐ","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κόμισε","gloss":"in his flesh"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κατίμεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ὀΐω","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I think"}]},{"number":457,"label":"457","id":"b14-l457","source":"αὐτῷ σκηπτόμενον κατίμεν δόμον Ἄϊδος εἴσω.","translation":"he will lean upon it as he goes down into the house of Hades.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l457.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"αὐτῷ σκηπτόμενον","title":"The spear as a staff","body":"The middle participle σκηπτόμενον means 'leaning' or 'supporting himself,' while αὐτῷ points back to the spear. Polydamas turns the weapon lodged in Prothoenor into a grim walking staff for his descent to Hades."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of σκηπτόμενον","gloss":"upon it"},{"surface":"σκηπτόμενον","lemma":"σκήπτω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κατίμεν","gloss":"leaning"},{"surface":"κατίμεν","lemma":"κάτειμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ὀΐω","gloss":"will go down"},{"surface":"δόμον","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἴσω","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"Ἄϊδος","lemma":"Ἀίδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δόμον","gloss":"of Hades"},{"surface":"εἴσω","lemma":"εἴσω","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"}]},{"number":458,"label":"458","id":"b14-l458","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, Ἀργείοισι δʼ ἄχος γένετʼ εὐξαμένοιο·","translation":"So he spoke, and grief came upon the Argives at his boasting,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l458.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἄχος","title":"Grief under a taunt","body":"ἄχος is piercing grief or distress, here sharpened by Polydamas's boast over the fallen man. Homer repeats this entire Greek line at 486 after Acamas's answering boast."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"Ἀργείοισι","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to γένετ̓","gloss":"upon the Argives"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄχος","lemma":"ἄχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of γένετ̓","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"γένετ","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"εὐξαμένοιο","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"object of γένετ̓","gloss":"at his boasting","note":"The genitive participle gives the occasion or cause of their grief: his boast."}]},{"number":459,"label":"459","id":"b14-l459","source":"Αἴαντι δὲ μάλιστα δαΐφρονι θυμὸν ὄρινε","translation":"and above all it stirred the fighting spirit of Ajax,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l459.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἴαντι","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὄρινε","gloss":"in Ajax"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"superlative adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄρινε","gloss":"most of all"},{"surface":"δαΐφρονι","lemma":"δαίφρων","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴαντι","gloss":"battle-wise"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὄρινε","gloss":"the spirit"},{"surface":"ὄρινε","lemma":"ὀρίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it stirred"}]},{"number":460,"label":"460","id":"b14-l460","source":"τῷ Τελαμωνιάδῃ· τοῦ γὰρ πέσεν ἄγχι μάλιστα.","translation":"the son of Telamon, for the man had fallen nearest him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l460.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine article","role":"modifies Τελαμωνιάδῃ","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Τελαμωνιάδῃ","lemma":"Τελαμωνιάδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Αἴαντι","gloss":"son of Telamon"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἄγχι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πέσεν","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he had fallen"},{"surface":"ἄγχι","lemma":"ἄγχι","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"superlative adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"by far"}]},{"number":461,"label":"461","id":"b14-l461","source":"καρπαλίμως δʼ ἀπιόντος ἀκόντισε δουρὶ φαεινῷ.","translation":"Swiftly he cast his shining spear at Polydamas as he withdrew.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l461.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καρπαλίμως","lemma":"καρπάλιμος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀκόντισε","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀπιόντος","lemma":"ἄπειμι","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"object of ἀκόντισε","gloss":"as he withdrew","note":"The genitive participle refers to Polydamas, the target of Ajax's cast."},{"surface":"ἀκόντισε","lemma":"ἀκοντίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he hurled"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀκόντισε","gloss":"with a spear"},{"surface":"φαεινῷ","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δουρὶ","gloss":"shining"}]},{"number":462,"label":"462","id":"b14-l462","source":"Πουλυδάμας δʼ αὐτὸς μὲν ἀλεύατο κῆρα μέλαιναν","translation":"Polydamas himself escaped black death","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l462.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πουλυδάμας","lemma":"Πουλυδάμας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀλεύατο","gloss":"Polydamas"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"ἀλεύατο","lemma":"ἀλέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"escaped"},{"surface":"κῆρα","lemma":"κήρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀλεύατο","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"μέλαιναν","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κῆρα","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":463,"label":"463","id":"b14-l463","source":"λικριφὶς ἀΐξας, κόμισεν δʼ Ἀντήνορος υἱὸς","translation":"by darting sharply aside, but Antenor's son received the spear,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l463.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"λικριφὶς ἀΐξας","title":"A sideways dart","body":"λικριφίς means obliquely or sideways, and ἀΐξας adds the sudden darting motion. Polydamas's quick swerve transfers the fatal cast to Archelochus."}],"words":[{"surface":"λικριφὶς","lemma":"λικριφίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀΐξας","gloss":"sharply sideways"},{"surface":"ἀΐξας","lemma":"ἀίσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀλεύατο","gloss":"darting"},{"surface":"κόμισεν","lemma":"κομίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"received it"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ἀντήνορος","lemma":"Ἀντήνωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Antenor"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"the son"}]},{"number":464,"label":"464","id":"b14-l464","source":"Ἀρχέλοχος· τῷ γάρ ῥα θεοὶ βούλευσαν ὄλεθρον.","translation":"Archelochus, for the gods had planned destruction for him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l464.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀρχέλοχος","lemma":"Ἀρχέλοχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Archelochus"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to βούλευσαν","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of βούλευσαν","gloss":"the gods"},{"surface":"βούλευσαν","lemma":"βουλεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had planned"},{"surface":"ὄλεθρον","lemma":"ὄλεθρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βούλευσαν","gloss":"destruction"}]},{"number":465,"label":"465","id":"b14-l465","source":"τόν ῥʼ ἔβαλεν κεφαλῆς τε καὶ αὐχένος ἐν συνεοχμῷ,","translation":"Ajax struck him at the joining of head and neck,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l465.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κεφαλῆς τε καὶ αὐχένος ἐν συνεοχμῷ","title":"Where head and neck join","body":"συνεοχμός is a joining-place. Homer locates the impact precisely at the junction of the head and neck before narrowing it further to the top vertebra."}],"words":[{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔβαλεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔβαλεν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he struck"},{"surface":"κεφαλῆς","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of the head"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐχένος","lemma":"αὐχήν","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of the neck"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"συνεοχμῷ","lemma":"συνεοχμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"the joining"}]},{"number":466,"label":"466","id":"b14-l466","source":"νείατον ἀστράγαλον, ἀπὸ δʼ ἄμφω κέρσε τένοντε·","translation":"at the topmost vertebra, and severed both tendons.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l466.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νείατον","lemma":"νέατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"modifies ἀστράγαλον","gloss":"topmost"},{"surface":"ἀστράγαλον","lemma":"ἀστράγαλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"vertebra"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"off"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄμφω","lemma":"ἄμφω","morphology":"accusative dual masculine adjective","role":"modifies τένοντε","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"κέρσε","lemma":"κείρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he severed","note":"The detached apo adds the result 'cut off' to the verb: a case of tmesis."},{"surface":"τένοντε","lemma":"τένων","morphology":"accusative dual masculine noun","role":"object of κέρσε","gloss":"tendons","note":"A Homeric accusative dual, matching 'both.'"}]},{"number":467,"label":"467","id":"b14-l467","source":"τοῦ δὲ πολὺ προτέρη κεφαλὴ στόμα τε ῥῖνές τε","translation":"His head and mouth and nostrils struck the ground","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l467.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"προτέρη","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine comparative adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"sooner"},{"surface":"κεφαλὴ","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"στόμα","lemma":"στόμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"mouth"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥῖνές","lemma":"ῥίς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"nostrils"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":468,"label":"468","id":"b14-l468","source":"οὔδεϊ πλῆντʼ ἤ περ κνῆμαι καὶ γοῦνα πεσόντος.","translation":"far sooner than his shins and knees as he fell.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l468.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔδεϊ","lemma":"οὖδας","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of πλῆντ̓","gloss":"the ground"},{"surface":"πλῆντ","lemma":"πελάζω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"κνῆμαι","lemma":"κνήμη","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"shins"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γοῦνα","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"knees"},{"surface":"πεσόντος","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as he fell"}]},{"number":469,"label":"469","id":"b14-l469","source":"Αἴας δʼ αὖτʼ ἐγέγωνεν ἀμύμονι Πουλυδάμαντι·","translation":"Then Ajax called aloud to blameless Polydamas:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l469.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐγέγωνεν","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"ἐγέγωνεν","lemma":"γέγωνα","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called aloud","note":"The perfect-form verb is used with present force in epic: 'call out loudly.'"},{"surface":"ἀμύμονι","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πουλυδάμαντι","gloss":"blameless"},{"surface":"Πουλυδάμαντι","lemma":"Πουλυδάμας","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐγέγωνεν","gloss":"to Polydamas"}]},{"number":470,"label":"470","id":"b14-l470","source":"φράζεο Πουλυδάμα καί μοι νημερτὲς ἐνίσπες","translation":"Think, Polydamas, and tell me without falsehood:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l470.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φράζεο","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"consider"},{"surface":"Πουλυδάμα","lemma":"Πουλυδάμας","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Polydamas"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐνίσπες","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"νημερτὲς","lemma":"νημερτής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐνίσπες","gloss":"truthfully"},{"surface":"ἐνίσπες","lemma":"ἐνέπω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell"}]},{"number":471,"label":"471","id":"b14-l471","source":"ἦ ῥʼ οὐχ οὗτος ἀνὴρ Προθοήνορος ἀντὶ πεφάσθαι","translation":"is this man not worthy to have been killed in return for Prothoenor?","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l471.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Προθοήνορος ἀντὶ","title":"A life in return","body":"ἀντί governs the genitive Προθοήνορος and means 'in return for Prothoenor.' Ajax frames Archelochus's death as an exact exchange in the battlefield's chain of vengeance."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οὐχ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"οὗτος","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"Προθοήνορος","lemma":"Προθοήνωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀντὶ","gloss":"for Prothoenor"},{"surface":"ἀντὶ","lemma":"ἀντί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in return for"},{"surface":"πεφάσθαι","lemma":"θείνω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἄξιος","gloss":"to have been slain","note":"The perfect passive infinitive stresses the accomplished killing for which Ajax claims equivalence."}]},{"number":472,"label":"472","id":"b14-l472","source":"ἄξιος; οὐ μέν μοι κακὸς εἴδεται οὐδὲ κακῶν ἔξ,","translation":"He does not seem base to me, nor born of base men,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l472.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄξιος","lemma":"ἄξιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"worthy"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἴδεται","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"κακὸς","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"base"},{"surface":"εἴδεται","lemma":"εἴδομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he seems"},{"surface":"κακῶν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"base men"},{"surface":"ἔξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"born from"}]},{"number":473,"label":"473","id":"b14-l473","source":"ἀλλὰ κασίγνητος Ἀντήνορος ἱπποδάμοιο","translation":"but a brother of Antenor, tamer of horses,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l473.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κασίγνητος","lemma":"κασίγνητος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a brother"},{"surface":"Ἀντήνορος","lemma":"Ἀντήνωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κασίγνητος","gloss":"of Antenor"},{"surface":"ἱπποδάμοιο","lemma":"ἱππόδαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀντήνορος","gloss":"horse-taming"}]},{"number":474,"label":"474","id":"b14-l474","source":"ἢ πάϊς· αὐτῷ γὰρ γενεὴν ἄγχιστα ἐῴκει.","translation":"or perhaps his son, for in birth he looked most nearly like him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l474.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"πάϊς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a son"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐῴκει","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"γενεὴν","lemma":"γενεά","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐῴκει","gloss":"in lineage"},{"surface":"ἄγχιστα","lemma":"ἄγχιστος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter superlative adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐῴκει","gloss":"most closely"},{"surface":"ἐῴκει","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he resembled"}]},{"number":475,"label":"475","id":"b14-l475","source":"ἦ ῥʼ εὖ γιγνώσκων, Τρῶας δʼ ἄχος ἔλλαβε θυμόν.","translation":"So he spoke, though he knew him well, and grief seized the Trojans.","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l475.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"εὖ γιγνώσκων","title":"Knowing all along","body":"The present participle γιγνώσκων shows that Ajax knows Archelochus's identity while pretending uncertainty in his taunt. English needs a concessive force here: he speaks this way though he knows perfectly well."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γιγνώσκων","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"γιγνώσκων","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦ","gloss":"knowing him"},{"surface":"Τρῶας","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔλλαβε","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄχος","lemma":"ἄχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔλλαβε","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"ἔλλαβε","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized"},{"surface":"θυμόν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔλλαβε","gloss":"their hearts"}]},{"number":476,"label":"476","id":"b14-l476","source":"ἔνθʼ Ἀκάμας Πρόμαχον Βοιώτιον οὔτασε δουρὶ","translation":"Then Acamas wounded Promachus the Boeotian with his spear","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l476.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἀκάμας","lemma":"Ἀκάμας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of οὔτασε","gloss":"Acamas"},{"surface":"Πρόμαχον","lemma":"Πρόμαχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of οὔτασε","gloss":"Promachus"},{"surface":"Βοιώτιον","lemma":"Βοιώτιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πρόμαχον","gloss":"the Boeotian"},{"surface":"οὔτασε","lemma":"οὐτάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wounded"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to οὔτασε","gloss":"with a spear"}]},{"number":477,"label":"477","id":"b14-l477","source":"ἀμφὶ κασιγνήτῳ βεβαώς· ὃ δʼ ὕφελκε ποδοῖιν.","translation":"as Acamas stood over his brother, while Promachus dragged the body by the feet.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l477.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"κασιγνήτῳ","lemma":"κασίγνητος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"his brother"},{"surface":"βεβαώς","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to οὔτασε","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὕφελκε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"ὕφελκε","lemma":"ὑφέλκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was dragging away"},{"surface":"ποδοῖιν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"genitive dual masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὕφελκε","gloss":"by both feet","note":"The noun is genitive dual: Promachus was dragging the corpse by its two feet."}]},{"number":478,"label":"478","id":"b14-l478","source":"τῷ δʼ Ἀκάμας ἔκπαγλον ἐπεύξατο μακρὸν ἀΰσας·","translation":"Acamas boasted terribly over him, crying aloud:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l478.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπεύξατο","gloss":"over him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀκάμας","lemma":"Ἀκάμας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπεύξατο","gloss":"Acamas"},{"surface":"ἔκπαγλον","lemma":"ἔκπαγλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπεύξατο","gloss":"terribly"},{"surface":"ἐπεύξατο","lemma":"ἐπεύχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"boasted"},{"surface":"μακρὸν","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀΰσας","gloss":"loudly"},{"surface":"ἀΰσας","lemma":"αὔω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπεύξατο","gloss":"crying out"}]},{"number":479,"label":"479","id":"b14-l479","source":"Ἀργεῖοι ἰόμωροι ἀπειλάων ἀκόρητοι","translation":"Argives, arrow-boasters, insatiate in threats,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l479.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἰόμωροι","title":"\"Arrow-boasters\" — a disputed term","body":"ἰόμωρος is a rare word of contested etymology, traditionally connected to ἰός \"arrow\" and taken as a jeer at men who only fight at a distance and boast of it, though the second element is genuinely uncertain. This repeats the rendering established at 4.242 rather than claiming more certainty than the Greek allows."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργεῖοι","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Argives"},{"surface":"ἰόμωροι","lemma":"ἰόμωροι","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀργεῖοι","gloss":"arrow-boasters"},{"surface":"ἀπειλάων","lemma":"ἀπειλή","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀκόρητοι","gloss":"of threats"},{"surface":"ἀκόρητοι","lemma":"ἀκόρητος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀργεῖοι","gloss":"insatiate"}]},{"number":480,"label":"480","id":"b14-l480","source":"οὔ θην οἴοισίν γε πόνος τʼ ἔσεται καὶ ὀϊζὺς","translation":"surely toil and misery will not be ours alone,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l480.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"θην","lemma":"θήν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"οἴοισίν","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"to us alone"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"πόνος","lemma":"πόνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"toil"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"ἔσεται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will belong"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀϊζὺς","lemma":"ὀιζύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"misery"}]},{"number":481,"label":"481","id":"b14-l481","source":"ἡμῖν, ἀλλά ποθʼ ὧδε κατακτενέεσθε καὶ ὔμμες.","translation":"but you too will be killed here one day.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l481.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμῖν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔσεται","gloss":"to us"},{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ποθ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to κατακτενέεσθε","gloss":"someday"},{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατακτενέεσθε","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"κατακτενέεσθε","lemma":"κατακτείνω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you will be killed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ὔμμες","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κατακτενέεσθε","gloss":"you yourselves"}]},{"number":482,"label":"482","id":"b14-l482","source":"φράζεσθʼ ὡς ὑμῖν Πρόμαχος δεδμημένος εὕδει","translation":"Look how Promachus lies asleep, mastered","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l482.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φράζεσθ","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"ὑμῖν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to εὕδει","gloss":"before you"},{"surface":"Πρόμαχος","lemma":"Πρόμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εὕδει","gloss":"Promachus"},{"surface":"δεδμημένος","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εὕδει","gloss":"mastered","note":"The perfect passive participle marks his defeat as complete and enduring in death."},{"surface":"εὕδει","lemma":"εὕδω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ὡς","gloss":"lies asleep"}]},{"number":483,"label":"483","id":"b14-l483","source":"ἔγχει ἐμῷ, ἵνα μή τι κασιγνήτοιό γε ποινὴ","translation":"by my spear, so that vengeance for my brother","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l483.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔγχει","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δεδμημένος","gloss":"by the spear"},{"surface":"ἐμῷ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχει","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔῃ","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"κασιγνήτοιό","lemma":"κασίγνητος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ποινὴ","gloss":"for my brother"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ποινὴ","lemma":"ποινή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔῃ","gloss":"vengeance"}]},{"number":484,"label":"484","id":"b14-l484","source":"δηρὸν ἄτιτος ἔῃ· τὼ καί κέ τις εὔχεται ἀνὴρ","translation":"may not remain unpaid for long; therefore a man prays","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l484.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δηρὸν","lemma":"δηρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔῃ","gloss":"for long"},{"surface":"ἄτιτος","lemma":"ἄτιτος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"unpaid"},{"surface":"ἔῃ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"may remain"},{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"might"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"εὔχεται","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"prays"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εὔχεται","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":485,"label":"485","id":"b14-l485","source":"γνωτὸν ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ἀρῆς ἀλκτῆρα λιπέσθαι.","translation":"to leave a kinsman in his halls, an avenger against ruin.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l485.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γνωτὸν","lemma":"γνωτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of λιπέσθαι","gloss":"a kinsman"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισιν","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"his halls"},{"surface":"ἀρῆς","lemma":"ἀρή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀλκτῆρα","gloss":"against ruin"},{"surface":"ἀλκτῆρα","lemma":"ἀλκτήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"an avenger"},{"surface":"λιπέσθαι","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of εὔχεται","gloss":"to leave behind","note":"The aorist middle infinitive can carry the personal interest: to leave behind for oneself."}]},{"number":486,"label":"486","id":"b14-l486","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, Ἀργείοισι δʼ ἄχος γένετʼ εὐξαμένοιο·","translation":"So he spoke, and grief came upon the Argives at his boasting,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l486.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"Ἀργείοισι","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to γένετ̓","gloss":"upon the Argives"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄχος","lemma":"ἄχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of γένετ̓","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"γένετ","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"εὐξαμένοιο","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"object of γένετ̓","gloss":"at his boasting"}]},{"number":487,"label":"487","id":"b14-l487","source":"Πηνέλεῳ δὲ μάλιστα δαΐφρονι θυμὸν ὄρινεν·","translation":"and above all it stirred the fighting spirit of Peneleos.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l487.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πηνέλεῳ","lemma":"Πηνέλεως","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὄρινεν","gloss":"in Peneleos"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"superlative adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄρινεν","gloss":"most of all"},{"surface":"δαΐφρονι","lemma":"δαίφρων","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πηνέλεῳ","gloss":"battle-wise"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὄρινεν","gloss":"the spirit"},{"surface":"ὄρινεν","lemma":"ὀρίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it stirred"}]},{"number":488,"label":"488","id":"b14-l488","source":"ὁρμήθη δʼ Ἀκάμαντος· ὃ δʼ οὐχ ὑπέμεινεν ἐρωὴν","translation":"He charged at Acamas, but Acamas did not withstand","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l488.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὁρμήθη","lemma":"ὁρμάω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he charged"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀκάμαντος","lemma":"Ἀκάμας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὁρμήθη","gloss":"at Acamas"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὑπέμεινεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐχ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ὑπέμεινεν","lemma":"ὑπομένω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"withstood"},{"surface":"ἐρωὴν","lemma":"ἐρωή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπέμεινεν","gloss":"the onset"}]},{"number":489,"label":"489","id":"b14-l489","source":"Πηνελέωο ἄνακτος· ὃ δʼ οὔτασεν Ἰλιονῆα","translation":"the onset of lord Peneleos; Peneleos wounded Ilioneus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l489.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πηνελέωο","lemma":"Πηνέλεως","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐρωὴν","gloss":"of Peneleos"},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πηνελέωο","gloss":"the lord"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of οὔτασεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οὔτασεν","lemma":"οὐτάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wounded"},{"surface":"Ἰλιονῆα","lemma":"Ἰλιονεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Ilioneus"}]},{"number":490,"label":"490","id":"b14-l490","source":"υἱὸν Φόρβαντος πολυμήλου, τόν ῥα μάλιστα","translation":"the son of Phorbas, rich in sheep, whom above all","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l490.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Φόρβαντος","lemma":"Φόρβας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"of Phorbas"},{"surface":"πολυμήλου","lemma":"πολύμηλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Φόρβαντος","gloss":"rich in sheep"},{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐφίλει","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"superlative adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐφίλει","gloss":"above all"}]},{"number":491,"label":"491","id":"b14-l491","source":"Ἑρμείας Τρώων ἐφίλει καὶ κτῆσιν ὄπασσε·","translation":"Hermes loved among the Trojans and endowed with possessions;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l491.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Τρώων","title":"Foremost among the Trojans","body":"The genitive plural Τρώων is partitive: Hermes loved Phorbas most 'among the Trojans.' It sets Phorbas apart from the larger group rather than making the Trojans the object of the verb."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἑρμείας","lemma":"Ἑρμῆς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐφίλει","gloss":"Hermes"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"adverbial to μάλιστα","gloss":"among the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἐφίλει","lemma":"φιλέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"loved"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κτῆσιν","lemma":"κτῆσις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὄπασσε","gloss":"possessions"},{"surface":"ὄπασσε","lemma":"ὀπάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"granted him"}]},{"number":492,"label":"492","id":"b14-l492","source":"τῷ δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπὸ μήτηρ μοῦνον τέκεν Ἰλιονῆα.","translation":"and Ilioneus was the only son his mother bore to him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l492.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τέκεν","gloss":"his mother"},{"surface":"μοῦνον","lemma":"μόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as her only son"},{"surface":"τέκεν","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"Ἰλιονῆα","lemma":"Ἰλιονεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τέκεν","gloss":"Ilioneus"}]},{"number":493,"label":"493","id":"b14-l493","source":"τὸν τόθʼ ὑπʼ ὀφρύος οὖτα κατʼ ὀφθαλμοῖο θέμεθλα,","translation":"Peneleos struck him beneath the brow, at the root of the eye,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l493.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κατʼ ὀφθαλμοῖο θέμεθλα","title":"At the eye's root","body":"θέμεθλα are foundations or roots. Applied to the eye, the word places the spear at the base of the socket with the same concrete precision used for the rest of the wound."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of οὖτα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"τόθ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οὖτα","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"ὀφρύος","lemma":"ὀφρύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπ̓","gloss":"the brow"},{"surface":"οὖτα","lemma":"οὐτάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he struck"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμοῖο","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θέμεθλα","gloss":"of the eye"},{"surface":"θέμεθλα","lemma":"θέμεθλα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of κατ̓","gloss":"the root"}]},{"number":494,"label":"494","id":"b14-l494","source":"ἐκ δʼ ὦσε γλήνην· δόρυ δʼ ὀφθαλμοῖο διὰ πρὸ","translation":"and drove the eyeball out; the spear passed straight through the eye","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l494.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὦσε","lemma":"ὠθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he drove"},{"surface":"γλήνην","lemma":"γλήνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὦσε","gloss":"the eyeball","note":"The detached ek supplies the result 'drove out': tmesis with ose."},{"surface":"δόρυ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"nominative neuter noun","role":"subject of ἦλθεν","gloss":"the spear"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμοῖο","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of διὰ","gloss":"the eye"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"πρὸ","lemma":"πρό","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"straight onward"}]},{"number":495,"label":"495","id":"b14-l495","source":"καὶ διὰ ἰνίου ἦλθεν, ὃ δʼ ἕζετο χεῖρε πετάσσας","translation":"and through the back of his head; he sank down, stretching out both hands.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l495.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ἰνίου","lemma":"ἰνίον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of διὰ","gloss":"the occiput"},{"surface":"ἦλθεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"passed"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕζετο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕζετο","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sank down"},{"surface":"χεῖρε","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative dual feminine noun","role":"object of πετάσσας","gloss":"his hands","note":"A Homeric accusative dual: his two hands."},{"surface":"πετάσσας","lemma":"πετάννυμι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕζετο","gloss":"stretching out"}]},{"number":496,"label":"496","id":"b14-l496","source":"ἄμφω· Πηνέλεως δὲ ἐρυσσάμενος ξίφος ὀξὺ","translation":"Then Peneleos drew his sharp sword","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l496.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄμφω","lemma":"ἄμφω","morphology":"accusative dual feminine adjective","role":"modifies χεῖρε","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"Πηνέλεως","lemma":"Πηνέλεως","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔλασσεν","gloss":"Peneleos"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐρυσσάμενος","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔλασσεν","gloss":"drawing"},{"surface":"ξίφος","lemma":"ξίφος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐρυσσάμενος","gloss":"his sword"},{"surface":"ὀξὺ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ξίφος","gloss":"sharp"}]},{"number":497,"label":"497","id":"b14-l497","source":"αὐχένα μέσσον ἔλασσεν, ἀπήραξεν δὲ χαμᾶζε","translation":"and struck the middle of his neck, lopping to the ground","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l497.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐχένα","lemma":"αὐχήν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔλασσεν","gloss":"the neck"},{"surface":"μέσσον","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies αὐχένα","gloss":"in the middle"},{"surface":"ἔλασσεν","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ἀπήραξεν","lemma":"ἀπαράσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lopped off"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χαμᾶζε","lemma":"χαμᾶζε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἀπήραξεν","gloss":"to the ground"}]},{"number":498,"label":"498","id":"b14-l498","source":"αὐτῇ σὺν πήληκι κάρη· ἔτι δʼ ὄβριμον ἔγχος","translation":"the head with its helmet; the mighty spear","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l498.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτῇ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"together with"},{"surface":"πήληκι","lemma":"πήληξ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"the helmet"},{"surface":"κάρη","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπήραξεν","gloss":"the head"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦεν","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄβριμον","lemma":"ὄβριμος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἦεν","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":499,"label":"499","id":"b14-l499","source":"ἦεν ἐν ὀφθαλμῷ· ὃ δὲ φὴ κώδειαν ἀνασχὼν","translation":"was still in the eye. He raised the head aloft like a poppy-head,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l499.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κώδειαν","title":"A poppy-head image","body":"κώδεια is a poppy-head or seed capsule. Peneleos lifts the severed head by the spear as though it were the flower's heavy round head, turning a familiar natural shape into a brutal battlefield image."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμῷ","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"the eye"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φὴ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"φὴ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"likened it"},{"surface":"κώδειαν","lemma":"κώδεια","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"to a poppy-head"},{"surface":"ἀνασχὼν","lemma":"ἀνέχω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to φὴ","gloss":"holding it aloft"}]},{"number":500,"label":"500","id":"b14-l500","source":"πέφραδέ τε Τρώεσσι καὶ εὐχόμενος ἔπος ηὔδα·","translation":"showed it to the Trojans, and spoke a word in triumph:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l500.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πέφραδέ","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"showed it"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of πέφραδέ","gloss":"to the Trojans"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὐχόμενος","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"boasting"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"a word"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":501,"label":"501","id":"b14-l501","source":"εἰπέμεναί μοι Τρῶες ἀγαυοῦ Ἰλιονῆος","translation":"Trojans, tell the dear father and mother of noble Ilioneus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l501.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰπέμεναί","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἰπέμεναί","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ἀγαυοῦ","lemma":"ἀγαυός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἰλιονῆος","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"Ἰλιονῆος","lemma":"Ἰλιονεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πατρὶ","gloss":"of Ilioneus"}]},{"number":502,"label":"502","id":"b14-l502","source":"πατρὶ φίλῳ καὶ μητρὶ γοήμεναι ἐν μεγάροισιν·","translation":"to mourn for him in their halls,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l502.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πατρὶ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to the father"},{"surface":"φίλῳ","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατρὶ","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μητρὶ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"γοήμεναι","lemma":"γοάω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of εἰπέμεναί","gloss":"to mourn"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισιν","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"their halls"}]},{"number":503,"label":"503","id":"b14-l503","source":"οὐδὲ γὰρ ἣ Προμάχοιο δάμαρ Ἀλεγηνορίδαο","translation":"for the wife of Promachus, son of Alegenor,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l503.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine article","role":"modifies δάμαρ","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Προμάχοιο","lemma":"Πρόμαχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δάμαρ","gloss":"of Promachus"},{"surface":"δάμαρ","lemma":"δάμαρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of γανύσσεται","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"Ἀλεγηνορίδαο","lemma":"Ἀλεγηνορίδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Προμάχοιο","gloss":"son of Alegenor"}]},{"number":504,"label":"504","id":"b14-l504","source":"ἀνδρὶ φίλῳ ἐλθόντι γανύσσεται, ὁππότε κεν δὴ","translation":"will not rejoice either when her dear husband comes home,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l504.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρὶ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of γανύσσεται","gloss":"in her husband"},{"surface":"φίλῳ","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρὶ","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἐλθόντι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"modifies ἀνδρὶ","gloss":"returning"},{"surface":"γανύσσεται","lemma":"γάνυμαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will rejoice"},{"surface":"ὁππότε","lemma":"ὁπότε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":505,"label":"505","id":"b14-l505","source":"ἐκ Τροίης σὺν νηυσὶ νεώμεθα κοῦροι Ἀχαιῶν.","translation":"when we young Achaeans return with our ships from Troy.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l505.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Τροίης","lemma":"Τροία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"our ships"},{"surface":"νεώμεθα","lemma":"νέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὁππότε","gloss":"we return"},{"surface":"κοῦροι","lemma":"κοῦρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of νεώμεθα","gloss":"young men"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κοῦροι","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":506,"label":"506","id":"b14-l506","source":"ὣς φάτο, τοὺς δʼ ἄρα πάντας ὑπὸ τρόμος ἔλλαβε γυῖα,","translation":"So he spoke, and trembling seized the limbs of them all,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l506.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies πάντας","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἔλλαβε","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"τρόμος","lemma":"τρόμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔλλαβε","gloss":"trembling"},{"surface":"ἔλλαβε","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized"},{"surface":"γυῖα","lemma":"γυῖον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔλλαβε","gloss":"the limbs"}]},{"number":507,"label":"507","id":"b14-l507","source":"πάπτηνεν δὲ ἕκαστος ὅπῃ φύγοι αἰπὺν ὄλεθρον.","translation":"and each man glanced about for where he might flee sheer destruction.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l507.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάπτηνεν","lemma":"παπταίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"glanced about"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕκαστος","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of πάπτηνεν","gloss":"each man"},{"surface":"ὅπῃ","lemma":"ὅπη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φύγοι","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"φύγοι","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of πάπτηνεν","gloss":"he might flee","note":"The optative expresses the indirect question in past context: each sought where he could escape."},{"surface":"αἰπὺν","lemma":"αἰπύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄλεθρον","gloss":"sheer"},{"surface":"ὄλεθρον","lemma":"ὄλεθρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φύγοι","gloss":"destruction"}]},{"number":508,"label":"508","id":"b14-l508","source":"ἔσπετε νῦν μοι Μοῦσαι Ὀλύμπια δώματʼ ἔχουσαι","translation":"Tell me now, Muses, who hold your homes on Olympus —","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l508.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσπετε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσπετε","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔσπετε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"Μοῦσαι","lemma":"Μοῦσα","morphology":"vocative plural feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Muses"},{"surface":"Ὀλύμπια","lemma":"Ὀλύμπιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δώματ̓","gloss":"Olympian"},{"surface":"δώματ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχουσαι","gloss":"homes"},{"surface":"ἔχουσαι","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, vocative plural feminine","role":"modifies Μοῦσαι","gloss":"inhabiting"}]},{"number":509,"label":"509","id":"b14-l509","source":"ὅς τις δὴ πρῶτος βροτόεντʼ ἀνδράγριʼ Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"which of the Achaeans first lifted blood-stained spoils","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l509.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἤρατ̓","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πρῶτος","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"βροτόεντ","lemma":"βροτόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδράγρἰ","gloss":"blood-stained"},{"surface":"ἀνδράγρι","lemma":"ἀνδράγρια","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἤρατ̓","gloss":"spoils from men"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":510,"label":"510","id":"b14-l510","source":"ἤρατʼ, ἐπεί ῥʼ ἔκλινε μάχην κλυτὸς ἐννοσίγαιος.","translation":"once the famed shaker of earth had bent the battle back.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l510.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤρατ","lemma":"αἴρω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἔσπετε","gloss":"lifted"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔκλινε","lemma":"κλίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"had bent back"},{"surface":"μάχην","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔκλινε","gloss":"the battle"},{"surface":"κλυτὸς","lemma":"κλυτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐννοσίγαιος","gloss":"famed"},{"surface":"ἐννοσίγαιος","lemma":"Ἐννοσίγαιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔκλινε","gloss":"the earth-shaker"}]},{"number":511,"label":"511","id":"b14-l511","source":"Αἴας ῥα πρῶτος Τελαμώνιος Ὕρτιον οὖτα","translation":"First Telamonian Ajax wounded Hyrtius,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l511.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of οὖτα","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πρῶτος","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"Τελαμώνιος","lemma":"Τελαμών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"Telamonian"},{"surface":"Ὕρτιον","lemma":"Ὕρτιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Hyrtius"},{"surface":"οὖτα","lemma":"οὐτάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wounded"}]},{"number":512,"label":"512","id":"b14-l512","source":"Γυρτιάδην Μυσῶν ἡγήτορα καρτεροθύμων·","translation":"son of Gyrtius and leader of the stout-hearted Mysians;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l512.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Γυρτιάδην","lemma":"Γυρτιάδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ὕρτιον","gloss":"son of Gyrtius"},{"surface":"Μυσῶν","lemma":"Μυσός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἡγήτορα","gloss":"of the Mysians"},{"surface":"ἡγήτορα","lemma":"ἡγήτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"leader"},{"surface":"καρτεροθύμων","lemma":"καρτερόθυμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μυσῶν","gloss":"stout-hearted"}]},{"number":513,"label":"513","id":"b14-l513","source":"Φάλκην δʼ Ἀντίλοχος καὶ Μέρμερον ἐξενάριξε·","translation":"Antilochus killed and stripped Phalces and Mermerus;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l513.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Φάλκην","lemma":"Φάλκης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Phalces"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀντίλοχος","lemma":"Ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐξενάριξε","gloss":"Antilochus"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μέρμερον","lemma":"Μέρμερος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Mermerus"},{"surface":"ἐξενάριξε","lemma":"ἐξεναρίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"killed and stripped"}]},{"number":514,"label":"514","id":"b14-l514","source":"Μηριόνης δὲ Μόρυν τε καὶ Ἱπποτίωνα κατέκτα,","translation":"Meriones killed Morys and Hippotion;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l514.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μηριόνης","lemma":"Μηριόνης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κατέκτα","gloss":"Meriones"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μόρυν","lemma":"Μόρυς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Morys"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἱπποτίωνα","lemma":"Ἱπποτίων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Hippotion"},{"surface":"κατέκτα","lemma":"κατακτείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"killed"}]},{"number":515,"label":"515","id":"b14-l515","source":"Τεῦκρος δὲ Προθόωνά τʼ ἐνήρατο καὶ Περιφήτην·","translation":"and Teucer slew Prothoon and Periphetes.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l515.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τεῦκρος","lemma":"Τεῦκρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐνήρατο","gloss":"Teucer"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Προθόωνά","lemma":"Προθόων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Prothoon"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"ἐνήρατο","lemma":"ἐναίρω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slew"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Περιφήτην","lemma":"Περιφήτης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Periphetes"}]},{"number":516,"label":"516","id":"b14-l516","source":"Ἀτρεΐδης δʼ ἄρʼ ἔπειθʼ Ὑπερήνορα ποιμένα λαῶν","translation":"Then the son of Atreus wounded Hyperenor, shepherd of the people,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l516.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδης","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of οὖτα","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔπειθ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"afterward"},{"surface":"Ὑπερήνορα","lemma":"Ὑπερήνωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Hyperenor"},{"surface":"ποιμένα","lemma":"ποιμήν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"shepherd"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ποιμένα","gloss":"of the people"}]},{"number":517,"label":"517","id":"b14-l517","source":"οὖτα κατὰ λαπάρην, διὰ δʼ ἔντερα χαλκὸς ἄφυσσε","translation":"in the flank, and the bronze tore through and spilled his entrails;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l517.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὖτα","lemma":"οὐτάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wounded"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"λαπάρην","lemma":"λαπάρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"the flank"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔντερα","lemma":"ἔντερον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἄφυσσε","gloss":"the entrails"},{"surface":"χαλκὸς","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄφυσσε","gloss":"the bronze"},{"surface":"ἄφυσσε","lemma":"ἀφύσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tore and spilled","note":"The verb vividly combines tearing or drawing out with the spilling of the entrails."}]},{"number":518,"label":"518","id":"b14-l518","source":"δῃώσας· ψυχὴ δὲ κατʼ οὐταμένην ὠτειλὴν","translation":"his life-breath rushed out in haste through the open wound,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l518.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ψυχὴ","title":"Life-breath leaving the wound","body":"ψυχή here is the life-breath that departs the body at death. It rushes out through the spear wound; the line does not describe a later, disembodied soul speaking or acting."}],"words":[{"surface":"δῃώσας","lemma":"δηιόω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἄφυσσε","gloss":"ravaging them"},{"surface":"ψυχὴ","lemma":"ψυχή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔσσυτ̓","gloss":"his life-breath"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"οὐταμένην","lemma":"οὐτάω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifies ὠτειλὴν","gloss":"the opened"},{"surface":"ὠτειλὴν","lemma":"ὠτειλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κατ̓","gloss":"wound"}]},{"number":519,"label":"519","id":"b14-l519","source":"ἔσσυτʼ ἐπειγομένη, τὸν δὲ σκότος ὄσσε κάλυψε.","translation":"and darkness covered his eyes.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l519.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσσυτ","lemma":"σεύω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rushed out"},{"surface":"ἐπειγομένη","lemma":"ἐπείγω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἔσσυτ̓","gloss":"in haste"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κάλυψε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σκότος","lemma":"σκότος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κάλυψε","gloss":"darkness"},{"surface":"ὄσσε","lemma":"ὄσσε","morphology":"accusative dual neuter noun","role":"object of κάλυψε","gloss":"both eyes","note":"A Homeric accusative dual, explicitly the two eyes."},{"surface":"κάλυψε","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"covered"}]},{"number":520,"label":"520","id":"b14-l520","source":"πλείστους δʼ Αἴας εἷλεν Ὀϊλῆος ταχὺς υἱός·","translation":"But swift Ajax, son of Oileus, took the most men,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l520.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πλείστους","lemma":"πλεῖστος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine superlative adjective","role":"object of εἷλεν","gloss":"the most men"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"εἷλεν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"Ὀϊλῆος","lemma":"Ὀιλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"of Oileus"},{"surface":"ταχὺς","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":521,"label":"521","id":"b14-l521","source":"οὐ γάρ οἵ τις ὁμοῖος ἐπισπέσθαι ποσὶν ἦεν","translation":"for no man was his equal in pursuing on foot","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l521.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὁμοῖος","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦεν","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ὁμοῖος","lemma":"ὅμοιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"equal"},{"surface":"ἐπισπέσθαι","lemma":"ἐφέπω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"adverbial to ὁμοῖος","gloss":"in pursuing"},{"surface":"ποσὶν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπισπέσθαι","gloss":"on foot"},{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"}]},{"number":522,"label":"522","id":"b14-l522","source":"ἀνδρῶν τρεσσάντων, ὅτε τε Ζεὺς ἐν φόβον ὄρσῃ.","translation":"when men fled and Zeus stirred up the rout.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b14-l522.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὅτε τε Ζεὺς ἐν φόβον ὄρσῃ","title":"Whenever Zeus stirs rout","body":"The subjunctive ὄρσῃ stands in a general temporal clause with ὅτε τε: this is what happens whenever Zeus sends panic into an army. The form broadens the final line from this pursuit to a recurring truth of battle."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τρεσσάντων","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"τρεσσάντων","lemma":"τρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπισπέσθαι","gloss":"as they fled","note":"This genitive participle completes 'pursuing': pursuing men while they fled."},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὄρσῃ","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"φόβον","lemma":"φόβος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"rout"},{"surface":"ὄρσῃ","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"stirs them"}]}]}