{"work":{"slug":"iliad","title":{"source":"Ἰλιάς","translated":"The Iliad"},"author":"Homer","language":"Ancient Greek","languageCode":"grc","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad"},"unit":{"kind":"book","number":15,"id":"book-15","title":{"source":"Ἰλιάδος Ο","translated":"Book 15 — Fire at the Ships"},"section":"The Patrocleia","summary":"Zeus wakes and sets things right. Apollo heals Hector, and the Trojans reach the ships. Ajax fights from the decks.","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad/15","lines":746},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad/14","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad/16","license":"Source text: public domain (Homer, ancient; Greek per the Murray text via the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 3.0). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original line-aligned draft, pending editorial review. Word-by-word morphology and syntax derived from the Perseus Ancient Greek Dependency Treebank (CC BY-SA 3.0); English glosses and notes © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"b15-l1","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ διά τε σκόλοπας καὶ τάφρον ἔβησαν","translation":"But when in flight they had crossed the stakes and trench,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ διά τε σκόλοπας καὶ τάφρον ἔβησαν","title":"The flight crosses the defenses","body":"This whole Greek line repeats Iliad 8.343 exactly, returning to the stakes and trench around the Achaean camp. The accepted English therefore returns unchanged."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"διά","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σκόλοπας","lemma":"σκόλοψ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"stakes"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τάφρον","lemma":"τάφρος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"trench"},{"surface":"ἔβησαν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"crossed"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"b15-l2","source":"φεύγοντες, πολλοὶ δὲ δάμεν Δαναῶν ὑπὸ χερσίν,","translation":"fleeing, and many had fallen beneath the Danaans' hands,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φεύγοντες","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔβησαν","gloss":"fleeing"},{"surface":"πολλοὶ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of δάμεν","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δάμεν","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"had fallen"},{"surface":"Δαναῶν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies χερσίν","gloss":"of the Danaans"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"χερσίν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"hands"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"b15-l3","source":"οἳ μὲν δὴ παρʼ ὄχεσφιν ἐρητύοντο μένοντες","translation":"they halted there beside their chariots and stood fast,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐρητύοντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for their part"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"ὄχεσφιν","lemma":"ὄχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to παῤ","gloss":"chariots"},{"surface":"ἐρητύοντο","lemma":"ἐρητύω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"halted"},{"surface":"μένοντες","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐρητύοντο","gloss":"standing fast"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"b15-l4","source":"χλωροὶ ὑπαὶ δείους πεφοβημένοι· ἔγρετο δὲ Ζεὺς","translation":"pale beneath their fear and panic-stricken; then Zeus woke","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"χλωροὶ ὑπαὶ δείους πεφοβημένοι","title":"Fear as a settled state","body":"The perfect participle πεφοβημένοι presents the Trojans as already driven into panic, while χλωροί makes them pale under fear. Their terror is the state in which Zeus sees them when he wakes."}],"words":[{"surface":"χλωροὶ","lemma":"χλωρός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"pale"},{"surface":"ὑπαὶ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"δείους","lemma":"δέος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπαὶ","gloss":"fear"},{"surface":"πεφοβημένοι","lemma":"φοβέω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐρητύοντο","gloss":"terrified"},{"surface":"ἔγρετο","lemma":"ἐγείρω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"awoke"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔγρετο","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"b15-l5","source":"Ἴδης ἐν κορυφῇσι παρὰ χρυσοθρόνου Ἥρης,","translation":"on the crests of Ida beside golden-throned Hera.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἴδης","lemma":"Ἴδη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies κορυφῇσι","gloss":"of Ida"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κορυφῇσι","lemma":"κορυφή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"crests"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"χρυσοθρόνου","lemma":"χρυσόθρονος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρης","gloss":"golden-throned"},{"surface":"Ἥρης","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"b15-l6","source":"στῆ δʼ ἄρʼ ἀναΐξας, ἴδε δὲ Τρῶας καὶ Ἀχαιοὺς","translation":"He sprang up and stood, and saw the Trojans and Achaeans—","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀναΐξας","lemma":"ἀναίσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to στῆ","gloss":"springing up"},{"surface":"ἴδε","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τρῶας","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὺς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"b15-l7","source":"τοὺς μὲν ὀρινομένους, τοὺς δὲ κλονέοντας ὄπισθεν","translation":"the Trojans driven in turmoil, the Argives driving them from behind,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὀρινομένους","gloss":"the former"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one side"},{"surface":"ὀρινομένους","lemma":"ὀρίνω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifies δὲ","gloss":"driven in turmoil"},{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies κλονέοντας","gloss":"the latter"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"on the other"},{"surface":"κλονέοντας","lemma":"κλονέω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifies δὲ","gloss":"driving them"},{"surface":"ὄπισθεν","lemma":"ὄπισθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κλονέοντας","gloss":"from behind"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"b15-l8","source":"Ἀργείους, μετὰ δέ σφι Ποσειδάωνα ἄνακτα·","translation":"and among the Argives lord Poseidon.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργείους","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of κλονέοντας","gloss":"the Argives"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφι","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies μετὰ","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"Ποσειδάωνα","lemma":"Ποσειδεών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δέ","gloss":"Poseidon"},{"surface":"ἄνακτα","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ποσειδάωνα","gloss":"lord"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"b15-l9","source":"Ἕκτορα δʼ ἐν πεδίῳ ἴδε κείμενον, ἀμφὶ δʼ ἑταῖροι","translation":"He saw Hector lying on the plain, his comrades seated","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορα","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἴδε","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πεδίῳ","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"plain"},{"surface":"ἴδε","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"κείμενον","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"lying"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἵαθ̓","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑταῖροι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of εἵαθ̓","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"b15-l10","source":"εἵαθʼ, ὃ δʼ ἀργαλέῳ ἔχετʼ ἄσθματι κῆρ ἀπινύσσων","translation":"around him; grievous gasping held him, and his mind was failing,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἵαθ","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were seated"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔχετ̓","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀργαλέῳ","lemma":"ἀργαλέος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄσθματι","gloss":"grievous"},{"surface":"ἔχετ","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gripped him"},{"surface":"ἄσθματι","lemma":"ἄσθμα","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχετ̓","gloss":"gasping"},{"surface":"κῆρ","lemma":"κῆρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπινύσσων","gloss":"in his mind"},{"surface":"ἀπινύσσων","lemma":"ἀπινύσσω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔχετ̓","gloss":"his mind failing"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"b15-l11","source":"αἷμʼ ἐμέων, ἐπεὶ οὔ μιν ἀφαυρότατος βάλʼ Ἀχαιῶν.","translation":"as he vomited blood, for it was not the feeblest Achaean who had struck him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l11.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"οὔ μιν ἀφαυρότατος βάλʼ Ἀχαιῶν","title":"No feeblest Achaean","body":"The emphatic negative with the superlative ἀφαυρότατος is litotes: Hector was struck not by the weakest Achaean, but by a formidable one. The narrator leaves Ajax unnamed here while stressing the force of his blow."}],"words":[{"surface":"αἷμ","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐμέων","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"ἐμέων","lemma":"ἐμέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔχετ̓","gloss":"vomiting"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of βάλ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἀφαυρότατος","lemma":"ἀφαυρός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"subject of βάλ̓","gloss":"the feeblest"},{"surface":"βάλ","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies βάλ̓","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"b15-l12","source":"τὸν δὲ ἰδὼν ἐλέησε πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε,","translation":"Seeing him, the father of men and gods took pity,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l12.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἰδὼν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐλέησε","gloss":"seeing"},{"surface":"ἐλέησε","lemma":"ἐλεέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pitied"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐλέησε","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"b15-l13","source":"δεινὰ δʼ ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν Ἥρην πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπεν·","translation":"and glaring terribly at Hera from under his brows, he spoke:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l13.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δεινὰ δʼ ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν","title":"The terrible under-brow glare","body":"The recurring ὑπόδρα gesture is a hostile look from beneath the brows. Here δεινά intensifies it: Zeus's first response on waking is not merely stern but terrifying."}],"words":[{"surface":"δεινὰ","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἰδὼν","gloss":"terribly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπόδρα","lemma":"ὑπόδρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰδὼν","gloss":"from under his brows"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔειπεν","gloss":"seeing"},{"surface":"Ἥρην","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔειπεν","gloss":"Hera"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔειπεν","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"ἔειπεν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"b15-l14","source":"ἦ μάλα δὴ κακότεχνος ἀμήχανε σὸς δόλος Ἥρη","translation":"\"Ah, evil-working, incorrigible Hera, your trick","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l14.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κακότεχνος","lemma":"κακότεχνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δόλος","gloss":"evil-working"},{"surface":"ἀμήχανε","lemma":"ἀμήχανος","morphology":"vocative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"incorrigible"},{"surface":"σὸς","lemma":"σός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δόλος","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"δόλος","lemma":"δόλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"trick"},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"b15-l15","source":"Ἕκτορα δῖον ἔπαυσε μάχης, ἐφόβησε δὲ λαούς.","translation":"has stopped godlike Hector from battle and routed the host.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l15.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορα","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔπαυσε","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δῖον","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορα","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"ἔπαυσε","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stopped"},{"surface":"μάχης","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔπαυσε","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"ἐφόβησε","lemma":"φοβέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"routed"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λαούς","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐφόβησε","gloss":"forces"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"b15-l16","source":"οὐ μὰν οἶδʼ εἰ αὖτε κακορραφίης ἀλεγεινῆς","translation":"Indeed, I do not know whether once again for this grievous plotting","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l16.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὰν","lemma":"μήν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"οἶδ","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I know"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"κακορραφίης","lemma":"κακορραφία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπαύρηαι","gloss":"evil plotting"},{"surface":"ἀλεγεινῆς","lemma":"ἀλεγεινός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κακορραφίης","gloss":"grievous"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"b15-l17","source":"πρώτη ἐπαύρηαι καί σε πληγῇσιν ἱμάσσω.","translation":"you will be first to reap the fruit, and I shall lash you with blows.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l17.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρώτη","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ἐπαύρηαι","lemma":"ἐπαυρέω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of καί","gloss":"reap the fruit"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἱμάσσω","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"πληγῇσιν","lemma":"πληγή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἱμάσσω","gloss":"blows"},{"surface":"ἱμάσσω","lemma":"ἱμάσσω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"object of καί","gloss":"I shall lash"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"b15-l18","source":"ἦ οὐ μέμνῃ ὅτε τʼ ἐκρέμω ὑψόθεν, ἐκ δὲ ποδοῖιν","translation":"Do you not remember when I hung you from on high, and from your two feet","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l18.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἐκ δὲ ποδοῖιν","title":"Hera's two feet","body":"ποδοῖιν is a dual form, marking the pair of feet from which Zeus hung the two anvils. Homer uses the dual where the body naturally supplies a matched pair."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μέμνῃ","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"remember"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκρέμω","lemma":"κρεμάννυμι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"I hung you"},{"surface":"ὑψόθεν","lemma":"ὑψόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐκρέμω","gloss":"from above"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ποδοῖιν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"genitive dual masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"your two feet"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"b15-l19","source":"ἄκμονας ἧκα δύω, περὶ χερσὶ δὲ δεσμὸν ἴηλα","translation":"hung two anvils, and around your hands drew a bond","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l19.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄκμονας","lemma":"ἄκμων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἧκα","gloss":"anvils"},{"surface":"ἧκα","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"I hung"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ἄκμονας","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δεσμὸν","lemma":"δεσμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἴηλα","gloss":"a bond"},{"surface":"ἴηλα","lemma":"ἰάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"I drew"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"b15-l20","source":"χρύσεον ἄρρηκτον; σὺ δʼ ἐν αἰθέρι καὶ νεφέλῃσιν","translation":"of gold, unbreakable? You hung in the air among the clouds;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l20.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χρύσεον","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δεσμὸν","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"ἄρρηκτον","lemma":"ἄρρηκτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δεσμὸν","gloss":"unbreakable"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐκρέμω","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"αἰθέρι","lemma":"αἰθήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"the air"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νεφέλῃσιν","lemma":"νεφέλη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"the clouds"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"b15-l21","source":"ἐκρέμω· ἠλάστεον δὲ θεοὶ κατὰ μακρὸν Ὄλυμπον,","translation":"you hung, and the gods raged throughout broad Olympus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l21.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκρέμω","lemma":"κρεμάννυμι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you hung"},{"surface":"ἠλάστεον","lemma":"ἀλαστέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"raged"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠλάστεον","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"μακρὸν","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὄλυμπον","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"Ὄλυμπον","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"Olympus"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"b15-l22","source":"λῦσαι δʼ οὐκ ἐδύναντο παρασταδόν· ὃν δὲ λάβοιμι","translation":"but standing near they could not free you. Whichever one I caught,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l22.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λῦσαι","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἐδύναντο","gloss":"to free you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐδύναντο","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"παρασταδόν","lemma":"παρασταδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λῦσαι","gloss":"standing near"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of λάβοιμι","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λάβοιμι","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"object of ῥίπτασκον","gloss":"I caught"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"b15-l23","source":"ῥίπτασκον τεταγὼν ἀπὸ βηλοῦ ὄφρʼ ἂν ἵκηται","translation":"I would seize and hurl from the threshold until he reached","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l23.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ῥίπτασκον","title":"Again and again he hurled them","body":"The iterative imperfect ῥίπτασκον presents Zeus's threat as repeated action: whichever god he caught, he kept hurling from Olympus. The form makes the violence habitual within the remembered scene."}],"words":[{"surface":"ῥίπτασκον","lemma":"ῥίπτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I would hurl"},{"surface":"τεταγὼν","lemma":"τεταγών","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ῥίπτασκον","gloss":"seizing"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"βηλοῦ","lemma":"βηλός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"the threshold"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἵκηται","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφῤ","gloss":"he reached"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"b15-l24","source":"γῆν ὀλιγηπελέων· ἐμὲ δʼ οὐδʼ ὧς θυμὸν ἀνίει","translation":"the earth in a faint. Yet not even so did there leave my heart","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l24.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γῆν","lemma":"γῆ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἵκηται","gloss":"the earth"},{"surface":"ὀλιγηπελέων","lemma":"ὀλιγηπελέων","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἵκηται","gloss":"fainting"},{"surface":"ἐμὲ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀνίει","gloss":"from me"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὧς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνίει","gloss":"even so"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνίει","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἀνίει","lemma":"ἀνίημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"left"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"b15-l25","source":"ἀζηχὴς ὀδύνη Ἡρακλῆος θείοιο,","translation":"the ceaseless pain I bore for divine Heracles,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l25.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀζηχὴς","lemma":"ἀζηχής","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὀδύνη","gloss":"ceaseless"},{"surface":"ὀδύνη","lemma":"ὀδύνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀνίει","gloss":"pain"},{"surface":"Ἡρακλῆος","lemma":"Ἡρακλέης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὀδύνη","gloss":"over Heracles"},{"surface":"θείοιο","lemma":"θεῖος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἡρακλῆος","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"b15-l26","source":"τὸν σὺ ξὺν Βορέῃ ἀνέμῳ πεπιθοῦσα θυέλλας","translation":"whom you, with Boreas the wind, after winning the tempests to your side,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l26.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πέμψας","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of καί","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ξὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Βορέῃ","lemma":"Βορέας","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνέμῳ","gloss":"Boreas"},{"surface":"ἀνέμῳ","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ξὺν","gloss":"wind"},{"surface":"πεπιθοῦσα","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to πέμψας","gloss":"winning over"},{"surface":"θυέλλας","lemma":"θύελλα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of πεπιθοῦσα","gloss":"the tempests"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"b15-l27","source":"πέμψας ἐπʼ ἀτρύγετον πόντον κακὰ μητιόωσα,","translation":"sent over the barren sea, plotting evil,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l27.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πέμψας","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καί","gloss":"you sent"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ἀτρύγετον","lemma":"ἀτρύγετος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόντον","gloss":"barren"},{"surface":"πόντον","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μητιόωσα","gloss":"evils"},{"surface":"μητιόωσα","lemma":"μητιάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to πέμψας","gloss":"plotting"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"b15-l28","source":"καί μιν ἔπειτα Κόων δʼ εὖ ναιομένην ἀπένεικας.","translation":"and then you swept his son away to well-settled Cos,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l28.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"καί μιν ἔπειτα Κόων δʼ εὖ ναιομένην ἀπένεικας","title":"The storm to Cos","body":"This line repeats Iliad 14.255 apart from terminal punctuation and keeps its accepted English wording. Cos is the island where Hera's storm carried Heracles after driving him over the sea."}],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπένεικας","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπένεικας","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Κόων","lemma":"Κῶς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπένεικας","gloss":"Cos"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ναιομένην","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"ναιομένην","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifies Κόων","gloss":"settled"},{"surface":"ἀπένεικας","lemma":"ἀποφέρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καί","gloss":"swept away"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"b15-l29","source":"τὸν μὲν ἐγὼν ἔνθεν ῥυσάμην καὶ ἀνήγαγον αὖτις","translation":"but I rescued him from there and brought him back again","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l29.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἔνθεν","lemma":"ἔνθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ῥυσάμην","gloss":"from there"},{"surface":"ῥυσάμην","lemma":"ῥύομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I rescued"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνήγαγον","lemma":"ἀνάγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brought back"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνήγαγον","gloss":"again"}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"b15-l30","source":"Ἄργος ἐς ἱππόβοτον καὶ πολλά περ ἀθλήσαντα.","translation":"to horse-pasturing Argos, though he had endured many labors.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l30.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἄργος","lemma":"Ἄργος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Argos"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἱππόβοτον","lemma":"ἱππόβοτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies Ἄργος","gloss":"horse-pasturing"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"πολλά","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀθλήσαντα","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀθλήσαντα","lemma":"ἀθλέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"labored"}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"b15-l31","source":"τῶν σʼ αὖτις μνήσω ἵνʼ ἀπολλήξῃς ἀπατάων,","translation":"I shall remind you of these things again, so that you cease from deception","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l31.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of μνήσω","gloss":"of these things"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of μνήσω","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μνήσω","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"μνήσω","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I shall remind"},{"surface":"ἵν","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἀπολλήξῃς","lemma":"ἀπολήγω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵν̓","gloss":"you cease"},{"surface":"ἀπατάων","lemma":"ἀπάτη","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπολλήξῃς","gloss":"deceit"}]},{"number":32,"label":"32","id":"b15-l32","source":"ὄφρα ἴδῃ ἤν τοι χραίσμῃ φιλότης τε καὶ εὐνή,","translation":"and see whether love and bed will help you—","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l32.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἴδῃ","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"you may see"},{"surface":"ἤν","lemma":"ἐάν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of χραίσμῃ","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"χραίσμῃ","lemma":"χραισμέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἤν","gloss":"will help"},{"surface":"φιλότης","lemma":"φιλότης","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"love"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"εὐνή","lemma":"εὐνή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"a bed"}]},{"number":33,"label":"33","id":"b15-l33","source":"ἣν ἐμίγης ἐλθοῦσα θεῶν ἄπο καί μʼ ἀπάτησας.","translation":"the bed you shared when you came from among the gods and deceived me.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l33.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἣν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐμίγης","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ἐμίγης","lemma":"μίγνυμι","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καί","gloss":"you shared"},{"surface":"ἐλθοῦσα","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἐμίγης","gloss":"you came"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἄπο","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"ἄπο","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπάτησας","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἀπάτησας","lemma":"ἀπατάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καί","gloss":"deceived"}]},{"number":34,"label":"34","id":"b15-l34","source":"ὣς φάτο, ῥίγησεν δὲ βοῶπις πότνια Ἥρη,","translation":"So he spoke, and ox-eyed queenly Hera trembled,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l34.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ῥίγησεν","lemma":"ῥιγέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shuddered"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βοῶπις","lemma":"βοῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"ox-eyed"},{"surface":"πότνια","lemma":"πότνια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"queenly"},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ῥίγησεν","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":35,"label":"35","id":"b15-l35","source":"καί μιν φωνήσασʼ ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"and speaking to him, she addressed him with winged words:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l35.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"καί μιν φωνήσασʼ ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα","title":"She speaks to him","body":"The feminine participle φωνήσασʼ identifies Hera as the speaker, while μιν refers to Zeus, her male addressee. The Greek line returns at 15.89 with a female addressee, so the English pronoun must follow each scene even though μιν itself does not mark gender."}],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"φωνήσασ","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":36,"label":"36","id":"b15-l36","source":"ἴστω νῦν τόδε Γαῖα καὶ Οὐρανὸς εὐρὺς ὕπερθε","translation":"\"Now let Earth know this, and broad Heaven above,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l36.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἴστω","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let know"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴστω","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἴστω","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"Γαῖα","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Οὐρανὸς","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"εὐρὺς","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Οὐρανὸς","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"ὕπερθε","lemma":"ὕπερθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Οὐρανὸς","gloss":"above"}]},{"number":37,"label":"37","id":"b15-l37","source":"καὶ τὸ κατειβόμενον Στυγὸς ὕδωρ, ὅς τε μέγιστος","translation":"and the down-flowing water of Styx, which is the greatest","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l37.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter article","role":"modifies ὕδωρ","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"κατειβόμενον","lemma":"κατείβω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular neuter","role":"modifies ὕδωρ","gloss":"flowing down"},{"surface":"Στυγὸς","lemma":"Στύξ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ὕδωρ","gloss":"of Styx"},{"surface":"ὕδωρ","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πέλει","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέγιστος","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"greatest"}]},{"number":38,"label":"38","id":"b15-l38","source":"ὅρκος δεινότατός τε πέλει μακάρεσσι θεοῖσι,","translation":"and most terrible oath among the blessed gods,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l38.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅρκος","lemma":"ὅρκος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"oath"},{"surface":"δεινότατός","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"dread"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πέλει","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ὕδωρ","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"μακάρεσσι","lemma":"μάκαρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοῖσι","gloss":"the blessed"},{"surface":"θεοῖσι","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πέλει","gloss":"gods"}]},{"number":39,"label":"39","id":"b15-l39","source":"σή θʼ ἱερὴ κεφαλὴ καὶ νωΐτερον λέχος αὐτῶν","translation":"and your sacred head and our own wedded bed,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l39.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σή","lemma":"σός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κεφαλὴ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱερὴ","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κεφαλὴ","gloss":"sacred"},{"surface":"κεφαλὴ","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νωΐτερον","lemma":"νωίτερος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies λέχος","gloss":"our own"},{"surface":"λέχος","lemma":"λέχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"bed"},{"surface":"αὐτῶν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies λέχος","gloss":"of us both"}]},{"number":40,"label":"40","id":"b15-l40","source":"κουρίδιον, τὸ μὲν οὐκ ἂν ἐγώ ποτε μὰψ ὀμόσαιμι·","translation":"by which I would never swear recklessly:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l40.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"οὐκ ἂν ἐγώ ποτε μὰψ ὀμόσαιμι","title":"A solemn potential oath","body":"The optative ὀμόσαιμι with ἄν states what Hera could never bring herself to do: swear idly or falsely by the marriage bed. The potential construction strengthens her claim without proving that every surrounding implication is honest."}],"words":[{"surface":"κουρίδιον","lemma":"κουρίδιος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies λέχος","gloss":"wedded"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ὀμόσαιμι","gloss":"by which"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ὀμόσαιμι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ποτε","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ὀμόσαιμι","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"μὰψ","lemma":"μάψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to 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singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πημαίνει","gloss":"Poseidon"},{"surface":"ἐνοσίχθων","lemma":"Ἐνοσίχθων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ποσειδάων","gloss":"Earth-shaker"}]},{"number":42,"label":"42","id":"b15-l42","source":"πημαίνει Τρῶάς τε καὶ Ἕκτορα, τοῖσι δʼ ἀρήγει,","translation":"brings harm to the Trojans and Hector and gives the Achaeans aid,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l42.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πημαίνει","lemma":"πημαίνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brings harm to"},{"surface":"Τρῶάς","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορα","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀρήγει","gloss":"the Achaeans"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀρήγει","lemma":"ἀρήγω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gives aid"}]},{"number":43,"label":"43","id":"b15-l43","source":"ἀλλά που αὐτὸν θυμὸς ἐποτρύνει καὶ ἀνώγει,","translation":"but surely his own heart urges and commands him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l43.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence 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—×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l44.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τειρομένους","lemma":"τείρω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being worn down"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐλέησεν","gloss":"seeing"},{"surface":"ἐλέησεν","lemma":"ἐλεέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pitied"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐλέησεν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":45,"label":"45","id":"b15-l45","source":"αὐτάρ τοι καὶ κείνῳ ἐγὼ παραμυθησαίμην","translation":"Yet I would counsel even him","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l45.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτάρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παραμυθησαίμην","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"κείνῳ","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of παραμυθησαίμην","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of παραμυθησαίμην","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"παραμυθησαίμην","lemma":"παραμυθέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"counsel"}]},{"number":46,"label":"46","id":"b15-l46","source":"τῇ ἴμεν ᾗ κεν δὴ σὺ κελαινεφὲς ἡγεμονεύῃς.","translation":"to go the way in which you, dark-clouded one, should lead.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l46.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"σὺ κελαινεφὲς","title":"Zeus, the dark-clouded one","body":"κελαινεφές is a vocative title for Zeus, picturing him in the darkness of storm clouds. It remains distinct from his separate cloud-gatherer and wide-thundering epithets."}],"words":[{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"τῇ","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἴμεν","gloss":"that way"},{"surface":"ἴμεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of παραμυθησαίμην","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"ᾗ","lemma":"ᾗ","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἡγεμονεύῃς","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἡγεμονεύῃς","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"κελαινεφὲς","lemma":"κελαινεφής","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"dark-clouded lord"},{"surface":"ἡγεμονεύῃς","lemma":"ἡγεμονεύω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τῇ","gloss":"lead"}]},{"number":47,"label":"47","id":"b15-l47","source":"ὣς φάτο, μείδησεν δὲ πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε,","translation":"So she spoke, and the father of men and gods smiled.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l47.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she spoke"},{"surface":"μείδησεν","lemma":"μειδάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"smiled"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"function word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μείδησεν","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":48,"label":"48","id":"b15-l48","source":"καί μιν ἀμειβόμενος ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"And answering her, he addressed her with winged words:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l48.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"ἀμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":49,"label":"49","id":"b15-l49","source":"εἰ μὲν δὴ σύ γʼ ἔπειτα βοῶπις πότνια Ἥρη","translation":"\"If indeed you, ox-eyed queenly Hera,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l49.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of καθίζοις","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καθίζοις","gloss":"thereafter"},{"surface":"βοῶπις","lemma":"βοῶπις","morphology":"vocative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"ox-eyed"},{"surface":"πότνια","lemma":"πότνια","morphology":"vocative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"queenly"},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":50,"label":"50","id":"b15-l50","source":"ἶσον ἐμοὶ φρονέουσα μετʼ ἀθανάτοισι καθίζοις,","translation":"would sit among the immortals of one mind with me,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l50.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἶσον ἐμοὶ φρονέουσα μετʼ ἀθανάτοισι καθίζοις","title":"Zeus sets a condition","body":"The optative καθίζοις completes the condition opened by εἰ in the preceding line, while the result follows with κε in lines 51–52. Zeus imagines Hera aligning her counsel with his, then predicts Poseidon's response."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἶσον","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to φρονέουσα","gloss":"of one mind"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἶσον","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"φρονέουσα","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to καθίζοις","gloss":"disposed"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to μετ̓","gloss":"immortals"},{"surface":"καθίζοις","lemma":"καθίζω","morphology":"present active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"would sit"}]},{"number":51,"label":"51","id":"b15-l51","source":"τώ κε Ποσειδάων γε, καὶ εἰ μάλα βούλεται ἄλλῃ,","translation":"then Poseidon, even if he strongly wishes otherwise,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l51.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τώ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"Ποσειδάων","lemma":"Ποσειδεών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μεταστρέψειε","gloss":"Poseidon"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βούλεται","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"βούλεται","lemma":"βούλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"wishes"},{"surface":"ἄλλῃ","lemma":"ἄλλῃ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βούλεται","gloss":"otherwise"}]},{"number":52,"label":"52","id":"b15-l52","source":"αἶψα μεταστρέψειε νόον μετὰ σὸν καὶ ἐμὸν κῆρ.","translation":"would swiftly turn his purpose to follow your heart and mine.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l52.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μεταστρέψειε","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"μεταστρέψειε","lemma":"μεταστρέφω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would turn"},{"surface":"νόον","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μεταστρέψειε","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to follow"},{"surface":"σὸν","lemma":"σός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐμὸν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"κῆρ","lemma":"κῆρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"purpose"}]},{"number":53,"label":"53","id":"b15-l53","source":"ἀλλʼ εἰ δή ῥʼ ἐτεόν γε καὶ ἀτρεκέως ἀγορεύεις,","translation":"But if what you say is true and exact,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l53.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐτεόν","lemma":"ἐτεός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"true"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀτρεκέως","lemma":"ἀτρεκής","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"exactly"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύεις","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"you speak"}]},{"number":54,"label":"54","id":"b15-l54","source":"ἔρχεο νῦν μετὰ φῦλα θεῶν, καὶ δεῦρο κάλεσσον","translation":"go now among the tribes of gods, and summon here","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l54.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔρχεο","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔρχεο","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"φῦλα","lemma":"φῦλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"tribes"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies φῦλα","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δεῦρο","lemma":"δεῦρο","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐλθέμεναι","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"κάλεσσον","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"summon"}]},{"number":55,"label":"55","id":"b15-l55","source":"Ἶρίν τʼ ἐλθέμεναι καὶ Ἀπόλλωνα κλυτότοξον,","translation":"Iris to come, and Apollo famed for his bow,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l55.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἶρίν","lemma":"Ἶρις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Iris"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐλθέμεναι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of κάλεσσον","gloss":"to come"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλωνα","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Apollo"},{"surface":"κλυτότοξον","lemma":"κλυτότοξος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλωνα","gloss":"famed for his bow"}]},{"number":56,"label":"56","id":"b15-l56","source":"ὄφρʼ ἣ μὲν μετὰ λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων","translation":"so that she may go among the host of bronze-clad Achaeans","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l56.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Iris"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"λαὸν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"host"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies λαὸν","gloss":"Achaeans"},{"surface":"χαλκοχιτώνων","lemma":"χαλκοχίτων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιῶν","gloss":"bronze-clad"}]},{"number":57,"label":"57","id":"b15-l57","source":"ἔλθῃ, καὶ εἴπῃσι Ποσειδάωνι ἄνακτι","translation":"and tell lord Poseidon","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l57.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔλθῃ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"may go"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἴπῃσι","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"Ποσειδάωνι","lemma":"Ποσειδεών","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἴπῃσι","gloss":"Poseidon"},{"surface":"ἄνακτι","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ποσειδάωνι","gloss":"lord"}]},{"number":58,"label":"58","id":"b15-l58","source":"παυσάμενον πολέμοιο τὰ ἃ πρὸς δώμαθʼ ἱκέσθαι,","translation":"to cease from war and make his way to his own house,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l58.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"παυσάμενον πολέμοιο τὰ ἃ πρὸς δώμαθʼ ἱκέσθαι","title":"Poseidon must stop and go","body":"The accusative participle παυσάμενον and infinitive ἱκέσθαι both refer to Poseidon, the addressee named in the preceding line. Iris is to tell him to stop fighting and return to his own house; she does not perform either action herself."}],"words":[{"surface":"παυσάμενον","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἱκέσθαι","gloss":"to cease"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of παυσάμενον","gloss":"from war"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter article","role":"modifies δώμαθ̓","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἃ","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δώμαθ̓","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"δώμαθ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"ἱκέσθαι","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of εἴπῃσι","gloss":"make his way"}]},{"number":59,"label":"59","id":"b15-l59","source":"Ἕκτορα δʼ ὀτρύνῃσι μάχην ἐς Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων,","translation":"and Phoebus Apollo may urge Hector into battle,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l59.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορα","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀτρύνῃσι","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀτρύνῃσι","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αὐτὰρ","gloss":"may urge"},{"surface":"μάχην","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Φοῖβος","lemma":"Φοῖβος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"Phoebus"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of αὐτὰρ","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":60,"label":"60","id":"b15-l60","source":"αὖτις δʼ ἐμπνεύσῃσι μένος, λελάθῃ δʼ ὀδυνάων","translation":"breathe strength into him again, and make him forget the pains","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l60.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐμπνεύσῃσι","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐμπνεύσῃσι","lemma":"ἐμπνέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αὐτὰρ","gloss":"breathe again"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐμπνεύσῃσι","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"λελάθῃ","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αὐτὰρ","gloss":"make him forget"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀδυνάων","lemma":"ὀδύνη","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of λελάθῃ","gloss":"of pains"}]},{"number":61,"label":"61","id":"b15-l61","source":"αἳ νῦν μιν τείρουσι κατὰ φρένας, αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοὺς","translation":"that now wear down his mind; then turn the Achaeans","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l61.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of τείρουσι","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τείρουσι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τείρουσι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"τείρουσι","lemma":"τείρω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ὀδυνάων","gloss":"wear down"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρένας","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὺς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀποστρέψῃσιν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":62,"label":"62","id":"b15-l62","source":"αὖτις ἀποστρέψῃσιν ἀνάλκιδα φύζαν ἐνόρσας,","translation":"back again, rousing cowardly flight among them,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l62.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀποστρέψῃσιν","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἀποστρέψῃσιν","lemma":"ἀποστρέφω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αὐτὰρ","gloss":"may turn back"},{"surface":"ἀνάλκιδα","lemma":"ἄναλκις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies φύζαν","gloss":"cowardly"},{"surface":"φύζαν","lemma":"φύζα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐνόρσας","gloss":"rout"},{"surface":"ἐνόρσας","lemma":"ἐνόρνυμι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀποστρέψῃσιν","gloss":"rousing"}]},{"number":63,"label":"63","id":"b15-l63","source":"φεύγοντες δʼ ἐν νηυσὶ πολυκλήϊσι πέσωσι","translation":"and fleeing, they shall fall among the many-benched ships","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l63.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φεύγοντες","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to πέσωσι","gloss":"fleeing"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"πολυκλήϊσι","lemma":"πολυκλήις","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶ","gloss":"many-benched"},{"surface":"πέσωσι","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"fall"}]},{"number":64,"label":"64","id":"b15-l64","source":"Πηλεΐδεω Ἀχιλῆος· ὃ δʼ ἀνστήσει ὃν ἑταῖρον","translation":"of Achilles, son of Peleus; and he will raise up his companion","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l64.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πηλεΐδεω","lemma":"Πηλείδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀχιλῆος","gloss":"Peleus’ son"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆος","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies νηυσὶ","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀνστήσει","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνστήσει","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will raise up"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖρον","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἑταῖρον","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πάτροκλον","gloss":"companion"}]},{"number":65,"label":"65","id":"b15-l65","source":"Πάτροκλον· τὸν δὲ κτενεῖ ἔγχεϊ φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ","translation":"Patroclus, whom glorious Hector will kill with his spear","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l65.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πάτροκλον","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνστήσει","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κτενεῖ","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κτενεῖ","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will kill"},{"surface":"ἔγχεϊ","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κτενεῖ","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"φαίδιμος","lemma":"φαίδιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κτενεῖ","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":66,"label":"66","id":"b15-l66","source":"Ἰλίου προπάροιθε πολέας ὀλέσαντʼ αἰζηοὺς","translation":"before Ilion, after Patroclus has slain vigorous young men—","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l66.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἰλίου","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to προπάροιθε","gloss":"of Ilion"},{"surface":"προπάροιθε","lemma":"προπάροιθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"πολέας","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies αἰζηοὺς","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ὀλέσαντ","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"has slain"},{"surface":"αἰζηοὺς","lemma":"αἰζηός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ὀλέσαντ̓","gloss":"young men"}]},{"number":67,"label":"67","id":"b15-l67","source":"τοὺς ἄλλους, μετὰ δʼ υἱὸν ἐμὸν Σαρπηδόνα δῖον.","translation":"many others, and among them my own son, godlike Sarpedon.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l67.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἄλλους","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἄλλους","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies αἰζηοὺς","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Σαρπηδόνα","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἐμὸν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"Σαρπηδόνα","lemma":"Σαρπηδών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Sarpedon"},{"surface":"δῖον","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Σαρπηδόνα","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":68,"label":"68","id":"b15-l68","source":"τοῦ δὲ χολωσάμενος κτενεῖ Ἕκτορα δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς.","translation":"Angered over Patroclus, godlike Achilles will kill Hector.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l68.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τοῦ δὲ χολωσάμενος","title":"Achilles' anger for Patroclus","body":"The genitive pronoun τοῦ gives the cause of Achilles' anger and points back to Patroclus, whose death drives the revenge, not to Sarpedon in the immediately preceding line. Zeus is forecasting the chain of deaths rather than narrating events already completed."}],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of χολωσάμενος","gloss":"over him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χολωσάμενος","lemma":"χολόω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κτενεῖ","gloss":"angered"},{"surface":"κτενεῖ","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will kill"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορα","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κτενεῖ","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κτενεῖ","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":69,"label":"69","id":"b15-l69","source":"ἐκ τοῦ δʼ ἄν τοι ἔπειτα παλίωξιν παρὰ νηῶν","translation":"From that time onward I shall make a counter-pursuit from the ships","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l69.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"that time"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τεύχοιμι","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"παλίωξιν","lemma":"παλίωξις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τεύχοιμι","gloss":"a counter-pursuit"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies παρὰ","gloss":"ships"}]},{"number":70,"label":"70","id":"b15-l70","source":"αἰὲν ἐγὼ τεύχοιμι διαμπερὲς εἰς ὅ κʼ Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"continually and without pause, until the Achaeans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l70.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰὲν","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τεύχοιμι","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τεύχοιμι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"τεύχοιμι","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"present active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would bring about"},{"surface":"διαμπερὲς","lemma":"διαμπερές","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τεύχοιμι","gloss":"without pause"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἰς","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕλοιεν","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":71,"label":"71","id":"b15-l71","source":"Ἴλιον αἰπὺ ἕλοιεν Ἀθηναίης διὰ βουλάς.","translation":"take steep Ilion through the plans of Athena.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l71.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἕλοιεν","gloss":"Ilion"},{"surface":"αἰπὺ","lemma":"αἰπύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies Ἴλιον","gloss":"steep"},{"surface":"ἕλοιεν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to τεύχοιμι","gloss":"take"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίης","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies βουλάς","gloss":"Athena"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"βουλάς","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to διὰ","gloss":"counsels"}]},{"number":72,"label":"72","id":"b15-l72","source":"τὸ πρὶν δʼ οὔτʼ ἄρʼ ἐγὼ παύω χόλον οὔτέ τινʼ ἄλλον","translation":"Before that, I will neither cease my anger nor allow any other","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l72.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter article","role":"modifies πρὶν","gloss":"formerly"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οὔτέ","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of οὔτέ","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"παύω","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cease"},{"surface":"χόλον","lemma":"χόλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of παύω","gloss":"anger"},{"surface":"οὔτέ","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"τιν","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀμυνέμεν","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ἄλλον","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τιν̓","gloss":"else"}]},{"number":73,"label":"73","id":"b15-l73","source":"ἀθανάτων Δαναοῖσιν ἀμυνέμεν ἐνθάδʼ ἐάσω","translation":"of the immortals to defend the Danaans here","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l73.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀθανάτων","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τιν̓","gloss":"of the immortals"},{"surface":"Δαναοῖσιν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμυνέμεν","gloss":"the Danaans"},{"surface":"ἀμυνέμεν","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐάσω","gloss":"to defend"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδ","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀμυνέμεν","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἐάσω","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"allow"}]},{"number":74,"label":"74","id":"b15-l74","source":"πρίν γε τὸ Πηλεΐδαο τελευτηθῆναι ἐέλδωρ,","translation":"until the desire of Peleus' son has been fulfilled,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l74.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρίν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter article","role":"modifies ἐέλδωρ","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Πηλεΐδαο","lemma":"Πηλείδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐέλδωρ","gloss":"Peleus’ son"},{"surface":"τελευτηθῆναι","lemma":"τελευτάω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to πρίν","gloss":"has been fulfilled"},{"surface":"ἐέλδωρ","lemma":"ἔλδωρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of τελευτηθῆναι","gloss":"desire"}]},{"number":75,"label":"75","id":"b15-l75","source":"ὥς οἱ ὑπέστην πρῶτον, ἐμῷ δʼ ἐπένευσα κάρητι,","translation":"as I first promised him and nodded assent with my head","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l75.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ὑπέστην","gloss":"for her"},{"surface":"ὑπέστην","lemma":"ὑφίστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"I promised"},{"surface":"πρῶτον","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ὑπέστην","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ἐμῷ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κάρητι","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπένευσα","lemma":"ἐπινεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"nodded assent"},{"surface":"κάρητι","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπένευσα","gloss":"with my head"}]},{"number":76,"label":"76","id":"b15-l76","source":"ἤματι τῷ ὅτʼ ἐμεῖο θεὰ Θέτις ἥψατο γούνων,","translation":"on the day when the goddess Thetis clasped my knees,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l76.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤματι","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπένευσα","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἤματι","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἥψατο","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἐμεῖο","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies γούνων","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Θέτις","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"Θέτις","lemma":"Θέτις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἥψατο","gloss":"Thetis"},{"surface":"ἥψατο","lemma":"ἅπτω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἤματι","gloss":"touched"},{"surface":"γούνων","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἥψατο","gloss":"knees"}]},{"number":77,"label":"77","id":"b15-l77","source":"λισσομένη τιμῆσαι Ἀχιλλῆα πτολίπορθον.","translation":"begging him to honor Achilles, sacker of cities.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l77.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ἀχιλλῆα πτολίπορθον","title":"Achilles, sacker of cities","body":"The epithet πτολίπορθος names Achilles as a sacker of cities and repeats the closing formula of Iliad 8.372. Its accepted English wording returns here exactly, with only the closing quotation mark added for Zeus's completed speech."}],"words":[{"surface":"λισσομένη","lemma":"λίσσομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἥψατο","gloss":"entreating"},{"surface":"τιμῆσαι","lemma":"τιμάω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of λισσομένη","gloss":"honor"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλῆα","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τιμῆσαι","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"πτολίπορθον","lemma":"πτολίπορθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλῆα","gloss":"sacker of cities"}]},{"number":78,"label":"78","id":"b15-l78","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησε θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη,","translation":"So he spoke, and the goddess white-armed Hera did not disobey,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l78.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ἀπίθησε","lemma":"ἀπιθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did not disobey"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"λευκώλενος","lemma":"λευκώλενος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"white-armed"},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀπίθησε","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":79,"label":"79","id":"b15-l79","source":"βῆ δʼ ἐξ Ἰδαίων ὀρέων ἐς μακρὸν Ὄλυμπον.","translation":"and went from the mountains of Ida to high Olympus.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l79.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Ἰδαίων","lemma":"Ἰδαῖος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὀρέων","gloss":"of Ida"},{"surface":"ὀρέων","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"mountains"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"μακρὸν","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὄλυμπον","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"Ὄλυμπον","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Olympus"}]},{"number":80,"label":"80","id":"b15-l80","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἂν ἀΐξῃ νόος ἀνέρος, ὅς τʼ ἐπὶ πολλὴν","translation":"As when the mind of a man darts, a man who over much","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l80.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀΐξῃ νόος ἀνέρος","title":"When a man's thought darts","body":"The verb ἀΐσσω gives thought the sudden motion of a leap or dart. Hera's flight is compared not with a bodily journey but with the mind's ability to cross vast distances in an instant."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀΐξῃ","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἀΐξῃ","lemma":"ἀίσσω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to διέπτατο","gloss":"darts"},{"surface":"νόος","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀΐξῃ","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"ἀνέρος","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies νόος","gloss":"of a man"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"πολλὴν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"abundant"}]},{"number":81,"label":"81","id":"b15-l81","source":"γαῖαν ἐληλουθὼς φρεσὶ πευκαλίμῃσι νοήσῃ","translation":"land has traveled, and in his shrewd thoughts reflects,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l81.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"ἐληλουθὼς","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to νοήσῃ","gloss":"has traveled"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to νοήσῃ","gloss":"in his mind"},{"surface":"πευκαλίμῃσι","lemma":"πευκάλιμος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρεσὶ","gloss":"prudent"},{"surface":"νοήσῃ","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τε","gloss":"reflects"}]},{"number":82,"label":"82","id":"b15-l82","source":"ἔνθʼ εἴην ἢ ἔνθα, μενοινήῃσί τε πολλά,","translation":"\"Would I were here, or there,\" and desires many things,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l82.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"εἴην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"object of νοήσῃ","gloss":"would I be"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"μενοινήῃσί","lemma":"μενοινάω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τε","gloss":"desires"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πολλά","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μενοινήῃσί","gloss":"many"}]},{"number":83,"label":"83","id":"b15-l83","source":"ὣς κραιπνῶς μεμαυῖα διέπτατο πότνια Ἥρη·","translation":"so swiftly in her eagerness queenly Hera flew.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l83.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διέπτατο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"κραιπνῶς","lemma":"κραιπνός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διέπτατο","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"μεμαυῖα","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to διέπτατο","gloss":"eager"},{"surface":"διέπτατο","lemma":"διαπέταμαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flew"},{"surface":"πότνια","lemma":"πότνια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"queenly"},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of διέπτατο","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":84,"label":"84","id":"b15-l84","source":"ἵκετο δʼ αἰπὺν Ὄλυμπον, ὁμηγερέεσσι δʼ ἐπῆλθεν","translation":"She reached steep Olympus and came among the assembled","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l84.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵκετο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰπὺν","lemma":"αἰπύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὄλυμπον","gloss":"steep"},{"surface":"Ὄλυμπον","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἵκετο","gloss":"Olympus"},{"surface":"ὁμηγερέεσσι","lemma":"ὁμηγερής","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"assembled"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπῆλθεν","lemma":"ἐπέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"}]},{"number":85,"label":"85","id":"b15-l85","source":"ἀθανάτοισι θεοῖσι Διὸς δόμῳ· οἳ δὲ ἰδόντες","translation":"immortal gods in Zeus's house; when they saw her,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l85.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοῖσι","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"θεοῖσι","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπῆλθεν","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δόμῳ","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"δόμῳ","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπῆλθεν","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰδόντες","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"seeing"}]},{"number":86,"label":"86","id":"b15-l86","source":"πάντες ἀνήϊξαν καὶ δεικανόωντο δέπασσιν.","translation":"they all sprang up and offered their cups in greeting.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l86.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἳ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀνήϊξαν","lemma":"ἀναίσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sprang up"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δεικανόωντο","lemma":"δεικανάω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"offered in greeting"},{"surface":"δέπασσιν","lemma":"δέπας","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to δεικανόωντο","gloss":"their cups"}]},{"number":87,"label":"87","id":"b15-l87","source":"ἣ δʼ ἄλλους μὲν ἔασε, Θέμιστι δὲ καλλιπαρῄῳ","translation":"She let the others be, but from fair-cheeked Themis","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l87.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλους","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἔασε","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔασε","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"Θέμιστι","lemma":"Θέμις","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δέκτο","gloss":"from Themis"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καλλιπαρῄῳ","lemma":"καλλιπάρηος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Θέμιστι","gloss":"fair-cheeked"}]},{"number":88,"label":"88","id":"b15-l88","source":"δέκτο δέπας· πρώτη γὰρ ἐναντίη ἦλθε θέουσα,","translation":"she took a cup, for Themis first came running to meet her,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l88.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δέκτο","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she took"},{"surface":"δέπας","lemma":"δέπας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δέκτο","gloss":"cup"},{"surface":"πρώτη","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐναντίη","lemma":"ἐναντίος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"to meet her"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"θέουσα","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"running"}]},{"number":89,"label":"89","id":"b15-l89","source":"καί μιν φωνήσασʼ ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"and speaking to her, she addressed her with winged words:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l89.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"καί μιν φωνήσασʼ ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα","title":"Winged words to Hera","body":"This full Greek line also appears at 15.35, but μιν does not mark the recipient's gender. There Hera addresses Zeus as him; here Themis addresses Hera as her, while the inherited winged-words formula remains otherwise unchanged."}],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"φωνήσασ","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":90,"label":"90","id":"b15-l90","source":"Ἥρη τίπτε βέβηκας; ἀτυζομένῃ δὲ ἔοικας·","translation":"\"Hera, why have you come? You look distraught.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l90.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Hera"},{"surface":"τίπτε","lemma":"τίπτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βέβηκας","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"βέβηκας","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have you come"},{"surface":"ἀτυζομένῃ","lemma":"ἀτύζω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative singular feminine","role":"object of ἔοικας","gloss":"distraught"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔοικας","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you look"}]},{"number":91,"label":"91","id":"b15-l91","source":"ἦ μάλα δή σʼ ἐφόβησε Κρόνου πάϊς, ὅς τοι ἀκοίτης.","translation":"Surely the son of Cronos, your husband, has frightened you.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l91.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐφόβησε","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἐφόβησε","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἐφόβησε","lemma":"φοβέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has frightened"},{"surface":"Κρόνου","lemma":"Κρόνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"of Cronos"},{"surface":"πάϊς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐφόβησε","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"who is"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἀκοίτης","lemma":"ἀκοίτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"husband"}]},{"number":92,"label":"92","id":"b15-l92","source":"τὴν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη·","translation":"Then the goddess white-armed Hera answered her:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l92.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"λευκώλενος","lemma":"λευκώλενος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"white-armed"},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":93,"label":"93","id":"b15-l93","source":"μή με θεὰ Θέμι ταῦτα διείρεο· οἶσθα καὶ αὐτὴ","translation":"\"Goddess Themis, do not question me about these things; you yourself know","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l93.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"do not"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of διείρεο","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Θέμι","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"Θέμι","lemma":"θέμις","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Themis"},{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of διείρεο","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"διείρεο","lemma":"διείρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"question"},{"surface":"οἶσθα","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"αὐτὴ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yourself"}]},{"number":94,"label":"94","id":"b15-l94","source":"οἷος κείνου θυμὸς ὑπερφίαλος καὶ ἀπηνής.","translation":"what an overbearing and pitiless spirit he has.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l94.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἷος","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"what kind"},{"surface":"κείνου","lemma":"κεῖνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμὸς","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ὑπερφίαλος","lemma":"ὑπερφίαλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"overweening"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπηνής","lemma":"ἀπηνής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"pitiless"}]},{"number":95,"label":"95","id":"b15-l95","source":"ἀλλὰ σύ γʼ ἄρχε θεοῖσι δόμοις ἔνι δαιτὸς ἐΐσης·","translation":"But you, begin the fair-shared feast for the gods within the hall;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l95.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἄρχε","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄρχε","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"begin"},{"surface":"θεοῖσι","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἄρχε","gloss":"for the gods"},{"surface":"δόμοις","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔνι","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"ἔνι","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δαιτὸς","lemma":"δαίτης","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἄρχε","gloss":"feast"},{"surface":"ἐΐσης","lemma":"ἔισος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies δαιτὸς","gloss":"fair-shared"}]},{"number":96,"label":"96","id":"b15-l96","source":"ταῦτα δὲ καὶ μετὰ πᾶσιν ἀκούσεαι ἀθανάτοισιν","translation":"and along with all the immortals you shall hear these things,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l96.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀκούσεαι","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"πᾶσιν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀθανάτοισιν","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀκούσεαι","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you shall hear"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισιν","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"immortals"}]},{"number":97,"label":"97","id":"b15-l97","source":"οἷα Ζεὺς κακὰ ἔργα πιφαύσκεται· οὐδέ τί φημι","translation":"the evil works Zeus is revealing; nor do I think","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l97.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἷα","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πιφαύσκεται","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πιφαύσκεται","gloss":"deeds"},{"surface":"πιφαύσκεται","lemma":"πιφαύσκω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ταῦτα","gloss":"is revealing"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to κεχαρησέμεν","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"φημι","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I think"}]},{"number":98,"label":"98","id":"b15-l98","source":"πᾶσιν ὁμῶς θυμὸν κεχαρησέμεν, οὔτε βροτοῖσιν","translation":"every heart alike will rejoice, whether among mortals","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l98.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πᾶσιν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"ὁμῶς","lemma":"ὁμῶς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κεχαρησέμεν","gloss":"alike"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κεχαρησέμεν","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"κεχαρησέμεν","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"future perfect active infinitive","role":"object of φημι","gloss":"will rejoice"},{"surface":"βροτοῖσιν","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"to mortals"}]},{"number":99,"label":"99","id":"b15-l99","source":"οὔτε θεοῖς, εἴ πέρ τις ἔτι νῦν δαίνυται εὔφρων.","translation":"or gods, though someone even now may feast in gladness.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l99.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θεοῖς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"πέρ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δαίνυται","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δαίνυται","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δαίνυται","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δαίνυται","lemma":"δαίνυμι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"may feast"},{"surface":"εὔφρων","lemma":"εὔφρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"gladly"}]},{"number":100,"label":"100","id":"b15-l100","source":"ἣ μὲν ἄρʼ ὣς εἰποῦσα καθέζετο πότνια Ἥρη,","translation":"So speaking, queenly Hera sat down,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l100.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine article","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰποῦσα","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰποῦσα","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to καθέζετο","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"καθέζετο","lemma":"καθέζομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"πότνια","lemma":"πότνια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"queenly"},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καθέζετο","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":101,"label":"101","id":"b15-l101","source":"ὄχθησαν δʼ ἀνὰ δῶμα Διὸς θεοί· ἣ δʼ ἐγέλασσε","translation":"and the gods were troubled throughout Zeus's house; but she smiled","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l101.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄχθησαν","lemma":"ὀχθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"troubled"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"δῶμα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀνὰ","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δῶμα","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"θεοί","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ὄχθησαν","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐγέλασσε","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐγέλασσε","lemma":"γελάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"smiled"}]},{"number":102,"label":"102","id":"b15-l102","source":"χείλεσιν, οὐδὲ μέτωπον ἐπʼ ὀφρύσι κυανέῃσιν","translation":"with her lips, though her forehead above her dark brows did not","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l102.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"οὐδὲ μέτωπον ἐπʼ ὀφρύσι κυανέῃσιν","title":"A smile without gladness","body":"Hera's lips smile, but the forehead above her dark brows does not soften. Homer divides the expression across the face, making the smile a controlled and bitter one rather than a sign of joy."}],"words":[{"surface":"χείλεσιν","lemma":"χεῖλος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐγέλασσε","gloss":"with her lips"},{"surface":"μέτωπον","lemma":"μέτωπον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἰάνθη","gloss":"forehead"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ὀφρύσι","lemma":"ὀφρύς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἐπ̓","gloss":"brows"},{"surface":"κυανέῃσιν","lemma":"κυάνεος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὀφρύσι","gloss":"dark"}]},{"number":103,"label":"103","id":"b15-l103","source":"ἰάνθη· πᾶσιν δὲ νεμεσσηθεῖσα μετηύδα·","translation":"soften; indignant with them all, she spoke:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l103.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἰάνθη","lemma":"ἰαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"softened"},{"surface":"πᾶσιν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of μετηύδα","gloss":"with them all"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νεμεσσηθεῖσα","lemma":"νεμεσάω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to μετηύδα","gloss":"indignant"},{"surface":"μετηύδα","lemma":"μεταυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":104,"label":"104","id":"b15-l104","source":"νήπιοι οἳ Ζηνὶ μενεαίνομεν ἀφρονέοντες·","translation":"\"Fools are we, who rage against Zeus in our folly!","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l104.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νήπιοι","lemma":"νήπιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"fools"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μενεαίνομεν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"Ζηνὶ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μενεαίνομεν","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"μενεαίνομεν","lemma":"μενεαίνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"subject","gloss":"we rage"},{"surface":"ἀφρονέοντες","lemma":"ἀφρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to μενεαίνομεν","gloss":"in our folly"}]},{"number":105,"label":"105","id":"b15-l105","source":"ἦ ἔτι μιν μέμαμεν καταπαυσέμεν ἆσσον ἰόντες","translation":"Do we still mean to draw near and try to stop him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l105.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μέμαμεν","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of καταπαυσέμεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μέμαμεν","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do we mean"},{"surface":"καταπαυσέμεν","lemma":"καταπαύω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of μέμαμεν","gloss":"to stop"},{"surface":"ἆσσον","lemma":"ἆσσον","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἰόντες","gloss":"closer"},{"surface":"ἰόντες","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to μέμαμεν","gloss":"advancing"}]},{"number":106,"label":"106","id":"b15-l106","source":"ἢ ἔπει ἠὲ βίῃ· ὃ δʼ ἀφήμενος οὐκ ἀλεγίζει","translation":"by word or force? But he sits apart and does not care","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l106.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἔπει","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἠὲ","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"βίῃ","lemma":"βία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἠὲ","gloss":"by force"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀφήμενος","lemma":"ἄφημαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"sitting apart"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἀλεγίζει","lemma":"ἀλεγίζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"does not care"}]},{"number":107,"label":"107","id":"b15-l107","source":"οὐδʼ ὄθεται· φησὶν γὰρ ἐν ἀθανάτοισι θεοῖσι","translation":"or heed us, for he says that among the immortal gods","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l107.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄθεται","lemma":"ὄθομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heed us"},{"surface":"φησὶν","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he says"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοῖσι","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"θεοῖσι","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"gods"}]},{"number":108,"label":"108","id":"b15-l108","source":"κάρτεΐ τε σθένεΐ τε διακριδὸν εἶναι ἄριστος.","translation":"he is far the best in strength and might.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l108.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κάρτεΐ","lemma":"κάρτος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"in strength"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σθένεΐ","lemma":"σθένος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"in might"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"διακριδὸν","lemma":"διακριδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἶναι","gloss":"by far"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of φησὶν","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"ἄριστος","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"best"}]},{"number":109,"label":"109","id":"b15-l109","source":"τὼ ἔχεθʼ ὅττί κεν ὔμμι κακὸν πέμπῃσιν ἑκάστῳ.","translation":"So endure whatever evil he may send to each one of you.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l109.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἔχεθʼ","title":"Endure it","body":"ἔχεθʼ is a second-person plural imperative: Hera tells the gods collectively to bear whatever Zeus sends. The following ὔμμι and ἑκάστῳ then distribute the threat to each god individually."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"ἔχεθ","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"endure"},{"surface":"ὅττί","lemma":"ὅστις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies κακὸν","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ὔμμι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of πέμπῃσιν","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of πέμπῃσιν","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"πέμπῃσιν","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἔχεθ̓","gloss":"he may send"},{"surface":"ἑκάστῳ","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":110,"label":"110","id":"b15-l110","source":"ἤδη γὰρ νῦν ἔλπομʼ Ἄρηΐ γε πῆμα τετύχθαι·","translation":"Already now I expect that woe has come to Ares,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l110.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πῆμα τετύχθαι","title":"Woe has come","body":"τετύχθαι is a perfect infinitive dependent on ἔλπομαι, presenting Ares's suffering as an event already brought about with a present result. Hera means the death of his son Ascalaphus."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔλπομ̓","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔλπομ̓","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἔλπομ","lemma":"ἔλπω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I expect"},{"surface":"Ἄρηΐ","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to τετύχθαι","gloss":"Ares"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πῆμα","lemma":"πῆμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of τετύχθαι","gloss":"bane"},{"surface":"τετύχθαι","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἔλπομ̓","gloss":"has come"}]},{"number":111,"label":"111","id":"b15-l111","source":"υἱὸς γάρ οἱ ὄλωλε μάχῃ ἔνι φίλτατος ἀνδρῶν","translation":"for his son has perished in battle, dearest to him of men,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l111.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀσκάλαφος","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ὄλωλε","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is lost"},{"surface":"μάχῃ","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔνι","gloss":"in battle"},{"surface":"ἔνι","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φίλτατος","lemma":"φίλτατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀσκάλαφος","gloss":"dearest"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies φίλτατος","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":112,"label":"112","id":"b15-l112","source":"Ἀσκάλαφος, τόν φησιν ὃν ἔμμεναι ὄβριμος Ἄρης.","translation":"Ascalaphus, whom mighty Ares claims as his own.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l112.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀσκάλαφος","lemma":"Ἀσκάλαφος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὄλωλε","gloss":"Ascalaphus"},{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔμμεναι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"φησιν","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἀσκάλαφος","gloss":"he claims"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of φησιν","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"ὄβριμος","lemma":"ὄβριμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρης","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"Ἄρης","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of φησιν","gloss":"Ares"}]},{"number":113,"label":"113","id":"b15-l113","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, αὐτὰρ Ἄρης θαλερὼ πεπλήγετο μηρὼ","translation":"So she spoke; but Ares struck both sturdy thighs","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l113.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she spoke"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἄρης","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πεπλήγετο","gloss":"Ares"},{"surface":"θαλερὼ","lemma":"θαλερός","morphology":"accusative dual masculine adjective","role":"modifies μηρὼ","gloss":"vigorous"},{"surface":"πεπλήγετο","lemma":"πλήσσω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"μηρὼ","lemma":"μηρός","morphology":"accusative dual masculine noun","role":"object of πεπλήγετο","gloss":"thighs"}]},{"number":114,"label":"114","id":"b15-l114","source":"χερσὶ καταπρηνέσσʼ, ὀλοφυρόμενος δʼ ἔπος ηὔδα·","translation":"with hands outstretched, and lamenting he spoke:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l114.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"χερσὶ καταπρηνέσσʼ, ὀλοφυρόμενος δʼ ἔπος ηὔδα","title":"A gesture of lament","body":"Ares strikes his thighs with his hands turned down and breaks into lament. The whole Greek line recurs at 15.398, where its English wording must remain the same."}],"words":[{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to πεπλήγετο","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"καταπρηνέσσ","lemma":"καταπρηνής","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χερσὶ","gloss":"outstretched"},{"surface":"ὀλοφυρόμενος","lemma":"ὀλοφύρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"lamenting"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"a word"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":115,"label":"115","id":"b15-l115","source":"μὴ νῦν μοι νεμεσήσετʼ Ὀλύμπια δώματʼ ἔχοντες","translation":"\"Do not now be angry with me, you who hold homes on Olympus,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l115.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to νεμεσήσετ̓","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of νεμεσήσετ̓","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"νεμεσήσετ","lemma":"νεμεσάω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"be angry"},{"surface":"Ὀλύμπια","lemma":"Ὀλύμπιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δώματ̓","gloss":"of Olympus"},{"surface":"δώματ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχοντες","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"ἔχοντες","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, vocative plural masculine","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"holding"}]},{"number":116,"label":"116","id":"b15-l116","source":"τίσασθαι φόνον υἷος ἰόντʼ ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν,","translation":"if I go to the Achaeans' ships to avenge my son's murder,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l116.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τίσασθαι","lemma":"τίνω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of νεμεσήσετ̓","gloss":"to avenge"},{"surface":"φόνον","lemma":"φόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τίσασθαι","gloss":"the death"},{"surface":"υἷος","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies φόνον","gloss":"of my son"},{"surface":"ἰόντ","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τίσασθαι","gloss":"if I go"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":117,"label":"117","id":"b15-l117","source":"εἴ πέρ μοι καὶ μοῖρα Διὸς πληγέντι κεραυνῷ","translation":"even if it is my fate, struck by Zeus's thunderbolt,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l117.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"πέρ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"μοῖρα","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"fate"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κεραυνῷ","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"πληγέντι","lemma":"πλήσσω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"struck by"},{"surface":"κεραυνῷ","lemma":"κεραυνός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πληγέντι","gloss":"thunderbolt"}]},{"number":118,"label":"118","id":"b15-l118","source":"κεῖσθαι ὁμοῦ νεκύεσσι μεθʼ αἵματι καὶ κονίῃσιν.","translation":"to lie among the corpses, together amid blood and dust.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l118.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖσθαι","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"to lie"},{"surface":"ὁμοῦ","lemma":"ὁμοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"νεκύεσσι","lemma":"νέκυς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὁμοῦ","gloss":"among the corpses"},{"surface":"μεθ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"αἵματι","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"with blood"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κονίῃσιν","lemma":"κονία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"the dust"}]},{"number":119,"label":"119","id":"b15-l119","source":"ὣς φάτο, καί ῥʼ ἵππους κέλετο Δεῖμόν τε Φόβον τε","translation":"So he spoke, and ordered Terror and Rout to yoke the horses,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l119.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ζευγνύμεν","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"κέλετο","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ordered"},{"surface":"Δεῖμόν","lemma":"Δεῖμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Terror"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Φόβον","lemma":"Φόβος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Rout"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":120,"label":"120","id":"b15-l120","source":"ζευγνύμεν, αὐτὸς δʼ ἔντεʼ ἐδύσετο παμφανόωντα.","translation":"while he himself put on his all-shining armor.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l120.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ζευγνύμεν","lemma":"ζεύγνυμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of κέλετο","gloss":"to yoke"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔντε","lemma":"ἔντεα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐδύσετο","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἐδύσετο","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put on"},{"surface":"παμφανόωντα","lemma":"παμφανόων","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifies ἔντἐ","gloss":"all-shining"}]},{"number":121,"label":"121","id":"b15-l121","source":"ἔνθά κʼ ἔτι μείζων τε καὶ ἀργαλεώτερος ἄλλος","translation":"Then another anger and wrath, still greater and more grievous,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l121.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθά","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐτύχθη","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"μείζων","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"greater"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀργαλεώτερος","lemma":"ἀργαλέος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"more grievous"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"another"}]},{"number":122,"label":"122","id":"b15-l122","source":"πὰρ Διὸς ἀθανάτοισι χόλος καὶ μῆνις ἐτύχθη,","translation":"would have arisen from Zeus against the immortals,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l122.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of πὰρ","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐτύχθη","gloss":"immortals"},{"surface":"χόλος","lemma":"χόλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"anger"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μῆνις","lemma":"μῆνις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"wrath"},{"surface":"ἐτύχθη","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"arose"}]},{"number":123,"label":"123","id":"b15-l123","source":"εἰ μὴ Ἀθήνη πᾶσι περιδείσασα θεοῖσιν","translation":"had Athena not greatly feared for all the gods","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l123.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"Athena"},{"surface":"πᾶσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοῖσιν","gloss":"for all"},{"surface":"περιδείσασα","lemma":"περιδείδω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ὦρτο","gloss":"greatly fearing"},{"surface":"θεοῖσιν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of περιδείσασα","gloss":"gods"}]},{"number":124,"label":"124","id":"b15-l124","source":"ὦρτο διὲκ προθύρου, λίπε δὲ θρόνον ἔνθα θάασσε,","translation":"and sprung out through the doorway, leaving the throne where she sat.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l124.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦρτο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"sprang"},{"surface":"διὲκ","lemma":"διέκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"προθύρου","lemma":"πρόθυρον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of διὲκ","gloss":"the doorway"},{"surface":"λίπε","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θρόνον","lemma":"θρόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λίπε","gloss":"throne"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θάασσε","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"θάασσε","lemma":"θαάσσω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing θρόνον","gloss":"she sat"}]},{"number":125,"label":"125","id":"b15-l125","source":"τοῦ δʼ ἀπὸ μὲν κεφαλῆς κόρυθʼ εἵλετο καὶ σάκος ὤμων,","translation":"From his head she took the helmet, and the shield from his shoulders,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l125.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies κεφαλῆς","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κεφαλῆς","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"κόρυθ","lemma":"κόρυς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἵλετο","gloss":"the helmet"},{"surface":"εἵλετο","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σάκος","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"ὤμων","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"shoulders"}]},{"number":126,"label":"126","id":"b15-l126","source":"ἔγχος δʼ ἔστησε στιβαρῆς ἀπὸ χειρὸς ἑλοῦσα","translation":"and took the spear from his strong hand and set it down,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l126.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔστησε","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔστησε","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"she set down"},{"surface":"στιβαρῆς","lemma":"στιβαρός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χειρὸς","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"χειρὸς","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"his hand"},{"surface":"ἑλοῦσα","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἔστησε","gloss":"taking"}]},{"number":127,"label":"127","id":"b15-l127","source":"χάλκεον· ἣ δʼ ἐπέεσσι καθάπτετο θοῦρον Ἄρηα·","translation":"the bronze weapon; then with words she rebuked furious Ares:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l127.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χάλκεον","lemma":"χάλκεος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of καθάπτετο","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσι","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καθάπτετο","gloss":"with words"},{"surface":"καθάπτετο","lemma":"καθάπτω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rebuked"},{"surface":"θοῦρον","lemma":"θοῦρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρηα","gloss":"furious"},{"surface":"Ἄρηα","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καθάπτετο","gloss":"Ares"}]},{"number":128,"label":"128","id":"b15-l128","source":"μαινόμενε φρένας ἠλὲ διέφθορας· ἦ νύ τοι αὔτως","translation":"\"Madman, witless in mind, you are ruined! Surely in vain","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l128.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"μαινόμενε φρένας ἠλὲ","title":"A participle used as an address","body":"μαινόμενε is a present middle participle in the vocative, used directly as an insult: Athena calls Ares one who is raging or mad. The following vocative ἠλέ intensifies the rebuke by calling Ares witless, with φρένας specifying the respect: witless in mind."}],"words":[{"surface":"μαινόμενε","lemma":"μαίνομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, vocative singular masculine","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"madman"},{"surface":"φρένας","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἠλὲ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἠλὲ","lemma":"ἠλεός","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μαινόμενε","gloss":"witless"},{"surface":"διέφθορας","lemma":"διαφθείρω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you are ruined"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐστί","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"αὔτως","lemma":"αὔτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐστί","gloss":"in vain"}]},{"number":129,"label":"129","id":"b15-l129","source":"οὔατʼ ἀκουέμεν ἐστί, νόος δʼ ἀπόλωλε καὶ αἰδώς.","translation":"you have ears to hear; your mind and shame are lost.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l129.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔατ","lemma":"οὖς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐστί","gloss":"ears"},{"surface":"ἀκουέμεν","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"modifies οὔατ̓","gloss":"to hear"},{"surface":"ἐστί","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there are"},{"surface":"νόος","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπόλωλε","lemma":"ἀπόλλυμι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is lost"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰδώς","lemma":"αἰδώς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"shame"}]},{"number":130,"label":"130","id":"b15-l130","source":"οὐκ ἀΐεις ἅ τέ φησι θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη","translation":"Do you not hear what the goddess white-armed Hera says,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l130.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἀΐεις","lemma":"ἀίω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do you hear"},{"surface":"ἅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of φησι","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φησι","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἀΐεις","gloss":"says"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"λευκώλενος","lemma":"λευκώλενος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"white-armed"},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of φησι","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":131,"label":"131","id":"b15-l131","source":"ἣ δὴ νῦν πὰρ Ζηνὸς Ὀλυμπίου εἰλήλουθεν;","translation":"who has now come straight from Olympian Zeus?","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l131.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of εἰλήλουθεν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰλήλουθεν","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Ζηνὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of πὰρ","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"Ὀλυμπίου","lemma":"Ὀλύμπιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ζηνὸς","gloss":"of Olympus"},{"surface":"εἰλήλουθεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἥρη","gloss":"came"}]},{"number":132,"label":"132","id":"b15-l132","source":"ἦ ἐθέλεις αὐτὸς μὲν ἀναπλήσας κακὰ πολλὰ","translation":"Or do you wish, after suffering many evils yourself,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l132.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"ἐθέλεις","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do you wish"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀναπλήσας","lemma":"ἀναπίμπλημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἴμεν","gloss":"after suffering"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀναπλήσας","gloss":"evils"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κακὰ","gloss":"many"}]},{"number":133,"label":"133","id":"b15-l133","source":"ἂψ ἴμεν Οὔλυμπον δὲ καὶ ἀχνύμενός περ ἀνάγκῃ,","translation":"to return to Olympus under compulsion, grief-stricken though you are,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l133.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἴμεν","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ἴμεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of αὐτὰρ","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"Οὔλυμπον","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἴμεν","gloss":"Olympus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἀχνύμενός","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"present passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἴμεν","gloss":"grieving"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀνάγκῃ","lemma":"ἀνάγκη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἴμεν","gloss":"by force"}]},{"number":134,"label":"134","id":"b15-l134","source":"αὐτὰρ τοῖς ἄλλοισι κακὸν μέγα πᾶσι φυτεῦσαι;","translation":"and sow great evil for all the rest of us?","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l134.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοῖς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἄλλοισι","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἄλλοισι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of φυτεῦσαι","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of φυτεῦσαι","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κακὸν","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"πᾶσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄλλοισι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"φυτεῦσαι","lemma":"φυτεύω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of αὐτὰρ","gloss":"sow"}]},{"number":135,"label":"135","id":"b15-l135","source":"αὐτίκα γὰρ Τρῶας μὲν ὑπερθύμους καὶ Ἀχαιοὺς","translation":"For at once he will leave the high-hearted Trojans and Achaeans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l135.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λείψει","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Τρῶας","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὑπερθύμους","lemma":"ὑπέρθυμος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρῶας","gloss":"high-hearted"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὺς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":136,"label":"136","id":"b15-l136","source":"λείψει, ὃ δʼ ἡμέας εἶσι κυδοιμήσων ἐς Ὄλυμπον,","translation":"and come to throw us into turmoil on Olympus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l136.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λείψει","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will leave"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἶσι","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἡμέας","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of κυδοιμήσων","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"εἶσι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will come"},{"surface":"κυδοιμήσων","lemma":"κυδοιμέω","morphology":"future active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἶσι","gloss":"throw into turmoil"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ὄλυμπον","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Olympus"}]},{"number":137,"label":"137","id":"b15-l137","source":"μάρψει δʼ ἑξείης ὅς τʼ αἴτιος ὅς τε καὶ οὐκί.","translation":"and seize us one after another, guilty and guiltless alike.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l137.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μάρψει","lemma":"μάρπτω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will seize"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑξείης","lemma":"ἑξείης","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μάρψει","gloss":"one after another"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἴτιος","lemma":"αἴτιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"responsible"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"οὐκί","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"}]},{"number":138,"label":"138","id":"b15-l138","source":"τώ σʼ αὖ νῦν κέλομαι μεθέμεν χόλον υἷος ἑῆος·","translation":"Therefore now I command you to let go your anger for your son.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l138.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τώ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μεθέμεν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κέλομαι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"κέλομαι","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I command"},{"surface":"μεθέμεν","lemma":"μεθίημι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of κέλομαι","gloss":"let go"},{"surface":"χόλον","lemma":"χόλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μεθέμεν","gloss":"anger"},{"surface":"υἷος","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies χόλον","gloss":"of your son"},{"surface":"ἑῆος","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷος","gloss":"your own"}]},{"number":139,"label":"139","id":"b15-l139","source":"ἤδη γάρ τις τοῦ γε βίην καὶ χεῖρας ἀμείνων","translation":"Already someone better than he in might and strength of hand","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l139.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τοῦ γε βίην καὶ χεῖρας ἀμείνων","title":"Better than he","body":"The comparative ἀμείνων is followed by the genitive τοῦ, 'better than he.' Athena measures lost warriors by both βίη, bodily might, and χεῖρες, their strength in action."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πέφατ̓","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἢ","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀμείνων","gloss":"than he"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"βίην","lemma":"βία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"in strength"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἀμείνων","lemma":"ἀμείνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"better"}]},{"number":140,"label":"140","id":"b15-l140","source":"ἢ πέφατʼ, ἢ καὶ ἔπειτα πεφήσεται· ἀργαλέον δὲ","translation":"has been killed, or will be killed hereafter; and it is hard","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l140.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"πέφατ","lemma":"θείνω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"been killed"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πεφήσεται","gloss":"hereafter"},{"surface":"πεφήσεται","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"future perfect passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be killed"},{"surface":"ἀργαλέον","lemma":"ἀργαλέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"difficult"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":141,"label":"141","id":"b15-l141","source":"πάντων ἀνθρώπων ῥῦσθαι γενεήν τε τόκον τε.","translation":"to save the lineage and offspring of every man.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l141.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνθρώπων","gloss":"of all"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ῥῦσθαι","lemma":"ῥύομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"to save"},{"surface":"γενεήν","lemma":"γενεά","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"lineage"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τόκον","lemma":"τόκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"offspring"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":142,"label":"142","id":"b15-l142","source":"ὣς εἰποῦσʼ ἵδρυσε θρόνῳ ἔνι θοῦρον Ἄρηα.","translation":"So speaking, she seated furious Ares upon his throne.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l142.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰποῦσ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰποῦσ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἵδρυσε","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ἵδρυσε","lemma":"ἱδρύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she seated"},{"surface":"θρόνῳ","lemma":"θρόνος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔνι","gloss":"throne"},{"surface":"ἔνι","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θοῦρον","lemma":"θοῦρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρηα","gloss":"furious"},{"surface":"Ἄρηα","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἵδρυσε","gloss":"Ares"}]},{"number":143,"label":"143","id":"b15-l143","source":"Ἥρη δʼ Ἀπόλλωνα καλέσσατο δώματος ἐκτὸς","translation":"Then Hera called Apollo outside the house,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l143.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καί","gloss":"Hera"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλωνα","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of θ̓","gloss":"Apollo"},{"surface":"καλέσσατο","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"δώματος","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκτὸς","gloss":"of the house"},{"surface":"ἐκτὸς","lemma":"ἐκτός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"outside"}]},{"number":144,"label":"144","id":"b15-l144","source":"Ἶρίν θʼ, ἥ τε θεοῖσι μετάγγελος ἀθανάτοισι,","translation":"and Iris, who is messenger among the immortal gods,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l144.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἶρίν","lemma":"Ἶρις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of θ̓","gloss":"Iris"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεοῖσι","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"μετάγγελος","lemma":"μετάγγελος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"messenger"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοῖσι","gloss":"immortal"}]},{"number":145,"label":"145","id":"b15-l145","source":"καί σφεας φωνήσασʼ ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"and speaking, she addressed them with winged words:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l145.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφεας","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"φωνήσασ","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":146,"label":"146","id":"b15-l146","source":"Ζεὺς σφὼ εἰς Ἴδην κέλετʼ ἐλθέμεν ὅττι τάχιστα·","translation":"\"Zeus bids you two go to Ida as quickly as possible;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l146.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"σφὼ","title":"You two","body":"σφώ is the second-person dual pronoun, marking Apollo and Iris as exactly two addressees. The infinitive ἐλθέμεν depends on Zeus's command: both are to go to Ida together."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κέλετ̓","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"σφὼ","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"accusative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐλθέμεν","gloss":"you two"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ἴδην","lemma":"Ἴδη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"Ida"},{"surface":"κέλετ","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bids"},{"surface":"ἐλθέμεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of κέλετ̓","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"ὅττι","lemma":"ὅστις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as possible"},{"surface":"τάχιστα","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter superlative adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐλθέμεν","gloss":"quickly"}]},{"number":147,"label":"147","id":"b15-l147","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπὴν ἔλθητε, Διός τʼ εἰς ὦπα ἴδησθε,","translation":"and when you have come and looked upon the face of Zeus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l147.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπὴν","lemma":"ἐπήν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τ̓","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἔλθητε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd plural verb","role":"adverbial to τ̓","gloss":"you have come"},{"surface":"Διός","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὦπα","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ὦπα","lemma":"ὤψ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἴδησθε","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"ἴδησθε","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd plural verb","role":"adverbial to τ̓","gloss":"looked"}]},{"number":148,"label":"148","id":"b15-l148","source":"ἕρδειν ὅττί κε κεῖνος ἐποτρύνῃ καὶ ἀνώγῃ.","translation":"do whatever he may urge and command.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l148.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕρδειν","lemma":"ἔρδω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"ὅττί","lemma":"ὅστις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"whatever"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"κεῖνος","lemma":"κεῖνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ἐποτρύνῃ","lemma":"ἐποτρύνω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"may urge"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνώγῃ","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"command"}]},{"number":149,"label":"149","id":"b15-l149","source":"ἣ μὲν ἄρʼ ὣς εἰποῦσα πάλιν κίε πότνια Ἥρη,","translation":"So speaking, queenly Hera went back again","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l149.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine article","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰποῦσα","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰποῦσα","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"πάλιν","lemma":"πάλιν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of κίε","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"κίε","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"πότνια","lemma":"πότνια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"queenly"},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":150,"label":"150","id":"b15-l150","source":"ἕζετο δʼ εἰνὶ θρόνῳ· τὼ δʼ ἀΐξαντε πετέσθην.","translation":"and sat upon her throne; the two sprang up and flew.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l150.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τὼ δʼ ἀΐξαντε πετέσθην","title":"The two gods together","body":"The dual forms τὼ, ἀΐξαντε, and πετέσθην mark Iris and Apollo as a pair: the two spring up and fly from Olympus together."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἕζετο","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat down"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἰνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θρόνῳ","lemma":"θρόνος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to εἰνὶ","gloss":"throne"},{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πετέσθην","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀΐξαντε","lemma":"ἀίσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to πετέσθην","gloss":"darting"},{"surface":"πετέσθην","lemma":"πέτομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flew onward"}]},{"number":151,"label":"151","id":"b15-l151","source":"Ἴδην δʼ ἵκανον πολυπίδακα μητέρα θηρῶν,","translation":"They reached many-springed Ida, mother of wild beasts,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l151.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἴδην","lemma":"Ἴδη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἵκανον","gloss":"Ida"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵκανον","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"πολυπίδακα","lemma":"πολυπῖδαξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἴδην","gloss":"many-fountained"},{"surface":"μητέρα","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἴδην","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"θηρῶν","lemma":"θήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies μητέρα","gloss":"of wild beasts"}]},{"number":152,"label":"152","id":"b15-l152","source":"εὗρον δʼ εὐρύοπα Κρονίδην ἀνὰ Γαργάρῳ ἄκρῳ","translation":"and found the wide-thundering son of Cronos upon highest Gargaron,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l152.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"εὐρύοπα Κρονίδην","title":"The wide-thundering son of Cronos","body":"εὐρύοπα is Zeus's wide-voiced or wide-thundering epithet, evoking the reach of his thunder. Κρονίδην names him as the son of Cronos."}],"words":[{"surface":"εὗρον","lemma":"εὑρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὐρύοπα","lemma":"εὐρύοπα","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Κρονίδην","gloss":"wide-thundering"},{"surface":"Κρονίδην","lemma":"Κρονίδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εὗρον","gloss":"son of Cronos"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"Γαργάρῳ","lemma":"Γάργαρον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀνὰ","gloss":"Gargaron"},{"surface":"ἄκρῳ","lemma":"ἄκρος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies Γαργάρῳ","gloss":"high"}]},{"number":153,"label":"153","id":"b15-l153","source":"ἥμενον· ἀμφὶ δέ μιν θυόεν νέφος ἐστεφάνωτο.","translation":"seated; around him a fragrant cloud was wreathed.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l153.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥμενον","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"θυόεν","lemma":"θυόεις","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies νέφος","gloss":"fragrant"},{"surface":"νέφος","lemma":"νέφος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐστεφάνωτο","gloss":"cloud"},{"surface":"ἐστεφάνωτο","lemma":"στεφανόω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was wreathed"}]},{"number":154,"label":"154","id":"b15-l154","source":"τὼ δὲ πάροιθʼ ἐλθόντε Διὸς νεφεληγερέταο","translation":"The two came before Zeus the cloud-gatherer","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l154.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of στήτην","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πάροιθ","lemma":"πάροιθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in front"},{"surface":"ἐλθόντε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to στήτην","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πάροιθ̓","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"νεφεληγερέταο","lemma":"νεφεληγερέτα","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"cloud-gatherer"}]},{"number":155,"label":"155","id":"b15-l155","source":"στήτην· οὐδέ σφωϊν ἰδὼν ἐχολώσατο θυμῷ,","translation":"and stood; when he saw them, he was not angered in his heart,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l155.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στήτην","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"σφωϊν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative dual masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐχολώσατο","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐχολώσατο","gloss":"seeing"},{"surface":"ἐχολώσατο","lemma":"χολόω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was angered"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐχολώσατο","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":156,"label":"156","id":"b15-l156","source":"ὅττί οἱ ὦκʼ ἐπέεσσι φίλης ἀλόχοιο πιθέσθην.","translation":"because they had swiftly obeyed the words of his dear wife.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l156.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅττί","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πιθέσθην","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"ὦκ","lemma":"ὦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πιθέσθην","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσι","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πιθέσθην","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"φίλης","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλόχοιο","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἀλόχοιο","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἐπέεσσι","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"πιθέσθην","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"adverbial to ὅττί","gloss":"obeyed"}]},{"number":157,"label":"157","id":"b15-l157","source":"Ἶριν δὲ προτέρην ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"First he addressed Iris with winged words:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l157.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἶριν","lemma":"Ἶρις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"Iris"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"προτέρην","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":158,"label":"158","id":"b15-l158","source":"βάσκʼ ἴθι Ἶρι ταχεῖα, Ποσειδάωνι ἄνακτι","translation":"\"Go now, swift Iris, and tell lord Poseidon","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l158.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βάσκ","lemma":"βάσκω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"ἴθι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"Ἶρι","lemma":"Ἶρις","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Iris"},{"surface":"ταχεῖα","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"vocative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἶρι","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"Ποσειδάωνι","lemma":"Ποσειδεών","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀγγεῖλαι","gloss":"Poseidon"},{"surface":"ἄνακτι","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ποσειδάωνι","gloss":"lord"}]},{"number":159,"label":"159","id":"b15-l159","source":"πάντα τάδʼ ἀγγεῖλαι, μὴ δὲ ψευδάγγελος εἶναι.","translation":"all these things, and do not be a false messenger.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l159.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ψευδάγγελος","title":"A false messenger","body":"The compound joins ψευδής, “false,” with ἄγγελος, “messenger.” Zeus demands that Iris transmit every part of his order faithfully."}],"words":[{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τάδ̓","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"τάδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἀγγεῖλαι","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"ἀγγεῖλαι","lemma":"ἀγγέλλω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ψευδάγγελος","lemma":"ψευδάγγελος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"false messenger"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":160,"label":"160","id":"b15-l160","source":"παυσάμενόν μιν ἄνωχθι μάχης ἠδὲ πτολέμοιο","translation":"Command him to cease from battle and war","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l160.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παυσάμενόν","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔρχεσθαι","gloss":"to cease"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔρχεσθαι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἄνωχθι","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"perfect active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"command"},{"surface":"μάχης","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πτολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"the war"}]},{"number":161,"label":"161","id":"b15-l161","source":"ἔρχεσθαι μετὰ φῦλα θεῶν ἢ εἰς ἅλα δῖαν.","translation":"to go among the tribes of gods or into the shining sea.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l161.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔρχεσθαι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἄνωχθι","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"φῦλα","lemma":"φῦλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"tribes"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies φῦλα","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἅλα","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"δῖαν","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἅλα","gloss":"bright"}]},{"number":162,"label":"162","id":"b15-l162","source":"εἰ δέ μοι οὐκ ἐπέεσσʼ ἐπιπείσεται, ἀλλʼ ἀλογήσει,","translation":"But if he will not obey my words, but disregards them,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l162.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπιπείσεται","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσ","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπιπείσεται","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"ἐπιπείσεται","lemma":"ἐπιπείθομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἀλλ̓","gloss":"will obey"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀλογήσει","lemma":"ἀλογέω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἀλλ̓","gloss":"disregards them"}]},{"number":163,"label":"163","id":"b15-l163","source":"φραζέσθω δὴ ἔπειτα κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμὸν","translation":"then let him consider well in mind and spirit","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l163.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φραζέσθω","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let him consider"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φραζέσθω","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρένα","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"his heart"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":164,"label":"164","id":"b15-l164","source":"μή μʼ οὐδὲ κρατερός περ ἐὼν ἐπιόντα ταλάσσῃ","translation":"lest, strong though he is, he dare, when I come against him,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l164.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of μεῖναι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"κρατερός","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ταλάσσῃ","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"ἐπιόντα","lemma":"ἔπειμι","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"when I come"},{"surface":"ταλάσσῃ","lemma":"τλάω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μή","gloss":"dare"}]},{"number":165,"label":"165","id":"b15-l165","source":"μεῖναι, ἐπεί εὑ φημὶ βίῃ πολὺ φέρτερος εἶναι","translation":"to stand his ground, since I declare myself far stronger than he in might","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l165.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μεῖναι","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ταλάσσῃ","gloss":"to stand firm"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"εὑ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"than him"},{"surface":"φημὶ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"I declare"},{"surface":"βίῃ","lemma":"βία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to φέρτερος","gloss":"by force"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to φέρτερος","gloss":"by far"},{"surface":"φέρτερος","lemma":"φέρτατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"stronger"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of φημὶ","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":166,"label":"166","id":"b15-l166","source":"καὶ γενεῇ πρότερος· τοῦ δʼ οὐκ ὄθεται φίλον ἦτορ","translation":"and earlier born; yet his dear heart does not shrink","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l166.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γενεῇ","lemma":"γενεά","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to πρότερος","gloss":"by birth"},{"surface":"πρότερος","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"earlier"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἦτορ","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ὄθεται","lemma":"ὄθομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shrinks"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦτορ","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ὄθεται","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":167,"label":"167","id":"b15-l167","source":"ἶσον ἐμοὶ φάσθαι, τόν τε στυγέουσι καὶ ἄλλοι.","translation":"from claiming equality with me, whom all the others dread.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l167.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἶσον","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to φάσθαι","gloss":"equal"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἶσον","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"φάσθαι","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ὄθεται","gloss":"from claiming"},{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of στυγέουσι","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στυγέουσι","lemma":"στυγέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἐμοὶ","gloss":"dread"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of στυγέουσι","gloss":"others"}]},{"number":168,"label":"168","id":"b15-l168","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησε ποδήνεμος ὠκέα Ἶρις,","translation":"So he spoke, and wind-footed swift Iris did not disobey,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l168.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ἀπίθησε","lemma":"ἀπιθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did not disobey"},{"surface":"ποδήνεμος","lemma":"ποδήνεμος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἶρις","gloss":"wind-footed"},{"surface":"ὠκέα","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἶρις","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"Ἶρις","lemma":"Ἶρις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀπίθησε","gloss":"Iris"}]},{"number":169,"label":"169","id":"b15-l169","source":"βῆ δὲ κατʼ Ἰδαίων ὀρέων εἰς Ἴλιον ἱρήν.","translation":"but went down from the mountains of Ida to sacred Ilion.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l169.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Ἰδαίων","lemma":"Ἰδαῖος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὀρέων","gloss":"of Ida"},{"surface":"ὀρέων","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of κατ̓","gloss":"mountains"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"Ilion"},{"surface":"ἱρήν","lemma":"ἱρός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἴλιον","gloss":"sacred"}]},{"number":170,"label":"170","id":"b15-l170","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἂν ἐκ νεφέων πτῆται νιφὰς ἠὲ χάλαζα","translation":"As when from the clouds a flake of snow or hail flies,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l170.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ","title":"The simile opens","body":"The paired particles ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ open a formal comparison. The answering ὥς at line 172 transfers the snow's or hail's speed to Iris's flight."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πτῆται","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"νεφέων","lemma":"νέφος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"clouds"},{"surface":"πτῆται","lemma":"πέτομαι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὣς","gloss":"flies"},{"surface":"νιφὰς","lemma":"νιφάς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἠὲ","gloss":"a snowflake"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"χάλαζα","lemma":"χάλαζα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἠὲ","gloss":"hail"}]},{"number":171,"label":"171","id":"b15-l171","source":"ψυχρὴ ὑπὸ ῥιπῆς αἰθρηγενέος Βορέαο,","translation":"cold beneath the blast of sky-born Boreas,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l171.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"αἰθρηγενέος Βορέαο","title":"Sky-born Boreas","body":"Boreas is the North Wind. The epithet αἰθρηγενής calls him born from the clear upper air, whose blast drives the wintry shower."}],"words":[{"surface":"ψυχρὴ","lemma":"ψυχρός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χάλαζα","gloss":"cold"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"ῥιπῆς","lemma":"ῥιπή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὸ","gloss":"the blast"},{"surface":"αἰθρηγενέος","lemma":"αἰθρηγενής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Βορέαο","gloss":"sky-born"},{"surface":"Βορέαο","lemma":"Βορέας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ῥιπῆς","gloss":"Boreas"}]},{"number":172,"label":"172","id":"b15-l172","source":"ὣς κραιπνῶς μεμαυῖα διέπτατο ὠκέα Ἶρις,","translation":"so swiftly in her eagerness swift Iris flew,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l172.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διέπτατο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"κραιπνῶς","lemma":"κραιπνός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διέπτατο","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"μεμαυῖα","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to διέπτατο","gloss":"eager"},{"surface":"διέπτατο","lemma":"διαπέταμαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flew"},{"surface":"ὠκέα","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἶρις","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"Ἶρις","lemma":"Ἶρις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"Iris"}]},{"number":173,"label":"173","id":"b15-l173","source":"ἀγχοῦ δʼ ἱσταμένη προσέφη κλυτὸν ἐννοσίγαιον·","translation":"and standing close beside him, addressed the famed shaker of earth:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l173.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγχοῦ","lemma":"ἀγχοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἱσταμένη","gloss":"close beside him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱσταμένη","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"κλυτὸν","lemma":"κλυτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐννοσίγαιον","gloss":"famed"},{"surface":"ἐννοσίγαιον","lemma":"Ἐννοσίγαιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"Earth-shaker"}]},{"number":174,"label":"174","id":"b15-l174","source":"ἀγγελίην τινά τοι γαιήοχε κυανοχαῖτα","translation":"\"Earth-holder, dark-haired god, I have come here bearing","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l174.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"γαιήοχε κυανοχαῖτα","title":"Earth-holder, dark-haired god","body":"Iris addresses Poseidon with two titles. γαιήοχος marks his power over the earth, while κυανοχαίτης gives him dark, deep-colored hair."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγγελίην","lemma":"ἀγγελία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of φέρουσα","gloss":"a message"},{"surface":"τινά","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀγγελίην","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of φέρουσα","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"γαιήοχε","lemma":"γαιήοχος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κυανοχαῖτα","gloss":"earth-holder"},{"surface":"κυανοχαῖτα","lemma":"κυανοχαίτης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"dark-haired"}]},{"number":175,"label":"175","id":"b15-l175","source":"ἦλθον δεῦρο φέρουσα παραὶ Διὸς αἰγιόχοιο.","translation":"a message for you from aegis-bearing Zeus.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l175.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦλθον","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I have come"},{"surface":"δεῦρο","lemma":"δεῦρο","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἦλθον","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"φέρουσα","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθον","gloss":"carrying"},{"surface":"παραὶ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of παραὶ","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"αἰγιόχοιο","lemma":"αἰγίοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"who bears the aegis"}]},{"number":176,"label":"176","id":"b15-l176","source":"παυσάμενόν σʼ ἐκέλευσε μάχης ἠδὲ πτολέμοιο","translation":"He commanded you to cease from battle and war","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l176.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παυσάμενόν","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔρχεσθαι","gloss":"to cease"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔρχεσθαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἐκέλευσε","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ordered"},{"surface":"μάχης","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πτολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"the war"}]},{"number":177,"label":"177","id":"b15-l177","source":"ἔρχεσθαι μετὰ φῦλα θεῶν ἢ εἰς ἅλα δῖαν.","translation":"to go among the tribes of gods or into the shining sea.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l177.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔρχεσθαι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἐκέλευσε","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"φῦλα","lemma":"φῦλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"tribes"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies φῦλα","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἅλα","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"δῖαν","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἅλα","gloss":"bright"}]},{"number":178,"label":"178","id":"b15-l178","source":"εἰ δέ οἱ οὐκ ἐπέεσσʼ ἐπιπείσεαι, ἀλλʼ ἀλογήσεις,","translation":"But if you will not obey his words, but disregard them,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l178.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπιπείσεαι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσ","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπιπείσεαι","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"ἐπιπείσεαι","lemma":"ἐπιπείθομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἀλλ̓","gloss":"will obey"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀλογήσεις","lemma":"ἀλογέω","morphology":"future active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἀλλ̓","gloss":"disregard them"}]},{"number":179,"label":"179","id":"b15-l179","source":"ἠπείλει καὶ κεῖνος ἐναντίβιον πολεμίξων","translation":"he threatened that he himself, to fight you face to face,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l179.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠπείλει","lemma":"ἀπειλέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"threatened"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"κεῖνος","lemma":"κεῖνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἠπείλει","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ἐναντίβιον","lemma":"ἐναντίβιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to πολεμίξων","gloss":"face to face"},{"surface":"πολεμίξων","lemma":"πολεμίζω","morphology":"future active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐλεύσεσθαι","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":180,"label":"180","id":"b15-l180","source":"ἐνθάδʼ ἐλεύσεσθαι· σὲ δʼ ὑπεξαλέασθαι ἄνωγε","translation":"would come here; and he urges you to stay out of reach","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l180.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐνθάδ","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐλεύσεσθαι","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἐλεύσεσθαι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ἠπείλει","gloss":"would come"},{"surface":"σὲ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὑπεξαλέασθαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπεξαλέασθαι","lemma":"ὑπεξαλεύω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ἄνωγε","gloss":"stay out of reach"},{"surface":"ἄνωγε","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urges"}]},{"number":181,"label":"181","id":"b15-l181","source":"χεῖρας, ἐπεὶ σέο φησὶ βίῃ πολὺ φέρτερος εἶναι","translation":"of his hands, since he declares himself far stronger than you in might","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l181.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπεξαλέασθαι","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"σέο","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"than you"},{"surface":"φησὶ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"declares himself"},{"surface":"βίῃ","lemma":"βία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to φέρτερος","gloss":"by force"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to φέρτερος","gloss":"by far"},{"surface":"φέρτερος","lemma":"φέρτατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"stronger"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of φησὶ","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":182,"label":"182","id":"b15-l182","source":"καὶ γενεῇ πρότερος· σὸν δʼ οὐκ ὄθεται φίλον ἦτορ","translation":"and earlier born; yet your dear heart does not shrink","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l182.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γενεῇ","lemma":"γενεά","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to πρότερος","gloss":"by birth"},{"surface":"πρότερος","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"earlier born"},{"surface":"σὸν","lemma":"σός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦτορ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ὄθεται","lemma":"ὄθομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shrinks"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦτορ","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ὄθεται","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":183,"label":"183","id":"b15-l183","source":"ἶσόν οἱ φάσθαι, τόν τε στυγέουσι καὶ ἄλλοι.","translation":"from claiming equality with him, whom all the others dread.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l183.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἶσόν","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to φάσθαι","gloss":"equal"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἶσόν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"φάσθαι","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ὄθεται","gloss":"from claiming"},{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of στυγέουσι","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στυγέουσι","lemma":"στυγέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing οἱ","gloss":"dread"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of στυγέουσι","gloss":"others"}]},{"number":184,"label":"184","id":"b15-l184","source":"τὴν δὲ μέγʼ ὀχθήσας προσέφη κλυτὸς ἐννοσίγαιος·","translation":"Then, deeply angered, the famed shaker of earth addressed her:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l184.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέγ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ὀχθήσας","gloss":"deeply"},{"surface":"ὀχθήσας","lemma":"ὀχθέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"angered"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"κλυτὸς","lemma":"κλυτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐννοσίγαιος","gloss":"famed"},{"surface":"ἐννοσίγαιος","lemma":"Ἐννοσίγαιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"earth-shaker"}]},{"number":185,"label":"185","id":"b15-l185","source":"ὢ πόποι ἦ ῥʼ ἀγαθός περ ἐὼν ὑπέροπλον ἔειπεν","translation":"\"Ah, though he is noble, he has spoken arrogantly","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l185.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὢ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"πόποι","lemma":"πόποι","morphology":"interjection","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἀγαθός","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔειπεν","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"ὑπέροπλον","lemma":"ὑπέροπλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔειπεν","gloss":"arrogantly"},{"surface":"ἔειπεν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":186,"label":"186","id":"b15-l186","source":"εἴ μʼ ὁμότιμον ἐόντα βίῃ ἀέκοντα καθέξει.","translation":"if he will hold me back by force against my will, though I share his honor.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l186.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of καθέξει","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ὁμότιμον","lemma":"ὁμότιμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"equal in honor"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies μ̓","gloss":"though I am"},{"surface":"βίῃ","lemma":"βία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καθέξει","gloss":"by force"},{"surface":"ἀέκοντα","lemma":"ἀέκων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"against my will"},{"surface":"καθέξει","lemma":"κατέχω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"will hold back"}]},{"number":187,"label":"187","id":"b15-l187","source":"τρεῖς γάρ τʼ ἐκ Κρόνου εἰμὲν ἀδελφεοὶ οὓς τέκετο Ῥέα","translation":"For we are three brothers born from Cronos, whom Rhea bore:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l187.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τρεῖς","lemma":"τρεῖς","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ἀδελφεοὶ","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Κρόνου","lemma":"Κρόνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"Cronos"},{"surface":"εἰμὲν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we are"},{"surface":"ἀδελφεοὶ","lemma":"ἀδελφός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"brothers"},{"surface":"οὓς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of τέκετο","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"τέκετο","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀδελφεοὶ","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"Ῥέα","lemma":"Ῥέα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τέκετο","gloss":"Rhea"}]},{"number":188,"label":"188","id":"b15-l188","source":"Ζεὺς καὶ ἐγώ, τρίτατος δʼ Ἀΐδης ἐνέροισιν ἀνάσσων.","translation":"Zeus and I, and third Hades, lord of those below.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l188.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"τρίτατος","lemma":"τρίτατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"a third"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀΐδης","lemma":"ᾍδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"Hades"},{"surface":"ἐνέροισιν","lemma":"ἔνεροι","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνάσσων","gloss":"those below"},{"surface":"ἀνάσσων","lemma":"ἀνάσσω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies Ἀΐδης","gloss":"ruling"}]},{"number":189,"label":"189","id":"b15-l189","source":"τριχθὰ δὲ πάντα δέδασται, ἕκαστος δʼ ἔμμορε τιμῆς·","translation":"All things were divided three ways, and each received his share of honor.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l189.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τριχθὰ","lemma":"τριχθά","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δέδασται","gloss":"in three divisions"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of δέδασται","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"δέδασται","lemma":"δατέομαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were divided"},{"surface":"ἕκαστος","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἔμμορε","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔμμορε","lemma":"μείρομαι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"received his share"},{"surface":"τιμῆς","lemma":"τιμή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔμμορε","gloss":"of honor"}]},{"number":190,"label":"190","id":"b15-l190","source":"ἤτοι ἐγὼν ἔλαχον πολιὴν ἅλα ναιέμεν αἰεὶ","translation":"I received the gray sea as my home forever,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l190.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔλαχον","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἔλαχον","lemma":"λαγχάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"received"},{"surface":"πολιὴν","lemma":"πολιός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἅλα","gloss":"gray"},{"surface":"ἅλα","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔλαχον","gloss":"the sea"},{"surface":"ναιέμεν","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἔλαχον","gloss":"as my home"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ναιέμεν","gloss":"always"}]},{"number":191,"label":"191","id":"b15-l191","source":"παλλομένων, Ἀΐδης δʼ ἔλαχε ζόφον ἠερόεντα,","translation":"when the lots were shaken; Hades received the misty darkness,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l191.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παλλομένων","lemma":"πάλλω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"lots being shaken"},{"surface":"Ἀΐδης","lemma":"ᾍδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔλαχε","gloss":"Hades"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔλαχε","lemma":"λαγχάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"received"},{"surface":"ζόφον","lemma":"ζόφος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔλαχε","gloss":"darkness"},{"surface":"ἠερόεντα","lemma":"ἠερόεις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ζόφον","gloss":"misty"}]},{"number":192,"label":"192","id":"b15-l192","source":"Ζεὺς δʼ ἔλαχʼ οὐρανὸν εὐρὺν ἐν αἰθέρι καὶ νεφέλῃσι·","translation":"and Zeus received the broad heaven amid bright air and clouds;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l192.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔλαχ̓","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔλαχ","lemma":"λαγχάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"received"},{"surface":"οὐρανὸν","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔλαχ̓","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"εὐρὺν","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οὐρανὸν","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"αἰθέρι","lemma":"αἰθήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"bright air"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νεφέλῃσι","lemma":"νεφέλη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"the clouds"}]},{"number":193,"label":"193","id":"b15-l193","source":"γαῖα δʼ ἔτι ξυνὴ πάντων καὶ μακρὸς Ὄλυμπος.","translation":"but earth is still common to us all, and high Olympus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l193.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γαῖα","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"ξυνὴ","lemma":"ξυνός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"common to us"},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ξυνὴ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μακρὸς","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὄλυμπος","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"Ὄλυμπος","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Olympus"}]},{"number":194,"label":"194","id":"b15-l194","source":"τώ ῥα καὶ οὔ τι Διὸς βέομαι φρεσίν, ἀλλὰ ἕκηλος","translation":"Therefore I will not live at all by Zeus's designs; but at his ease,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l194.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τώ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to βέομαι","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies φρεσίν","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"βέομαι","lemma":"βέομαι","morphology":"future medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will live"},{"surface":"φρεσίν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to βέομαι","gloss":"by the designs"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἕκηλος","lemma":"ἕκηλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"at his ease"}]},{"number":195,"label":"195","id":"b15-l195","source":"καὶ κρατερός περ ἐὼν μενέτω τριτάτῃ ἐνὶ μοίρῃ.","translation":"and strong though he is, let him remain within his third portion.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l195.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"κρατερός","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μενέτω","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"μενέτω","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let him remain"},{"surface":"τριτάτῃ","lemma":"τρίτατος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μοίρῃ","gloss":"his third"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μοίρῃ","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"portion"}]},{"number":196,"label":"196","id":"b15-l196","source":"χερσὶ δὲ μή τί με πάγχυ κακὸν ὣς δειδισσέσθω·","translation":"And let him not try to frighten me with his hands as though I were a coward;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l196.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to δειδισσέσθω","gloss":"with his hands"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"do not"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to δειδισσέσθω","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δειδισσέσθω","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"πάγχυ","lemma":"πάγχυ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δειδισσέσθω","gloss":"wholly"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a coward"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as though"},{"surface":"δειδισσέσθω","lemma":"δειδίσσομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let him frighten"}]},{"number":197,"label":"197","id":"b15-l197","source":"θυγατέρεσσιν γάρ τε καὶ υἱάσι βέλτερον εἴη","translation":"it would be better for him to assail his daughters and sons","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l197.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θυγατέρεσσιν","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"daughters"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"υἱάσι","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"βέλτερον","lemma":"βέλτερος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"might be"}]},{"number":198,"label":"198","id":"b15-l198","source":"ἐκπάγλοις ἐπέεσσιν ἐνισσέμεν οὓς τέκεν αὐτός,","translation":"with terrible words, those whom he himself begot,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l198.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκπάγλοις","lemma":"ἔκπαγλος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἐπέεσσιν","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσιν","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνισσέμεν","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"ἐνισσέμεν","lemma":"ἐνίσσω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject of εἴη","gloss":"to assail"},{"surface":"οὓς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of τέκεν","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"τέκεν","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"begot"},{"surface":"αὐτός","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"}]},{"number":199,"label":"199","id":"b15-l199","source":"οἵ ἑθεν ὀτρύνοντος ἀκούσονται καὶ ἀνάγκῃ.","translation":"who will hear and obey when he urges them, even under compulsion.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l199.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀκούσονται","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ἑθεν","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀκούσονται","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ὀτρύνοντος","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"urging them"},{"surface":"ἀκούσονται","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"will heed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἀνάγκῃ","lemma":"ἀνάγκη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀκούσονται","gloss":"by force"}]},{"number":200,"label":"200","id":"b15-l200","source":"τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα ποδήνεμος ὠκέα Ἶρις·","translation":"Then wind-footed swift Iris answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l200.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ποδήνεμος","lemma":"ποδήνεμος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἶρις","gloss":"wind-footed"},{"surface":"ὠκέα","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἶρις","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"Ἶρις","lemma":"Ἶρις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"Iris"}]},{"number":201,"label":"201","id":"b15-l201","source":"οὕτω γὰρ δή τοι γαιήοχε κυανοχαῖτα","translation":"\"Is it really so, earth-holder, dark-haired god—","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l201.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὕτω","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φέρω","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γαιήοχε","lemma":"γαιήοχος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κυανοχαῖτα","gloss":"earth-holder"},{"surface":"κυανοχαῖτα","lemma":"κυανοχαίτης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"dark-haired"}]},{"number":202,"label":"202","id":"b15-l202","source":"τόνδε φέρω Διὶ μῦθον ἀπηνέα τε κρατερόν τε,","translation":"am I to carry this harsh and mighty word from you to Zeus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l202.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόνδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies μῦθον","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"φέρω","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall I carry"},{"surface":"Διὶ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φέρω","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φέρω","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ἀπηνέα","lemma":"ἀπηνής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"harsh"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κρατερόν","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":203,"label":"203","id":"b15-l203","source":"ἦ τι μεταστρέψεις; στρεπταὶ μέν τε φρένες ἐσθλῶν.","translation":"or will you turn? The hearts of noble men can turn.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l203.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"στρεπταὶ μέν τε φρένες ἐσθλῶν","title":"Noble hearts can turn","body":"Iris answers Poseidon's defiance with a compact maxim: the understanding of the noble is στρεπτός, capable of turning or changing course."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to μεταστρέψεις","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"μεταστρέψεις","lemma":"μεταστρέφω","morphology":"future active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will you turn"},{"surface":"στρεπταὶ","lemma":"στρεπτός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"changeable"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φρένες","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"hearts"},{"surface":"ἐσθλῶν","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies φρένες","gloss":"noble men"}]},{"number":204,"label":"204","id":"b15-l204","source":"οἶσθʼ ὡς πρεσβυτέροισιν Ἐρινύες αἰὲν ἕπονται.","translation":"You know how the Erinyes always attend upon the elder.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l204.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἶσθ","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕπονται","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"πρεσβυτέροισιν","lemma":"πρέσβυς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἕπονται","gloss":"elders"},{"surface":"Ἐρινύες","lemma":"Ἐρινύς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἕπονται","gloss":"Erinyes"},{"surface":"αἰὲν","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕπονται","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"ἕπονται","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of οἶσθ̓","gloss":"attend"}]},{"number":205,"label":"205","id":"b15-l205","source":"τὴν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε Ποσειδάων ἐνοσίχθων·","translation":"Then Poseidon the earth-shaker addressed her in turn:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l205.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσέειπε","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"Ποσειδάων","lemma":"Ποσειδεών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπε","gloss":"Poseidon"},{"surface":"ἐνοσίχθων","lemma":"Ἐνοσίχθων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ποσειδάων","gloss":"Earth-shaker"}]},{"number":206,"label":"206","id":"b15-l206","source":"Ἶρι θεὰ μάλα τοῦτο ἔπος κατὰ μοῖραν ἔειπες·","translation":"\"Goddess Iris, this word you have spoken is wholly fitting;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l206.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κατὰ μοῖραν","title":"Spoken as is fitting","body":"The idiom κατὰ μοῖραν means in due measure or as is fitting. Poseidon concedes that Iris has judged the proper course, though his resentment remains."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἶρι","lemma":"Ἶρις","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Iris"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἶρι","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔειπες","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"τοῦτο","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπος","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔειπες","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"according to"},{"surface":"μοῖραν","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"due measure"},{"surface":"ἔειπες","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you spoke"}]},{"number":207,"label":"207","id":"b15-l207","source":"ἐσθλὸν καὶ τὸ τέτυκται ὅτʼ ἄγγελος αἴσιμα εἰδῇ.","translation":"and it is a good thing when a messenger knows what is right.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l207.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐσθλὸν","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"τέτυκται","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is established"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰδῇ","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἄγγελος","lemma":"ἄγγελος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of εἰδῇ","gloss":"messenger"},{"surface":"αἴσιμα","lemma":"αἴσιμος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of εἰδῇ","gloss":"what is right"},{"surface":"εἰδῇ","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"subject","gloss":"knows"}]},{"number":208,"label":"208","id":"b15-l208","source":"ἀλλὰ τόδʼ αἰνὸν ἄχος κραδίην καὶ θυμὸν ἱκάνει","translation":"But this dread grief reaches my heart and spirit:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l208.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τόδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἄχος","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"αἰνὸν","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄχος","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"ἄχος","lemma":"ἄχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἱκάνει","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"κραδίην","lemma":"καρδία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἱκάνει","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reaches"}]},{"number":209,"label":"209","id":"b15-l209","source":"ὁππότʼ ἂν ἰσόμορον καὶ ὁμῇ πεπρωμένον αἴσῃ","translation":"whenever one has an equal portion and the same allotted fate,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l209.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἰσόμορον καὶ ὁμῇ πεπρωμένον αἴσῃ","title":"Equal in allotted portion","body":"ἰσόμορος and the perfect participle πεπρωμένον both speak the language of allotment. Poseidon claims that he and Zeus possess equal shares fixed by the same apportioning destiny."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὁππότ","lemma":"ὁπότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐθέλῃσι","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"ἰσόμορον","lemma":"ἰσόμορος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"equal in portion"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὁμῇ","lemma":"ὁμός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἴσῃ","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"πεπρωμένον","lemma":"πόρω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"allotted"},{"surface":"αἴσῃ","lemma":"Αἶσα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πεπρωμένον","gloss":"fate"}]},{"number":210,"label":"210","id":"b15-l210","source":"νεικείειν ἐθέλῃσι χολωτοῖσιν ἐπέεσσιν.","translation":"he wishes to rebuke that man with words that stir anger.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l210.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νεικείειν","lemma":"νεικέω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλῃσι","gloss":"to revile"},{"surface":"ἐθέλῃσι","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἱκάνει","gloss":"wishes"},{"surface":"χολωτοῖσιν","lemma":"χολωτός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἐπέεσσιν","gloss":"angry"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσιν","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to νεικείειν","gloss":"words"}]},{"number":211,"label":"211","id":"b15-l211","source":"ἀλλʼ ἤτοι νῦν μέν κε νεμεσσηθεὶς ὑποείξω·","translation":"Yet for now, indignant though I am, I will yield.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l211.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὑποείξω","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"νεμεσσηθεὶς","lemma":"νεμεσάω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὑποείξω","gloss":"though indignant"},{"surface":"ὑποείξω","lemma":"ὑπείκω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will yield"}]},{"number":212,"label":"212","id":"b15-l212","source":"ἄλλο δέ τοι ἐρέω, καὶ ἀπειλήσω τό γε θυμῷ·","translation":"But I will tell you another thing, and make this threat from my heart:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l212.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλο","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐρέω","gloss":"another thing"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἐρέω","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"ἐρέω","lemma":"ἐρῶ","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will tell"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπειλήσω","lemma":"ἀπειλέω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will threaten"},{"surface":"τό","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἀπειλήσω","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπειλήσω","gloss":"from my heart"}]},{"number":213,"label":"213","id":"b15-l213","source":"αἴ κεν ἄνευ ἐμέθεν καὶ Ἀθηναίης ἀγελείης","translation":"if, without my consent and Athena's, driver of spoil,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l213.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἄνευ","lemma":"ἄνευ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"apart from"},{"surface":"ἐμέθεν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίης","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"Athena's"},{"surface":"ἀγελείης","lemma":"ἀγελείη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθηναίης","gloss":"driver of spoil"}]},{"number":214,"label":"214","id":"b15-l214","source":"Ἥρης Ἑρμείω τε καὶ Ἡφαίστοιο ἄνακτος","translation":"and Hera's, Hermes', and lord Hephaestus',","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l214.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἥρης","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"Hera’s"},{"surface":"Ἑρμείω","lemma":"Ἑρμῆς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"Hermes"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἡφαίστοιο","lemma":"Ἥφαιστος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"of Hephaestus"},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἡφαίστοιο","gloss":"lord"}]},{"number":215,"label":"215","id":"b15-l215","source":"Ἰλίου αἰπεινῆς πεφιδήσεται, οὐδʼ ἐθελήσει","translation":"he spares steep Ilion and will not be willing","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l215.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἰλίου","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of πεφιδήσεται","gloss":"Ilion"},{"surface":"αἰπεινῆς","lemma":"αἰπεινός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἰλίου","gloss":"steep"},{"surface":"πεφιδήσεται","lemma":"φείδομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"will spare"},{"surface":"ἐθελήσει","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"will be willing"}]},{"number":216,"label":"216","id":"b15-l216","source":"ἐκπέρσαι, δοῦναι δὲ μέγα κράτος Ἀργείοισιν,","translation":"to sack it and give great victory to the Argives,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l216.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκπέρσαι","lemma":"ἐκπέρθω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"to sack"},{"surface":"δοῦναι","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"to give"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κράτος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"κράτος","lemma":"κράτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δοῦναι","gloss":"victory"},{"surface":"Ἀργείοισιν","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of δοῦναι","gloss":"the Argives"}]},{"number":217,"label":"217","id":"b15-l217","source":"ἴστω τοῦθʼ ὅτι νῶϊν ἀνήκεστος χόλος ἔσται.","translation":"let him know this: there will be wrath between us past all healing.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l217.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀνήκεστος χόλος","title":"Wrath past healing","body":"ἀνήκεστος means something that cannot be healed or repaired. Poseidon's final warning is not a passing quarrel but an irreconcilable breach between the brothers."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἴστω","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let him know"},{"surface":"τοῦθ","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ὅτι","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"νῶϊν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative dual masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔσται","gloss":"between us"},{"surface":"ἀνήκεστος","lemma":"ἀνήκεστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χόλος","gloss":"past healing"},{"surface":"χόλος","lemma":"χόλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔσται","gloss":"anger"},{"surface":"ἔσται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ὅτι","gloss":"will be"}]},{"number":218,"label":"218","id":"b15-l218","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν λίπε λαὸν Ἀχαιϊκὸν ἐννοσίγαιος,","translation":"So speaking, the Earth-shaker left the Achaean host,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l218.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to λίπε","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"λίπε","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"λαὸν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λίπε","gloss":"host"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιϊκὸν","lemma":"Ἀχαιικός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λαὸν","gloss":"Achaean"},{"surface":"ἐννοσίγαιος","lemma":"Ἐννοσίγαιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of λίπε","gloss":"Earth-shaker"}]},{"number":219,"label":"219","id":"b15-l219","source":"δῦνε δὲ πόντον ἰών, πόθεσαν δʼ ἥρωες Ἀχαιοί.","translation":"and plunged into the sea; the Achaean heroes longed for him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l219.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῦνε","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"plunged"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πόντον","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δῦνε","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"ἰών","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δῦνε","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"πόθεσαν","lemma":"ποθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"longed for"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἥρωες","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of πόθεσαν","gloss":"heroes"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἥρωες","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":220,"label":"220","id":"b15-l220","source":"καὶ τότʼ Ἀπόλλωνα προσέφη νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς·","translation":"Then cloud-gathering Zeus addressed Apollo:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l220.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ἀπόλλωνα προσέφη νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς","title":"Zeus addresses Apollo","body":"This whole speech-introduction line establishes a formula that recurs later in the poem. Its English is fixed here as the cross-book seed, while νεφεληγερέτα retains Zeus's cloud-gathering epithet."}],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"τότ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλωνα","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"Apollo"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"νεφεληγερέτα","lemma":"νεφεληγερέτα","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεύς","gloss":"cloud-gatherer"},{"surface":"Ζεύς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":221,"label":"221","id":"b15-l221","source":"ἔρχεο νῦν φίλε Φοῖβε μεθʼ Ἕκτορα χαλκοκορυστήν·","translation":"\"Go now, dear Phoebus, after bronze-helmed Hector.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l221.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔρχεο","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔρχεο","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"φίλε","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Φοῖβε","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"Φοῖβε","lemma":"Φοῖβος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Phoebus"},{"surface":"μεθ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορα","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μεθ̓","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"χαλκοκορυστήν","lemma":"χαλκοκορυστής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορα","gloss":"bronze-helmed"}]},{"number":222,"label":"222","id":"b15-l222","source":"ἤδη μὲν γάρ τοι γαιήοχος ἐννοσίγαιος","translation":"For now the earth-holding Earth-shaker","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l222.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οἴχεται","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γαιήοχος","lemma":"γαιήοχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐννοσίγαιος","gloss":"earth-holder"},{"surface":"ἐννοσίγαιος","lemma":"Ἐννοσίγαιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of οἴχεται","gloss":"Earth-shaker"}]},{"number":223,"label":"223","id":"b15-l223","source":"οἴχεται εἰς ἅλα δῖαν ἀλευάμενος χόλον αἰπὺν","translation":"has gone into the shining sea, avoiding our steep wrath;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l223.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴχεται","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has gone"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἅλα","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"the sea"},{"surface":"δῖαν","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἅλα","gloss":"bright"},{"surface":"ἀλευάμενος","lemma":"ἀλέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to οἴχεται","gloss":"avoiding"},{"surface":"χόλον","lemma":"χόλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀλευάμενος","gloss":"anger"},{"surface":"αἰπὺν","lemma":"αἰπύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χόλον","gloss":"steep"}]},{"number":224,"label":"224","id":"b15-l224","source":"ἡμέτερον· μάλα γάρ κε μάχης ἐπύθοντο καὶ ἄλλοι,","translation":"otherwise the other gods too would surely learn of the battle,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l224.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμέτερον","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χόλον","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"μάχης","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπύθοντο","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"ἐπύθοντο","lemma":"πυνθάνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would learn"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐπύθοντο","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":225,"label":"225","id":"b15-l225","source":"οἵ περ ἐνέρτεροί εἰσι θεοὶ Κρόνον ἀμφὶς ἐόντες.","translation":"those gods below who dwell around Cronos.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l225.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐνέρτεροί","lemma":"ἐνέρτερος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"the lower gods"},{"surface":"εἰσι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἄλλοι","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of εἰσι","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"Κρόνον","lemma":"Κρόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶς","gloss":"Cronos"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶς","lemma":"ἀμφίς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"all around"},{"surface":"ἐόντες","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to εἰσι","gloss":"dwelling"}]},{"number":226,"label":"226","id":"b15-l226","source":"ἀλλὰ τόδʼ ἠμὲν ἐμοὶ πολὺ κέρδιον ἠδέ οἱ αὐτῷ","translation":"But this proved far better both for me and for himself:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l226.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τόδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἠμὲν","lemma":"ἠμέν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἠδέ","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to κέρδιον","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"κέρδιον","lemma":"κερδίων","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"ἠδέ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἠδέ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"}]},{"number":227,"label":"227","id":"b15-l227","source":"ἔπλετο, ὅττι πάροιθε νεμεσσηθεὶς ὑπόειξε","translation":"that he felt shame and yielded beforehand","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l227.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔπλετο","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ὅττι","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"πάροιθε","lemma":"πάροιθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὑπόειξε","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"νεμεσσηθεὶς","lemma":"νεμεσάω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὑπόειξε","gloss":"feeling shame"},{"surface":"ὑπόειξε","lemma":"ὑπείκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"subject of ὅττι","gloss":"yielded"}]},{"number":228,"label":"228","id":"b15-l228","source":"χεῖρας ἐμάς, ἐπεὶ οὔ κεν ἀνιδρωτί γʼ ἐτελέσθη.","translation":"to my hands, since the matter would not have ended without sweat.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l228.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπόειξε","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἐμάς","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χεῖρας","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἀνιδρωτί","lemma":"ἀνιδρωτί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐτελέσθη","gloss":"without sweat"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐτελέσθη","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"would have ended"}]},{"number":229,"label":"229","id":"b15-l229","source":"ἀλλὰ σύ γʼ ἐν χείρεσσι λάβʼ αἰγίδα θυσσανόεσσαν,","translation":"But take in your hands the tasselled aegis,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l229.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of λάβ̓","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χείρεσσι","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"λάβ","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"take"},{"surface":"αἰγίδα","lemma":"αἰγίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of λάβ̓","gloss":"aegis"},{"surface":"θυσσανόεσσαν","lemma":"θυσανόεις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἰγίδα","gloss":"tasseled"}]},{"number":230,"label":"230","id":"b15-l230","source":"τῇ μάλʼ ἐπισσείων φοβέειν ἥρωας Ἀχαιούς·","translation":"and shake it fiercely to put the Achaean heroes to flight.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l230.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to φοβέειν","gloss":"with it"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπισσείων","gloss":"fiercely"},{"surface":"ἐπισσείων","lemma":"ἐπισείω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to φοβέειν","gloss":"shaking over them"},{"surface":"φοβέειν","lemma":"φοβέω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"modifies αἰγίδα","gloss":"to rout"},{"surface":"ἥρωας","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of φοβέειν","gloss":"heroes"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἥρωας","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":231,"label":"231","id":"b15-l231","source":"σοὶ δʼ αὐτῷ μελέτω ἑκατηβόλε φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ·","translation":"And let glorious Hector be your own care, far-shooting one;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l231.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of μελέτω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"μελέτω","lemma":"μέλω","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"be your care"},{"surface":"ἑκατηβόλε","lemma":"ἑκατηβόλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"far-shooting"},{"surface":"φαίδιμος","lemma":"φαίδιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μελέτω","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":232,"label":"232","id":"b15-l232","source":"τόφρα γὰρ οὖν οἱ ἔγειρε μένος μέγα, ὄφρʼ ἂν Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"rouse great might in him until the Achaeans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l232.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόφρα","lemma":"τόφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔγειρε","gloss":"until then"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔγειρε","gloss":"in him"},{"surface":"ἔγειρε","lemma":"ἐγείρω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rouse"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔγειρε","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἵκωνται","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":233,"label":"233","id":"b15-l233","source":"φεύγοντες νῆάς τε καὶ Ἑλλήσποντον ἵκωνται.","translation":"flee and reach their ships and the Hellespont.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l233.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φεύγοντες","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἵκωνται","gloss":"fleeing"},{"surface":"νῆάς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"their ships"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἑλλήσποντον","lemma":"Ἑλλήσποντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Hellespont"},{"surface":"ἵκωνται","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφῤ","gloss":"may reach"}]},{"number":234,"label":"234","id":"b15-l234","source":"κεῖθεν δʼ αὐτὸς ἐγὼ φράσομαι ἔργον τε ἔπος τε,","translation":"From there I myself shall devise both deed and word,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l234.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖθεν","lemma":"ἐκεῖθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φράσομαι","gloss":"from there"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φράσομαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"φράσομαι","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall devise"},{"surface":"ἔργον","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"deed"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":235,"label":"235","id":"b15-l235","source":"ὥς κε καὶ αὖτις Ἀχαιοὶ ἀναπνεύσωσι πόνοιο.","translation":"so that the Achaeans may breathe again from their toil.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l235.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀναπνεύσωσι","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀναπνεύσωσι","gloss":"the Achaeans"},{"surface":"ἀναπνεύσωσι","lemma":"ἀναπνέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὥς","gloss":"may breathe again"},{"surface":"πόνοιο","lemma":"πόνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀναπνεύσωσι","gloss":"toil"}]},{"number":236,"label":"236","id":"b15-l236","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἄρα πατρὸς ἀνηκούστησεν Ἀπόλλων,","translation":"So he spoke, and Apollo did not disobey his father.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l236.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"οὐδʼ ἄρα πατρὸς ἀνηκούστησεν Ἀπόλλων","title":"Apollo obeys his father","body":"The negative verb ἀνηκουστέω means to refuse to hear or obey. The whole Greek line recurs later and therefore keeps this exact cross-book formula wording."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνηκούστησεν","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἀνηκούστησεν","lemma":"ἀνηκουστέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did not disobey"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνηκούστησεν","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":237,"label":"237","id":"b15-l237","source":"βῆ δὲ κατʼ Ἰδαίων ὀρέων ἴρηκι ἐοικὼς","translation":"He went down from the mountains of Ida like a hawk,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l237.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἴρηκι ἐοικὼς","title":"Like a hawk","body":"The perfect participle ἐοικώς introduces Apollo's likeness to a hawk as he drops from Ida. The bird image makes divine descent sudden, keen, and predatory."}],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"Ἰδαίων","lemma":"Ἰδαῖος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὀρέων","gloss":"of Ida"},{"surface":"ὀρέων","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of κατ̓","gloss":"mountains"},{"surface":"ἴρηκι","lemma":"ἱέραξ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐοικὼς","gloss":"hawk"},{"surface":"ἐοικὼς","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"like"}]},{"number":238,"label":"238","id":"b15-l238","source":"ὠκέϊ φασσοφόνῳ, ὅς τʼ ὤκιστος πετεηνῶν.","translation":"the swift dove-killer, the fastest of flying creatures.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l238.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὠκέϊ","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἴρηκι","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"φασσοφόνῳ","lemma":"φασσοφόνος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἴρηκι","gloss":"dove-killing"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὤκιστος","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"swiftest"},{"surface":"πετεηνῶν","lemma":"πετεινός","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὤκιστος","gloss":"birds"}]},{"number":239,"label":"239","id":"b15-l239","source":"εὗρʼ υἱὸν Πριάμοιο δαΐφρονος Ἕκτορα δῖον","translation":"He found the son of wise Priam, godlike Hector,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l239.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὗρ","lemma":"εὑρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he found"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἕκτορα","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Πριάμοιο","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"of Priam"},{"surface":"δαΐφρονος","lemma":"δαίφρων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πριάμοιο","gloss":"wise"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορα","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εὗῤ","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δῖον","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορα","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":240,"label":"240","id":"b15-l240","source":"ἥμενον, οὐδʼ ἔτι κεῖτο, νέον δʼ ἐσαγείρετο θυμόν,","translation":"sitting, no longer lying down, newly gathering his spirit,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l240.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥμενον","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κεῖτο","gloss":"any longer"},{"surface":"κεῖτο","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was lying"},{"surface":"νέον","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐσαγείρετο","gloss":"just now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐσαγείρετο","lemma":"εἰσαγείρω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was gathering"},{"surface":"θυμόν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐσαγείρετο","gloss":"spirit"}]},{"number":241,"label":"241","id":"b15-l241","source":"ἀμφὶ ἓ γιγνώσκων ἑτάρους· ἀτὰρ ἆσθμα καὶ ἱδρὼς","translation":"and recognizing the comrades around him; his gasping and sweat","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l241.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"ἓ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"γιγνώσκων","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐσαγείρετο","gloss":"recognizing"},{"surface":"ἑτάρους","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of γιγνώσκων","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἆσθμα","lemma":"ἆσθμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"gasping"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱδρὼς","lemma":"ἱδρώς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"sweat"}]},{"number":242,"label":"242","id":"b15-l242","source":"παύετʼ, ἐπεί μιν ἔγειρε Διὸς νόος αἰγιόχοιο.","translation":"ceased, for the purpose of aegis-bearing Zeus had roused him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l242.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Διὸς νόος αἰγιόχοιο","title":"The purpose of aegis-bearing Zeus","body":"νόος is Zeus's mind, intent, or governing purpose, not Apollo's independent plan. αἰγίοχος names Zeus as bearer of the aegis, the same divine object he has just handed to Apollo."}],"words":[{"surface":"παύετ","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ceased"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔγειρε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἔγειρε","lemma":"ἐγείρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"had roused"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies νόος","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"νόος","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔγειρε","gloss":"purpose"},{"surface":"αἰγιόχοιο","lemma":"αἰγίοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"aegis-bearing"}]},{"number":243,"label":"243","id":"b15-l243","source":"ἀγχοῦ δʼ ἱστάμενος προσέφη ἑκάεργος Ἀπόλλων·","translation":"Standing close beside him, Apollo the far-worker spoke:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l243.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγχοῦ","lemma":"ἀγχοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἱστάμενος","gloss":"close by"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱστάμενος","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"ἑκάεργος","lemma":"Ἑκάεργος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"far-worker"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":244,"label":"244","id":"b15-l244","source":"Ἕκτορ υἱὲ Πριάμοιο, τί ἢ δὲ σὺ νόσφιν ἀπʼ ἄλλων","translation":"\"Hector, son of Priam, why do you sit apart from the others,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l244.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"υἱὲ","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἕκτορ","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Πριάμοιο","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὲ","gloss":"of Priam"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τίς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἧσ̓","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἧσ̓","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"νόσφιν","lemma":"νόσφι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπ̓","gloss":"apart"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to νόσφιν","gloss":"others"}]},{"number":245,"label":"245","id":"b15-l245","source":"ἧσʼ ὀλιγηπελέων; ἦ πού τί σε κῆδος ἱκάνει;","translation":"faint with weakness? Has some trouble come upon you?\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l245.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἧσ","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do you sit"},{"surface":"ὀλιγηπελέων","lemma":"ὀλιγηπελέων","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἧσ̓","gloss":"faint with weakness"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"πού","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies κῆδος","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἱκάνει","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"κῆδος","lemma":"κῆδος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἱκάνει","gloss":"trouble"},{"surface":"ἱκάνει","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reaches"}]},{"number":246,"label":"246","id":"b15-l246","source":"τὸν δʼ ὀλιγοδρανέων προσέφη κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ·","translation":"Then Hector of the flashing helm, weak and failing, answered:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l246.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀλιγοδρανέων","lemma":"ὀλιγοδρανέων","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"weak and failing"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"κορυθαίολος","lemma":"κορυθαίολος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"of the flashing helm"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":247,"label":"247","id":"b15-l247","source":"τίς δὲ σύ ἐσσι φέριστε θεῶν ὅς μʼ εἴρεαι ἄντην;","translation":"\"Who are you, best of the gods, who question me face to face?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l247.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τίς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐσσι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἐσσι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you are"},{"surface":"φέριστε","lemma":"φέριστος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴρεαι","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἴρεαι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"εἴρεαι","lemma":"ἔρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing σύ","gloss":"do you question"},{"surface":"ἄντην","lemma":"ἄντην","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴρεαι","gloss":"face to face"}]},{"number":248,"label":"248","id":"b15-l248","source":"οὐκ ἀΐεις ὅ με νηυσὶν ἔπι πρυμνῇσιν Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"Have you not heard that by the sterns of the Achaeans' ships,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l248.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἀΐεις","lemma":"ἀίω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have you not heard"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of βάλεν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔπι","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"πρυμνῇσιν","lemma":"πρυμνός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶν","gloss":"at the sterns"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies νηυσὶν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":249,"label":"249","id":"b15-l249","source":"οὓς ἑτάρους ὀλέκοντα βοὴν ἀγαθὸς βάλεν Αἴας","translation":"as I slew his comrades, Ajax, good at the war-cry, struck me","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l249.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὓς","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑτάρους","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἑτάρους","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὀλέκοντα","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"ὀλέκοντα","lemma":"ὀλέκω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as I slew"},{"surface":"βοὴν","lemma":"βοή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀγαθὸς","gloss":"at the war-cry"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὸς","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"βάλεν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"Ajax"}]},{"number":250,"label":"250","id":"b15-l250","source":"χερμαδίῳ πρὸς στῆθος, ἔπαυσε δὲ θούριδος ἀλκῆς;","translation":"in the chest with a stone and stopped my furious valor?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l250.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χερμαδίῳ","lemma":"χερμάδιον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to βάλεν","gloss":"with a stone"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"στῆθος","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"ἔπαυσε","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"stopped"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θούριδος","lemma":"θοῦρος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλκῆς","gloss":"furious"},{"surface":"ἀλκῆς","lemma":"ἀλκή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔπαυσε","gloss":"valor"}]},{"number":251,"label":"251","id":"b15-l251","source":"καὶ δὴ ἔγωγʼ ἐφάμην νέκυας καὶ δῶμʼ Ἀΐδαο","translation":"I thought indeed that I would reach the dead and the house of Hades","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l251.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔγωγ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐφάμην","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἐφάμην","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"νέκυας","lemma":"νέκυς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"the dead"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δῶμ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"Ἀΐδαο","lemma":"ᾍδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δῶμ̓","gloss":"Hades"}]},{"number":252,"label":"252","id":"b15-l252","source":"ἤματι τῷδʼ ἵξεσθαι, ἐπεὶ φίλον ἄϊον ἦτορ.","translation":"on that very day, when I felt my own heart failing.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l252.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤματι","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἵξεσθαι","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"τῷδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"dative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἤματι","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἵξεσθαι","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ἐφάμην","gloss":"I would reach"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄϊον","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦτορ","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἄϊον","lemma":"ἀίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵξεσθαι","gloss":"felt failing"},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἄϊον","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":253,"label":"253","id":"b15-l253","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπεν ἄναξ ἑκάεργος Ἀπόλλων·","translation":"Then lord Apollo the far-worker addressed him in turn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l253.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσέειπεν","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"προσέειπεν","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ἑκάεργος","lemma":"ʽἑκάεργος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"the far-worker"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπεν","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":254,"label":"254","id":"b15-l254","source":"θάρσει νῦν· τοῖόν τοι ἀοσσητῆρα Κρονίων","translation":"\"Take heart now; the son of Cronos has sent you such a helper","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l254.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θάρσει","lemma":"θαρσέω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"take heart"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θάρσει","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τοῖόν","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀοσσητῆρα","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ἀοσσητῆρα","lemma":"ἀοσσητήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"helper"},{"surface":"Κρονίων","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προέηκε","gloss":"the son of Cronos"}]},{"number":255,"label":"255","id":"b15-l255","source":"ἐξ Ἴδης προέηκε παρεστάμεναι καὶ ἀμύνειν","translation":"from Ida to stand beside you and defend you:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l255.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Ἴδης","lemma":"Ἴδη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"of Ida"},{"surface":"προέηκε","lemma":"προίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he sent forth"},{"surface":"παρεστάμεναι","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"perfect active infinitive","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"to stand beside you"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμύνειν","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"to defend"}]},{"number":256,"label":"256","id":"b15-l256","source":"Φοῖβον Ἀπόλλωνα χρυσάορον, ὅς σε πάρος περ","translation":"Phoebus Apollo of the golden sword, who even before","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l256.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Φοῖβον Ἀπόλλωνα χρυσάορον","title":"Apollo of the golden sword","body":"χρυσάορος names Apollo through a golden sword. The weapon epithet remains distinct from his silver bow and from the far-shooting and far-working titles used elsewhere."}],"words":[{"surface":"Φοῖβον","lemma":"Φοῖβος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλωνα","gloss":"Phoebus"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλωνα","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προέηκε","gloss":"Apollo"},{"surface":"χρυσάορον","lemma":"χρυσάορος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλωνα","gloss":"golden-sworded"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ῥύομ̓","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ῥύομ̓","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":257,"label":"257","id":"b15-l257","source":"ῥύομʼ, ὁμῶς αὐτόν τε καὶ αἰπεινὸν πτολίεθρον.","translation":"protected both you yourself and the steep citadel alike.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l257.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥύομ","lemma":"ῥύομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἀπόλλωνα","gloss":"protected"},{"surface":"ὁμῶς","lemma":"ὁμῶς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ῥύομ̓","gloss":"alike"},{"surface":"αὐτόν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"you yourself"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰπεινὸν","lemma":"αἰπεινός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πτολίεθρον","gloss":"steep"},{"surface":"πτολίεθρον","lemma":"πτολίεθρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"citadel"}]},{"number":258,"label":"258","id":"b15-l258","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε νῦν ἱππεῦσιν ἐπότρυνον πολέεσσι","translation":"Come now, urge the many horsemen","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l258.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπότρυνον","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἱππεῦσιν","lemma":"ἱππεύς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπότρυνον","gloss":"horsemen"},{"surface":"ἐπότρυνον","lemma":"ἐποτρύνω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urge on"},{"surface":"πολέεσσι","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἱππεῦσιν","gloss":"many"}]},{"number":259,"label":"259","id":"b15-l259","source":"νηυσὶν ἔπι γλαφυρῇσιν ἐλαυνέμεν ὠκέας ἵππους·","translation":"to drive their swift horses against the hollow ships.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l259.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔπι","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"γλαφυρῇσιν","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶν","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"ἐλαυνέμεν","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐπότρυνον","gloss":"to drive"},{"surface":"ὠκέας","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐλαυνέμεν","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":260,"label":"260","id":"b15-l260","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ προπάροιθε κιὼν ἵπποισι κέλευθον","translation":"I shall go before the horses and smooth","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l260.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"προπάροιθε","lemma":"προπάροιθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κιὼν","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"κιὼν","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"going before"},{"surface":"ἵπποισι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to λειανέω","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"κέλευθον","lemma":"κέλευθος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of λειανέω","gloss":"path"}]},{"number":261,"label":"261","id":"b15-l261","source":"πᾶσαν λειανέω, τρέψω δʼ ἥρωας Ἀχαιούς.","translation":"the whole road, and I shall turn the Achaean heroes.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l261.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πᾶσαν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κέλευθον","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"λειανέω","lemma":"λεαίνω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I shall smooth"},{"surface":"τρέψω","lemma":"τρέπω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I shall turn"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἥρωας","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τρέψω","gloss":"heroes"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἥρωας","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":262,"label":"262","id":"b15-l262","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν ἔμπνευσε μένος μέγα ποιμένι λαῶν.","translation":"So speaking, he breathed great might into the shepherd of the people.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l262.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔμπνευσε","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ἔμπνευσε","lemma":"ἐμπνέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"breathed"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔμπνευσε","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ποιμένι","lemma":"ποιμήν","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔμπνευσε","gloss":"shepherd"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ποιμένι","gloss":"of the people"}]},{"number":263,"label":"263","id":"b15-l263","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅτε τις στατὸς ἵππος ἀκοστήσας ἐπὶ φάτνῃ","translation":"As when a stabled horse, fed his fill at the manger,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l263.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"στατὸς ἵππος ἀκοστήσας ἐπὶ φάτνῃ","title":"A stalled horse fed at the manger","body":"στατός marks a horse kept standing in a stall, while ἀκοστήσας means that it has fed on grain at the manger. The stored energy of a well-fed animal drives the speed and exuberance of the simile."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θείῃ","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἵππος","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"στατὸς","lemma":"στατός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππος","gloss":"stabled"},{"surface":"ἵππος","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θείῃ","gloss":"horse"},{"surface":"ἀκοστήσας","lemma":"ἀκοστάω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to θείῃ","gloss":"fed his fill"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"φάτνῃ","lemma":"φάτνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"the manger"}]},{"number":264,"label":"264","id":"b15-l264","source":"δεσμὸν ἀπορρήξας θείῃ πεδίοιο κροαίνων","translation":"breaks his tether and runs exulting over the plain,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l264.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεσμὸν","lemma":"δεσμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπορρήξας","gloss":"his tether"},{"surface":"ἀπορρήξας","lemma":"ἀπορρήγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to θείῃ","gloss":"breaking free"},{"surface":"θείῃ","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"runs"},{"surface":"πεδίοιο","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of θείῃ","gloss":"across the plain"},{"surface":"κροαίνων","lemma":"κροαίνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to θείῃ","gloss":"exulting"}]},{"number":265,"label":"265","id":"b15-l265","source":"εἰωθὼς λούεσθαι ἐϋρρεῖος ποταμοῖο","translation":"accustomed to bathe in a fair-flowing river,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l265.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰωθὼς","lemma":"ἔθω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to θείῃ","gloss":"accustomed"},{"surface":"λούεσθαι","lemma":"λούω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of εἰωθὼς","gloss":"to bathe"},{"surface":"ἐϋρρεῖος","lemma":"ἐυρρεής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποταμοῖο","gloss":"fair-flowing"},{"surface":"ποταμοῖο","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to λούεσθαι","gloss":"river"}]},{"number":266,"label":"266","id":"b15-l266","source":"κυδιόων· ὑψοῦ δὲ κάρη ἔχει, ἀμφὶ δὲ χαῖται","translation":"glorying; he holds his head high, and his mane","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l266.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κυδιόων","lemma":"κυδιάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to θείῃ","gloss":"exulting"},{"surface":"ὑψοῦ","lemma":"ὑψοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχει","gloss":"high above"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κάρη","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχει","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"ἔχει","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"keeps"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χαῖται","lemma":"χαίτη","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀΐσσονται","gloss":"his mane"}]},{"number":267,"label":"267","id":"b15-l267","source":"ὤμοις ἀΐσσονται· ὃ δʼ ἀγλαΐηφι πεποιθὼς","translation":"streams about his shoulders; trusting in his splendor,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l267.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤμοις","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"his shoulders"},{"surface":"ἀΐσσονται","lemma":"ἀίσσω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"streams"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πεποιθὼς","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγλαΐηφι","lemma":"ἀγλαία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of πεποιθὼς","gloss":"in his splendor"},{"surface":"πεποιθὼς","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to φέρει","gloss":"trusting"}]},{"number":268,"label":"268","id":"b15-l268","source":"ῥίμφά ἑ γοῦνα φέρει μετά τʼ ἤθεα καὶ νομὸν ἵππων·","translation":"his knees bear him swiftly to the haunts and pasture of mares—","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l268.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἤθεα καὶ νομὸν ἵππων","title":"The haunts and pasture of mares","body":"ἤθεα are the familiar haunts or dwelling places of the herd, while νομός is its grazing ground. In this simile ἵππων refers to the mares toward whom the freed stallion races."}],"words":[{"surface":"ῥίμφά","lemma":"ῥίμφα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φέρει","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"ἑ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of φέρει","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"γοῦνα","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of φέρει","gloss":"knees"},{"surface":"φέρει","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bear"},{"surface":"μετά","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤθεα","lemma":"ἦθος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"the haunts"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νομὸν","lemma":"νομός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"pasture"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"mares"}]},{"number":269,"label":"269","id":"b15-l269","source":"ὣς Ἕκτωρ λαιψηρὰ πόδας καὶ γούνατʼ ἐνώμα","translation":"so Hector plied his swift feet and knees,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l269.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐνώμα","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐνώμα","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"λαιψηρὰ","lemma":"λαιψηρός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐνώμα","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"πόδας","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γούνατ","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"knees"},{"surface":"ἐνώμα","lemma":"νωμάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"plied"}]},{"number":270,"label":"270","id":"b15-l270","source":"ὀτρύνων ἱππῆας, ἐπεὶ θεοῦ ἔκλυεν αὐδήν.","translation":"urging on the horsemen, once he had heard the god's voice.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l270.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀτρύνων","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐνώμα","gloss":"urging"},{"surface":"ἱππῆας","lemma":"ἱππεύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὀτρύνων","gloss":"horsemen"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔκλυεν","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"θεοῦ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies αὐδήν","gloss":"of the god"},{"surface":"ἔκλυεν","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐνώμα","gloss":"had heard"},{"surface":"αὐδήν","lemma":"αὐδή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔκλυεν","gloss":"voice"}]},{"number":271,"label":"271","id":"b15-l271","source":"οἳ δʼ ὥς τʼ ἢ ἔλαφον κεραὸν ἢ ἄγριον αἶγα","translation":"As when upon a horned stag or a wild goat","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l271.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐσσεύαντο","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἔλαφον","lemma":"ἔλαφος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἢ","gloss":"stag"},{"surface":"κεραὸν","lemma":"κεραός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἔλαφον","gloss":"horned"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἄγριον","lemma":"ἄγριος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἶγα","gloss":"savage"},{"surface":"αἶγα","lemma":"αἴξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἢ","gloss":"goat"}]},{"number":272,"label":"272","id":"b15-l272","source":"ἐσσεύαντο κύνες τε καὶ ἀνέρες ἀγροιῶται·","translation":"dogs and country hunters rush,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l272.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐσσεύαντο","lemma":"σεύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"rush upon it"},{"surface":"κύνες","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνέρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἀγροιῶται","lemma":"ἀγροιώτης","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνέρες","gloss":"country hunters"}]},{"number":273,"label":"273","id":"b15-l273","source":"τὸν μέν τʼ ἠλίβατος πέτρη καὶ δάσκιος ὕλη","translation":"a sheer rock and shadowy wood save it,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l273.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἰρύσατ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠλίβατος","lemma":"ἠλίβατος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πέτρη","gloss":"sheer"},{"surface":"πέτρη","lemma":"πέτρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"rock"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δάσκιος","lemma":"δάσκιος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὕλη","gloss":"shadowy"},{"surface":"ὕλη","lemma":"ὕλη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"forest"}]},{"number":274,"label":"274","id":"b15-l274","source":"εἰρύσατʼ, οὐδʼ ἄρα τέ σφι κιχήμεναι αἴσιμον ἦεν·","translation":"and it is not fated that they should catch it;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l274.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"σφι κιχήμεναι αἴσιμον ἦεν","title":"It was not allotted to catch it","body":"The infinitive κιχήμεναι completes the impersonal phrase αἴσιμον ἦεν: catching the quarry was not the hunters' allotted outcome. The dative pronoun σφι marks the hunters for whom that result is barred."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἰρύσατ","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"save it"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφι","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἦεν","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"κιχήμεναι","lemma":"κιχάνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject of ἦεν","gloss":"to catch"},{"surface":"αἴσιμον","lemma":"αἴσιμος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"fated"},{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"}]},{"number":275,"label":"275","id":"b15-l275","source":"τῶν δέ θʼ ὑπὸ ἰαχῆς ἐφάνη λὶς ἠϋγένειος","translation":"then at their shouting a well-maned lion appears","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l275.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"λὶς ἠϋγένειος","title":"A well-maned lion","body":"The rare noun λίς means a lion, while ἠϋγένειος praises its full or noble mane. Apollo's intervention makes Hector appear like this greater predator, suddenly reversing the hunters' pursuit."}],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἰαχῆς","gloss":"of these"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ἰαχῆς","lemma":"ἰαχή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὸ","gloss":"their shouting"},{"surface":"ἐφάνη","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"appeared"},{"surface":"λὶς","lemma":"λίς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐφάνη","gloss":"lion"},{"surface":"ἠϋγένειος","lemma":"εὐγένειος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λὶς","gloss":"well-maned"}]},{"number":276,"label":"276","id":"b15-l276","source":"εἰς ὁδόν, αἶψα δὲ πάντας ἀπέτραπε καὶ μεμαῶτας·","translation":"in the road, and swiftly turns them all away, however eager.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l276.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ὁδόν","lemma":"ὁδός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to εἰς","gloss":"the road"},{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπέτραπε","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀπέτραπε","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀπέτραπε","lemma":"ἀποτρέπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"turns away"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"μεμαῶτας","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"eager"}]},{"number":277,"label":"277","id":"b15-l277","source":"ὣς Δαναοὶ εἷος μὲν ὁμιλαδὸν αἰὲν ἕποντο","translation":"So while the Danaans still followed always in a mass,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l277.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕποντο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"Δαναοὶ","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕποντο","gloss":"Danaans"},{"surface":"εἷος","lemma":"εἷος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕποντο","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὁμιλαδὸν","lemma":"ὁμιλαδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕποντο","gloss":"in a mass"},{"surface":"αἰὲν","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕποντο","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"ἕποντο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"}]},{"number":278,"label":"278","id":"b15-l278","source":"νύσσοντες ξίφεσίν τε καὶ ἔγχεσιν ἀμφιγύοισιν·","translation":"stabbing with swords and double-pointed spears","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l278.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νύσσοντες","lemma":"νύσσω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕποντο","gloss":"thrusting"},{"surface":"ξίφεσίν","lemma":"ξίφος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"with swords"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔγχεσιν","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"spears"},{"surface":"ἀμφιγύοισιν","lemma":"ἀμφίγυος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχεσιν","gloss":"double-pointed"}]},{"number":279,"label":"279","id":"b15-l279","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ ἴδον Ἕκτορʼ ἐποιχόμενον στίχας ἀνδρῶν","translation":"once they saw Hector striding through the ranks of men,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l279.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴδον","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἴδον","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"they saw"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἴδον","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"ἐποιχόμενον","lemma":"ἐποίχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"ranging"},{"surface":"στίχας","lemma":"στίξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐποιχόμενον","gloss":"ranks"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies στίχας","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":280,"label":"280","id":"b15-l280","source":"τάρβησαν, πᾶσιν δὲ παραὶ ποσὶ κάππεσε θυμός.","translation":"they were afraid, and every man's spirit fell beside his feet.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l280.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τάρβησαν","lemma":"ταρβέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were afraid"},{"surface":"πᾶσιν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to κάππεσε","gloss":"everyone"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παραὶ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"ποσὶ","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to παραὶ","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"κάππεσε","lemma":"καταπίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"θυμός","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κάππεσε","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":281,"label":"281","id":"b15-l281","source":"τοῖσι δʼ ἔπειτʼ ἀγόρευε Θόας Ἀνδραίμονος υἱός,","translation":"Then Thoas, son of Andraemon, addressed them,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l281.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀγόρευε","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγόρευε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀγόρευε","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"Θόας","lemma":"Θόας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀγόρευε","gloss":"Thoas"},{"surface":"Ἀνδραίμονος","lemma":"Ἀνδραίμων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"Andraemon"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Θόας","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":282,"label":"282","id":"b15-l282","source":"Αἰτωλῶν ὄχʼ ἄριστος ἐπιστάμενος μὲν ἄκοντι","translation":"far the best of the Aetolians, skilled with the javelin","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l282.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἐπιστάμενος μὲν ἄκοντι","title":"Skilled with the javelin","body":"The participle ἐπιστάμενος means ‘knowing how’ or ‘being skilled,’ while the dative ἄκοντι names the weapon in which Thoas is practiced. The description first establishes his prowess at a distance before turning to close combat."}],"words":[{"surface":"Αἰτωλῶν","lemma":"Αἰτωλός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄριστος","gloss":"of the Aetolians"},{"surface":"ὄχ","lemma":"ὄχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄριστος","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"ἄριστος","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Θόας","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"ἐπιστάμενος","lemma":"ἐπίσταμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies δ̓","gloss":"knowing how"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄκοντι","lemma":"ἄκων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπιστάμενος","gloss":"with the javelin"}]},{"number":283,"label":"283","id":"b15-l283","source":"ἐσθλὸς δʼ ἐν σταδίῃ· ἀγορῇ δέ ἑ παῦροι Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"and good in close combat; in council few Achaeans","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l283.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐν σταδίῃ","title":"Standing fight","body":"σταδίη is battle fought at close quarters, where a man stands his ground. Thoas is praised as both a javelin thrower and a fighter in the press."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐσθλὸς","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δ̓","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"σταδίῃ","lemma":"σταδίη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"close combat"},{"surface":"ἀγορῇ","lemma":"ἀγορά","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to νίκων","gloss":"in assembly"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of νίκων","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"παῦροι","lemma":"παῦρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of νίκων","gloss":"few"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies παῦροι","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":284,"label":"284","id":"b15-l284","source":"νίκων, ὁππότε κοῦροι ἐρίσσειαν περὶ μύθων·","translation":"surpassed him whenever young men contended over counsel;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l284.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νίκων","lemma":"νικάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"surpassed him"},{"surface":"ὁππότε","lemma":"ὁπότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐρίσσειαν","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"κοῦροι","lemma":"κοῦρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐρίσσειαν","gloss":"young men"},{"surface":"ἐρίσσειαν","lemma":"ἐρίζω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to νίκων","gloss":"contended"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"μύθων","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"over counsel"}]},{"number":285,"label":"285","id":"b15-l285","source":"ὅ σφιν ἐϋφρονέων ἀγορήσατο καὶ μετέειπεν·","translation":"with good will toward them, he addressed them and spoke:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l285.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"ἐϋφρονέων","lemma":"εὐφρονέων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"kindly"},{"surface":"ἀγορήσατο","lemma":"ἀγοράομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μετέειπεν","lemma":"μετεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":286,"label":"286","id":"b15-l286","source":"ὢ πόποι ἦ μέγα θαῦμα τόδʼ ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ὁρῶμαι,","translation":"Ah me, truly a great wonder this my eyes behold,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l286.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὢ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"πόποι","lemma":"πόποι","morphology":"interjection","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies θαῦμα","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"θαῦμα","lemma":"θαῦμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὁρῶμαι","gloss":"a wonder"},{"surface":"τόδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies θαῦμα","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμοῖσιν","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὁρῶμαι","gloss":"with my eyes"},{"surface":"ὁρῶμαι","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I behold"}]},{"number":287,"label":"287","id":"b15-l287","source":"οἷον δʼ αὖτʼ ἐξαῦτις ἀνέστη κῆρας ἀλύξας","translation":"how once again he has risen, escaping the fates of death—","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l287.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κῆρας ἀλύξας","title":"Escaping the death-spirits","body":"κῆρες are the deadly fates or spirits allotted to violent death, here plural. Thoas speaks as though Hector has escaped death itself after Ajax’s crushing blow."}],"words":[{"surface":"οἷον","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀνέστη","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνέστη","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"ἐξαῦτις","lemma":"ἐξαῦτις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνέστη","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἀνέστη","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose up"},{"surface":"κῆρας","lemma":"κήρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀλύξας","gloss":"fates"},{"surface":"ἀλύξας","lemma":"ἀλύσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀνέστη","gloss":"having escaped"}]},{"number":288,"label":"288","id":"b15-l288","source":"Ἕκτωρ· ἦ θήν μιν μάλα ἔλπετο θυμὸς ἑκάστου","translation":"Hector! Surely the heart of every man expected him","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l288.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνέστη","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"θήν","lemma":"θήν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of θανέειν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔλπετο","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ἔλπετο","lemma":"ἔλπω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"expected"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔλπετο","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἑκάστου","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμὸς","gloss":"every"}]},{"number":289,"label":"289","id":"b15-l289","source":"χερσὶν ὑπʼ Αἴαντος θανέειν Τελαμωνιάδαο.","translation":"to die beneath the hands of Telamonian Ajax.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l289.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπ̓","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"Αἴαντος","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies χερσὶν","gloss":"Ajax's"},{"surface":"θανέειν","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἔλπετο","gloss":"to die"},{"surface":"Τελαμωνιάδαο","lemma":"Τελαμωνιάδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Αἴαντος","gloss":"son of Telamon"}]},{"number":290,"label":"290","id":"b15-l290","source":"ἀλλά τις αὖτε θεῶν ἐρρύσατο καὶ ἐσάωσεν","translation":"But once again some god has drawn him away and saved","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l290.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"ἐρρύσατο","lemma":"ῥύομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rescued"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐσάωσεν","lemma":"σώζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"saved"}]},{"number":291,"label":"291","id":"b15-l291","source":"Ἕκτορʼ, ὃ δὴ πολλῶν Δαναῶν ὑπὸ γούνατʼ ἔλυσεν,","translation":"Hector, who has loosed the knees of many Danaans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l291.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔλυσεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πολλῶν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Δαναῶν","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"Δαναῶν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies γούνατ̓","gloss":"of the Danaans"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"γούνατ","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔλυσεν","gloss":"knees"},{"surface":"ἔλυσεν","lemma":"ἐλύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἕκτοῤ","gloss":"loosed"}]},{"number":292,"label":"292","id":"b15-l292","source":"ὡς καὶ νῦν ἔσσεσθαι ὀΐομαι· οὐ γὰρ ἄτερ γε","translation":"as I think he will now again; for not without","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l292.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀΐομαι","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσσεσθαι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἔσσεσθαι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ὀΐομαι","gloss":"he will be"},{"surface":"ὀΐομαι","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἔλυσεν","gloss":"I think"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἄτερ","lemma":"ἄτερ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":293,"label":"293","id":"b15-l293","source":"Ζηνὸς ἐριγδούπου πρόμος ἵσταται ὧδε μενοινῶν.","translation":"loud-thundering Zeus does he stand in the front, so eager for battle.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l293.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Ζηνὸς ἐριγδούπου","title":"Under loud-thundering Zeus","body":"The genitive Ζηνός depends on ἄτερ in the preceding line: Hector does not stand so boldly ‘without Zeus.’ ἐρίγδουπος is Zeus’s thunder epithet and makes divine backing audible in the midst of battle."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ζηνὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἄτερ","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"ἐριγδούπου","lemma":"ἐρίγδουπος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ζηνὸς","gloss":"loud-thundering"},{"surface":"πρόμος","lemma":"πρόμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"in the front"},{"surface":"ἵσταται","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stands"},{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μενοινῶν","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"μενοινῶν","lemma":"μενοινάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἵσταται","gloss":"eager"}]},{"number":294,"label":"294","id":"b15-l294","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγεθʼ ὡς ἂν ἐγὼν εἴπω πειθώμεθα πάντες.","translation":"Come, then, let all of us obey as I shall say:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l294.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγεθ","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come then"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴπω","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴπω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"εἴπω","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to πειθώμεθα","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"πειθώμεθα","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us obey"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of πειθώμεθα","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":295,"label":"295","id":"b15-l295","source":"πληθὺν μὲν ποτὶ νῆας ἀνώξομεν ἀπονέεσθαι·","translation":"let us order the mass of men to return toward the ships;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l295.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πληθὺν","lemma":"πληθύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀνώξομεν","gloss":"the throng"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ποτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ποτὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἀνώξομεν","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us order"},{"surface":"ἀπονέεσθαι","lemma":"ἀπονέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἀνώξομεν","gloss":"return home"}]},{"number":296,"label":"296","id":"b15-l296","source":"αὐτοὶ δʼ, ὅσσοι ἄριστοι ἐνὶ στρατῷ εὐχόμεθʼ εἶναι,","translation":"but we ourselves, all who boast we are best in the army,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l296.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτοὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"we ourselves"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅσσοι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of εὐχόμεθ̓","gloss":"all who"},{"surface":"ἄριστοι","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στρατῷ","lemma":"στρατός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"the army"},{"surface":"εὐχόμεθ","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing αὐτοὶ","gloss":"boast"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of εὐχόμεθ̓","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":297,"label":"297","id":"b15-l297","source":"στήομεν, εἴ κεν πρῶτον ἐρύξομεν ἀντιάσαντες","translation":"let us stand, and see if we may first hold him by meeting him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l297.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στήομεν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us stand"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"πρῶτον","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐρύξομεν","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ἐρύξομεν","lemma":"ἐρύκω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"may hold back"},{"surface":"ἀντιάσαντες","lemma":"ἀντιάω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐρύξομεν","gloss":"meet"}]},{"number":298,"label":"298","id":"b15-l298","source":"δούρατʼ ἀνασχόμενοι· τὸν δʼ οἴω καὶ μεμαῶτα","translation":"with spears held high; for all his fury, I think","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l298.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δούρατ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀνασχόμενοι","gloss":"spears"},{"surface":"ἀνασχόμενοι","lemma":"ἀνέχω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐρύξομεν","gloss":"held high"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δείσεσθαι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἴω","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I think"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"μεμαῶτα","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δείσεσθαι","gloss":"eager"}]},{"number":299,"label":"299","id":"b15-l299","source":"θυμῷ δείσεσθαι Δαναῶν καταδῦναι ὅμιλον.","translation":"his heart will fear to plunge into the throng of Danaans.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l299.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to δείσεσθαι","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"δείσεσθαι","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of οἴω","gloss":"will fear"},{"surface":"Δαναῶν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὅμιλον","gloss":"of the Danaans"},{"surface":"καταδῦναι","lemma":"καταδύω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δείσεσθαι","gloss":"to enter"},{"surface":"ὅμιλον","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καταδῦναι","gloss":"the throng"}]},{"number":300,"label":"300","id":"b15-l300","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄρα τοῦ μάλα μὲν κλύον ἠδὲ πίθοντο·","translation":"So he spoke, and they listened closely and obeyed him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l300.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἠδὲ","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κλύον","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κλύον","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κλύον","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"listened"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πίθοντο","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"obeyed"}]},{"number":301,"label":"301","id":"b15-l301","source":"οἳ μὲν ἄρʼ ἀμφʼ Αἴαντα καὶ Ἰδομενῆα ἄνακτα","translation":"Those around Ajax and lord Idomeneus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l301.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"subject of ἤρτυνον","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"Αἴαντα","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τ̓","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἰδομενῆα","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τ̓","gloss":"Idomeneus"},{"surface":"ἄνακτα","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἰδομενῆα","gloss":"lord"}]},{"number":302,"label":"302","id":"b15-l302","source":"Τεῦκρον Μηριόνην τε Μέγην τʼ ἀτάλαντον Ἄρηϊ","translation":"Teucer and Meriones and Meges, equal to Ares,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l302.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τεῦκρον","lemma":"Τεῦκρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τ̓","gloss":"Teucer"},{"surface":"Μηριόνην","lemma":"Μηριόνης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τ̓","gloss":"Meriones"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μέγην","lemma":"Μέγης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τ̓","gloss":"Meges"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀτάλαντον","lemma":"ἀτάλαντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μέγην","gloss":"equal"},{"surface":"Ἄρηϊ","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀτάλαντον","gloss":"Ares"}]},{"number":303,"label":"303","id":"b15-l303","source":"ὑσμίνην ἤρτυνον ἀριστῆας καλέσαντες","translation":"marshaled the fight after calling the best men","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l303.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὑσμίνην","lemma":"ὑσμίνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἤρτυνον","gloss":"combat"},{"surface":"ἤρτυνον","lemma":"ἀρτύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"marshaled"},{"surface":"ἀριστῆας","lemma":"ἀριστεύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καλέσαντες","gloss":"princes"},{"surface":"καλέσαντες","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤρτυνον","gloss":"called"}]},{"number":304,"label":"304","id":"b15-l304","source":"Ἕκτορι καὶ Τρώεσσιν ἐναντίον· αὐτὰρ ὀπίσσω","translation":"to face Hector and the Trojans; but behind them","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l304.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορι","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσιν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"to the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἐναντίον","lemma":"ἐναντίον","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition","gloss":"to face"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὀπίσσω","lemma":"ὀπίσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἀπονέοντο","gloss":"behind"}]},{"number":305,"label":"305","id":"b15-l305","source":"ἣ πληθὺς ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν ἀπονέοντο.","translation":"the mass of men returned toward the ships of the Achaeans.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l305.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine article","role":"modifies πληθὺς","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"πληθὺς","lemma":"πληθύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀπονέοντο","gloss":"throng"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"Achaeans"},{"surface":"ἀπονέοντο","lemma":"ἀπονέομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went away"}]},{"number":306,"label":"306","id":"b15-l306","source":"Τρῶες δὲ προὔτυψαν ἀολλέες, ἦρχε δʼ ἄρʼ Ἕκτωρ","translation":"The Trojans struck forward in a mass, and Hector led them,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l306.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of προὔτυψαν","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"προὔτυψαν","lemma":"προτύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck forward"},{"surface":"ἀολλέες","lemma":"ἀολλής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"in one mass"},{"surface":"ἦρχε","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was leader"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦρχε","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":307,"label":"307","id":"b15-l307","source":"μακρὰ βιβάς· πρόσθεν δὲ κίʼ αὐτοῦ Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων","translation":"striding long; before him went Phoebus Apollo,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l307.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μακρὰ","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to βιβάς","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"βιβάς","lemma":"βίβημι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦρχε","gloss":"striding"},{"surface":"πρόσθεν","lemma":"πρόσθεν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κί","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to πρόσθεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"Φοῖβος","lemma":"Φοῖβος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"Phoebus"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κί̓","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":308,"label":"308","id":"b15-l308","source":"εἱμένος ὤμοιιν νεφέλην, ἔχε δʼ αἰγίδα θοῦριν","translation":"his shoulders clothed in cloud, and he held the furious aegis,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l308.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἱμένος","lemma":"ἕννυμι","morphology":"perfect passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κί̓","gloss":"clothed"},{"surface":"ὤμοιιν","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"dative dual masculine noun","role":"adverbial to εἱμένος","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"νεφέλην","lemma":"νεφέλη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἱμένος","gloss":"a cloud"},{"surface":"ἔχε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰγίδα","lemma":"αἰγίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχε","gloss":"aegis"},{"surface":"θοῦριν","lemma":"θοῦρις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἰγίδα","gloss":"furious"}]},{"number":309,"label":"309","id":"b15-l309","source":"δεινὴν ἀμφιδάσειαν ἀριπρεπέʼ, ἣν ἄρα χαλκεὺς","translation":"terrible, fringed all around, and splendid, which the smith","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l309.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δεινὴν ἀμφιδάσειαν ἀριπρεπέʼ","title":"The shaggy-fringed aegis","body":"ἀμφιδάσεια describes the aegis as shaggy or fringed all around, while ἀριπρεπής makes it conspicuous and splendid. Its terrifying appearance is part of the power Apollo turns against the Achaeans."}],"words":[{"surface":"δεινὴν","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἰγίδα","gloss":"dread"},{"surface":"ἀμφιδάσειαν","lemma":"ἀμφίδασυς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἰγίδα","gloss":"fringed all around"},{"surface":"ἀριπρεπέ","lemma":"ἀριπρεπής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἰγίδα","gloss":"splendid"},{"surface":"ἣν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of δῶκε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"χαλκεὺς","lemma":"χαλκεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἥφαιστος","gloss":"bronzesmith"}]},{"number":310,"label":"310","id":"b15-l310","source":"Ἥφαιστος Διὶ δῶκε φορήμεναι ἐς φόβον ἀνδρῶν·","translation":"Hephaestus gave Zeus to bear for the rout of men.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l310.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἥφαιστος","lemma":"Ἥφαιστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δῶκε","gloss":"Hephaestus"},{"surface":"Διὶ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δῶκε","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"δῶκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing αἰγίδα","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"φορήμεναι","lemma":"φορέω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to δῶκε","gloss":"to bear"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"φόβον","lemma":"φόβος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐς","gloss":"rout"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies φόβον","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":311,"label":"311","id":"b15-l311","source":"τὴν ἄρʼ ὅ γʼ ἐν χείρεσσιν ἔχων ἡγήσατο λαῶν.","translation":"Holding it in his hands, Apollo led the troops.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l311.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἔχων","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἡγήσατο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χείρεσσιν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἡγήσατο","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"ἡγήσατο","lemma":"ἡγέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἡγήσατο","gloss":"the troops"}]},{"number":312,"label":"312","id":"b15-l312","source":"Ἀργεῖοι δʼ ὑπέμειναν ἀολλέες, ὦρτο δʼ ἀϋτὴ","translation":"The Argives stood their ground in a mass, and a sharp cry rose","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l312.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργεῖοι","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ὑπέμειναν","gloss":"the Argives"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπέμειναν","lemma":"ὑπομένω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held their ground"},{"surface":"ἀολλέες","lemma":"ἀολλής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"in one mass"},{"surface":"ὦρτο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"arose"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀϋτὴ","lemma":"ἀυτή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ὦρτο","gloss":"the battle-cry"}]},{"number":313,"label":"313","id":"b15-l313","source":"ὀξεῖʼ ἀμφοτέρωθεν, ἀπὸ νευρῆφι δʼ ὀϊστοὶ","translation":"from both sides, while arrows leapt from the bowstrings;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l313.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀξεῖ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀϋτὴ","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"ἀμφοτέρωθεν","lemma":"ἀμφοτέρωθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὦρτο","gloss":"on either side"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"νευρῆφι","lemma":"νευρά","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"bowstrings"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀϊστοὶ","lemma":"ὀιστός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of θρῷσκον","gloss":"arrows"}]},{"number":314,"label":"314","id":"b15-l314","source":"θρῷσκον· πολλὰ δὲ δοῦρα θρασειάων ἀπὸ χειρῶν","translation":"and many spears flew from the hands of daring men.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l314.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θρῷσκον","lemma":"θρῴσκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flew"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δοῦρα","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δοῦρα","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of πήγνυτ̓","gloss":"spears"},{"surface":"θρασειάων","lemma":"θρασύς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χειρῶν","gloss":"bold"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"χειρῶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπὸ","gloss":"hands"}]},{"number":315,"label":"315","id":"b15-l315","source":"ἄλλα μὲν ἐν χροῒ πήγνυτʼ ἀρηϊθόων αἰζηῶν,","translation":"Some lodged in the flesh of young men skilled in war,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l315.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλα","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δοῦρα","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χροῒ","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"flesh"},{"surface":"πήγνυτ","lemma":"πήγνυμι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lodged"},{"surface":"ἀρηϊθόων","lemma":"ἀρηίθοος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies αἰζηῶν","gloss":"battle-raging"},{"surface":"αἰζηῶν","lemma":"αἰζηός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies χροῒ","gloss":"young men"}]},{"number":316,"label":"316","id":"b15-l316","source":"πολλὰ δὲ καὶ μεσσηγὺ πάρος χρόα λευκὸν ἐπαυρεῖν","translation":"and many, midway before they could graze white flesh,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l316.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of ἵσταντο","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"μεσσηγὺ","lemma":"μεσηγύ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵσταντο","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"χρόα","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπαυρεῖν","gloss":"skin"},{"surface":"λευκὸν","lemma":"λευκός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χρόα","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"ἐπαυρεῖν","lemma":"ἐπαυρέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to πάρος","gloss":"to graze"}]},{"number":317,"label":"317","id":"b15-l317","source":"ἐν γαίῃ ἵσταντο λιλαιόμενα χροὸς ἆσαι.","translation":"and stood in the earth, longing to glut themselves on flesh.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l317.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"λιλαιόμενα χροὸς ἆσαι","title":"Spears longing for flesh","body":"The middle participle λιλαιόμενα makes the fallen spears seem to long for flesh, and the infinitive ἆσαι completes that desire: ‘to glut themselves.’ Homer briefly gives the weapons an appetite of their own."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"γαίῃ","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the ground"},{"surface":"ἵσταντο","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"λιλαιόμενα","lemma":"λιλαίομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural neuter","role":"adverbial to ἵσταντο","gloss":"longing for"},{"surface":"χροὸς","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἆσαι","gloss":"flesh"},{"surface":"ἆσαι","lemma":"ἄω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of λιλαιόμενα","gloss":"to glut themselves"}]},{"number":318,"label":"318","id":"b15-l318","source":"ὄφρα μὲν αἰγίδα χερσὶν ἔχʼ ἀτρέμα Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων,","translation":"So long as Phoebus Apollo held the aegis still in his hands,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l318.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχ̓","gloss":"as long as"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"αἰγίδα","lemma":"αἰγίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχ̓","gloss":"aegis"},{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔχ̓","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἔχ","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τόφρα","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"ἀτρέμα","lemma":"ἀτρέμας","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχ̓","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"Φοῖβος","lemma":"Φοῖβος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"Phoebus"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔχ̓","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":319,"label":"319","id":"b15-l319","source":"τόφρα μάλʼ ἀμφοτέρων βέλεʼ ἥπτετο, πῖπτε δὲ λαός.","translation":"the weapons struck both sides, and the people fell.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l319.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόφρα","lemma":"τόφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἥπτετο","gloss":"forcefully"},{"surface":"ἀμφοτέρων","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βέλἐ","gloss":"of both"},{"surface":"βέλε","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἥπτετο","gloss":"weapons"},{"surface":"ἥπτετο","lemma":"ἅπτω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"πῖπτε","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λαός","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πῖπτε","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":320,"label":"320","id":"b15-l320","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ κατʼ ἐνῶπα ἰδὼν Δαναῶν ταχυπώλων","translation":"But when he looked straight into the faces of the swift-horsed Danaans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l320.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"straight at"},{"surface":"ἐνῶπα","lemma":"ἐνωπή","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of κατ̓","gloss":"the faces"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to σεῖσ̓","gloss":"seeing"},{"surface":"Δαναῶν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐνῶπα","gloss":"of the Danaans"},{"surface":"ταχυπώλων","lemma":"ταχύπωλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Δαναῶν","gloss":"swift-horsed"}]},{"number":321,"label":"321","id":"b15-l321","source":"σεῖσʼ, ἐπὶ δʼ αὐτὸς ἄϋσε μάλα μέγα, τοῖσι δὲ θυμὸν","translation":"and shook it, then himself cried out very loud, their hearts","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l321.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σεῖσ","lemma":"σείω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"shook it"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ἄϋσε","lemma":"αὔω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"cried out"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἄϋσε","gloss":"loudly"},{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies θυμὸν","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔθελξε","gloss":"hearts"}]},{"number":322,"label":"322","id":"b15-l322","source":"ἐν στήθεσσιν ἔθελξε, λάθοντο δὲ θούριδος ἀλκῆς.","translation":"he bewitched within their breasts, and they forgot their furious valor.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l322.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐν στήθεσσιν ἔθελξε","title":"Courage bewitched","body":"θέλγω means to enchant, beguile, or rob someone of power by a spell-like influence. Apollo does more than frighten the Danaans: he alters the spirit within their breasts so that they forget their fighting strength."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσιν","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐν","gloss":"their breasts"},{"surface":"ἔθελξε","lemma":"θέλγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bewitched"},{"surface":"λάθοντο","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"forgot"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θούριδος","lemma":"θοῦρις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλκῆς","gloss":"furious"},{"surface":"ἀλκῆς","lemma":"ἀλκή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of λάθοντο","gloss":"valor"}]},{"number":323,"label":"323","id":"b15-l323","source":"οἳ δʼ ὥς τʼ ἠὲ βοῶν ἀγέλην ἢ πῶϋ μέγʼ οἰῶν","translation":"As when two wild beasts drive a herd of cattle or a great flock","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l323.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοὶ","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κλονέωσι","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"βοῶν","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀγέλην","gloss":"of oxen"},{"surface":"ἀγέλην","lemma":"ἀγέλη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἢ","gloss":"a herd"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"πῶϋ","lemma":"πῶυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἢ","gloss":"flock"},{"surface":"μέγ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πῶϋ","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"οἰῶν","lemma":"ὄις","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies πῶϋ","gloss":"of sheep"}]},{"number":324,"label":"324","id":"b15-l324","source":"θῆρε δύω κλονέωσι μελαίνης νυκτὸς ἀμολγῷ","translation":"of sheep in the dead of black night,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l324.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θῆρε","lemma":"θήρ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject of κλονέωσι","gloss":"wild beasts"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies θῆρε","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"κλονέωσι","lemma":"κλονέω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὣς","gloss":"drive"},{"surface":"μελαίνης","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νυκτὸς","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"νυκτὸς","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀμολγῷ","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"ἀμολγῷ","lemma":"ἀμολγός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐλθόντ̓","gloss":"dead of night"}]},{"number":325,"label":"325","id":"b15-l325","source":"ἐλθόντʼ ἐξαπίνης σημάντορος οὐ παρεόντος,","translation":"coming suddenly when the herdsman is not there,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l325.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"σημάντορος οὐ παρεόντος","title":"With the herdsman absent","body":"The genitive noun σημάντορος and participle παρεόντος form a genitive absolute: the beasts attack while the flock’s keeper is absent. That lack of a protector sharpens the simile for the Achaeans’ sudden helplessness."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐλθόντ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to κλονέωσι","gloss":"coming"},{"surface":"ἐξαπίνης","lemma":"ἐξαπίνης","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐλθόντ̓","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"σημάντορος","lemma":"σημάντωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"subject of παρεόντος","gloss":"herdsman"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"παρεόντος","lemma":"πάρειμι","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κλονέωσι","gloss":"being there"}]},{"number":326,"label":"326","id":"b15-l326","source":"ὣς ἐφόβηθεν Ἀχαιοὶ ἀνάλκιδες· ἐν γὰρ Ἀπόλλων","translation":"so the Achaeans fled without strength; for Apollo","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l326.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐφόβηθεν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἐφόβηθεν","lemma":"φοβέω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fled in rout"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐφόβηθεν","gloss":"the Achaeans"},{"surface":"ἀνάλκιδες","lemma":"ἄναλκις","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοὶ","gloss":"without strength"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἧκε","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":327,"label":"327","id":"b15-l327","source":"ἧκε φόβον, Τρωσὶν δὲ καὶ Ἕκτορι κῦδος ὄπαζεν.","translation":"sent panic among them and gave glory to the Trojans and Hector.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l327.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἧκε","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent"},{"surface":"φόβον","lemma":"φόβος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἧκε","gloss":"panic"},{"surface":"Τρωσὶν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορι","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"κῦδος","lemma":"κῦδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὄπαζεν","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ὄπαζεν","lemma":"ὀπάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"}]},{"number":328,"label":"328","id":"b15-l328","source":"ἔνθα δʼ ἀνὴρ ἕλεν ἄνδρα κεδασθείσης ὑσμίνης.","translation":"There man slew man as the battle scattered.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l328.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀνὴρ ἕλεν ἄνδρα","title":"Man took man","body":"The repeated ἀνήρ and ἄνδρα compress the scattered fighting into a stark formula: man took man. The line turns from the armies’ movement to the individual killings that follow."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕλεν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕλεν","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἕλεν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slew"},{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕλεν","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"κεδασθείσης","lemma":"κεδάννυμι","morphology":"aorist passive participle, genitive singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἕλεν","gloss":"scattered"},{"surface":"ὑσμίνης","lemma":"ὑσμίνη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"subject of κεδασθείσης","gloss":"combat"}]},{"number":329,"label":"329","id":"b15-l329","source":"Ἕκτωρ μὲν Στιχίον τε καὶ Ἀρκεσίλαον ἔπεφνε,","translation":"Hector killed Stichius and Arcesilaus,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l329.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔπεφνε","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Στιχίον","lemma":"Στιχίος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Stichius"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀρκεσίλαον","lemma":"Ἀρκεσίλαος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Arcesilaus"},{"surface":"ἔπεφνε","lemma":"θείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"killed"}]},{"number":330,"label":"330","id":"b15-l330","source":"τὸν μὲν Βοιωτῶν ἡγήτορα χαλκοχιτώνων,","translation":"the one a leader of the bronze-clad Boeotians,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l330.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies ἡγήτορα","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Βοιωτῶν","lemma":"Βοιωτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἡγήτορα","gloss":"of the Boeotians"},{"surface":"ἡγήτορα","lemma":"ἡγήτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"leader"},{"surface":"χαλκοχιτώνων","lemma":"χαλκοχίτων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Βοιωτῶν","gloss":"bronze-clad"}]},{"number":331,"label":"331","id":"b15-l331","source":"τὸν δὲ Μενεσθῆος μεγαθύμου πιστὸν ἑταῖρον·","translation":"the other a trusted companion of great-hearted Menestheus;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l331.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies ἑταῖρον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μενεσθῆος","lemma":"Μενεσθεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἑταῖρον","gloss":"Menestheus's"},{"surface":"μεγαθύμου","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενεσθῆος","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"πιστὸν","lemma":"πιστός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖρον","gloss":"trusty"},{"surface":"ἑταῖρον","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"companion"}]},{"number":332,"label":"332","id":"b15-l332","source":"Αἰνείας δὲ Μέδοντα καὶ Ἴασον ἐξενάριξεν.","translation":"and Aeneas killed and stripped Medon and Iasus.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l332.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἰνείας","lemma":"Αἰνείας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐξενάριξεν","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μέδοντα","lemma":"Μέδων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Medon"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἴασον","lemma":"Ἴασος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Iasus"},{"surface":"ἐξενάριξεν","lemma":"ἐξεναρίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slew and stripped"}]},{"number":333,"label":"333","id":"b15-l333","source":"ἤτοι ὃ μὲν νόθος υἱὸς Ὀϊλῆος θείοιο","translation":"Now Medon was the bastard son of noble Oileus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l333.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies Μέδων","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νόθος","lemma":"νόθος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"bastard"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Ὀϊλῆος","lemma":"Ὀιλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"Oileus"},{"surface":"θείοιο","lemma":"θεῖος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀϊλῆος","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":334,"label":"334","id":"b15-l334","source":"ἔσκε Μέδων Αἴαντος ἀδελφεός· αὐτὰρ ἔναιεν","translation":"and brother of Ajax; but he dwelt","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l334.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσκε","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"Μέδων","lemma":"μέδω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject of ἔσκε","gloss":"Medon"},{"surface":"Αἴαντος","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀδελφεός","gloss":"Ajax's"},{"surface":"ἀδελφεός","lemma":"ἀδελφός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Μέδων","gloss":"brother"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔναιεν","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lived"}]},{"number":335,"label":"335","id":"b15-l335","source":"ἐν Φυλάκῃ γαίης ἄπο πατρίδος ἄνδρα κατακτὰς","translation":"in Phylace, away from his fatherland, after killing a man,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l335.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Φυλάκῃ","lemma":"Φυλάκη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"Phylace"},{"surface":"γαίης","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἄπο","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"ἄπο","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"away from"},{"surface":"πατρίδος","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαίης","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κατακτὰς","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"κατακτὰς","lemma":"κατακτείνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔναιεν","gloss":"after killing"}]},{"number":336,"label":"336","id":"b15-l336","source":"γνωτὸν μητρυιῆς Ἐριώπιδος, ἣν ἔχʼ Ὀϊλεύς·","translation":"a kinsman of his stepmother Eriopis, whom Oileus had as wife;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l336.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"γνωτὸν μητρυιῆς Ἐριώπιδος","title":"Eriopis’s kinsman","body":"The genitives μητρυιῆς Ἐριώπιδος identify the slain man through Medon’s stepmother Eriopis: he was a kinsman of hers. Eriopis is Oileus’s wife and Medon’s stepmother, not Medon’s mother."}],"words":[{"surface":"γνωτὸν","lemma":"γνωτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄνδρα","gloss":"a kinsman"},{"surface":"μητρυιῆς","lemma":"μητρυιά","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἐριώπιδος","gloss":"stepmother"},{"surface":"Ἐριώπιδος","lemma":"Ἐριῶπις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies γνωτὸν","gloss":"Eriopis"},{"surface":"ἣν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἔχ̓","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ἔχ","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἐριώπιδος","gloss":"had as wife"},{"surface":"Ὀϊλεύς","lemma":"Ὀιλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔχ̓","gloss":"Oileus"}]},{"number":337,"label":"337","id":"b15-l337","source":"Ἴασος αὖτʼ ἀρχὸς μὲν Ἀθηναίων ἐτέτυκτο,","translation":"Iasus, in turn, had become a leader of the Athenians,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l337.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἴασος","lemma":"Ἴασος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐτέτυκτο","gloss":"Iasus"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"ἀρχὸς","lemma":"ἀρχός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"leader"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίων","lemma":"Ἀθηναῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀρχὸς","gloss":"of the Athenians"},{"surface":"ἐτέτυκτο","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had become"}]},{"number":338,"label":"338","id":"b15-l338","source":"υἱὸς δὲ Σφήλοιο καλέσκετο Βουκολίδαο.","translation":"and was called the son of Sphelus, son of Bucolus.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l338.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Σφήλοιο","lemma":"Σφῆλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"Sphelus"},{"surface":"καλέσκετο","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was called"},{"surface":"Βουκολίδαο","lemma":"Βουκολίδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Σφήλοιο","gloss":"son of Bucolus"}]},{"number":339,"label":"339","id":"b15-l339","source":"Μηκιστῆ δʼ ἕλε Πουλυδάμας, Ἐχίον δὲ Πολίτης","translation":"Polydamas killed Mecisteus, and Polites Echion","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l339.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μηκιστῆ","lemma":"Μηκιστεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕλε","gloss":"Mecisteus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕλε","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"Πουλυδάμας","lemma":"Πουλυδάμας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕλε","gloss":"Polydamas"},{"surface":"Ἐχίον","lemma":"Ἐχίος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Echion"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πολίτης","lemma":"Πολίτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Polites"}]},{"number":340,"label":"340","id":"b15-l340","source":"πρώτῃ ἐν ὑσμίνῃ, Κλονίον δʼ ἕλε δῖος Ἀγήνωρ.","translation":"in the first onset, while godlike Agenor killed Clonius.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l340.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρώτῃ","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὑσμίνῃ","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ὑσμίνῃ","lemma":"ὑσμίνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"combat"},{"surface":"Κλονίον","lemma":"Κλονίος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕλε","gloss":"Clonius"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕλε","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀγήνωρ","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἀγήνωρ","lemma":"Ἀγήνωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕλε","gloss":"Agenor"}]},{"number":341,"label":"341","id":"b15-l341","source":"Δηΐοχον δὲ Πάρις βάλε νείατον ὦμον ὄπισθε","translation":"Paris struck Deiochus from behind in the lowest part of the shoulder","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l341.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Δηΐοχον","lemma":"Δηίοχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"Deiochus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πάρις","lemma":"Πάρις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βάλε","gloss":"Paris"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"νείατον","lemma":"νέατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὦμον","gloss":"lowest"},{"surface":"ὦμον","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"shoulder"},{"surface":"ὄπισθε","lemma":"ὄπισθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βάλε","gloss":"behind"}]},{"number":342,"label":"342","id":"b15-l342","source":"φεύγοντʼ ἐν προμάχοισι, διὰ πρὸ δὲ χαλκὸν ἔλασσεν.","translation":"as he fled among the foremost fighters, and drove the bronze straight through.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l342.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"φεύγοντʼ ἐν προμάχοισι","title":"Struck while fleeing","body":"The participle φεύγοντα describes Deiochus as fleeing even though he is still among the foremost fighters. Paris’s cast comes from behind, and the following clause drives the spear through his shoulder."}],"words":[{"surface":"φεύγοντ","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as he fled"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"προμάχοισι","lemma":"πρόμαχος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"among the champions"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"πρὸ","lemma":"πρό","morphology":"preposition","role":"object of ἔλασσεν","gloss":"straight through"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χαλκὸν","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔλασσεν","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ἔλασσεν","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove"}]},{"number":343,"label":"343","id":"b15-l343","source":"ὄφρʼ οἳ τοὺς ἐνάριζον ἀπʼ ἔντεα, τόφρα δʼ Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"While they stripped the armor from these men, the Achaeans","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l343.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐνάριζον","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐνάριζον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐνάριζον","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ἐνάριζον","lemma":"ἐναρίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to τόφρα","gloss":"were stripping"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἔντεα","lemma":"ἔντεα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐνάριζον","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"τόφρα","lemma":"τόφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φέβοντο","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of φέβοντο","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":344,"label":"344","id":"b15-l344","source":"τάφρῳ καὶ σκολόπεσσιν ἐνιπλήξαντες ὀρυκτῇ","translation":"struck against the dug trench and its stakes","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l344.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τάφρῳ","lemma":"τάφρος","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"the trench"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σκολόπεσσιν","lemma":"σκόλοψ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"with stakes"},{"surface":"ἐνιπλήξαντες","lemma":"ἐμπλήσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to φέβοντο","gloss":"striking against"},{"surface":"ὀρυκτῇ","lemma":"ὀρυκτός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies τάφρῳ","gloss":"dug"}]},{"number":345,"label":"345","id":"b15-l345","source":"ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα φέβοντο, δύοντο δὲ τεῖχος ἀνάγκῃ.","translation":"and fled this way and that, forced to pass within the wall.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l345.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"this way"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"that way"},{"surface":"φέβοντο","lemma":"φέβομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fled"},{"surface":"δύοντο","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"passed within"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τεῖχος","lemma":"τεῖχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δύοντο","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"ἀνάγκῃ","lemma":"ἀνάγκη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to δύοντο","gloss":"by force"}]},{"number":346,"label":"346","id":"b15-l346","source":"Ἕκτωρ δὲ Τρώεσσιν ἐκέκλετο μακρὸν ἀΰσας","translation":"Then Hector called to the Trojans with a far-carrying shout:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l346.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐκέκλετο","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσιν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκέκλετο","gloss":"to the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἐκέκλετο","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"μακρὸν","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀΰσας","gloss":"loudly"},{"surface":"ἀΰσας","lemma":"αὔω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐκέκλετο","gloss":"shouting"}]},{"number":347,"label":"347","id":"b15-l347","source":"νηυσὶν ἐπισσεύεσθαι, ἐᾶν δʼ ἔναρα βροτόεντα·","translation":"Rush upon the ships, and leave the blood-stained spoils!","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l347.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπισσεύεσθαι","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"ἐπισσεύεσθαι","lemma":"ἐπισεύω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"rush upon"},{"surface":"ἐᾶν","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"leave"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔναρα","lemma":"ἔναρα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐᾶν","gloss":"the spoils"},{"surface":"βροτόεντα","lemma":"βροτόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔναρα","gloss":"bloodstained"}]},{"number":348,"label":"348","id":"b15-l348","source":"ὃν δʼ ἂν ἐγὼν ἀπάνευθε νεῶν ἑτέρωθι νοήσω,","translation":"Whomever I see apart from the ships, off on the other side,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l348.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of νοήσω","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of νοήσω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἀπάνευθε","lemma":"ἀπάνευθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"apart from"},{"surface":"νεῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπάνευθε","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἑτέρωθι","lemma":"ἑτέρωθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὃν","gloss":"elsewhere"},{"surface":"νοήσω","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing οἱ","gloss":"I see"}]},{"number":349,"label":"349","id":"b15-l349","source":"αὐτοῦ οἱ θάνατον μητίσομαι, οὐδέ νυ τόν γε","translation":"there I shall devise his death; nor shall his","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l349.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μητίσομαι","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to μητίσομαι","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"θάνατον","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μητίσομαι","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"μητίσομαι","lemma":"μητίομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I shall devise"},{"surface":"νυ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of λελάχωσι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":350,"label":"350","id":"b15-l350","source":"γνωτοί τε γνωταί τε πυρὸς λελάχωσι θανόντα,","translation":"brothers and sisters allot him fire when he is dead,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l350.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"γνωτοί τε γνωταί τε","title":"Brothers and sisters","body":"The paired forms γνωτοί and γνωταί explicitly name male and female siblings or close kin. Hector threatens not only death but the denial of funeral fire by the victim’s own family."}],"words":[{"surface":"γνωτοί","lemma":"γνωτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"brothers"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γνωταί","lemma":"γνωτός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"sisters"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πυρὸς","lemma":"πυρός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λελάχωσι","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"λελάχωσι","lemma":"λαγχάνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall allot"},{"surface":"θανόντα","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"when dead"}]},{"number":351,"label":"351","id":"b15-l351","source":"ἀλλὰ κύνες ἐρύουσι πρὸ ἄστεος ἡμετέροιο.","translation":"but dogs shall drag him before our city.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l351.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κύνες","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐρύουσι","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"ἐρύουσι","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall drag"},{"surface":"πρὸ","lemma":"πρό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ἄστεος","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to πρὸ","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"ἡμετέροιο","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄστεος","gloss":"our"}]},{"number":352,"label":"352","id":"b15-l352","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν μάστιγι κατωμαδὸν ἤλασεν ἵππους","translation":"So speaking, he brought the whip down across the horses’ shoulders,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l352.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤλασεν","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"μάστιγι","lemma":"μάστιξ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἤλασεν","gloss":"whip"},{"surface":"κατωμαδὸν","lemma":"κατωμαδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤλασεν","gloss":"across the shoulders"},{"surface":"ἤλασεν","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἤλασεν","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":353,"label":"353","id":"b15-l353","source":"κεκλόμενος Τρώεσσι κατὰ στίχας· οἳ δὲ σὺν αὐτῷ","translation":"calling to the Trojans along their ranks; and together with him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l353.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεκλόμενος","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤλασεν","gloss":"calling"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κεκλόμενος","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στίχας","lemma":"στίξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"ranks"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔχον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":354,"label":"354","id":"b15-l354","source":"πάντες ὁμοκλήσαντες ἔχον ἐρυσάρματας ἵππους","translation":"they all shouted and drove their chariot-drawing horses","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l354.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἳ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ὁμοκλήσαντες","lemma":"ὁμοκλέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔχον","gloss":"shouting together"},{"surface":"ἔχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove"},{"surface":"ἐρυσάρματας","lemma":"ἐρυσάρματες","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"chariot-drawing"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχον","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":355,"label":"355","id":"b15-l355","source":"ἠχῇ θεσπεσίῃ· προπάροιθε δὲ Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων","translation":"amid a wondrous din. Before them Phoebus Apollo","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l355.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠχῇ","lemma":"ἠχή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔχον","gloss":"with a roar"},{"surface":"θεσπεσίῃ","lemma":"θεσπέσιος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἠχῇ","gloss":"wondrous"},{"surface":"προπάροιθε","lemma":"προπάροιθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατέβαλλε","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Φοῖβος","lemma":"Φοῖβος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"Phoebus"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κατέβαλλε","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":356,"label":"356","id":"b15-l356","source":"ῥεῖʼ ὄχθας καπέτοιο βαθείης ποσσὶν ἐρείπων","translation":"easily broke down with his feet the banks of the deep trench","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l356.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥεῖ","lemma":"ῥεῖα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐρείπων","gloss":"easily"},{"surface":"ὄχθας","lemma":"ὄχθη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐρείπων","gloss":"the banks"},{"surface":"καπέτοιο","lemma":"κάπετος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ὄχθας","gloss":"trench"},{"surface":"βαθείης","lemma":"βαθύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies καπέτοιο","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"ποσσὶν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐρείπων","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"ἐρείπων","lemma":"ἐρείπω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κατέβαλλε","gloss":"breaking down"}]},{"number":357,"label":"357","id":"b15-l357","source":"ἐς μέσσον κατέβαλλε, γεφύρωσεν δὲ κέλευθον","translation":"and cast them into its middle, bridging a path","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l357.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"μέσσον","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"the middle"},{"surface":"κατέβαλλε","lemma":"καταβάλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"γεφύρωσεν","lemma":"γεφυρόω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bridged"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κέλευθον","lemma":"κέλευθος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of γεφύρωσεν","gloss":"path"}]},{"number":358,"label":"358","id":"b15-l358","source":"μακρὴν ἠδʼ εὐρεῖαν, ὅσον τʼ ἐπὶ δουρὸς ἐρωὴ","translation":"long and broad, as far as the cast of a spear","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l358.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μακρὴν","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἠδ̓","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὐρεῖαν","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἠδ̓","gloss":"wide"},{"surface":"ὅσον","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"as far as"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"δουρὸς","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐρωὴ","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"ἐρωὴ","lemma":"ἐρωή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of γίγνεται","gloss":"cast"}]},{"number":359,"label":"359","id":"b15-l359","source":"γίγνεται, ὁππότʼ ἀνὴρ σθένεος πειρώμενος ᾗσι.","translation":"when a man throws while testing his strength.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l359.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"σθένεος πειρώμενος","title":"Testing his strength","body":"The middle participle πειρώμενος takes the genitive σθένεος: a man makes trial ‘of his strength.’ The imagined spear-cast gives a human scale to the breadth of Apollo’s bridge across the ditch."}],"words":[{"surface":"γίγνεται","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to γεφύρωσεν","gloss":"reaches"},{"surface":"ὁππότ","lemma":"ὁπότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ᾗσι","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ᾗσι","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"σθένεος","lemma":"σθένος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of πειρώμενος","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"πειρώμενος","lemma":"πειράω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ᾗσι","gloss":"testing"},{"surface":"ᾗσι","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to γίγνεται","gloss":"throws"}]},{"number":360,"label":"360","id":"b15-l360","source":"τῇ ῥʼ οἵ γε προχέοντο φαλαγγηδόν, πρὸ δʼ Ἀπόλλων","translation":"Along it they poured forward in ranks, and before them Apollo","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l360.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"τῇ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προχέοντο","gloss":"along it"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of προχέοντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"προχέοντο","lemma":"προχέω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured forward"},{"surface":"φαλαγγηδόν","lemma":"φαλαγγηδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προχέοντο","gloss":"in ranks"},{"surface":"πρὸ","lemma":"πρό","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":361,"label":"361","id":"b15-l361","source":"αἰγίδʼ ἔχων ἐρίτιμον· ἔρειπε δὲ τεῖχος Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"held the honored aegis; then he toppled the Achaeans’ wall","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l361.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰγίδ","lemma":"αἰγίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχων","gloss":"the aegis"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"ἐρίτιμον","lemma":"ἐρίτιμος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἰγίδ̓","gloss":"precious"},{"surface":"ἔρειπε","lemma":"ἐρείπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"toppled"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τεῖχος","lemma":"τεῖχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔρειπε","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τεῖχος","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":362,"label":"362","id":"b15-l362","source":"ῥεῖα μάλʼ, ὡς ὅτε τις ψάμαθον πάϊς ἄγχι θαλάσσης,","translation":"very easily, as when a child beside the sea makes sand","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l362.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥεῖα","lemma":"ῥεῖα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔρειπε","gloss":"easily"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"ψάμαθον","lemma":"ψάμαθος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"sand"},{"surface":"πάϊς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"ἄγχι","lemma":"ἄγχι","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"θαλάσσης","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἄγχι","gloss":"of the sea"}]},{"number":363,"label":"363","id":"b15-l363","source":"ὅς τʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν ποιήσῃ ἀθύρματα νηπιέῃσιν","translation":"toys, once he has fashioned them in childish play,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l363.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of συνέχευε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ποιήσῃ","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ποιήσῃ","lemma":"ποιέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to συνέχευε","gloss":"has fashioned"},{"surface":"ἀθύρματα","lemma":"ἄθυρμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"complement of ποιήσῃ","gloss":"toys"},{"surface":"νηπιέῃσιν","lemma":"νηπιάα","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ποιήσῃ","gloss":"in childish play"}]},{"number":364,"label":"364","id":"b15-l364","source":"ἂψ αὖτις συνέχευε ποσὶν καὶ χερσὶν ἀθύρων.","translation":"and then scatters them again with hands and feet as he plays.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l364.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to συνέχευε","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to συνέχευε","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"συνέχευε","lemma":"συγχέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing πάϊς","gloss":"scatters"},{"surface":"ποσὶν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"his feet"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἀθύρων","lemma":"ἀθύρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to συνέχευε","gloss":"as he plays"}]},{"number":365,"label":"365","id":"b15-l365","source":"ὥς ῥα σὺ ἤϊε Φοῖβε πολὺν κάματον καὶ ὀϊζὺν","translation":"So you, archer Phoebus, the Argives’ great toil and misery","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l365.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to σύγχεας","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of σύγχεας","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἤϊε","lemma":"ἤιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Φοῖβε","gloss":"archer"},{"surface":"Φοῖβε","lemma":"Φοῖβος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Phoebus"},{"surface":"πολὺν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κάματον","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"κάματον","lemma":"κάματος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"weariness"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀϊζὺν","lemma":"ὀιζύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"misery"}]},{"number":366,"label":"366","id":"b15-l366","source":"σύγχεας Ἀργείων, αὐτοῖσι δὲ φύζαν ἐνῶρσας.","translation":"brought all to ruin, and stirred panic flight among them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l366.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σύγχεας","lemma":"συγχέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brought to ruin"},{"surface":"Ἀργείων","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"Argives"},{"surface":"αὐτοῖσι","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐνῶρσας","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φύζαν","lemma":"φύζα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐνῶρσας","gloss":"rout"},{"surface":"ἐνῶρσας","lemma":"ἐνόρνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stirred up"}]},{"number":367,"label":"367","id":"b15-l367","source":"ὣς οἳ μὲν παρὰ νηυσὶν ἐρητύοντο μένοντες,","translation":"So they halted beside the ships and held their ground,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l367.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐρητύοντο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"ἐρητύοντο","lemma":"ἐρητύω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"halted"},{"surface":"μένοντες","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐρητύοντο","gloss":"holding ground"}]},{"number":368,"label":"368","id":"b15-l368","source":"ἀλλήλοισί τε κεκλόμενοι καὶ πᾶσι θεοῖσι","translation":"calling to one another and to all the gods,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l368.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλήλοισί","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of κεκλόμενοι","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κεκλόμενοι","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐρητύοντο","gloss":"calling"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πᾶσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοῖσι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"θεοῖσι","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνίσχοντες","gloss":"gods"}]},{"number":369,"label":"369","id":"b15-l369","source":"χεῖρας ἀνίσχοντες μεγάλʼ εὐχετόωντο ἕκαστος·","translation":"each lifting his hands and praying aloud.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l369.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀνίσχοντες","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἀνίσχοντες","lemma":"ἀνέχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to εὐχετόωντο","gloss":"lifting"},{"surface":"μεγάλ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to εὐχετόωντο","gloss":"aloud"},{"surface":"εὐχετόωντο","lemma":"εὐχετάομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"prayed aloud"},{"surface":"ἕκαστος","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":370,"label":"370","id":"b15-l370","source":"Νέστωρ αὖτε μάλιστα Γερήνιος οὖρος Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"And Nestor above all, the Gerenian bulwark of the Achaeans,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l370.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Γερήνιος οὖρος Ἀχαιῶν","title":"Nestor as the Achaeans' bulwark","body":"οὖρος is a guard or protecting barrier. The epithet makes the old counselor a defense for the whole army even when he is fighting through prayer rather than with a spear."}],"words":[{"surface":"Νέστωρ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εὔχετο","gloss":"Nestor"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εὔχετο","gloss":"most of all"},{"surface":"Γερήνιος","lemma":"Γερήνιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Νέστωρ","gloss":"Gerenian"},{"surface":"οὖρος","lemma":"οὖρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Νέστωρ","gloss":"bulwark"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies οὖρος","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":371,"label":"371","id":"b15-l371","source":"εὔχετο χεῖρʼ ὀρέγων εἰς οὐρανὸν ἀστερόεντα·","translation":"prayed, reaching his hand toward the starry sky:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l371.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὔχετο","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"prayed"},{"surface":"χεῖρ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative dual feminine noun","role":"object of ὀρέγων","gloss":"his hand"},{"surface":"ὀρέγων","lemma":"ὀρέγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εὔχετο","gloss":"reaching"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"οὐρανὸν","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"ἀστερόεντα","lemma":"ἀστερόεις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οὐρανὸν","gloss":"starry"}]},{"number":372,"label":"372","id":"b15-l372","source":"Ζεῦ πάτερ εἴ ποτέ τίς τοι ἐν Ἄργεΐ περ πολυπύρῳ","translation":"\"Father Zeus, if ever anyone in wheat-rich Argos","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l372.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεῦ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"πάτερ","lemma":"πάτηρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεῦ","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"ποτέ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to εὔχετο","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εὔχετο","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εὔχετο","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Ἄργεΐ","lemma":"Ἄργος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"Argos"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πολυπύρῳ","lemma":"πολύπυρος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies Ἄργεΐ","gloss":"wheat-rich"}]},{"number":373,"label":"373","id":"b15-l373","source":"ἢ βοὸς ἢ οἰὸς κατὰ πίονα μηρία καίων","translation":"burned rich thigh pieces of an ox or a sheep for you","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l373.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"βοὸς","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἢ","gloss":"ox"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"οἰὸς","lemma":"ὄις","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἢ","gloss":"sheep"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"πίονα","lemma":"πίων","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μηρία","gloss":"fat"},{"surface":"μηρία","lemma":"μηρία","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καίων","gloss":"thigh pieces"},{"surface":"καίων","lemma":"καίω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εὔχετο","gloss":"burned"}]},{"number":374,"label":"374","id":"b15-l374","source":"εὔχετο νοστῆσαι, σὺ δʼ ὑπέσχεο καὶ κατένευσας,","translation":"and prayed to return home, and you promised and bowed assent,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l374.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὔχετο","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"prayed"},{"surface":"νοστῆσαι","lemma":"νοστέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of εὔχετο","gloss":"to return home"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπέσχεο","lemma":"ὑπισχνέομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"promised"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατένευσας","lemma":"κατανεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"nodded assent"}]},{"number":375,"label":"375","id":"b15-l375","source":"τῶν μνῆσαι καὶ ἄμυνον Ὀλύμπιε νηλεὲς ἦμαρ,","translation":"remember these things, Olympian, and ward off the pitiless day;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l375.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of μνῆσαι","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"μνῆσαι","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"remember"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄμυνον","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ward off"},{"surface":"Ὀλύμπιε","lemma":"Ὀλύμπιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Olympian"},{"surface":"νηλεὲς","lemma":"νηλής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦμαρ","gloss":"pitiless"},{"surface":"ἦμαρ","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἄμυνον","gloss":"day"}]},{"number":376,"label":"376","id":"b15-l376","source":"μηδʼ οὕτω Τρώεσσιν ἔα δάμνασθαι Ἀχαιούς.","translation":"do not let the Trojans crush the Achaeans so.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l376.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὕτω","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔα","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσιν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔα","gloss":"by the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἔα","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"δάμνασθαι","lemma":"δάμνημι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἔα","gloss":"to be crushed"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δάμνασθαι","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":377,"label":"377","id":"b15-l377","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ εὐχόμενος, μέγα δʼ ἔκτυπε μητίετα Ζεύς,","translation":"So he spoke in prayer, and Zeus the counselor thundered loud,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l377.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"εὐχόμενος","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"praying"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔκτυπε","gloss":"loudly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔκτυπε","lemma":"κτυπέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"thundered"},{"surface":"μητίετα","lemma":"μητίετα","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεύς","gloss":"the counselor"},{"surface":"Ζεύς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔκτυπε","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":378,"label":"378","id":"b15-l378","source":"ἀράων ἀΐων Νηληϊάδαο γέροντος.","translation":"hearing the prayers of the old son of Neleus.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l378.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀράων","lemma":"ἀρά","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀΐων","gloss":"prayers"},{"surface":"ἀΐων","lemma":"ἀίω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔκτυπε","gloss":"hearing"},{"surface":"Νηληϊάδαο","lemma":"νηληιάδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀράων","gloss":"son of Neleus"},{"surface":"γέροντος","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Νηληϊάδαο","gloss":"old man"}]},{"number":379,"label":"379","id":"b15-l379","source":"Τρῶες δʼ ὡς ἐπύθοντο Διὸς κτύπον αἰγιόχοιο,","translation":"When the Trojans heard the thunder of aegis-bearing Zeus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l379.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Διὸς κτύπον αἰγιόχοιο","title":"Aegis-bearing Zeus","body":"αἰγίοχος names Zeus as bearer of the aegis, the divine emblem that spreads terror in battle. Here his thunder alone sends the Trojans forward with renewed force."}],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπύθοντο","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἐπύθοντο","lemma":"πυνθάνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κτύπον","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"κτύπον","lemma":"κτύπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπύθοντο","gloss":"thunder"},{"surface":"αἰγιόχοιο","lemma":"αἰγίοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"aegis-bearing"}]},{"number":380,"label":"380","id":"b15-l380","source":"μᾶλλον ἐπʼ Ἀργείοισι θόρον, μνήσαντο δὲ χάρμης.","translation":"they sprang still harder upon the Argives and remembered battle.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l380.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μᾶλλον","lemma":"μᾶλλον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θόρον","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"Ἀργείοισι","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"to Argives"},{"surface":"θόρον","lemma":"θρῴσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sprang"},{"surface":"μνήσαντο","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"remembered"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χάρμης","lemma":"χάρμη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of μνήσαντο","gloss":"battle"}]},{"number":381,"label":"381","id":"b15-l381","source":"οἳ δʼ ὥς τε μέγα κῦμα θαλάσσης εὐρυπόροιο","translation":"As a great wave of the broad-pathed sea","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l381.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καταβήσεται","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῦμα","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"κῦμα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of καταβήσεται","gloss":"a wave"},{"surface":"θαλάσσης","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies κῦμα","gloss":"of the sea"},{"surface":"εὐρυπόροιο","lemma":"εὐρύπορος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies θαλάσσης","gloss":"broad-pathed"}]},{"number":382,"label":"382","id":"b15-l382","source":"νηὸς ὑπὲρ τοίχων καταβήσεται, ὁππότʼ ἐπείγῃ","translation":"will sweep down over a ship's bulwarks when it is driven","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l382.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies τοίχων","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"ὑπὲρ","lemma":"ὑπέρ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"τοίχων","lemma":"τοῖχος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπὲρ","gloss":"bulwarks"},{"surface":"καταβήσεται","lemma":"καταβαίνω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"will sweep down"},{"surface":"ὁππότ","lemma":"ὁπότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπείγῃ","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"ἐπείγῃ","lemma":"ἐπείγω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καταβήσεται","gloss":"drives it"}]},{"number":383,"label":"383","id":"b15-l383","source":"ἲς ἀνέμου· ἣ γάρ τε μάλιστά γε κύματʼ ὀφέλλει·","translation":"by the wind's force, for that above all swells the waves,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l383.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἲς","lemma":"ἴς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐπείγῃ","gloss":"force"},{"surface":"ἀνέμου","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἲς","gloss":"wind"},{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ὀφέλλει","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάλιστά","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀφέλλει","gloss":"above all"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κύματ","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ὀφέλλει","gloss":"waves"},{"surface":"ὀφέλλει","lemma":"ὀφέλλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"swells"}]},{"number":384,"label":"384","id":"b15-l384","source":"ὣς Τρῶες μεγάλῃ ἰαχῇ κατὰ τεῖχος ἔβαινον,","translation":"so the Trojans swept over the wall with a great cry,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l384.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔβαινον","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔβαινον","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"μεγάλῃ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἰαχῇ","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ἰαχῇ","lemma":"ἰαχή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔβαινον","gloss":"a war cry"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"τεῖχος","lemma":"τεῖχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"ἔβαινον","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"}]},{"number":385,"label":"385","id":"b15-l385","source":"ἵππους δʼ εἰσελάσαντες ἐπὶ πρύμνῃσι μάχοντο","translation":"drove their horses in, and fought beside the sterns","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l385.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of εἰσελάσαντες","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἰσελάσαντες","lemma":"εἰσελαύνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to μάχοντο","gloss":"driving them in"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"πρύμνῃσι","lemma":"πρύμνα","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"sterns"},{"surface":"μάχοντο","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fought"}]},{"number":386,"label":"386","id":"b15-l386","source":"ἔγχεσιν ἀμφιγύοις αὐτοσχεδόν, οἳ μὲν ἀφʼ ἵππων,","translation":"hand to hand with double-pointed spears, some from their chariots,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l386.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔγχεσιν","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to μάχοντο","gloss":"with spears"},{"surface":"ἀμφιγύοις","lemma":"ἀμφίγυος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχεσιν","gloss":"double-pointed"},{"surface":"αὐτοσχεδόν","lemma":"αὐτοσχεδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μάχοντο","gloss":"at close quarters"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀφ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀφ̓","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":387,"label":"387","id":"b15-l387","source":"οἳ δʼ ἀπὸ νηῶν ὕψι μελαινάων ἐπιβάντες","translation":"the others mounted high upon the black ships","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l387.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπὸ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ὕψι","lemma":"ὕψι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"μελαινάων","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῶν","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"ἐπιβάντες","lemma":"ἐπιβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"mounted"}]},{"number":388,"label":"388","id":"b15-l388","source":"μακροῖσι ξυστοῖσι, τά ῥά σφʼ ἐπὶ νηυσὶν ἔκειτο","translation":"with long pikes that lay ready for them aboard,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l388.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μακροῖσι","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ξυστοῖσι","gloss":"with long"},{"surface":"ξυστοῖσι","lemma":"ξυστόν","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"pikes"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἔκειτο","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"σφ","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔκειτο","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"aboard"},{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"ἔκειτο","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ξυστοῖσι","gloss":"lay"}]},{"number":389,"label":"389","id":"b15-l389","source":"ναύμαχα κολλήεντα, κατὰ στόμα εἱμένα χαλκῷ.","translation":"weapons for sea-fighting, well-jointed and sheathed at the tip in bronze.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l389.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ναύμαχα κολλήεντα","title":"Pikes made for fighting at sea","body":"ναύμαχα describes weapons intended for combat from ships, while κολλήεντα marks their well-jointed construction. These are long boarding pikes kept on deck, not the warriors' ordinary spears."}],"words":[{"surface":"ναύμαχα","lemma":"ναύμαχος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τά","gloss":"for sea-fighting"},{"surface":"κολλήεντα","lemma":"κολλήεις","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τά","gloss":"well-jointed"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"στόμα","lemma":"στόμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"the tip"},{"surface":"εἱμένα","lemma":"ἕννυμι","morphology":"perfect passive participle, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifies τά","gloss":"sheathed"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκοῦς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἱμένα","gloss":"with bronze"}]},{"number":390,"label":"390","id":"b15-l390","source":"Πάτροκλος δʼ εἷος μὲν Ἀχαιοί τε Τρῶές τε","translation":"Now Patroclus, as long as Achaeans and Trojans","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l390.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πάτροκλος","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἷος","lemma":"εἷος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀμφεμάχοντο","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Achaeans"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τρῶές","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":391,"label":"391","id":"b15-l391","source":"τείχεος ἀμφεμάχοντο θοάων ἔκτοθι νηῶν,","translation":"fought around the wall outside the swift ships,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l391.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τείχεος","lemma":"τεῖχος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀμφεμάχοντο","gloss":"the wall"},{"surface":"ἀμφεμάχοντο","lemma":"ἀμφιμάχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to τόφῤ","gloss":"fought around"},{"surface":"θοάων","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῶν","gloss":"of the swift"},{"surface":"ἔκτοθι","lemma":"ἔκτοθι","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔκτοθι","gloss":"ships"}]},{"number":392,"label":"392","id":"b15-l392","source":"τόφρʼ ὅ γʼ ἐνὶ κλισίῃ ἀγαπήνορος Εὐρυπύλοιο","translation":"all that while sat in the hut of manly Eurypylus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l392.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόφρ","lemma":"τόφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"all that while"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κλισίῃ","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"the hut"},{"surface":"ἀγαπήνορος","lemma":"ἀγαπήνωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Εὐρυπύλοιο","gloss":"manly"},{"surface":"Εὐρυπύλοιο","lemma":"Εὐρύπυλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κλισίῃ","gloss":"of Eurypylus"}]},{"number":393,"label":"393","id":"b15-l393","source":"ἧστό τε καὶ τὸν ἔτερπε λόγοις, ἐπὶ δʼ ἕλκεϊ λυγρῷ","translation":"and cheered him with talk, while on his grievous wound","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l393.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἧστό","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"pluperfect middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was sitting"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔτερπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἔτερπε","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cheered"},{"surface":"λόγοις","lemma":"λόγος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔτερπε","gloss":"with talk"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕλκεϊ","lemma":"ἕλκος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"wound"},{"surface":"λυγρῷ","lemma":"λυγρός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἕλκεϊ","gloss":"grievous"}]},{"number":394,"label":"394","id":"b15-l394","source":"φάρμακʼ ἀκέσματʼ ἔπασσε μελαινάων ὀδυνάων.","translation":"he spread healing drugs against the dark pains.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l394.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"φάρμακʼ ἀκέσματʼ","title":"Healing drugs","body":"φάρμακα can mean drugs, herbs, or preparations with harmful or healing power; ἀκέσματα makes the sense explicit here: these are remedies laid directly on Eurypylus's wound."}],"words":[{"surface":"φάρμακ","lemma":"φάρμακον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔπασσε","gloss":"drugs"},{"surface":"ἀκέσματ","lemma":"ἄκεσμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"healing"},{"surface":"ἔπασσε","lemma":"πάσσω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spread"},{"surface":"μελαινάων","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὀδυνάων","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"ὀδυνάων","lemma":"ὀδύνη","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀκέσματ̓","gloss":"of pains"}]},{"number":395,"label":"395","id":"b15-l395","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ τεῖχος ἐπεσσυμένους ἐνόησε","translation":"But when he saw the Trojans rushing upon the wall,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l395.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀτὰρ","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τεῖχος","lemma":"τεῖχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπεσσυμένους","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"ἐπεσσυμένους","lemma":"ἐπισεύω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"rushing upon"},{"surface":"ἐνόησε","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἀτὰρ","gloss":"saw"}]},{"number":396,"label":"396","id":"b15-l396","source":"Τρῶας, ἀτὰρ Δαναῶν γένετο ἰαχή τε φόβος τε,","translation":"and a cry and rout arose among the Danaans,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l396.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶας","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνόησε","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Δαναῶν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"of the Danaans"},{"surface":"γένετο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἀτὰρ","gloss":"arose"},{"surface":"ἰαχή","lemma":"ἰαχή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"cry"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φόβος","lemma":"φόβος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"rout"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":397,"label":"397","id":"b15-l397","source":"ᾤμωξέν τʼ ἄρʼ ἔπειτα καὶ ὣ πεπλήγετο μηρὼ","translation":"then he groaned aloud and struck both his thighs","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l397.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ᾤμωξέν","lemma":"οἰμώζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"groaned"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ᾤμωξέν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὣ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative dual masculine pronoun","role":"modifies μηρὼ","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"πεπλήγετο","lemma":"πλήσσω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"μηρὼ","lemma":"μηρός","morphology":"accusative dual masculine noun","role":"object of πεπλήγετο","gloss":"his thighs"}]},{"number":398,"label":"398","id":"b15-l398","source":"χερσὶ καταπρηνέσσʼ, ὀλοφυρόμενος δʼ ἔπος ηὔδα·","translation":"with hands outstretched, and lamenting he spoke:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l398.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to πεπλήγετο","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"καταπρηνέσσ","lemma":"καταπρηνής","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χερσὶ","gloss":"outstretched"},{"surface":"ὀλοφυρόμενος","lemma":"ὀλοφύρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"lamenting"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":399,"label":"399","id":"b15-l399","source":"Εὐρύπυλʼ οὐκ ἔτι τοι δύναμαι χατέοντί περʼ ἔμπης","translation":"\"Eurypylus, though you are in need, I can no longer","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l399.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Εὐρύπυλ","lemma":"Εὐρύπυλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Eurypylus"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δύναμαι","gloss":"any longer"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of παρμενέμεν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δύναμαι","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"i can"},{"surface":"χατέοντί","lemma":"χατέω","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"though needing help"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"περ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἔμπης","lemma":"ἔμπας","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"still"}]},{"number":400,"label":"400","id":"b15-l400","source":"ἐνθάδε παρμενέμεν· δὴ γὰρ μέγα νεῖκος ὄρωρεν·","translation":"remain here beside you; a great struggle has now arisen.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l400.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐνθάδε","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παρμενέμεν","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"παρμενέμεν","lemma":"παραμένω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of δύναμαι","gloss":"remain beside you","note":"Epic infinitive in -men, completing 'i can no longer.'"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies νεῖκος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"νεῖκος","lemma":"νεῖκος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ὄρωρεν","gloss":"strife"},{"surface":"ὄρωρεν","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has arisen"}]},{"number":401,"label":"401","id":"b15-l401","source":"ἀλλὰ σὲ μὲν θεράπων ποτιτερπέτω, αὐτὰρ ἔγωγε","translation":"Let an attendant tend you, while I","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l401.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σὲ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ποτιτερπέτω","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"θεράπων","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ποτιτερπέτω","gloss":"attendant"},{"surface":"ποτιτερπέτω","lemma":"προστέρπω","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let tend"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"ἔγωγε","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of σπεύσομαι","gloss":"i"}]},{"number":402,"label":"402","id":"b15-l402","source":"σπεύσομαι εἰς Ἀχιλῆα, ἵνʼ ὀτρύνω πολεμίζειν.","translation":"hurry to Achilles, to urge him on to war.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l402.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σπεύσομαι","lemma":"σπεύδω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"i will hurry"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆα","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"ἵν","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ὀτρύνω","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵν̓","gloss":"i may urge"},{"surface":"πολεμίζειν","lemma":"πολεμίζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ὀτρύνω","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":403,"label":"403","id":"b15-l403","source":"τίς δʼ οἶδʼ εἴ κέν οἱ σὺν δαίμονι θυμὸν ὀρίνω","translation":"Who knows whether, with a god's aid, I may stir his spirit","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l403.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of οἶδ̓","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἶδ","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"knows"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies θυμὸν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"δαίμονι","lemma":"δαίμων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀρίνω","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"ὀρίνω","lemma":"ὀρίνω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"object of εἴ","gloss":"i may stir"}]},{"number":404,"label":"404","id":"b15-l404","source":"παρειπών; ἀγαθὴ δὲ παραίφασίς ἐστιν ἑταίρου.","translation":"by persuasion? A companion's urging is a good thing.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l404.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παρειπών","lemma":"παρεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὀρίνω","gloss":"by persuasion"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὴ","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παραίφασίς","lemma":"παραίφασις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐστιν","gloss":"urging"},{"surface":"ἐστιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ἑταίρου","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies παραίφασίς","gloss":"comrade"}]},{"number":405,"label":"405","id":"b15-l405","source":"τὸν μὲν ἄρʼ ὣς εἰπόντα πόδες φέρον· αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"So he spoke, and his feet bore him away; but the Achaeans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l405.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of φέρον","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπόντα","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπόντα","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"πόδες","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of φέρον","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"φέρον","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried him"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of μένον","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":406,"label":"406","id":"b15-l406","source":"Τρῶας ἐπερχομένους μένον ἔμπεδον, οὐδʼ ἐδύναντο","translation":"stood firm against the oncoming Trojans, yet could not","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l406.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶας","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μένον","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ἐπερχομένους","lemma":"ἐπέρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"advancing"},{"surface":"μένον","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood firm"},{"surface":"ἔμπεδον","lemma":"ἔμπεδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to μένον","gloss":"steadfast"},{"surface":"ἐδύναντο","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"could"}]},{"number":407,"label":"407","id":"b15-l407","source":"παυροτέρους περ ἐόντας ἀπώσασθαι παρὰ νηῶν·","translation":"drive them back from the ships, though the Trojans were fewer;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l407.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παυροτέρους","lemma":"παῦρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"fewer"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἐόντας","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπώσασθαι","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"ἀπώσασθαι","lemma":"ἀπωθέω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ἐδύναντο","gloss":"drive back"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of παρὰ","gloss":"ships"}]},{"number":408,"label":"408","id":"b15-l408","source":"οὐδέ ποτε Τρῶες Δαναῶν ἐδύναντο φάλαγγας","translation":"nor could the Trojans ever break the Danaans' battle lines","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l408.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ποτε","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἐδύναντο","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐδύναντο","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"Δαναῶν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies φάλαγγας","gloss":"of the Danaans"},{"surface":"ἐδύναντο","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"φάλαγγας","lemma":"φάλαγξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ῥηξάμενοι","gloss":"battalions"}]},{"number":409,"label":"409","id":"b15-l409","source":"ῥηξάμενοι κλισίῃσι μιγήμεναι ἠδὲ νέεσσιν.","translation":"and mingle among their huts and ships.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l409.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥηξάμενοι","lemma":"ῥήγνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to μιγήμεναι","gloss":"breaking through"},{"surface":"κλισίῃσι","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"huts"},{"surface":"μιγήμεναι","lemma":"μίγνυμι","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"object of ἐδύναντο","gloss":"to mingle"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νέεσσιν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"ships"}]},{"number":410,"label":"410","id":"b15-l410","source":"ἀλλʼ ὥς τε στάθμη δόρυ νήϊον ἐξιθύνει","translation":"But as a carpenter's line straightens a ship's timber","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l410.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐξιθύνει","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"στάθμη","lemma":"στάθμη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐξιθύνει","gloss":"carpenter's line"},{"surface":"δόρυ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξιθύνει","gloss":"timber"},{"surface":"νήϊον","lemma":"νήιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δόρυ","gloss":"for a ship"},{"surface":"ἐξιθύνει","lemma":"ἐξιθύνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὣς","gloss":"straightens"}]},{"number":411,"label":"411","id":"b15-l411","source":"τέκτονος ἐν παλάμῃσι δαήμονος, ὅς ῥά τε πάσης","translation":"in the hands of a skilled carpenter, one who","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l411.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τέκτονος","lemma":"τέκτων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies παλάμῃσι","gloss":"of a carpenter"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"παλάμῃσι","lemma":"παλάμη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"δαήμονος","lemma":"δαήμων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τέκτονος","gloss":"skilled"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἰδῇ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πάσης","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies σοφίης","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":412,"label":"412","id":"b15-l412","source":"εὖ εἰδῇ σοφίης ὑποθημοσύνῃσιν Ἀθήνης,","translation":"knows every craft well through Athena's teachings,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l412.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰδῇ","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"εἰδῇ","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τέκτονος","gloss":"he knows"},{"surface":"σοφίης","lemma":"σοφία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰδῇ","gloss":"craft"},{"surface":"ὑποθημοσύνῃσιν","lemma":"ὑποθημοσύνη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to εἰδῇ","gloss":"through instruction"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνης","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ὑποθημοσύνῃσιν","gloss":"Athena's"}]},{"number":413,"label":"413","id":"b15-l413","source":"ὣς μὲν τῶν ἐπὶ ἶσα μάχη τέτατο πτόλεμός τε·","translation":"so evenly for them were battle and war stretched taut,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l413.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τέτατο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"of these"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"between them"},{"surface":"ἶσα","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to τέτατο","gloss":"evenly"},{"surface":"μάχη","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"τέτατο","lemma":"τείνω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was stretched taut"},{"surface":"πτόλεμός","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":414,"label":"414","id":"b15-l414","source":"ἄλλοι δʼ ἀμφʼ ἄλλῃσι μάχην ἐμάχοντο νέεσσιν,","translation":"while different men fought around different ships.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l414.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐμάχοντο","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"ἄλλῃσι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νέεσσιν","gloss":"different"},{"surface":"μάχην","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐμάχοντο","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"ἐμάχοντο","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fought"},{"surface":"νέεσσιν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφ̓","gloss":"ships"}]},{"number":415,"label":"415","id":"b15-l415","source":"Ἕκτωρ δʼ ἄντʼ Αἴαντος ἐείσατο κυδαλίμοιο.","translation":"But Hector went straight against glorious Ajax.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l415.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κυδαλίμοιο","title":"Glorious Ajax","body":"κυδάλιμος marks Ajax as possessed of κῦδος, the visible glory or prestige won through success in battle. The adjective heightens the direct contest between the two champions."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐείσατο","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄντ","lemma":"ἄντα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"straight against"},{"surface":"Αἴαντος","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄντ̓","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"ἐείσατο","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"κυδαλίμοιο","lemma":"κυδάλιμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴαντος","gloss":"glorious"}]},{"number":416,"label":"416","id":"b15-l416","source":"τὼ δὲ μιῆς περὶ νηὸς ἔχον πόνον, οὐδὲ δύναντο","translation":"The two labored over a single ship, and neither could","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l416.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔχον","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιῆς","lemma":"εἷς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηὸς","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"νηὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"ἔχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"labored"},{"surface":"πόνον","lemma":"πόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχον","gloss":"toil"},{"surface":"δύναντο","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"could"}]},{"number":417,"label":"417","id":"b15-l417","source":"οὔθʼ ὃ τὸν ἐξελάσαι καὶ ἐνιπρῆσαι πυρὶ νῆα","translation":"Hector drive Ajax off and burn the ship with fire,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l417.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔθ","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐξελάσαι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἐξελάσαι","lemma":"ἐξελαύνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"drive off"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνιπρῆσαι","lemma":"ἐμπίμπρημι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to set ablaze"},{"surface":"πυρὶ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνιπρῆσαι","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"νῆα","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐνιπρῆσαι","gloss":"a ship"}]},{"number":418,"label":"418","id":"b15-l418","source":"οὔθʼ ὃ τὸν ἂψ ὤσασθαι, ἐπεί ῥʼ ἐπέλασσέ γε δαίμων.","translation":"nor Ajax thrust Hector back, since a god had brought him near.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l418.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔθ","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὤσασθαι","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὤσασθαι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ὤσασθαι","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ὤσασθαι","lemma":"ὠθέω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of οὔθ̓","gloss":"thrust back"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπέλασσέ","lemma":"ἐπελαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"brought near"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δαίμων","lemma":"δαίμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπέλασσέ","gloss":"a god"}]},{"number":419,"label":"419","id":"b15-l419","source":"ἔνθʼ υἷα Κλυτίοιο Καλήτορα φαίδιμος Αἴας","translation":"Then glorious Ajax struck Caletor, son of Clytius,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l419.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βάλε","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"υἷα","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Καλήτορα","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Κλυτίοιο","lemma":"Κλυτίος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἷα","gloss":"Clytius"},{"surface":"Καλήτορα","lemma":"Καλήτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"Caletor"},{"surface":"φαίδιμος","lemma":"φαίδιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βάλε","gloss":"Ajax"}]},{"number":420,"label":"420","id":"b15-l420","source":"πῦρ ἐς νῆα φέροντα κατὰ στῆθος βάλε δουρί.","translation":"in the chest with his spear as he carried fire toward the ship.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l420.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πῦρ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of φέροντα","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆα","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"a ship"},{"surface":"φέροντα","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"carrying"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στῆθος","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"δουρί","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to βάλε","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":421,"label":"421","id":"b15-l421","source":"δούπησεν δὲ πεσών, δαλὸς δέ οἱ ἔκπεσε χειρός.","translation":"He fell with a thud, and the firebrand dropped from his hand.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l421.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δούπησεν","lemma":"δουπέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell with a thud"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πεσών","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δούπησεν","gloss":"falling"},{"surface":"δαλὸς","lemma":"δαλός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔκπεσε","gloss":"brand"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies χειρός","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἔκπεσε","lemma":"ἐκπίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"χειρός","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔκπεσε","gloss":"from his hand"}]},{"number":422,"label":"422","id":"b15-l422","source":"Ἕκτωρ δʼ ὡς ἐνόησεν ἀνεψιὸν ὀφθαλμοῖσιν","translation":"When Hector saw with his own eyes his cousin","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l422.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐκέκλετο","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐνόησεν","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἐνόησεν","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐκέκλετο","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"ἀνεψιὸν","lemma":"ἀνεψιός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνόησεν","gloss":"the cousin"},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμοῖσιν","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνόησεν","gloss":"with his eyes"}]},{"number":423,"label":"423","id":"b15-l423","source":"ἐν κονίῃσι πεσόντα νεὸς προπάροιθε μελαίνης,","translation":"fallen in the dust before the black ship,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l423.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κονίῃσι","lemma":"κονία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the dust"},{"surface":"πεσόντα","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"fallen"},{"surface":"νεὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to προπάροιθε","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"προπάροιθε","lemma":"προπάροιθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"μελαίνης","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νεὸς","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":424,"label":"424","id":"b15-l424","source":"Τρωσί τε καὶ Λυκίοισιν ἐκέκλετο μακρὸν ἀΰσας·","translation":"he called to the Trojans and Lycians with a long shout:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l424.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρωσί","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Λυκίοισιν","lemma":"Λύκιοι","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Lycians"},{"surface":"ἐκέκλετο","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"μακρὸν","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀΰσας","gloss":"loudly"},{"surface":"ἀΰσας","lemma":"αὔω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐκέκλετο","gloss":"shouting"}]},{"number":425,"label":"425","id":"b15-l425","source":"Τρῶες καὶ Λύκιοι καὶ Δάρδανοι ἀγχιμαχηταὶ","translation":"\"Trojans and Lycians and Dardanians, close fighters,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l425.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Λύκιοι","lemma":"Λύκιοι","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Lycians"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Δάρδανοι","lemma":"Δάρδανος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Dardanians"},{"surface":"ἀγχιμαχηταὶ","lemma":"ἀγχιμαχητής","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Δάρδανοι","gloss":"close-fighting"}]},{"number":426,"label":"426","id":"b15-l426","source":"μὴ δή πω χάζεσθε μάχης ἐν στείνεϊ τῷδε,","translation":"do not yet give ground in battle within this narrow place,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l426.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πω","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to χάζεσθε","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"χάζεσθε","lemma":"χάζω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"give ground"},{"surface":"μάχης","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of χάζεσθε","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στείνεϊ","lemma":"στεῖνος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"narrow place"},{"surface":"τῷδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"dative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies στείνεϊ","gloss":"this"}]},{"number":427,"label":"427","id":"b15-l427","source":"ἀλλʼ υἷα Κλυτίοιο σαώσατε, μή μιν Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"but save the son of Clytius before the Achaeans are able","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l427.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"υἷα","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of σαώσατε","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Κλυτίοιο","lemma":"Κλυτίος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἷα","gloss":"Clytius"},{"surface":"σαώσατε","lemma":"σώζω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"save"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of συλήσωσι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of συλήσωσι","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":428,"label":"428","id":"b15-l428","source":"τεύχεα συλήσωσι νεῶν ἐν ἀγῶνι πεσόντα.","translation":"to strip his armor where he fell in the gathering at the ships.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l428.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of συλήσωσι","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"συλήσωσι","lemma":"συλάω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to μή","gloss":"may strip"},{"surface":"νεῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀγῶνι","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἀγῶνι","lemma":"ἀγών","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"gathering"},{"surface":"πεσόντα","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"fallen"}]},{"number":429,"label":"429","id":"b15-l429","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν Αἴαντος ἀκόντισε δουρὶ φαεινῷ.","translation":"So speaking, he cast his shining spear at Ajax.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l429.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀκόντισε","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"Αἴαντος","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀκόντισε","gloss":"at Ajax"},{"surface":"ἀκόντισε","lemma":"ἀκοντίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀκόντισε","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"φαεινῷ","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δουρὶ","gloss":"shining"}]},{"number":430,"label":"430","id":"b15-l430","source":"τοῦ μὲν ἅμαρθʼ, ὃ δʼ ἔπειτα Λυκόφρονα Μάστορος υἱὸν","translation":"He missed him, but then struck Lycophron, son of Mastor,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l430.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἅμαρθ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἅμαρθ","lemma":"ἁμαρτάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"missed"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔβαλεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔβαλεν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Λυκόφρονα","lemma":"Λυκόφρων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"Lycophron"},{"surface":"Μάστορος","lemma":"Μάστωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"Mastor's"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Λυκόφρονα","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":431,"label":"431","id":"b15-l431","source":"Αἴαντος θεράποντα Κυθήριον, ὅς ῥα παρʼ αὐτῷ","translation":"Ajax's attendant from Cythera, who lived with him","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l431.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἴαντος","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θεράποντα","gloss":"Ajax's"},{"surface":"θεράποντα","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Λυκόφρονα","gloss":"attendant"},{"surface":"Κυθήριον","lemma":"Κυθήριος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεράποντα","gloss":"from Cythera"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ναῖ̓","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to παῤ","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":432,"label":"432","id":"b15-l432","source":"ναῖʼ, ἐπεὶ ἄνδρα κατέκτα Κυθήροισι ζαθέοισι,","translation":"because he had killed a man in sacred Cythera.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l432.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ναῖ","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Λυκόφρονα","gloss":"lived"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κατέκτα","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"κατέκτα","lemma":"κατακτείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"Κυθήροισι","lemma":"Κύθηρα","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κατέκτα","gloss":"Cythera"},{"surface":"ζαθέοισι","lemma":"ζάθεος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies Κυθήροισι","gloss":"holy"}]},{"number":433,"label":"433","id":"b15-l433","source":"τόν ῥʼ ἔβαλεν κεφαλὴν ὑπὲρ οὔατος ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ","translation":"Hector struck him in the head above the ear with sharp bronze","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l433.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔβαλεν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"κεφαλὴν","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔβαλεν","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"ὑπὲρ","lemma":"ὑπέρ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"οὔατος","lemma":"οὖς","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὲρ","gloss":"ear"},{"surface":"ὀξέϊ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκῷ","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔβαλεν","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":434,"label":"434","id":"b15-l434","source":"ἑσταότʼ ἄγχʼ Αἴαντος· ὃ δʼ ὕπτιος ἐν κονίῃσι","translation":"as he stood close beside Ajax; backward into the dust","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l434.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑσταότ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"ἄγχ","lemma":"ἄγχι","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"Αἴαντος","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἄγχ̓","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πέσε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὕπτιος","lemma":"ὕπτιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"backward"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κονίῃσι","lemma":"κονία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the dust"}]},{"number":435,"label":"435","id":"b15-l435","source":"νηὸς ἄπο πρυμνῆς χαμάδις πέσε, λύντο δὲ γυῖα.","translation":"he fell from the ship's stern to the ground, and his limbs gave way.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l435.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἄπο","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"ἄπο","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πρυμνῆς","lemma":"πρυμνός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηὸς","gloss":"stern"},{"surface":"χαμάδις","lemma":"χαμάδις","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of πέσε","gloss":"to the ground"},{"surface":"πέσε","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"λύντο","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave way"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γυῖα","lemma":"γυῖον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of λύντο","gloss":"limbs"}]},{"number":436,"label":"436","id":"b15-l436","source":"Αἴας δʼ ἐρρίγησε, κασίγνητον δὲ προσηύδα·","translation":"Ajax shuddered and addressed his brother:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l436.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐρρίγησε","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐρρίγησε","lemma":"ῥιγέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shuddered"},{"surface":"κασίγνητον","lemma":"κασίγνητος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"his brother"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":437,"label":"437","id":"b15-l437","source":"Τεῦκρε πέπον δὴ νῶϊν ἀπέκτατο πιστὸς ἑταῖρος","translation":"\"Teucer, dear heart, a faithful companion of ours is dead,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l437.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τεῦκρε","lemma":"Τεῦκρος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Teucer"},{"surface":"πέπον","lemma":"πέπων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τεῦκρε","gloss":"friend"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νῶϊν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative dual masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀπέκτατο","gloss":"to us two"},{"surface":"ἀπέκτατο","lemma":"ἀποκτείνω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is dead"},{"surface":"πιστὸς","lemma":"πιστός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖρος","gloss":"trusty"},{"surface":"ἑταῖρος","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Μαστορίδης","gloss":"comrade"}]},{"number":438,"label":"438","id":"b15-l438","source":"Μαστορίδης, ὃν νῶϊ Κυθηρόθεν ἔνδον ἐόντα","translation":"Mastor's son, whom, when he came from Cythera and lived with us,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l438.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μαστορίδης","lemma":"Μαστορίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπέκτατο","gloss":"Mastor's son"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐτίομεν","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"νῶϊ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐτίομεν","gloss":"we two"},{"surface":"Κυθηρόθεν","lemma":"Κυθήροθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐόντα","gloss":"from Cythera"},{"surface":"ἔνδον","lemma":"ἔνδον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐόντα","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":439,"label":"439","id":"b15-l439","source":"ἶσα φίλοισι τοκεῦσιν ἐτίομεν ἐν μεγάροισι·","translation":"we honored in our halls as we honor our own parents.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l439.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἶσα","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐτίομεν","gloss":"equal"},{"surface":"φίλοισι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τοκεῦσιν","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"τοκεῦσιν","lemma":"τοκεύς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἶσα","gloss":"parents"},{"surface":"ἐτίομεν","lemma":"τίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Μαστορίδης","gloss":"we honored"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισι","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"halls"}]},{"number":440,"label":"440","id":"b15-l440","source":"τὸν δʼ Ἕκτωρ μεγάθυμος ἀπέκτανε. ποῦ νύ τοι ἰοὶ","translation":"Great-hearted Hector has killed him. Where now are your","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l440.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπέκτανε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπέκτανε","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"μεγάθυμος","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"ἀπέκτανε","lemma":"ἀποκτείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"ποῦ","lemma":"ποῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἰοὶ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἰοὶ","lemma":"ἰός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"arrows"}]},{"number":441,"label":"441","id":"b15-l441","source":"ὠκύμοροι καὶ τόξον ὅ τοι πόρε Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων;","translation":"swift-fatal arrows and the bow Phoebus Apollo gave you?\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l441.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὠκύμοροι","lemma":"ὠκύμορος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἰοὶ","gloss":"swift-fatal"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τόξον","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"bow"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of πόρε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πόρε","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"πόρε","lemma":"πόρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τόξον","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"Φοῖβος","lemma":"Φοῖβος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"Phoebus"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πόρε","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":442,"label":"442","id":"b15-l442","source":"ὣς φάθʼ, ὃ δὲ ξυνέηκε, θέων δέ οἱ ἄγχι παρέστη,","translation":"So he spoke; Teucer understood and ran to stand beside him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l442.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάθ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ξυνέηκε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ξυνέηκε","lemma":"συνίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"understood"},{"surface":"θέων","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to παρέστη","gloss":"running"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἄγχι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἄγχι","lemma":"ἄγχι","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"παρέστη","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood beside him"}]},{"number":443,"label":"443","id":"b15-l443","source":"τόξον ἔχων ἐν χειρὶ παλίντονον ἠδὲ φαρέτρην","translation":"holding in his hand his recurved bow and a quiver","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l443.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόξον","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"bow"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to παρέστη","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χειρὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"παλίντονον","lemma":"παλίντονος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τόξον","gloss":"recurved"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φαρέτρην","lemma":"φαρέτρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"quiver"}]},{"number":444,"label":"444","id":"b15-l444","source":"ἰοδόκον· μάλα δʼ ὦκα βέλεα Τρώεσσιν ἐφίει.","translation":"that held his arrows; very swiftly he shot among the Trojans.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l444.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἰοδόκον","lemma":"ἰοδόκος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies φαρέτρην","gloss":"holding arrows"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὦκα","lemma":"ὦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐφίει","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"βέλεα","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐφίει","gloss":"arrows"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσιν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐφίει","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἐφίει","lemma":"ἐφίημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shot"}]},{"number":445,"label":"445","id":"b15-l445","source":"καί ῥʼ ἔβαλε Κλεῖτον Πεισήνορος ἀγλαὸν υἱὸν","translation":"He struck Clitus, the splendid son of Pisenor,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l445.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔβαλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"Κλεῖτον","lemma":"Κλεῖτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔβαλε","gloss":"Clitus"},{"surface":"Πεισήνορος","lemma":"Πεισήνωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"Pisenor's"},{"surface":"ἀγλαὸν","lemma":"ἀγλαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Κλεῖτον","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":446,"label":"446","id":"b15-l446","source":"Πουλυδάμαντος ἑταῖρον ἀγαυοῦ Πανθοΐδαο","translation":"companion of Polydamas, the noble son of Panthous,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l446.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πουλυδάμαντος","lemma":"Πουλυδάμας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἑταῖρον","gloss":"of Polydamas"},{"surface":"ἑταῖρον","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Κλεῖτον","gloss":"companion"},{"surface":"ἀγαυοῦ","lemma":"ἀγαυός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πανθοΐδαο","gloss":"of glorious"},{"surface":"Πανθοΐδαο","lemma":"Πανθοίδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πουλυδάμαντος","gloss":"son of Panthous"}]},{"number":447,"label":"447","id":"b15-l447","source":"ἡνία χερσὶν ἔχοντα· ὃ μὲν πεπόνητο καθʼ ἵππους·","translation":"as he held the reins in his hands, intent upon the horses;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l447.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡνία","lemma":"ἡνία","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχοντα","gloss":"reins"},{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔχοντα","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἔχοντα","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πεπόνητο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πεπόνητο","lemma":"πονέω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was intent"},{"surface":"καθ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καθ̓","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":448,"label":"448","id":"b15-l448","source":"τῇ γὰρ ἔχʼ ᾗ ῥα πολὺ πλεῖσται κλονέοντο φάλαγγες","translation":"For he steered where by far the most battle lines were driven","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l448.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"τῇ","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἔχ̓","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔχ","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"steered"},{"surface":"ᾗ","lemma":"ᾗ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κλονέοντο","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to πλεῖσται","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"πλεῖσται","lemma":"πλεῖστος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φάλαγγες","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"κλονέοντο","lemma":"κλονέω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to τῇ","gloss":"were driven"},{"surface":"φάλαγγες","lemma":"φάλαγξ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of κλονέοντο","gloss":"battalions"}]},{"number":449,"label":"449","id":"b15-l449","source":"Ἕκτορι καὶ Τρώεσσι χαριζόμενος· τάχα δʼ αὐτῷ","translation":"to win favor with Hector and the Trojans; but swiftly evil","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l449.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορι","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"χαριζόμενος","lemma":"χαρίζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κλονέοντο","gloss":"to please"},{"surface":"τάχα","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἦλθε","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":450,"label":"450","id":"b15-l450","source":"ἦλθε κακόν, τό οἱ οὔ τις ἐρύκακεν ἱεμένων περ.","translation":"came upon him, and none could ward it off, though they strove.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l450.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"κακόν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"subject of ἦλθε","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"τό","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἐρύκακεν","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐρύκακεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐρύκακεν","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ἐρύκακεν","lemma":"ἐρύκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing κακόν","gloss":"warded off"},{"surface":"ἱεμένων","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐρύκακεν","gloss":"striving"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"}]},{"number":451,"label":"451","id":"b15-l451","source":"αὐχένι γάρ οἱ ὄπισθε πολύστονος ἔμπεσεν ἰός·","translation":"For the grief-bringing arrow struck the back of his neck.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l451.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πολύστονος","title":"An arrow of many groans","body":"πολύστονος literally means \"causing many groans\" or \"much-lamented.\" Applied to the arrow, it anticipates both the pain of its strike and the grief caused by Clitus's death."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐχένι","lemma":"αὐχήν","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔμπεσεν","gloss":"in the neck"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies αὐχένι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ὄπισθε","lemma":"ὄπισθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔμπεσεν","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"πολύστονος","lemma":"πολύστονος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἰός","gloss":"grief-bringing"},{"surface":"ἔμπεσεν","lemma":"ἐμπίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell upon"},{"surface":"ἰός","lemma":"ἰός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔμπεσεν","gloss":"arrow"}]},{"number":452,"label":"452","id":"b15-l452","source":"ἤριπε δʼ ἐξ ὀχέων, ὑπερώησαν δέ οἱ ἵπποι","translation":"He fell from the chariot, and his swift-footed horses swerved away,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l452.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤριπε","lemma":"ἐρείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὀχέων","lemma":"ὄχος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"the chariot"},{"surface":"ὑπερώησαν","lemma":"ὑπερωέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"swerved away"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ὑπερώησαν","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":453,"label":"453","id":"b15-l453","source":"κείνʼ ὄχεα κροτέοντες. ἄναξ δʼ ἐνόησε τάχιστα","translation":"rattling the empty car. Lord Polydamas saw it at once","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l453.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κείν","lemma":"κενός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὄχεα","gloss":"empty"},{"surface":"ὄχεα","lemma":"ὄχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of κροτέοντες","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"κροτέοντες","lemma":"κροτέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ὑπερώησαν","gloss":"rattling"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πουλυδάμας","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνόησε","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"τάχιστα","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐνόησε","gloss":"at once"}]},{"number":454,"label":"454","id":"b15-l454","source":"Πουλυδάμας, καὶ πρῶτος ἐναντίος ἤλυθεν ἵππων.","translation":"and was the first to come before the horses.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l454.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πουλυδάμας","lemma":"Πουλυδάμας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐνόησε","gloss":"Polydamas"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πρῶτος","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ἐναντίος","lemma":"ἐναντίος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"facing him"},{"surface":"ἤλυθεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐναντίος","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":455,"label":"455","id":"b15-l455","source":"τοὺς μὲν ὅ γʼ Ἀστυνόῳ Προτιάονος υἱέϊ δῶκε,","translation":"He gave them to Astynous, son of Protiaon,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l455.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of δῶκε","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δῶκε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ἀστυνόῳ","lemma":"Ἀστύνοος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δῶκε","gloss":"Astynous"},{"surface":"Προτιάονος","lemma":"Προτιάων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱέϊ","gloss":"Protiaon's"},{"surface":"υἱέϊ","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀστυνόῳ","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"δῶκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"}]},{"number":456,"label":"456","id":"b15-l456","source":"πολλὰ δʼ ἐπότρυνε σχεδὸν ἴσχειν εἰσορόωντα","translation":"and urgently told him to keep close and watch","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l456.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπότρυνε","gloss":"urgently"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπότρυνε","lemma":"ἐποτρύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urged"},{"surface":"σχεδὸν","lemma":"σχεδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴσχειν","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἴσχειν","lemma":"ἴσχω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐπότρυνε","gloss":"keep close"},{"surface":"εἰσορόωντα","lemma":"εἰσοράω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἴσχειν","gloss":"watching"}]},{"number":457,"label":"457","id":"b15-l457","source":"ἵππους· αὐτὸς δʼ αὖτις ἰὼν προμάχοισιν ἐμίχθη.","translation":"the horses; then he went back and joined the foremost fighters.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l457.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of εἰσορόωντα","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἰὼν","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἰὼν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐμίχθη","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"προμάχοισιν","lemma":"πρόμαχος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐμίχθη","gloss":"foremost fighters"},{"surface":"ἐμίχθη","lemma":"μίγνυμι","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"joined"}]},{"number":458,"label":"458","id":"b15-l458","source":"Τεῦκρος δʼ ἄλλον ὀϊστὸν ἐφʼ Ἕκτορι χαλκοκορυστῇ","translation":"Teucer drew another arrow against bronze-helmed Hector,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l458.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τεῦκρος","lemma":"Τεῦκρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of αἴνυτο","gloss":"Teucer"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλον","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀϊστὸν","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"ὀϊστὸν","lemma":"ὀιστός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of αἴνυτο","gloss":"arrow"},{"surface":"ἐφ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορι","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐφ̓","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"χαλκοκορυστῇ","lemma":"χαλκοκορυστής","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορι","gloss":"bronze-helmed"}]},{"number":459,"label":"459","id":"b15-l459","source":"αἴνυτο, καί κεν ἔπαυσε μάχης ἐπὶ νηυσὶν Ἀχαιῶν,","translation":"and would have ended the battle beside the Achaean ships","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l459.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἴνυτο","lemma":"αἴνυμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was drawing"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἔπαυσε","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ended"},{"surface":"μάχης","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔπαυσε","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies νηυσὶν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":460,"label":"460","id":"b15-l460","source":"εἴ μιν ἀριστεύοντα βαλὼν ἐξείλετο θυμόν.","translation":"if he had struck him as he fought foremost and taken away his life.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l460.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of βαλὼν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἀριστεύοντα","lemma":"ἀριστεύω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"fighting foremost"},{"surface":"βαλὼν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐξείλετο","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ἐξείλετο","lemma":"ἐξαιρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"had taken"},{"surface":"θυμόν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξείλετο","gloss":"life"}]},{"number":461,"label":"461","id":"b15-l461","source":"ἀλλʼ οὐ λῆθε Διὸς πυκινὸν νόον, ὅς ῥʼ ἐφύλασσεν","translation":"But Teucer did not escape the close-knit mind of Zeus, who guarded","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l461.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Διὸς πυκινὸν νόον","title":"The close-knit mind of Zeus","body":"πυκινός can describe something dense, compact, or firmly constructed. With νόος it presents Zeus's purpose as tightly formed and difficult to evade: Teucer's shot cannot slip past it."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"λῆθε","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"escaped notice"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies νόον","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"πυκινὸν","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies νόον","gloss":"close-knit"},{"surface":"νόον","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λῆθε","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀτὰρ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐφύλασσεν","lemma":"φυλάσσω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀτὰρ","gloss":"guarded"}]},{"number":462,"label":"462","id":"b15-l462","source":"Ἕκτορʼ, ἀτὰρ Τεῦκρον Τελαμώνιον εὖχος ἀπηύρα,","translation":"Hector, but robbed Telamonian Teucer of glory.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l462.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐφύλασσεν","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Τεῦκρον","lemma":"Τεῦκρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπηύρα","gloss":"Teucer"},{"surface":"Τελαμώνιον","lemma":"Τελαμώνιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τεῦκρον","gloss":"Telamonian"},{"surface":"εὖχος","lemma":"εὖχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπηύρα","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ἀπηύρα","lemma":"ἀπαυράω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀτὰρ","gloss":"he took away"}]},{"number":463,"label":"463","id":"b15-l463","source":"ὅς οἱ ἐϋστρεφέα νευρὴν ἐν ἀμύμονι τόξῳ","translation":"For Zeus snapped the well-twisted string on his blameless bow","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l463.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐϋστρεφέα νευρὴν","title":"A well-twisted bowstring","body":"νευρή is the bowstring, here called ἐϋστρεφής, well twisted from its fibers or sinew. Zeus breaks this small but essential part of Teucer's weapon at the instant of release."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ῥῆξ̓","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ῥῆξ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἐϋστρεφέα","lemma":"ἐυστρεφής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νευρὴν","gloss":"well-twisted"},{"surface":"νευρὴν","lemma":"νευρή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ῥῆξ̓","gloss":"string"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ἀμύμονι","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τόξῳ","gloss":"blameless"},{"surface":"τόξῳ","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐν","gloss":"with his bow"}]},{"number":464,"label":"464","id":"b15-l464","source":"ῥῆξʼ ἐπὶ τῷ ἐρύοντι· παρεπλάγχθη δέ οἱ ἄλλῃ","translation":"as he drew it; aside in another direction veered","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l464.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥῆξ","lemma":"ῥήγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Διὸς","gloss":"snapped"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"with him"},{"surface":"ἐρύοντι","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"drew"},{"surface":"παρεπλάγχθη","lemma":"παραπλάζω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"veered aside"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to παρεπλάγχθη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἄλλῃ","lemma":"ἄλλῃ","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of παρεπλάγχθη","gloss":"elsewhere"}]},{"number":465,"label":"465","id":"b15-l465","source":"ἰὸς χαλκοβαρής, τόξον δέ οἱ ἔκπεσε χειρός.","translation":"the bronze-heavy arrow, and the bow dropped from his hand.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l465.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἰὸς","lemma":"ἰός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of παρεπλάγχθη","gloss":"arrow"},{"surface":"χαλκοβαρής","lemma":"χαλκοβαρής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἰὸς","gloss":"bronze-heavy"},{"surface":"τόξον","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔκπεσε","gloss":"bow"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies χειρός","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἔκπεσε","lemma":"ἐκπίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"χειρός","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔκπεσε","gloss":"from his hand"}]},{"number":466,"label":"466","id":"b15-l466","source":"Τεῦκρος δʼ ἐρρίγησε, κασίγνητον δὲ προσηύδα·","translation":"Teucer shuddered and addressed his brother:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l466.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τεῦκρος","lemma":"Τεῦκρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐρρίγησε","gloss":"Teucer"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐρρίγησε","lemma":"ῥιγέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shuddered"},{"surface":"κασίγνητον","lemma":"κασίγνητος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"his brother"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":467,"label":"467","id":"b15-l467","source":"ὢ πόποι ἦ δὴ πάγχυ μάχης ἐπὶ μήδεα κείρει","translation":"\"Ah me, now some god is utterly cutting short the plans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l467.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὢ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"o"},{"surface":"πόποι","lemma":"πόποι","morphology":"interjection","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"alas"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πάγχυ","lemma":"πάγχυ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κείρει","gloss":"wholly"},{"surface":"μάχης","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies μήδεα","gloss":"of battle"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"μήδεα","lemma":"μῆδος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of κείρει","gloss":"plans"},{"surface":"κείρει","lemma":"κείρω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cuts short"}]},{"number":468,"label":"468","id":"b15-l468","source":"δαίμων ἡμετέρης, ὅ τέ μοι βιὸν ἔκβαλε χειρός,","translation":"of our battle—he has dashed the bow from my hand","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l468.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δαίμων","lemma":"δαίμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κείρει","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"ἡμετέρης","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μάχης","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔκβαλε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔκβαλε","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"βιὸν","lemma":"βιός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔκβαλε","gloss":"bow"},{"surface":"ἔκβαλε","lemma":"ἐκβάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"hurled out"},{"surface":"χειρός","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔκβαλε","gloss":"from my hand"}]},{"number":469,"label":"469","id":"b15-l469","source":"νευρὴν δʼ ἐξέρρηξε νεόστροφον, ἣν ἐνέδησα","translation":"and snapped the newly twisted string that I tied","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l469.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νευρὴν δʼ ἐξέρρηξε νεόστροφον","title":"A newly twisted string","body":"νεόστροφος says the bowstring was newly twisted or newly strung. Teucer stresses that its failure is not ordinary wear: the fresh string has been broken by divine action."}],"words":[{"surface":"νευρὴν","lemma":"νευρά","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξέρρηξε","gloss":"bowstring"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξέρρηξε","lemma":"ἐκρήγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"snapped"},{"surface":"νεόστροφον","lemma":"νεόστροφος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νευρὴν","gloss":"newly twisted"},{"surface":"ἣν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἐνέδησα","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ἐνέδησα","lemma":"ἐνδέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing νευρὴν","gloss":"I tied"}]},{"number":470,"label":"470","id":"b15-l470","source":"πρώϊον, ὄφρʼ ἀνέχοιτο θαμὰ θρῴσκοντας ὀϊστούς.","translation":"this morning, so it might endure the arrows leaping thick and fast.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l470.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρώϊον","lemma":"πρώιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐνέδησα","gloss":"only lately"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἀνέχοιτο","lemma":"ἀνέχω","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφῤ","gloss":"might endure"},{"surface":"θαμὰ","lemma":"θαμά","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θρῴσκοντας","gloss":"thick and fast"},{"surface":"θρῴσκοντας","lemma":"θρῴσκω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifies ὀϊστούς","gloss":"leaping"},{"surface":"ὀϊστούς","lemma":"ὀιστός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνέχοιτο","gloss":"arrows"}]},{"number":471,"label":"471","id":"b15-l471","source":"τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα μέγας Τελαμώνιος Αἴας·","translation":"Then great Telamonian Ajax answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l471.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα μέγας Τελαμώνιος Αἴας","title":"Ajax answers","body":"The recurring answer formula keeps the fuller pattern ‘Then ... answered him,’ while Τελαμώνιος identifies the greater Ajax as Telamon's son."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μέγας","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"Τελαμώνιος","lemma":"Τελαμώνιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"Telamonian"},{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"Ajax"}]},{"number":472,"label":"472","id":"b15-l472","source":"ὦ πέπον ἀλλὰ βιὸν μὲν ἔα καὶ ταρφέας ἰοὺς","translation":"\"Friend, let the bow and the thick-packed arrows","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l472.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"o"},{"surface":"πέπον","lemma":"πέπων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friend"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"βιὸν","lemma":"βιός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"bow"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔα","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"leave"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ταρφέας","lemma":"ταρφύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἰοὺς","gloss":"crowded"},{"surface":"ἰοὺς","lemma":"ἰός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"arrows"}]},{"number":473,"label":"473","id":"b15-l473","source":"κεῖσθαι, ἐπεὶ συνέχευε θεὸς Δαναοῖσι μεγήρας·","translation":"lie there, since a god, begrudging the Danaans, has confounded them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l473.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"συνέχευε θεὸς Δαναοῖσι μεγήρας","title":"A god confounded them","body":"The aorist participle μεγήρας gives the god's motive: he acted out of resentment toward the Danaans. The dative Δαναοῖσι marks those against whom that resentment is directed."}],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖσθαι","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἔα","gloss":"lie"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"συνέχευε","lemma":"συγχέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"confounded"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of συνέχευε","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"Δαναοῖσι","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μεγήρας","gloss":"the Danaans"},{"surface":"μεγήρας","lemma":"μεγαίρω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to συνέχευε","gloss":"begrudging"}]},{"number":474,"label":"474","id":"b15-l474","source":"αὐτὰρ χερσὶν ἑλὼν δολιχὸν δόρυ καὶ σάκος ὤμῳ","translation":"But take a long spear in your hands and a shield upon your shoulder;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l474.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἑλὼν","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἑλὼν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"taking"},{"surface":"δολιχὸν","lemma":"δολιχός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δόρυ","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"δόρυ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἑλὼν","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σάκος","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"ὤμῳ","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"shoulder"}]},{"number":475,"label":"475","id":"b15-l475","source":"μάρναό τε Τρώεσσι καὶ ἄλλους ὄρνυθι λαούς.","translation":"fight the Trojans, and rouse the rest of the host.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l475.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μάρναό","lemma":"μάρναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fight"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μάρναό","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλους","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies λαούς","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"ὄρνυθι","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rouse"},{"surface":"λαούς","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὄρνυθι","gloss":"the people"}]},{"number":476,"label":"476","id":"b15-l476","source":"μὴ μὰν ἀσπουδί γε δαμασσάμενοί περ ἕλοιεν","translation":"Let them not, even after mastering us, take without a struggle","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l476.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀσπουδί","title":"Without a struggle","body":"The adverb ἀσπουδί means without effort or without a fight. Ajax accepts that the ships may be taken, but demands that the Trojans pay for them in battle."}],"words":[{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὰν","lemma":"μήν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"ἀσπουδί","lemma":"ἀσπουδί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕλοιεν","gloss":"without a struggle"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δαμασσάμενοί","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕλοιεν","gloss":"mastering us"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἕλοιεν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"might seize"}]},{"number":477,"label":"477","id":"b15-l477","source":"νῆας ἐϋσσέλμους, ἀλλὰ μνησώμεθα χάρμης.","translation":"our well-benched ships; but let us remember battle-joy.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l477.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἕλοιεν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐϋσσέλμους","lemma":"εὔσελμος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"well-benched"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μνησώμεθα","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"remember"},{"surface":"χάρμης","lemma":"χάρμη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of μνησώμεθα","gloss":"valor"}]},{"number":478,"label":"478","id":"b15-l478","source":"ὣς φάθʼ, ὃ δὲ τόξον μὲν ἐνὶ κλισίῃσιν ἔθηκεν,","translation":"So he spoke, and Teucer laid his bow inside the shelter,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l478.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάθ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔθηκεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τόξον","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔθηκεν","gloss":"bow"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κλισίῃσιν","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"huts"},{"surface":"ἔθηκεν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"}]},{"number":479,"label":"479","id":"b15-l479","source":"αὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ ἀμφʼ ὤμοισι σάκος θέτο τετραθέλυμνον,","translation":"then set upon his shoulders a four-layered shield,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l479.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"σάκος θέτο τετραθέλυμνον","title":"A four-layered shield","body":"τετραθέλυμνον describes a shield built in four overlapping layers. Teucer changes from an archer's equipment to the gear of a close fighter."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of θέτο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"ὤμοισι","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφ̓","gloss":"his shoulders"},{"surface":"σάκος","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of θέτο","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"θέτο","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"τετραθέλυμνον","lemma":"τετραθέλυμνος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σάκος","gloss":"four-layered"}]},{"number":480,"label":"480","id":"b15-l480","source":"κρατὶ δʼ ἐπʼ ἰφθίμῳ κυνέην εὔτυκτον ἔθηκεν","translation":"and upon his strong head he set a well-made helmet","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l480.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κρατὶ","lemma":"κράς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ἰφθίμῳ","lemma":"ἴφθιμος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κρατὶ","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"κυνέην","lemma":"κυνέη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔθηκεν","gloss":"helmet"},{"surface":"εὔτυκτον","lemma":"εὔτυκτος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κυνέην","gloss":"well-made"},{"surface":"ἔθηκεν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"}]},{"number":481,"label":"481","id":"b15-l481","source":"ἵππουριν, δεινὸν δὲ λόφος καθύπερθεν ἔνευεν·","translation":"with a horsehair crest, and the plume nodded terribly above it.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l481.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵππουριν","lemma":"ἴππουρις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κυνέην","gloss":"horsehair-crested"},{"surface":"δεινὸν","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔνευεν","gloss":"terribly"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λόφος","lemma":"λόφος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔνευεν","gloss":"plume"},{"surface":"καθύπερθεν","lemma":"καθύπερθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔνευεν","gloss":"from above"},{"surface":"ἔνευεν","lemma":"νεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"nodded"}]},{"number":482,"label":"482","id":"b15-l482","source":"εἵλετο δʼ ἄλκιμον ἔγχος ἀκαχμένον ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ,","translation":"He took his stout spear, sharpened with keen bronze,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l482.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἵλετο","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλκιμον","lemma":"ἄλκιμος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"stout"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἵλετο","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"ἀκαχμένον","lemma":"ἀκαχμένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"sharpened"},{"surface":"ὀξέϊ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκῷ","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀκαχμένον","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":483,"label":"483","id":"b15-l483","source":"βῆ δʼ ἰέναι, μάλα δʼ ὦκα θέων Αἴαντι παρέστη.","translation":"and went on his way; running swiftly, he stood beside Ajax.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l483.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰέναι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"on his way"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὦκα","lemma":"ὦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θέων","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"θέων","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to παρέστη","gloss":"running"},{"surface":"Αἴαντι","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of παρέστη","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"παρέστη","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood beside him"}]},{"number":484,"label":"484","id":"b15-l484","source":"Ἕκτωρ δʼ ὡς εἶδεν Τεύκρου βλαφθέντα βέλεμνα,","translation":"When Hector saw that Teucer's missiles had been thwarted,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l484.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐκέκλετο","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἶδεν","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"εἶδεν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐκέκλετο","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"Τεύκρου","lemma":"Τεῦκρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies βέλεμνα","gloss":"Teucer's"},{"surface":"βλαφθέντα","lemma":"βλάπτω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, accusative plural neuter","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"thwarted"},{"surface":"βέλεμνα","lemma":"βέλεμνον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of εἶδεν","gloss":"missiles"}]},{"number":485,"label":"485","id":"b15-l485","source":"Τρωσί τε καὶ Λυκίοισιν ἐκέκλετο μακρὸν ἀΰσας·","translation":"he called to the Trojans and Lycians with a long shout:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l485.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρωσί","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Λυκίοισιν","lemma":"Λύκιοι","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Lycians"},{"surface":"ἐκέκλετο","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"μακρὸν","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀΰσας","gloss":"loudly"},{"surface":"ἀΰσας","lemma":"αὔω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐκέκλετο","gloss":"shouting"}]},{"number":486,"label":"486","id":"b15-l486","source":"Τρῶες καὶ Λύκιοι καὶ Δάρδανοι ἀγχιμαχηταὶ","translation":"\"Trojans and Lycians and Dardanians, close fighters,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l486.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Λύκιοι","lemma":"Λύκιοι","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Lycians"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Δάρδανοι","lemma":"Δάρδανος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Dardanians"},{"surface":"ἀγχιμαχηταὶ","lemma":"ἀγχιμαχητής","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Δάρδανοι","gloss":"close-fighting"}]},{"number":487,"label":"487","id":"b15-l487","source":"ἀνέρες ἔστε φίλοι, μνήσασθε δὲ θούριδος ἀλκῆς","translation":"be men, my friends, and remember your furious valor.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l487.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνέρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἔστε","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"φίλοι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friends"},{"surface":"μνήσασθε","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"remember"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θούριδος","lemma":"θοῦρις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλκῆς","gloss":"furious"},{"surface":"ἀλκῆς","lemma":"ἀλκή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of μνήσασθε","gloss":"valor"}]},{"number":488,"label":"488","id":"b15-l488","source":"νῆας ἀνὰ γλαφυράς· δὴ γὰρ ἴδον ὀφθαλμοῖσιν","translation":"Among the hollow ships—for I have seen with my own eyes","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l488.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀνὰ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"γλαφυράς","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἴδον","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"i saw"},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμοῖσιν","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἴδον","gloss":"with my eyes"}]},{"number":489,"label":"489","id":"b15-l489","source":"ἀνδρὸς ἀριστῆος Διόθεν βλαφθέντα βέλεμνα.","translation":"the missiles of their best man thwarted by Zeus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l489.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Διόθεν βλαφθέντα βέλεμνα","title":"Thwarted by Zeus","body":"The passive participle βλαφθέντα describes Teucer's missiles as checked or disabled, while Διόθεν gives the divine source: the hindrance comes from Zeus."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρὸς","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies βέλεμνα","gloss":"of a man"},{"surface":"ἀριστῆος","lemma":"ἀριστεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνδρὸς","gloss":"best man"},{"surface":"Διόθεν","lemma":"Διόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βλαφθέντα","gloss":"by Zeus"},{"surface":"βλαφθέντα","lemma":"βλάπτω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, accusative plural neuter","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"thwarted"},{"surface":"βέλεμνα","lemma":"βέλεμνον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἴδον","gloss":"missiles"}]},{"number":490,"label":"490","id":"b15-l490","source":"ῥεῖα δʼ ἀρίγνωτος Διὸς ἀνδράσι γίγνεται ἀλκή,","translation":"The might of Zeus is easily known among men,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l490.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ῥεῖα δʼ ἀρίγνωτος","title":"Easy to recognize","body":"ἀρίγνωτος means conspicuous or unmistakable. Hector claims that the rise and fall of human strength makes Zeus's favor visible on the field."}],"words":[{"surface":"ῥεῖα","lemma":"ῥεῖα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γίγνεται","gloss":"easily"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀρίγνωτος","lemma":"ἀρίγνωτος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"well known"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀλκή","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"ἀνδράσι","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀλκή","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"γίγνεται","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"becomes"},{"surface":"ἀλκή","lemma":"ἀλκή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of γίγνεται","gloss":"courage"}]},{"number":491,"label":"491","id":"b15-l491","source":"ἠμὲν ὁτέοισιν κῦδος ὑπέρτερον ἐγγυαλίξῃ,","translation":"both in those to whom he grants the higher glory","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l491.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠμὲν","lemma":"ἠμέν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"ὁτέοισιν","lemma":"ὅστις","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐγγυαλίξῃ","gloss":"to whomever"},{"surface":"κῦδος","lemma":"κῦδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐγγυαλίξῃ","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ὑπέρτερον","lemma":"ὑπέρτερος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῦδος","gloss":"greater"},{"surface":"ἐγγυαλίξῃ","lemma":"ἐγγυαλίζω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδ̓","gloss":"he grants"}]},{"number":492,"label":"492","id":"b15-l492","source":"ἠδʼ ὅτινας μινύθῃ τε καὶ οὐκ ἐθέλῃσιν ἀμύνειν,","translation":"and those whose strength he lessens and whom he will not defend—","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l492.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτινας","lemma":"ὅστις","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of μινύθῃ","gloss":"those whom"},{"surface":"μινύθῃ","lemma":"μινύθω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"he lessens"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐθέλῃσιν","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"he wishes"},{"surface":"ἀμύνειν","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλῃσιν","gloss":"to defend"}]},{"number":493,"label":"493","id":"b15-l493","source":"ὡς νῦν Ἀργείων μινύθει μένος, ἄμμι δʼ ἀρήγει.","translation":"as now he lessens the Argives' strength and aids us.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l493.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Ἀργείων","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"Argives"},{"surface":"μινύθει","lemma":"μινύθω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"he lessens"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of μινύθει","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"ἄμμι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀρήγει","gloss":"for us"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀρήγει","lemma":"ἀρήγω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"he aids"}]},{"number":494,"label":"494","id":"b15-l494","source":"ἀλλὰ μάχεσθʼ ἐπὶ νηυσὶν ἀολλέες· ὃς δέ κεν ὑμέων","translation":"Fight at the ships in one mass. Whichever one of you","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l494.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μάχεσθ","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fight"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἀολλέες","lemma":"ἀολλής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"in one mass"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπίσπῃ","gloss":"whichever"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ὑμέων","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὃς","gloss":"of you"}]},{"number":495,"label":"495","id":"b15-l495","source":"βλήμενος ἠὲ τυπεὶς θάνατον καὶ πότμον ἐπίσπῃ","translation":"is struck by cast or thrust and meets his death and doom,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l495.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βλήμενος","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἠὲ","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἠέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"τυπεὶς","lemma":"τύπτω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἠὲ","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"θάνατον","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πότμον","lemma":"πότμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"doom"},{"surface":"ἐπίσπῃ","lemma":"ἐφέπω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"subject of τεθνάτω","gloss":"he may meet"}]},{"number":496,"label":"496","id":"b15-l496","source":"τεθνάτω· οὔ οἱ ἀεικὲς ἀμυνομένῳ περὶ πάτρης","translation":"let him die. It is no shame for him to die defending his country;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l496.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τεθνάτω","title":"Let him die","body":"The perfect imperative τεθνάτω is stark and final: if death comes in defense of the homeland, Hector commands the warrior to accept it as accomplished."}],"words":[{"surface":"τεθνάτω","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"perfect active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let him die"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἀεικὲς","lemma":"ἀεικής","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"unseemly"},{"surface":"ἀμυνομένῳ","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"defending"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"πάτρης","lemma":"πάτρη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"one's fatherland"}]},{"number":497,"label":"497","id":"b15-l497","source":"τεθνάμεν· ἀλλʼ ἄλοχός τε σόη καὶ παῖδες ὀπίσσω,","translation":"his wife and children will remain safe behind him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l497.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τεθνάμεν","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"perfect active infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"to die"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄλοχός","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σόη","lemma":"σόος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"safe"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παῖδες","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"ὀπίσσω","lemma":"ὀπίσσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"back"}]},{"number":498,"label":"498","id":"b15-l498","source":"καὶ οἶκος καὶ κλῆρος ἀκήρατος, εἴ κεν Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"and his house and allotted land unharmed, if the Achaeans","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l498.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἶκος","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"home"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κλῆρος","lemma":"κλῆρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"lot"},{"surface":"ἀκήρατος","lemma":"ἀκήρατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"unharmed"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of οἴχωνται","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":499,"label":"499","id":"b15-l499","source":"οἴχωνται σὺν νηυσὶ φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν.","translation":"depart in their ships for their dear native land.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l499.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴχωνται","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"depart"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"φίλην","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πατρίδα","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":500,"label":"500","id":"b15-l500","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν ὄτρυνε μένος καὶ θυμὸν ἑκάστου.","translation":"So he spoke and stirred the strength and spirit of every man.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l500.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὄτρυνε","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ὄτρυνε","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stirred"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἑκάστου","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"every"}]},{"number":501,"label":"501","id":"b15-l501","source":"Αἴας δʼ αὖθʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἐκέκλετο οἷς ἑτάροισιν·","translation":"From the other side Ajax called to his own companions:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l501.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐκέκλετο","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖθ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"ἑτέρωθεν","lemma":"ἑτέρωθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐκέκλετο","gloss":"on the other side"},{"surface":"ἐκέκλετο","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"οἷς","lemma":"ἐός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑτάροισιν","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"ἑτάροισιν","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκέκλετο","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":502,"label":"502","id":"b15-l502","source":"αἰδὼς Ἀργεῖοι· νῦν ἄρκιον ἢ ἀπολέσθαι","translation":"\"Shame, Argives! Now we must either perish","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l502.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰδὼς","lemma":"αἰδώς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"shame"},{"surface":"Ἀργεῖοι","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Argives"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἄρκιον","lemma":"ἄρκιος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"necessary"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἀπολέσθαι","lemma":"ἀπόλλυμι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"subject of ἠὲ","gloss":"to perish"}]},{"number":503,"label":"503","id":"b15-l503","source":"ἠὲ σαωθῆναι καὶ ἀπώσασθαι κακὰ νηῶν.","translation":"or be saved and drive destruction from the ships.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l503.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"σαωθῆναι","lemma":"σώζω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"be saved"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπώσασθαι","lemma":"ἀπωθέω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"drive back"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀπώσασθαι","gloss":"evils"},{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπώσασθαι","gloss":"ships"}]},{"number":504,"label":"504","id":"b15-l504","source":"ἦ ἔλπεσθʼ ἢν νῆας ἕλῃ κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ","translation":"Do you expect, if Hector of the flashing helm takes the ships,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l504.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"ἔλπεσθ","lemma":"ἔλπω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do you expect"},{"surface":"ἢν","lemma":"ἐάν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἕλῃ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἕλῃ","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἢν","gloss":"takes"},{"surface":"κορυθαίολος","lemma":"κορυθαίολος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"of the flashing helm"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕλῃ","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":505,"label":"505","id":"b15-l505","source":"ἐμβαδὸν ἵξεσθαι ἣν πατρίδα γαῖαν ἕκαστος;","translation":"that each of you will reach his native land on foot?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l505.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐμβαδὸν","lemma":"ἐμβαδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵξεσθαι","gloss":"on foot"},{"surface":"ἵξεσθαι","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ἔλπεσθ̓","gloss":"will reach"},{"surface":"ἣν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"πατρίδα","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἵξεσθαι","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"ἕκαστος","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":506,"label":"506","id":"b15-l506","source":"ἦ οὐκ ὀτρύνοντος ἀκούετε λαὸν ἅπαντα","translation":"Do you not hear Hector urging on his whole host,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l506.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ὀτρύνοντος","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"urging"},{"surface":"ἀκούετε","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do you hear"},{"surface":"λαὸν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀτρύνοντος","gloss":"host"},{"surface":"ἅπαντα","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λαὸν","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":507,"label":"507","id":"b15-l507","source":"Ἕκτορος, ὃς δὴ νῆας ἐνιπρῆσαι μενεαίνει;","translation":"burning with desire to set the ships ablaze?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l507.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορος","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀκούετε","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μενεαίνει","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐνιπρῆσαι","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐνιπρῆσαι","lemma":"ἐμπίμπρημι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of μενεαίνει","gloss":"to set ablaze"},{"surface":"μενεαίνει","lemma":"μενεαίνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἕκτορος","gloss":"is eager"}]},{"number":508,"label":"508","id":"b15-l508","source":"οὐ μὰν ἔς γε χορὸν κέλετʼ ἐλθέμεν, ἀλλὰ μάχεσθαι.","translation":"He is not calling them to enter a dance, but to fight.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l508.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὰν","lemma":"μήν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"ἔς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"χορὸν","lemma":"χορός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔς","gloss":"to a dance"},{"surface":"κέλετ","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"calls"},{"surface":"ἐλθέμεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of κέλετ̓","gloss":"to enter"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":509,"label":"509","id":"b15-l509","source":"ἡμῖν δʼ οὔ τις τοῦδε νόος καὶ μῆτις ἀμείνων","translation":"For us there is no purpose or counsel better than this:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l509.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμῖν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"for us"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"τοῦδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"genitive singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"νόος","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μῆτις","lemma":"μῆτις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"counsel"},{"surface":"ἀμείνων","lemma":"ἀμείνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"better"}]},{"number":510,"label":"510","id":"b15-l510","source":"ἢ αὐτοσχεδίῃ μῖξαι χεῖράς τε μένος τε.","translation":"to join hands and strength in close combat.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l510.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"αὐτοσχεδίῃ","title":"At close quarters","body":"αὐτοσχεδίῃ means fighting hand to hand, without distance between the combatants. Ajax answers Hector's massed assault with an equally concentrated defense."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"αὐτοσχεδίῃ","lemma":"αὐτοσχέδιος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to μῖξαι","gloss":"at close quarters"},{"surface":"μῖξαι","lemma":"μίγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"to join"},{"surface":"χεῖράς","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":511,"label":"511","id":"b15-l511","source":"βέλτερον ἢ ἀπολέσθαι ἕνα χρόνον ἠὲ βιῶναι","translation":"Better to perish or survive in a single moment","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l511.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βέλτερον","lemma":"βέλτερος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"ἀπολέσθαι","lemma":"ἀπόλλυμι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"subject of ἠὲ","gloss":"to perish"},{"surface":"ἕνα","lemma":"εἷς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χρόνον","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"χρόνον","lemma":"χρόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἠὲ","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"βιῶναι","lemma":"βιόω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject of ἠὲ","gloss":"to survive"}]},{"number":512,"label":"512","id":"b15-l512","source":"ἢ δηθὰ στρεύγεσθαι ἐν αἰνῇ δηϊοτῆτι","translation":"than long be worn away in this grim battle","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l512.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"δηθὰ","lemma":"δηθά","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to στρεύγεσθαι","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"στρεύγεσθαι","lemma":"στρεύγομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"be worn away"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"αἰνῇ","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies δηϊοτῆτι","gloss":"dread"},{"surface":"δηϊοτῆτι","lemma":"δηιοτής","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"battle"}]},{"number":513,"label":"513","id":"b15-l513","source":"ὧδʼ αὔτως παρὰ νηυσὶν ὑπʼ ἀνδράσι χειροτέροισιν.","translation":"beside the ships, just so, beneath men worse than ourselves.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l513.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὧδ","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to στρεύγεσθαι","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"αὔτως","lemma":"αὔτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to στρεύγεσθαι","gloss":"just so"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"ἀνδράσι","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπ̓","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"χειροτέροισιν","lemma":"χειρότερος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδράσι","gloss":"worse"}]},{"number":514,"label":"514","id":"b15-l514","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν ὄτρυνε μένος καὶ θυμὸν ἑκάστου.","translation":"So he spoke and stirred the strength and spirit of every man.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l514.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὄτρυνε","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ὄτρυνε","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stirred"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἑκάστου","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"every"}]},{"number":515,"label":"515","id":"b15-l515","source":"ἔνθʼ Ἕκτωρ μὲν ἕλε Σχεδίον Περιμήδεος υἱὸν","translation":"Then Hector killed Schedius, son of Perimedes,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l515.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕλε","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕλε","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἕλε","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slew"},{"surface":"Σχεδίον","lemma":"Σχεδίος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕλε","gloss":"Schedius"},{"surface":"Περιμήδεος","lemma":"Περιμήδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"Perimedes'"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Σχεδίον","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":516,"label":"516","id":"b15-l516","source":"ἀρχὸν Φωκήων, Αἴας δʼ ἕλε Λαοδάμαντα","translation":"leader of the Phocians, while Ajax killed Laodamas,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l516.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀρχὸν","lemma":"ἀρχός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Σχεδίον","gloss":"leader"},{"surface":"Φωκήων","lemma":"Φωκεύς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀρχὸν","gloss":"of the Phocians"},{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕλε","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕλε","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slew"},{"surface":"Λαοδάμαντα","lemma":"Λαοδάμας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕλε","gloss":"Laodamas"}]},{"number":517,"label":"517","id":"b15-l517","source":"ἡγεμόνα πρυλέων Ἀντήνορος ἀγλαὸν υἱόν·","translation":"commander of the foot fighters and Antenor's glorious son.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l517.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡγεμόνα","lemma":"ἡγεμών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Λαοδάμαντα","gloss":"leader"},{"surface":"πρυλέων","lemma":"πρυλέες","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἡγεμόνα","gloss":"foot fighters"},{"surface":"Ἀντήνορος","lemma":"Ἀντήνωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱόν","gloss":"of Antenor"},{"surface":"ἀγλαὸν","lemma":"ἀγλαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱόν","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"υἱόν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Λαοδάμαντα","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":518,"label":"518","id":"b15-l518","source":"Πουλυδάμας δʼ Ὦτον Κυλλήνιον ἐξενάριξε","translation":"Polydamas killed and stripped Otus of Cyllene,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l518.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ὦτον Κυλλήνιον ἐξενάριξε","title":"Polydamas kills Otus","body":"ἐξεναρίζω combines killing an enemy with stripping his armor. The named subject is Polydamas and his victim is Otus of Cyllene."}],"words":[{"surface":"Πουλυδάμας","lemma":"Πουλυδάμας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐξενάριξε","gloss":"Polydamas"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὦτον","lemma":"Ὦτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"Otus"},{"surface":"Κυλλήνιον","lemma":"Κυλλήνη","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὦτον","gloss":"Cyllene"},{"surface":"ἐξενάριξε","lemma":"ἐξεναρίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slew and stripped"}]},{"number":519,"label":"519","id":"b15-l519","source":"Φυλεΐδεω ἕταρον, μεγαθύμων ἀρχὸν Ἐπειῶν.","translation":"a companion of Phyleus's son and a leader of the great-hearted Epeians.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l519.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Φυλεΐδεω","lemma":"Φυλείδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἕταρον","gloss":"son of Phyleus"},{"surface":"ἕταρον","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ὦτον","gloss":"companion"},{"surface":"μεγαθύμων","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies Ἐπειῶν","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"ἀρχὸν","lemma":"ἀρχός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"leader"},{"surface":"Ἐπειῶν","lemma":"Ἐπειός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀρχὸν","gloss":"Epeians"}]},{"number":520,"label":"520","id":"b15-l520","source":"τῷ δὲ Μέγης ἐπόρουσεν ἰδών· ὃ δʼ ὕπαιθα λιάσθη","translation":"Seeing him, Meges sprang upon him, but Polydamas","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l520.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπόρουσεν","gloss":"at him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μέγης","lemma":"Μέγης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπόρουσεν","gloss":"Meges"},{"surface":"ἐπόρουσεν","lemma":"ἐπορούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"charged"},{"surface":"ἰδών","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπόρουσεν","gloss":"seeing"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies Πουλυδάμας","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὕπαιθα","lemma":"ὕπαιθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λιάσθη","gloss":"from beneath"},{"surface":"λιάσθη","lemma":"λιάζομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"swerved"}]},{"number":521,"label":"521","id":"b15-l521","source":"Πουλυδάμας· καὶ τοῦ μὲν ἀπήμβροτεν· οὐ γὰρ Ἀπόλλων","translation":"swerved from beneath the cast, and Meges missed; for Apollo","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l521.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πουλυδάμας","lemma":"Πουλυδάμας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of λιάσθη","gloss":"Polydamas"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπήμβροτεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀπήμβροτεν","lemma":"ἀφαμαρτάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"missed him"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἴα","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":522,"label":"522","id":"b15-l522","source":"εἴα Πάνθου υἱὸν ἐνὶ προμάχοισι δαμῆναι·","translation":"would not let Panthous's son be slain among the foremost fighters.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l522.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"εἴα Πάνθου υἱὸν ἐνὶ προμάχοισι δαμῆναι","title":"Apollo prevents the death","body":"The passive infinitive δαμῆναι depends on εἴα: Apollo did not allow Panthous's son, Polydamas, to be overcome. The god's intervention explains the missed cast."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἴα","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"allowed"},{"surface":"Πάνθου","lemma":"Πάνθος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"Panthous's"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δαμῆναι","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"προμάχοισι","lemma":"πρόμαχος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"foremost fighters"},{"surface":"δαμῆναι","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"object of εἴα","gloss":"be slain"}]},{"number":523,"label":"523","id":"b15-l523","source":"αὐτὰρ ὅ γε Κροίσμου στῆθος μέσον οὔτασε δουρί.","translation":"Instead Meges struck Croesmus in the middle of the chest with his spear.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l523.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of οὔτασε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Κροίσμου","lemma":"Κροῖσμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies στῆθος","gloss":"Croesmus"},{"surface":"στῆθος","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of οὔτασε","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"μέσον","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies στῆθος","gloss":"the middle"},{"surface":"οὔτασε","lemma":"οὐτάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wounded"},{"surface":"δουρί","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to οὔτασε","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":524,"label":"524","id":"b15-l524","source":"δούπησεν δὲ πεσών· ὃ δʼ ἀπʼ ὤμων τεύχεʼ ἐσύλα.","translation":"He fell with a thud, and Meges stripped the armor from his shoulders.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l524.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δούπησεν","lemma":"δουπέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell with a thud"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πεσών","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δούπησεν","gloss":"falling"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐσύλα","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὤμων","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπ̓","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"τεύχε","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐσύλα","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἐσύλα","lemma":"συλάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stripped"}]},{"number":525,"label":"525","id":"b15-l525","source":"τόφρα δὲ τῷ ἐπόρουσε Δόλοψ αἰχμῆς ἐῢ εἰδὼς","translation":"Meanwhile Dolops, skilled with the spear, sprang upon him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l525.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόφρα","lemma":"τόφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπόρουσε","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπόρουσε","gloss":"at him"},{"surface":"ἐπόρουσε","lemma":"ἐπορούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"charged"},{"surface":"Δόλοψ","lemma":"Δόλοψ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπόρουσε","gloss":"Dolops"},{"surface":"αἰχμῆς","lemma":"αἰχμή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰδὼς","gloss":"spearpoint"},{"surface":"ἐῢ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰδὼς","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"εἰδὼς","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies Δόλοψ","gloss":"skilled"}]},{"number":526,"label":"526","id":"b15-l526","source":"Λαμπετίδης, ὃν Λάμπος ἐγείνατο φέρτατον υἱὸν","translation":"son of Lampus, whom Lampus begot as his finest son,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l526.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Λαμπετίδης","lemma":"Λαμπετίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Δόλοψ","gloss":"Lampus's son"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"Λάμπος","lemma":"λάμπος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐγείνατο","gloss":"Lampus"},{"surface":"ἐγείνατο","lemma":"γείνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Δόλοψ","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"φέρτατον","lemma":"φέρτατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"finest"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":527,"label":"527","id":"b15-l527","source":"Λαομεδοντιάδης εὖ εἰδότα θούριδος ἀλκῆς,","translation":"Lampus son of Laomedon; and Dolops knew furious valor well.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l527.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Λαομεδοντιάδης","lemma":"Λαομεδοντιάδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Λάμπος","gloss":"son of Laomedon"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰδότα","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"εἰδότα","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies ὃν","gloss":"knowing well"},{"surface":"θούριδος","lemma":"θοῦρις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλκῆς","gloss":"furious"},{"surface":"ἀλκῆς","lemma":"ἀλκή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰδότα","gloss":"valor"}]},{"number":528,"label":"528","id":"b15-l528","source":"ὃς τότε Φυλεΐδαο μέσον σάκος οὔτασε δουρὶ","translation":"He rushed in close and stabbed the center of the son of Phyleus's shield,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l528.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of οὔτασε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οὔτασε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Φυλεΐδαο","lemma":"Φυλείδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies σάκος","gloss":"son of Phyleus"},{"surface":"μέσον","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σάκος","gloss":"the middle"},{"surface":"σάκος","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of οὔτασε","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"οὔτασε","lemma":"οὐτάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Δόλοψ","gloss":"wounded"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to οὔτασε","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":529,"label":"529","id":"b15-l529","source":"ἐγγύθεν ὁρμηθείς· πυκινὸς δέ οἱ ἤρκεσε θώρηξ,","translation":"but his compact corselet warded the spear from him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l529.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πυκινὸς δέ οἱ ἤρκεσε θώρηξ","title":"The corselet holds","body":"πυκινός describes the corselet as close-built and solid. Here armor, not a last-second dodge, stops Dolops's thrust from reaching Meges."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐγγύθεν","lemma":"ἐγγύθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὁρμηθείς","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ὁρμηθείς","lemma":"ὁρμάω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to οὔτασε","gloss":"rushing in"},{"surface":"πυκινὸς","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θώρηξ","gloss":"close-packed"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἤρκεσε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἤρκεσε","lemma":"ἀρκέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"warded off"},{"surface":"θώρηξ","lemma":"θώραξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤρκεσε","gloss":"corselet"}]},{"number":530,"label":"530","id":"b15-l530","source":"τόν ῥʼ ἐφόρει γυάλοισιν ἀρηρότα· τόν ποτε Φυλεὺς","translation":"the corselet he wore, fitted together in plates, which Phyleus once","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l530.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐφόρει","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐφόρει","lemma":"φορέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing θώρηξ","gloss":"was wearing"},{"surface":"γυάλοισιν","lemma":"γύαλον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀρηρότα","gloss":"plates"},{"surface":"ἀρηρότα","lemma":"ἀραρίσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies τόν","gloss":"fitted"},{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἤγαγεν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ποτε","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἤγαγεν","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"Φυλεὺς","lemma":"Φυλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤγαγεν","gloss":"Phyleus"}]},{"number":531,"label":"531","id":"b15-l531","source":"ἤγαγεν ἐξ Ἐφύρης, ποταμοῦ ἄπο Σελλήεντος.","translation":"brought from Ephyra, from the river Selleis.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l531.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤγαγεν","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brought"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Ἐφύρης","lemma":"Ἐφύρα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"Ephyra"},{"surface":"ποταμοῦ","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄπο","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"ἄπο","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Σελλήεντος","lemma":"Σελλήεις","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ποταμοῦ","gloss":"Selleis"}]},{"number":532,"label":"532","id":"b15-l532","source":"ξεῖνος γάρ οἱ ἔδωκεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Εὐφήτης","translation":"His guest-friend, Euphetes lord of men, had given it to him","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l532.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ξεῖνος","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"guest-friend"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔδωκεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἔδωκεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Εὐφήτης","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄναξ","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"Εὐφήτης","lemma":"Εὐφήτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Euphetes"}]},{"number":533,"label":"533","id":"b15-l533","source":"ἐς πόλεμον φορέειν δηΐων ἀνδρῶν ἀλεωρήν·","translation":"to wear in war as a defense against hostile men;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l533.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πόλεμον","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"φορέειν","lemma":"φορέω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἔδωκεν","gloss":"to wear"},{"surface":"δηΐων","lemma":"δάιος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"of the foe"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀλεωρήν","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"ἀλεωρήν","lemma":"ἀλεωρή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as defense"}]},{"number":534,"label":"534","id":"b15-l534","source":"ὅς οἱ καὶ τότε παιδὸς ἀπὸ χροὸς ἤρκεσʼ ὄλεθρον.","translation":"and now it warded ruin from his son's body.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l534.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἤρκεσ̓","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἤρκεσ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤρκεσ̓","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"παιδὸς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies χροὸς","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"χροὸς","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"flesh"},{"surface":"ἤρκεσ","lemma":"ἀρκέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"warded off"},{"surface":"ὄλεθρον","lemma":"ὄλεθρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἤρκεσ̓","gloss":"destruction"}]},{"number":535,"label":"535","id":"b15-l535","source":"τοῦ δὲ Μέγης κόρυθος χαλκήρεος ἱπποδασείης","translation":"Then Meges stabbed the very crown of Dolops's bronze-bound,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l535.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies κόρυθος","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μέγης","lemma":"Μέγης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"Meges"},{"surface":"κόρυθος","lemma":"κόρυς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies κύμβαχον","gloss":"of the helmet"},{"surface":"χαλκήρεος","lemma":"χαλκήρης","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κόρυθος","gloss":"bronze-bound"},{"surface":"ἱπποδασείης","lemma":"ἱπποδάσεια","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κόρυθος","gloss":"horsehair-crested"}]},{"number":536,"label":"536","id":"b15-l536","source":"κύμβαχον ἀκρότατον νύξʼ ἔγχεϊ ὀξυόεντι,","translation":"horsehair-crested helmet with his sharp spear,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l536.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κύμβαχον ἀκρότατον","title":"The helmet's crown","body":"κύμβαχον is the top or crown of the helmet. Meges' spear catches the crest fixture rather than piercing Dolops's head."}],"words":[{"surface":"κύμβαχον","lemma":"κύμβαχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of νύξ̓","gloss":"helmet's crown"},{"surface":"ἀκρότατον","lemma":"ἄκρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"modifies κύμβαχον","gloss":"topmost"},{"surface":"νύξ","lemma":"νύσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stabbed"},{"surface":"ἔγχεϊ","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to νύξ̓","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"ὀξυόεντι","lemma":"ὀξυόεις","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχεϊ","gloss":"sharp"}]},{"number":537,"label":"537","id":"b15-l537","source":"ῥῆξε δʼ ἀφʼ ἵππειον λόφον αὐτοῦ· πᾶς δὲ χαμᾶζε","translation":"and sheared the horsehair plume from it; the whole crest","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l537.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥῆξε","lemma":"ῥήγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"broke"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀφ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἵππειον","lemma":"ἵππειος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λόφον","gloss":"horsehair"},{"surface":"λόφον","lemma":"λόφος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ῥῆξε","gloss":"the crest"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀφ̓","gloss":"from it"},{"surface":"πᾶς","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of κάππεσεν","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χαμᾶζε","lemma":"χαμᾶζε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of κάππεσεν","gloss":"to the ground"}]},{"number":538,"label":"538","id":"b15-l538","source":"κάππεσεν ἐν κονίῃσι νέον φοίνικι φαεινός.","translation":"fell down in the dust, gleaming with fresh purple dye.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l538.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κάππεσεν","lemma":"καταπίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κονίῃσι","lemma":"κονία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the dust"},{"surface":"νέον","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to φαεινός","gloss":"fresh"},{"surface":"φοίνικι","lemma":"φοῖνιξ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to φαεινός","gloss":"purple dye"},{"surface":"φαεινός","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πᾶς","gloss":"gleaming"}]},{"number":539,"label":"539","id":"b15-l539","source":"εἷος ὃ τῷ πολέμιζε μένων, ἔτι δʼ ἔλπετο νίκην,","translation":"While Dolops stood and fought him, still hoping for victory,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l539.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἷος","lemma":"εἷος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πολέμιζε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"πολέμιζε","lemma":"πολεμίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"was fighting"},{"surface":"μένων","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πολέμιζε","gloss":"remaining"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔλπετο","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔλπετο","lemma":"ἔλπω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"hoped"},{"surface":"νίκην","lemma":"νίκη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔλπετο","gloss":"victory"}]},{"number":540,"label":"540","id":"b15-l540","source":"τόφρα δέ οἱ Μενέλαος ἀρήϊος ἦλθεν ἀμύντωρ,","translation":"warlike Menelaus came to Meges as a defender.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l540.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόφρα","lemma":"τόφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦλθεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"Μενέλαος","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθεν","gloss":"Menelaus"},{"surface":"ἀρήϊος","lemma":"ἄρειος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενέλαος","gloss":"warlike"},{"surface":"ἦλθεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ἀμύντωρ","lemma":"ἀμύντωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"defender"}]},{"number":541,"label":"541","id":"b15-l541","source":"στῆ δʼ εὐρὰξ σὺν δουρὶ λαθών, βάλε δʼ ὦμον ὄπισθεν·","translation":"He stood unseen at Dolops's flank with his spear and struck his shoulder from behind;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l541.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὐρὰξ","lemma":"εὐράξ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to στῆ","gloss":"to one side"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"λαθών","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to στῆ","gloss":"unseen"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὦμον","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"shoulder"},{"surface":"ὄπισθεν","lemma":"ὄπισθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βάλε","gloss":"behind"}]},{"number":542,"label":"542","id":"b15-l542","source":"αἰχμὴ δὲ στέρνοιο διέσσυτο μαιμώωσα","translation":"the spearpoint drove eagerly through his chest,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l542.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰχμὴ","lemma":"αἰχμή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of διέσσυτο","gloss":"spearpoint"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στέρνοιο","lemma":"στέρνον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of διέσσυτο","gloss":"his chest"},{"surface":"διέσσυτο","lemma":"διασεύομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went through"},{"surface":"μαιμώωσα","lemma":"μαιμάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to διέσσυτο","gloss":"rushing furiously"}]},{"number":543,"label":"543","id":"b15-l543","source":"πρόσσω ἱεμένη· ὃ δʼ ἄρα πρηνὴς ἐλιάσθη.","translation":"thrusting forward, and he crumpled face-first.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l543.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρόσσω","lemma":"πρόσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἱεμένη","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"ἱεμένη","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to διέσσυτο","gloss":"thrusting forward"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐλιάσθη","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πρηνὴς","lemma":"πρηνής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"headfirst"},{"surface":"ἐλιάσθη","lemma":"λιάζομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"crumpled"}]},{"number":544,"label":"544","id":"b15-l544","source":"τὼ μὲν ἐεισάσθην χαλκήρεα τεύχεʼ ἀπʼ ὤμων","translation":"The two set about stripping the bronze-bound armor from his shoulders,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l544.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τὼ μὲν ἐεισάσθην","title":"The two together","body":"The dual τώ and the dual verb ἐεισάσθην mark Menelaus and Meges as a pair. Both move to strip Dolops after Menelaus's killing thrust."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐεισάσθην","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐεισάσθην","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set about"},{"surface":"χαλκήρεα","lemma":"χαλκήρης","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεύχἐ","gloss":"bronze-shod"},{"surface":"τεύχε","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of συλήσειν","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὤμων","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπ̓","gloss":"shoulders"}]},{"number":545,"label":"545","id":"b15-l545","source":"συλήσειν· Ἕκτωρ δὲ κασιγνήτοισι κέλευσε","translation":"but Hector called to all his kinsmen,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l545.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"συλήσειν","lemma":"συλάω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἐεισάσθην","gloss":"to strip"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κασιγνήτοισι","lemma":"κασίγνητος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κέλευσε","gloss":"kinsmen"},{"surface":"κέλευσε","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ordered"}]},{"number":546,"label":"546","id":"b15-l546","source":"πᾶσι μάλα, πρῶτον δʼ Ἱκεταονίδην ἐνένιπεν","translation":"and first rebuked the son of Hicetaon,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l546.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πᾶσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κασιγνήτοισι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"earnestly"},{"surface":"πρῶτον","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐνένιπεν","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἱκεταονίδην","lemma":"Ἱκεταονίδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Μελάνιππον","gloss":"Hicetaon's son"},{"surface":"ἐνένιπεν","lemma":"ἐνίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rebuked"}]},{"number":547,"label":"547","id":"b15-l547","source":"ἴφθιμον Μελάνιππον. ὃ δʼ ὄφρα μὲν εἰλίποδας βοῦς","translation":"mighty Melanippus. Before then he had pastured shambling cattle","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l547.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἴφθιμον","lemma":"ἴφθιμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μελάνιππον","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"Μελάνιππον","lemma":"Μελάνιππος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνένιπεν","gloss":"Melanippus"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βόσκ̓","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βόσκ̓","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"εἰλίποδας","lemma":"εἰλίπους","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βοῦς","gloss":"shambling"},{"surface":"βοῦς","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of βόσκ̓","gloss":"cattle"}]},{"number":548,"label":"548","id":"b15-l548","source":"βόσκʼ ἐν Περκώτῃ δηΐων ἀπὸ νόσφιν ἐόντων·","translation":"in Percote, while the enemy was still far away;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l548.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βόσκ","lemma":"βόσκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he pastured"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Περκώτῃ","lemma":"Περκώτη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"Percote"},{"surface":"δηΐων","lemma":"δάιος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐόντων","gloss":"the enemy"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"νόσφιν","lemma":"νόσφι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐόντων","gloss":"apart"},{"surface":"ἐόντων","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"adverbial to βόσκ̓","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":549,"label":"549","id":"b15-l549","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ Δαναῶν νέες ἤλυθον ἀμφιέλισσαι,","translation":"But when the Danaans' curved ships came,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l549.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤλυθον","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"Δαναῶν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies νέες","gloss":"of the Danaans"},{"surface":"νέες","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἤλυθον","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἤλυθον","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ἀμφιέλισσαι","lemma":"ἀμφιέλισσα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νέες","gloss":"curved"}]},{"number":550,"label":"550","id":"b15-l550","source":"ἂψ εἰς Ἴλιον ἦλθε, μετέπρεπε δὲ Τρώεσσι,","translation":"he returned to Ilion and stood out among the Trojans.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l550.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἦλθε","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"Ilion"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"μετέπρεπε","lemma":"μεταπρέπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood out"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μετέπρεπε","gloss":"the Trojans"}]},{"number":551,"label":"551","id":"b15-l551","source":"ναῖε δὲ πὰρ Πριάμῳ, ὃ δέ μιν τίεν ἶσα τέκεσσι·","translation":"He lived beside Priam, who honored him like his own children.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l551.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ναῖε","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lived"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"Πριάμῳ","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πὰρ","gloss":"Priam"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τίεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τίεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"τίεν","lemma":"τίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"honored"},{"surface":"ἶσα","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to τίεν","gloss":"equal"},{"surface":"τέκεσσι","lemma":"τέκος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἶσα","gloss":"children"}]},{"number":552,"label":"552","id":"b15-l552","source":"τόν ῥʼ Ἕκτωρ ἐνένιπεν ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζεν·","translation":"Hector rebuked him, addressed him, and called him by name:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l552.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐνένιπεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τ̓","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"ἐνένιπεν","lemma":"ἐνίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rebuked"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔφατ̓","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ἔκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀνόμαζεν","lemma":"ὀνομάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called by name"}]},{"number":553,"label":"553","id":"b15-l553","source":"οὕτω δὴ Μελάνιππε μεθήσομεν; οὐδέ νυ σοί περ","translation":"\"Melanippus, shall we really hang back like this? Is not even your","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l553.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὕτω","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μεθήσομεν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Μελάνιππε","lemma":"Μελάνιππος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Melanippus"},{"surface":"μεθήσομεν","lemma":"μεθίημι","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall we hang back"},{"surface":"νυ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"σοί","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἦτορ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":554,"label":"554","id":"b15-l554","source":"ἐντρέπεται φίλον ἦτορ ἀνεψιοῦ κταμένοιο;","translation":"heart stirred by your cousin's death?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l554.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀνεψιοῦ κταμένοιο","title":"A cousin slain","body":"ἀνεψιός identifies the slain Dolops as Melanippus's cousin. Hector turns that kinship into a demand for immediate retaliation."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐντρέπεται","lemma":"ἐντρέπω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is stirred"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦτορ","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐντρέπεται","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἀνεψιοῦ","lemma":"ἀνεψιός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐντρέπεται","gloss":"cousin's"},{"surface":"κταμένοιο","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifies ἀνεψιοῦ","gloss":"killed"}]},{"number":555,"label":"555","id":"b15-l555","source":"οὐχ ὁράᾳς οἷον Δόλοπος περὶ τεύχεʼ ἕπουσιν;","translation":"Do you not see how they swarm around Dolops's armor?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l555.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐχ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ὁράᾳς","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do you see"},{"surface":"οἷον","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἕπουσιν","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"Δόλοπος","lemma":"Δόλοψ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τεύχἐ","gloss":"Dolops's"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"τεύχε","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἕπουσιν","lemma":"ἕπω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of ὁράᾳς","gloss":"they swarm"}]},{"number":556,"label":"556","id":"b15-l556","source":"ἀλλʼ ἕπευ· οὐ γὰρ ἔτʼ ἔστιν ἀποσταδὸν Ἀργείοισι","translation":"Come, follow me. We can no longer fight the Argives","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l556.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἕπευ","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"follow me"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔστιν","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"ἔστιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ἀποσταδὸν","lemma":"ἀποσταδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μάρνασθαι","gloss":"from a distance"},{"surface":"Ἀργείοισι","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μάρνασθαι","gloss":"the Argives"}]},{"number":557,"label":"557","id":"b15-l557","source":"μάρνασθαι, πρίν γʼ ἠὲ κατακτάμεν ἠὲ κατʼ ἄκρης","translation":"from a distance, before we either kill them or utterly sack","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l557.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μάρνασθαι","lemma":"μάρναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"subject of ἔστιν","gloss":"to fight"},{"surface":"πρίν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"κατακτάμεν","lemma":"κατακτείνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἠὲ","gloss":"kill them"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"utterly","note":"With 'from the heights' across the line break: tmesis expressing utter destruction."},{"surface":"ἄκρης","lemma":"ἄκρα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατ̓","gloss":"from the heights"}]},{"number":558,"label":"558","id":"b15-l558","source":"Ἴλιον αἰπεινὴν ἑλέειν κτάσθαι τε πολίτας.","translation":"steep Ilion and slaughter its people.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l558.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἑλέειν","gloss":"Ilion"},{"surface":"αἰπεινὴν","lemma":"αἰπεινός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἴλιον","gloss":"steep"},{"surface":"ἑλέειν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"to sack"},{"surface":"κτάσθαι","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"to slaughter"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πολίτας","lemma":"πολίτης","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κτάσθαι","gloss":"citizens"}]},{"number":559,"label":"559","id":"b15-l559","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν ὃ μὲν ἦρχʼ, ὃ δʼ ἅμʼ ἕσπετο ἰσόθεος φώς·","translation":"So speaking, he led, and the godlike man followed with him.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l559.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦρχ̓","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦρχ̓","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἦρχ","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕσπετο","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"ἕσπετο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"},{"surface":"ἰσόθεος","lemma":"ἰσόθεος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies φώς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"φώς","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":560,"label":"560","id":"b15-l560","source":"Ἀργείους δʼ ὄτρυνε μέγας Τελαμώνιος Αἴας·","translation":"Then great Telamonian Ajax urged the Argives:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l560.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργείους","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὄτρυνε","gloss":"Argives"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄτρυνε","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urged on"},{"surface":"μέγας","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"Τελαμώνιος","lemma":"Τελαμώνιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"Telamonian"},{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὄτρυνε","gloss":"Ajax"}]},{"number":561,"label":"561","id":"b15-l561","source":"ὦ φίλοι ἀνέρες ἔστε, καὶ αἰδῶ θέσθʼ ἐνὶ θυμῷ,","translation":"\"Friends, be men, and set a sense of shame within your hearts;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l561.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"o"},{"surface":"φίλοι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friends"},{"surface":"ἀνέρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἔστε","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰδῶ","lemma":"αἰδώς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of θέσθ̓","gloss":"shame"},{"surface":"θέσθ","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":562,"label":"562","id":"b15-l562","source":"ἀλλήλους τʼ αἰδεῖσθε κατὰ κρατερὰς ὑσμίνας.","translation":"Have regard for one another amid the fierce encounters.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l562.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀλλήλους τʼ αἰδεῖσθε κατὰ κρατερὰς ὑσμίνας","title":"Regard for one another","body":"The imperative αἰδεῖσθε asks the fighters to feel honor and restraint before one another. The line's recurring English is held exactly here."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλήλους","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of αἰδεῖσθε","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰδεῖσθε","lemma":"αἰδέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"respect"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κρατερὰς","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὑσμίνας","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ὑσμίνας","lemma":"ὑσμίνη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"battles"}]},{"number":563,"label":"563","id":"b15-l563","source":"αἰδομένων δʼ ἀνδρῶν πλέονες σόοι ἠὲ πέφανται·","translation":"When men feel shame, more are saved than slain;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l563.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"αἰδομένων δʼ ἀνδρῶν","title":"When men feel shame","body":"The genitive absolute αἰδομένων ... ἀνδρῶν supplies the condition under which more fighters survive. Ajax treats mutual regard as a practical defense, not merely a moral ornament."}],"words":[{"surface":"αἰδομένων","lemma":"αἰδέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"feeling shame"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies πλέονες","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"πλέονες","lemma":"πλείων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine comparative adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"σόοι","lemma":"σῶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"saved"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἠέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"πέφανται","lemma":"θείνω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἠὲ","gloss":"killed"}]},{"number":564,"label":"564","id":"b15-l564","source":"φευγόντων δʼ οὔτʼ ἂρ κλέος ὄρνυται οὔτέ τις ἀλκή.","translation":"but for men who flee, neither glory nor any strength arises.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l564.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φευγόντων","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"present active participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"adverbial to οὔτέ","gloss":"fleeing"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἂρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κλέος","lemma":"κλέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ὄρνυται","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ὄρνυται","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"arises"},{"surface":"οὔτέ","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀλκή","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ἀλκή","lemma":"ἀλκή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"courage"}]},{"number":565,"label":"565","id":"b15-l565","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ ἀλέξασθαι μενέαινον,","translation":"So he spoke, and they themselves were eager to defend.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l565.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μενέαινον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"αὐτοὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"they themselves"},{"surface":"ἀλέξασθαι","lemma":"ἀλέξω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of μενέαινον","gloss":"to ward off"},{"surface":"μενέαινον","lemma":"μενεαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were eager"}]},{"number":566,"label":"566","id":"b15-l566","source":"ἐν θυμῷ δʼ ἐβάλοντο ἔπος, φράξαντο δὲ νῆας","translation":"They laid his words within their hearts and fenced the ships","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l566.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐβάλοντο","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"laid"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐβάλοντο","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"φράξαντο","lemma":"φράσσω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fenced"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of φράξαντο","gloss":"ships"}]},{"number":567,"label":"567","id":"b15-l567","source":"ἕρκεϊ χαλκείῳ· ἐπὶ δὲ Ζεὺς Τρῶας ἔγειρεν.","translation":"with a wall of bronze; and Zeus roused the Trojans against them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l567.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕρκεϊ","lemma":"ἕρκος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of φράξαντο","gloss":"bulwark"},{"surface":"χαλκείῳ","lemma":"χάλκειος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἕρκεϊ","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔγειρεν","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"Τρῶας","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔγειρεν","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ἔγειρεν","lemma":"ἐγείρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stirred"}]},{"number":568,"label":"568","id":"b15-l568","source":"Ἀντίλοχον δʼ ὄτρυνε βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Μενέλαος·","translation":"Menelaus, good at the war-cry, urged Antilochus:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l568.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Μενέλαος","title":"Good at the war-cry","body":"Menelaus's standing epithet praises his power in the battle shout. Here his voice directs the younger Antilochus toward an opening in the Trojan line."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντίλοχον","lemma":"Ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὄτρυνε","gloss":"Antilochus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄτρυνε","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urged on"},{"surface":"βοὴν","lemma":"βοή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀγαθὸς","gloss":"at the war-cry"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὸς","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενέλαος","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"Μενέλαος","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὄτρυνε","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":569,"label":"569","id":"b15-l569","source":"Ἀντίλοχʼ οὔ τις σεῖο νεώτερος ἄλλος Ἀχαιῶν,","translation":"\"Antilochus, no other Achaean is younger than you,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l569.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντίλοχ","lemma":"Ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Antilochus"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"σεῖο","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to νεώτερος","gloss":"than you"},{"surface":"νεώτερος","lemma":"νεώτερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"younger"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":570,"label":"570","id":"b15-l570","source":"οὔτε ποσὶν θάσσων οὔτʼ ἄλκιμος ὡς σὺ μάχεσθαι·","translation":"nor swifter on his feet nor as strong as you in battle.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l570.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ποσὶν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to θάσσων","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"θάσσων","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"swifter"},{"surface":"ἄλκιμος","lemma":"ἄλκιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"valiant"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἄλκιμος","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":571,"label":"571","id":"b15-l571","source":"εἴ τινά που Τρώων ἐξάλμενος ἄνδρα βάλοισθα.","translation":"If only you might leap out and strike some Trojan.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l571.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"εἴ τινά που Τρώων ἐξάλμενος ἄνδρα βάλοισθα","title":"If only you might strike","body":"The optative βάλοισθα makes Menelaus's challenge a hopeful wish rather than a direct command. The participle ἐξάλμενος pictures Antilochus springing out from the line before the cast."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"τινά","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἄνδρα","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄνδρα","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἐξάλμενος","lemma":"ἐξάλλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βάλοισθα","gloss":"leaping out"},{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βάλοισθα","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"βάλοισθα","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"might strike"}]},{"number":572,"label":"572","id":"b15-l572","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν ὃ μὲν αὖτις ἀπέσσυτο, τὸν δʼ ὀρόθυνεν·","translation":"So speaking, Menelaus darted back again, but stirred Antilochus on.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l572.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπέσσυτο","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἀπέσσυτο","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἀπέσσυτο","lemma":"ἀποσεύω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rushed"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὀρόθυνεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀρόθυνεν","lemma":"ὀροθύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"roused"}]},{"number":573,"label":"573","id":"b15-l573","source":"ἐκ δʼ ἔθορε προμάχων, καὶ ἀκόντισε δουρὶ φαεινῷ","translation":"Antilochus sprang from the foremost fighters and cast his shining spear,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l573.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔθορε","lemma":"θρῴσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"leapt"},{"surface":"προμάχων","lemma":"πρόμαχος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἔθορε","gloss":"front ranks"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀκόντισε","lemma":"ἀκοντίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀκόντισε","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"φαεινῷ","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δουρὶ","gloss":"shining"}]},{"number":574,"label":"574","id":"b15-l574","source":"ἀμφὶ ἓ παπτήνας· ὑπὸ δὲ Τρῶες κεκάδοντο","translation":"glancing about him; and the Trojans gave ground","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l574.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"ἓ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀμφὶ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"παπτήνας","lemma":"παπταίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀκόντισε","gloss":"looking about"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of κεκάδοντο","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"κεκάδοντο","lemma":"χάζω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave ground"}]},{"number":575,"label":"575","id":"b15-l575","source":"ἀνδρὸς ἀκοντίσσαντος· ὃ δʼ οὐχ ἅλιον βέλος ἧκεν,","translation":"before the man's cast; and he did not send his weapon in vain,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l575.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρὸς","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of κεκάδοντο","gloss":"of a man"},{"surface":"ἀκοντίσσαντος","lemma":"ἀκοντίζω","morphology":"aorist active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"having cast"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀλλ̓","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐχ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἅλιον","lemma":"ἅλιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἧκεν","gloss":"in vain"},{"surface":"βέλος","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἧκεν","gloss":"shaft"},{"surface":"ἧκεν","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent"}]},{"number":576,"label":"576","id":"b15-l576","source":"ἀλλʼ Ἱκετάονος υἱὸν ὑπέρθυμον Μελάνιππον","translation":"but struck high-hearted Melanippus, Hicetaon's son,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l576.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ἱκετάονος","lemma":"Ἱκετάων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"Hicetaon's"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Μελάνιππον","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ὑπέρθυμον","lemma":"ὑπέρθυμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μελάνιππον","gloss":"high-hearted"},{"surface":"Μελάνιππον","lemma":"Μελάνιππος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"Melanippus"}]},{"number":577,"label":"577","id":"b15-l577","source":"νισόμενον πόλεμον δὲ βάλε στῆθος παρὰ μαζόν.","translation":"as he came into battle, in the chest beside the nipple.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l577.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νισόμενον","lemma":"νίσσομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"coming"},{"surface":"πόλεμον","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of νισόμενον","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"στῆθος","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"μαζόν","lemma":"μαστός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"nipple"}]},{"number":578,"label":"578","id":"b15-l578","source":"δούπησεν δὲ πεσών, τὸν δὲ σκότος ὄσσε κάλυψεν.","translation":"He fell with a thud, and darkness covered his eyes.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l578.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δούπησεν","lemma":"δουπέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell with a thud"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πεσών","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δούπησεν","gloss":"falling"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κάλυψεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σκότος","lemma":"σκότος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κάλυψεν","gloss":"darkness"},{"surface":"ὄσσε","lemma":"ὄσσε","morphology":"accusative dual neuter noun","role":"object of κάλυψεν","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"κάλυψεν","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"covered"}]},{"number":579,"label":"579","id":"b15-l579","source":"Ἀντίλοχος δʼ ἐπόρουσε κύων ὥς, ὅς τʼ ἐπὶ νεβρῷ","translation":"Antilochus sprang upon him like a hound that leaps","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l579.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Ἀντίλοχος δʼ ἐπόρουσε κύων ὥς","title":"Like a hound","body":"κύων ὥς opens the comparison after Antilochus has made the kill. He is the pursuing hound; the fallen Melanippus becomes the wounded fawn of the next lines."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντίλοχος","lemma":"Ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπόρουσε","gloss":"Antilochus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπόρουσε","lemma":"ἐπορούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sprang upon"},{"surface":"κύων","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"hound"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀΐξῃ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"νεβρῷ","lemma":"νεβρός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"fawn"}]},{"number":580,"label":"580","id":"b15-l580","source":"βλημένῳ ἀΐξῃ, τόν τʼ ἐξ εὐνῆφι θορόντα","translation":"upon a wounded fawn, which, as it sprang from its lair,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l580.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βλημένῳ","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, dative singular masculine","role":"modifies νεβρῷ","gloss":"wounded"},{"surface":"ἀΐξῃ","lemma":"ἀίσσω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing κύων","gloss":"leaps"},{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of βαλών","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"εὐνῆφι","lemma":"εὐνή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"lair"},{"surface":"θορόντα","lemma":"θρῴσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"having sprung"}]},{"number":581,"label":"581","id":"b15-l581","source":"θηρητὴρ ἐτύχησε βαλών, ὑπέλυσε δὲ γυῖα·","translation":"a hunter happened to strike, and loosened its limbs—","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l581.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θηρητὴρ","lemma":"θηρατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"hunter"},{"surface":"ἐτύχησε","lemma":"τυγχάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"happened"},{"surface":"βαλών","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐτύχησε","gloss":"having struck"},{"surface":"ὑπέλυσε","lemma":"ὑπολύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"loosened"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γυῖα","lemma":"γυῖον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ὑπέλυσε","gloss":"limbs"}]},{"number":582,"label":"582","id":"b15-l582","source":"ὣς ἐπὶ σοὶ Μελάνιππε θόρʼ Ἀντίλοχος μενεχάρμης","translation":"so upon you, Melanippus, Antilochus steadfast in battle sprang","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l582.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θόῤ","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"Μελάνιππε","lemma":"Μελάνιππος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Melanippus"},{"surface":"θόρ","lemma":"θρῴσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sprang"},{"surface":"Ἀντίλοχος","lemma":"Ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θόῤ","gloss":"Antilochus"},{"surface":"μενεχάρμης","lemma":"μενεχάρμης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀντίλοχος","gloss":"steadfast in battle"}]},{"number":583,"label":"583","id":"b15-l583","source":"τεύχεα συλήσων· ἀλλʼ οὐ λάθεν Ἕκτορα δῖον,","translation":"to strip his armor; but he did not escape godlike Hector's notice,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l583.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τεύχεα συλήσων","title":"Intending to strip the armor","body":"The future participle συλήσων expresses Antilochus's purpose: he springs forward intending to strip Melanippus. Hector interrupts the attempt before it is completed."}],"words":[{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of συλήσων","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"συλήσων","lemma":"συλάω","morphology":"future active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to θόῤ","gloss":"to despoil"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"λάθεν","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"escaped notice of"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορα","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λάθεν","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δῖον","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορα","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":584,"label":"584","id":"b15-l584","source":"ὅς ῥά οἱ ἀντίος ἦλθε θέων ἀνὰ δηϊοτῆτα.","translation":"who ran to meet him through the battle.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l584.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦλθε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀντίος","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἀντίος","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"to meet him"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἕκτορα","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"θέων","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"running"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"δηϊοτῆτα","lemma":"δηιοτής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀνὰ","gloss":"battle strife"}]},{"number":585,"label":"585","id":"b15-l585","source":"Ἀντίλοχος δʼ οὐ μεῖνε θοός περ ἐὼν πολεμιστής,","translation":"Antilochus did not stand his ground, swift fighter though he was,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l585.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντίλοχος","lemma":"Ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μεῖνε","gloss":"Antilochus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μεῖνε","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood his ground"},{"surface":"θοός","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πολεμιστής","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μεῖνε","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"πολεμιστής","lemma":"πολεμιστής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a warrior"}]},{"number":586,"label":"586","id":"b15-l586","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅ γʼ ἄρʼ ἔτρεσε θηρὶ κακὸν ῥέξαντι ἐοικώς,","translation":"but fled like a beast that has done some harm,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l586.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"θηρὶ κακὸν ῥέξαντι ἐοικώς","title":"Like a beast that has done harm","body":"The perfect participle ἐοικώς introduces a second animal comparison. Antilochus is now the fleeing beast, reversing his role as the hound in the preceding simile."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔτρεσε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔτρεσε","lemma":"τρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fled"},{"surface":"θηρὶ","lemma":"θήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐοικώς","gloss":"a wild beast"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ῥέξαντι","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"ῥέξαντι","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"aorist active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"having done harm"},{"surface":"ἐοικώς","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔτρεσε","gloss":"like"}]},{"number":587,"label":"587","id":"b15-l587","source":"ὅς τε κύνα κτείνας ἢ βουκόλον ἀμφὶ βόεσσι","translation":"one that has killed a dog or a herdsman among the cattle","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l587.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φεύγει","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κύνα","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἢ","gloss":"dog"},{"surface":"κτείνας","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to φεύγει","gloss":"having killed"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"βουκόλον","lemma":"βουκόλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἢ","gloss":"herdsman"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"βόεσσι","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"cattle"}]},{"number":588,"label":"588","id":"b15-l588","source":"φεύγει πρίν περ ὅμιλον ἀολλισθήμεναι ἀνδρῶν·","translation":"and escapes before a crowd of men can gather.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l588.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φεύγει","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing θηρὶ","gloss":"escapes"},{"surface":"πρίν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὅμιλον","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀολλισθήμεναι","gloss":"the throng"},{"surface":"ἀολλισθήμεναι","lemma":"ἀολλίζω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to πρίν","gloss":"can gather"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὅμιλον","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":589,"label":"589","id":"b15-l589","source":"ὣς τρέσε Νεστορίδης, ἐπὶ δὲ Τρῶές τε καὶ Ἕκτωρ","translation":"So Nestor's son fled, while Hector and the Trojans behind him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l589.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τρέσε","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"τρέσε","lemma":"τρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fled"},{"surface":"Νεστορίδης","lemma":"Νεστορίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τρέσε","gloss":"son of Nestor"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τρῶές","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":590,"label":"590","id":"b15-l590","source":"ἠχῇ θεσπεσίῃ βέλεα στονόεντα χέοντο·","translation":"with wondrous clamor poured their groan-bringing missiles after them.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l590.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠχῇ","lemma":"ἠχή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to χέοντο","gloss":"with a roar"},{"surface":"θεσπεσίῃ","lemma":"θεσπέσιος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἠχῇ","gloss":"wondrous"},{"surface":"βέλεα","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of χέοντο","gloss":"missiles"},{"surface":"στονόεντα","lemma":"στονόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies βέλεα","gloss":"groan-bringing"},{"surface":"χέοντο","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured"}]},{"number":591,"label":"591","id":"b15-l591","source":"στῆ δὲ μεταστρεφθείς, ἐπεὶ ἵκετο ἔθνος ἑταίρων.","translation":"He stood and turned about when he reached the host of his comrades.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l591.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μεταστρεφθείς","lemma":"μεταστρέφω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to στῆ","gloss":"turned about"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵκετο","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἵκετο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to στῆ","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"ἔθνος","lemma":"ἔθνος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἵκετο","gloss":"throng"},{"surface":"ἑταίρων","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἔθνος","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":592,"label":"592","id":"b15-l592","source":"Τρῶες δὲ λείουσιν ἐοικότες ὠμοφάγοισι","translation":"But the Trojans, like raw-flesh-eating lions,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l592.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"λείουσιν ἐοικότες ὠμοφάγοισι","title":"Lions that eat flesh raw","body":"ὠμοφάγος means \"eating raw flesh.\" The image gives the Trojan rush a predator's hunger before Hector singles out one victim from the retreating mass."}],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λείουσιν","lemma":"λέων","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐοικότες","gloss":"lions"},{"surface":"ἐοικότες","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπεσσεύοντο","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ὠμοφάγοισι","lemma":"ὠμόφαγος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies λείουσιν","gloss":"raw-flesh-eating"}]},{"number":593,"label":"593","id":"b15-l593","source":"νηυσὶν ἐπεσσεύοντο, Διὸς δʼ ἐτέλειον ἐφετμάς,","translation":"swept upon the ships and fulfilled the commands of Zeus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l593.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπεσσεύοντο","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐπεσσεύοντο","lemma":"ἐπισσεύω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"swept upon"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐφετμάς","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐτέλειον","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fulfilled"},{"surface":"ἐφετμάς","lemma":"ἐφετμή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐτέλειον","gloss":"commands"}]},{"number":594,"label":"594","id":"b15-l594","source":"ὅ σφισιν αἰὲν ἔγειρε μένος μέγα, θέλγε δὲ θυμὸν","translation":"who ever roused great strength in them, but bewitched the spirit","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l594.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"σφισιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔγειρε","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"αἰὲν","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔγειρε","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"ἔγειρε","lemma":"ἐγείρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"stirred"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔγειρε","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"θέλγε","lemma":"θέλγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"bewitched"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of θέλγε","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":595,"label":"595","id":"b15-l595","source":"Ἀργείων καὶ κῦδος ἀπαίνυτο, τοὺς δʼ ὀρόθυνεν.","translation":"of the Argives and robbed them of glory, while urging the Trojans on,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l595.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργείων","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies θυμὸν","gloss":"Argives"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κῦδος","lemma":"κῦδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπαίνυτο","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ἀπαίνυτο","lemma":"ἀπαίνυμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"robbed away"},{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὀρόθυνεν","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀρόθυνεν","lemma":"ὀροθύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"roused"}]},{"number":596,"label":"596","id":"b15-l596","source":"Ἕκτορι γάρ οἱ θυμὸς ἐβούλετο κῦδος ὀρέξαι","translation":"for the heart of Zeus wished to grant glory to Hector.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l596.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορι","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀρέξαι","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies θυμὸς","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐβούλετο","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐβούλετο","lemma":"βούλομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wished"},{"surface":"κῦδος","lemma":"κῦδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὀρέξαι","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ὀρέξαι","lemma":"ὀρέγω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἐβούλετο","gloss":"to grant"}]},{"number":597,"label":"597","id":"b15-l597","source":"Πριαμίδῃ, ἵνα νηυσὶ κορωνίσι θεσπιδαὲς πῦρ","translation":"Priam's son, so that upon the curved ships heaven-kindled fire,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l597.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πριαμίδῃ","lemma":"Πριαμίδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἕκτορι","gloss":"son of Priam"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐμβάλοι","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"κορωνίσι","lemma":"κορωνίς","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶ","gloss":"curved"},{"surface":"θεσπιδαὲς","lemma":"θεσπιδαής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πῦρ","gloss":"god-kindled"},{"surface":"πῦρ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐμβάλοι","gloss":"fire"}]},{"number":598,"label":"598","id":"b15-l598","source":"ἐμβάλοι ἀκάματον, Θέτιδος δʼ ἐξαίσιον ἀρὴν","translation":"unwearying, he might cast, and fulfill Thetis' excessive prayer","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l598.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Θέτιδος δʼ ἐξαίσιον ἀρὴν","title":"Thetis' excessive prayer","body":"ἐξαίσιος describes something beyond what is fitting or allotted. Thetis asked Zeus to honor Achilles by making the Achaeans suffer, and the burning of a ship is the extreme limit to which Zeus carries that request."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐμβάλοι","lemma":"ἐμβάλλω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"might cast"},{"surface":"ἀκάματον","lemma":"ἀκάματος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πῦρ","gloss":"tireless"},{"surface":"Θέτιδος","lemma":"Θέτις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀρὴν","gloss":"Thetis"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξαίσιον","lemma":"ἐξαίσιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀρὴν","gloss":"excessive"},{"surface":"ἀρὴν","lemma":"ἀρά","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπικρήνειε","gloss":"prayer"}]},{"number":599,"label":"599","id":"b15-l599","source":"πᾶσαν ἐπικρήνειε· τὸ γὰρ μένε μητίετα Ζεὺς","translation":"in full; for Zeus the counselor waited for this:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l599.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πᾶσαν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀρὴν","gloss":"in full"},{"surface":"ἐπικρήνειε","lemma":"ἐπικραίνω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"might fulfill"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μένε","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"waited"},{"surface":"μητίετα","lemma":"μητίετα","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεὺς","gloss":"the counselor"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μένε","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":600,"label":"600","id":"b15-l600","source":"νηὸς καιομένης σέλας ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ἰδέσθαι.","translation":"to see with his own eyes the blaze of a burning ship.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l600.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies σέλας","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"καιομένης","lemma":"καίω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular feminine","role":"modifies νηὸς","gloss":"burning"},{"surface":"σέλας","lemma":"σέλας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἰδέσθαι","gloss":"flash"},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμοῖσιν","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἰδέσθαι","gloss":"with his eyes"},{"surface":"ἰδέσθαι","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object","gloss":"to behold"}]},{"number":601,"label":"601","id":"b15-l601","source":"ἐκ γὰρ δὴ τοῦ μέλλε παλίωξιν παρὰ νηῶν","translation":"For from that moment he intended to bring about a rout from the ships","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l601.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"that moment"},{"surface":"μέλλε","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was destined"},{"surface":"παλίωξιν","lemma":"παλίωξις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of θησέμεναι","gloss":"counter-pursuit"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies παρὰ","gloss":"ships"}]},{"number":602,"label":"602","id":"b15-l602","source":"θησέμεναι Τρώων, Δαναοῖσι δὲ κῦδος ὀρέξειν.","translation":"of the Trojans, and to grant glory to the Danaans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l602.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θησέμεναι","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"to bring about"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies παλίωξιν","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"Δαναοῖσι","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὀρέξειν","gloss":"the Danaans"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κῦδος","lemma":"κῦδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὀρέξειν","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ὀρέξειν","lemma":"ὀρέγω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"to grant"}]},{"number":603,"label":"603","id":"b15-l603","source":"τὰ φρονέων νήεσσιν ἔπι γλαφυρῇσιν ἔγειρεν","translation":"With this in mind, he drove against the hollow ships","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l603.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of φρονέων","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"φρονέων","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔγειρεν","gloss":"intending"},{"surface":"νήεσσιν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔπι","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"γλαφυρῇσιν","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νήεσσιν","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"ἔγειρεν","lemma":"ἐγείρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stirred"}]},{"number":604,"label":"604","id":"b15-l604","source":"Ἕκτορα Πριαμίδην μάλα περ μεμαῶτα καὶ αὐτόν.","translation":"Hector, Priam's son, though he was fiercely eager himself.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l604.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορα","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔγειρεν","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"Πριαμίδην","lemma":"Πριαμίδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἕκτορα","gloss":"son of Priam"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μεμαῶτα","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"μεμαῶτα","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"eager"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"αὐτόν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"}]},{"number":605,"label":"605","id":"b15-l605","source":"μαίνετο δʼ ὡς ὅτʼ Ἄρης ἐγχέσπαλος ἢ ὀλοὸν πῦρ","translation":"He raged as spear-brandishing Ares rages, or deadly fire","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l605.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μαίνετο","lemma":"μαίνομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"raged"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"Ἄρης","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Ares"},{"surface":"ἐγχέσπαλος","lemma":"ἐγχέσπαλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρης","gloss":"spear-fighting"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ὀλοὸν","lemma":"ὀλοός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πῦρ","gloss":"deadly"},{"surface":"πῦρ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of μαίνηται","gloss":"fire"}]},{"number":606,"label":"606","id":"b15-l606","source":"οὔρεσι μαίνηται βαθέης ἐν τάρφεσιν ὕλης·","translation":"among the mountains in the thickets of a deep forest.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l606.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔρεσι","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to μαίνηται","gloss":"mountains"},{"surface":"μαίνηται","lemma":"μαίνομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"rages"},{"surface":"βαθέης","lemma":"βαθύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὕλης","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"τάρφεσιν","lemma":"τάρφος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"thickets"},{"surface":"ὕλης","lemma":"ὕλη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies τάρφεσιν","gloss":"forest"}]},{"number":607,"label":"607","id":"b15-l607","source":"ἀφλοισμὸς δὲ περὶ στόμα γίγνετο, τὼ δέ οἱ ὄσσε","translation":"Foam formed about his mouth, and his two eyes","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l607.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀφλοισμὸς δὲ περὶ στόμα γίγνετο","title":"Foam at Hector's mouth","body":"ἀφλοισμός is foam or froth. Homer makes Hector's divinely driven fury bodily and visible before describing his blazing eyes and shaking helmet."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀφλοισμὸς","lemma":"ἀφλοισμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of γίγνετο","gloss":"foam"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"στόμα","lemma":"στόμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"mouth"},{"surface":"γίγνετο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"formed"},{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual neuter article","role":"modifies ὄσσε","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὄσσε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ὄσσε","lemma":"ὄσσε","morphology":"nominative dual neuter noun","role":"subject of λαμπέσθην","gloss":"eyes"}]},{"number":608,"label":"608","id":"b15-l608","source":"λαμπέσθην βλοσυρῇσιν ὑπʼ ὀφρύσιν, ἀμφὶ δὲ πήληξ","translation":"blazed beneath his grim brows, while round his head the helmet","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l608.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λαμπέσθην","lemma":"λάμπω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flashed"},{"surface":"βλοσυρῇσιν","lemma":"βλοσυρός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὀφρύσιν","gloss":"grim"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"ὀφρύσιν","lemma":"ὀφρύς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπ̓","gloss":"brows"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πήληξ","lemma":"πήληξ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τινάσσετο","gloss":"helmet"}]},{"number":609,"label":"609","id":"b15-l609","source":"σμερδαλέον κροτάφοισι τινάσσετο μαρναμένοιο","translation":"shook terribly upon his temples as he fought.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l609.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σμερδαλέον","lemma":"σμερδαλέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to τινάσσετο","gloss":"terribly"},{"surface":"κροτάφοισι","lemma":"κρόταφος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"temples"},{"surface":"τινάσσετο","lemma":"τινάσσω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shook"},{"surface":"μαρναμένοιο","lemma":"μάρναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as he fought"}]},{"number":610,"label":"610","id":"b15-l610","source":"Ἕκτορος· αὐτὸς γάρ οἱ ἀπʼ αἰθέρος ἦεν ἀμύντωρ","translation":"For Zeus himself was Hector's defender from the heavens,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l610.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορος","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πήληξ","gloss":"of Hector"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἦεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"αἰθέρος","lemma":"αἰθήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπ̓","gloss":"clear sky"},{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ἀμύντωρ","lemma":"ἀμύντωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"defender"}]},{"number":611,"label":"611","id":"b15-l611","source":"Ζεύς, ὅς μιν πλεόνεσσι μετʼ ἀνδράσι μοῦνον ἐόντα","translation":"who, though he stood alone among many men,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l611.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεύς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦεν","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"πλεόνεσσι","lemma":"πλείων","morphology":"dative plural neuter comparative adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδράσι","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἀνδράσι","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μετ̓","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"μοῦνον","lemma":"μόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":612,"label":"612","id":"b15-l612","source":"τίμα καὶ κύδαινε. μινυνθάδιος γὰρ ἔμελλεν","translation":"honored and glorified him; for he was destined","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l612.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μινυνθάδιος","title":"Destined to be short-lived","body":"μινυνθάδιος means lasting only a little while. Zeus's present gift of glory is set at once against Hector's approaching death."}],"words":[{"surface":"τίμα","lemma":"τιμάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"honored"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κύδαινε","lemma":"κυδαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"glorified"},{"surface":"μινυνθάδιος","lemma":"μινυνθάδιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"short-lived"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔμελλεν","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was destined"}]},{"number":613,"label":"613","id":"b15-l613","source":"ἔσσεσθʼ· ἤδη γάρ οἱ ἐπόρνυε μόρσιμον ἦμαρ","translation":"to be short-lived; for already the day appointed for his death","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l613.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσσεσθ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ἔμελλεν","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπόρνυε","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπόρνυε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἐπόρνυε","lemma":"ἐπόρνυμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rouse against him"},{"surface":"μόρσιμον","lemma":"μόρσιμος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦμαρ","gloss":"fated"},{"surface":"ἦμαρ","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπόρνυε","gloss":"day"}]},{"number":614,"label":"614","id":"b15-l614","source":"Παλλὰς Ἀθηναίη ὑπὸ Πηλεΐδαο βίηφιν.","translation":"Pallas Athena was setting in motion through the force of the son of Peleus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l614.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Παλλὰς","lemma":"Παλλάς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθηναίη","gloss":"Pallas"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐπόρνυε","gloss":"Athena"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"Πηλεΐδαο","lemma":"Πηλείδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies βίηφιν","gloss":"son of Peleus"},{"surface":"βίηφιν","lemma":"βία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὸ","gloss":"force"}]},{"number":615,"label":"615","id":"b15-l615","source":"καί ῥʼ ἔθελεν ῥῆξαι στίχας ἀνδρῶν πειρητίζων,","translation":"He sought to break the ranks of men, testing them","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l615.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔθελεν","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sought"},{"surface":"ῥῆξαι","lemma":"ῥήγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἔθελεν","gloss":"to break"},{"surface":"στίχας","lemma":"στίξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ῥῆξαι","gloss":"ranks"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies στίχας","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"πειρητίζων","lemma":"πειρητίζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔθελεν","gloss":"testing"}]},{"number":616,"label":"616","id":"b15-l616","source":"ᾗ δὴ πλεῖστον ὅμιλον ὅρα καὶ τεύχεʼ ἄριστα·","translation":"wherever he saw the greatest mass and the finest armor.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l616.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ᾗ","lemma":"ᾗ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὅρα","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πλεῖστον","lemma":"πλεῖστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὅμιλον","gloss":"thickest"},{"surface":"ὅμιλον","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"throng"},{"surface":"ὅρα","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to πειρητίζων","gloss":"he saw"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τεύχε","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἄριστα","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεύχἐ","gloss":"finest"}]},{"number":617,"label":"617","id":"b15-l617","source":"ἀλλʼ οὐδʼ ὧς δύνατο ῥῆξαι μάλα περ μενεαίνων·","translation":"Yet even so he could not break them, though he raged to do it,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l617.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"ὧς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δύνατο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"δύνατο","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"ῥῆξαι","lemma":"ῥήγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δύνατο","gloss":"break them"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μενεαίνων","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"μενεαίνων","lemma":"μενεαίνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δύνατο","gloss":"raging"}]},{"number":618,"label":"618","id":"b15-l618","source":"ἴσχον γὰρ πυργηδὸν ἀρηρότες, ἠΰτε πέτρη","translation":"for they held firm, fitted together like a tower, like a rock","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l618.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πυργηδὸν ἀρηρότες","title":"Fitted together like a tower","body":"πυργηδόν means \"tower-like,\" while ἀρηρότες describes men fitted closely together. The phrase turns the Achaean formation into a single built defense before the simile turns it into a sea-cliff."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἴσχον","lemma":"ἴσχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held firm"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πυργηδὸν","lemma":"πυργηδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀρηρότες","gloss":"tower-like"},{"surface":"ἀρηρότες","lemma":"ἀραρίσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἴσχον","gloss":"fitted together"},{"surface":"ἠΰτε","lemma":"ἠύτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"πέτρη","lemma":"πέτρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"rock"}]},{"number":619,"label":"619","id":"b15-l619","source":"ἠλίβατος μεγάλη πολιῆς ἁλὸς ἐγγὺς ἐοῦσα,","translation":"great and sheer, standing close beside the gray sea,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l619.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠλίβατος","lemma":"ἠλίβατος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πέτρη","gloss":"sheer"},{"surface":"μεγάλη","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πέτρη","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"πολιῆς","lemma":"πολιός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἁλὸς","gloss":"gray"},{"surface":"ἁλὸς","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐγγὺς","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"ἐγγὺς","lemma":"ἐγγύς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἐοῦσα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifies πέτρη","gloss":"standing"}]},{"number":620,"label":"620","id":"b15-l620","source":"ἥ τε μένει λιγέων ἀνέμων λαιψηρὰ κέλευθα","translation":"which withstands the swift courses of shrill winds","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l620.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of μένει","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μένει","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing πέτρη","gloss":"withstands"},{"surface":"λιγέων","lemma":"λιγύς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνέμων","gloss":"shrill"},{"surface":"ἀνέμων","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies κέλευθα","gloss":"winds"},{"surface":"λαιψηρὰ","lemma":"λαιψηρός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κέλευθα","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"κέλευθα","lemma":"κέλευθος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"courses"}]},{"number":621,"label":"621","id":"b15-l621","source":"κύματά τε τροφόεντα, τά τε προσερεύγεται αὐτήν·","translation":"and the swelling waves that belch against it.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l621.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κύματά","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"waves"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τροφόεντα","lemma":"τροφόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κύματά","gloss":"swelling"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of προσερεύγεται","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"προσερεύγεται","lemma":"προσερεύγομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing κύματά","gloss":"belches against"},{"surface":"αὐτήν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"object of προσερεύγεται","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":622,"label":"622","id":"b15-l622","source":"ὣς Δαναοὶ Τρῶας μένον ἔμπεδον οὐδὲ φέβοντο.","translation":"So the Danaans waited steadily for the Trojans and did not flee.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l622.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μένον","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"Δαναοὶ","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of μένον","gloss":"Danaans"},{"surface":"Τρῶας","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μένον","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"μένον","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"waited"},{"surface":"ἔμπεδον","lemma":"ἔμπεδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to μένον","gloss":"steadfast"},{"surface":"φέβοντο","lemma":"φέβομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fled"}]},{"number":623,"label":"623","id":"b15-l623","source":"αὐτὰρ ὃ λαμπόμενος πυρὶ πάντοθεν ἔνθορʼ ὁμίλῳ,","translation":"But Hector, blazing with fire on every side, leapt into the throng","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l623.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔνθοῤ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"λαμπόμενος","lemma":"λάμπω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔνθοῤ","gloss":"blazing"},{"surface":"πυρὶ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to λαμπόμενος","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"πάντοθεν","lemma":"πάντοθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λαμπόμενος","gloss":"from every side"},{"surface":"ἔνθορ","lemma":"ἐνθρώσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"leapt into"},{"surface":"ὁμίλῳ","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔνθοῤ","gloss":"throng"}]},{"number":624,"label":"624","id":"b15-l624","source":"ἐν δʼ ἔπεσʼ ὡς ὅτε κῦμα θοῇ ἐν νηῒ πέσῃσι","translation":"and fell upon them as when a wave falls upon a swift ship,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l624.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπεσ","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πέσῃσι","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"κῦμα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of πέσῃσι","gloss":"a wave"},{"surface":"θοῇ","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῒ","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"νηῒ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"πέσῃσι","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἔπεσ̓","gloss":"falls"}]},{"number":625,"label":"625","id":"b15-l625","source":"λάβρον ὑπαὶ νεφέων ἀνεμοτρεφές· ἣ δέ τε πᾶσα","translation":"violent beneath the clouds and nursed by the wind; the ship is wholly","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l625.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λάβρον","lemma":"λάβρος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῦμα","gloss":"furious"},{"surface":"ὑπαὶ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"νεφέων","lemma":"νέφος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπαὶ","gloss":"clouds"},{"surface":"ἀνεμοτρεφές","lemma":"ἀνεμοτρεφής","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῦμα","gloss":"wind-nurtured"},{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ὑπεκρύφθη","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πᾶσα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":626,"label":"626","id":"b15-l626","source":"ἄχνῃ ὑπεκρύφθη, ἀνέμοιο δὲ δεινὸς ἀήτη","translation":"hidden under foam, and the wind's dreadful blast","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l626.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄχνῃ","lemma":"ἄχνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπεκρύφθη","gloss":"foam"},{"surface":"ὑπεκρύφθη","lemma":"ὑποκρύπτω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was hidden beneath"},{"surface":"ἀνέμοιο","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀήτη","gloss":"wind's"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δεινὸς","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀήτη","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"ἀήτη","lemma":"ἀήτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐμβρέμεται","gloss":"blast"}]},{"number":627,"label":"627","id":"b15-l627","source":"ἱστίῳ ἐμβρέμεται, τρομέουσι δέ τε φρένα ναῦται","translation":"roars in the sail, while the sailors' hearts tremble","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l627.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἱστίῳ","lemma":"ἱστίον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐμβρέμεται","gloss":"the sail"},{"surface":"ἐμβρέμεται","lemma":"ἐμβρέμομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"roars within"},{"surface":"τρομέουσι","lemma":"τρομέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tremble"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φρένα","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to τρομέουσι","gloss":"hearts"},{"surface":"ναῦται","lemma":"ναύτης","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τρομέουσι","gloss":"sailors"}]},{"number":628,"label":"628","id":"b15-l628","source":"δειδιότες· τυτθὸν γὰρ ὑπʼ ἐκ θανάτοιο φέρονται·","translation":"in fear, for they are borne only a little way out from under death—","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l628.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"τυτθὸν γὰρ ὑπʼ ἐκ θανάτοιο φέρονται","title":"Barely carried out of death","body":"τυτθόν means \"a little\" or \"by a small margin.\" The sailors do not master the storm; they are carried out from under death with almost no distance to spare."}],"words":[{"surface":"δειδιότες","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to τρομέουσι","gloss":"fearing"},{"surface":"τυτθὸν","lemma":"τυτθός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to φέρονται","gloss":"only a little"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"θανάτοιο","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"of death"},{"surface":"φέρονται","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are borne"}]},{"number":629,"label":"629","id":"b15-l629","source":"ὣς ἐδαΐζετο θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν Ἀχαιῶν.","translation":"so the spirit in the Achaeans' breasts was torn apart.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l629.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐδαΐζετο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἐδαΐζετο","lemma":"δαίζω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was torn apart"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐδαΐζετο","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσιν","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐνὶ","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies στήθεσσιν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":630,"label":"630","id":"b15-l630","source":"αὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ ὥς τε λέων ὀλοόφρων βουσὶν ἐπελθών,","translation":"But Hector came on like a murderous-minded lion among cattle","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l630.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λέων","lemma":"λέων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"a lion"},{"surface":"ὀλοόφρων","lemma":"ὀλοόφρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λέων","gloss":"murderous-minded"},{"surface":"βουσὶν","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπελθών","gloss":"among cattle"},{"surface":"ἐπελθών","lemma":"ἐπέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"came on"}]},{"number":631,"label":"631","id":"b15-l631","source":"αἵ ῥά τʼ ἐν εἱαμενῇ ἕλεος μεγάλοιο νέμονται","translation":"that graze in the meadow of a great marsh,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l631.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of νέμονται","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"εἱαμενῇ","lemma":"εἱαμενή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"bottomland"},{"surface":"ἕλεος","lemma":"ἕλος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies εἱαμενῇ","gloss":"marsh"},{"surface":"μεγάλοιο","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἕλεος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"νέμονται","lemma":"νέμω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δέ","gloss":"graze"}]},{"number":632,"label":"632","id":"b15-l632","source":"μυρίαι, ἐν δέ τε τῇσι νομεὺς οὔ πω σάφα εἰδὼς","translation":"thousands of them; and among them is a herdsman who does not yet know clearly","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l632.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μυρίαι","lemma":"μυρίος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἵ","gloss":"thousands"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τῇσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"νομεὺς","lemma":"νομεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"herdsman"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πω","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to εἰδὼς","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"σάφα","lemma":"σάφα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰδὼς","gloss":"clearly"},{"surface":"εἰδὼς","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies νομεὺς","gloss":"knowing"}]},{"number":633,"label":"633","id":"b15-l633","source":"θηρὶ μαχέσσασθαι ἕλικος βοὸς ἀμφὶ φονῇσιν·","translation":"how to fight the beast over the slaughter of a curving-horned cow.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l633.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θηρὶ","lemma":"θήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μαχέσσασθαι","gloss":"the beast"},{"surface":"μαχέσσασθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of εἰδὼς","gloss":"to fight"},{"surface":"ἕλικος","lemma":"ἕλιξ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies βοὸς","gloss":"curved-horned"},{"surface":"βοὸς","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies φονῇσιν","gloss":"cow"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"φονῇσιν","lemma":"φονή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"slaughter"}]},{"number":634,"label":"634","id":"b15-l634","source":"ἤτοι ὃ μὲν πρώτῃσι καὶ ὑστατίῃσι βόεσσιν","translation":"Now he is among the foremost cattle and the rearmost,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l634.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὁμοστιχάει","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πρώτῃσι","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"foremost"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑστατίῃσι","lemma":"ὑστάτιος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"rearmost"},{"surface":"βόεσσιν","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὁμοστιχάει","gloss":"cattle"}]},{"number":635,"label":"635","id":"b15-l635","source":"αἰὲν ὁμοστιχάει, ὃ δέ τʼ ἐν μέσσῃσιν ὀρούσας","translation":"always walking beside them; but the lion springs among the middle,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l635.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰὲν","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὁμοστιχάει","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"ὁμοστιχάει","lemma":"ὁμοστιχάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"walks alongside"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔδει","gloss":"the lion"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μέσσῃσιν","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"ὀρούσας","lemma":"ὀρούω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔδει","gloss":"having sprung"}]},{"number":636,"label":"636","id":"b15-l636","source":"βοῦν ἔδει, αἳ δέ τε πᾶσαι ὑπέτρεσαν· ὣς τότʼ Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"and devours a cow, and all the rest shrink away; so then the Achaeans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l636.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βοῦν","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔδει","gloss":"a cow"},{"surface":"ἔδει","lemma":"ἔδω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"devours"},{"surface":"αἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ὑπέτρεσαν","gloss":"the rest"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πᾶσαι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἳ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ὑπέτρεσαν","lemma":"ὑποτρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shrink away"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐφόβηθεν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"τότ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐφόβηθεν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐφόβηθεν","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":637,"label":"637","id":"b15-l637","source":"θεσπεσίως ἐφόβηθεν ὑφʼ Ἕκτορι καὶ Διὶ πατρὶ","translation":"fled beyond telling before Hector and father Zeus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l637.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θεσπεσίως","lemma":"θεσπέσιος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐφόβηθεν","gloss":"beyond telling"},{"surface":"ἐφόβηθεν","lemma":"φοβέω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fled in rout"},{"surface":"ὑφ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορι","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Διὶ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"πατρὶ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Διὶ","gloss":"father"}]},{"number":638,"label":"638","id":"b15-l638","source":"πάντες, ὃ δʼ οἶον ἔπεφνε Μυκηναῖον Περιφήτην,","translation":"all of them; but Hector killed only Periphetes the Mycenaean,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l638.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"οἶον ἔπεφνε Μυκηναῖον Περιφήτην","title":"Hector killed only Periphetes","body":"οἶον, \"only,\" sharply limits Hector's killing in this charge. The whole Achaean army flees, but the narrator names Periphetes as Hector's single victim here."}],"words":[{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοὶ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔπεφνε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οἶον","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"ἔπεφνε","lemma":"θείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"Μυκηναῖον","lemma":"Μυκηναῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Περιφήτην","gloss":"Mycenaean"},{"surface":"Περιφήτην","lemma":"Περιφήτης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"Periphetes"}]},{"number":639,"label":"639","id":"b15-l639","source":"Κοπρῆος φίλον υἱόν, ὃς Εὐρυσθῆος ἄνακτος","translation":"the dear son of Copreus, who for lord Eurystheus","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l639.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Κοπρῆος","lemma":"Κοπρεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱόν","gloss":"of Copreus"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱόν","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"υἱόν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of οἴχνεσκε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"Εὐρυσθῆος","lemma":"Εὐρυσθεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀγγελίης","gloss":"Eurystheus"},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Εὐρυσθῆος","gloss":"lord"}]},{"number":640,"label":"640","id":"b15-l640","source":"ἀγγελίης οἴχνεσκε βίῃ Ἡρακληείῃ.","translation":"used to carry messages to the mighty strength of Heracles.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l640.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγγελίης","lemma":"ἀγγελία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to οἴχνεσκε","gloss":"messages"},{"surface":"οἴχνεσκε","lemma":"οἰχνέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Περιφήτην","gloss":"used to carry"},{"surface":"βίῃ","lemma":"βία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of οἴχνεσκε","gloss":"mighty strength"},{"surface":"Ἡρακληείῃ","lemma":"Ἡράκλειος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies βίῃ","gloss":"of Heracles"}]},{"number":641,"label":"641","id":"b15-l641","source":"τοῦ γένετʼ ἐκ πατρὸς πολὺ χείρονος υἱὸς ἀμείνων","translation":"From that much worse father was born a better son,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l641.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine article","role":"modifies πατρὸς","gloss":"from that"},{"surface":"γένετ","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was born"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to χείρονος","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"χείρονος","lemma":"χείρων","morphology":"genitive singular comparative adjective","role":"modifies πατρὸς","gloss":"the worse"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of γένετ̓","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἀμείνων","lemma":"ἀμείνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"better"}]},{"number":642,"label":"642","id":"b15-l642","source":"παντοίας ἀρετάς, ἠμὲν πόδας ἠδὲ μάχεσθαι,","translation":"excellent in every way, both in speed of foot and in fighting,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l642.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παντοίας","lemma":"παντοῖος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀρετάς","gloss":"in every way"},{"surface":"ἀρετάς","lemma":"ἀρετή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"excellence"},{"surface":"ἠμὲν","lemma":"ἠμέν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"πόδας","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"speed of foot"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":643,"label":"643","id":"b15-l643","source":"καὶ νόον ἐν πρώτοισι Μυκηναίων ἐτέτυκτο·","translation":"and in understanding he stood among the foremost Mycenaeans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l643.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νόον","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐτέτυκτο","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πρώτοισι","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the foremost"},{"surface":"Μυκηναίων","lemma":"Μυκηναῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies πρώτοισι","gloss":"Mycenaeans"},{"surface":"ἐτέτυκτο","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"}]},{"number":644,"label":"644","id":"b15-l644","source":"ὅς ῥα τόθʼ Ἕκτορι κῦδος ὑπέρτερον ἐγγυάλιξε.","translation":"It was he who then handed Hector a greater glory.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l644.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐγγυάλιξε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τόθ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐγγυάλιξε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορι","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐγγυάλιξε","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"κῦδος","lemma":"κῦδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐγγυάλιξε","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ὑπέρτερον","lemma":"ὑπέρτερος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῦδος","gloss":"greater"},{"surface":"ἐγγυάλιξε","lemma":"ἐγγυαλίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"granted"}]},{"number":645,"label":"645","id":"b15-l645","source":"στρεφθεὶς γὰρ μετόπισθεν ἐν ἀσπίδος ἄντυγι πάλτο,","translation":"For as he turned back, he tripped against the rim of his shield,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l645.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐν ἀσπίδος ἄντυγι πάλτο","title":"Caught on the shield's rim","body":"ἄντυξ is the outer rim of the shield. As Periphetes turns, his own long shield catches him at the edge and causes the fall that leaves him exposed to Hector."}],"words":[{"surface":"στρεφθεὶς","lemma":"στρέφω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πάλτο","gloss":"turning back"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μετόπισθεν","lemma":"μετόπισθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of στρεφθεὶς","gloss":"backward"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἀσπίδος","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἄντυγι","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"ἄντυγι","lemma":"ἄντυξ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"rim"},{"surface":"πάλτο","lemma":"πάλλω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tripped"}]},{"number":646,"label":"646","id":"b15-l646","source":"τὴν αὐτὸς φορέεσκε ποδηνεκέʼ ἕρκος ἀκόντων·","translation":"which he always carried, a guard reaching to his feet against missiles.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l646.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ποδηνεκέʼ ἕρκος ἀκόντων","title":"A shield reaching to the feet","body":"ποδηνεκής means reaching down to the feet, and ἕρκος is a barrier or defense. The shield's great coverage normally protects Periphetes from missiles, but its length now helps bring him down."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"φορέεσκε","lemma":"φορέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀσπίδος","gloss":"always carried"},{"surface":"ποδηνεκέ","lemma":"ποδηνεκής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies τὴν","gloss":"reaching the feet"},{"surface":"ἕρκος","lemma":"ἕρκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"guard"},{"surface":"ἀκόντων","lemma":"ἄκων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἕρκος","gloss":"against missiles"}]},{"number":647,"label":"647","id":"b15-l647","source":"τῇ ὅ γʼ ἐνὶ βλαφθεὶς πέσεν ὕπτιος, ἀμφὶ δὲ πήληξ","translation":"Entangled in it, he fell on his back, and around him his helmet","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l647.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of πέσεν","gloss":"in it"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πέσεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"βλαφθεὶς","lemma":"βλάπτω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πέσεν","gloss":"entangled"},{"surface":"πέσεν","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"ὕπτιος","lemma":"ὕπτιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"on his back"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κονάβησε","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πήληξ","lemma":"πήληξ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of κονάβησε","gloss":"helmet"}]},{"number":648,"label":"648","id":"b15-l648","source":"σμερδαλέον κονάβησε περὶ κροτάφοισι πεσόντος.","translation":"clanged terribly about his temples as he fell.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l648.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σμερδαλέον","lemma":"σμερδαλέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to κονάβησε","gloss":"terribly"},{"surface":"κονάβησε","lemma":"κοναβέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"clanged"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"κροτάφοισι","lemma":"κρόταφος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"temples"},{"surface":"πεσόντος","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as he fell"}]},{"number":649,"label":"649","id":"b15-l649","source":"Ἕκτωρ δʼ ὀξὺ νόησε, θέων δέ οἱ ἄγχι παρέστη,","translation":"Hector saw at once, ran forward, and stood close beside him,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l649.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of νόησε","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀξὺ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to νόησε","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"νόησε","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"θέων","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to παρέστη","gloss":"ran forward"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἄγχι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἄγχι","lemma":"ἄγχι","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"παρέστη","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood close beside"}]},{"number":650,"label":"650","id":"b15-l650","source":"στήθεϊ δʼ ἐν δόρυ πῆξε, φίλων δέ μιν ἐγγὺς ἑταίρων","translation":"then planted his spear in his chest and, near his own companions,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l650.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"στήθεϊ δʼ ἐν δόρυ πῆξε","title":"The spear planted in his chest","body":"Homer fixes the fatal strike precisely in Periphetes' chest. Hector reaches him while he is still beside his companions and drives the spear in at close range."}],"words":[{"surface":"στήθεϊ","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δόρυ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of πῆξε","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"πῆξε","lemma":"πήγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"planted"},{"surface":"φίλων","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταίρων","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κτεῖν̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἐγγὺς","lemma":"ἐγγύς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἑταίρων","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐγγὺς","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":651,"label":"651","id":"b15-l651","source":"κτεῖνʼ· οἳ δʼ οὐκ ἐδύναντο καὶ ἀχνύμενοί περ ἑταίρου","translation":"killed him. Though grieving for their comrade, they could not","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l651.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κτεῖν","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"killed him"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐδύναντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐδύναντο","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἀχνύμενοί","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"present passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐδύναντο","gloss":"grieving"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἑταίρου","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀχνύμενοί","gloss":"their comrade"}]},{"number":652,"label":"652","id":"b15-l652","source":"χραισμεῖν· αὐτοὶ γὰρ μάλα δείδισαν Ἕκτορα δῖον.","translation":"help him, for they themselves greatly feared godlike Hector.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l652.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χραισμεῖν","lemma":"χραισμέω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐδύναντο","gloss":"help him"},{"surface":"αὐτοὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δείδισαν","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"δείδισαν","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they feared"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορα","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δείδισαν","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δῖον","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορα","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":653,"label":"653","id":"b15-l653","source":"εἰσωποὶ δʼ ἐγένοντο νεῶν, περὶ δʼ ἔσχεθον ἄκραι","translation":"They came in among the ships, and the outermost ships enclosed them,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l653.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰσωποὶ","lemma":"εἰσωπός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐγένοντο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"νεῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of εἰσωποὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔσχεθον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"enclosed"},{"surface":"ἄκραι","lemma":"ἄκρος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"outermost"}]},{"number":654,"label":"654","id":"b15-l654","source":"νῆες ὅσαι πρῶται εἰρύατο· τοὶ δʼ ἐπέχυντο.","translation":"all those drawn up in the first row; and the Trojans poured upon them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l654.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῆες","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔσχεθον","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ὅσαι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"subject of εἰρύατο","gloss":"all those"},{"surface":"πρῶται","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"εἰρύατο","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing νῆες","gloss":"drawn up"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπέχυντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπέχυντο","lemma":"ἐπιχέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured upon them"}]},{"number":655,"label":"655","id":"b15-l655","source":"Ἀργεῖοι δὲ νεῶν μὲν ἐχώρησαν καὶ ἀνάγκῃ","translation":"The Argives withdrew under compulsion from the ships,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l655.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργεῖοι","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐχώρησαν","gloss":"Argives"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νεῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐχώρησαν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐχώρησαν","lemma":"χωρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"withdrew"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἀνάγκῃ","lemma":"ἀνάγκη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐχώρησαν","gloss":"by compulsion"}]},{"number":656,"label":"656","id":"b15-l656","source":"τῶν πρωτέων, αὐτοῦ δὲ παρὰ κλισίῃσιν ἔμειναν","translation":"from those foremost, but stayed there beside the huts,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l656.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural feminine article","role":"modifies πρωτέων","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"πρωτέων","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νεῶν","gloss":"foremost"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔμειναν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"κλισίῃσιν","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"huts"},{"surface":"ἔμειναν","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stayed"}]},{"number":657,"label":"657","id":"b15-l657","source":"ἁθρόοι, οὐδὲ κέδασθεν ἀνὰ στρατόν· ἴσχε γὰρ αἰδὼς","translation":"in a body, and did not scatter through the camp, for shame held them","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l657.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἁθρόοι","lemma":"ἀθρόος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"in a body"},{"surface":"κέδασθεν","lemma":"κεδάννυμι","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were scattered"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"στρατόν","lemma":"στρατός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀνὰ","gloss":"camp"},{"surface":"ἴσχε","lemma":"ἴσχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held them"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"αἰδὼς","lemma":"αἰδώς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"shame"}]},{"number":658,"label":"658","id":"b15-l658","source":"καὶ δέος· ἀζηχὲς γὰρ ὁμόκλεον ἀλλήλοισι.","translation":"and fear; for without pause they shouted to one another.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l658.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δέος","lemma":"δέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"fear"},{"surface":"ἀζηχὲς","lemma":"ἀζηχής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ὁμόκλεον","gloss":"without pause"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ὁμόκλεον","lemma":"ὁμοκλέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shouted to"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλοισι","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ὁμόκλεον","gloss":"one another"}]},{"number":659,"label":"659","id":"b15-l659","source":"Νέστωρ αὖτε μάλιστα Γερήνιος οὖρος Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"And Nestor above all, the Gerenian bulwark of the Achaeans,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l659.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Γερήνιος οὖρος Ἀχαιῶν","title":"The Gerenian bulwark","body":"οὖρος pictures Nestor as a guard or bulwark of the Achaeans. The title stresses his defensive power through counsel and exhortation at the ships, not physical combat in the front rank."}],"words":[{"surface":"Νέστωρ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Nestor"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λίσσεθ̓","gloss":"most of all"},{"surface":"Γερήνιος","lemma":"Γερήνιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Νέστωρ","gloss":"Gerenian"},{"surface":"οὖρος","lemma":"οὖρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Νέστωρ","gloss":"bulwark"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies οὖρος","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":660,"label":"660","id":"b15-l660","source":"λίσσεθʼ ὑπὲρ τοκέων γουνούμενος ἄνδρα ἕκαστον·","translation":"begged each man, clasping his knees in his parents' name:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l660.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"λίσσεθʼ ὑπὲρ τοκέων γουνούμενος ἄνδρα ἕκαστον","title":"A plea by their parents","body":"The participle γουνούμενος evokes the suppliant's gesture of clasping the knees, while ὑπὲρ τοκέων gives the ground of the appeal: Nestor begs each warrior in his parents' name."}],"words":[{"surface":"λίσσεθ","lemma":"λίσσομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"begged"},{"surface":"ὑπὲρ","lemma":"ὑπέρ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"τοκέων","lemma":"τοκεύς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὲρ","gloss":"their parents"},{"surface":"γουνούμενος","lemma":"γουνόομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to λίσσεθ̓","gloss":"clasping knees"},{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λίσσεθ̓","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἕκαστον","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνδρα","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":661,"label":"661","id":"b15-l661","source":"ὦ φίλοι ἀνέρες ἔστε καὶ αἰδῶ θέσθʼ ἐνὶ θυμῷ","translation":"\"Friends, be men, and set a sense of shame within your hearts","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l661.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"o"},{"surface":"φίλοι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friends"},{"surface":"ἀνέρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἔστε","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰδῶ","lemma":"αἰδώς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of θέσθ̓","gloss":"shame"},{"surface":"θέσθ","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":662,"label":"662","id":"b15-l662","source":"ἄλλων ἀνθρώπων, ἐπὶ δὲ μνήσασθε ἕκαστος","translation":"before other people; and let each of you remember","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l662.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνθρώπων","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies αἰδῶ","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μνήσασθε","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"remember"},{"surface":"ἕκαστος","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":663,"label":"663","id":"b15-l663","source":"παίδων ἠδʼ ἀλόχων καὶ κτήσιος ἠδὲ τοκήων,","translation":"children and wives, possessions and parents,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l663.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παίδων","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλόχων","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"wives"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κτήσιος","lemma":"κτῆσις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"possessions"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοκήων","lemma":"τοκεύς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"parents"}]},{"number":664,"label":"664","id":"b15-l664","source":"ἠμὲν ὅτεῳ ζώουσι καὶ ᾧ κατατεθνήκασι·","translation":"whether a man's parents are living or have died.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l664.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἠμὲν ὅτεῳ ζώουσι καὶ ᾧ κατατεθνήκασι","title":"Living or dead","body":"The paired datives ὅτεῳ and ᾧ distribute the thought across the warriors: some have living parents, while others' parents have died. Nestor's appeal includes both groups."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἠμὲν","lemma":"ἠμέν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"ὅτεῳ","lemma":"ὅστις","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ζώουσι","gloss":"any man's"},{"surface":"ζώουσι","lemma":"ζώω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"living"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to κατατεθνήκασι","gloss":"for whom"},{"surface":"κατατεθνήκασι","lemma":"καταθνήσκω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"dead"}]},{"number":665,"label":"665","id":"b15-l665","source":"τῶν ὕπερ ἐνθάδʼ ἐγὼ γουνάζομαι οὐ παρεόντων","translation":"In their name, though they are absent, I clasp your knees here:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l665.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ὕπερ","gloss":"in their name"},{"surface":"ὕπερ","lemma":"ὑπέρ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on behalf of"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδ","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γουνάζομαι","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of γουνάζομαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"γουνάζομαι","lemma":"γουνάζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"clasp"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"παρεόντων","lemma":"πάρειμι","morphology":"present active participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"modifies τῶν","gloss":"present"}]},{"number":666,"label":"666","id":"b15-l666","source":"ἑστάμεναι κρατερῶς, μὴ δὲ τρωπᾶσθε φόβον δέ.","translation":"stand firm, and do not turn toward rout.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l666.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑστάμεναι","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"perfect active infinitive","role":"object of γουνάζομαι","gloss":"stand firm"},{"surface":"κρατερῶς","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἑστάμεναι","gloss":"firmly"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τρωπᾶσθε","lemma":"τρωπάω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"turn"},{"surface":"φόβον","lemma":"φόβος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τρωπᾶσθε","gloss":"toward rout"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":667,"label":"667","id":"b15-l667","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν ὄτρυνε μένος καὶ θυμὸν ἑκάστου.","translation":"So he spoke and stirred the strength and spirit of every man.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l667.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὣς εἰπὼν ὄτρυνε μένος καὶ θυμὸν ἑκάστου","title":"The exhortation takes hold","body":"This complete line is a recurring battle formula. Its English repeats the accepted rendering used when commanders turn a speech into renewed collective action."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὄτρυνε","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ὄτρυνε","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stirred"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἑκάστου","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"every"}]},{"number":668,"label":"668","id":"b15-l668","source":"τοῖσι δʼ ἀπʼ ὀφθαλμῶν νέφος ἀχλύος ὦσεν Ἀθήνη","translation":"Then Athena drove from their eyes the wondrous cloud","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l668.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὀφθαλμῶν","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμῶν","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπ̓","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"νέφος","lemma":"νέφος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὦσεν","gloss":"cloud"},{"surface":"ἀχλύος","lemma":"ἀχλύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies νέφος","gloss":"of mist"},{"surface":"ὦσεν","lemma":"ὠθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove away"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ὦσεν","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":669,"label":"669","id":"b15-l669","source":"θεσπέσιον· μάλα δέ σφι φόως γένετʼ ἀμφοτέρωθεν","translation":"of mist; and abundant light appeared to them on both sides,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l669.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θεσπέσιον","lemma":"θεσπέσιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies νέφος","gloss":"wondrous"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γένετ̓","gloss":"abundant"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφι","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to γένετ̓","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"φόως","lemma":"φόως","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of γένετ̓","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"γένετ","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ἀμφοτέρωθεν","lemma":"ἀμφοτέρωθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of γένετ̓","gloss":"on either side"}]},{"number":670,"label":"670","id":"b15-l670","source":"ἠμὲν πρὸς νηῶν καὶ ὁμοιΐου πολέμοιο.","translation":"both toward the ships and over the leveling war.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l670.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠμὲν","lemma":"ἠμέν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὁμοιΐου","lemma":"ὁμοίιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πολέμοιο","gloss":"leveling"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"war"}]},{"number":671,"label":"671","id":"b15-l671","source":"Ἕκτορα δὲ φράσσαντο βοὴν ἀγαθὸν καὶ ἑταίρους,","translation":"They made out Hector, good at the war-cry, and his companions,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l671.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ἕκτορα δὲ φράσσαντο βοὴν ἀγαθὸν","title":"Hector, good at the war-cry","body":"βοὴν ἀγαθόν is the established war-cry epithet, here applied to Hector. φράσσαντο means that the Achaeans can now discern him clearly after Athena removes the mist."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορα","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φράσσαντο","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made out"},{"surface":"βοὴν","lemma":"βοή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀγαθὸν","gloss":"in war-cries"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὸν","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορα","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑταίρους","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":672,"label":"672","id":"b15-l672","source":"ἠμὲν ὅσοι μετόπισθεν ἀφέστασαν οὐδὲ μάχοντο,","translation":"all those who stood apart behind him and did not fight,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l672.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠμὲν","lemma":"ἠμέν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"ὅσοι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"all who"},{"surface":"μετόπισθεν","lemma":"μετόπισθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀφέστασαν","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"ἀφέστασαν","lemma":"ἀφίστημι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"stood apart"},{"surface":"μάχοντο","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"fought"}]},{"number":673,"label":"673","id":"b15-l673","source":"ἠδʼ ὅσσοι παρὰ νηυσὶ μάχην ἐμάχοντο θοῇσιν.","translation":"and all those who fought the battle beside the swift ships.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l673.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅσσοι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐμάχοντο","gloss":"all who"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"μάχην","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐμάχοντο","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"ἐμάχοντο","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"subject of ἠδ̓","gloss":"fought"},{"surface":"θοῇσιν","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶ","gloss":"swift"}]},{"number":674,"label":"674","id":"b15-l674","source":"οὐδʼ ἄρʼ ἔτʼ Αἴαντι μεγαλήτορι ἥνδανε θυμῷ","translation":"No longer did it please great-hearted Ajax's spirit","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l674.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἥνδανε","gloss":"longer"},{"surface":"Αἴαντι","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἥνδανε","gloss":"Ajax's"},{"surface":"μεγαλήτορι","lemma":"μεγαλήτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴαντι","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"ἥνδανε","lemma":"ἁνδάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"please"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἥνδανε","gloss":"spirit"}]},{"number":675,"label":"675","id":"b15-l675","source":"ἑστάμεν ἔνθά περ ἄλλοι ἀφέστασαν υἷες Ἀχαιῶν·","translation":"to stand where the other sons of the Achaeans stood apart.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l675.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑστάμεν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"perfect active infinitive","role":"subject of ἥνδανε","gloss":"to stand"},{"surface":"ἔνθά","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀφέστασαν","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷες","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"ἀφέστασαν","lemma":"ἀφίστημι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἑστάμεν","gloss":"stood apart"},{"surface":"υἷες","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀφέστασαν","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies υἷες","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":676,"label":"676","id":"b15-l676","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅ γε νηῶν ἴκριʼ ἐπῴχετο μακρὰ βιβάσθων,","translation":"Instead, with long strides he went over the ships' decks,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l676.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπῴχετο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἴκρἰ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἴκρι","lemma":"ἴκρια","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπῴχετο","gloss":"decks"},{"surface":"ἐπῴχετο","lemma":"ἐποίχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went over"},{"surface":"μακρὰ","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to βιβάσθων","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"βιβάσθων","lemma":"βιβάσθω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπῴχετο","gloss":"striding"}]},{"number":677,"label":"677","id":"b15-l677","source":"νώμα δὲ ξυστὸν μέγα ναύμαχον ἐν παλάμῃσι","translation":"wielding in his hands a great polished pike for fighting at sea,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l677.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νώμα","lemma":"νωμάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wielded"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ξυστὸν","lemma":"ξυστόν","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of νώμα","gloss":"pike"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ξυστὸν","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ναύμαχον","lemma":"ναύμαχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ξυστὸν","gloss":"for sea-fighting"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"παλάμῃσι","lemma":"παλάμη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"hands"}]},{"number":678,"label":"678","id":"b15-l678","source":"κολλητὸν βλήτροισι δυωκαιεικοσίπηχυ.","translation":"well-jointed with clamps and twenty-two cubits long.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l678.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κολλητὸν βλήτροισι δυωκαιεικοσίπηχυ","title":"A well-jointed sea pike","body":"κολλητόν is the established ‘well-jointed,’ while βλήτροισι names the fittings or clamps that join the weapon. At twenty-two cubits, the pike is specialized for reaching between ships rather than an ordinary battlefield spear."}],"words":[{"surface":"κολλητὸν","lemma":"κολλητός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ξυστὸν","gloss":"well-jointed"},{"surface":"βλήτροισι","lemma":"βλῆτρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κολλητὸν","gloss":"with clamps"},{"surface":"δυωκαιεικοσίπηχυ","lemma":"δυωκαιεικοσίπηχυς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ξυστὸν","gloss":"twenty-two cubits long"}]},{"number":679,"label":"679","id":"b15-l679","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἀνὴρ ἵπποισι κελητίζειν ἐῢ εἰδώς,","translation":"As when a man well skilled in riding horses at a gallop,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l679.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἀνὴρ ἵπποισι κελητίζειν ἐῢ εἰδώς","title":"The horse-rider simile","body":"ὡς δʼ ὅτε opens an extended comparison. The rider's practiced movement among four running horses will map onto Ajax's sure-footed strides across the decks."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"adverbial","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἵπποισι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κελητίζειν","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"κελητίζειν","lemma":"κελητίζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of εἰδώς","gloss":"to ride galloping horses"},{"surface":"ἐῢ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰδώς","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"εἰδώς","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"skilled"}]},{"number":680,"label":"680","id":"b15-l680","source":"ὅς τʼ ἐπεὶ ἐκ πολέων πίσυρας συναείρεται ἵππους,","translation":"once he has gathered four horses together from many,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l680.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δίηται","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to συναείρεται","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πολέων","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐκ","gloss":"of many"},{"surface":"πίσυρας","lemma":"τέσσαρες","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"four"},{"surface":"συναείρεται","lemma":"συναείρω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δίηται","gloss":"has gathered together"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of συναείρεται","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":681,"label":"681","id":"b15-l681","source":"σεύας ἐκ πεδίοιο μέγα προτὶ ἄστυ δίηται","translation":"drives them from the plain toward a great city","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l681.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σεύας","lemma":"σεύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δίηται","gloss":"drives"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πεδίοιο","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"the plain"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄστυ","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"προτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of προτὶ","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"δίηται","lemma":"διίημι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀνὴρ","gloss":"drives them"}]},{"number":682,"label":"682","id":"b15-l682","source":"λαοφόρον καθʼ ὁδόν· πολέες τέ ἑ θηήσαντο","translation":"down the crowded road, and many gaze at him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l682.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λαοφόρον","lemma":"λαοφόρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὁδόν","gloss":"crowded"},{"surface":"καθ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"ὁδόν","lemma":"ὁδός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καθ̓","gloss":"road"},{"surface":"πολέες","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of θηήσαντο","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"θηήσαντο","lemma":"θεάομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gaze at"}]},{"number":683,"label":"683","id":"b15-l683","source":"ἀνέρες ἠδὲ γυναῖκες· ὃ δʼ ἔμπεδον ἀσφαλὲς αἰεὶ","translation":"men and women alike; but he, always sure and steady,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l683.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνέρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠδὲ","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γυναῖκες","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἠδὲ","gloss":"women"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀμείβεται","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔμπεδον","lemma":"ἔμπεδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to θρῴσκων","gloss":"steadfast"},{"surface":"ἀσφαλὲς","lemma":"ἀσφαλής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to θρῴσκων","gloss":"firm"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θρῴσκων","gloss":"always"}]},{"number":684,"label":"684","id":"b15-l684","source":"θρῴσκων ἄλλοτʼ ἐπʼ ἄλλον ἀμείβεται, οἳ δὲ πέτονται·","translation":"leaps from one horse to another while they fly onward—","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l684.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θρῴσκων","lemma":"θρῴσκω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀμείβεται","gloss":"leaps"},{"surface":"ἄλλοτ","lemma":"ἄλλοτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀμείβεται","gloss":"from one"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ἄλλον","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"ἀμείβεται","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"moves between them"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πέτονται","gloss":"while they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πέτονται","lemma":"πέτομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fly"}]},{"number":685,"label":"685","id":"b15-l685","source":"ὣς Αἴας ἐπὶ πολλὰ θοάων ἴκρια νηῶν","translation":"so Ajax ranged over the many decks of the swift ships","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l685.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φοίτα","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of φοίτα","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἴκρια","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"θοάων","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῶν","gloss":"of the swift"},{"surface":"ἴκρια","lemma":"ἴκρια","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"decks"},{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἴκρια","gloss":"ships"}]},{"number":686,"label":"686","id":"b15-l686","source":"φοίτα μακρὰ βιβάς, φωνὴ δέ οἱ αἰθέρʼ ἵκανεν,","translation":"with long strides, and his voice reached the heavens,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l686.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φοίτα","lemma":"φοιτάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ranged"},{"surface":"μακρὰ","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to βιβάς","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"βιβάς","lemma":"βίβημι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to φοίτα","gloss":"strides"},{"surface":"φωνὴ","lemma":"φωνή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἵκανεν","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἵκανεν","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"αἰθέρ","lemma":"αἰθήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἵκανεν","gloss":"heavens"},{"surface":"ἵκανεν","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reached"}]},{"number":687,"label":"687","id":"b15-l687","source":"αἰεὶ δὲ σμερδνὸν βοόων Δαναοῖσι κέλευε","translation":"and always shouting terribly, he urged the Danaans","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l687.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"αἰεὶ δὲ σμερδνὸν βοόων Δαναοῖσι κέλευε","title":"Ajax's repeated shout","body":"This line returns unchanged at line 732, and its English is therefore identical there. The repeated formula carries Ajax's voice from his movement across the decks into his final stand before the ships."}],"words":[{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βοόων","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σμερδνὸν","lemma":"σμερδνός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to βοόων","gloss":"terribly"},{"surface":"βοόων","lemma":"βοάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κέλευε","gloss":"shouting"},{"surface":"Δαναοῖσι","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κέλευε","gloss":"the Danaans"},{"surface":"κέλευε","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urged"}]},{"number":688,"label":"688","id":"b15-l688","source":"νηυσί τε καὶ κλισίῃσιν ἀμυνέμεν. οὐδὲ μὲν Ἕκτωρ","translation":"to defend the ships and shelters. Nor did Hector","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l688.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηυσί","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κλισίῃσιν","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"huts"},{"surface":"ἀμυνέμεν","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of κέλευε","gloss":"to defend"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μίμνεν","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":689,"label":"689","id":"b15-l689","source":"μίμνεν ἐνὶ Τρώων ὁμάδῳ πύκα θωρηκτάων·","translation":"remain within the mass of closely armored Trojans;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l689.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μίμνεν","lemma":"μίμνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"remain"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὁμάδῳ","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"ὁμάδῳ","lemma":"ὅμαδος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"mass"},{"surface":"πύκα","lemma":"πύκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θωρηκτάων","gloss":"closely"},{"surface":"θωρηκτάων","lemma":"θωρηκτής","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρώων","gloss":"armored"}]},{"number":690,"label":"690","id":"b15-l690","source":"ἀλλʼ ὥς τʼ ὀρνίθων πετεηνῶν αἰετὸς αἴθων","translation":"but as a blazing eagle swoops upon a flock","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l690.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἀλλʼ ὥς τʼ ὀρνίθων πετεηνῶν αἰετὸς αἴθων","title":"Hector as the eagle","body":"ὥς opens the comparison and makes Hector the blazing eagle. The river birds are the mass he attacks, not his own Trojan followers."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐφορμᾶται","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀρνίθων","lemma":"ὄρνις","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"of birds"},{"surface":"πετεηνῶν","lemma":"πετεινός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀρνίθων","gloss":"winged"},{"surface":"αἰετὸς","lemma":"ἀετός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐφορμᾶται","gloss":"an eagle"},{"surface":"αἴθων","lemma":"αἴθων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies αἰετὸς","gloss":"blazing"}]},{"number":691,"label":"691","id":"b15-l691","source":"ἔθνος ἐφορμᾶται ποταμὸν πάρα βοσκομενάων","translation":"of winged birds feeding beside a river—","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l691.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔθνος","lemma":"ἔθνος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐφορμᾶται","gloss":"flock"},{"surface":"ἐφορμᾶται","lemma":"ἐφορμάω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὣς","gloss":"swoops"},{"surface":"ποταμὸν","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πάρα","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"πάρα","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"βοσκομενάων","lemma":"βόσκω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"modifies ὀρνίθων","gloss":"feeding"}]},{"number":692,"label":"692","id":"b15-l692","source":"χηνῶν ἢ γεράνων ἢ κύκνων δουλιχοδείρων,","translation":"geese, or cranes, or long-necked swans,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l692.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"χηνῶν ἢ γεράνων ἢ κύκνων δουλιχοδείρων","title":"Long-necked swans","body":"δουλιχοδείρων is a compound epithet meaning long-necked. The whole Greek line repeats Iliad 2.460, so the accepted list and its wording return unchanged."}],"words":[{"surface":"χηνῶν","lemma":"χήν","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἢ","gloss":"geese"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"γεράνων","lemma":"γέρανος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἢ","gloss":"cranes"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"κύκνων","lemma":"κύκνος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἢ","gloss":"swans"},{"surface":"δουλιχοδείρων","lemma":"δολιχόδειρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κύκνων","gloss":"long-necked"}]},{"number":693,"label":"693","id":"b15-l693","source":"ὣς Ἕκτωρ ἴθυσε νεὸς κυανοπρῴροιο","translation":"so Hector rushed straight at a dark-prowed ship,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l693.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴθυσε","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἴθυσε","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"ἴθυσε","lemma":"ἰθύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rushed straight"},{"surface":"νεὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἴθυσε","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"κυανοπρῴροιο","lemma":"κυανόπρῳρος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νεὸς","gloss":"dark-prowed"}]},{"number":694,"label":"694","id":"b15-l694","source":"ἀντίος ἀΐξας· τὸν δὲ Ζεὺς ὦσεν ὄπισθε","translation":"springing head-on; and Zeus thrust him onward from behind","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l694.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀντίος","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"head-on"},{"surface":"ἀΐξας","lemma":"ἀίσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἴθυσε","gloss":"springing"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὦσεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ὦσεν","lemma":"ὠθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"thrust"},{"surface":"ὄπισθε","lemma":"ὄπισθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὦσεν","gloss":"behind"}]},{"number":695,"label":"695","id":"b15-l695","source":"χειρὶ μάλα μεγάλῃ, ὄτρυνε δὲ λαὸν ἅμʼ αὐτῷ.","translation":"with his very mighty hand and roused the host beside him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l695.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χειρὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὦσεν","gloss":"his hand"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"μεγάλῃ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χειρὶ","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ὄτρυνε","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"roused"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λαὸν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὄτρυνε","gloss":"host"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἅμ̓","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":696,"label":"696","id":"b15-l696","source":"αὖτις δὲ δριμεῖα μάχη παρὰ νηυσὶν ἐτύχθη·","translation":"Once more fierce battle arose beside the ships.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l696.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐτύχθη","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δριμεῖα","lemma":"δριμύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μάχη","gloss":"fierce"},{"surface":"μάχη","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐτύχθη","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐτύχθη","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"arose"}]},{"number":697,"label":"697","id":"b15-l697","source":"φαίης κʼ ἀκμῆτας καὶ ἀτειρέας ἀλλήλοισιν","translation":"You would have said that tireless men, unbroken by toil,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l697.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φαίης","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you would have said"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἀκμῆτας","lemma":"ἀκμής","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"tireless men"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀτειρέας","lemma":"ἀτειρής","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unbroken by toil"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλοισιν","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἄντεσθ̓","gloss":"one another"}]},{"number":698,"label":"698","id":"b15-l698","source":"ἄντεσθʼ ἐν πολέμῳ, ὡς ἐσσυμένως ἐμάχοντο.","translation":"met one another in war, so furiously did they fight.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l698.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄντεσθ","lemma":"ἄντομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of φαίης","gloss":"met one another"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πολέμῳ","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐμάχοντο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἐσσυμένως","lemma":"ἐσσύμενος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐμάχοντο","gloss":"furiously"},{"surface":"ἐμάχοντο","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to φαίης","gloss":"fought"}]},{"number":699,"label":"699","id":"b15-l699","source":"τοῖσι δὲ μαρναμένοισιν ὅδʼ ἦν νόος· ἤτοι Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"As they fought, this was their purpose: the Achaeans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l699.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine article","role":"adverbial to ἦν","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μαρναμένοισιν","lemma":"μάρναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"while fighting"},{"surface":"ὅδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἦν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"νόος","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦν","gloss":"purpose"},{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔφασαν","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":700,"label":"700","id":"b15-l700","source":"οὐκ ἔφασαν φεύξεσθαι ὑπʼ ἐκ κακοῦ, ἀλλʼ ὀλέεσθαι,","translation":"believed they would not escape the evil, but would perish,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l700.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἔφασαν","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"believed"},{"surface":"φεύξεσθαι","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ἔφασαν","gloss":"would escape"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"κακοῦ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὀλέεσθαι","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object","gloss":"would perish"}]},{"number":701,"label":"701","id":"b15-l701","source":"Τρωσὶν δʼ ἔλπετο θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἑκάστου","translation":"while the spirit in every Trojan's breast hoped","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l701.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρωσὶν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔλπετο","gloss":"among the Trojans"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔλπετο","lemma":"ἔλπω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hoped"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔλπετο","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσιν","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐνὶ","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"ἑκάστου","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies στήθεσσιν","gloss":"every"}]},{"number":702,"label":"702","id":"b15-l702","source":"νῆας ἐνιπρήσειν κτενέειν θʼ ἥρωας Ἀχαιούς.","translation":"to burn the ships and kill the Achaean heroes.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l702.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐνιπρήσειν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐνιπρήσειν","lemma":"ἐμπίμπρημι","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of θ̓","gloss":"to burn"},{"surface":"κτενέειν","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of θ̓","gloss":"to kill"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἥρωας","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κτενέειν","gloss":"heroes"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἥρωας","gloss":"Achaean"}]},{"number":703,"label":"703","id":"b15-l703","source":"οἳ μὲν τὰ φρονέοντες ἐφέστασαν ἀλλήλοισιν·","translation":"With these thoughts they stood against one another.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l703.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐφέστασαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of φρονέοντες","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"φρονέοντες","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐφέστασαν","gloss":"thinking"},{"surface":"ἐφέστασαν","lemma":"ἐφίστημι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood against"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλοισιν","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐφέστασαν","gloss":"one another"}]},{"number":704,"label":"704","id":"b15-l704","source":"Ἕκτωρ δὲ πρυμνῆς νεὸς ἥψατο ποντοπόροιο","translation":"Then Hector seized the stern of the seagoing ship,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l704.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἥψατο","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πρυμνῆς","lemma":"πρυμνός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νεὸς","gloss":"stern"},{"surface":"νεὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἥψατο","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"ἥψατο","lemma":"ἅπτω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized"},{"surface":"ποντοπόροιο","lemma":"ποντοπόρος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νεὸς","gloss":"seagoing"}]},{"number":705,"label":"705","id":"b15-l705","source":"καλῆς ὠκυάλου, ἣ Πρωτεσίλαον ἔνεικεν","translation":"beautiful and swift-sailing, which had carried Protesilaus","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l705.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καλῆς","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νεὸς","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"ὠκυάλου","lemma":"ὠκύαλος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νεὸς","gloss":"swift-sailing"},{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"Πρωτεσίλαον","lemma":"Πρωτεσίλαος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔνεικεν","gloss":"Protesilaus"},{"surface":"ἔνεικεν","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"carried"}]},{"number":706,"label":"706","id":"b15-l706","source":"ἐς Τροίην, οὐδʼ αὖτις ἀπήγαγε πατρίδα γαῖαν.","translation":"to Troy, yet did not carry him back again to his homeland.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l706.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Τροίην","lemma":"Τροία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπήγαγε","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἀπήγαγε","lemma":"ἀπάγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"carried back"},{"surface":"πατρίδα","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπήγαγε","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":707,"label":"707","id":"b15-l707","source":"τοῦ περ δὴ περὶ νηὸς Ἀχαιοί τε Τρῶές τε","translation":"Around that ship Achaeans and Trojans","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l707.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies νηὸς","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"νηὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Achaeans"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τρῶές","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":708,"label":"708","id":"b15-l708","source":"δῄουν ἀλλήλους αὐτοσχεδόν· οὐδʼ ἄρα τοί γε","translation":"slaughtered one another at close quarters. No longer did they","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l708.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δῄουν ἀλλήλους αὐτοσχεδόν","title":"At close quarters","body":"αὐτοσχεδόν means hand to hand or at point-blank range. The fighting has closed so completely that neither side relies on missiles from a distance."}],"words":[{"surface":"δῄουν","lemma":"δηιόω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slaughtered"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλους","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of δῄουν","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"αὐτοσχεδόν","lemma":"αὐτοσχεδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δῄουν","gloss":"at close quarters"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τοί","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μένον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":709,"label":"709","id":"b15-l709","source":"τόξων ἀϊκὰς ἀμφὶς μένον οὐδʼ ἔτʼ ἀκόντων,","translation":"wait apart for flights of arrows or casts of spears,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l709.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόξων","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἀϊκὰς","gloss":"arrows"},{"surface":"ἀϊκὰς","lemma":"ἀική","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of μένον","gloss":"flights"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶς","lemma":"ἀμφίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μένον","gloss":"apart"},{"surface":"μένον","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wait"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"any longer"},{"surface":"ἀκόντων","lemma":"ἄκων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"of spears"}]},{"number":710,"label":"710","id":"b15-l710","source":"ἀλλʼ οἵ γʼ ἐγγύθεν ἱστάμενοι ἕνα θυμὸν ἔχοντες","translation":"but standing close together with a single purpose,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l710.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μάχοντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐγγύθεν","lemma":"ἐγγύθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἱστάμενοι","gloss":"close together"},{"surface":"ἱστάμενοι","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to μάχοντο","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"ἕνα","lemma":"εἷς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμὸν","gloss":"single"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχοντες","gloss":"purpose"},{"surface":"ἔχοντες","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to μάχοντο","gloss":"holding"}]},{"number":711,"label":"711","id":"b15-l711","source":"ὀξέσι δὴ πελέκεσσι καὶ ἀξίνῃσι μάχοντο","translation":"they fought with sharp battle-axes and axes,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l711.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀξέσι","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πελέκεσσι","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πελέκεσσι","lemma":"πέλεκυς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"battle-axes"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀξίνῃσι","lemma":"ἀξίνη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"axes"},{"surface":"μάχοντο","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they fought"}]},{"number":712,"label":"712","id":"b15-l712","source":"καὶ ξίφεσιν μεγάλοισι καὶ ἔγχεσιν ἀμφιγύοισι.","translation":"with great swords and double-pointed spears.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l712.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ξίφεσιν","lemma":"ξίφος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"swords"},{"surface":"μεγάλοισι","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ξίφεσιν","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔγχεσιν","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"spears"},{"surface":"ἀμφιγύοισι","lemma":"ἀμφίγυος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχεσιν","gloss":"double-pointed"}]},{"number":713,"label":"713","id":"b15-l713","source":"πολλὰ δὲ φάσγανα καλὰ μελάνδετα κωπήεντα","translation":"Many fine swords, black-bound and fitted with hilts,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l713.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies φάσγανα","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φάσγανα","lemma":"φάσγανον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of πέσον","gloss":"swords"},{"surface":"καλὰ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies φάσγανα","gloss":"fair"},{"surface":"μελάνδετα","lemma":"μελάνδετος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies φάσγανα","gloss":"black-bound"},{"surface":"κωπήεντα","lemma":"κωπήεις","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies φάσγανα","gloss":"fitted with hilts"}]},{"number":714,"label":"714","id":"b15-l714","source":"ἄλλα μὲν ἐκ χειρῶν χαμάδις πέσον, ἄλλα δʼ ἀπʼ ὤμων","translation":"fell to the ground, some from hands and others from the shoulders","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l714.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλα","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies φάσγανα","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"χειρῶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"χαμάδις","lemma":"χαμάδις","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of πέσον","gloss":"to the ground"},{"surface":"πέσον","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"ἄλλα","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὤμων","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπ̓","gloss":"shoulders"}]},{"number":715,"label":"715","id":"b15-l715","source":"ἀνδρῶν μαρναμένων· ῥέε δʼ αἵματι γαῖα μέλαινα.","translation":"of fighting men, and the black earth ran with blood.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l715.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὤμων","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"μαρναμένων","lemma":"μάρναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"fighting"},{"surface":"ῥέε","lemma":"ῥέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ran"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἵματι","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ῥέε","gloss":"with blood"},{"surface":"γαῖα","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ῥέε","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"μέλαινα","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖα","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":716,"label":"716","id":"b15-l716","source":"Ἕκτωρ δὲ πρύμνηθεν ἐπεὶ λάβεν οὐχὶ μεθίει","translation":"Once Hector had grasped the stern, he would not let go,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l716.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πρύμνηθεν","lemma":"πρύμνηθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λάβεν","gloss":"by the stern"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λάβεν","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"λάβεν","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μεθίει","gloss":"seized"},{"surface":"οὐχὶ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μεθίει","lemma":"μεθίημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let go"}]},{"number":717,"label":"717","id":"b15-l717","source":"ἄφλαστον μετὰ χερσὶν ἔχων, Τρωσὶν δὲ κέλευεν·","translation":"holding the sternpost in his hands, and he called to the Trojans:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l717.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἄφλαστον μετὰ χερσὶν ἔχων","title":"The sternpost","body":"ἄφλαστον is the upward-curving ornament or post at a ship's stern. Hector keeps it in his hands as the Trojans press fire toward the vessel."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἄφλαστον","lemma":"ἄφλαστον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of μεθίει","gloss":"sternpost"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μεθίει","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"Τρωσὶν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κέλευεν","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κέλευεν","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called to"}]},{"number":718,"label":"718","id":"b15-l718","source":"οἴσετε πῦρ, ἅμα δʼ αὐτοὶ ἀολλέες ὄρνυτʼ ἀϋτήν·","translation":"\"Bring fire, and all together raise the war-cry!","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l718.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴσετε","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bring"},{"surface":"πῦρ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of οἴσετε","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄρνυτ̓","gloss":"all together"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτοὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yourselves"},{"surface":"ἀολλέες","lemma":"ἀολλής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"in one mass"},{"surface":"ὄρνυτ","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"raise"},{"surface":"ἀϋτήν","lemma":"ἀυτή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὄρνυτ̓","gloss":"battle-cry"}]},{"number":719,"label":"719","id":"b15-l719","source":"νῦν ἡμῖν πάντων Ζεὺς ἄξιον ἦμαρ ἔδωκε","translation":"Now Zeus has given us a day worth all the rest:","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l719.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔδωκε","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἡμῖν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔδωκε","gloss":"for us"},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἄξιον","gloss":"all the rest"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔδωκε","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ἄξιον","lemma":"ἄξιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦμαρ","gloss":"worth"},{"surface":"ἦμαρ","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔδωκε","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"ἔδωκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has given"}]},{"number":720,"label":"720","id":"b15-l720","source":"νῆας ἑλεῖν, αἳ δεῦρο θεῶν ἀέκητι μολοῦσαι","translation":"to take the ships that came here against the gods' will","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l720.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἑλεῖν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἑλεῖν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἔδωκε","gloss":"to take"},{"surface":"αἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of θέσαν","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"δεῦρο","lemma":"δεῦρο","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of μολοῦσαι","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀέκητι","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"ἀέκητι","lemma":"ἀέκητι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μολοῦσαι","gloss":"against their will"},{"surface":"μολοῦσαι","lemma":"βλώσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to θέσαν","gloss":"came"}]},{"number":721,"label":"721","id":"b15-l721","source":"ἡμῖν πήματα πολλὰ θέσαν, κακότητι γερόντων,","translation":"and caused us many sorrows through the elders' cowardice.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l721.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμῖν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of θέσαν","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"πήματα","lemma":"πῆμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of θέσαν","gloss":"sorrows"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies πήματα","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"θέσαν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing νῆας","gloss":"caused"},{"surface":"κακότητι","lemma":"κακότης","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to θέσαν","gloss":"cowardice"},{"surface":"γερόντων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies κακότητι","gloss":"of elders"}]},{"number":722,"label":"722","id":"b15-l722","source":"οἵ μʼ ἐθέλοντα μάχεσθαι ἐπὶ πρυμνῇσι νέεσσιν","translation":"When I wished to fight beside the ships' sterns,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l722.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἰσχανάασκον","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἐθέλοντα","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"wanting"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλοντα","gloss":"to fight"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"πρυμνῇσι","lemma":"πρυμνός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νέεσσιν","gloss":"at the sterns"},{"surface":"νέεσσιν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"}]},{"number":723,"label":"723","id":"b15-l723","source":"αὐτόν τʼ ἰσχανάασκον ἐρητύοντό τε λαόν·","translation":"they held me back and kept the army in check.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l723.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτόν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰσχανάασκον","lemma":"ἰσχανάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τε","gloss":"held back"},{"surface":"ἐρητύοντό","lemma":"ἐρητύω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τε","gloss":"kept in check"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λαόν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐρητύοντό","gloss":"host"}]},{"number":724,"label":"724","id":"b15-l724","source":"ἀλλʼ εἰ δή ῥα τότε βλάπτε φρένας εὐρύοπα Ζεὺς","translation":"But if wide-thundering Zeus then clouded our wits,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l724.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"βλάπτε φρένας εὐρύοπα Ζεὺς","title":"Wide-thundering Zeus","body":"εὐρύοπα is the established ‘wide-thundering,’ an epithet tied to Zeus's far-carrying voice and thunder. Hector claims that Zeus once hindered Trojan judgment but now urges the assault."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βλάπτε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"βλάπτε","lemma":"βλάπτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"clouded"},{"surface":"φρένας","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of βλάπτε","gloss":"wits"},{"surface":"εὐρύοπα","lemma":"εὐρύοπα","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ζεὺς","gloss":"wide-thundering"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βλάπτε","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":725,"label":"725","id":"b15-l725","source":"ἡμετέρας, νῦν αὐτὸς ἐποτρύνει καὶ ἀνώγει.","translation":"now he himself drives us on and commands us.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l725.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμετέρας","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρένας","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ἐποτρύνει","lemma":"ἐποτρύνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urges"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνώγει","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"commands"}]},{"number":726,"label":"726","id":"b15-l726","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄρα μᾶλλον ἐπʼ Ἀργείοισιν ὄρουσαν.","translation":"So he spoke, and they rushed still harder upon the Argives.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l726.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὄρουσαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μᾶλλον","lemma":"μᾶλλον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄρουσαν","gloss":"harder"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"Ἀργείοισιν","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"the Argives"},{"surface":"ὄρουσαν","lemma":"ὀρούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rushed"}]},{"number":727,"label":"727","id":"b15-l727","source":"Αἴας δʼ οὐκέτʼ ἔμιμνε· βιάζετο γὰρ βελέεσσιν·","translation":"Ajax no longer held his place, for missiles overpowered him;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l727.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔμιμνε","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐκέτ","lemma":"οὐκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔμιμνε","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"ἔμιμνε","lemma":"μίμνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held his place"},{"surface":"βιάζετο","lemma":"βιάζω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was overpowered"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"βελέεσσιν","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of βιάζετο","gloss":"missiles"}]},{"number":728,"label":"728","id":"b15-l728","source":"ἀλλʼ ἀνεχάζετο τυτθόν, ὀϊόμενος θανέεσθαι","translation":"but he drew back a little, thinking he would die,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l728.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀνεχάζετο","lemma":"ἀναχάζω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew back"},{"surface":"τυτθόν","lemma":"τυτθός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀνεχάζετο","gloss":"a little"},{"surface":"ὀϊόμενος","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀνεχάζετο","gloss":"thinking"},{"surface":"θανέεσθαι","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ὀϊόμενος","gloss":"he would die"}]},{"number":729,"label":"729","id":"b15-l729","source":"θρῆνυν ἐφʼ ἑπταπόδην, λίπε δʼ ἴκρια νηὸς ἐΐσης.","translation":"onto the seven-foot bench, and left the balanced ship's deck.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l729.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θρῆνυν ἐφʼ ἑπταπόδην","title":"The seven-foot bench","body":"θρῆνυς ordinarily means a bench or footstool; here it is a seven-foot structure within the ship. Ajax yields only the exposed deck and takes his stand on it, from where he can still guard the ship."}],"words":[{"surface":"θρῆνυν","lemma":"θρῆνυς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐφ̓","gloss":"bench"},{"surface":"ἐφ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ἑπταπόδην","lemma":"ἑπταπόδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θρῆνυν","gloss":"seven-foot"},{"surface":"λίπε","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴκρια","lemma":"ἴκρια","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of λίπε","gloss":"deck"},{"surface":"νηὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἴκρια","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"ἐΐσης","lemma":"ἔισος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηὸς","gloss":"balanced"}]},{"number":730,"label":"730","id":"b15-l730","source":"ἔνθʼ ἄρʼ ὅ γʼ ἑστήκει δεδοκημένος, ἔγχεϊ δʼ αἰεὶ","translation":"There he stood on watch, and with his spear continually","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l730.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἑστήκει","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἑστήκει","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἑστήκει","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood on watch"},{"surface":"δεδοκημένος","lemma":"δεδοκημένος","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἑστήκει","gloss":"keeping watch"},{"surface":"ἔγχεϊ","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἄμυνε","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄμυνε","gloss":"always"}]},{"number":731,"label":"731","id":"b15-l731","source":"Τρῶας ἄμυνε νεῶν, ὅς τις φέροι ἀκάματον πῦρ·","translation":"kept from the ships any Trojan who carried tireless fire,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l731.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶας","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἄμυνε","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ἄμυνε","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kept from"},{"surface":"νεῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἄμυνε","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φέροι","gloss":"any Trojan who"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"φέροι","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Τρῶας","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"ἀκάματον","lemma":"ἀκάματος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πῦρ","gloss":"tireless"},{"surface":"πῦρ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of φέροι","gloss":"fire"}]},{"number":732,"label":"732","id":"b15-l732","source":"αἰεὶ δὲ σμερδνὸν βοόων Δαναοῖσι κέλευε·","translation":"and always shouting terribly, he urged the Danaans:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l732.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κέλευε","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σμερδνὸν","lemma":"σμερδνός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to βοόων","gloss":"terribly"},{"surface":"βοόων","lemma":"βοάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κέλευε","gloss":"shouting"},{"surface":"Δαναοῖσι","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κέλευε","gloss":"the Danaans"},{"surface":"κέλευε","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urged"}]},{"number":733,"label":"733","id":"b15-l733","source":"ὦ φίλοι ἥρωες Δαναοὶ θεράποντες Ἄρηος","translation":"\"Friends, hero Danaans, henchmen of Ares,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l733.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὦ φίλοι ἥρωες Δαναοὶ θεράποντες Ἄρηος","title":"Henchmen of Ares","body":"θεράποντες Ἄρηος is a standing martial formula that presents the heroes as attendants of the war god. The complete line repeats Iliad 2.110 and 6.67, so its accepted English returns unchanged."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"o"},{"surface":"φίλοι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friends"},{"surface":"ἥρωες","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"heroes"},{"surface":"Δαναοὶ","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἥρωες","gloss":"Danaans"},{"surface":"θεράποντες","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"henchmen"},{"surface":"Ἄρηος","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θεράποντες","gloss":"of Ares"}]},{"number":734,"label":"734","id":"b15-l734","source":"ἀνέρες ἔστε φίλοι, μνήσασθε δὲ θούριδος ἀλκῆς.","translation":"be men, my friends, and remember your furious valor.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l734.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀνέρες ἔστε φίλοι, μνήσασθε δὲ θούριδος ἀλκῆς","title":"Remember furious valor","body":"θούριδος ἀλκῆς is the established formula ‘furious valor.’ This whole exhortation line repeats earlier battlefield appeals and keeps their accepted wording."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνέρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἔστε","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"φίλοι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friends"},{"surface":"μνήσασθε","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"remember"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θούριδος","lemma":"θοῦρις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλκῆς","gloss":"furious"},{"surface":"ἀλκῆς","lemma":"ἀλκή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of μνήσασθε","gloss":"valor"}]},{"number":735,"label":"735","id":"b15-l735","source":"ἠέ τινάς φαμεν εἶναι ἀοσσητῆρας ὀπίσσω,","translation":"Do we suppose there are defenders behind us,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l735.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠέ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"τινάς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀοσσητῆρας","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"φαμεν","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do we suppose"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἦέ","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"ἀοσσητῆρας","lemma":"ἀοσσητήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of εἶναι","gloss":"defenders"},{"surface":"ὀπίσσω","lemma":"ὀπίσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἶναι","gloss":"behind us"}]},{"number":736,"label":"736","id":"b15-l736","source":"ἦέ τι τεῖχος ἄρειον, ὅ κʼ ἀνδράσι λοιγὸν ἀμύναι;","translation":"or some stronger wall that could ward ruin from our men?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l736.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦέ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies τεῖχος","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"τεῖχος","lemma":"τεῖχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"ἄρειον","lemma":"ἀρείων","morphology":"accusative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"modifies τεῖχος","gloss":"stronger"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἀμύναι","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"ἀνδράσι","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμύναι","gloss":"our men"},{"surface":"λοιγὸν","lemma":"λοιγός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμύναι","gloss":"ruin"},{"surface":"ἀμύναι","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τεῖχος","gloss":"ward off"}]},{"number":737,"label":"737","id":"b15-l737","source":"οὐ μέν τι σχεδόν ἐστι πόλις πύργοις ἀραρυῖα,","translation":"There is no nearby city fitted with towers","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l737.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐστι","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"σχεδόν","lemma":"σχεδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐστι","gloss":"nearby"},{"surface":"ἐστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"πόλις","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐστι","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"πύργοις","lemma":"πύργος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀραρυῖα","gloss":"with towers"},{"surface":"ἀραρυῖα","lemma":"ἀραρίσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifies πόλις","gloss":"fitted"}]},{"number":738,"label":"738","id":"b15-l738","source":"ᾗ κʼ ἀπαμυναίμεσθʼ ἑτεραλκέα δῆμον ἔχοντες·","translation":"where we might defend ourselves with another host to turn the tide.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l738.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ᾗ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀπαμυναίμεσθ̓","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"might"},{"surface":"ἀπαμυναίμεσθ","lemma":"ἀπαμύνω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 1st plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing πόλις","gloss":"defend ourselves"},{"surface":"ἑτεραλκέα","lemma":"ἑτεραλκής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δῆμον","gloss":"tide-turning"},{"surface":"δῆμον","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχοντες","gloss":"host"},{"surface":"ἔχοντες","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπαμυναίμεσθ̓","gloss":"having"}]},{"number":739,"label":"739","id":"b15-l739","source":"ἀλλʼ ἐν γὰρ Τρώων πεδίῳ πύκα θωρηκτάων","translation":"Here on the plain of the closely armored Trojans,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l739.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies πεδίῳ","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"πεδίῳ","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"plain"},{"surface":"πύκα","lemma":"πύκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θωρηκτάων","gloss":"closely"},{"surface":"θωρηκτάων","lemma":"θωρηκτής","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρώων","gloss":"armored"}]},{"number":740,"label":"740","id":"b15-l740","source":"πόντῳ κεκλιμένοι ἑκὰς ἥμεθα πατρίδος αἴης·","translation":"hemmed against the sea, we sit far from our native land.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l740.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πόντῳ","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κεκλιμένοι","gloss":"against the sea"},{"surface":"κεκλιμένοι","lemma":"κλίνω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἥμεθα","gloss":"hemmed"},{"surface":"ἑκὰς","lemma":"ἑκάς","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition","gloss":"far away"},{"surface":"ἥμεθα","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we sit"},{"surface":"πατρίδος","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἴης","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"αἴης","lemma":"αἶα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἑκὰς","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":741,"label":"741","id":"b15-l741","source":"τὼ ἐν χερσὶ φόως, οὐ μειλιχίῃ πολέμοιο.","translation":"So our salvation lies in our hands, not in any easing of war.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l741.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"τὼ ἐν χερσὶ φόως, οὐ μειλιχίῃ πολέμοιο","title":"Salvation in their hands","body":"φόως literally means light, but here it is the light of deliverance or survival. Ajax opposes that hope to μειλιχίη πολέμοιο, any softening or easing of the battle."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"φόως","lemma":"φόως","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"salvation"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μειλιχίῃ","lemma":"μειλιχία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in easing"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μειλιχίῃ","gloss":"war"}]},{"number":742,"label":"742","id":"b15-l742","source":"ἦ, καὶ μαιμώων ἔφεπʼ ἔγχεϊ ὀξυόεντι.","translation":"He spoke, and eagerly plied his sharp spear.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l742.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μαιμώων","lemma":"μαιμάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔφεπ̓","gloss":"eagerly"},{"surface":"ἔφεπ","lemma":"ἐφέπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"plied"},{"surface":"ἔγχεϊ","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἔφεπ̓","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"ὀξυόεντι","lemma":"ὀξυόεις","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχεϊ","gloss":"sharp"}]},{"number":743,"label":"743","id":"b15-l743","source":"ὅς τις δὲ Τρώων κοίλῃς ἐπὶ νηυσὶ φέροιτο","translation":"Whichever Trojan came toward the hollow ships","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l743.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φέροιτο","gloss":"whichever"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"among Trojans"},{"surface":"κοίλῃς","lemma":"κοῖλος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶ","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"φέροιτο","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"might come"}]},{"number":744,"label":"744","id":"b15-l744","source":"σὺν πυρὶ κηλείῳ, χάριν Ἕκτορος ὀτρύναντος,","translation":"with blazing fire, to please Hector, who urged him on,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l744.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"πυρὶ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"κηλείῳ","lemma":"κήλεος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πυρὶ","gloss":"blazing"},{"surface":"χάριν","lemma":"χάρις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"to please"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορος","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies χάριν","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"ὀτρύναντος","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"who urged him"}]},{"number":745,"label":"745","id":"b15-l745","source":"τὸν δʼ Αἴας οὔτασκε δεδεγμένος ἔγχεϊ μακρῷ·","translation":"Ajax, lying in wait, would stab him with his long spear.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l745.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of οὔτασκε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of οὔτασκε","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"οὔτασκε","lemma":"οὐτάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would stab"},{"surface":"δεδεγμένος","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to οὔτασκε","gloss":"lying in wait"},{"surface":"ἔγχεϊ","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to οὔτασκε","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"μακρῷ","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχεϊ","gloss":"long"}]},{"number":746,"label":"746","id":"b15-l746","source":"δώδεκα δὲ προπάροιθε νεῶν αὐτοσχεδὸν οὖτα.","translation":"And before the ships he wounded twelve men at close quarters.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b15-l746.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δώδεκα δὲ προπάροιθε νεῶν αὐτοσχεδὸν οὖτα","title":"Twelve at close quarters","body":"δώδεκα gives the exact number Ajax wounds, and αὐτοσχεδόν repeats the close-quarters language of line 708. His defense holds the fire-bearers off the ships even after he has yielded the deck."}],"words":[{"surface":"δώδεκα","lemma":"δώδεκα","morphology":"numeral","role":"object of οὖτα","gloss":"twelve"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"προπάροιθε","lemma":"προπάροιθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"νεῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to προπάροιθε","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"αὐτοσχεδὸν","lemma":"αὐτοσχεδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οὖτα","gloss":"at close quarters"},{"surface":"οὖτα","lemma":"οὐτάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wounded"}]}]}