{"work":{"slug":"iliad","title":{"source":"Ἰλιάς","translated":"The Iliad"},"author":"Homer","language":"Ancient Greek","languageCode":"grc","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad"},"unit":{"kind":"book","number":16,"id":"book-16","title":{"source":"Ἰλιάδος Π","translated":"Book 16 — Patroclus Arms: The Deaths of Sarpedon and Patroclus"},"section":"The Patrocleia","summary":"Patroclus goes out in Achilles' armor, drives the Trojans back and kills Sarpedon. Hector kills him under the walls of Troy.","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad/16","lines":867},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad/15","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/iliad/17","license":"Source text: public domain (Homer, ancient; Greek per the Murray text via the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 3.0). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original line-aligned draft, pending editorial review. Word-by-word morphology and syntax derived from the Perseus Ancient Greek Dependency Treebank (CC BY-SA 3.0); English glosses and notes © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"b16-l1","source":"ὣς οἳ μὲν περὶ νηὸς ἐϋσσέλμοιο μάχοντο·","translation":"So they fought around the well-benched ship;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μάχοντο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μάχοντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"νηὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"ἐϋσσέλμοιο","lemma":"εὔσελμος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηὸς","gloss":"well-benched"},{"surface":"μάχοντο","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fought"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"b16-l2","source":"Πάτροκλος δʼ Ἀχιλῆϊ παρίστατο ποιμένι λαῶν","translation":"but Patroclus stood beside Achilles, shepherd of the people,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πάτροκλος","lemma":"πάτροκλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of παρίστατο","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆϊ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of παρίστατο","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"παρίστατο","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"ποιμένι","lemma":"ποιμήν","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀχιλῆϊ","gloss":"shepherd"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ποιμένι","gloss":"of the people"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"b16-l3","source":"δάκρυα θερμὰ χέων ὥς τε κρήνη μελάνυδρος,","translation":"pouring hot tears like a dark-flowing spring","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κρήνη μελάνυδρος","title":"A spring of dark water","body":"The compound μελάνυδρος joins ‘dark’ and ‘water.’ Patroclus' tears become a continuous mountain flow, not a single burst of weeping."}],"words":[{"surface":"δάκρυα","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of χέων","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"θερμὰ","lemma":"θερμός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δάκρυα","gloss":"hot"},{"surface":"χέων","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to παρίστατο","gloss":"pouring"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"κρήνη","lemma":"κρήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"spring"},{"surface":"μελάνυδρος","lemma":"μελάνυδρος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κρήνη","gloss":"dark-watered"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"b16-l4","source":"ἥ τε κατʼ αἰγίλιπος πέτρης δνοφερὸν χέει ὕδωρ.","translation":"that pours its dusky water down a sheer rock face.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of χέει","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"regularly"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"αἰγίλιπος","lemma":"αἰγίλιψ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πέτρης","gloss":"sheer"},{"surface":"πέτρης","lemma":"πέτρα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατ̓","gloss":"rock"},{"surface":"δνοφερὸν","lemma":"δνοφερός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὕδωρ","gloss":"dusky"},{"surface":"χέει","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing κρήνη","gloss":"pours"},{"surface":"ὕδωρ","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of χέει","gloss":"water"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"b16-l5","source":"τὸν δὲ ἰδὼν ᾤκτιρε ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς,","translation":"Seeing him, swift-footed godlike Achilles pitied him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἰδὼν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ᾤκτιρε","gloss":"seeing"},{"surface":"ᾤκτιρε","lemma":"οἰκτείρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pitied"},{"surface":"ποδάρκης","lemma":"ποδαρκής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"swift-footed"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ᾤκτιρε","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"b16-l6","source":"καί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"and speaking to him, he addressed him with winged words:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"φωνήσας","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"b16-l7","source":"τίπτε δεδάκρυσαι Πατρόκλεες, ἠΰτε κούρη","translation":"\"Why are you weeping, Patroclus, like a little girl","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τίπτε","lemma":"τίπτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δεδάκρυσαι","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"δεδάκρυσαι","lemma":"δακρύω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"weeping","note":"The perfect marks an existing state: Patroclus is visibly in tears."},{"surface":"Πατρόκλεες","lemma":"πάτροκλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"ἠΰτε","lemma":"ἠύτε","morphology":"particle","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"κούρη","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"girl"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"b16-l8","source":"νηπίη, ἥ θʼ ἅμα μητρὶ θέουσʼ ἀνελέσθαι ἀνώγει","translation":"who runs beside her mother and bids her lift her,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l8.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἀνελέσθαι ἀνώγει","title":"The child urges her mother","body":"The infinitive ἀνελέσθαι completes the child's command: she tells her mother to lift her. Homer gives Achilles an unexpectedly domestic image for Patroclus' grief."}],"words":[{"surface":"νηπίη","lemma":"νήπιος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κούρη","gloss":"childish"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀνώγει","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"μητρὶ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἅμα","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"θέουσ","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἀνώγει","gloss":"runs"},{"surface":"ἀνελέσθαι","lemma":"ἀναιρέω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ἀνώγει","gloss":"lift her"},{"surface":"ἀνώγει","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δέ","gloss":"bids"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"b16-l9","source":"εἱανοῦ ἁπτομένη, καί τʼ ἐσσυμένην κατερύκει,","translation":"clutching her dress, and holds her back as she hurries,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἱανοῦ","lemma":"εἱανός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἁπτομένη","gloss":"dress"},{"surface":"ἁπτομένη","lemma":"ἅπτω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἀνώγει","gloss":"clutching"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐσσυμένην","lemma":"ἐσσύμενος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"object of κατερύκει","gloss":"hurrying"},{"surface":"κατερύκει","lemma":"κατερύκω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δέ","gloss":"holds her back"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"b16-l10","source":"δακρυόεσσα δέ μιν ποτιδέρκεται, ὄφρʼ ἀνέληται·","translation":"and tearfully looks up at her until she lifts her?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δακρυόεσσα","lemma":"δακρυόεις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"tearfully"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ποτιδέρκεται","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"ποτιδέρκεται","lemma":"προσδέρκομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δέ","gloss":"looks up at"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ἀνέληται","lemma":"ἀναιρέω","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφῤ","gloss":"lifts her"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"b16-l11","source":"τῇ ἴκελος Πάτροκλε τέρεν κατὰ δάκρυον εἴβεις.","translation":"Like her, Patroclus, you let fall a tender tear.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἴκελος","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"ἴκελος","lemma":"ἴκελος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"Πάτροκλε","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"τέρεν","lemma":"τέρην","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δάκρυον","gloss":"tender"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"δάκρυον","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἴβεις","gloss":"tear"},{"surface":"εἴβεις","lemma":"εἴβω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let fall"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"b16-l12","source":"ἠέ τι Μυρμιδόνεσσι πιφαύσκεαι, ἢ ἐμοὶ αὐτῷ,","translation":"Is there something you would tell the Myrmidons, or me myself?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l12.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠέ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of πιφαύσκεαι","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"Μυρμιδόνεσσι","lemma":"Μυρμιδόνες","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of πιφαύσκεαι","gloss":"Myrmidons"},{"surface":"πιφαύσκεαι","lemma":"πιφαύσκω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐμοὶ","gloss":"myself"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"b16-l13","source":"ἦέ τινʼ ἀγγελίην Φθίης ἐξέκλυες οἶος;","translation":"Or have you alone heard some message from Phthia?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l13.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦέ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"τιν","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀγγελίην","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"ἀγγελίην","lemma":"ἀγγελία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξέκλυες","gloss":"message"},{"surface":"Φθίης","lemma":"φθία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξέκλυες","gloss":"Phthia"},{"surface":"ἐξέκλυες","lemma":"ἐκκλύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heard from"},{"surface":"οἶος","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"b16-l14","source":"ζώειν μὰν ἔτι φασὶ Μενοίτιον Ἄκτορος υἱόν,","translation":"They say Menoetius, son of Actor, is still alive,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l14.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ζώειν","lemma":"ζώω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of φασὶ","gloss":"alive"},{"surface":"μὰν","lemma":"μήν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ζώειν","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"φασὶ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they say"},{"surface":"Μενοίτιον","lemma":"Μενοίτιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ζώειν","gloss":"Menoetius"},{"surface":"Ἄκτορος","lemma":"Ἄκτωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱόν","gloss":"Actor"},{"surface":"υἱόν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Μενοίτιον","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"b16-l15","source":"ζώει δʼ Αἰακίδης Πηλεὺς μετὰ Μυρμιδόνεσσι;","translation":"and Peleus, son of Aeacus, lives among the Myrmidons;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l15.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ζώει","lemma":"ζώω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lives"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Αἰακίδης","lemma":"Αἰακίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πηλεὺς","gloss":"son of Aeacus"},{"surface":"Πηλεὺς","lemma":"Πηλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ζώει","gloss":"Peleus"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"Μυρμιδόνεσσι","lemma":"Μυρμιδόνες","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"Myrmidons"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"b16-l16","source":"τῶν κε μάλʼ ἀμφοτέρων ἀκαχοίμεθα τεθνηώτων.","translation":"we would grieve deeply if both of them were dead.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l16.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἀμφοτέρων","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀκαχοίμεθα","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ἀμφοτέρων","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of τεθνηώτων","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"ἀκαχοίμεθα","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grieve","note":"The optative with the modal particle expresses a hypothetical reaction."},{"surface":"τεθνηώτων","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀκαχοίμεθα","gloss":"dead"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"b16-l17","source":"ἦε σύ γʼ Ἀργείων ὀλοφύρεαι, ὡς ὀλέκονται","translation":"Or do you mourn the Argives, because they are dying","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l17.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦε","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὀλοφύρεαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ἀργείων","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ὀλοφύρεαι","gloss":"the Argives"},{"surface":"ὀλοφύρεαι","lemma":"ὀλοφύρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"mourn"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"ὀλέκονται","lemma":"ὀλέκω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"are dying"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"b16-l18","source":"νηυσὶν ἔπι γλαφυρῇσιν ὑπερβασίης ἕνεκα σφῆς;","translation":"at the hollow ships through their own transgression?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l18.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὑπερβασίης ἕνεκα σφῆς","title":"A ruin of their own making","body":"ὑπερβασίη is an overstepping of right limits. Achilles still frames the Achaeans' suffering as the consequence of the outrage done to his honor."}],"words":[{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔπι","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"γλαφυρῇσιν","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶν","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"ὑπερβασίης","lemma":"ὑπερβασία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἕνεκα","gloss":"transgression"},{"surface":"ἕνεκα","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"because of"},{"surface":"σφῆς","lemma":"σφός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὑπερβασίης","gloss":"their own"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"b16-l19","source":"ἐξαύδα, μὴ κεῦθε νόῳ, ἵνα εἴδομεν ἄμφω.","translation":"Speak out, do not hide it in your mind, so that we both may know.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l19.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξαύδα","lemma":"ἐξαυδάω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"speak out"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"κεῦθε","lemma":"κεύθω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hide"},{"surface":"νόῳ","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κεῦθε","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"εἴδομεν","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"ἄμφω","lemma":"ἄμφω","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"subject of εἴδομεν","gloss":"both"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"b16-l20","source":"τὸν δὲ βαρὺ στενάχων προσέφης Πατρόκλεες ἱππεῦ·","translation":"Then, groaning heavily, you answered, Patroclus the horseman:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l20.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"προσέφης","title":"The narrator turns to Patroclus","body":"The verb προσέφης is second-person singular. Homer briefly addresses Patroclus directly, lending solemn intimacy to the plea that will bring about his death."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφης","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"βαρὺ","lemma":"βαρύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to στενάχων","gloss":"heavily"},{"surface":"στενάχων","lemma":"στενάχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφης","gloss":"groaning"},{"surface":"προσέφης","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"Πατρόκλεες","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"ἱππεῦ","lemma":"ἱππεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πατρόκλεες","gloss":"horseman"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"b16-l21","source":"ὦ Ἀχιλεῦ Πηλῆος υἱὲ μέγα φέρτατʼ Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"\"Achilles, son of Peleus, far greatest of the Achaeans,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l21.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"o"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλεῦ","lemma":"̓ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"Πηλῆος","lemma":"Πηλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὲ","gloss":"of Peleus"},{"surface":"υἱὲ","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀχιλεῦ","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to φέρτατ̓","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"φέρτατ","lemma":"φέρτατος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλεῦ","gloss":"greatest"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies φέρτατ̓","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"b16-l22","source":"μὴ νεμέσα· τοῖον γὰρ ἄχος βεβίηκεν Ἀχαιούς.","translation":"do not be angry; for such grief has overwhelmed the Achaeans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l22.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"νεμέσα","lemma":"νεμεσάω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"be angry"},{"surface":"τοῖον","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄχος","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἄχος","lemma":"ἄχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of βεβίηκεν","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"βεβίηκεν","lemma":"βιάω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has overwhelmed"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of βεβίηκεν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"b16-l23","source":"οἳ μὲν γὰρ δὴ πάντες, ὅσοι πάρος ἦσαν ἄριστοι,","translation":"For all those who before were best","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l23.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"subject of κέαται","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἳ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ὅσοι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἦσαν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦσαν","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ἦσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing οἳ","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"ἄριστοι","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine superlative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"best"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"b16-l24","source":"ἐν νηυσὶν κέαται βεβλημένοι οὐτάμενοί τε.","translation":"lie in the ships, struck and wounded.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l24.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"βεβλημένοι οὐτάμενοί τε","title":"Two kinds of injury","body":"βεβλημένοι and οὐτάμενοι distinguish men hit by missiles from men stabbed at close quarters. The paired participles gather the army's foremost wounded leaders into one grim picture."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"κέαται","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lie"},{"surface":"βεβλημένοι","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"struck","note":"The perfect participle emphasizes their continuing wounded state."},{"surface":"οὐτάμενοί","lemma":"οὐτάω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"wounded"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"b16-l25","source":"βέβληται μὲν ὃ Τυδεΐδης κρατερὸς Διομήδης,","translation":"Mighty Diomedes, son of Tydeus, has been struck,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l25.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βέβληται","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has been struck"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies Τυδεΐδης","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Τυδεΐδης","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son of Tydeus"},{"surface":"κρατερὸς","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διομήδης","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"Διομήδης","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Diomedes"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"b16-l26","source":"οὔτασται δʼ Ὀδυσεὺς δουρικλυτὸς ἠδʼ Ἀγαμέμνων,","translation":"and Odysseus, famed with the spear, and Agamemnon have been wounded;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l26.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔτασται","lemma":"οὐτάζω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has been wounded"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠδ̓","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"δουρικλυτὸς","lemma":"δουρικλειτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσεὺς","gloss":"famed with spear"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠδ̓","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"b16-l27","source":"βέβληται δὲ καὶ Εὐρύπυλος κατὰ μηρὸν ὀϊστῷ.","translation":"Eurypylus too has been struck in the thigh by an arrow;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l27.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βέβληται","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has been struck"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"Εὐρύπυλος","lemma":"Εὐρύπυλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βέβληται","gloss":"Eurypylus"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μηρὸν","lemma":"μηρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"thigh"},{"surface":"ὀϊστῷ","lemma":"ὀιστός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βέβληται","gloss":"arrow"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"b16-l28","source":"τοὺς μέν τʼ ἰητροὶ πολυφάρμακοι ἀμφιπένονται","translation":"healers skilled in many remedies attend to them,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l28.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἰητροὶ πολυφάρμακοι","title":"Many-remedied healers","body":"πολυφάρμακοι praises the healers' command of many drugs and treatments. Their work here is to tend the wounded and close their injuries, not to return them immediately to battle."}],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀμφιπένονται","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰητροὶ","lemma":"ἰατρός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀμφιπένονται","gloss":"healers"},{"surface":"πολυφάρμακοι","lemma":"πολυφάρμακος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἰητροὶ","gloss":"skilled in remedies"},{"surface":"ἀμφιπένονται","lemma":"ἀμφιπένομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"attend to"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"b16-l29","source":"ἕλκεʼ ἀκειόμενοι· σὺ δʼ ἀμήχανος ἔπλευ Ἀχιλλεῦ.","translation":"healing their wounds; but you have become helpless, Achilles.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l29.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕλκε","lemma":"ἕλκος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀκειόμενοι","gloss":"wounds"},{"surface":"ἀκειόμενοι","lemma":"ἀκέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀμφιπένονται","gloss":"heal"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔπλευ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀμήχανος","lemma":"ἀμήχανος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"helpless"},{"surface":"ἔπλευ","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεῦ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"b16-l30","source":"μὴ ἐμέ γʼ οὖν οὗτός γε λάβοι χόλος, ὃν σὺ φυλάσσεις","translation":"May this anger you nurse never take hold of me,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l30.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"may not"},{"surface":"ἐμέ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of λάβοι","gloss":"of me"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οὗτός","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χόλος","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"λάβοι","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"take hold"},{"surface":"χόλος","lemma":"χόλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of λάβοι","gloss":"anger"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of φυλάσσεις","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φυλάσσεις","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"φυλάσσεις","lemma":"φυλάσσω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing χόλος","gloss":"nurse"}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"b16-l31","source":"αἰναρέτη· τί σευ ἄλλος ὀνήσεται ὀψίγονός περ","translation":"dreadful in valor. What good will you be to any man born later,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l31.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"αἰναρέτη","title":"Praise turned into blame","body":"αἰναρέτη combines an adjective of dread with ἀρετή, heroic excellence. In Patroclus' mouth the address is bitter: Achilles' surpassing valor helps no one while he withholds it."}],"words":[{"surface":"αἰναρέτη","lemma":"αἰναρέτης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"dreadful warrior"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τίς","morphology":"irregular","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"σευ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὀνήσεται","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ὀνήσεται","gloss":"any other"},{"surface":"ὀνήσεται","lemma":"ὀνίνημι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will benefit"},{"surface":"ὀψίγονός","lemma":"ὀψίγονος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄλλος","gloss":"later-born"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":32,"label":"32","id":"b16-l32","source":"αἴ κε μὴ Ἀργείοισιν ἀεικέα λοιγὸν ἀμύνῃς;","translation":"if you do not ward shameful ruin from the Argives?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l32.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"Ἀργείοισιν","lemma":"ἀργεῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμύνῃς","gloss":"the Argives"},{"surface":"ἀεικέα","lemma":"ἀεικής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λοιγὸν","gloss":"shameful"},{"surface":"λοιγὸν","lemma":"λοιγός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμύνῃς","gloss":"ruin"},{"surface":"ἀμύνῃς","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"ward off"}]},{"number":33,"label":"33","id":"b16-l33","source":"νηλεές, οὐκ ἄρα σοί γε πατὴρ ἦν ἱππότα Πηλεύς,","translation":"Pitiless man, Peleus the horseman was not your father,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l33.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηλεές","lemma":"νηλής","morphology":"vocative singular neuter adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"pitiless"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"σοί","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies πατὴρ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἦν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ἱππότα","lemma":"ἱππότης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πηλεύς","gloss":"horseman"},{"surface":"Πηλεύς","lemma":"Πηλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦν","gloss":"Peleus"}]},{"number":34,"label":"34","id":"b16-l34","source":"οὐδὲ Θέτις μήτηρ· γλαυκὴ δέ σε τίκτε θάλασσα","translation":"nor Thetis your mother; the gray sea bore you,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l34.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Θέτις","lemma":"Θέτις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Thetis"},{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"γλαυκὴ","lemma":"γλαυκός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies θάλασσα","gloss":"gray"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τίκτε","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"τίκτε","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"θάλασσα","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τ̓","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":35,"label":"35","id":"b16-l35","source":"πέτραι τʼ ἠλίβατοι, ὅτι τοι νόος ἐστὶν ἀπηνής.","translation":"and the towering rocks, since your mind is harsh.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l35.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πέτραι","lemma":"πέτρα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of τ̓","gloss":"rocks"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠλίβατοι","lemma":"ἠλίβατος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies πέτραι","gloss":"sheer"},{"surface":"ὅτι","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies νόος","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"νόος","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐστὶν","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"ἐστὶν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτι","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ἀπηνής","lemma":"ἀπηνής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"harsh"}]},{"number":36,"label":"36","id":"b16-l36","source":"εἰ δέ τινα φρεσὶ σῇσι θεοπροπίην ἀλεείνεις","translation":"But if in your heart you are avoiding some prophecy,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l36.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θεοπροπίην ἀλεείνεις","title":"A divine warning withheld","body":"θεοπροπίη is a declaration from a god. Patroclus allows that Achilles may be holding back because of a warning he cannot disclose, then offers to act in his place."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"but if"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τινα","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies θεοπροπίην","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀλεείνεις","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"σῇσι","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρεσὶ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"θεοπροπίην","lemma":"θεοπροπία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀλεείνεις","gloss":"prophecy"},{"surface":"ἀλεείνεις","lemma":"ἀλεείνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"avoiding"}]},{"number":37,"label":"37","id":"b16-l37","source":"καί τινά τοι πὰρ Ζηνὸς ἐπέφραδε πότνια μήτηρ,","translation":"and your queenly mother has told you something from Zeus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l37.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τινά","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἐπέφραδε","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπέφραδε","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Ζηνὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πὰρ","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ἐπέφραδε","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"revealed"},{"surface":"πότνια","lemma":"πότνια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μήτηρ","gloss":"queenly"},{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐπέφραδε","gloss":"mother"}]},{"number":38,"label":"38","id":"b16-l38","source":"ἀλλʼ ἐμέ περ πρόες ὦχʼ, ἃμα δʼ ἄλλον λαὸν ὄπασσον","translation":"then at least send me swiftly, and give me another host to lead—","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l38.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐμέ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πρόες","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"πρόες","lemma":"προίημι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"send"},{"surface":"ὦχ","lemma":"ὦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πρόες","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"ἃμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄπασσον","gloss":"at the same time"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλον","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λαὸν","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"λαὸν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὄπασσον","gloss":"host"},{"surface":"ὄπασσον","lemma":"ὀπάζω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"give"}]},{"number":39,"label":"39","id":"b16-l39","source":"Μυρμιδόνων, ἤν πού τι φόως Δαναοῖσι γένωμαι.","translation":"the Myrmidons—in hope I may become some light for the Danaans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l39.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μυρμιδόνων","lemma":"Μυρμιδόνες","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies λαὸν","gloss":"the Myrmidons"},{"surface":"ἤν","lemma":"ἐάν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"in hope"},{"surface":"πού","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies φόως","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"φόως","lemma":"φόως","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"Δαναοῖσι","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to γένωμαι","gloss":"the Danaans"},{"surface":"γένωμαι","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἤν","gloss":"become"}]},{"number":40,"label":"40","id":"b16-l40","source":"δὸς δέ μοι ὤμοιιν τὰ σὰ τεύχεα θωρηχθῆναι,","translation":"Give me your armor to wear upon my shoulders,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l40.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δὸς","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δὸς","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ὤμοιιν","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"dative dual masculine noun","role":"adverbial to θωρηχθῆναι","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter article","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"σὰ","lemma":"σός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of θωρηχθῆναι","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"θωρηχθῆναι","lemma":"θωρήσσω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"object of δὸς","gloss":"to wear"}]},{"number":41,"label":"41","id":"b16-l41","source":"αἴ κʼ ἐμὲ σοὶ ἴσκοντες ἀπόσχωνται πολέμοιο","translation":"so that the Trojans, mistaking me for you, may hold back from battle,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l41.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"ἐμὲ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἴσκοντες","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἴσκοντες","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἴσκοντες","lemma":"ἴσκω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπόσχωνται","gloss":"liken"},{"surface":"ἀπόσχωνται","lemma":"ἀπέχω","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"hold back"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπόσχωνται","gloss":"battle"}]},{"number":42,"label":"42","id":"b16-l42","source":"Τρῶες, ἀναπνεύσωσι δʼ Ἀρήϊοι υἷες Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"and the warlike sons of the Achaeans may breathe again","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l42.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπόσχωνται","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ἀναπνεύσωσι","lemma":"ἀναπνέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"may breathe again"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀρήϊοι","lemma":"ἄρειος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷες","gloss":"warlike"},{"surface":"υἷες","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀναπνεύσωσι","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷες","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":43,"label":"43","id":"b16-l43","source":"τειρόμενοι· ὀλίγη δέ τʼ ἀνάπνευσις πολέμοιο.","translation":"in their exhaustion; brief indeed is any breathing-space in war.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l43.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀνάπνευσις πολέμοιο","title":"A moment to breathe","body":"ἀνάπνευσις is literally a breathing again. Patroclus asks only for the small respite that fresh troops can give exhausted fighters."}],"words":[{"surface":"τειρόμενοι","lemma":"τείρω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀναπνεύσωσι","gloss":"exhausted"},{"surface":"ὀλίγη","lemma":"ὀλίγος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"brief"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνάπνευσις","lemma":"ἀνάπνευσις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"breathing-space"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνάπνευσις","gloss":"war"}]},{"number":44,"label":"44","id":"b16-l44","source":"ῥεῖα δέ κʼ ἀκμῆτες κεκμηότας ἄνδρας ἀϋτῇ","translation":"Then easily, fresh as you are, with the battle-cry you could drive tired men","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l44.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥεῖα","lemma":"ῥεῖα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὤσαιμεν","gloss":"easily"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"ἀκμῆτες","lemma":"ἀκμής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ὤσαιμεν","gloss":"fresh"},{"surface":"κεκμηότας","lemma":"κάμνω","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifies ἄνδρας","gloss":"tired"},{"surface":"ἄνδρας","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὤσαιμεν","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἀϋτῇ","lemma":"ἀυτή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὤσαιμεν","gloss":"the battle-cry"}]},{"number":45,"label":"45","id":"b16-l45","source":"ὤσαιμεν προτὶ ἄστυ νεῶν ἄπο καὶ κλισιάων.","translation":"toward the city, away from the ships and shelters.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l45.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤσαιμεν","lemma":"ὠθέω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"could drive"},{"surface":"προτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of προτὶ","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"νεῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἄπο","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κλισιάων","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"shelters"}]},{"number":46,"label":"46","id":"b16-l46","source":"ὣς φάτο λισσόμενος μέγα νήπιος· ἦ γὰρ ἔμελλεν","translation":"So he spoke in supplication, great fool; for he was destined","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l46.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μέγα νήπιος","title":"The narrator knows the end","body":"μέγα νήπιος marks one who does not understand what his request will bring. The narrator's judgment interrupts the plea with foreknowledge of Patroclus' death."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"λισσόμενος","lemma":"λίσσομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"appealing"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to νήπιος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"νήπιος","lemma":"νήπιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"fool"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔμελλεν","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was destined"}]},{"number":47,"label":"47","id":"b16-l47","source":"οἷ αὐτῷ θάνατόν τε κακὸν καὶ κῆρα λιτέσθαι.","translation":"to beg evil death and doom upon himself.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l47.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἷ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of λιτέσθαι","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"θάνατόν","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θάνατόν","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κῆρα","lemma":"κήρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"doom"},{"surface":"λιτέσθαι","lemma":"λίσσομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ἔμελλεν","gloss":"to beg"}]},{"number":48,"label":"48","id":"b16-l48","source":"τὸν δὲ μέγʼ ὀχθήσας προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς·","translation":"Greatly troubled, swift-footed Achilles answered him:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l48.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέγ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter 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—×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l49.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"διογενὲς Πατρόκλεες","title":"A heroic address","body":"διογενές is the inherited vocative epithet ‘sprung from Zeus.’ It marks Patroclus' heroic standing without claiming that Zeus is his literal father."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὤ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"alas"},{"surface":"διογενὲς","lemma":"διογενής","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πατρόκλεες","gloss":"sprung from Zeus"},{"surface":"Πατρόκλεες","lemma":"πάτροκλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"οἷον","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of 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—×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l53.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὁππότε","lemma":"ὁπότε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies ὁμοῖον","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ὁμοῖον","lemma":"ὅμοιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀμέρσαι","gloss":"equal"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐθέλῃσιν","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἐθέλῃσιν","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὁππότε","gloss":"willing"},{"surface":"ἀμέρσαι","lemma":"ἀμέρδω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of 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Ἀχαιῶν,","translation":"The girl whom the sons of the Achaeans chose out as my prize,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l56.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κούρην","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"girl"},{"surface":"ἣν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔξελον","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"γέρας","lemma":"γέρας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"prize"},{"surface":"ἔξελον","lemma":"ἐξαιρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"chose 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—×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l60.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of προτετύχθαι","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"προτετύχθαι","lemma":"προτεύχω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἐάσομεν","gloss":"be past"},{"surface":"ἐάσομεν","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"πως","lemma":"πως","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"ἦν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main 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Yet I said","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l61.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀσπερχὲς","lemma":"ἀσπερχές","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κεχολῶσθαι","gloss":"relentlessly"},{"surface":"κεχολῶσθαι","lemma":"χολόω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive infinitive","role":"subject of ἦν","gloss":"to stay angry"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσίν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔφην","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":62,"label":"62","id":"b16-l62","source":"οὐ πρὶν 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particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":63,"label":"63","id":"b16-l63","source":"νῆας ἐμὰς ἀφίκηται ἀϋτή τε πτόλεμός τε.","translation":"the battle-cry and war reached my own ships.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l63.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀφίκηται","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐμὰς","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"my own"},{"surface":"ἀφίκηται","lemma":"ἀφικνέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὁπότ̓","gloss":"reaches"},{"surface":"ἀϋτή","lemma":"ἀυτή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"the battle-cry"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πτόλεμός","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":64,"label":"64","id":"b16-l64","source":"τύνη δʼ ὤμοιιν μὲν ἐμὰ κλυτὰ τεύχεα δῦθι,","translation":"So put my famous armor upon your shoulders,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l64.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τύνη","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine pronoun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὤμοιιν","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"dative dual masculine noun","role":"object of δῦθι","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐμὰ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"κλυτὰ","lemma":"κλυτός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"famous"},{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δῦθι","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"δῦθι","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put on"}]},{"number":65,"label":"65","id":"b16-l65","source":"ἄρχε δὲ Μυρμιδόνεσσι φιλοπτολέμοισι μάχεσθαι,","translation":"and lead the battle-loving Myrmidons to war,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l65.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄρχε","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lead"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μυρμιδόνεσσι","lemma":"Μυρμιδόνες","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἄρχε","gloss":"Myrmidons"},{"surface":"φιλοπτολέμοισι","lemma":"φιλοπόλεμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μυρμιδόνεσσι","gloss":"war-loving"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἄρχε","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":66,"label":"66","id":"b16-l66","source":"εἰ δὴ κυάνεον Τρώων νέφος ἀμφιβέβηκε","translation":"if indeed the dark cloud of Trojans has closed around","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l66.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κυάνεον Τρώων νέφος","title":"An army as storm-cloud","body":"The dark mass of Trojans is pictured as a κυάνεον νέφος, a blue-black cloud. It has closed around the ships as though blotting out the defenders' last light."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κυάνεον","lemma":"κυάνεος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies νέφος","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies νέφος","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"νέφος","lemma":"νέφος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἀμφιβέβηκε","gloss":"cloud"},{"surface":"ἀμφιβέβηκε","lemma":"ἀμφιβαίνω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"has closed around"}]},{"number":67,"label":"67","id":"b16-l67","source":"νηυσὶν ἐπικρατέως, οἳ δὲ ῥηγμῖνι θαλάσσης","translation":"the ships in force, while the Argives lean against the sea's breaking surf,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l67.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀμφιβέβηκε","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐπικρατέως","lemma":"ἐπικρατής","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀμφιβέβηκε","gloss":"in force","note":"An adverb conveying the Trojans’ forceful pressure on the ships."},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies Ἀργεῖοι","gloss":"the Argives"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"ῥηγμῖνι","lemma":"ῥηγμίν","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κεκλίαται","gloss":"breaking surf"},{"surface":"θαλάσσης","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ῥηγμῖνι","gloss":"of the sea"}]},{"number":68,"label":"68","id":"b16-l68","source":"κεκλίαται, χώρης ὀλίγην ἔτι μοῖραν ἔχοντες","translation":"holding only a small share of ground,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l68.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεκλίαται","lemma":"κλίνω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"lean"},{"surface":"χώρης","lemma":"χώρα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies μοῖραν","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"ὀλίγην","lemma":"ὀλίγος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μοῖραν","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχοντες","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"μοῖραν","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχοντες","gloss":"share"},{"surface":"ἔχοντες","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κεκλίαται","gloss":"holding"}]},{"number":69,"label":"69","id":"b16-l69","source":"Ἀργεῖοι, Τρώων δὲ πόλις ἐπὶ πᾶσα βέβηκε","translation":"and the whole city of the Trojans has come on","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l69.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργεῖοι","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of κεκλίαται","gloss":"the Argives"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies πόλις","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πόλις","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of βέβηκε","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"πᾶσα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πόλις","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"βέβηκε","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"has come on"}]},{"number":70,"label":"70","id":"b16-l70","source":"θάρσυνος· οὐ γὰρ ἐμῆς κόρυθος λεύσσουσι μέτωπον","translation":"boldly. For they do not see the brow of my helmet","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l70.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θάρσυνος","lemma":"θάρσυνος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πόλις","gloss":"bold"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐμῆς","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κόρυθος","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"κόρυθος","lemma":"κόρυς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies μέτωπον","gloss":"helmet"},{"surface":"λεύσσουσι","lemma":"λεύσσω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"μέτωπον","lemma":"μέτωπον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of λεύσσουσι","gloss":"forehead"}]},{"number":71,"label":"71","id":"b16-l71","source":"ἐγγύθι λαμπομένης· τάχα κεν φεύγοντες ἐναύλους","translation":"blazing near them; soon in flight they would fill the gullies","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l71.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐγγύθι","lemma":"ἐγγύθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λαμπομένης","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"λαμπομένης","lemma":"λάμπω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular feminine","role":"modifies κόρυθος","gloss":"blazing"},{"surface":"τάχα","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πλήσειαν","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"φεύγοντες","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to πλήσειαν","gloss":"fleeing"},{"surface":"ἐναύλους","lemma":"ἔναυλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of πλήσειαν","gloss":"gullies"}]},{"number":72,"label":"72","id":"b16-l72","source":"πλήσειαν νεκύων, εἴ μοι κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων","translation":"with their dead, if the lord Agamemnon knew how to treat me kindly;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l72.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πλήσειαν","lemma":"πίμπλημι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would fill"},{"surface":"νεκύων","lemma":"νέκυς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of πλήσειαν","gloss":"dead"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἤπια","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"κρείων","lemma":"κρείων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἰδείη","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":73,"label":"73","id":"b16-l73","source":"ἤπια εἰδείη· νῦν δὲ στρατὸν ἀμφιμάχονται.","translation":"but now they are fighting all around the camp.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l73.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤπια","lemma":"ἤπιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to εἰδείη","gloss":"kindly"},{"surface":"εἰδείη","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"knew how"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀμφιμάχονται","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"στρατὸν","lemma":"στρατός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφιμάχονται","gloss":"the camp"},{"surface":"ἀμφιμάχονται","lemma":"ἀμφιμάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are fighting around"}]},{"number":74,"label":"74","id":"b16-l74","source":"οὐ γὰρ Τυδεΐδεω Διομήδεος ἐν παλάμῃσι","translation":"For in the hands of Diomedes, son of Tydeus, the spear","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l74.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Τυδεΐδεω","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Διομήδεος","gloss":"son of Tydeus"},{"surface":"Διομήδεος","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies παλάμῃσι","gloss":"Diomedes"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"παλάμῃσι","lemma":"παλάμη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"hands"}]},{"number":75,"label":"75","id":"b16-l75","source":"μαίνεται ἐγχείη Δαναῶν ἀπὸ λοιγὸν ἀμῦναι·","translation":"does not rage to ward ruin from the Danaans;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l75.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μαίνεται","lemma":"μαίνομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rages"},{"surface":"ἐγχείη","lemma":"ἐγχείη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of μαίνεται","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"Δαναῶν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"the Danaans"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"λοιγὸν","lemma":"λοιγός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμῦναι","gloss":"ruin"},{"surface":"ἀμῦναι","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to μαίνεται","gloss":"ward"}]},{"number":76,"label":"76","id":"b16-l76","source":"οὐδέ πω Ἀτρεΐδεω ὀπὸς ἔκλυον αὐδήσαντος","translation":"nor have I yet heard the voice of Atreus' son shouting","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l76.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πω","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδεω","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὀπὸς","gloss":"Atreus' son"},{"surface":"ὀπὸς","lemma":"ὄψ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔκλυον","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"ἔκλυον","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"αὐδήσαντος","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"aorist active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifies Ἀτρεΐδεω","gloss":"speaking"}]},{"number":77,"label":"77","id":"b16-l77","source":"ἐχθρῆς ἐκ κεφαλῆς· ἀλλʼ Ἕκτορος ἀνδροφόνοιο","translation":"from his hated head; but the voice of man-slaying Hector","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l77.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐχθρῆς","lemma":"ἐχθρός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κεφαλῆς","gloss":"hateful"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"κεφαλῆς","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορος","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"ἀνδροφόνοιο","lemma":"ἀνδροφόνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορος","gloss":"man-slaying"}]},{"number":78,"label":"78","id":"b16-l78","source":"Τρωσὶ κελεύοντος περιάγνυται, οἳ δʼ ἀλαλητῷ","translation":"breaks all around as he commands the Trojans, and with their war-cry","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l78.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρωσὶ","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κελεύοντος","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"κελεύοντος","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifies Ἕκτορος","gloss":"commands"},{"surface":"περιάγνυται","lemma":"περιάγνυμι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"breaks all around"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κατέχουσι","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλαλητῷ","lemma":"ἀλαλητός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατέχουσι","gloss":"with a shout"}]},{"number":79,"label":"79","id":"b16-l79","source":"πᾶν πεδίον κατέχουσι μάχῃ νικῶντες Ἀχαιούς.","translation":"they hold the whole plain, defeating the Achaeans in battle.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l79.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πᾶν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πεδίον","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"πεδίον","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κατέχουσι","gloss":"plain"},{"surface":"κατέχουσι","lemma":"κατέχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hold"},{"surface":"μάχῃ","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to νικῶντες","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"νικῶντες","lemma":"νικάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κατέχουσι","gloss":"defeating"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of νικῶντες","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":80,"label":"80","id":"b16-l80","source":"ἀλλὰ καὶ ὧς Πάτροκλε νεῶν ἄπο λοιγὸν ἀμύνων","translation":"Even so, Patroclus, fall on fiercely and ward ruin from the ships,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l80.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ὧς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔμπεσ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"Πάτροκλε","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"νεῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἄπο","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἄπο","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"λοιγὸν","lemma":"λοιγός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμύνων","gloss":"ruin"},{"surface":"ἀμύνων","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔμπεσ̓","gloss":"ward"}]},{"number":81,"label":"81","id":"b16-l81","source":"ἔμπεσʼ ἐπικρατέως, μὴ δὴ πυρὸς αἰθομένοιο","translation":"lest with blazing fire they burn","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l81.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔμπεσ","lemma":"ἐμπίπτω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fall on"},{"surface":"ἐπικρατέως","lemma":"ἐπικρατής","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔμπεσ̓","gloss":"fiercely"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πυρὸς","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐνιπρήσωσι","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"αἰθομένοιο","lemma":"αἴθω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular neuter","role":"modifies πυρὸς","gloss":"blazing"}]},{"number":82,"label":"82","id":"b16-l82","source":"νῆας ἐνιπρήσωσι, φίλον δʼ ἀπὸ νόστον ἕλωνται.","translation":"the ships and rob us of our dear homecoming.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l82.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐνιπρήσωσι","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐνιπρήσωσι","lemma":"ἐμπρήθω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"burn"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies νόστον","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"νόστον","lemma":"νόστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕλωνται","gloss":"homecoming"},{"surface":"ἕλωνται","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"rob"}]},{"number":83,"label":"83","id":"b16-l83","source":"πείθεο δʼ ὥς τοι ἐγὼ μύθου τέλος ἐν φρεσὶ θείω,","translation":"But obey as I set the sum of my command in your heart,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l83.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"μύθου τέλος","title":"Achilles sets a binding limit","body":"Here ὥς means ‘as’ and τέλος is the sum or full scope of Achilles' command. The true purpose construction begins in the next line with ὡς ἄν: Patroclus must save the ships, win back Achilles' honor, and then stop."}],"words":[{"surface":"πείθεο","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"obey"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies φρεσὶ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of θείω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"μύθου","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τέλος","gloss":"command"},{"surface":"τέλος","lemma":"τέλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of θείω","gloss":"sum"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"θείω","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὥς","gloss":"set"}]},{"number":84,"label":"84","id":"b16-l84","source":"ὡς ἄν μοι τιμὴν μεγάλην καὶ κῦδος ἄρηαι","translation":"that you may win great honor and glory for me","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l84.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἄρηαι","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"τιμὴν","lemma":"τιμή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"honor"},{"surface":"μεγάλην","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies τιμὴν","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κῦδος","lemma":"κῦδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ἄρηαι","lemma":"αἴρω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"win","note":"The aorist subjunctive belongs to the purpose clause: “so that you may win.”"}]},{"number":85,"label":"85","id":"b16-l85","source":"πρὸς πάντων Δαναῶν, ἀτὰρ οἳ περικαλλέα κούρην","translation":"from all the Danaans, and they may send the lovely girl","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l85.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Δαναῶν","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"Δαναῶν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πρὸς","gloss":"the Danaans"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀπονάσσωσιν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"περικαλλέα","lemma":"περικαλλής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κούρην","gloss":"exceedingly beautiful"},{"surface":"κούρην","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπονάσσωσιν","gloss":"girl"}]},{"number":86,"label":"86","id":"b16-l86","source":"ἂψ ἀπονάσσωσιν, ποτὶ δʼ ἀγλαὰ δῶρα πόρωσιν.","translation":"back to me, and give splendid gifts besides.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l86.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπονάσσωσιν","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ἀπονάσσωσιν","lemma":"ἀποναίω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"send back"},{"surface":"ποτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγλαὰ","lemma":"ἀγλαός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶρα","gloss":"splendid"},{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πόρωσιν","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"πόρωσιν","lemma":"πόρω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"give"}]},{"number":87,"label":"87","id":"b16-l87","source":"ἐκ νηῶν ἐλάσας ἰέναι πάλιν· εἰ δέ κεν αὖ τοι","translation":"Once you have driven them from the ships, come back. And if","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l87.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐλάσας","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἰέναι","gloss":"driven"},{"surface":"ἰέναι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"πάλιν","lemma":"πάλιν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἰέναι","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"and if"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of δώῃ","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":88,"label":"88","id":"b16-l88","source":"δώῃ κῦδος ἀρέσθαι ἐρίγδουπος πόσις Ἥρης,","translation":"loud-thundering Zeus, husband of Hera, grants you glory,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l88.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δώῃ","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"grants"},{"surface":"κῦδος","lemma":"κῦδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀρέσθαι","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ἀρέσθαι","lemma":"αἴρω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of δώῃ","gloss":"win"},{"surface":"ἐρίγδουπος","lemma":"ἐρίγδουπος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόσις","gloss":"loud-thundering"},{"surface":"πόσις","lemma":"πόσις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δώῃ","gloss":"husband"},{"surface":"Ἥρης","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies πόσις","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":89,"label":"89","id":"b16-l89","source":"μὴ σύ γʼ ἄνευθεν ἐμεῖο λιλαίεσθαι πολεμίζειν","translation":"do not long to fight on without me","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l89.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of λιλαίεσθαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄνευθεν","lemma":"ἄνευθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"ἐμεῖο","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἄνευθεν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"λιλαίεσθαι","lemma":"λιλαίομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"πολεμίζειν","lemma":"πολεμίζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of λιλαίεσθαι","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":90,"label":"90","id":"b16-l90","source":"Τρωσὶ φιλοπτολέμοισιν· ἀτιμότερον δέ με θήσεις·","translation":"against the battle-loving Trojans; you will make me less honored.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l90.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρωσὶ","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of πολεμίζειν","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"φιλοπτολέμοισιν","lemma":"φιλοπόλεμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρωσὶ","gloss":"war-loving"},{"surface":"ἀτιμότερον","lemma":"ἄτιμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"complement of θήσεις","gloss":"less honored"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of θήσεις","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"θήσεις","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"future active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"make"}]},{"number":91,"label":"91","id":"b16-l91","source":"μὴ δʼ ἐπαγαλλόμενος πολέμῳ καὶ δηϊοτῆτι","translation":"And do not, exulting in war and combat,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l91.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπαγαλλόμενος","lemma":"ἐπαγάλλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἡγεμονεύειν","gloss":"exulting"},{"surface":"πολέμῳ","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δηϊοτῆτι","lemma":"δηιοτής","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"combat"}]},{"number":92,"label":"92","id":"b16-l92","source":"Τρῶας ἐναιρόμενος προτὶ Ἴλιον ἡγεμονεύειν,","translation":"lead on toward Ilion as you slaughter Trojans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l92.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶας","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐναιρόμενος","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ἐναιρόμενος","lemma":"ἐναίρω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἡγεμονεύειν","gloss":"slaughtering"},{"surface":"προτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of προτὶ","gloss":"Ilion"},{"surface":"ἡγεμονεύειν","lemma":"ἡγεμονεύω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"lead"}]},{"number":93,"label":"93","id":"b16-l93","source":"μή τις ἀπʼ Οὐλύμποιο θεῶν αἰειγενετάων","translation":"lest one of the ever-living gods come down from Olympus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l93.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐμβήῃ","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Οὐλύμποιο","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀπ̓","gloss":"Olympus"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"αἰειγενετάων","lemma":"ἀειγενέτης","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies θεῶν","gloss":"ever-living"}]},{"number":94,"label":"94","id":"b16-l94","source":"ἐμβήῃ· μάλα τούς γε φιλεῖ ἑκάεργος Ἀπόλλων·","translation":"and enter the fight; the far-worker Apollo loves them greatly.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l94.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐμβήῃ","lemma":"ἐμβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μή","gloss":"enter"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φιλεῖ","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"τούς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of φιλεῖ","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"φιλεῖ","lemma":"φιλέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"loves"},{"surface":"ἑκάεργος","lemma":"Ἑκάεργος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"far-worker"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of φιλεῖ","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":95,"label":"95","id":"b16-l95","source":"ἀλλὰ πάλιν τρωπᾶσθαι, ἐπὴν φάος ἐν νήεσσι","translation":"Turn back instead, once you have made light among the ships,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l95.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"instead"},{"surface":"πάλιν","lemma":"πάλιν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τρωπᾶσθαι","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"τρωπᾶσθαι","lemma":"τρωπάω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"turn"},{"surface":"ἐπὴν","lemma":"ἐπήν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"φάος","lemma":"φάος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of θήῃς","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"νήεσσι","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"ships"}]},{"number":96,"label":"96","id":"b16-l96","source":"θήῃς, τοὺς δʼ ἔτʼ ἐᾶν πεδίον κάτα δηριάασθαι.","translation":"and leave the others still to struggle across the plain.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l96.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θήῃς","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπὴν","gloss":"make"},{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δηριάασθαι","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐᾶν","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"ἐᾶν","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"leave"},{"surface":"πεδίον","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κάτα","gloss":"plain"},{"surface":"κάτα","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"across"},{"surface":"δηριάασθαι","lemma":"δηριάομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἐᾶν","gloss":"struggle"}]},{"number":97,"label":"97","id":"b16-l97","source":"αἲ γὰρ Ζεῦ τε πάτερ καὶ Ἀθηναίη καὶ Ἄπολλον","translation":"Would that, father Zeus, and Athena, and Apollo,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l97.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"αἲ γὰρ","title":"An impossible wish","body":"The wish continues through line 100: Achilles imagines every Trojan and every Argive dead, leaving only himself and Patroclus alive. Its extremity exposes both his isolation and the possessive bond behind his command."}],"words":[{"surface":"αἲ","lemma":"αἴ","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would that"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Ζεῦ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πάτερ","lemma":"πάτηρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεῦ","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Athena"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἄπολλον","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":98,"label":"98","id":"b16-l98","source":"μήτέ τις οὖν Τρώων θάνατον φύγοι ὅσσοι ἔασι,","translation":"not one of all the Trojans might escape death,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l98.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μήτέ","lemma":"μήτε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φύγοι","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"θάνατον","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φύγοι","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"φύγοι","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"escape"},{"surface":"ὅσσοι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἔασι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἔασι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Τρώων","gloss":"there are"}]},{"number":99,"label":"99","id":"b16-l99","source":"μήτέ τις Ἀργείων, νῶϊν δʼ ἐκδῦμεν ὄλεθρον,","translation":"nor one of the Argives, but that we two might emerge from destruction,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l99.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μήτέ","lemma":"μήτε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"Ἀργείων","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of the Argives"},{"surface":"νῶϊν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐκδῦμεν","gloss":"we two"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐκδῦμεν","lemma":"ἐκδύω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"might escape","note":"The aorist optative continues Achilles' wish that he and Patroclus alone might escape destruction."},{"surface":"ὄλεθρον","lemma":"ὄλεθρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκδῦμεν","gloss":"destruction"}]},{"number":100,"label":"100","id":"b16-l100","source":"ὄφρʼ οἶοι Τροίης ἱερὰ κρήδεμνα λύωμεν.","translation":"so that we alone might loosen Troy's sacred veil.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l100.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Τροίης ἱερὰ κρήδεμνα","title":"The city's sacred headband","body":"κρήδεμνα are a woman's head-covering or veil, transferred here to Troy's walls and defenses. Achilles imagines the two friends stripping away the city's sacred crown together."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"οἶοι","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"Τροίης","lemma":"Τροία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies κρήδεμνα","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"ἱερὰ","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κρήδεμνα","gloss":"sacred"},{"surface":"κρήδεμνα","lemma":"κρήδεμνον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of λύωμεν","gloss":"veil"},{"surface":"λύωμεν","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφῤ","gloss":"loose"}]},{"number":101,"label":"101","id":"b16-l101","source":"ὣς οἳ μὲν τοιαῦτα πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἀγόρευον,","translation":"So they spoke such words to one another,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l101.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγόρευον","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀγόρευον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοιαῦτα","lemma":"τοιοῦτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀγόρευον","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to one another"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλους","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"ἀγόρευον","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":102,"label":"102","id":"b16-l102","source":"Αἴας δʼ οὐκ ἔτʼ ἔμιμνε· βιάζετο γὰρ βελέεσσι·","translation":"but Ajax could hold no longer, for he was overpowered by missiles;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l102.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔμιμνε","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔμιμνε","gloss":"longer"},{"surface":"ἔμιμνε","lemma":"μίμνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held his place"},{"surface":"βιάζετο","lemma":"βιάζω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"overpowered"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"βελέεσσι","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of βιάζετο","gloss":"missiles"}]},{"number":103,"label":"103","id":"b16-l103","source":"δάμνα μιν Ζηνός τε νόος καὶ Τρῶες ἀγαυοὶ","translation":"the will of Zeus and the proud Trojans wore him down","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l103.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δάμνα","lemma":"δαμνάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wore down"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δάμνα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"Ζηνός","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies νόος","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νόος","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ἀγαυοὶ","lemma":"ἀγαυός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρῶες","gloss":"noble"}]},{"number":104,"label":"104","id":"b16-l104","source":"βάλλοντες· δεινὴν δὲ περὶ κροτάφοισι φαεινὴ","translation":"with their blows; about his temples the bright helmet rang","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l104.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"περὶ κροτάφοισι","title":"The helmet under fire","body":"The Greek locates the din around Ajax's temples: Trojan missiles keep striking the helmet and its cheek-pieces. The detail makes his retreat a bodily ordeal rather than a sudden failure of courage."}],"words":[{"surface":"βάλλοντες","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifies Τρῶες","gloss":"striking"},{"surface":"δεινὴν","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies καναχὴν","gloss":"dreadful"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"κροτάφοισι","lemma":"κρόταφος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"temples"},{"surface":"φαεινὴ","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πήληξ","gloss":"bright"}]},{"number":105,"label":"105","id":"b16-l105","source":"πήληξ βαλλομένη καναχὴν ἔχε, βάλλετο δʼ αἰεὶ","translation":"dreadfully as it was struck, and blow after blow fell","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l105.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πήληξ","lemma":"πήληξ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔχε","gloss":"helmet"},{"surface":"βαλλομένη","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἔχε","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"καναχὴν","lemma":"καναχή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχε","gloss":"clanging"},{"surface":"ἔχε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rang"},{"surface":"βάλλετο","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was struck"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βάλλετο","gloss":"always"}]},{"number":106,"label":"106","id":"b16-l106","source":"κὰπ φάλαρʼ εὐποίηθʼ· ὃ δʼ ἀριστερὸν ὦμον ἔκαμνεν","translation":"upon its well-made cheek-pieces; his left shoulder tired","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l106.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κὰπ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"φάλαρ","lemma":"φάλαρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κὰπ","gloss":"cheek-pieces"},{"surface":"εὐποίηθ","lemma":"εὐποίητος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies φάλαῤ","gloss":"well-made"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔκαμνεν","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀριστερὸν","lemma":"ἀριστερός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὦμον","gloss":"the left"},{"surface":"ὦμον","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔκαμνεν","gloss":"shoulder"},{"surface":"ἔκαμνεν","lemma":"κάμνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tired"}]},{"number":107,"label":"107","id":"b16-l107","source":"ἔμπεδον αἰὲν ἔχων σάκος αἰόλον· οὐδὲ δύναντο","translation":"from holding his flashing shield forever firm, yet they could not","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l107.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔμπεδον","lemma":"ἔμπεδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔχων","gloss":"firm"},{"surface":"αἰὲν","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχων","gloss":"forever"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔκαμνεν","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"σάκος","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχων","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"αἰόλον","lemma":"αἰόλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σάκος","gloss":"glittering"},{"surface":"δύναντο","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"could"}]},{"number":108,"label":"108","id":"b16-l108","source":"ἀμφʼ αὐτῷ πελεμίξαι ἐρείδοντες βελέεσσιν.","translation":"shake it from around him, though they pressed him with missiles.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l108.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀμφ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"πελεμίξαι","lemma":"πελεμίζω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δύναντο","gloss":"shake"},{"surface":"ἐρείδοντες","lemma":"ἐρείδω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to δύναντο","gloss":"pressing"},{"surface":"βελέεσσιν","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐρείδοντες","gloss":"missiles"}]},{"number":109,"label":"109","id":"b16-l109","source":"αἰεὶ δʼ ἀργαλέῳ ἔχετʼ ἄσθματι, κὰδ δέ οἱ ἱδρὼς","translation":"Always he labored for breath, and heavy sweat streamed","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l109.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχετ̓","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀργαλέῳ","lemma":"ἀργαλέος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄσθματι","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"ἔχετ","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"labored"},{"surface":"ἄσθματι","lemma":"ἆσθμα","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχετ̓","gloss":"for breath"},{"surface":"κὰδ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies μελέων","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἱδρὼς","lemma":"ἱδρώς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔρρεεν","gloss":"sweat"}]},{"number":110,"label":"110","id":"b16-l110","source":"πάντοθεν ἐκ μελέων πολὺς ἔρρεεν, οὐδέ πῃ εἶχεν","translation":"from every limb; nowhere could he find a way","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l110.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντοθεν","lemma":"πάντοθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔρρεεν","gloss":"from every side"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"μελέων","lemma":"μέλος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"limbs"},{"surface":"πολὺς","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἱδρὼς","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"ἔρρεεν","lemma":"ῥέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flowed"},{"surface":"πῃ","lemma":"πη","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"any way"},{"surface":"εἶχεν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"could"}]},{"number":111,"label":"111","id":"b16-l111","source":"ἀμπνεῦσαι· πάντῃ δὲ κακὸν κακῷ ἐστήρικτο.","translation":"to breathe, for on every side evil was heaped on evil.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l111.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμπνεῦσαι","lemma":"ἀναπνέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of εἶχεν","gloss":"to breathe"},{"surface":"πάντῃ","lemma":"πάντῃ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐστήρικτο","gloss":"on every side"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"subject of ἐστήρικτο","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"κακῷ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐστήρικτο","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"ἐστήρικτο","lemma":"στηρίζω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was heaped"}]},{"number":112,"label":"112","id":"b16-l112","source":"ἔσπετε νῦν μοι Μοῦσαι Ὀλύμπια δώματʼ ἔχουσαι,","translation":"Tell me now, Muses, who hold your homes on Olympus —","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l112.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσπετε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσπετε","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔσπετε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"Μοῦσαι","lemma":"Μοῦσα","morphology":"vocative plural feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Muses"},{"surface":"Ὀλύμπια","lemma":"Ὀλύμπιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δώματ̓","gloss":"on Olympus"},{"surface":"δώματ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχουσαι","gloss":"homes"},{"surface":"ἔχουσαι","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, vocative plural feminine","role":"modifies Μοῦσαι","gloss":"who hold"}]},{"number":113,"label":"113","id":"b16-l113","source":"ὅππως δὴ πρῶτον πῦρ ἔμπεσε νηυσὶν Ἀχαιῶν.","translation":"how fire first fell upon the ships of the Achaeans.","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l113.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅππως","lemma":"ὅπως","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πρῶτον","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter superlative adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔμπεσε","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"πῦρ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔμπεσε","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"ἔμπεσε","lemma":"ἐμπίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ὅππως","gloss":"fell upon"},{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔμπεσε","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":114,"label":"114","id":"b16-l114","source":"Ἕκτωρ Αἴαντος δόρυ μείλινον ἄγχι παραστὰς","translation":"Hector came close and struck Ajax's ash-wood spear","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l114.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πλῆξ̓","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"Αἴαντος","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δόρυ","gloss":"Ajax's"},{"surface":"δόρυ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of πλῆξ̓","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"μείλινον","lemma":"μέλινος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δόρυ","gloss":"ash-wood"},{"surface":"ἄγχι","lemma":"ἄγχι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παραστὰς","gloss":"close"},{"surface":"παραστὰς","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πλῆξ̓","gloss":"standing beside"}]},{"number":115,"label":"115","id":"b16-l115","source":"πλῆξʼ ἄορι μεγάλῳ αἰχμῆς παρὰ καυλὸν ὄπισθεν,","translation":"with his great sword, behind the point at the end of the socket,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l115.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πλῆξ","lemma":"πλήσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ἄορι","lemma":"ἄορ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to πλῆξ̓","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"μεγάλῳ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄορι","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"αἰχμῆς","lemma":"αἰχμή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies καυλὸν","gloss":"point"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"καυλὸν","lemma":"καυλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"shaft"},{"surface":"ὄπισθεν","lemma":"ὄπισθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πλῆξ̓","gloss":"behind"}]},{"number":116,"label":"116","id":"b16-l116","source":"ἀντικρὺ δʼ ἀπάραξε· τὸ μὲν Τελαμώνιος Αἴας","translation":"and sheared it clean away. Then Telamonian Ajax","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l116.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀντικρὺ","lemma":"ἀντικρύ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπάραξε","gloss":"straight through"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπάραξε","lemma":"ἀπαράσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sheared away"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter article","role":"modifies δόρυ","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Τελαμώνιος","lemma":"Τελαμών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"Telamonian"},{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πῆλ̓","gloss":"Ajax"}]},{"number":117,"label":"117","id":"b16-l117","source":"πῆλʼ αὔτως ἐν χειρὶ κόλον δόρυ, τῆλε δʼ ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ","translation":"brandished a headless spear uselessly in his hand, while far from him","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l117.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πῆλ","lemma":"πάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brandished"},{"surface":"αὔτως","lemma":"αὔτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πῆλ̓","gloss":"uselessly"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χειρὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"κόλον","lemma":"κόλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δόρυ","gloss":"stunted"},{"surface":"δόρυ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of πῆλ̓","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"τῆλε","lemma":"τῆλε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πεσοῦσα","gloss":"far off"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀπ̓","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":118,"label":"118","id":"b16-l118","source":"αἰχμὴ χαλκείη χαμάδις βόμβησε πεσοῦσα.","translation":"the bronze point fell to the ground with a ringing hum.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l118.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰχμὴ","lemma":"αἰχμή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of βόμβησε","gloss":"point"},{"surface":"χαλκείη","lemma":"χάλκειος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἰχμὴ","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"χαμάδις","lemma":"χαμάδις","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of πεσοῦσα","gloss":"to the ground"},{"surface":"βόμβησε","lemma":"βομβέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"clanged"},{"surface":"πεσοῦσα","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to βόμβησε","gloss":"fell"}]},{"number":119,"label":"119","id":"b16-l119","source":"γνῶ δʼ Αἴας κατὰ θυμὸν ἀμύμονα ῥίγησέν τε","translation":"Ajax knew in his noble heart and shuddered at","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l119.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γνῶ","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of γνῶ","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"his heart"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἀμύμονα","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμὸν","gloss":"blameless"},{"surface":"ῥίγησέν","lemma":"ῥιγέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shuddered"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":120,"label":"120","id":"b16-l120","source":"ἔργα θεῶν, ὅ ῥα πάγχυ μάχης ἐπὶ μήδεα κεῖρε","translation":"the work of the gods: Zeus had utterly cut short his plans for battle,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l120.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πάγχυ","lemma":"πάγχυ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κεῖρε","gloss":"utterly"},{"surface":"μάχης","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies μήδεα","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μήδεα","lemma":"μῆδος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of κεῖρε","gloss":"plans"},{"surface":"κεῖρε","lemma":"κείρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"cut short"}]},{"number":121,"label":"121","id":"b16-l121","source":"Ζεὺς ὑψιβρεμέτης, Τρώεσσι δὲ βούλετο νίκην·","translation":"Zeus who thunders on high, and willed victory for the Trojans.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l121.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κεῖρε","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ὑψιβρεμέτης","lemma":"ὑψιβρεμέτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεὺς","gloss":"high-thundering"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of βούλετο","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βούλετο","lemma":"βούλομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"wished"},{"surface":"νίκην","lemma":"νίκη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of βούλετο","gloss":"victory"}]},{"number":122,"label":"122","id":"b16-l122","source":"χάζετο δʼ ἐκ βελέων. τοὶ δʼ ἔμβαλον ἀκάματον πῦρ","translation":"Ajax withdrew beyond the missiles. Then they cast untiring fire","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l122.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χάζετο","lemma":"χάζω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"withdrew"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beyond"},{"surface":"βελέων","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"missiles"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔμβαλον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔμβαλον","lemma":"ἐμβάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"ἀκάματον","lemma":"ἀκάματος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πῦρ","gloss":"tireless"},{"surface":"πῦρ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔμβαλον","gloss":"fire"}]},{"number":123,"label":"123","id":"b16-l123","source":"νηῒ θοῇ· τῆς δʼ αἶψα κατʼ ἀσβέστη κέχυτο φλόξ.","translation":"upon the swift ship, and at once an unquenchable flame streamed over it.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l123.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηῒ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔμβαλον","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"θοῇ","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῒ","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"τῆς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of κατ̓","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κέχυτο","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ἀσβέστη","lemma":"ἄσβεστος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies φλόξ","gloss":"unquenchable"},{"surface":"κέχυτο","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured"},{"surface":"φλόξ","lemma":"φλόξ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of κέχυτο","gloss":"flame"}]},{"number":124,"label":"124","id":"b16-l124","source":"ὣς τὴν μὲν πρυμνὴν πῦρ ἄμφεπεν· αὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς","translation":"So fire engulfed the stern; but Achilles","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l124.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄμφεπεν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine article","role":"modifies πρυμνὴν","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πρυμνὴν","lemma":"πρυμνός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"object of ἄμφεπεν","gloss":"stern"},{"surface":"πῦρ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἄμφεπεν","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"ἄμφεπεν","lemma":"ἀμφιέπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"engulfed"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπεν","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":125,"label":"125","id":"b16-l125","source":"μηρὼ πληξάμενος Πατροκλῆα προσέειπεν·","translation":"struck both thighs with his hands and called to Patroclus:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l125.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μηρὼ","lemma":"μηρός","morphology":"accusative dual masculine noun","role":"object of πληξάμενος","gloss":"thighs"},{"surface":"πληξάμενος","lemma":"πλήσσω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέειπεν","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"Πατροκλῆα","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσέειπεν","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"προσέειπεν","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":126,"label":"126","id":"b16-l126","source":"ὄρσεο διογενὲς Πατρόκλεες ἱπποκέλευθε·","translation":"Up, Patroclus, sprung from Zeus, driver of horses!","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l126.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἱπποκέλευθε","title":"Patroclus the horseman","body":"Achilles addresses Patroclus with a chariot-warrior's title. It anticipates the team and driver that will carry him into battle, while “sprung from Zeus” preserves his separate standing honorific."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὄρσεο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rise"},{"surface":"διογενὲς","lemma":"διογενής","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πατρόκλεες","gloss":"sprung from Zeus"},{"surface":"Πατρόκλεες","lemma":"πάτροκλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"ἱπποκέλευθε","lemma":"ἱπποκέλευθος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πατρόκλεες","gloss":"horse-driving"}]},{"number":127,"label":"127","id":"b16-l127","source":"λεύσσω δὴ παρὰ νηυσὶ πυρὸς δηΐοιο ἰωήν·","translation":"I see beside the ships the rush of devouring fire.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l127.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λεύσσω","lemma":"λεύσσω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I see"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"πυρὸς","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ἰωήν","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"δηΐοιο","lemma":"δάιος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πυρὸς","gloss":"consuming"},{"surface":"ἰωήν","lemma":"ἰωή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of λεύσσω","gloss":"rush"}]},{"number":128,"label":"128","id":"b16-l128","source":"μὴ δὴ νῆας ἕλωσι καὶ οὐκέτι φυκτὰ πέλωνται·","translation":"They must not seize the ships and leave us no escape.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l128.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἕλωσι","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἕλωσι","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seize"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐκέτι","lemma":"οὐκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πέλωνται","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"φυκτὰ","lemma":"φυκτός","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of πέλωνται","gloss":"escape","note":"Predicate adjective: if the ships fall, no escape remains possible."},{"surface":"πέλωνται","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"remain"}]},{"number":129,"label":"129","id":"b16-l129","source":"δύσεο τεύχεα θᾶσσον, ἐγὼ δέ κε λαὸν ἀγείρω.","translation":"Put on the armor quickly, while I gather the men.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l129.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δύσεο","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put on"},{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δύσεο","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"θᾶσσον","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"adverbial to δύσεο","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀγείρω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"λαὸν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀγείρω","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἀγείρω","lemma":"ἀγείρω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gather"}]},{"number":130,"label":"130","id":"b16-l130","source":"ὣς φάτο, Πάτροκλος δὲ κορύσσετο νώροπι χαλκῷ.","translation":"So he spoke, and Patroclus armed himself in flashing bronze.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l130.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"Πάτροκλος","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κορύσσετο","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κορύσσετο","lemma":"κορύσσω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"armed"},{"surface":"νώροπι","lemma":"νῶροψ","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκῷ","gloss":"flashing"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κορύσσετο","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":131,"label":"131","id":"b16-l131","source":"κνημῖδας μὲν πρῶτα περὶ κνήμῃσιν ἔθηκε","translation":"First he set greaves about his shins,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l131.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κνημῖδας","lemma":"κνημίς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔθηκε","gloss":"greaves"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"πρῶτα","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔθηκε","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"κνήμῃσιν","lemma":"κνήμη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"shins"},{"surface":"ἔθηκε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"}]},{"number":132,"label":"132","id":"b16-l132","source":"καλάς, ἀργυρέοισιν ἐπισφυρίοις ἀραρυίας·","translation":"fine ones, fitted with silver ankle-pieces;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l132.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καλάς","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"ἀργυρέοισιν","lemma":"ἀργύρεος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἐπισφυρίοις","gloss":"silver"},{"surface":"ἐπισφυρίοις","lemma":"ἐπισφύρια","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀραρυίας","gloss":"ankle-pieces"},{"surface":"ἀραρυίας","lemma":"ἀραρίσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"fitted"}]},{"number":133,"label":"133","id":"b16-l133","source":"δεύτερον αὖ θώρηκα περὶ στήθεσσιν ἔδυνε","translation":"next he put the corselet about his chest,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l133.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεύτερον","lemma":"δεύτερος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔδυνε","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"θώρηκα","lemma":"θώραξ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔδυνε","gloss":"corselet"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"στήθεσσιν","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"ἔδυνε","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put on"}]},{"number":134,"label":"134","id":"b16-l134","source":"ποικίλον ἀστερόεντα ποδώκεος Αἰακίδαο.","translation":"richly wrought and starry, belonging to the swift-footed son of Aeacus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l134.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ποικίλον","lemma":"ποικίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θώρηκα","gloss":"richly wrought"},{"surface":"ἀστερόεντα","lemma":"ἀστερόεις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θώρηκα","gloss":"starry"},{"surface":"ποδώκεος","lemma":"ποδώκης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἰακίδαο","gloss":"swift-footed"},{"surface":"Αἰακίδαο","lemma":"Αἰακίδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θώρηκα","gloss":"son of Aeacus"}]},{"number":135,"label":"135","id":"b16-l135","source":"ἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρʼ ὤμοισιν βάλετο ξίφος ἀργυρόηλον","translation":"And about his shoulders he slung his silver-studded sword;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l135.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὤμοισιν","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφὶ","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"βάλετο","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slung"},{"surface":"ξίφος","lemma":"ξίφος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of βάλετο","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"ἀργυρόηλον","lemma":"ἀργυρόηλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ξίφος","gloss":"silver-studded"}]},{"number":136,"label":"136","id":"b16-l136","source":"χάλκεον, αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα σάκος μέγα τε στιβαρόν τε·","translation":"of bronze, and then his shield, great and heavy;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l136.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χάλκεον","lemma":"χάλκεος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ξίφος","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"σάκος","lemma":"σάκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στιβαρόν","lemma":"στιβαρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"sturdy"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":137,"label":"137","id":"b16-l137","source":"κρατὶ δʼ ἐπʼ ἰφθίμῳ κυνέην εὔτυκτον ἔθηκεν","translation":"and upon his strong head he set a well-made helmet","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l137.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κρατὶ","lemma":"κράς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ἰφθίμῳ","lemma":"ἴφθιμος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κρατὶ","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"κυνέην","lemma":"κυνέη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of 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word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λόφος","lemma":"λόφος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔνευεν","gloss":"plume"},{"surface":"καθύπερθεν","lemma":"καθύπερθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔνευεν","gloss":"above it"},{"surface":"ἔνευεν","lemma":"νεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"nodded"}]},{"number":139,"label":"139","id":"b16-l139","source":"εἵλετο δʼ ἄλκιμα δοῦρε, τά οἱ παλάμηφιν ἀρήρει.","translation":"and he took two mighty spears that fitted his hands.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l139.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἵλετο","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλκιμα","lemma":"ἄλκιμος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δοῦρε","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"δοῦρε","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative dual neuter noun","role":"object of εἵλετο","gloss":"spears"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἀρήρει","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies παλάμηφιν","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"παλάμηφιν","lemma":"παλάμη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀρήρει","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἀρήρει","lemma":"ἀραρίσκω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δοῦρε","gloss":"fitted"}]},{"number":140,"label":"140","id":"b16-l140","source":"ἔγχος δʼ οὐχ ἕλετʼ οἶον ἀμύμονος Αἰακίδαο","translation":"Only the spear of the blameless son of Aeacus he did not take,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l140.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἕλετ̓","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐχ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἕλετ","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"take"},{"surface":"οἶον","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"ἀμύμονος","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἰακίδαο","gloss":"blameless"},{"surface":"Αἰακίδαο","lemma":"Αἰακίδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"son of Aeacus"}]},{"number":141,"label":"141","id":"b16-l141","source":"βριθὺ μέγα στιβαρόν· τὸ μὲν οὐ δύνατʼ ἄλλος Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"heavy, great, and stout; no other Achaean could","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l141.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βριθὺ","lemma":"βριθύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"στιβαρόν","lemma":"στιβαρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"sturdy"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of πάλλειν","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δύνατ","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of δύνατ̓","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄλλος","gloss":"Achaean"}]},{"number":142,"label":"142","id":"b16-l142","source":"πάλλειν, ἀλλά μιν οἶος ἐπίστατο πῆλαι Ἀχιλλεὺς","translation":"brandish it, but Achilles alone knew how to wield it—","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l142.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάλλειν","lemma":"πάλλω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of δύνατ̓","gloss":"to brandish"},{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"οἶος","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"ἐπίστατο","lemma":"ἐπίσταμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"πῆλαι","lemma":"πάλλω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἐπίστατο","gloss":"wield"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπίστατο","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":143,"label":"143","id":"b16-l143","source":"Πηλιάδα μελίην, τὴν πατρὶ φίλῳ πόρε Χείρων","translation":"the Pelian ash spear that Chiron gave his dear father","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l143.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πηλιάδα","lemma":"Πηλιακός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies μελίην","gloss":"Pelian"},{"surface":"μελίην","lemma":"μελία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"ash spear"},{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of πόρε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"πατρὶ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πόρε","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"φίλῳ","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατρὶ","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"πόρε","lemma":"πόρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing μελίην","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"Χείρων","lemma":"Χείρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πόρε","gloss":"Chiron"}]},{"number":144,"label":"144","id":"b16-l144","source":"Πηλίου ἐκ κορυφῆς, φόνον ἔμμεναι ἡρώεσσιν.","translation":"from Pelion's summit, to bring death to heroes.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l144.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πηλίου","lemma":"Πήλιον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies κορυφῆς","gloss":"Pelion"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"κορυφῆς","lemma":"κορυφή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"peak"},{"surface":"φόνον","lemma":"φόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to πόρε","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"ἡρώεσσιν","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies φόνον","gloss":"heroes"}]},{"number":145,"label":"145","id":"b16-l145","source":"ἵππους δʼ Αὐτομέδοντα θοῶς ζευγνῦμεν ἄνωγε,","translation":"Patroclus ordered Automedon swiftly to yoke the horses,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l145.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ζευγνῦμεν","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Αὐτομέδοντα","lemma":"Αὐτομέδων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ζευγνῦμεν","gloss":"Automedon"},{"surface":"θοῶς","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ζευγνῦμεν","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"ζευγνῦμεν","lemma":"ζεύγνυμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἄνωγε","gloss":"to yoke"},{"surface":"ἄνωγε","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ordered"}]},{"number":146,"label":"146","id":"b16-l146","source":"τὸν μετʼ Ἀχιλλῆα ῥηξήνορα τῖε μάλιστα,","translation":"the man he honored most after Achilles, breaker of men,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l146.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τῖε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλῆα","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μετ̓","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"ῥηξήνορα","lemma":"ῥηξήνωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλῆα","gloss":"man-breaking"},{"surface":"τῖε","lemma":"τίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δέ","gloss":"honored"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"superlative adverb","role":"adverbial to τῖε","gloss":"most"}]},{"number":147,"label":"147","id":"b16-l147","source":"πιστότατος δέ οἱ ἔσκε μάχῃ ἔνι μεῖναι ὁμοκλήν.","translation":"and trusted most to stand firm at his battle-call.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l147.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πιστότατος","lemma":"πιστός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"trusted"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔσκε","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἔσκε","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δέ","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"μάχῃ","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔνι","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"ἔνι","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεῖναι","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to πιστότατος","gloss":"to stand firm"},{"surface":"ὁμοκλήν","lemma":"ὁμοκλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of μεῖναι","gloss":"battle-call"}]},{"number":148,"label":"148","id":"b16-l148","source":"τῷ δὲ καὶ Αὐτομέδων ὕπαγε ζυγὸν ὠκέας ἵππους","translation":"For him Automedon brought the swift horses beneath the yoke,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l148.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ὕπαγε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to Αὐτομέδων","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Αὐτομέδων","lemma":"Αὐτομέδων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὕπαγε","gloss":"Automedon"},{"surface":"ὕπαγε","lemma":"ὑπάγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brought under"},{"surface":"ζυγὸν","lemma":"ζυγόν","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὕπαγε","gloss":"yoke"},{"surface":"ὠκέας","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":149,"label":"149","id":"b16-l149","source":"Ξάνθον καὶ Βαλίον, τὼ ἅμα πνοιῇσι πετέσθην,","translation":"Xanthus and Balius, who flew abreast with the winds,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l149.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ξάνθον","lemma":"Ξάνθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Xanthus"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Βαλίον","lemma":"Βαλίος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Balius"},{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πετέσθην","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"πνοιῇσι","lemma":"πνοή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἅμα","gloss":"blasts"},{"surface":"πετέσθην","lemma":"πέτομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"flew"}]},{"number":150,"label":"150","id":"b16-l150","source":"τοὺς ἔτεκε Ζεφύρῳ ἀνέμῳ Ἅρπυια Ποδάργη","translation":"whom the Harpy Podarge bore to the West Wind","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l150.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔτεκε","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ἔτεκε","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"Ζεφύρῳ","lemma":"ζέφυρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνέμῳ","gloss":"west wind"},{"surface":"ἀνέμῳ","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔτεκε","gloss":"wind"},{"surface":"Ἅρπυια","lemma":"Ἅρπυιαι","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ποδάργη","gloss":"Harpy","note":"The Harpy Podarge is the horses’ divine mother."},{"surface":"Ποδάργη","lemma":"Ποδάργη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔτεκε","gloss":"Podarge"}]},{"number":151,"label":"151","id":"b16-l151","source":"βοσκομένη λειμῶνι παρὰ ῥόον Ὠκεανοῖο.","translation":"as she grazed in a meadow beside the stream of Oceanus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l151.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βοσκομένη","lemma":"βόσκω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἔτεκε","gloss":"feeding"},{"surface":"λειμῶνι","lemma":"λειμών","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to βοσκομένη","gloss":"meadow"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"ῥόον","lemma":"ῥόος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"stream"},{"surface":"Ὠκεανοῖο","lemma":"Ὠκεανός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ῥόον","gloss":"Oceanus"}]},{"number":152,"label":"152","id":"b16-l152","source":"ἐν δὲ παρηορίῃσιν ἀμύμονα Πήδασον ἵει,","translation":"In the side traces he set blameless Pedasus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l152.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παρηορίῃσιν","lemma":"παρηορία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"side traces"},{"surface":"ἀμύμονα","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πήδασον","gloss":"blameless"},{"surface":"Πήδασον","lemma":"Πήδασος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἵει","gloss":"Pedasus"},{"surface":"ἵει","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"}]},{"number":153,"label":"153","id":"b16-l153","source":"τόν ῥά ποτʼ Ἠετίωνος ἑλὼν πόλιν ἤγαγʼ Ἀχιλλεύς,","translation":"whom Achilles once took when he captured Eetion's city,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l153.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἤγαγ̓","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to πόλιν","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"Ἠετίωνος","lemma":"Ἠετίων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πόλιν","gloss":"of Eetion"},{"surface":"ἑλὼν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤγαγ̓","gloss":"captured"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἑλὼν","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"ἤγαγ","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"led away"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤγαγ̓","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":154,"label":"154","id":"b16-l154","source":"ὃς καὶ θνητὸς ἐὼν ἕπεθʼ ἵπποις ἀθανάτοισι.","translation":"and though he was mortal, he kept pace with the immortal horses.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l154.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕπεθ̓","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐὼν","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θνητὸς","lemma":"θνητός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"mortal"},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕπεθ̓","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ἕπεθ","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"kept pace"},{"surface":"ἵπποις","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἕπεθ̓","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵπποις","gloss":"immortal"}]},{"number":155,"label":"155","id":"b16-l155","source":"Μυρμιδόνας δʼ ἄρʼ ἐποιχόμενος θώρηξεν Ἀχιλλεὺς","translation":"Meanwhile Achilles went among the huts and armed the Myrmidons,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l155.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μυρμιδόνας","lemma":"Μυρμιδόνες","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of θώρηξεν","gloss":"Myrmidons"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"ἐποιχόμενος","lemma":"ἐποίχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to θώρηξεν","gloss":"ranging"},{"surface":"θώρηξεν","lemma":"θωρήσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"armed"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θώρηξεν","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":156,"label":"156","id":"b16-l156","source":"πάντας ἀνὰ κλισίας σὺν τεύχεσιν· οἳ δὲ λύκοι ὣς","translation":"all of them with their war gear; and like wolves","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l156.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μυρμιδόνας","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"κλισίας","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀνὰ","gloss":"hut"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"τεύχεσιν","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"war gear"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λύκοι","lemma":"λύκος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"wolves"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"}]},{"number":157,"label":"157","id":"b16-l157","source":"ὠμοφάγοι, τοῖσίν τε περὶ φρεσὶν ἄσπετος ἀλκή,","translation":"that devour raw flesh, with boundless courage in their hearts,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l157.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὠμοφάγοι","lemma":"ὠμοφάγος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies λύκοι","gloss":"raw-flesh-eating"},{"surface":"τοῖσίν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies φρεσὶν","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"hearts"},{"surface":"ἄσπετος","lemma":"ἄσπετος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλκή","gloss":"vast"},{"surface":"ἀλκή","lemma":"ἀλκή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"courage"}]},{"number":158,"label":"158","id":"b16-l158","source":"οἵ τʼ ἔλαφον κεραὸν μέγαν οὔρεσι δῃώσαντες","translation":"who have killed a great antlered stag in the mountains","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l158.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δάπτουσιν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔλαφον","lemma":"ἔλαφος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δάπτουσιν","gloss":"stag"},{"surface":"κεραὸν","lemma":"κεραός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἔλαφον","gloss":"horned"},{"surface":"μέγαν","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἔλαφον","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"οὔρεσι","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to δῃώσαντες","gloss":"mountains"},{"surface":"δῃώσαντες","lemma":"δηιόω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to δάπτουσιν","gloss":"having killed"}]},{"number":159,"label":"159","id":"b16-l159","source":"δάπτουσιν· πᾶσιν δὲ παρήϊον αἵματι φοινόν·","translation":"and tear it apart, the cheeks of all made red with blood;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l159.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δάπτουσιν","lemma":"δάπτω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τ̓","gloss":"tear apart"},{"surface":"πᾶσιν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies παρήϊον","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παρήϊον","lemma":"παρήιον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"cheeks"},{"surface":"αἵματι","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to φοινόν","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"φοινόν","lemma":"φοινός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"blood-red"}]},{"number":160,"label":"160","id":"b16-l160","source":"καί τʼ ἀγεληδὸν ἴασιν ἀπὸ κρήνης μελανύδρου","translation":"then in a pack they go to a dark-flowing spring,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l160.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγεληδὸν","lemma":"ἀγεληδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴασιν","gloss":"in a herd"},{"surface":"ἴασιν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they go"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"κρήνης","lemma":"κρήνη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπὸ","gloss":"spring"},{"surface":"μελανύδρου","lemma":"μελάνυδρος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κρήνης","gloss":"dark-watered"}]},{"number":161,"label":"161","id":"b16-l161","source":"λάψοντες γλώσσῃσιν ἀραιῇσιν μέλαν ὕδωρ","translation":"lapping the dark water with their slender tongues,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l161.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λάψοντες","lemma":"λάπτω","morphology":"future active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἴασιν","gloss":"lap up"},{"surface":"γλώσσῃσιν","lemma":"γλῶσσα","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to λάψοντες","gloss":"tongues"},{"surface":"ἀραιῇσιν","lemma":"ἀραιός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies γλώσσῃσιν","gloss":"delicate"},{"surface":"μέλαν","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὕδωρ","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"ὕδωρ","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of λάψοντες","gloss":"water"}]},{"number":162,"label":"162","id":"b16-l162","source":"ἄκρον ἐρευγόμενοι φόνον αἵματος· ἐν δέ τε θυμὸς","translation":"belching up the gore of blood; and the heart within them","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l162.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"φόνον αἵματος","title":"The wolves after slaughter","body":"The image does not soften the wolves' feeding: blood and slaughter still rise from them as they drink. That physical excess prepares for the Myrmidons' own pent-up violence."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἄκρον","lemma":"ἄκρος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὕδωρ","gloss":"at the surface"},{"surface":"ἐρευγόμενοι","lemma":"ἐρεύγομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἴασιν","gloss":"belch forth"},{"surface":"φόνον","lemma":"φόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐρευγόμενοι","gloss":"gore"},{"surface":"αἵματος","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies φόνον","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐστι","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":163,"label":"163","id":"b16-l163","source":"στήθεσιν ἄτρομός ἐστι, περιστένεται δέ τε γαστήρ·","translation":"is fearless in their breasts, while their bellies groan with fullness—","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l163.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στήθεσιν","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐν","gloss":"breasts"},{"surface":"ἄτρομός","lemma":"ἄτρομος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"fearless"},{"surface":"ἐστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"περιστένεται","lemma":"περιστένω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"groans with fullness"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γαστήρ","lemma":"γαστήρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of περιστένεται","gloss":"belly"}]},{"number":164,"label":"164","id":"b16-l164","source":"τοῖοι Μυρμιδόνων ἡγήτορες ἠδὲ μέδοντες","translation":"so the leaders and rulers of the Myrmidons","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l164.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖοι","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"Μυρμιδόνων","lemma":"Μυρμιδόνες","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"of the Myrmidons"},{"surface":"ἡγήτορες","lemma":"ἡγήτωρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠδὲ","gloss":"leaders"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέδοντες","lemma":"μέδων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠδὲ","gloss":"rulers"}]},{"number":165,"label":"165","id":"b16-l165","source":"ἀμφʼ ἀγαθὸν θεράποντα ποδώκεος Αἰακίδαο","translation":"surged around the good attendant of the swift-footed son of Aeacus;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l165.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὸν","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεράποντα","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"θεράποντα","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφ̓","gloss":"attendant"},{"surface":"ποδώκεος","lemma":"ποδώκης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἰακίδαο","gloss":"swift-footed"},{"surface":"Αἰακίδαο","lemma":"Αἰακίδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θεράποντα","gloss":"son of Aeacus"}]},{"number":166,"label":"166","id":"b16-l166","source":"ῥώοντʼ· ἐν δʼ ἄρα τοῖσιν ἀρήϊος ἵστατʼ Ἀχιλλεύς,","translation":"and among them stood warlike Achilles,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l166.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥώοντ","lemma":"ῥώομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"surged"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ἀρήϊος","lemma":"ἄρειος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"warlike"},{"surface":"ἵστατ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἵστατ̓","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":167,"label":"167","id":"b16-l167","source":"ὀτρύνων ἵππους τε καὶ ἀνέρας ἀσπιδιώτας.","translation":"urging on both the horses and the shield-bearing men.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l167.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀτρύνων","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἵστατ̓","gloss":"urging"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνέρας","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἀσπιδιώτας","lemma":"ἀσπιδιώτης","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνέρας","gloss":"shield-bearing"}]},{"number":168,"label":"168","id":"b16-l168","source":"πεντήκοντʼ ἦσαν νῆες θοαί, ᾗσιν Ἀχιλλεὺς","translation":"There were fifty swift ships in which Achilles,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l168.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πεντήκοντ","lemma":"πεντήκοντα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"fifty"},{"surface":"ἦσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main 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noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"ἡγεῖτο","lemma":"ἡγέομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing νῆες","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"Διῒ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to φίλος","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεὺς","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑκάστῃ","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":170,"label":"170","id":"b16-l170","source":"πεντήκοντʼ ἔσαν ἄνδρες ἐπὶ κληῗσιν ἑταῖροι·","translation":"were fifty companions at the oarlocks.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l170.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πεντήκοντ","lemma":"πεντήκοντα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ἄνδρες","gloss":"fifty"},{"surface":"ἔσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"ἄνδρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔσαν","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"κληῗσιν","lemma":"κλείς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"oarlocks"},{"surface":"ἑταῖροι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":171,"label":"171","id":"b16-l171","source":"πέντε δʼ ἄρʼ ἡγεμόνας ποιήσατο τοῖς ἐπεποίθει","translation":"He had made five commanders whom he trusted","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l171.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πέντε","lemma":"πέντε","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ἡγεμόνας","gloss":"five"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἡγεμόνας","lemma":"ἡγεμών","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ποιήσατο","gloss":"leaders"},{"surface":"ποιήσατο","lemma":"ποιέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had made"},{"surface":"τοῖς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπεποίθει","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ἐπεποίθει","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἡγεμόνας","gloss":"trusted"}]},{"number":172,"label":"172","id":"b16-l172","source":"σημαίνειν· αὐτὸς δὲ μέγα κρατέων ἤνασσε.","translation":"to give orders, while he himself ruled supreme over all.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l172.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σημαίνειν","lemma":"σημαίνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐπεποίθει","gloss":"to command"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to κρατέων","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"κρατέων","lemma":"κρατέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤνασσε","gloss":"hold sway"},{"surface":"ἤνασσε","lemma":"ἀνάσσω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ruled"}]},{"number":173,"label":"173","id":"b16-l173","source":"τῆς μὲν ἰῆς στιχὸς ἦρχε Μενέσθιος αἰολοθώρηξ","translation":"The first company was led by Menesthius of the flashing corselet,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l173.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῆς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine article","role":"modifies στιχὸς","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ἰῆς","lemma":"εἷς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies στιχὸς","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"στιχὸς","lemma":"στίξ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἦρχε","gloss":"company"},{"surface":"ἦρχε","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"Μενέσθιος","lemma":"Μενέσθιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Menesthius"},{"surface":"αἰολοθώρηξ","lemma":"αἰολοθώρηξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Μενέσθιος","gloss":"in flashing armor"}]},{"number":174,"label":"174","id":"b16-l174","source":"υἱὸς Σπερχειοῖο διιπετέος ποταμοῖο·","translation":"son of the heaven-fed river Spercheius.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l174.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"διιπετέος ποταμοῖο","title":"A river nourished from heaven","body":"The epithet presents the Spercheius as fed by rain descending from Zeus's sky. Homer also treats the river as a god capable of fathering Menesthius."}],"words":[{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Σπερχειοῖο","lemma":"Σπερχειός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"Spercheius"},{"surface":"διιπετέος","lemma":"Διιπετής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποταμοῖο","gloss":"Zeus-fed"},{"surface":"ποταμοῖο","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Σπερχειοῖο","gloss":"river"}]},{"number":175,"label":"175","id":"b16-l175","source":"ὃν τέκε Πηλῆος θυγάτηρ καλὴ Πολυδώρη","translation":"Beautiful Polydora, Peleus' daughter, bore him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l175.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τέκε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"τέκε","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"Πηλῆος","lemma":"Πηλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θυγάτηρ","gloss":"of Peleus"},{"surface":"θυγάτηρ","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"καλὴ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies θυγάτηρ","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"Πολυδώρη","lemma":"Πολυδώρη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Polydora"}]},{"number":176,"label":"176","id":"b16-l176","source":"Σπερχειῷ ἀκάμαντι γυνὴ θεῷ εὐνηθεῖσα,","translation":"to the tireless Spercheius, a woman bedded by a god,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l176.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Σπερχειῷ","lemma":"Σπερχειός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τέκε","gloss":"Spercheius"},{"surface":"ἀκάμαντι","lemma":"ἀκάμας","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Σπερχειῷ","gloss":"tireless"},{"surface":"γυνὴ","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"θεῷ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εὐνηθεῖσα","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"εὐνηθεῖσα","lemma":"εὐνάω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifies γυνὴ","gloss":"bedded"}]},{"number":177,"label":"177","id":"b16-l177","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπίκλησιν Βώρῳ Περιήρεος υἷι,","translation":"but by public naming he was the son of Borus, son of Perieres,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l177.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπίκλησιν","lemma":"ἐπίκλησις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by surname","note":"“By public naming” contrasts the acknowledged father with the divine begetting."},{"surface":"Βώρῳ","lemma":"βῶρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Borus"},{"surface":"Περιήρεος","lemma":"Περιήρης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἷι","gloss":"Perieres"},{"surface":"υἷι","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Βώρῳ","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":178,"label":"178","id":"b16-l178","source":"ὅς ῥʼ ἀναφανδὸν ὄπυιε πορὼν ἀπερείσια ἕδνα.","translation":"who openly married her after giving countless bride-gifts.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l178.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὄπυιε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀναφανδὸν","lemma":"ἀναφανδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄπυιε","gloss":"openly"},{"surface":"ὄπυιε","lemma":"ὀπυίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Βώρῳ","gloss":"had married"},{"surface":"πορὼν","lemma":"πόρω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὄπυιε","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"ἀπερείσια","lemma":"ἀπερείσιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἕδνα","gloss":"boundless"},{"surface":"ἕδνα","lemma":"ἕδνον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πορὼν","gloss":"bride-price"}]},{"number":179,"label":"179","id":"b16-l179","source":"τῆς δʼ ἑτέρης Εὔδωρος ἀρήϊος ἡγεμόνευε","translation":"The second company was led by warlike Eudorus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l179.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῆς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine article","role":"modifies ἑτέρης","gloss":"company"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑτέρης","lemma":"ἕτερος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"object of ἡγεμόνευε","gloss":"second"},{"surface":"Εὔδωρος","lemma":"Εὔδωρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἡγεμόνευε","gloss":"Eudorus"},{"surface":"ἀρήϊος","lemma":"ἄρειος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Εὔδωρος","gloss":"warlike"},{"surface":"ἡγεμόνευε","lemma":"ἡγεμονεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was leader"}]},{"number":180,"label":"180","id":"b16-l180","source":"παρθένιος, τὸν ἔτικτε χορῷ καλὴ Πολυμήλη","translation":"born to an unmarried girl, whom lovely Polymele, fair in the dance, bore,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l180.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παρθένιος","lemma":"παρθένιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Εὔδωρος","gloss":"born out of wedlock"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔτικτε","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ἔτικτε","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Εὔδωρος","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"χορῷ","lemma":"χορός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καλὴ","gloss":"in the dance"},{"surface":"καλὴ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Πολυμήλη","gloss":"fair"},{"surface":"Πολυμήλη","lemma":"πολυμήλη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔτικτε","gloss":"Polymele"}]},{"number":181,"label":"181","id":"b16-l181","source":"Φύλαντος θυγάτηρ· τῆς δὲ κρατὺς ἀργεϊφόντης","translation":"the daughter of Phylas; the mighty slayer of Argus","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l181.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀργεϊφόντης","title":"Hermes by his deed","body":"Homer identifies Hermes through his standing title as the killer of the many-eyed watcher Argus. The god's personal name appears a few lines later, after the audience has already recognized him."}],"words":[{"surface":"Φύλαντος","lemma":"Φύλας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θυγάτηρ","gloss":"Phylas"},{"surface":"θυγάτηρ","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Πολυμήλη","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"τῆς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἠράσατ̓","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κρατὺς","lemma":"κρατύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀργεϊφόντης","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ἀργεϊφόντης","lemma":"Ἀργειφόντης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠράσατ̓","gloss":"the slayer of Argus"}]},{"number":182,"label":"182","id":"b16-l182","source":"ἠράσατʼ, ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ἰδὼν μετὰ μελπομένῃσιν","translation":"desired her when he saw her with his eyes among the dancers","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l182.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠράσατ","lemma":"ἔραμαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"desired"},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμοῖσιν","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἰδὼν","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἠράσατ̓","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"μελπομένῃσιν","lemma":"μέλπω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"dancers"}]},{"number":183,"label":"183","id":"b16-l183","source":"ἐν χορῷ Ἀρτέμιδος χρυσηλακάτου κελαδεινῆς.","translation":"in the dance of loud-sounding Artemis of the golden arrows.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l183.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χορῷ","lemma":"χορός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"dance"},{"surface":"Ἀρτέμιδος","lemma":"Ἄρτεμις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies χορῷ","gloss":"Artemis"},{"surface":"χρυσηλακάτου","lemma":"χρυσηλάκατος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀρτέμιδος","gloss":"golden-shafted"},{"surface":"κελαδεινῆς","lemma":"κελαδεινός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀρτέμιδος","gloss":"resounding"}]},{"number":184,"label":"184","id":"b16-l184","source":"αὐτίκα δʼ εἰς ὑπερῷʼ ἀναβὰς παρελέξατο λάθρῃ","translation":"At once he went up to the upper chamber and lay beside her in secret—","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l184.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παρελέξατο","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"ὑπερῷ","lemma":"ὑπερῷον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"upper chamber"},{"surface":"ἀναβὰς","lemma":"ἀναβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to παρελέξατο","gloss":"having climbed"},{"surface":"παρελέξατο","lemma":"παραλέγω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay beside"},{"surface":"λάθρῃ","lemma":"λάθρῃ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παρελέξατο","gloss":"in secret"}]},{"number":185,"label":"185","id":"b16-l185","source":"Ἑρμείας ἀκάκητα, πόρεν δέ οἱ ἀγλαὸν υἱὸν","translation":"Hermes the kindly one—and gave her a glorious son,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l185.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἑρμείας","lemma":"Ἑρμῆς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of παρελέξατο","gloss":"Hermes"},{"surface":"ἀκάκητα","lemma":"ἀκάκητα","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἑρμείας","gloss":"gracious one"},{"surface":"πόρεν","lemma":"πόρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of πόρεν","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"ἀγλαὸν","lemma":"ἀγλαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":186,"label":"186","id":"b16-l186","source":"Εὔδωρον πέρι μὲν θείειν ταχὺν ἠδὲ μαχητήν.","translation":"Eudorus, surpassingly swift to run and a fighter.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l186.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Εὔδωρον","lemma":"Εὔδωρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Eudorus"},{"surface":"πέρι","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"surpassingly"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"θείειν","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to ταχὺν","gloss":"to run"},{"surface":"ταχὺν","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μαχητήν","lemma":"μαχητής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"fighter"}]},{"number":187,"label":"187","id":"b16-l187","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ τόν γε μογοστόκος Εἰλείθυια","translation":"But when Eileithyia, bringer of labor pains,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l187.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐξάγαγε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μογοστόκος","lemma":"μογοστόκος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Εἰλείθυια","gloss":"bringer of labor"},{"surface":"Εἰλείθυια","lemma":"Εἰλείθυια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐξάγαγε","gloss":"Eileithyia"}]},{"number":188,"label":"188","id":"b16-l188","source":"ἐξάγαγε πρὸ φόως δὲ καὶ ἠελίου ἴδεν αὐγάς,","translation":"brought him out into the light and he saw the sun's rays,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l188.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξάγαγε","lemma":"ἐξάγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"led out"},{"surface":"πρὸ","lemma":"πρό","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐξάγαγε","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"φόως","lemma":"φόως","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξάγαγε","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠελίου","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies αὐγάς","gloss":"of the sun"},{"surface":"ἴδεν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"αὐγάς","lemma":"αὐγή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἴδεν","gloss":"rays"}]},{"number":189,"label":"189","id":"b16-l189","source":"τὴν μὲν Ἐχεκλῆος κρατερὸν μένος Ἀκτορίδαο","translation":"the mighty strength of Echecles, son of Actor,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l189.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἠγάγετο","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ἐχεκλῆος","lemma":"Ἐχεκλῆος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"Echecles"},{"surface":"κρατερὸν","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἠγάγετο","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"Ἀκτορίδαο","lemma":"Ἀκτορίδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἐχεκλῆος","gloss":"son of Actor"}]},{"number":190,"label":"190","id":"b16-l190","source":"ἠγάγετο πρὸς δώματʼ, ἐπεὶ πόρε μυρία ἕδνα,","translation":"took Polymele to his house after giving countless bride-gifts,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l190.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠγάγετο","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brought"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"δώματ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"πόρε","lemma":"πόρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"μυρία","lemma":"μυρίος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἕδνα","gloss":"countless"},{"surface":"ἕδνα","lemma":"ἕδνον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πόρε","gloss":"bride-price"}]},{"number":191,"label":"191","id":"b16-l191","source":"τὸν δʼ ὃ γέρων Φύλας εὖ ἔτρεφεν ἠδʼ ἀτίταλλεν","translation":"while old Phylas raised the boy well and cherished him,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l191.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠδ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies γέρων","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Φύλας","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"Φύλας","lemma":"Φύλας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠδ̓","gloss":"Phylas"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔτρεφεν","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"ἔτρεφεν","lemma":"τρέφω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"raised"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀτίταλλεν","lemma":"ἀτιτάλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cherished"}]},{"number":192,"label":"192","id":"b16-l192","source":"ἀμφαγαπαζόμενος ὡς εἴ θʼ ἑὸν υἱὸν ἐόντα.","translation":"embracing him with love as though he were his own son.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l192.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφαγαπαζόμενος","lemma":"ἀμφαγαπάζω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἠδ̓","gloss":"embracing lovingly"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as though"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑὸν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"were"}]},{"number":193,"label":"193","id":"b16-l193","source":"τῆς δὲ τρίτης Πείσανδρος ἀρήϊος ἡγεμόνευε","translation":"The third company was led by warlike Peisander,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l193.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῆς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine article","role":"modifies τρίτης","gloss":"company"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τρίτης","lemma":"τρίτος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"object of ἡγεμόνευε","gloss":"third"},{"surface":"Πείσανδρος","lemma":"Πείσανδρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἡγεμόνευε","gloss":"Peisander"},{"surface":"ἀρήϊος","lemma":"ἄρειος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πείσανδρος","gloss":"warlike"},{"surface":"ἡγεμόνευε","lemma":"ἡγεμονεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was leader"}]},{"number":194,"label":"194","id":"b16-l194","source":"Μαιμαλίδης, ὃς πᾶσι μετέπρεπε Μυρμιδόνεσσιν","translation":"son of Maemalus, who surpassed all the Myrmidons","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l194.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μαιμαλίδης","lemma":"Μαιμαλίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πείσανδρος","gloss":"son of Maemalus"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μετέπρεπε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"πᾶσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μυρμιδόνεσσιν","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"μετέπρεπε","lemma":"μεταπρέπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Πείσανδρος","gloss":"stood out"},{"surface":"Μυρμιδόνεσσιν","lemma":"Μυρμιδόνες","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μετέπρεπε","gloss":"Myrmidons"}]},{"number":195,"label":"195","id":"b16-l195","source":"ἔγχεϊ μάρνασθαι μετὰ Πηλεΐωνος ἑταῖρον.","translation":"in fighting with the spear, after the companion of Peleus' son.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l195.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔγχεϊ","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to μάρνασθαι","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"μάρνασθαι","lemma":"μάρναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to μετέπρεπε","gloss":"fighting"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"Πηλεΐωνος","lemma":"Πηλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἑταῖρον","gloss":"of Peleus"},{"surface":"ἑταῖρον","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"companion"}]},{"number":196,"label":"196","id":"b16-l196","source":"τῆς δὲ τετάρτης ἦρχε γέρων ἱππηλάτα Φοῖνιξ,","translation":"The fourth company was led by Phoenix, the old horseman,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l196.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῆς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine article","role":"modifies τετάρτης","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τετάρτης","lemma":"τέταρτος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"object of ἦρχε","gloss":"fourth"},{"surface":"ἦρχε","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Φοῖνιξ","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"ἱππηλάτα","lemma":"ἱππηλάτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Φοῖνιξ","gloss":"horseman"},{"surface":"Φοῖνιξ","lemma":"Φοῖνιξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦρχε","gloss":"Phoenix"}]},{"number":197,"label":"197","id":"b16-l197","source":"πέμπτης δʼ Ἀλκιμέδων Λαέρκεος υἱὸς ἀμύμων.","translation":"and the fifth by blameless Alcimedon, son of Laerces.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l197.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πέμπτης","lemma":"πέμπτος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"object","gloss":"fifth"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀλκιμέδων","lemma":"Ἀλκιμέδων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Alcimedon"},{"surface":"Λαέρκεος","lemma":"Λαέρκης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"Laerces"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀλκιμέδων","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἀμύμων","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"blameless"}]},{"number":198,"label":"198","id":"b16-l198","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ πάντας ἅμʼ ἡγεμόνεσσιν Ἀχιλλεὺς","translation":"But when all the men and captains were together, Achilles","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l198.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of στῆσεν","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"ἡγεμόνεσσιν","lemma":"ἡγεμών","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἅμ̓","gloss":"captains"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of στῆσεν","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":199,"label":"199","id":"b16-l199","source":"στῆσεν ἐῢ κρίνας, κρατερὸν δʼ ἐπὶ μῦθον ἔτελλε·","translation":"stationed them in order, laying on them a stern command:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l199.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κρατερὸν δʼ ἐπὶ μῦθον ἔτελλε","title":"A binding command","body":"The recurring phrase κρατερὸν δʼ ἐπὶ μῦθον ἔτελλε presents a leader's order as something laid upon his men. The English follows the established wording for this formula."}],"words":[{"surface":"στῆσεν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"stationed"},{"surface":"ἐῢ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κρίνας","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"κρίνας","lemma":"κρίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to στῆσεν","gloss":"having chosen"},{"surface":"κρατερὸν","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μῦθον","gloss":"stern"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"on them"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔτελλε","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ἔτελλε","lemma":"τέλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"commanded"}]},{"number":200,"label":"200","id":"b16-l200","source":"Μυρμιδόνες μή τίς μοι ἀπειλάων λελαθέσθω,","translation":"\"Myrmidons, let no one forget the threats you made for me,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l200.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μυρμιδόνες","lemma":"Μυρμιδόνες","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Myrmidons"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"let no"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of λελαθέσθω","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to λελαθέσθω","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"ἀπειλάων","lemma":"ἀπειλή","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of λελαθέσθω","gloss":"threats"},{"surface":"λελαθέσθω","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"forget"}]},{"number":201,"label":"201","id":"b16-l201","source":"ἃς ἐπὶ νηυσὶ θοῇσιν ἀπειλεῖτε Τρώεσσι","translation":"all those you hurled at the Trojans beside the swift ships","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l201.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπειλεῖτε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"θοῇσιν","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶ","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἀπειλεῖτε","lemma":"ἀπειλέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καί","gloss":"threatened"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπειλεῖτε","gloss":"Trojans"}]},{"number":202,"label":"202","id":"b16-l202","source":"πάνθʼ ὑπὸ μηνιθμόν, καί μʼ ᾐτιάασθε ἕκαστος·","translation":"throughout my wrath, while each of you blamed me:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l202.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάνθ","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μηνιθμόν","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"μηνιθμόν","lemma":"μηνιθμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὸ","gloss":"wrath"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ᾐτιάασθε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ᾐτιάασθε","lemma":"αἰτιάομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καί","gloss":"blamed"},{"surface":"ἕκαστος","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ᾐτιάασθε","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":203,"label":"203","id":"b16-l203","source":"σχέτλιε Πηλέος υἱὲ χόλῳ ἄρα σʼ ἔτρεφε μήτηρ,","translation":"'Cruel son of Peleus, your mother must have nursed you on gall,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l203.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"χόλῳ","title":"Anger as bitter gall","body":"χόλος can mean both bitter gall and anger. The Myrmidons turn Achilles' wrath into the bitter substance on which his mother supposedly raised him."}],"words":[{"surface":"σχέτλιε","lemma":"σχέτλιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὲ","gloss":"cruel"},{"surface":"Πηλέος","lemma":"Πηλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὲ","gloss":"of Peleus"},{"surface":"υἱὲ","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"χόλῳ","lemma":"χόλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔτρεφε","gloss":"with gall"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔτρεφε","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἔτρεφε","lemma":"τρέφω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had nursed"},{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔτρεφε","gloss":"mother"}]},{"number":204,"label":"204","id":"b16-l204","source":"νηλεές, ὃς παρὰ νηυσὶν ἔχεις ἀέκοντας ἑταίρους·","translation":"pitiless man, who keep your unwilling companions beside the ships.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l204.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηλεές","lemma":"νηλής","morphology":"vocative singular neuter adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"pitiless"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔχεις","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἔχεις","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing σ̓","gloss":"keep"},{"surface":"ἀέκοντας","lemma":"ἀέκων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unwilling"},{"surface":"ἑταίρους","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχεις","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":205,"label":"205","id":"b16-l205","source":"οἴκαδέ περ σὺν νηυσὶ νεώμεθα ποντοπόροισιν","translation":"Let us sail home again with our seafaring ships,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l205.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴκαδέ","lemma":"οἴκαδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of νεώμεθα","gloss":"home"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"νεώμεθα","lemma":"νέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us sail"},{"surface":"ποντοπόροισιν","lemma":"ποντόπορος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶ","gloss":"seafaring"}]},{"number":206,"label":"206","id":"b16-l206","source":"αὖτις, ἐπεί ῥά τοι ὧδε κακὸς χόλος ἔμπεσε θυμῷ.","translation":"since such evil anger has fallen upon your heart.'","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l206.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to νεώμεθα","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies θυμῷ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔμπεσε","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"κακὸς","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χόλος","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"χόλος","lemma":"χόλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔμπεσε","gloss":"anger"},{"surface":"ἔμπεσε","lemma":"ἐμπίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"has fallen"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔμπεσε","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":207,"label":"207","id":"b16-l207","source":"ταῦτά μʼ ἀγειρόμενοι θάμʼ ἐβάζετε· νῦν δὲ πέφανται","translation":"Gathering together, you would often say these things to me; but now appears","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l207.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"θάμʼ ἐβάζετε","title":"A repeated complaint","body":"The imperfect ἐβάζετε with θάμα describes what the Myrmidons repeatedly used to say during Achilles' withdrawal. His rally makes their own long-running complaint the reason to fight now."}],"words":[{"surface":"ταῦτά","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐβάζετε","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐβάζετε","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ἀγειρόμενοι","lemma":"ἀγείρω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐβάζετε","gloss":"gathering"},{"surface":"θάμ","lemma":"θαμά","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐβάζετε","gloss":"often"},{"surface":"ἐβάζετε","lemma":"βάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would say"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πέφανται","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"πέφανται","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"appears"}]},{"number":208,"label":"208","id":"b16-l208","source":"φυλόπιδος μέγα ἔργον, ἕης τὸ πρίν γʼ ἐράασθε.","translation":"the great work of battle for which you longed before.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l208.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φυλόπιδος","lemma":"φύλοπις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἔργον","gloss":"of battle"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργον","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ἔργον","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of πέφανται","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"ἕης","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἐράασθε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies πρίν","gloss":"for which"},{"surface":"πρίν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐράασθε","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐράασθε","lemma":"ἐράω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing φυλόπιδος","gloss":"longed"}]},{"number":209,"label":"209","id":"b16-l209","source":"ἔνθά τις ἄλκιμον ἦτορ ἔχων Τρώεσσι μαχέσθω.","translation":"Now let each man with a valiant heart fight the Trojans.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l209.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθά","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μαχέσθω","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἄλκιμον","lemma":"ἄλκιμος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦτορ","gloss":"valiant"},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχων","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μαχέσθω","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μαχέσθω","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"μαχέσθω","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fight"}]},{"number":210,"label":"210","id":"b16-l210","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν ὄτρυνε μένος καὶ θυμὸν ἑκάστου.","translation":"So he spoke and stirred the strength and spirit of every man.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l210.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὄτρυνε","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"ὄτρυνε","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stirred"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"ἑκάστου","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"every"}]},{"number":211,"label":"211","id":"b16-l211","source":"μᾶλλον δὲ στίχες ἄρθεν, ἐπεὶ βασιλῆος ἄκουσαν.","translation":"Their ranks drew closer still when they heard their king.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l211.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μᾶλλον","lemma":"μᾶλλον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄρθεν","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"στίχες","lemma":"στίξ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἄρθεν","gloss":"ranks"},{"surface":"ἄρθεν","lemma":"ἀραρίσκω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew close"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"βασιλῆος","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄκουσαν","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"ἄκουσαν","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"heard"}]},{"number":212,"label":"212","id":"b16-l212","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅτε τοῖχον ἀνὴρ ἀράρῃ πυκινοῖσι λίθοισι","translation":"As when a man fits a wall with close-set stones","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l212.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τοῖχον","lemma":"τοῖχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀράρῃ","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀράρῃ","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἀράρῃ","lemma":"ἀραρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"fits"},{"surface":"πυκινοῖσι","lemma":"πυκινός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies λίθοισι","gloss":"tight-packed"},{"surface":"λίθοισι","lemma":"λίθος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀράρῃ","gloss":"stones"}]},{"number":213,"label":"213","id":"b16-l213","source":"δώματος ὑψηλοῖο βίας ἀνέμων ἀλεείνων,","translation":"for a high house, to ward off the force of winds,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l213.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δώματος","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies τοῖχον","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"ὑψηλοῖο","lemma":"ὑψηλός","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δώματος","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"βίας","lemma":"βία","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀλεείνων","gloss":"force"},{"surface":"ἀνέμων","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies βίας","gloss":"winds"},{"surface":"ἀλεείνων","lemma":"ἀλεείνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀράρῃ","gloss":"avoiding"}]},{"number":214,"label":"214","id":"b16-l214","source":"ὣς ἄραρον κόρυθές τε καὶ ἀσπίδες ὀμφαλόεσσαι.","translation":"so helmets and bossed shields were fitted close.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l214.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄραρον","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄραρον","lemma":"ἀραρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fitted"},{"surface":"κόρυθές","lemma":"κόρυς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"helmets"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀσπίδες","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"shields"},{"surface":"ὀμφαλόεσσαι","lemma":"ὀμφαλόεις","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀσπίδες","gloss":"bossed"}]},{"number":215,"label":"215","id":"b16-l215","source":"ἀσπὶς ἄρʼ ἀσπίδʼ ἔρειδε, κόρυς κόρυν, ἀνέρα δʼ ἀνήρ·","translation":"Shield pressed on shield, helmet on helmet, man on man.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l215.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀσπὶς ἄρʼ ἀσπίδʼ ἔρειδε, κόρυς κόρυν, ἀνέρα δʼ ἀνήρ","title":"A line built like the formation","body":"The repeated nouns and tight parallel clauses imitate the compact ranks they describe. This English line is inherited exactly from the same Greek line in Book 13."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀσπὶς","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔρειδε","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀσπίδ","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔρειδε","gloss":"against shield"},{"surface":"ἔρειδε","lemma":"ἐρείδω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"braced"},{"surface":"κόρυς","lemma":"κόρυς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"helmet"},{"surface":"κόρυν","lemma":"κόρυς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"helmet"},{"surface":"ἀνέρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνήρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":216,"label":"216","id":"b16-l216","source":"ψαῦον δʼ ἱππόκομοι κόρυθες λαμπροῖσι φάλοισι","translation":"The horse-haired helmets touched with their shining crests","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l216.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ψαῦον","lemma":"ψαύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"touched"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱππόκομοι","lemma":"ἱππόκομος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies κόρυθες","gloss":"horse-haired"},{"surface":"κόρυθες","lemma":"κόρυς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ψαῦον","gloss":"helmets"},{"surface":"λαμπροῖσι","lemma":"λαμπρός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies φάλοισι","gloss":"bright"},{"surface":"φάλοισι","lemma":"φάλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ψαῦον","gloss":"crest"}]},{"number":217,"label":"217","id":"b16-l217","source":"νευόντων, ὡς πυκνοὶ ἐφέστασαν ἀλλήλοισι.","translation":"as the men nodded, so closely they stood one against another.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l217.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νευόντων","lemma":"νεύω","morphology":"present active participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ψαῦον","gloss":"nodded"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"πυκνοὶ","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"closely"},{"surface":"ἐφέστασαν","lemma":"ἐφίστημι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"stood against"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλοισι","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐφέστασαν","gloss":"one another"}]},{"number":218,"label":"218","id":"b16-l218","source":"πάντων δὲ προπάροιθε δύʼ ἀνέρε θωρήσσοντο","translation":"Before them all two men were arming themselves,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l218.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to προπάροιθε","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"προπάροιθε","lemma":"προπάροιθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"δύ","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ἀνέρε","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"ἀνέρε","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"θωρήσσοντο","lemma":"θωρήσσω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were arming"}]},{"number":219,"label":"219","id":"b16-l219","source":"Πάτροκλός τε καὶ Αὐτομέδων ἕνα θυμὸν ἔχοντες","translation":"Patroclus and Automedon, sharing one spirit","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l219.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πάτροκλός","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Αὐτομέδων","lemma":"Αὐτομέδων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Automedon"},{"surface":"ἕνα","lemma":"εἷς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θυμὸν","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχοντες","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"ἔχοντες","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to θωρήσσοντο","gloss":"holding"}]},{"number":220,"label":"220","id":"b16-l220","source":"πρόσθεν Μυρμιδόνων πολεμιζέμεν. αὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς","translation":"to fight before the Myrmidons. But Achilles","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l220.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρόσθεν","lemma":"πρόσθεν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"Μυρμιδόνων","lemma":"Μυρμιδόνες","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πρόσθεν","gloss":"Myrmidons"},{"surface":"πολεμιζέμεν","lemma":"πολεμίζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to θωρήσσοντο","gloss":"to fight"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βῆ","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":221,"label":"221","id":"b16-l221","source":"βῆ ῥʼ ἴμεν ἐς κλισίην, χηλοῦ δʼ ἀπὸ πῶμʼ ἀνέῳγε","translation":"went into his shelter and opened the lid of a chest,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l221.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἴμεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"κλισίην","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"hut"},{"surface":"χηλοῦ","lemma":"χηλός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies πῶμ̓","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"away from"},{"surface":"πῶμ","lemma":"πῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀνέῳγε","gloss":"lid"},{"surface":"ἀνέῳγε","lemma":"ἀνοίγνυμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"opened"}]},{"number":222,"label":"222","id":"b16-l222","source":"καλῆς δαιδαλέης, τήν οἱ Θέτις ἀργυρόπεζα","translation":"beautiful and richly wrought, which silver-footed Thetis","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l222.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Θέτις ἀργυρόπεζα","title":"Thetis' standing epithet","body":"Silver-footed is the fixed rendering of ἀργυρόπεζα, Thetis' standing epithet. It keeps her divine brightness present even in the domestic detail of the chest she packed."}],"words":[{"surface":"καλῆς","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χηλοῦ","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"δαιδαλέης","lemma":"δαιδάλεος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χηλοῦ","gloss":"richly wrought"},{"surface":"τήν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of θῆκ̓","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of θῆκ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"Θέτις","lemma":"Θέτις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of θῆκ̓","gloss":"Thetis"},{"surface":"ἀργυρόπεζα","lemma":"ἀργυρόπεζα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Θέτις","gloss":"silver-footed"}]},{"number":223,"label":"223","id":"b16-l223","source":"θῆκʼ ἐπὶ νηὸς ἄγεσθαι ἐῢ πλήσασα χιτώνων","translation":"had placed aboard his ship, filling it well with tunics,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l223.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θῆκ","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing χηλοῦ","gloss":"placed"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"aboard"},{"surface":"νηὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"ἄγεσθαι","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to θῆκ̓","gloss":"to be carried"},{"surface":"ἐῢ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πλήσασα","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"πλήσασα","lemma":"πίμπλημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to θῆκ̓","gloss":"filling"},{"surface":"χιτώνων","lemma":"χιτών","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"tunics"}]},{"number":224,"label":"224","id":"b16-l224","source":"χλαινάων τʼ ἀνεμοσκεπέων οὔλων τε ταπήτων.","translation":"wind-blocking cloaks, and thick woolen rugs.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l224.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χλαινάων","lemma":"χλαῖνα","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"cloak"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνεμοσκεπέων","lemma":"ἀνεμοσκεπής","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χλαινάων","gloss":"wind-blocking"},{"surface":"οὔλων","lemma":"οὖλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ταπήτων","gloss":"thick"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ταπήτων","lemma":"τάπης","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"rugs"}]},{"number":225,"label":"225","id":"b16-l225","source":"ἔνθα δέ οἱ δέπας ἔσκε τετυγμένον, οὐδέ τις ἄλλος","translation":"There he kept a finely wrought cup, and no other man","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l225.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσκε","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔσκε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δέπας","lemma":"δέπας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔσκε","gloss":"cup"},{"surface":"ἔσκε","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kept"},{"surface":"τετυγμένον","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular neuter","role":"modifies δέπας","gloss":"well-built"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πίνεσκεν","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":226,"label":"226","id":"b16-l226","source":"οὔτʼ ἀνδρῶν πίνεσκεν ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ αἴθοπα οἶνον,","translation":"drank gleaming wine from it,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l226.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"πίνεσκεν","lemma":"πίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drank"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀπ̓","gloss":"from it"},{"surface":"αἴθοπα","lemma":"αἶθοψ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἶνον","gloss":"gleaming"},{"surface":"οἶνον","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πίνεσκεν","gloss":"wine"}]},{"number":227,"label":"227","id":"b16-l227","source":"οὔτέ τεῳ σπένδεσκε θεῶν, ὅτε μὴ Διὶ πατρί.","translation":"nor did he pour from it to any god except father Zeus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l227.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔτέ","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"τεῳ","lemma":"τις","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of σπένδεσκε","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"σπένδεσκε","lemma":"σπένδω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured libations"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τεῳ","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"except"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"Διὶ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"πατρί","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Διὶ","gloss":"father"}]},{"number":228,"label":"228","id":"b16-l228","source":"τό ῥα τότʼ ἐκ χηλοῖο λαβὼν ἐκάθηρε θεείῳ","translation":"Taking it then from the chest, he first cleansed it with sulfur,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l228.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τό","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἐκάθηρε","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τότ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐκάθηρε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"χηλοῖο","lemma":"χηλός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"λαβὼν","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐκάθηρε","gloss":"taking"},{"surface":"ἐκάθηρε","lemma":"καθαίρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cleansed"},{"surface":"θεείῳ","lemma":"θεῖον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκάθηρε","gloss":"sulfur"}]},{"number":229,"label":"229","id":"b16-l229","source":"πρῶτον, ἔπειτα δʼ ἔνιψʼ ὕδατος καλῇσι ῥοῇσι,","translation":"then rinsed it in fair streams of water,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l229.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρῶτον","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐκάθηρε","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔνιψ","lemma":"νίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had washed"},{"surface":"ὕδατος","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ῥοῇσι","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"καλῇσι","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ῥοῇσι","gloss":"fair"},{"surface":"ῥοῇσι","lemma":"ῥοή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔνιψ̓","gloss":"streams"}]},{"number":230,"label":"230","id":"b16-l230","source":"νίψατο δʼ αὐτὸς χεῖρας, ἀφύσσατο δʼ αἴθοπα οἶνον.","translation":"washed his own hands, and drew gleaming wine.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l230.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νίψατο","lemma":"νίζω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"washed"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of νίψατο","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἀφύσσατο","lemma":"ἀφύσσω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἴθοπα","lemma":"αἶθοψ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἶνον","gloss":"gleaming"},{"surface":"οἶνον","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀφύσσατο","gloss":"wine"}]},{"number":231,"label":"231","id":"b16-l231","source":"εὔχετʼ ἔπειτα στὰς μέσῳ ἕρκεϊ, λεῖβε δὲ οἶνον","translation":"Then he prayed, standing in the middle of the court, and poured the wine,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l231.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὔχετ","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"prayed"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εὔχετ̓","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"στὰς","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εὔχετ̓","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"μέσῳ","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἕρκεϊ","gloss":"the middle"},{"surface":"ἕρκεϊ","lemma":"ἕρκος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to στὰς","gloss":"court"},{"surface":"λεῖβε","lemma":"λείβω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἶνον","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λεῖβε","gloss":"wine"}]},{"number":232,"label":"232","id":"b16-l232","source":"οὐρανὸν εἰσανιδών· Δία δʼ οὐ λάθε τερπικέραυνον·","translation":"gazing toward heaven; and Zeus, who delights in thunder, saw him:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l232.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐρανὸν","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἰσανιδών","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"εἰσανιδών","lemma":"εἰσανεῖδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to λεῖβε","gloss":"look upon"},{"surface":"Δία","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λάθε","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"λάθε","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"escaped notice","note":"The negative construction means the prayer did not escape Zeus’ notice."},{"surface":"τερπικέραυνον","lemma":"τερπικέραυνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Δία","gloss":"who delights in thunder"}]},{"number":233,"label":"233","id":"b16-l233","source":"Ζεῦ ἄνα Δωδωναῖε Πελασγικὲ τηλόθι ναίων","translation":"\"Lord Zeus, Dodonaean, Pelasgian, dwelling far away,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l233.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεῦ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ἄνα","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεῦ","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"Δωδωναῖε","lemma":"Δωδωναῖος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ζεῦ","gloss":"Dodonaean"},{"surface":"Πελασγικὲ","lemma":"Πελασγικός","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ζεῦ","gloss":"Pelasgian"},{"surface":"τηλόθι","lemma":"τηλόθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ναίων","gloss":"far away"},{"surface":"ναίων","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"present active participle, vocative singular masculine","role":"modifies Ζεῦ","gloss":"dwelling"}]},{"number":234,"label":"234","id":"b16-l234","source":"Δωδώνης μεδέων δυσχειμέρου, ἀμφὶ δὲ Σελλοὶ","translation":"ruling stormy Dodona, where around you the Selloi","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l234.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Δωδώνης","lemma":"δωδώνη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of μεδέων","gloss":"Dodona"},{"surface":"μεδέων","lemma":"μεδέων","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies Ζεῦ","gloss":"ruling"},{"surface":"δυσχειμέρου","lemma":"δυσχείμερος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Δωδώνης","gloss":"stormy"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Σελλοὶ","lemma":"Σελλοί","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ναίουσ̓","gloss":"Selli"}]},{"number":235,"label":"235","id":"b16-l235","source":"σοὶ ναίουσʼ ὑποφῆται ἀνιπτόποδες χαμαιεῦναι,","translation":"dwell as your interpreters, with unwashed feet, sleeping on the ground—","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l235.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ναίουσ","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ζεῦ","gloss":"dwell"},{"surface":"ὑποφῆται","lemma":"ὑποφήτης","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies Σελλοὶ","gloss":"interpreters"},{"surface":"ἀνιπτόποδες","lemma":"ἀνιπτόπους","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies Σελλοὶ","gloss":"unwashed-footed"},{"surface":"χαμαιεῦναι","lemma":"χαμαιεύνης","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies Σελλοὶ","gloss":"sleeping on ground"}]},{"number":236,"label":"236","id":"b16-l236","source":"ἠμὲν δή ποτʼ ἐμὸν ἔπος ἔκλυες εὐξαμένοιο,","translation":"once before you heard my word when I prayed to you,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l236.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠμὲν","lemma":"ἠμέν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἔκλυες","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"ἐμὸν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπος","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔκλυες","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ἔκλυες","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"εὐξαμένοιο","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔκλυες","gloss":"prayed"}]},{"number":237,"label":"237","id":"b16-l237","source":"τίμησας μὲν ἐμέ, μέγα δʼ ἴψαο λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν,","translation":"you honored me, and struck hard the host of the Achaeans;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l237.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τίμησας","lemma":"τιμάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"honored"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐμέ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τίμησας","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἴψαο","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴψαο","lemma":"ἴπτομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"λαὸν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἴψαο","gloss":"host"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies λαὸν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":238,"label":"238","id":"b16-l238","source":"ἠδʼ ἔτι καὶ νῦν μοι τόδʼ ἐπικρήηνον ἐέλδωρ·","translation":"and now too grant me this desire once more:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l238.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπικρήηνον","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπικρήηνον","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπικρήηνον","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"τόδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἐέλδωρ","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἐπικρήηνον","lemma":"ἐπικραίνω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grant"},{"surface":"ἐέλδωρ","lemma":"ἔλδωρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπικρήηνον","gloss":"desire"}]},{"number":239,"label":"239","id":"b16-l239","source":"αὐτὸς μὲν γὰρ ἐγὼ μενέω νηῶν ἐν ἀγῶνι,","translation":"for I myself will remain here within the gathering of ships,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l239.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μενέω","gloss":"I myself"},{"surface":"μενέω","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will remain"},{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀγῶνι","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"ἀγῶνι","lemma":"ἀγών","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"gathering"}]},{"number":240,"label":"240","id":"b16-l240","source":"ἀλλʼ ἕταρον πέμπω πολέσιν μετὰ Μυρμιδόνεσσι","translation":"but I send my companion with the many Myrmidons","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l240.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἕταρον","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πέμπω","gloss":"companion"},{"surface":"πέμπω","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"send"},{"surface":"πολέσιν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μυρμιδόνεσσι","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Μυρμιδόνεσσι","lemma":"Μυρμιδόνες","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"Myrmidons"}]},{"number":241,"label":"241","id":"b16-l241","source":"μάρνασθαι· τῷ κῦδος ἅμα πρόες εὐρύοπα Ζεῦ,","translation":"to fight; send glory with him, wide-thundering Zeus,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l241.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"τῷ κῦδος ἅμα πρόες","title":"Glory as a divine gift","body":"κῦδος is the victorious glory a god can send with a warrior for a particular feat. Achilles asks Zeus to let divine success accompany Patroclus into battle."}],"words":[{"surface":"μάρνασθαι","lemma":"μάρναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to πέμπω","gloss":"to fight"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πρόες","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"κῦδος","lemma":"κῦδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of πρόες","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πρόες","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"πρόες","lemma":"προίημι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"send"},{"surface":"εὐρύοπα","lemma":"εὐρύοπα","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ζεῦ","gloss":"wide-thundering"},{"surface":"Ζεῦ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":242,"label":"242","id":"b16-l242","source":"θάρσυνον δέ οἱ ἦτορ ἐνὶ φρεσίν, ὄφρα καὶ Ἕκτωρ","translation":"and embolden the heart within his breast, so that Hector too","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l242.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θάρσυνον","lemma":"θαρσύνω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"embolden"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies φρεσίν","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of θάρσυνον","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"φρεσίν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἐνὶ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἴσεται","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":243,"label":"243","id":"b16-l243","source":"εἴσεται ἤ ῥα καὶ οἶος ἐπίστηται πολεμίζειν","translation":"may learn whether he knows how to fight even when alone—","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l243.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴσεται","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"may learn"},{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"οἶος","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"ἐπίστηται","lemma":"ἐπίσταμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἦ","gloss":"knows how"},{"surface":"πολεμίζειν","lemma":"πολεμίζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐπίστηται","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":244,"label":"244","id":"b16-l244","source":"ἡμέτερος θεράπων, ἦ οἱ τότε χεῖρες ἄαπτοι","translation":"this attendant of ours—or whether his irresistible hands","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l244.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"χεῖρες ἄαπτοι","title":"Overwhelming force","body":"The fixed phrase ἄαπτοι χεῖρες calls the hands impossible to withstand or lay hold of. Achilles wonders whether Patroclus' force works independently or only beside him."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμέτερος","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεράπων","gloss":"ours"},{"surface":"θεράπων","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπίστηται","gloss":"attendant"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies χεῖρες","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μαίνονθ̓","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"χεῖρες","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of μαίνονθ̓","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἄαπτοι","lemma":"ἄαπτος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"irresistible"}]},{"number":245,"label":"245","id":"b16-l245","source":"μαίνονθʼ, ὁππότʼ ἐγώ περ ἴω μετὰ μῶλον Ἄρηος.","translation":"rage only when I enter the turmoil of Ares.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l245.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μαίνονθ","lemma":"μαίνομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of ἦ","gloss":"rage"},{"surface":"ὁππότ","lemma":"ὁπότε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἴω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"ἴω","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὁππότ̓","gloss":"I enter"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"μῶλον","lemma":"μῶλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"turmoil"},{"surface":"Ἄρηος","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μῶλον","gloss":"of Ares"}]},{"number":246,"label":"246","id":"b16-l246","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεί κʼ ἀπὸ ναῦφι μάχην ἐνοπήν τε δίηται,","translation":"But when he has driven battle and its din away from the ships,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l246.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ναῦφι","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπὸ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"μάχην","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"ἐνοπήν","lemma":"ἐνοπή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"din"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δίηται","lemma":"διίημι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"has driven"}]},{"number":247,"label":"247","id":"b16-l247","source":"ἀσκηθής μοι ἔπειτα θοὰς ἐπὶ νῆας ἵκοιτο","translation":"then let him come back unharmed to me at the swift ships,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l247.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀσκηθής","lemma":"ἀσκηθής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unharmed"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἵκοιτο","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵκοιτο","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"θοὰς","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἵκοιτο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"come back"}]},{"number":248,"label":"248","id":"b16-l248","source":"τεύχεσί τε ξὺν πᾶσι καὶ ἀγχεμάχοις ἑτάροισιν.","translation":"with all his armor and his close-fighting companions.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l248.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τεύχεσί","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ξὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"πᾶσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεύχεσί","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγχεμάχοις","lemma":"ἀγχέμαχος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑτάροισιν","gloss":"close-fighting"},{"surface":"ἑτάροισιν","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":249,"label":"249","id":"b16-l249","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ εὐχόμενος, τοῦ δʼ ἔκλυε μητίετα Ζεύς.","translation":"So he spoke in prayer, and Zeus the counselor heard him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l249.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"εὐχόμενος","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"praying"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔκλυε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔκλυε","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"μητίετα","lemma":"μητίετα","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεύς","gloss":"the counselor"},{"surface":"Ζεύς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔκλυε","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":250,"label":"250","id":"b16-l250","source":"τῷ δʼ ἕτερον μὲν ἔδωκε πατήρ, ἕτερον δʼ ἀνένευσε·","translation":"The father granted him one request, but refused the other:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l250.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἕτερον μὲν ἔδωκε πατήρ, ἕτερον δʼ ἀνένευσε","title":"The prayer divided in two","body":"The balanced μέν ... δέ construction divides Achilles' prayer before the next two lines state each outcome. Zeus grants rescue of the ships but denies Patroclus' safe return."}],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔδωκε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἕτερον","lemma":"ἕτερος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔδωκε","gloss":"one request"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ἔδωκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"granted"},{"surface":"πατήρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔδωκε","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἕτερον","lemma":"ἕτερος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀνένευσε","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀνένευσε","lemma":"ἀνανεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"nodded refusal","note":"A divine nod of refusal contrasts with the request Zeus grants."}]},{"number":251,"label":"251","id":"b16-l251","source":"νηῶν μέν οἱ ἀπώσασθαι πόλεμόν τε μάχην τε","translation":"he granted that Patroclus drive war and battle from the ships,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l251.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπώσασθαι","gloss":"from the ships"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δῶκε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἀπώσασθαι","lemma":"ἀπωθέω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of δῶκε","gloss":"drive back"},{"surface":"πόλεμόν","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάχην","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":252,"label":"252","id":"b16-l252","source":"δῶκε, σόον δʼ ἀνένευσε μάχης ἐξαπονέεσθαι.","translation":"but refused him a safe return out of the fighting.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l252.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῶκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he granted"},{"surface":"σόον","lemma":"σῶς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"safe"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀνένευσε","lemma":"ἀνανεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"nodded refusal"},{"surface":"μάχης","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξαπονέεσθαι","gloss":"fighting"},{"surface":"ἐξαπονέεσθαι","lemma":"ἐξαπονέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἀνένευσε","gloss":"to return"}]},{"number":253,"label":"253","id":"b16-l253","source":"ἤτοι ὃ μὲν σπείσας τε καὶ εὐξάμενος Διὶ πατρὶ","translation":"When he had poured and prayed to father Zeus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l253.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἰσῆλθε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σπείσας","lemma":"σπένδω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"poured"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὐξάμενος","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"prayed"},{"surface":"Διὶ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εὐξάμενος","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"πατρὶ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Διὶ","gloss":"father"}]},{"number":254,"label":"254","id":"b16-l254","source":"ἂψ κλισίην εἰσῆλθε, δέπας δʼ ἀπέθηκʼ ἐνὶ χηλῷ,","translation":"he went back into the shelter and put the cup away in the chest,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l254.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰσῆλθε","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"κλισίην","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰσῆλθε","gloss":"the shelter"},{"surface":"εἰσῆλθε","lemma":"εἰσέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"entered"},{"surface":"δέπας","lemma":"δέπας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπέθηκ̓","gloss":"cup"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπέθηκ","lemma":"ἀποτίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put away"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χηλῷ","lemma":"χηλός","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"chest"}]},{"number":255,"label":"255","id":"b16-l255","source":"στῆ δὲ πάροιθʼ ἐλθὼν κλισίης, ἔτι δʼ ἤθελε θυμῷ","translation":"then came and stood before the shelter, for his heart still wished","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l255.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πάροιθ","lemma":"πάροιθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ἐλθὼν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to στῆ","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"κλισίης","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to πάροιθ̓","gloss":"the shelter"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤθελε","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤθελε","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wished"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἤθελε","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":256,"label":"256","id":"b16-l256","source":"εἰσιδέειν Τρώων καὶ Ἀχαιῶν φύλοπιν αἰνήν.","translation":"to watch the grim battle-din of Trojans and Achaeans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l256.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰσιδέειν","lemma":"εἰσεῖδον","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἤθελε","gloss":"look upon"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"Achaeans"},{"surface":"φύλοπιν","lemma":"φύλοπις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰσιδέειν","gloss":"battle-din"},{"surface":"αἰνήν","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies φύλοπιν","gloss":"grim"}]},{"number":257,"label":"257","id":"b16-l257","source":"οἳ δʼ ἅμα Πατρόκλῳ μεγαλήτορι θωρηχθέντες","translation":"Those armed around great-hearted Patroclus","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l257.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔστιχον","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Πατρόκλῳ","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἅμα","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"μεγαλήτορι","lemma":"μεγαλήτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πατρόκλῳ","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"θωρηχθέντες","lemma":"θωρήσσω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifies οἳ","gloss":"armed"}]},{"number":258,"label":"258","id":"b16-l258","source":"ἔστιχον, ὄφρʼ ἐν Τρωσὶ μέγα φρονέοντες ὄρουσαν.","translation":"marched on until, high-hearted, they rushed among the Trojans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l258.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔστιχον","lemma":"στείχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"marched on"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"Τρωσὶ","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to φρονέοντες","gloss":"high-hearted"},{"surface":"φρονέοντες","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ὄρουσαν","gloss":"high-hearted"},{"surface":"ὄρουσαν","lemma":"ὀρούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφῤ","gloss":"rushed"}]},{"number":259,"label":"259","id":"b16-l259","source":"αὐτίκα δὲ σφήκεσσιν ἐοικότες ἐξεχέοντο","translation":"At once they streamed out like wasps,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l259.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐξεχέοντο","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφήκεσσιν","lemma":"σφήξ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐοικότες","gloss":"wasps"},{"surface":"ἐοικότες","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐξεχέοντο","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ἐξεχέοντο","lemma":"ἐκχέω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured out"}]},{"number":260,"label":"260","id":"b16-l260","source":"εἰνοδίοις, οὓς παῖδες ἐριδμαίνωσιν ἔθοντες","translation":"beside the road, which children make a habit of provoking,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l260.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰνοδίοις","lemma":"ἐνόδιος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies σφήκεσσιν","gloss":"by the wayside"},{"surface":"οὓς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐριδμαίνωσιν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"παῖδες","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐριδμαίνωσιν","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"ἐριδμαίνωσιν","lemma":"ἐριδμαίνω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing σφήκεσσιν","gloss":"provoke"},{"surface":"ἔθοντες","lemma":"ἔθω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐριδμαίνωσιν","gloss":"accustomed"}]},{"number":261,"label":"261","id":"b16-l261","source":"αἰεὶ κερτομέοντες ὁδῷ ἔπι οἰκίʼ ἔχοντας","translation":"forever teasing those whose home lies by the road—","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l261.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κερτομέοντες","gloss":"forever"},{"surface":"κερτομέοντες","lemma":"κερτομέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐριδμαίνωσιν","gloss":"mocking"},{"surface":"ὁδῷ","lemma":"ὁδός","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔπι","gloss":"the road"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"οἰκί","lemma":"οἰκίον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχοντας","gloss":"home"},{"surface":"ἔχοντας","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifies οὓς","gloss":"having"}]},{"number":262,"label":"262","id":"b16-l262","source":"νηπίαχοι· ξυνὸν δὲ κακὸν πολέεσσι τιθεῖσι.","translation":"little fools, who make a common evil for many.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l262.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ξυνὸν δὲ κακὸν πολέεσσι","title":"One prank, shared harm","body":"ξυνὸν κακόν is an evil shared by many. The children's teasing endangers later travelers who had no part in provoking the nest."}],"words":[{"surface":"νηπίαχοι","lemma":"νηπίαχος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"little fools"},{"surface":"ξυνὸν","lemma":"ξυνός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κακὸν","gloss":"common"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of τιθεῖσι","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"πολέεσσι","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of τιθεῖσι","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"τιθεῖσι","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"make"}]},{"number":263,"label":"263","id":"b16-l263","source":"τοὺς δʼ εἴ περ παρά τίς τε κιὼν ἄνθρωπος ὁδίτης","translation":"And if some traveler passing by","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l263.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of κινήσῃ","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"παρά","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἄνθρωπος","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κιὼν","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κινήσῃ","gloss":"passing"},{"surface":"ἄνθρωπος","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κινήσῃ","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ὁδίτης","lemma":"ὁδίτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄνθρωπος","gloss":"traveler"}]},{"number":264,"label":"264","id":"b16-l264","source":"κινήσῃ ἀέκων, οἳ δʼ ἄλκιμον ἦτορ ἔχοντες","translation":"stirs them unwittingly, then with valiant heart","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l264.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κινήσῃ","lemma":"κινέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"stirs"},{"surface":"ἀέκων","lemma":"ἀέκων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unwittingly"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄλκιμον","lemma":"ἄλκιμος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦτορ","gloss":"valiant"},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχοντες","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἔχοντες","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"with"}]},{"number":265,"label":"265","id":"b16-l265","source":"πρόσσω πᾶς πέτεται καὶ ἀμύνει οἷσι τέκεσσι.","translation":"each flies straight forward and defends its young.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l265.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρόσσω","lemma":"πρόσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πέτεται","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"πᾶς","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"πέτεται","lemma":"πέτομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flies"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμύνει","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wards off"},{"surface":"οἷσι","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative plural neuter pronoun","role":"modifies τέκεσσι","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"τέκεσσι","lemma":"τέκος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀμύνει","gloss":"young"}]},{"number":266,"label":"266","id":"b16-l266","source":"τῶν τότε Μυρμιδόνες κραδίην καὶ θυμὸν ἔχοντες","translation":"With the heart and spirit of those wasps, the Myrmidons then","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l266.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐχέοντο","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Μυρμιδόνες","lemma":"Μυρμιδόνες","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐχέοντο","gloss":"Myrmidons"},{"surface":"κραδίην","lemma":"καρδία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"ἔχοντες","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐχέοντο","gloss":"possessing"}]},{"number":267,"label":"267","id":"b16-l267","source":"ἐκ νηῶν ἐχέοντο· βοὴ δʼ ἄσβεστος ὀρώρει.","translation":"streamed from the ships, and an unquenchable shout arose.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l267.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐχέοντο","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"streamed"},{"surface":"βοὴ","lemma":"βοή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ὀρώρει","gloss":"shout"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄσβεστος","lemma":"ἄσβεστος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies βοὴ","gloss":"unquenchable"},{"surface":"ὀρώρει","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"arose"}]},{"number":268,"label":"268","id":"b16-l268","source":"Πάτροκλος δʼ ἑτάροισιν ἐκέκλετο μακρὸν ἀΰσας·","translation":"Patroclus called to his companions with a loud shout:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l268.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πάτροκλος","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐκέκλετο","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑτάροισιν","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκέκλετο","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"ἐκέκλετο","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"μακρὸν","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀΰσας","gloss":"loud"},{"surface":"ἀΰσας","lemma":"αὔω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐκέκλετο","gloss":"shouting"}]},{"number":269,"label":"269","id":"b16-l269","source":"Μυρμιδόνες ἕταροι Πηληϊάδεω Ἀχιλῆος","translation":"\"Myrmidons, companions of Achilles, son of Peleus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l269.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μυρμιδόνες","lemma":"Μυρμιδόνες","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Myrmidons"},{"surface":"ἕταροι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"Πηληϊάδεω","lemma":"Πηλείδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀχιλῆος","gloss":"son of Peleus"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆος","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἕταροι","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":270,"label":"270","id":"b16-l270","source":"ἀνέρες ἔστε φίλοι, μνήσασθε δὲ θούριδος ἀλκῆς,","translation":"be men, my friends, and remember your furious valor,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l270.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μνήσασθε δὲ θούριδος ἀλκῆς","title":"A recurring battle charge","body":"This exhortation is a repeated Homeric line, inherited here word for word from earlier Achaean rallies. Remembering valor means making one's established courage active in the present fight."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνέρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἔστε","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"φίλοι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friends"},{"surface":"μνήσασθε","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"remember"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θούριδος","lemma":"θοῦρος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλκῆς","gloss":"furious"},{"surface":"ἀλκῆς","lemma":"ἀλκή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of μνήσασθε","gloss":"valor"}]},{"number":271,"label":"271","id":"b16-l271","source":"ὡς ἂν Πηλεΐδην τιμήσομεν, ὃς μέγʼ ἄριστος","translation":"so that we may honor the son of Peleus, who is far the best","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l271.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"Πηλεΐδην","lemma":"Πηλείδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τιμήσομεν","gloss":"son of Peleus"},{"surface":"τιμήσομεν","lemma":"τιμάω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"honor"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"μέγ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἄριστος","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"ἄριστος","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"best"}]},{"number":272,"label":"272","id":"b16-l272","source":"Ἀργείων παρὰ νηυσὶ καὶ ἀγχέμαχοι θεράποντες,","translation":"of the Argives beside the ships—he and his close-fighting companions—","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l272.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργείων","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄριστος","gloss":"Argives"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies παρὰ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγχέμαχοι","lemma":"ἀγχέμαχος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεράποντες","gloss":"close-fighting"},{"surface":"θεράποντες","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"henchmen"}]},{"number":273,"label":"273","id":"b16-l273","source":"γνῷ δὲ καὶ Ἀτρεΐδης εὐρὺ κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων","translation":"and the son of Atreus, the wide-ruling lord Agamemnon, may know","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l273.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"εὐρὺ κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων","title":"Agamemnon's wide rule","body":"This is the fixed rendering of εὐρὺ κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων. It remains distinct from Homer's other established titles for Agamemnon, including lord of men."}],"words":[{"surface":"γνῷ","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"may know"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδης","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"εὐρὺ","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to κρείων","gloss":"wide-ruling"},{"surface":"κρείων","lemma":"κρείων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of γνῷ","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":274,"label":"274","id":"b16-l274","source":"ἣν ἄτην, ὅ τʼ ἄριστον Ἀχαιῶν οὐδὲν ἔτισεν.","translation":"his delusion, for he gave no honor to the best of the Achaeans.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l274.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἣν ἄτην","title":"Atē, ruinous blindness","body":"ἄτη is a blinding error that brings harm in its wake. Patroclus names Agamemnon's failure to honor Achilles not merely as a mistake but as ruinous delusion."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἣν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄτην","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἄτην","lemma":"ἄτη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"delusion"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because he"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄριστον","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἔτισεν","gloss":"the best"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄριστον","gloss":"Achaeans"},{"surface":"οὐδὲν","lemma":"οὐδείς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔτισεν","gloss":"no honor"},{"surface":"ἔτισεν","lemma":"τίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ὅ","gloss":"honored"}]},{"number":275,"label":"275","id":"b16-l275","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν ὄτρυνε μένος καὶ θυμὸν ἑκάστου,","translation":"So he spoke and stirred the strength and spirit of every man.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l275.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὄτρυνε","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"ὄτρυνε","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stirred"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"ἑκάστου","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"every"}]},{"number":276,"label":"276","id":"b16-l276","source":"ἐν δʼ ἔπεσον Τρώεσσιν ἀολλέες· ἀμφὶ δὲ νῆες","translation":"Then in one mass they fell upon the Trojans, and all around the ships","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l276.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπεσον","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσιν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔπεσον","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ἀολλέες","lemma":"ἀολλής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"in one mass"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κονάβησαν","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νῆες","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of κονάβησαν","gloss":"ships"}]},{"number":277,"label":"277","id":"b16-l277","source":"σμερδαλέον κονάβησαν ἀϋσάντων ὑπʼ Ἀχαιῶν.","translation":"rang terribly at the roar of the Achaeans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l277.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σμερδαλέον","lemma":"σμερδαλέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to κονάβησαν","gloss":"terribly"},{"surface":"κονάβησαν","lemma":"κοναβέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rang"},{"surface":"ἀϋσάντων","lemma":"αὔω","morphology":"aorist active participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"modifies Ἀχαιῶν","gloss":"at the roar"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ὑπ̓","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":278,"label":"278","id":"b16-l278","source":"Τρῶες δʼ ὡς εἴδοντο Μενοιτίου ἄλκιμον υἱὸν","translation":"But when the Trojans saw the valiant son of Menoetius","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l278.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of εἴδοντο","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"εἴδοντο","lemma":"εἴδομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"Μενοιτίου","lemma":"Μενοίτιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"of Menoetius"},{"surface":"ἄλκιμον","lemma":"ἄλκιμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"valiant"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":279,"label":"279","id":"b16-l279","source":"αὐτὸν καὶ θεράποντα σὺν ἔντεσι μαρμαίροντας,","translation":"himself and his attendant shining in their armor,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l279.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεράποντα","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"attendant"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ἔντεσι","lemma":"ἔντεα","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"μαρμαίροντας","lemma":"μαρμαίρω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"gleaming"}]},{"number":280,"label":"280","id":"b16-l280","source":"πᾶσιν ὀρίνθη θυμός, ἐκίνηθεν δὲ φάλαγγες","translation":"the spirit of every man was shaken, and the battalions wavered,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l280.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πᾶσιν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ὀρίνθη","gloss":"every man"},{"surface":"ὀρίνθη","lemma":"ὀρίνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was shaken"},{"surface":"θυμός","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὀρίνθη","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"ἐκίνηθεν","lemma":"κινέω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wavered"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φάλαγγες","lemma":"φάλαγξ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐκίνηθεν","gloss":"battalions"}]},{"number":281,"label":"281","id":"b16-l281","source":"ἐλπόμενοι παρὰ ναῦφι ποδώκεα Πηλεΐωνα","translation":"thinking that beside the ships the swift-footed son of Peleus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l281.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐλπόμενοι","lemma":"ἔλπω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐκίνηθεν","gloss":"thinking"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"ναῦφι","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ποδώκεα","lemma":"ποδώκης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πηλεΐωνα","gloss":"swift-footed"},{"surface":"Πηλεΐωνα","lemma":"Πηλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"son of Peleus"}]},{"number":282,"label":"282","id":"b16-l282","source":"μηνιθμὸν μὲν ἀπορρῖψαι, φιλότητα δʼ ἑλέσθαι·","translation":"had cast off his wrath and chosen friendship instead;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l282.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μηνιθμὸν μὲν ἀπορρῖψαι","title":"The Trojans misread the armor","body":"Seeing Achilles' armor, the Trojans assume Achilles himself has abandoned his long withdrawal and restored fellowship with the Achaeans. Their mistaken belief drives the sudden wavering of the ranks."}],"words":[{"surface":"μηνιθμὸν","lemma":"μηνιθμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπορρῖψαι","gloss":"wrath"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀπορρῖψαι","lemma":"ἀπορρίπτω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"had cast off"},{"surface":"φιλότητα","lemma":"φιλότης","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἑλέσθαι","gloss":"friendship"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑλέσθαι","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"chosen"}]},{"number":283,"label":"283","id":"b16-l283","source":"πάπτηνεν δὲ ἕκαστος ὅπῃ φύγοι αἰπὺν ὄλεθρον.","translation":"and each man glanced about for where he might flee sheer destruction.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l283.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάπτηνεν","lemma":"παπταίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"glanced about"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕκαστος","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of πάπτηνεν","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"ὅπῃ","lemma":"ὅπη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕκαστος","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"φύγοι","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of πάπτηνεν","gloss":"he might flee"},{"surface":"αἰπὺν","lemma":"αἰπύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄλεθρον","gloss":"sheer"},{"surface":"ὄλεθρον","lemma":"ὄλεθρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φύγοι","gloss":"destruction"}]},{"number":284,"label":"284","id":"b16-l284","source":"Πάτροκλος δὲ πρῶτος ἀκόντισε δουρὶ φαεινῷ","translation":"Patroclus was first to cast his gleaming spear","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l284.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πάτροκλος","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀκόντισε","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πρῶτος","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ἀκόντισε","lemma":"ἀκοντίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀκόντισε","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"φαεινῷ","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δουρὶ","gloss":"gleaming"}]},{"number":285,"label":"285","id":"b16-l285","source":"ἀντικρὺ κατὰ μέσσον, ὅθι πλεῖστοι κλονέοντο,","translation":"straight into the center, where the greatest throng surged,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l285.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀντικρὺ","lemma":"ἀντικρύ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀκόντισε","gloss":"straight through"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"μέσσον","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"into the middle"},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κλονέοντο","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"πλεῖστοι","lemma":"πλεῖστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of κλονέοντο","gloss":"greatest number"},{"surface":"κλονέοντο","lemma":"κλονέω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing μέσσον","gloss":"were thrown into confusion"}]},{"number":286,"label":"286","id":"b16-l286","source":"νηῒ πάρα πρυμνῇ μεγαθύμου Πρωτεσιλάου,","translation":"beside the stern of great-hearted Protesilaus' ship,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l286.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηῒ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to πάρα","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"πάρα","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"πρυμνῇ","lemma":"πρυμνός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῒ","gloss":"the stern"},{"surface":"μεγαθύμου","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πρωτεσιλάου","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"Πρωτεσιλάου","lemma":"Πρωτεσίλαος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies νηῒ","gloss":"Protesilaus'"}]},{"number":287,"label":"287","id":"b16-l287","source":"καὶ βάλε Πυραίχμην, ὃς Παίονας ἱπποκορυστὰς","translation":"and struck Pyraechmes, commander of the chariot-warrior Paeonians","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l287.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἱπποκορυστὰς","title":"Warriors armed with horses","body":"The compound ἱπποκορυστάς describes the Paeonians through their equipment for horse or chariot warfare. It does not mean that every warrior here is fighting on horseback."}],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"Πυραίχμην","lemma":"Πυραίχμης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"Pyraechmes"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἤγαγεν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"Παίονας","lemma":"Παίων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἤγαγεν","gloss":"Paeonians"},{"surface":"ἱπποκορυστὰς","lemma":"ἱπποκορυστής","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies Παίονας","gloss":"chariot-fighters"}]},{"number":288,"label":"288","id":"b16-l288","source":"ἤγαγεν ἐξ Ἀμυδῶνος ἀπʼ Ἀξιοῦ εὐρὺ ῥέοντος·","translation":"he had led from Amydon beside the broad-flowing Axius.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l288.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤγαγεν","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Πυραίχμην","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Ἀμυδῶνος","lemma":"Ἀμυδών","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"Amydon"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Ἀξιοῦ","lemma":"Ἀξιός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπ̓","gloss":"the Axius"},{"surface":"εὐρὺ","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ῥέοντος","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"ῥέοντος","lemma":"ῥέω","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifies Ἀξιοῦ","gloss":"flowing"}]},{"number":289,"label":"289","id":"b16-l289","source":"τὸν βάλε δεξιὸν ὦμον· ὃ δʼ ὕπτιος ἐν κονίῃσι","translation":"He struck his right shoulder; backward into the dust","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l289.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"δεξιὸν","lemma":"δεξιός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὦμον","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"ὦμον","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to βάλε","gloss":"shoulder"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κάππεσεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὕπτιος","lemma":"ὕπτιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"backward"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"κονίῃσι","lemma":"κονία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"the dust"}]},{"number":290,"label":"290","id":"b16-l290","source":"κάππεσεν οἰμώξας, ἕταροι δέ μιν ἀμφεφόβηθεν","translation":"he fell with a groan, and his Paeonian comrades scattered","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l290.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κάππεσεν","lemma":"καταπίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"οἰμώξας","lemma":"οἰμώζω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κάππεσεν","gloss":"groaned aloud"},{"surface":"ἕταροι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"comrades"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀμφεφόβηθεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἀμφεφόβηθεν","lemma":"ἀμφιφοβέομαι","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"scattered"}]},{"number":291,"label":"291","id":"b16-l291","source":"Παίονες· ἐν γὰρ Πάτροκλος φόβον ἧκεν ἅπασιν","translation":"around him; for Patroclus cast panic among them all","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l291.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Παίονες","lemma":"Παίων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Paeonians"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Πάτροκλος","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἧκεν","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"φόβον","lemma":"φόβος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἧκεν","gloss":"panic"},{"surface":"ἧκεν","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"ἅπασιν","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἧκεν","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":292,"label":"292","id":"b16-l292","source":"ἡγεμόνα κτείνας, ὃς ἀριστεύεσκε μάχεσθαι.","translation":"by killing their leader, their finest man in battle.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l292.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡγεμόνα","lemma":"ἡγεμών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κτείνας","gloss":"leader"},{"surface":"κτείνας","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἧκεν","gloss":"killing"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀριστεύεσκε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ἀριστεύεσκε","lemma":"ἀριστεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἡγεμόνα","gloss":"was ever foremost"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἀριστεύεσκε","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":293,"label":"293","id":"b16-l293","source":"ἐκ νηῶν δʼ ἔλασεν, κατὰ δʼ ἔσβεσεν αἰθόμενον πῦρ.","translation":"He drove them from the ships and quenched the blazing fire.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l293.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔλασεν","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔσβεσεν","lemma":"σβέννυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"quenched"},{"surface":"αἰθόμενον","lemma":"αἴθω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifies πῦρ","gloss":"blazing"},{"surface":"πῦρ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔσβεσεν","gloss":"fire"}]},{"number":294,"label":"294","id":"b16-l294","source":"ἡμιδαὴς δʼ ἄρα νηῦς λίπετʼ αὐτόθι· τοὶ δὲ φόβηθεν","translation":"The half-burned ship remained there, while the Trojans fled","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l294.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμιδαὴς","lemma":"ἡμιδαής","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῦς","gloss":"half-burned"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"νηῦς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of λίπετ̓","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"λίπετ","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"remained"},{"surface":"αὐτόθι","lemma":"αὐτόθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λίπετ̓","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies Τρῶες","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"φόβηθεν","lemma":"φοβέω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fled in rout"}]},{"number":295,"label":"295","id":"b16-l295","source":"Τρῶες θεσπεσίῳ ὁμάδῳ· Δαναοὶ δʼ ἐπέχυντο","translation":"with unearthly din; the Danaans poured","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l295.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of φόβηθεν","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"θεσπεσίῳ","lemma":"θεσπέσιος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὁμάδῳ","gloss":"wondrous"},{"surface":"ὁμάδῳ","lemma":"ὅμαδος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φόβηθεν","gloss":"roar"},{"surface":"Δαναοὶ","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπέχυντο","gloss":"the Danaans"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπέχυντο","lemma":"ἐπιχέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured upon them"}]},{"number":296,"label":"296","id":"b16-l296","source":"νῆας ἀνὰ γλαφυράς· ὅμαδος δʼ ἀλίαστος ἐτύχθη.","translation":"among the hollow ships, and unending uproar arose.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l296.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀνὰ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"γλαφυράς","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"ὅμαδος","lemma":"ὅμαδος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐτύχθη","gloss":"uproar"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλίαστος","lemma":"ἀλίαστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὅμαδος","gloss":"unending"},{"surface":"ἐτύχθη","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"arose"}]},{"number":297,"label":"297","id":"b16-l297","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἀφʼ ὑψηλῆς κορυφῆς ὄρεος μεγάλοιο","translation":"As when from the high summit of a great mountain","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l297.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as when","note":"Introduces a simile that runs through line 300."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἀφ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὑψηλῆς","lemma":"ὑψηλός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κορυφῆς","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"κορυφῆς","lemma":"κορυφή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀφ̓","gloss":"peak"},{"surface":"ὄρεος","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies κορυφῆς","gloss":"mountain"},{"surface":"μεγάλοιο","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὄρεος","gloss":"great"}]},{"number":298,"label":"298","id":"b16-l298","source":"κινήσῃ πυκινὴν νεφέλην στεροπηγερέτα Ζεύς,","translation":"Zeus, gatherer of lightning, shifts a dense cloud,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l298.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"στεροπηγερέτα","title":"Zeus and the storm","body":"στεροπηγερέτα is a compact epithet built from στεροπή, “lightning,” and the idea of gathering. The cleared mountain sky that follows makes Zeus the agent of the weather change."}],"words":[{"surface":"κινήσῃ","lemma":"κινέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"stirs"},{"surface":"πυκινὴν","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νεφέλην","gloss":"dense"},{"surface":"νεφέλην","lemma":"νεφέλη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κινήσῃ","gloss":"a cloud"},{"surface":"στεροπηγερέτα","lemma":"στεροπηγερέτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεύς","gloss":"lightning-gatherer"},{"surface":"Ζεύς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κινήσῃ","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":299,"label":"299","id":"b16-l299","source":"ἔκ τʼ ἔφανεν πᾶσαι σκοπιαὶ καὶ πρώονες ἄκροι","translation":"and all the lookout peaks and high headlands stand revealed,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l299.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"forth"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔφανεν","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"stand revealed"},{"surface":"πᾶσαι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies σκοπιαὶ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"σκοπιαὶ","lemma":"σκοπιά","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"lookout peaks"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πρώονες","lemma":"πρών","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"headlands"},{"surface":"ἄκροι","lemma":"ἄκρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πρώονες","gloss":"high"}]},{"number":300,"label":"300","id":"b16-l300","source":"καὶ νάπαι, οὐρανόθεν δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπερράγη ἄσπετος αἰθήρ,","translation":"and the valleys, and boundless upper air breaks open from heaven,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l300.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νάπαι","lemma":"νάπη","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"valleys"},{"surface":"οὐρανόθεν","lemma":"οὐρανόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὑπερράγη","gloss":"from heaven"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὑπερράγη","lemma":"ὑπορρήγνυμι","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"broke open"},{"surface":"ἄσπετος","lemma":"ἄσπετος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies αἰθήρ","gloss":"vast"},{"surface":"αἰθήρ","lemma":"αἰθήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὑπερράγη","gloss":"air"}]},{"number":301,"label":"301","id":"b16-l301","source":"ὣς Δαναοὶ νηῶν μὲν ἀπωσάμενοι δήϊον πῦρ","translation":"so the Danaans, once they had driven the hostile fire from the ships,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l301.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνέπνευσαν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"Δαναοὶ","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνέπνευσαν","gloss":"the Danaans"},{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπωσάμενοι","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀπωσάμενοι","lemma":"ἀπωθέω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀνέπνευσαν","gloss":"having driven away"},{"surface":"δήϊον","lemma":"δάιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πῦρ","gloss":"hostile"},{"surface":"πῦρ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπωσάμενοι","gloss":"fire"}]},{"number":302,"label":"302","id":"b16-l302","source":"τυτθὸν ἀνέπνευσαν, πολέμου δʼ οὐ γίγνετʼ ἐρωή·","translation":"caught breath a little, but there was no pause in the war.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l302.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τυτθὸν","lemma":"τυτθός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀνέπνευσαν","gloss":"a little"},{"surface":"ἀνέπνευσαν","lemma":"ἀναπνέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"caught breath"},{"surface":"πολέμου","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐρωή","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γίγνετ","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ἐρωή","lemma":"ἐρωή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of γίγνετ̓","gloss":"pause"}]},{"number":303,"label":"303","id":"b16-l303","source":"οὐ γάρ πώ τι Τρῶες ἀρηϊφίλων ὑπʼ Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"For not yet, before the war-loving Achaeans, had the Trojans","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l303.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πώ","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to φοβέοντο","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of φοβέοντο","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἀρηϊφίλων","lemma":"ἀρηίφιλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιῶν","gloss":"war-loving"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ὑπ̓","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":304,"label":"304","id":"b16-l304","source":"προτροπάδην φοβέοντο μελαινάων ἀπὸ νηῶν,","translation":"fled headlong away from the black ships,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l304.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"προτροπάδην","lemma":"προτροπάδην","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φοβέοντο","gloss":"headlong"},{"surface":"φοβέοντο","lemma":"φοβέω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were fleeing"},{"surface":"μελαινάων","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῶν","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπὸ","gloss":"ships"}]},{"number":305,"label":"305","id":"b16-l305","source":"ἀλλʼ ἔτʼ ἄρʼ ἀνθίσταντο, νεῶν δʼ ὑπόεικον ἀνάγκῃ.","translation":"but still stood against them, yielding from the ships only under force.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l305.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"ἀνθίσταντο","lemma":"ἀνθίστημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood against"},{"surface":"νεῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπόεικον","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὑπόεικον","lemma":"ὑπείκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"yielded"},{"surface":"ἀνάγκῃ","lemma":"ἀνάγκη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπόεικον","gloss":"by force"}]},{"number":306,"label":"306","id":"b16-l306","source":"ἔνθα δʼ ἀνὴρ ἕλεν ἄνδρα κεδασθείσης ὑσμίνης","translation":"There man slew man as the battle scattered.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l306.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κεδασθείσης ὑσμίνης","title":"The battle breaks apart","body":"κεδασθείσης ὑσμίνης marks a change from massed fighting to scattered single combats. Homer now follows the leaders through a rapid sequence of paired kills."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕλεν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕλεν","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἕλεν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slew"},{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕλεν","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"κεδασθείσης","lemma":"κεδάννυμι","morphology":"aorist passive participle, genitive singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἕλεν","gloss":"scattered"},{"surface":"ὑσμίνης","lemma":"ὑσμίνη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"subject of κεδασθείσης","gloss":"battle"}]},{"number":307,"label":"307","id":"b16-l307","source":"ἡγεμόνων. πρῶτος δὲ Μενοιτίου ἄλκιμος υἱὸς","translation":"Among the leaders, the mighty son of Menoetius was first:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l307.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡγεμόνων","lemma":"ἡγεμών","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄνδρα","gloss":"among the leaders"},{"surface":"πρῶτος","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μενοιτίου","lemma":"Μενοίτιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Menoetius"},{"surface":"ἄλκιμος","lemma":"ἄλκιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βάλε","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":308,"label":"308","id":"b16-l308","source":"αὐτίκʼ ἄρα στρεφθέντος Ἀρηϊλύκου βάλε μηρὸν","translation":"as Areilycus turned, he struck him at once in the thigh","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l308.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκ","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to στρεφθέντος","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"στρεφθέντος","lemma":"στρέφω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifies Ἀρηϊλύκου","gloss":"as he turned"},{"surface":"Ἀρηϊλύκου","lemma":"Ἀρηίλυκος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μηρὸν","gloss":"of Areilycus"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"μηρὸν","lemma":"μηρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"thigh"}]},{"number":309,"label":"309","id":"b16-l309","source":"ἔγχεϊ ὀξυόεντι, διὰ πρὸ δὲ χαλκὸν ἔλασσε·","translation":"with his sharp spear and drove the bronze clean through.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l309.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"διὰ πρὸ δὲ χαλκὸν ἔλασσε","title":"Bronze for the spearhead","body":"χαλκόν names the bronze spearhead by its material. Homer keeps the blow physical: the point passes through the thigh before the spear breaks the bone."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔγχεϊ","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to βάλε","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"ὀξυόεντι","lemma":"ὀξυόεις","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχεϊ","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"πρὸ","lemma":"πρό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χαλκὸν","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of διὰ","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ἔλασσε","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove"}]},{"number":310,"label":"310","id":"b16-l310","source":"ῥῆξεν δʼ ὀστέον ἔγχος, ὃ δὲ πρηνὴς ἐπὶ γαίῃ","translation":"The spear broke the bone, and face-first upon the ground","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l310.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥῆξεν","lemma":"ῥήγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"broke"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀστέον","lemma":"ὀστέον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ῥῆξεν","gloss":"bone"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ῥῆξεν","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κάππεσ̓","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πρηνὴς","lemma":"πρηνής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"headfirst"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"γαίῃ","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ground"}]},{"number":311,"label":"311","id":"b16-l311","source":"κάππεσʼ· ἀτὰρ Μενέλαος ἀρήϊος οὖτα Θόαντα","translation":"he fell. Then warlike Menelaus struck Thoas","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l311.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κάππεσ","lemma":"καταπίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Μενέλαος","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of οὖτα","gloss":"Menelaus"},{"surface":"ἀρήϊος","lemma":"ἄρειος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενέλαος","gloss":"warlike"},{"surface":"οὖτα","lemma":"οὐτάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"Θόαντα","lemma":"Θόας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of οὖτα","gloss":"Thoas"}]},{"number":312,"label":"312","id":"b16-l312","source":"στέρνον γυμνωθέντα παρʼ ἀσπίδα, λῦσε δὲ γυῖα.","translation":"in the chest bared beside the shield, and loosed his limbs.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l312.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"στέρνον γυμνωθέντα παρʼ ἀσπίδα","title":"The shield's opening","body":"The participle γυμνωθέντα marks the part of Thoas's chest left uncovered beside his shield. The same Greek line returns at 16.400 and must carry the same English wording."}],"words":[{"surface":"στέρνον","lemma":"στέρνον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to οὖτα","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"γυμνωθέντα","lemma":"γυμνόω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies στέρνον","gloss":"laid bare"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"ἀσπίδα","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παῤ","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"λῦσε","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"loosed"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γυῖα","lemma":"γυῖον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of λῦσε","gloss":"limbs"}]},{"number":313,"label":"313","id":"b16-l313","source":"Φυλεΐδης δʼ Ἄμφικλον ἐφορμηθέντα δοκεύσας","translation":"The son of Phyleus watched Amphiclus rush upon him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l313.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Φυλεΐδης","lemma":"Φυλείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔφθη","gloss":"son of Phyleus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἄμφικλον","lemma":"Ἄμφικλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δοκεύσας","gloss":"Amphiclus"},{"surface":"ἐφορμηθέντα","lemma":"ἐφορμάω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies Ἄμφικλον","gloss":"rushing upon him"},{"surface":"δοκεύσας","lemma":"δοκεύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔφθη","gloss":"watched"}]},{"number":314,"label":"314","id":"b16-l314","source":"ἔφθη ὀρεξάμενος πρυμνὸν σκέλος, ἔνθα πάχιστος","translation":"and reached him first in the upper leg, where a man's","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l314.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔφθη","lemma":"φθάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was first"},{"surface":"ὀρεξάμενος","lemma":"ὀρέγω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"object of ἔφθη","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"πρυμνὸν","lemma":"πρυμνός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σκέλος","gloss":"upper"},{"surface":"σκέλος","lemma":"σκέλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὀρεξάμενος","gloss":"leg"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πέλεται","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"πάχιστος","lemma":"παχύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"stout"}]},{"number":315,"label":"315","id":"b16-l315","source":"μυὼν ἀνθρώπου πέλεται· περὶ δʼ ἔγχεος αἰχμῇ","translation":"muscle is thickest; around the spearpoint","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l315.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μυὼν","lemma":"μυών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πέλεται","gloss":"muscle"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπου","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μυὼν","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"πέλεται","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing σκέλος","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔγχεος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies αἰχμῇ","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"αἰχμῇ","lemma":"αἰχμή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"spearpoint"}]},{"number":316,"label":"316","id":"b16-l316","source":"νεῦρα διεσχίσθη· τὸν δὲ σκότος ὄσσε κάλυψε.","translation":"the tendons split apart, and darkness covered his eyes.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l316.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νεῦρα διεσχίσθη","title":"Anatomy of the blow","body":"νεῦρα denotes the sinews or tendons around the thick muscle of the upper leg. The spear tears them apart rather than merely wounding Amphiclus in a general way."}],"words":[{"surface":"νεῦρα","lemma":"νεῦρον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of διεσχίσθη","gloss":"tendons"},{"surface":"διεσχίσθη","lemma":"διασχίζω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"split apart"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κάλυψε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σκότος","lemma":"σκότος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κάλυψε","gloss":"darkness"},{"surface":"ὄσσε","lemma":"ὄσσα","morphology":"accusative dual neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κάλυψε","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"κάλυψε","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"covered"}]},{"number":317,"label":"317","id":"b16-l317","source":"Νεστορίδαι δʼ ὃ μὲν οὔτασʼ Ἀτύμνιον ὀξέϊ δουρὶ","translation":"Of Nestor's sons, one struck Atymnius with his sharp spear—","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l317.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Νεστορίδαι","lemma":"Νεστορίδης","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"sons of Nestor"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies Ἀντίλοχος","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"οὔτασ","lemma":"οὐτάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"Ἀτύμνιον","lemma":"Ἀτύμνιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of οὔτασ̓","gloss":"Atymnius"},{"surface":"ὀξέϊ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δουρὶ","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to οὔτασ̓","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":318,"label":"318","id":"b16-l318","source":"Ἀντίλοχος, λαπάρης δὲ διήλασε χάλκεον ἔγχος·","translation":"Antilochus—and drove the bronze spear through his flank.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l318.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντίλοχος","lemma":"Ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of οὔτασ̓","gloss":"Antilochus"},{"surface":"λαπάρης","lemma":"λαπάρα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of διήλασε","gloss":"flank"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"διήλασε","lemma":"διελαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove through"},{"surface":"χάλκεον","lemma":"χάλκεος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of διήλασε","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":319,"label":"319","id":"b16-l319","source":"ἤριπε δὲ προπάροιθε. Μάρις δʼ αὐτοσχεδὰ δουρὶ","translation":"He fell before him. Maris then with his spear at close quarters","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l319.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤριπε","lemma":"ἐρείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"προπάροιθε","lemma":"προπάροιθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤριπε","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"Μάρις","lemma":"Μάρις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπόρουσε","gloss":"Maris"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὐτοσχεδὰ","lemma":"αὐτοσχεδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπόρουσε","gloss":"at close quarters"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπόρουσε","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":320,"label":"320","id":"b16-l320","source":"Ἀντιλόχῳ ἐπόρουσε κασιγνήτοιο χολωθεὶς","translation":"sprang upon Antilochus, enraged for his brother,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l320.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντιλόχῳ","lemma":"Ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπόρουσε","gloss":"Antilochus"},{"surface":"ἐπόρουσε","lemma":"ἐπορούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sprang"},{"surface":"κασιγνήτοιο","lemma":"κασίγνητος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of χολωθεὶς","gloss":"brother"},{"surface":"χολωθεὶς","lemma":"χολόω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπόρουσε","gloss":"enraged"}]},{"number":321,"label":"321","id":"b16-l321","source":"στὰς πρόσθεν νέκυος· τοῦ δʼ ἀντίθεος Θρασυμήδης","translation":"and stood before the corpse; but godlike Thrasymedes","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l321.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στὰς","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπόρουσε","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"πρόσθεν","lemma":"πρόσθεν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"νέκυος","lemma":"νέκυς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πρόσθεν","gloss":"the corpse"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὀρεξάμενος","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀντίθεος","lemma":"ἀντίθεος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Θρασυμήδης","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Θρασυμήδης","lemma":"Θρασυμήδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔφθη","gloss":"Thrasymedes"}]},{"number":322,"label":"322","id":"b16-l322","source":"ἔφθη ὀρεξάμενος πρὶν οὐτάσαι, οὐδʼ ἀφάμαρτεν,","translation":"reached him first, before he could strike, and did not miss","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l322.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔφθη","lemma":"φθάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reached first"},{"surface":"ὀρεξάμενος","lemma":"ὀρέγω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"object of ἔφθη","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"οὐτάσαι","lemma":"οὐτάζω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to πρὶν","gloss":"to wound"},{"surface":"ἀφάμαρτεν","lemma":"ἀφαμαρτάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did not miss"}]},{"number":323,"label":"323","id":"b16-l323","source":"ὦμον ἄφαρ· πρυμνὸν δὲ βραχίονα δουρὸς ἀκωκὴ","translation":"his shoulder at once; at the base of the upper arm, the spearpoint","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l323.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦμον","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὀρεξάμενος","gloss":"shoulder"},{"surface":"ἄφαρ","lemma":"ἄφαρ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀρεξάμενος","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"πρυμνὸν","lemma":"πρυμνός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies βραχίονα","gloss":"at the base"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βραχίονα","lemma":"βραχίων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δρύψ̓","gloss":"arm"},{"surface":"δουρὸς","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ἀκωκὴ","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"ἀκωκὴ","lemma":"ἀκωκή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δρύψ̓","gloss":"point"}]},{"number":324,"label":"324","id":"b16-l324","source":"δρύψʼ ἀπὸ μυώνων, ἀπὸ δʼ ὀστέον ἄχρις ἄραξε·","translation":"tore it from the muscles and shattered the bone completely.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l324.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δρύψ","lemma":"δρύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tore"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"μυώνων","lemma":"μυών","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"muscle"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀστέον","lemma":"ὀστέον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἄραξε","gloss":"bone"},{"surface":"ἄχρις","lemma":"ἄχρι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄραξε","gloss":"utterly"},{"surface":"ἄραξε","lemma":"ἀράσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shattered"}]},{"number":325,"label":"325","id":"b16-l325","source":"δούπησεν δὲ πεσών, κατὰ δὲ σκότος ὄσσε κάλυψεν.","translation":"He fell with a thud, and darkness covered his eyes.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l325.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δούπησεν","lemma":"δουπέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell with a thud"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πεσών","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δούπησεν","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σκότος","lemma":"σκότος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κάλυψεν","gloss":"darkness"},{"surface":"ὄσσε","lemma":"ὄσσα","morphology":"accusative dual neuter noun","role":"object of κάλυψεν","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"κάλυψεν","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"covered"}]},{"number":326,"label":"326","id":"b16-l326","source":"ὣς τὼ μὲν δοιοῖσι κασιγνήτοισι δαμέντε","translation":"So those two brothers, subdued by two brothers,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l326.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βήτην","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"those two"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δοιοῖσι","lemma":"δοιοί","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κασιγνήτοισι","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"κασιγνήτοισι","lemma":"κασίγνητος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δαμέντε","gloss":"brothers"},{"surface":"δαμέντε","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to βήτην","gloss":"subdued"}]},{"number":327,"label":"327","id":"b16-l327","source":"βήτην εἰς Ἔρεβος Σαρπηδόνος ἐσθλοὶ ἑταῖροι","translation":"went down to Erebus, noble companions of Sarpedon,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l327.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βήτην","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"Ἔρεβος","lemma":"Ἔρεβος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"Erebus"},{"surface":"Σαρπηδόνος","lemma":"Σαρπηδών","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἑταῖροι","gloss":"Sarpedon"},{"surface":"ἐσθλοὶ","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖροι","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"ἑταῖροι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":328,"label":"328","id":"b16-l328","source":"υἷες ἀκοντισταὶ Ἀμισωδάρου, ὅς ῥα Χίμαιραν","translation":"javelin-fighting sons of Amisodarus, who had reared","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l328.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"υἷες","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"ἀκοντισταὶ","lemma":"ἀκοντιστής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies υἷες","gloss":"javelin-fighters"},{"surface":"Ἀμισωδάρου","lemma":"Ἀμισώδαρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἷες","gloss":"Amisodarus"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of θρέψεν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Χίμαιραν","lemma":"Χίμαιρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of θρέψεν","gloss":"Chimera"}]},{"number":329,"label":"329","id":"b16-l329","source":"θρέψεν ἀμαιμακέτην πολέσιν κακὸν ἀνθρώποισιν.","translation":"the raging Chimera, a bane to many men.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l329.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θρέψεν","lemma":"τρέφω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἀμισωδάρου","gloss":"reared"},{"surface":"ἀμαιμακέτην","lemma":"ἀμαιμάκετος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Χίμαιραν","gloss":"raging"},{"surface":"πολέσιν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνθρώποισιν","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώποισιν","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κακὸν","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":330,"label":"330","id":"b16-l330","source":"Αἴας δὲ Κλεόβουλον Ὀϊλιάδης ἐπορούσας","translation":"Ajax, son of Oileus, sprang upon Cleobulus","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l330.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕλε","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Κλεόβουλον","lemma":"Κλεόβουλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕλε","gloss":"Cleobulus"},{"surface":"Ὀϊλιάδης","lemma":"Ὀιλιάδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"son of Oileus"},{"surface":"ἐπορούσας","lemma":"ἐπορούω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕλε","gloss":"sprang"}]},{"number":331,"label":"331","id":"b16-l331","source":"ζωὸν ἕλε βλαφθέντα κατὰ κλόνον· ἀλλά οἱ αὖθι","translation":"and took him alive, entangled in the rout; but there","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l331.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ζωὸν","lemma":"ζωός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alive"},{"surface":"ἕλε","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"βλαφθέντα","lemma":"βλάπτω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies Κλεόβουλον","gloss":"entangled"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κλόνον","lemma":"κλόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"tumult"},{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"αὖθι","lemma":"αὖθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λῦσε","gloss":"there"}]},{"number":332,"label":"332","id":"b16-l332","source":"λῦσε μένος πλήξας ξίφει αὐχένα κωπήεντι.","translation":"he loosed his strength with a blow of his hilted sword to the neck.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l332.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λῦσε","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"loosed"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of λῦσε","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"πλήξας","lemma":"πλήσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to λῦσε","gloss":"after striking"},{"surface":"ξίφει","lemma":"ξίφος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to πλήξας","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"αὐχένα","lemma":"αὐχήν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πλήξας","gloss":"neck"},{"surface":"κωπήεντι","lemma":"κωπήεις","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ξίφει","gloss":"hilted"}]},{"number":333,"label":"333","id":"b16-l333","source":"πᾶν δʼ ὑπεθερμάνθη ξίφος αἵματι· τὸν δὲ κατʼ ὄσσε","translation":"The whole sword grew hot with blood; over his eyes","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l333.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πᾶν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ξίφος","gloss":"the whole"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπεθερμάνθη","lemma":"ὑποθερμαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grew hot"},{"surface":"ξίφος","lemma":"ξίφος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ὑπεθερμάνθη","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"αἵματι","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὑπεθερμάνθη","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔλλαβε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ὄσσε","lemma":"ὄσσα","morphology":"accusative dual neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κατ̓","gloss":"eyes"}]},{"number":334,"label":"334","id":"b16-l334","source":"ἔλλαβε πορφύρεος θάνατος καὶ μοῖρα κραταιή.","translation":"came purple death and mighty fate.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l334.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πορφύρεος θάνατος","title":"Death colored by blood","body":"πορφύρεος θάνατος is a recurring Homeric death-image. Here the “purple” death follows at once upon the sword heated and drenched with Cleobulus's blood."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔλλαβε","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized"},{"surface":"πορφύρεος","lemma":"πορφύρεος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θάνατος","gloss":"purple"},{"surface":"θάνατος","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοῖρα","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"fate"},{"surface":"κραταιή","lemma":"κραταιός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μοῖρα","gloss":"mighty"}]},{"number":335,"label":"335","id":"b16-l335","source":"Πηνέλεως δὲ Λύκων τε συνέδραμον· ἔγχεσι μὲν γὰρ","translation":"Peneleos and Lycon met; with spears","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l335.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πηνέλεως","lemma":"Πηνέλεως","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Peneleos"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Λύκων","lemma":"Λύκων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Lycon"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"συνέδραμον","lemma":"συντρέχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"met"},{"surface":"ἔγχεσι","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἤμβροτον","gloss":"spears"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"}]},{"number":336,"label":"336","id":"b16-l336","source":"ἤμβροτον ἀλλήλων, μέλεον δʼ ἠκόντισαν ἄμφω·","translation":"they missed each other, and both had cast in vain.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l336.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤμβροτον","lemma":"ἁμαρτάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"missed"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλων","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἤμβροτον","gloss":"each other"},{"surface":"μέλεον","lemma":"μέλεος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἠκόντισαν","gloss":"uselessly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠκόντισαν","lemma":"ἀκοντίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"ἄμφω","lemma":"ἄμφω","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἠκόντισαν","gloss":"both"}]},{"number":337,"label":"337","id":"b16-l337","source":"τὼ δʼ αὖτις ξιφέεσσι συνέδραμον. ἔνθα Λύκων μὲν","translation":"Then once again they met with swords; there Lycon","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l337.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of συνέδραμον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to συνέδραμον","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ξιφέεσσι","lemma":"ξίφος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to συνέδραμον","gloss":"swords"},{"surface":"συνέδραμον","lemma":"συντρέχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"met"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"Λύκων","lemma":"Λύκων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤλασεν","gloss":"Lycon"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"}]},{"number":338,"label":"338","id":"b16-l338","source":"ἱπποκόμου κόρυθος φάλον ἤλασεν, ἀμφὶ δὲ καυλὸν","translation":"struck the ridge of the horsehair-plumed helmet, but around the hilt","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l338.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἱπποκόμου","lemma":"ἱππόκομος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κόρυθος","gloss":"horse-haired"},{"surface":"κόρυθος","lemma":"κόρυς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies φάλον","gloss":"helmet"},{"surface":"φάλον","lemma":"φάλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἤλασεν","gloss":"ridge"},{"surface":"ἤλασεν","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"καυλὸν","lemma":"καυλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"hilt"}]},{"number":339,"label":"339","id":"b16-l339","source":"φάσγανον ἐρραίσθη· ὃ δʼ ὑπʼ οὔατος αὐχένα θεῖνε","translation":"his sword shattered; Peneleos struck his neck beneath the ear,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l339.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φάσγανον","lemma":"φάσγανον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐρραίσθη","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"ἐρραίσθη","lemma":"ῥαίω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shattered"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies Πηνέλεως","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"οὔατος","lemma":"οὖς","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπ̓","gloss":"ear"},{"surface":"αὐχένα","lemma":"αὐχήν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of θεῖνε","gloss":"neck"},{"surface":"θεῖνε","lemma":"θείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"}]},{"number":340,"label":"340","id":"b16-l340","source":"Πηνέλεως, πᾶν δʼ εἴσω ἔδυ ξίφος, ἔσχεθε δʼ οἶον","translation":"and the whole sword sank in. The skin alone held fast,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l340.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πηνέλεως","lemma":"Πηνέλεως","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θεῖνε","gloss":"Peneleos"},{"surface":"πᾶν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ξίφος","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἴσω","lemma":"εἴσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔδυ","gloss":"inward"},{"surface":"ἔδυ","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sank"},{"surface":"ξίφος","lemma":"ξίφος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔδυ","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"ἔσχεθε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἶον","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"}]},{"number":341,"label":"341","id":"b16-l341","source":"δέρμα, παρηέρθη δὲ κάρη, ὑπέλυντο δὲ γυῖα.","translation":"his head hung to one side, and his limbs gave way.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l341.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"παρηέρθη δὲ κάρη","title":"The nearly severed neck","body":"Homer does not soften the wound: οἶον δέρμα means that only the skin still holds Lycon's head. The English preserves its hanging angle and the collapse of his body."}],"words":[{"surface":"δέρμα","lemma":"δέρμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔσχεθε","gloss":"hide"},{"surface":"παρηέρθη","lemma":"παραείρω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hung aside"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κάρη","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of παρηέρθη","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"ὑπέλυντο","lemma":"ὑπολύω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"unstrung"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γυῖα","lemma":"γυῖον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ὑπέλυντο","gloss":"limbs"}]},{"number":342,"label":"342","id":"b16-l342","source":"Μηριόνης δʼ Ἀκάμαντα κιχεὶς ποσὶ καρπαλίμοισι","translation":"Meriones overtook Acamas on swift feet and struck him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l342.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μηριόνης","lemma":"Μηριόνης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of νύξ̓","gloss":"Meriones"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀκάμαντα","lemma":"Ἀκάμας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κιχεὶς","gloss":"Acamas"},{"surface":"κιχεὶς","lemma":"κιχάνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to νύξ̓","gloss":"overtook"},{"surface":"ποσὶ","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κιχεὶς","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"καρπαλίμοισι","lemma":"καρπάλιμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποσὶ","gloss":"swiftly"}]},{"number":343,"label":"343","id":"b16-l343","source":"νύξʼ ἵππων ἐπιβησόμενον κατὰ δεξιὸν ὦμον·","translation":"in the right shoulder as he was about to mount behind his horses;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l343.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νύξ","lemma":"νύσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stabbed"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπιβησόμενον","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"ἐπιβησόμενον","lemma":"ἐπιβαίνω","morphology":"future middle participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies Ἀκάμαντα","gloss":"about to mount"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δεξιὸν","lemma":"δεξιός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὦμον","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"ὦμον","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"shoulder"}]},{"number":344,"label":"344","id":"b16-l344","source":"ἤριπε δʼ ἐξ ὀχέων, κατὰ δʼ ὀφθαλμῶν κέχυτʼ ἀχλύς.","translation":"he fell from the chariot, and mist poured down over his eyes.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l344.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤριπε","lemma":"ἐρείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὀχέων","lemma":"ὄχος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμῶν","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"κέχυτ","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured"},{"surface":"ἀχλύς","lemma":"ἀχλύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of κέχυτ̓","gloss":"a mist"}]},{"number":345,"label":"345","id":"b16-l345","source":"Ἰδομενεὺς δʼ Ἐρύμαντα κατὰ στόμα νηλέϊ χαλκῷ","translation":"Idomeneus, at Erymas' mouth with pitiless bronze,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l345.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἰδομενεὺς","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of νύξε","gloss":"Idomeneus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἐρύμαντα","lemma":"Ἐρύμας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of νύξε","gloss":"Erymas"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στόμα","lemma":"στόμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"mouth"},{"surface":"νηλέϊ","lemma":"νηλής","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκῷ","gloss":"pitiless"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to νύξε","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":346,"label":"346","id":"b16-l346","source":"νύξε· τὸ δʼ ἀντικρὺ δόρυ χάλκεον ἐξεπέρησε","translation":"stabbed; the bronze spear passed straight through","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l346.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νύξε","lemma":"νύσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stabbed"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter article","role":"modifies δόρυ","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀντικρὺ","lemma":"ἀντικρύ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐξεπέρησε","gloss":"straight through"},{"surface":"δόρυ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐξεπέρησε","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"χάλκεον","lemma":"χάλκεος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δόρυ","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ἐξεπέρησε","lemma":"ἐκπεράω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went through"}]},{"number":347,"label":"347","id":"b16-l347","source":"νέρθεν ὑπʼ ἐγκεφάλοιο, κέασσε δʼ ἄρʼ ὀστέα λευκά·","translation":"beneath the brain and split the white bones.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l347.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νέρθεν","lemma":"ἔνερθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐξεπέρησε","gloss":"from beneath"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"ἐγκεφάλοιο","lemma":"ἐγκέφαλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπ̓","gloss":"brain"},{"surface":"κέασσε","lemma":"κεάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"split"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὀστέα","lemma":"ὀστέον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of κέασσε","gloss":"bones"},{"surface":"λευκά","lemma":"λευκός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὀστέα","gloss":"white"}]},{"number":348,"label":"348","id":"b16-l348","source":"ἐκ δʼ ἐτίναχθεν ὀδόντες, ἐνέπλησθεν δέ οἱ ἄμφω","translation":"His teeth were shaken out, and both his eyes","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l348.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐτίναχθεν","lemma":"τινάσσω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were shaken out"},{"surface":"ὀδόντες","lemma":"ὀδούς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐτίναχθεν","gloss":"teeth"},{"surface":"ἐνέπλησθεν","lemma":"ἐμπίπλημι","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"filled"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὀφθαλμοί","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἄμφω","lemma":"ἄμφω","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀφθαλμοί","gloss":"both"}]},{"number":349,"label":"349","id":"b16-l349","source":"αἵματος ὀφθαλμοί· τὸ δʼ ἀνὰ στόμα καὶ κατὰ ῥῖνας","translation":"filled with blood; through mouth and nostrils","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l349.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἵματος","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐνέπλησθεν","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμοί","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐνέπλησθεν","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of πρῆσε","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"στόμα","lemma":"στόμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀνὰ","gloss":"mouth"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ῥῖνας","lemma":"ῥίς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"nostrils"}]},{"number":350,"label":"350","id":"b16-l350","source":"πρῆσε χανών· θανάτου δὲ μέλαν νέφος ἀμφεκάλυψεν.","translation":"he blew it out as he gaped, and death's black cloud enfolded him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l350.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θανάτου δὲ μέλαν νέφος","title":"Death as a covering cloud","body":"The phrase θανάτου μέλαν νέφος makes death a black cloud closing around Erymas. It ends a wound sequence whose blood and shattered bone Homer has described without omission."}],"words":[{"surface":"πρῆσε","lemma":"πρήθω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"blew out"},{"surface":"χανών","lemma":"χάσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πρῆσε","gloss":"gaping"},{"surface":"θανάτου","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies νέφος","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέλαν","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies νέφος","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"νέφος","lemma":"νέφος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἀμφεκάλυψεν","gloss":"cloud"},{"surface":"ἀμφεκάλυψεν","lemma":"ἀμφικαλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"enfolded"}]},{"number":351,"label":"351","id":"b16-l351","source":"οὗτοι ἄρʼ ἡγεμόνες Δαναῶν ἕλον ἄνδρα ἕκαστος.","translation":"So these leaders of the Danaans each killed his man.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l351.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὗτοι","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἡγεμόνες","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἡγεμόνες","lemma":"ἡγεμών","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕλον","gloss":"leaders"},{"surface":"Δαναῶν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἡγεμόνες","gloss":"of the Danaans"},{"surface":"ἕλον","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕλον","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἕκαστος","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":352,"label":"352","id":"b16-l352","source":"ὡς δὲ λύκοι ἄρνεσσιν ἐπέχραον ἢ ἐρίφοισι","translation":"As wolves fall upon lambs or kids,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l352.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπέχραον","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λύκοι","lemma":"λύκος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπέχραον","gloss":"wolves"},{"surface":"ἄρνεσσιν","lemma":"ἀρνός","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἢ","gloss":"lambs"},{"surface":"ἐπέχραον","lemma":"ἐπιχράω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"assail"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἐρίφοισι","lemma":"ἔριφος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἢ","gloss":"kids"}]},{"number":353,"label":"353","id":"b16-l353","source":"σίνται ὑπʼ ἐκ μήλων αἱρεύμενοι, αἵ τʼ ἐν ὄρεσσι","translation":"ravagers snatching from the flocks those in the mountains","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l353.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σίνται","lemma":"σίντης","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies λύκοι","gloss":"ravagers"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"μήλων","lemma":"μῆλον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπ̓","gloss":"flocks"},{"surface":"αἱρεύμενοι","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπέχραον","gloss":"snatching"},{"surface":"αἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of διέτμαγεν","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ὄρεσσι","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the mountains"}]},{"number":354,"label":"354","id":"b16-l354","source":"ποιμένος ἀφραδίῃσι διέτμαγεν· οἳ δὲ ἰδόντες","translation":"scattered through the shepherd's folly; when the wolves see them,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l354.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ποιμένος","lemma":"ποιμήν","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀφραδίῃσι","gloss":"shepherd"},{"surface":"ἀφραδίῃσι","lemma":"ἀφραδία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to διέτμαγεν","gloss":"folly"},{"surface":"διέτμαγεν","lemma":"διατμήγω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἢ","gloss":"parted"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of διαρπάζουσιν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἰδόντες","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to διαρπάζουσιν","gloss":"see"}]},{"number":355,"label":"355","id":"b16-l355","source":"αἶψα διαρπάζουσιν ἀνάλκιδα θυμὸν ἐχούσας·","translation":"they quickly tear apart the young whose hearts have no courage;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l355.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διαρπάζουσιν","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"διαρπάζουσιν","lemma":"διαρπάζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"tear apart"},{"surface":"ἀνάλκιδα","lemma":"ἄναλκις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμὸν","gloss":"cowardly"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐχούσας","gloss":"hearts"},{"surface":"ἐχούσας","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of διαρπάζουσιν","gloss":"having"}]},{"number":356,"label":"356","id":"b16-l356","source":"ὣς Δαναοὶ Τρώεσσιν ἐπέχραον· οἳ δὲ φόβοιο","translation":"so the Danaans fell upon the Trojans, and they remembered","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l356.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπέχραον","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"Δαναοὶ","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπέχραον","gloss":"the Danaans"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσιν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπέχραον","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ἐπέχραον","lemma":"ἐπιχράω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell upon"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μνήσαντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φόβοιο","lemma":"φόβος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of μνήσαντο","gloss":"of rout"}]},{"number":357,"label":"357","id":"b16-l357","source":"δυσκελάδου μνήσαντο, λάθοντο δὲ θούριδος ἀλκῆς.","translation":"the harsh din of rout and forgot their furious valor.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l357.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θούριδος ἀλκῆς","title":"Battle courage abandoned","body":"θούριδος ἀλκῆς is the established phrase for furious battle-strength. The Trojans now forget that valor as the wolf simile closes and the rout resumes."}],"words":[{"surface":"δυσκελάδου","lemma":"δυσκέλαδος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies φόβοιο","gloss":"harsh-sounding"},{"surface":"μνήσαντο","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"remembered"},{"surface":"λάθοντο","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"forgot"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θούριδος","lemma":"θοῦρις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλκῆς","gloss":"furious"},{"surface":"ἀλκῆς","lemma":"ἀλκή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of λάθοντο","gloss":"valor"}]},{"number":358,"label":"358","id":"b16-l358","source":"Αἴας δʼ ὃ μέγας αἰὲν ἐφʼ Ἕκτορι χαλκοκορυστῇ","translation":"Great Ajax, always after Hector of the bronze helm,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l358.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἵετ̓","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"μέγας","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"αἰὲν","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵετ̓","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"ἐφ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορι","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐφ̓","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"χαλκοκορυστῇ","lemma":"χαλκοκορυστής","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορι","gloss":"bronze-helmed"}]},{"number":359,"label":"359","id":"b16-l359","source":"ἵετʼ ἀκοντίσσαι· ὃ δὲ ἰδρείῃ πολέμοιο","translation":"was eager to cast; but Hector, skilled in war,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l359.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵετ","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was eager"},{"surface":"ἀκοντίσσαι","lemma":"ἀκοντίζω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἵετ̓","gloss":"to cast"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of σκέπτετ̓","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἰδρείῃ","lemma":"ἰδρεία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to σκέπτετ̓","gloss":"skill"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἰδρείῃ","gloss":"war"}]},{"number":360,"label":"360","id":"b16-l360","source":"ἀσπίδι ταυρείῃ κεκαλυμμένος εὐρέας ὤμους","translation":"covered his broad shoulders with his oxhide shield","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l360.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀσπίδι","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κεκαλυμμένος","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"ταυρείῃ","lemma":"ταύρειος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀσπίδι","gloss":"oxhide"},{"surface":"κεκαλυμμένος","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to σκέπτετ̓","gloss":"covered"},{"surface":"εὐρέας","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὤμους","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"ὤμους","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κεκαλυμμένος","gloss":"shoulders"}]},{"number":361,"label":"361","id":"b16-l361","source":"σκέπτετʼ ὀϊστῶν τε ῥοῖζον καὶ δοῦπον ἀκόντων.","translation":"and watched for the whistle of arrows and the thud of javelins.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l361.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὀϊστῶν τε ῥοῖζον καὶ δοῦπον ἀκόντων","title":"Battle heard through the shield","body":"Hector shelters behind his shield and reads the attack by sound. ῥοῖζος is the rushing whistle of arrows, while δοῦπος is the heavy impact or thud of javelins."}],"words":[{"surface":"σκέπτετ","lemma":"σκέπτομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"watched"},{"surface":"ὀϊστῶν","lemma":"ὀιστός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ῥοῖζον","gloss":"arrows"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥοῖζον","lemma":"ῥοῖζος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"whizzing"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δοῦπον","lemma":"δοῦπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"din"},{"surface":"ἀκόντων","lemma":"ἄκων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies δοῦπον","gloss":"javelins"}]},{"number":362,"label":"362","id":"b16-l362","source":"ἦ μὲν δὴ γίγνωσκε μάχης ἑτεραλκέα νίκην·","translation":"He knew well that victory in battle had changed sides,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l362.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γίγνωσκε","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"μάχης","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies νίκην","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"ἑτεραλκέα","lemma":"ἑτεραλκής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νίκην","gloss":"battle-turning"},{"surface":"νίκην","lemma":"νίκη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of γίγνωσκε","gloss":"victory"}]},{"number":363,"label":"363","id":"b16-l363","source":"ἀλλὰ καὶ ὧς ἀνέμιμνε, σάω δʼ ἐρίηρας ἑταίρους.","translation":"yet even so he held his ground and saved his faithful comrades.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l363.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ὧς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνέμιμνε","gloss":"even so"},{"surface":"ἀνέμιμνε","lemma":"ἀναμίμνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held his ground"},{"surface":"σάω","lemma":"σώζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"saved"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐρίηρας","lemma":"ἐρίηρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταίρους","gloss":"trusted"},{"surface":"ἑταίρους","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of σάω","gloss":"comrades"}]},{"number":364,"label":"364","id":"b16-l364","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἀπʼ Οὐλύμπου νέφος ἔρχεται οὐρανὸν εἴσω","translation":"As when a cloud comes from Olympus into heaven","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l364.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Οὐλύμπου","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπ̓","gloss":"Olympus"},{"surface":"νέφος","lemma":"νέφος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔρχεται","gloss":"cloud"},{"surface":"ἔρχεται","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτ̓","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"οὐρανὸν","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἴσω","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"εἴσω","lemma":"εἴσω","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"}]},{"number":365,"label":"365","id":"b16-l365","source":"αἰθέρος ἐκ δίης, ὅτε τε Ζεὺς λαίλαπα τείνῃ,","translation":"out of the bright upper air, when Zeus spreads a squall,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l365.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰθέρος","lemma":"αἰθήρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"air","note":"The storm simile begun in the preceding line continues here."},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"δίης","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἰθέρος","gloss":"bright"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τείνῃ","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"λαίλαπα","lemma":"λαῖλαψ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τείνῃ","gloss":"storm-blast"},{"surface":"τείνῃ","lemma":"τείνω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"spreads"}]},{"number":366,"label":"366","id":"b16-l366","source":"ὣς τῶν ἐκ νηῶν γένετο ἰαχή τε φόβος τε,","translation":"so from the ships arose their shouting and their rout,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l366.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γένετο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"γένετο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"arose"},{"surface":"ἰαχή","lemma":"ἰαχή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"shouting"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φόβος","lemma":"φόβος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"rout"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":367,"label":"367","id":"b16-l367","source":"οὐδὲ κατὰ μοῖραν πέραον πάλιν. Ἕκτορα δʼ ἵπποι","translation":"and they did not cross back in due order. Hector's horses","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l367.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"οὐδὲ κατὰ μοῖραν","title":"A disorderly retreat","body":"οὐδὲ κατὰ μοῖραν says that the Trojans do not make their crossing back in proper measure or order. The line marks a rout, not an organized withdrawal."}],"words":[{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μοῖραν","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"due order"},{"surface":"πέραον","lemma":"περάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did not cross"},{"surface":"πάλιν","lemma":"πάλιν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πέραον","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορα","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔκφερον","gloss":"Hector's"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔκφερον","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":368,"label":"368","id":"b16-l368","source":"ἔκφερον ὠκύποδες σὺν τεύχεσι, λεῖπε δὲ λαὸν","translation":"carried him swiftly out with his armor, while he left the Trojan host","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l368.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔκφερον","lemma":"ἐκφέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried out"},{"surface":"ὠκύποδες","lemma":"ὠκύπους","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"swift-footed"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"τεύχεσι","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"λεῖπε","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"λαὸν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λεῖπε","gloss":"host"}]},{"number":369,"label":"369","id":"b16-l369","source":"Τρωϊκόν, οὓς ἀέκοντας ὀρυκτὴ τάφρος ἔρυκε.","translation":"behind, held against their will by the dug-out trench.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l369.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρωϊκόν","lemma":"Τρωικός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λαὸν","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"οὓς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔρυκε","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ἀέκοντας","lemma":"ἀέκων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"against their will"},{"surface":"ὀρυκτὴ","lemma":"ὀρυκτός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies τάφρος","gloss":"dug"},{"surface":"τάφρος","lemma":"τάφρος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔρυκε","gloss":"trench"},{"surface":"ἔρυκε","lemma":"ἐρύκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing λαὸν","gloss":"held back"}]},{"number":370,"label":"370","id":"b16-l370","source":"πολλοὶ δʼ ἐν τάφρῳ ἐρυσάρματες ὠκέες ἵπποι","translation":"Many swift chariot-horses in the trench","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l370.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλοὶ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"τάφρῳ","lemma":"τάφρος","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the trench"},{"surface":"ἐρυσάρματες","lemma":"ἐρυσάρματες","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"chariot-drawing"},{"surface":"ὠκέες","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of λίπον","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":371,"label":"371","id":"b16-l371","source":"ἄξαντʼ ἐν πρώτῳ ῥυμῷ λίπον ἅρματʼ ἀνάκτων,","translation":"broke the chariot pole at its front and left their masters' cars there.","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l371.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄξαντ","lemma":"ἄγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to λίπον","gloss":"broke"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πρώτῳ","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ῥυμῷ","gloss":"front"},{"surface":"ῥυμῷ","lemma":"ῥυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"pole"},{"surface":"λίπον","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"ἅρματ","lemma":"ἅρμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of λίπον","gloss":"chariots"},{"surface":"ἀνάκτων","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἅρματ̓","gloss":"of their lords"}]},{"number":372,"label":"372","id":"b16-l372","source":"Πάτροκλος δʼ ἕπετο σφεδανὸν Δαναοῖσι κελεύων","translation":"Patroclus followed, fiercely urging the Danaans on","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l372.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πάτροκλος","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕπετο","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕπετο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"},{"surface":"σφεδανὸν","lemma":"σφεδανός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to κελεύων","gloss":"fiercely"},{"surface":"Δαναοῖσι","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κελεύων","gloss":"the Danaans"},{"surface":"κελεύων","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕπετο","gloss":"urging"}]},{"number":373,"label":"373","id":"b16-l373","source":"Τρωσὶ κακὰ φρονέων· οἳ δὲ ἰαχῇ τε φόβῳ τε","translation":"and bent on harm for the Trojans; with shouting and panic","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l373.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρωσὶ","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of φρονέων","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to φρονέων","gloss":"harm"},{"surface":"φρονέων","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕπετο","gloss":"thinking"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πλῆσαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰαχῇ","lemma":"ἰαχή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"shouting"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φόβῳ","lemma":"φόβος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"panic"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":374,"label":"374","id":"b16-l374","source":"πάσας πλῆσαν ὁδούς, ἐπεὶ ἂρ τμάγεν· ὕψι δʼ ἀέλλη","translation":"they filled every road once their ranks split apart; high above, a whirlwind","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l374.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάσας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὁδούς","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"πλῆσαν","lemma":"πίμπλημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"filled"},{"surface":"ὁδούς","lemma":"ὁδός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of πλῆσαν","gloss":"roads"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"ἂρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τμάγεν","lemma":"τμήγω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"split apart"},{"surface":"ὕψι","lemma":"ὕψι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to σκίδναθ̓","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀέλλη","lemma":"ἄελλα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of σκίδναθ̓","gloss":"whirlwind"}]},{"number":375,"label":"375","id":"b16-l375","source":"σκίδναθʼ ὑπὸ νεφέων, τανύοντο δὲ μώνυχες ἵπποι","translation":"spread beneath the clouds, and the single-hoofed horses strained","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l375.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σκίδναθ","lemma":"σκίδνημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spread"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"νεφέων","lemma":"νέφος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὸ","gloss":"clouds"},{"surface":"τανύοντο","lemma":"τανύω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were stretched"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μώνυχες","lemma":"μῶνυξ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"single-hoofed"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τανύοντο","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":376,"label":"376","id":"b16-l376","source":"ἄψορρον προτὶ ἄστυ νεῶν ἄπο καὶ κλισιάων.","translation":"back toward the city, away from the ships and huts.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l376.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄψορρον","lemma":"ἄψορρος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to τανύοντο","gloss":"back again"},{"surface":"προτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of προτὶ","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"νεῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἄπο","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κλισιάων","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"huts"}]},{"number":377,"label":"377","id":"b16-l377","source":"Πάτροκλος δʼ ᾗ πλεῖστον ὀρινόμενον ἴδε λαόν,","translation":"Wherever Patroclus saw the greatest mass of men in turmoil,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l377.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πάτροκλος","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔχ̓","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ᾗ","lemma":"ᾗ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴδε","gloss":"wherever"},{"surface":"πλεῖστον","lemma":"πλεῖστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λαόν","gloss":"greatest mass"},{"surface":"ὀρινόμενον","lemma":"ὀρίνω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies λαόν","gloss":"driven in turmoil"},{"surface":"ἴδε","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τῇ","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"λαόν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἴδε","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":378,"label":"378","id":"b16-l378","source":"τῇ ῥʼ ἔχʼ ὁμοκλήσας· ὑπὸ δʼ ἄξοσι φῶτες ἔπιπτον","translation":"there he drove with a shout; beneath the axles men fell","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l378.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"τῇ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχ̓","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔχ","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove"},{"surface":"ὁμοκλήσας","lemma":"ὁμοκλέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔχ̓","gloss":"with a shout"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄξοσι","lemma":"ἄξων","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὸ","gloss":"axles"},{"surface":"φῶτες","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔπιπτον","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἔπιπτον","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"}]},{"number":379,"label":"379","id":"b16-l379","source":"πρηνέες ἐξ ὀχέων, δίφροι δʼ ἀνακυμβαλίαζον.","translation":"face-first from their chariots, and the cars overturned.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l379.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρηνέες","lemma":"πρηνής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"lying face down"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὀχέων","lemma":"ὄχος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"chariots"},{"surface":"δίφροι","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνακυμβαλίαζον","gloss":"chariots"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνακυμβαλίαζον","lemma":"ἀνακυμβαλιάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"overturned"}]},{"number":380,"label":"380","id":"b16-l380","source":"ἀντικρὺ δʼ ἄρα τάφρον ὑπέρθορον ὠκέες ἵπποι","translation":"Straight across the trench leapt the swift horses,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l380.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀντικρὺ","lemma":"ἀντικρύ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὑπέρθορον","gloss":"straight across"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τάφρον","lemma":"τάφρος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπέρθορον","gloss":"trench"},{"surface":"ὑπέρθορον","lemma":"ὑπερθρώσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"leapt over"},{"surface":"ὠκέες","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ὑπέρθορον","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":381,"label":"381","id":"b16-l381","source":"ἄμβροτοι, οὓς Πηλῆϊ θεοὶ δόσαν ἀγλαὰ δῶρα,","translation":"immortal, whom the gods gave Peleus as splendid gifts,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l381.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄμβροτοι","lemma":"ἄμβροτος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"οὓς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of δόσαν","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"Πηλῆϊ","lemma":"Πηλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δόσαν","gloss":"Peleus"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δόσαν","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"δόσαν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἵπποι","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"ἀγλαὰ","lemma":"ἀγλαός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶρα","gloss":"splendid"},{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"gifts"}]},{"number":382,"label":"382","id":"b16-l382","source":"πρόσσω ἱέμενοι, ἐπὶ δʼ Ἕκτορι κέκλετο θυμός·","translation":"surging onward, while Patroclus' heart urged him against Hector,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l382.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρόσσω","lemma":"πρόσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἱέμενοι","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"ἱέμενοι","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ὑπέρθορον","gloss":"straining for"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορι","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"κέκλετο","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urged"},{"surface":"θυμός","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κέκλετο","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":383,"label":"383","id":"b16-l383","source":"ἵετο γὰρ βαλέειν· τὸν δʼ ἔκφερον ὠκέες ἵπποι.","translation":"for he was eager to strike him, but the swift horses carried him out.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l383.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵετο","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was eager"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"βαλέειν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἵετο","gloss":"strike"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔκφερον","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔκφερον","lemma":"ἐκφέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried out"},{"surface":"ὠκέες","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔκφερον","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":384,"label":"384","id":"b16-l384","source":"ὡς δʼ ὑπὸ λαίλαπι πᾶσα κελαινὴ βέβριθε χθὼν","translation":"As beneath a squall the whole dark earth lies heavy","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l384.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βέβριθε","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"λαίλαπι","lemma":"λαῖλαψ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὸ","gloss":"storm-blast"},{"surface":"πᾶσα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χθὼν","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"κελαινὴ","lemma":"κελαινός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χθὼν","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"βέβριθε","lemma":"βρίθω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"lies heavy"},{"surface":"χθὼν","lemma":"χθών","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of βέβριθε","gloss":"earth"}]},{"number":385,"label":"385","id":"b16-l385","source":"ἤματʼ ὀπωρινῷ, ὅτε λαβρότατον χέει ὕδωρ","translation":"on an autumn day, when the fiercest rain pours down,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l385.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤματ","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to βέβριθε","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"ὀπωρινῷ","lemma":"ὀπωρινός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἤματ̓","gloss":"autumnal"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"λαβρότατον","lemma":"λάβρος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter superlative adjective","role":"modifies ὕδωρ","gloss":"furious"},{"surface":"χέει","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ὅτε","gloss":"pours"},{"surface":"ὕδωρ","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of χέει","gloss":"water"}]},{"number":386,"label":"386","id":"b16-l386","source":"Ζεύς, ὅτε δή ῥʼ ἄνδρεσσι κοτεσσάμενος χαλεπήνῃ,","translation":"when Zeus in anger grows harsh against men","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l386.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεύς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of χέει","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄνδρεσσι","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of χαλεπήνῃ","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"κοτεσσάμενος","lemma":"κοτέω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to χαλεπήνῃ","gloss":"growing angry"},{"surface":"χαλεπήνῃ","lemma":"χαλεπαίνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"grows harsh"}]},{"number":387,"label":"387","id":"b16-l387","source":"οἳ βίῃ εἰν ἀγορῇ σκολιὰς κρίνωσι θέμιστας,","translation":"who use force in assembly to judge crooked judgments","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l387.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"βίῃ","lemma":"βία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κρίνωσι","gloss":"force"},{"surface":"εἰν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἀγορῇ","lemma":"ἀγορά","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to εἰν","gloss":"assembly"},{"surface":"σκολιὰς","lemma":"σκολιός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies θέμιστας","gloss":"crooked"},{"surface":"κρίνωσι","lemma":"κρίνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"judge"},{"surface":"θέμιστας","lemma":"θέμις","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of κρίνωσι","gloss":"judgments"}]},{"number":388,"label":"388","id":"b16-l388","source":"ἐκ δὲ δίκην ἐλάσωσι θεῶν ὄπιν οὐκ ἀλέγοντες·","translation":"and drive justice out, with no regard for the gods' vengeance;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l388.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δίκην","lemma":"δίκη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐλάσωσι","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"ἐλάσωσι","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"drive"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὄπιν","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"ὄπιν","lemma":"ὄπις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀλέγοντες","gloss":"divine retribution"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἀλέγοντες","lemma":"ἀλέγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐλάσωσι","gloss":"care"}]},{"number":389,"label":"389","id":"b16-l389","source":"τῶν δέ τε πάντες μὲν ποταμοὶ πλήθουσι ῥέοντες,","translation":"all their rivers then swell high in flood,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l389.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ποταμοὶ","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποταμοὶ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ποταμοὶ","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of πλήθουσι","gloss":"rivers"},{"surface":"πλήθουσι","lemma":"πλήθω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"in full flood"},{"surface":"ῥέοντες","lemma":"ῥέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to πλήθουσι","gloss":"flowing"}]},{"number":390,"label":"390","id":"b16-l390","source":"πολλὰς δὲ κλιτῦς τότʼ ἀποτμήγουσι χαράδραι,","translation":"and torrents cut away many slopes,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l390.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὰς","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies κλιτῦς","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κλιτῦς","lemma":"κλιτύς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀποτμήγουσι","gloss":"slopes"},{"surface":"τότ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀποτμήγουσι","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀποτμήγουσι","lemma":"ἀποτμήγω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"cut away"},{"surface":"χαράδραι","lemma":"χαράδρα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀποτμήγουσι","gloss":"torrents"}]},{"number":391,"label":"391","id":"b16-l391","source":"ἐς δʼ ἅλα πορφυρέην μεγάλα στενάχουσι ῥέουσαι","translation":"and greatly groaning pour into the purple sea","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l391.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅλα","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"πορφυρέην","lemma":"πορφύρεος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἅλα","gloss":"purple"},{"surface":"μεγάλα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to στενάχουσι","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"στενάχουσι","lemma":"στενάχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"groaning"},{"surface":"ῥέουσαι","lemma":"ῥέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to στενάχουσι","gloss":"pouring"}]},{"number":392,"label":"392","id":"b16-l392","source":"ἐξ ὀρέων ἐπικάρ, μινύθει δέ τε ἔργʼ ἀνθρώπων·","translation":"headlong from the mountains, and the works of men waste away;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l392.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὀρέων","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"mountains"},{"surface":"ἐπικάρ","lemma":"ἐπίκαρ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ῥέουσαι","gloss":"headlong"},{"surface":"μινύθει","lemma":"μινύθω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"waste away"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔργ","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of μινύθει","gloss":"works"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἔργ̓","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":393,"label":"393","id":"b16-l393","source":"ὣς ἵπποι Τρῳαὶ μεγάλα στενάχοντο θέουσαι.","translation":"so the Trojan mares groaned loudly as they ran.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l393.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἵπποι Τρῳαὶ","title":"The horses in flight","body":"ἵπποι Τρῳαί is grammatically feminine, so the line specifically calls the fleeing chariot-horses Trojan mares. Their groaning completes the storm-flood simile before the narrative returns to Patroclus."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to στενάχοντο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of στενάχοντο","gloss":"mares"},{"surface":"Τρῳαὶ","lemma":"Τρωιός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"μεγάλα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to στενάχοντο","gloss":"loudly"},{"surface":"στενάχοντο","lemma":"στενάχω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"groaned"},{"surface":"θέουσαι","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to στενάχοντο","gloss":"running"}]},{"number":394,"label":"394","id":"b16-l394","source":"Πάτροκλος δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν πρώτας ἐπέκερσε φάλαγγας,","translation":"But when Patroclus had cut off the foremost ranks,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l394.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πάτροκλος","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπέκερσε","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πρώτας","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φάλαγγας","gloss":"the foremost"},{"surface":"ἐπέκερσε","lemma":"ἐπικείρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"cut off"},{"surface":"φάλαγγας","lemma":"φάλαγξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπέκερσε","gloss":"ranks"}]},{"number":395,"label":"395","id":"b16-l395","source":"ἂψ ἐπὶ νῆας ἔεργε παλιμπετές, οὐδὲ πόληος","translation":"he penned them back toward the ships again and would not let them","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l395.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔεργε","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἔεργε","lemma":"ἔργω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"penned them"},{"surface":"παλιμπετές","lemma":"παλιμπετής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔεργε","gloss":"back again"},{"surface":"πόληος","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπιβαινέμεν","gloss":"city"}]},{"number":396,"label":"396","id":"b16-l396","source":"εἴα ἱεμένους ἐπιβαινέμεν, ἀλλὰ μεσηγὺ","translation":"reach the city they strained for, but midway","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l396.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴα","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would not let"},{"surface":"ἱεμένους","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"subject of ἐπιβαινέμεν","gloss":"straining"},{"surface":"ἐπιβαινέμεν","lemma":"ἐπιβαίνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of εἴα","gloss":"reach"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μεσηγὺ","lemma":"μεσηγύ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"between"}]},{"number":397,"label":"397","id":"b16-l397","source":"νηῶν καὶ ποταμοῦ καὶ τείχεος ὑψηλοῖο","translation":"between the ships and river and the high wall","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l397.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ποταμοῦ","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τείχεος","lemma":"τεῖχος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"ὑψηλοῖο","lemma":"ὑψηλός","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τείχεος","gloss":"high"}]},{"number":398,"label":"398","id":"b16-l398","source":"κτεῖνε μεταΐσσων, πολέων δʼ ἀπετίνυτο ποινήν.","translation":"he darted among them, killing, and exacted payment for many.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l398.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πολέων δʼ ἀπετίνυτο ποινήν","title":"A debt of blood","body":"ἀπετίνυτο ποινήν presents Patroclus's killing as the collection of a penalty or blood-price. The “many” are the Achaeans whose deaths he now avenges."}],"words":[{"surface":"κτεῖνε","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"killing"},{"surface":"μεταΐσσων","lemma":"μεταίσσω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κτεῖνε","gloss":"darting among"},{"surface":"πολέων","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποινήν","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπετίνυτο","lemma":"ἀποτίνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"exacted"},{"surface":"ποινήν","lemma":"ποινή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπετίνυτο","gloss":"payment"}]},{"number":399,"label":"399","id":"b16-l399","source":"ἔνθʼ ἤτοι Πρόνοον πρῶτον βάλε δουρὶ φαεινῷ","translation":"There first he struck Pronoos with his gleaming spear","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l399.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βάλε","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Πρόνοον","lemma":"Πρόνοος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"Pronoos"},{"surface":"πρῶτον","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"adverbial to Πρόνοον","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to βάλε","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"φαεινῷ","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δουρὶ","gloss":"gleaming"}]},{"number":400,"label":"400","id":"b16-l400","source":"στέρνον γυμνωθέντα παρʼ ἀσπίδα, λῦσε δὲ γυῖα·","translation":"in the chest bared beside the shield, and loosed his limbs.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l400.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στέρνον","lemma":"στέρνον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"γυμνωθέντα","lemma":"γυμνόω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifies στέρνον","gloss":"laid bare"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"ἀσπίδα","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παῤ","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"λῦσε","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"loosed"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γυῖα","lemma":"γυῖον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of λῦσε","gloss":"limbs"}]},{"number":401,"label":"401","id":"b16-l401","source":"δούπησεν δὲ πεσών· ὃ δὲ Θέστορα Ἤνοπος υἱὸν","translation":"He fell with a thud. Then at Thestor, son of Enops,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l401.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δούπησεν","lemma":"δουπέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell with a thud"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πεσών","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δούπησεν","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Θέστορα","lemma":"Θέστωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Thestor"},{"surface":"Ἤνοπος","lemma":"ἦνοψ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"Enops"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Θέστορα","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":402,"label":"402","id":"b16-l402","source":"δεύτερον ὁρμηθείς· ὃ μὲν εὐξέστῳ ἐνὶ δίφρῳ","translation":"Patroclus rushed a second time; Thestor, in his polished chariot,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l402.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεύτερον","lemma":"δεύτερος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"a second time"},{"surface":"ὁρμηθείς","lemma":"ὁρμάω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"rushed"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἧστο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"εὐξέστῳ","lemma":"εὔξεστος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δίφρῳ","gloss":"polished"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δίφρῳ","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"chariot"}]},{"number":403,"label":"403","id":"b16-l403","source":"ἧστο ἀλείς· ἐκ γὰρ πλήγη φρένας, ἐκ δʼ ἄρα χειρῶν","translation":"sat huddled, struck from his wits, and from his hands","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l403.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἧστο","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"pluperfect middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"ἀλείς","lemma":"εἴλω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἧστο","gloss":"hemmed in"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πλήγη","lemma":"πλήσσω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"φρένας","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to πλήγη","gloss":"wits"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"χειρῶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"hands"}]},{"number":404,"label":"404","id":"b16-l404","source":"ἡνία ἠΐχθησαν· ὃ δʼ ἔγχεϊ νύξε παραστὰς","translation":"the reins flew. Standing beside him, Patroclus stabbed","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l404.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡνία","lemma":"ἡνία","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἠΐχθησαν","gloss":"reins"},{"surface":"ἠΐχθησαν","lemma":"ἀίσσω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flew"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of νύξε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔγχεϊ","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to νύξε","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"νύξε","lemma":"νύσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stabbed"},{"surface":"παραστὰς","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to νύξε","gloss":"standing beside"}]},{"number":405,"label":"405","id":"b16-l405","source":"γναθμὸν δεξιτερόν, διὰ δʼ αὐτοῦ πεῖρεν ὀδόντων,","translation":"his right jaw with the spear and drove it through the teeth,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l405.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γναθμὸν","lemma":"γναθμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of νύξε","gloss":"jaw"},{"surface":"δεξιτερόν","lemma":"δεξιτερός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies γναθμὸν","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀδόντων","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"πεῖρεν","lemma":"πείρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pierced"},{"surface":"ὀδόντων","lemma":"ὀδούς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of διὰ","gloss":"teeth"}]},{"number":406,"label":"406","id":"b16-l406","source":"ἕλκε δὲ δουρὸς ἑλὼν ὑπὲρ ἄντυγος, ὡς ὅτε τις φὼς","translation":"then gripped the shaft and dragged him over the chariot rail, as a man","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l406.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕλκε","lemma":"ἕλκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dragged"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δουρὸς","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἑλὼν","gloss":"shaft"},{"surface":"ἑλὼν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕλκε","gloss":"after taking"},{"surface":"ὑπὲρ","lemma":"ὑπέρ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ἄντυγος","lemma":"ἄντυξ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπὲρ","gloss":"chariot rail"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies φὼς","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"φὼς","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":407,"label":"407","id":"b16-l407","source":"πέτρῃ ἔπι προβλῆτι καθήμενος ἱερὸν ἰχθὺν","translation":"seated on a jutting rock draws a great fish","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l407.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πέτρῃ","lemma":"πέτρα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔπι","gloss":"rock"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"προβλῆτι","lemma":"προβλής","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πέτρῃ","gloss":"jutting"},{"surface":"καθήμενος","lemma":"κάθημαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies φὼς","gloss":"seated"},{"surface":"ἱερὸν","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἰχθὺν","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ἰχθὺν","lemma":"ἰχθύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"fish"}]},{"number":408,"label":"408","id":"b16-l408","source":"ἐκ πόντοιο θύραζε λίνῳ καὶ ἤνοπι χαλκῷ·","translation":"out of the sea with line and gleaming bronze;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l408.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"πόντοιο","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"θύραζε","lemma":"θύραζε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"λίνῳ","lemma":"λίνον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"line"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤνοπι","lemma":"ἦνοψ","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκῷ","gloss":"gleaming"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":409,"label":"409","id":"b16-l409","source":"ὣς ἕλκʼ ἐκ δίφροιο κεχηνότα δουρὶ φαεινῷ,","translation":"so with his gleaming spear he dragged him gaping from the chariot,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l409.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕλκ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἕλκ","lemma":"ἕλκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dragged"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"δίφροιο","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"κεχηνότα","lemma":"χάσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of ἕλκ̓","gloss":"gaping"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἕλκ̓","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"φαεινῷ","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δουρὶ","gloss":"gleaming"}]},{"number":410,"label":"410","id":"b16-l410","source":"κὰδ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπὶ στόμʼ ἔωσε· πεσόντα δέ μιν λίπε θυμός.","translation":"flung him down upon his face, and as he fell his spirit left him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l410.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κὰδ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"στόμ","lemma":"στόμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"ἔωσε","lemma":"ὠθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"thrust"},{"surface":"πεσόντα","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of λίπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"λίπε","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"θυμός","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of λίπε","gloss":"spirit"}]},{"number":411,"label":"411","id":"b16-l411","source":"αὐτὰρ ἔπειτʼ Ἐρύλαον ἐπεσσύμενον βάλε πέτρῳ","translation":"Then as Erylaus rushed upon him, Patroclus struck him with a stone","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l411.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἐρύλαον","lemma":"Ἐρύλαος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"Erylaus"},{"surface":"ἐπεσσύμενον","lemma":"ἐπισεύω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"rushed"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"πέτρῳ","lemma":"πέτρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to βάλε","gloss":"rock"}]},{"number":412,"label":"412","id":"b16-l412","source":"μέσσην κὰκ κεφαλήν· ἣ δʼ ἄνδιχα πᾶσα κεάσθη","translation":"squarely on the head, and his whole head split in two","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l412.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μέσσην","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κεφαλήν","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"κὰκ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"squarely on"},{"surface":"κεφαλήν","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κὰκ","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of κεάσθη","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄνδιχα","lemma":"ἄνδιχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κεάσθη","gloss":"in two"},{"surface":"πᾶσα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἣ","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"κεάσθη","lemma":"κεάζω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"split"}]},{"number":413,"label":"413","id":"b16-l413","source":"ἐν κόρυθι βριαρῇ· ὃ δʼ ἄρα πρηνὴς ἐπὶ γαίῃ","translation":"inside the heavy helmet; face-first upon the ground","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l413.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κόρυθι","lemma":"κόρυς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"helmet"},{"surface":"βριαρῇ","lemma":"βριαρός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κόρυθι","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κάππεσεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πρηνὴς","lemma":"πρηνής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"headfirst"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"γαίῃ","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ground"}]},{"number":414,"label":"414","id":"b16-l414","source":"κάππεσεν, ἀμφὶ δέ μιν θάνατος χύτο θυμοραϊστής.","translation":"he fell, and death that breaks the spirit poured around him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l414.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θάνατος χύτο θυμοραϊστής","title":"A personified death","body":"θυμοραϊστής describes death as a force that shatters or ruins the θυμός, the vital spirit. The same Greek line returns at 16.580 and requires this exact English wording."}],"words":[{"surface":"κάππεσεν","lemma":"καταπίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀμφὶ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"θάνατος","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of χύτο","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"χύτο","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured"},{"surface":"θυμοραϊστής","lemma":"θυμοραιστής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θάνατος","gloss":"life-destroying"}]},{"number":415,"label":"415","id":"b16-l415","source":"αὐτὰρ ἔπειτʼ Ἐρύμαντα καὶ Ἀμφοτερὸν καὶ Ἐπάλτην","translation":"Then Erymas and Amphoterus and Epaltes,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l415.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἐρύμαντα","lemma":"Ἐρύμας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Erymas"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀμφοτερὸν","lemma":"Ἀμφοτερός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Amphoterus"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἐπάλτην","lemma":"Ἐπάλτης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Epaltes"}]},{"number":416,"label":"416","id":"b16-l416","source":"Τληπόλεμόν τε Δαμαστορίδην Ἐχίον τε Πύριν τε","translation":"and Tlepolemus, son of Damastor, Echius and Pyris,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l416.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τληπόλεμόν","lemma":"Τληπόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Tlepolemus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Δαμαστορίδην","lemma":"Δαμαστορίδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Τληπόλεμόν","gloss":"son of Damastor"},{"surface":"Ἐχίον","lemma":"Ἐχίος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Echius"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πύριν","lemma":"Πύρις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Pyris"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":417,"label":"417","id":"b16-l417","source":"Ἰφέα τʼ Εὔιππόν τε καὶ Ἀργεάδην Πολύμηλον","translation":"Ipheus and Euippus and Polymelus, son of Argeas —","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l417.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἰφέα","lemma":"Ἰφεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Ipheus"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Εὔιππόν","lemma":"Εὔιππος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Eüippus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀργεάδην","lemma":"Ἀργεάδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πολύμηλον","gloss":"son of Argeas"},{"surface":"Πολύμηλον","lemma":"Πολύμηλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Polymelus"}]},{"number":418,"label":"418","id":"b16-l418","source":"πάντας ἐπασσυτέρους πέλασε χθονὶ πουλυβοτείρῃ.","translation":"all one after another he laid upon the all-nurturing earth.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l418.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"χθονὶ πουλυβοτείρῃ","title":"Earth as nourisher and grave","body":"The epithet πουλυβότειρα calls the earth the nourisher of multitudes. Its life-giving force stands grimly against the row of men Patroclus lays dead upon it; Sarpedon sees their fall and confronts him in the next line."}],"words":[{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐπασσυτέρους","lemma":"ἐπασσύτερος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"one after another"},{"surface":"πέλασε","lemma":"πελάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he laid"},{"surface":"χθονὶ","lemma":"χθών","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πέλασε","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"πουλυβοτείρῃ","lemma":"πολυβότειρα","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χθονὶ","gloss":"all-nurturing"}]},{"number":419,"label":"419","id":"b16-l419","source":"Σαρπηδὼν δʼ ὡς οὖν ἴδʼ ἀμιτροχίτωνας ἑταίρους","translation":"When Sarpedon saw his comrades in unbelted tunics","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l419.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀμιτροχίτωνας","title":"The Lycians' light tunics","body":"ἀμιτροχίτων describes men whose tunics lack the protective waist-piece or belt associated with heavier armor. The epithet marks Sarpedon's Lycian companions by their equipment at the moment he sees them falling."}],"words":[{"surface":"Σαρπηδὼν","lemma":"Σαρπηδών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κέκλετ̓","gloss":"Sarpedon"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἴδ","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"ἀμιτροχίτωνας","lemma":"ἀμιτροχίτωνες","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἑταίρους","gloss":"unbelted-tunic wearers"},{"surface":"ἑταίρους","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δαμέντας","gloss":"comrades"}]},{"number":420,"label":"420","id":"b16-l420","source":"χέρσʼ ὕπο Πατρόκλοιο Μενοιτιάδαο δαμέντας,","translation":"subdued beneath the hands of Patroclus, son of Menoetius,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l420.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χέρσ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὕπο","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ὕπο","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"Πατρόκλοιο","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies χέρσ̓","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"Μενοιτιάδαο","lemma":"Μενοιτιάδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πατρόκλοιο","gloss":"Menoetius's son"},{"surface":"δαμέντας","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of ἴδ̓","gloss":"subdued"}]},{"number":421,"label":"421","id":"b16-l421","source":"κέκλετʼ ἄρʼ ἀντιθέοισι καθαπτόμενος Λυκίοισιν·","translation":"he called out, rebuking the godlike Lycians:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l421.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κέκλετ","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀντιθέοισι","lemma":"ἀντίθεος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Λυκίοισιν","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"καθαπτόμενος","lemma":"καθάπτω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κέκλετ̓","gloss":"rebuking"},{"surface":"Λυκίοισιν","lemma":"Λύκιοι","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κέκλετ̓","gloss":"Lycians"}]},{"number":422,"label":"422","id":"b16-l422","source":"αἰδὼς ὦ Λύκιοι· πόσε φεύγετε; νῦν θοοὶ ἔστε.","translation":"\"Shame, Lycians! Where are you fleeing? Now show your speed!","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l422.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"αἰδὼς","title":"Aidōs as a rallying cry","body":"αἰδώς can mean shame, reverence, or the regard that keeps a warrior answerable to his peers. Sarpedon uses the single word as a rebuke meant to stop the Lycian flight."}],"words":[{"surface":"αἰδὼς","lemma":"αἰδώς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"shame"},{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"o"},{"surface":"Λύκιοι","lemma":"Λύκιοι","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Lycians"},{"surface":"πόσε","lemma":"πόσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of φεύγετε","gloss":"where to"},{"surface":"φεύγετε","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are fleeing"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔστε","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"θοοὶ","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἔστε","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"show your speed"}]},{"number":423,"label":"423","id":"b16-l423","source":"ἀντήσω γὰρ ἐγὼ τοῦδʼ ἀνέρος, ὄφρα δαείω","translation":"For I shall meet this man myself, so that I may learn","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l423.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀντήσω","lemma":"ἀντάω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall meet"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀντήσω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"τοῦδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀνέρος","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἀνέρος","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀντήσω","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"δαείω","lemma":"δάω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"may learn"}]},{"number":424,"label":"424","id":"b16-l424","source":"ὅς τις ὅδε κρατέει καὶ δὴ κακὰ πολλὰ ἔοργε","translation":"whoever he is, who holds sway and has already done much harm","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l424.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὅδε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ὅδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"κρατέει","lemma":"κρατέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"holds sway"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔοργε","gloss":"harm"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κακὰ","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"ἔοργε","lemma":"ἔρδω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"has done"}]},{"number":425,"label":"425","id":"b16-l425","source":"Τρῶας, ἐπεὶ πολλῶν τε καὶ ἐσθλῶν γούνατʼ ἔλυσεν.","translation":"to the Trojans, since he has loosed the knees of many noble men —\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l425.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶας","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔοργε","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"πολλῶν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐσθλῶν","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"γούνατ","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔλυσεν","gloss":"knees"},{"surface":"ἔλυσεν","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"loosed"}]},{"number":426,"label":"426","id":"b16-l426","source":"ἦ ῥα, καὶ ἐξ ὀχέων σὺν τεύχεσιν ἆλτο χαμᾶζε.","translation":"So he spoke, and leapt from his chariot to the ground in his armor.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l426.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke","note":"Formulaic speech-closing verb: “so he spoke.”"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὀχέων","lemma":"ὄχος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"τεύχεσιν","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἆλτο","lemma":"ἅλλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"leapt"},{"surface":"χαμᾶζε","lemma":"χαμᾶζε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἆλτο","gloss":"to the ground"}]},{"number":427,"label":"427","id":"b16-l427","source":"Πάτροκλος δʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἐπεὶ ἴδεν ἔκθορε δίφρου.","translation":"From the other side Patroclus saw him and sprang from his chariot.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l427.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πάτροκλος","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔκθορε","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑτέρωθεν","lemma":"ἑτέρωθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔκθορε","gloss":"from the other side"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἴδεν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"ἔκθορε","lemma":"ἐκθρῴσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sprang"},{"surface":"δίφρου","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔκθορε","gloss":"chariot"}]},{"number":428,"label":"428","id":"b16-l428","source":"οἳ δʼ ὥς τʼ αἰγυπιοὶ γαμψώνυχες ἀγκυλοχεῖλαι","translation":"Like hook-clawed, crooked-beaked vultures","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l428.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μάχωνται","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰγυπιοὶ","lemma":"αἰγυπιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of μάχωνται","gloss":"vultures"},{"surface":"γαμψώνυχες","lemma":"γαμψῶνυξ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies αἰγυπιοὶ","gloss":"hook-clawed"},{"surface":"ἀγκυλοχεῖλαι","lemma":"ἀγκυλοχείλης","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies αἰγυπιοὶ","gloss":"crooked-beaked"}]},{"number":429,"label":"429","id":"b16-l429","source":"πέτρῃ ἐφʼ ὑψηλῇ μεγάλα κλάζοντε μάχωνται,","translation":"fighting on a high rock with loud cries,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l429.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πέτρῃ","lemma":"πέτρα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐφ̓","gloss":"rock"},{"surface":"ἐφ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ὑψηλῇ","lemma":"ὑψηλός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πέτρῃ","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"μεγάλα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to κλάζοντε","gloss":"loudly"},{"surface":"κλάζοντε","lemma":"κλάζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to μάχωνται","gloss":"shouting aloud"},{"surface":"μάχωνται","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὄρουσαν","gloss":"fight"}]},{"number":430,"label":"430","id":"b16-l430","source":"ὣς οἳ κεκλήγοντες ἐπʼ ἀλλήλοισιν ὄρουσαν.","translation":"so they sprang upon each other, shouting.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l430.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄρουσαν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὄρουσαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"κεκλήγοντες","lemma":"κλάζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ὄρουσαν","gloss":"shouting"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλοισιν","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"each other"},{"surface":"ὄρουσαν","lemma":"ὀρούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sprang"}]},{"number":431,"label":"431","id":"b16-l431","source":"τοὺς δὲ ἰδὼν ἐλέησε Κρόνου πάϊς ἀγκυλομήτεω,","translation":"Seeing them, the son of crooked-counseling Cronos took pity,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l431.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Κρόνου πάϊς ἀγκυλομήτεω","title":"Zeus named through Cronos","body":"Κρόνου πάϊς ἀγκυλομήτεω names Zeus as the son of Cronos, whose standing epithet means “crooked-counseling.” The patronymic foregrounds divine family just as Zeus looks upon his own mortal son."}],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐλέησε","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐλέησε","gloss":"seeing"},{"surface":"ἐλέησε","lemma":"ἐλεέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took pity"},{"surface":"Κρόνου","lemma":"Κρόνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"Cronos"},{"surface":"πάϊς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐλέησε","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἀγκυλομήτεω","lemma":"ἀγκυλομήτης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Κρόνου","gloss":"crooked-counseling"}]},{"number":432,"label":"432","id":"b16-l432","source":"Ἥρην δὲ προσέειπε κασιγνήτην ἄλοχόν τε·","translation":"and spoke to Hera, his sister and his wife:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l432.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἥρην","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Hera"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"κασιγνήτην","lemma":"κασιγνήτη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"sister"},{"surface":"ἄλοχόν","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":433,"label":"433","id":"b16-l433","source":"ὤ μοι ἐγών, ὅ τέ μοι Σαρπηδόνα φίλτατον ἀνδρῶν","translation":"\"Ah me, Sarpedon, dearest to me of men,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l433.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ah me"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ἐγών","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to φίλτατον","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"Σαρπηδόνα","lemma":"Σαρπηδών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δαμῆναι","gloss":"Sarpedon"},{"surface":"φίλτατον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"modifies Σαρπηδόνα","gloss":"dearest"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies φίλτατον","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":434,"label":"434","id":"b16-l434","source":"μοῖρʼ ὑπὸ Πατρόκλοιο Μενοιτιάδαο δαμῆναι.","translation":"is fated to be subdued beneath the hands of Patroclus, son of Menoetius.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l434.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μοῖρ","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"it is fated"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"Πατρόκλοιο","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"Μενοιτιάδαο","lemma":"Μενοιτιάδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πατρόκλοιο","gloss":"Menoetius's son"},{"surface":"δαμῆναι","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"subdued"}]},{"number":435,"label":"435","id":"b16-l435","source":"διχθὰ δέ μοι κραδίη μέμονε φρεσὶν ὁρμαίνοντι,","translation":"My heart is split in two as I ponder within my mind:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l435.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"διχθὰ δέ μοι κραδίη","title":"Zeus in two minds","body":"διχθὰ ... κραδίη makes Zeus's divided purpose physical: his heart pulls two ways. One course would rescue Sarpedon; the other would allow the fate already set for him to stand."}],"words":[{"surface":"διχθὰ","lemma":"διχθά","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μέμονε","gloss":"in two"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies κραδίη","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"κραδίη","lemma":"καρδία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of μέμονε","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"μέμονε","lemma":"μέμονα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is divided"},{"surface":"φρεσὶν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"adverbial to ὁρμαίνοντι","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"ὁρμαίνοντι","lemma":"ὁρμαίνω","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"modifies μοι","gloss":"as I ponder"}]},{"number":436,"label":"436","id":"b16-l436","source":"ἤ μιν ζωὸν ἐόντα μάχης ἄπο δακρυοέσσης","translation":"whether to snatch him up alive from the tearful battle","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l436.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of θείω","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ζωὸν","lemma":"ζωός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"alive"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies μιν","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"μάχης","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἄπο","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"ἄπο","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"δακρυοέσσης","lemma":"δακρυόεις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μάχης","gloss":"tearful"}]},{"number":437,"label":"437","id":"b16-l437","source":"θείω ἀναρπάξας Λυκίης ἐν πίονι δήμῳ,","translation":"and set him down in the rich land of Lycia,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l437.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θείω","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"object of ἦ","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"ἀναρπάξας","lemma":"ἀναρπάζω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to θείω","gloss":"snatching up"},{"surface":"Λυκίης","lemma":"Λυκία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies δήμῳ","gloss":"Lycia"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πίονι","lemma":"πίων","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δήμῳ","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"δήμῳ","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":438,"label":"438","id":"b16-l438","source":"ἦ ἤδη ὑπὸ χερσὶ Μενοιτιάδαο δαμάσσω.","translation":"or now subdue him beneath the hands of the son of Menoetius.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l438.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δαμάσσω","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"Μενοιτιάδαο","lemma":"Μενοιτιάδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies χερσὶ","gloss":"Menoetius's son"},{"surface":"δαμάσσω","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"object of ἦ","gloss":"subdue"}]},{"number":439,"label":"439","id":"b16-l439","source":"τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα βοῶπις πότνια Ἥρη·","translation":"Then ox-eyed queenly Hera answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l439.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"βοῶπις","lemma":"βοῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"ox-eyed"},{"surface":"πότνια","lemma":"πότνια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥρη","gloss":"queenly"},{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἠμείβετ̓","gloss":"Hera"}]},{"number":440,"label":"440","id":"b16-l440","source":"αἰνότατε Κρονίδη ποῖον τὸν μῦθον ἔειπες.","translation":"\"Most dread son of Cronos, what a word you have spoken!","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l440.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰνότατε","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"vocative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"modifies Κρονίδη","gloss":"most dread"},{"surface":"Κρονίδη","lemma":"Κρονίδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son of Cronos"},{"surface":"ποῖον","lemma":"ποῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μῦθον","gloss":"what a"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies μῦθον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔειπες","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ἔειπες","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you have spoken"}]},{"number":441,"label":"441","id":"b16-l441","source":"ἄνδρα θνητὸν ἐόντα πάλαι πεπρωμένον αἴσῃ","translation":"A mortal man, long since appointed to fate,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l441.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξαναλῦσαι","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"θνητὸν","lemma":"θνητός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνδρα","gloss":"mortal"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies ἄνδρα","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"πάλαι","lemma":"πάλαι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πεπρωμένον","gloss":"long since"},{"surface":"πεπρωμένον","lemma":"πόρω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"allotted"},{"surface":"αἴσῃ","lemma":"Αἶσα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πεπρωμένον","gloss":"fate"}]},{"number":442,"label":"442","id":"b16-l442","source":"ἂψ ἐθέλεις θανάτοιο δυσηχέος ἐξαναλῦσαι;","translation":"you wish to loose again from harsh-sounding death?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l442.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐξαναλῦσαι","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἐθέλεις","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wish"},{"surface":"θανάτοιο","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξαναλῦσαι","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"δυσηχέος","lemma":"δυσηχής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θανάτοιο","gloss":"dread-echoing"},{"surface":"ἐξαναλῦσαι","lemma":"ἐξαναλύω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλεις","gloss":"release from"}]},{"number":443,"label":"443","id":"b16-l443","source":"ἔρδʼ· ἀτὰρ οὔ τοι πάντες ἐπαινέομεν θεοὶ ἄλλοι.","translation":"Do it; but not all we other gods approve.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l443.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔρδ","lemma":"ἔρδω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do it"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐπαινέομεν","lemma":"ἐπαινέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"approve"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπαινέομεν","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":444,"label":"444","id":"b16-l444","source":"ἄλλο δέ τοι ἐρέω, σὺ δʼ ἐνὶ φρεσὶ βάλλεο σῇσιν·","translation":"And I will tell you another thing; lay it up in your heart:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l444.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλο","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐρέω","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐρέω","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἐρέω","lemma":"ἐρῶ","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will tell"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βάλλεο","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"βάλλεο","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay it up"},{"surface":"σῇσιν","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρεσὶ","gloss":"your"}]},{"number":445,"label":"445","id":"b16-l445","source":"αἴ κε ζὼν πέμψῃς Σαρπηδόνα ὃν δὲ δόμον δέ,","translation":"if you send Sarpedon home alive to his own house,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l445.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"ζὼν","lemma":"ζώς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alive"},{"surface":"πέμψῃς","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"send"},{"surface":"Σαρπηδόνα","lemma":"Σαρπηδών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πέμψῃς","gloss":"Sarpedon"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δόμον","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δόμον","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πέμψῃς","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":446,"label":"446","id":"b16-l446","source":"φράζεο μή τις ἔπειτα θεῶν ἐθέλῃσι καὶ ἄλλος","translation":"take care lest some other god afterward also wish","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l446.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φράζεο","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"take care"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐθέλῃσι","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐθέλῃσι","gloss":"afterward"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"ἐθέλῃσι","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of μή","gloss":"wish"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":447,"label":"447","id":"b16-l447","source":"πέμπειν ὃν φίλον υἱὸν ἀπὸ κρατερῆς ὑσμίνης·","translation":"to send his dear son away from the mighty combat.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l447.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πέμπειν","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλῃσι","gloss":"send"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πέμπειν","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"κρατερῆς","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὑσμίνης","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ὑσμίνης","lemma":"ὑσμίνη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"combat"}]},{"number":448,"label":"448","id":"b16-l448","source":"πολλοὶ γὰρ περὶ ἄστυ μέγα Πριάμοιο μάχονται","translation":"For around Priam's great city many sons","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l448.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλοὶ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱέες","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄστυ","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"Πριάμοιο","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄστυ","gloss":"Priam's"},{"surface":"μάχονται","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are fighting"}]},{"number":449,"label":"449","id":"b16-l449","source":"υἱέες ἀθανάτων, τοῖσιν κότον αἰνὸν ἐνήσεις.","translation":"of immortals are fighting; you will sow grim resentment among them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l449.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"υἱέες","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of μάχονται","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτων","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱέες","gloss":"of the immortals"},{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐνήσεις","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"κότον","lemma":"κότος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνήσεις","gloss":"resentment"},{"surface":"αἰνὸν","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κότον","gloss":"grim"},{"surface":"ἐνήσεις","lemma":"ἐνίημι","morphology":"future active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀθανάτων","gloss":"you will sow"}]},{"number":450,"label":"450","id":"b16-l450","source":"ἀλλʼ εἴ τοι φίλος ἐστί, τεὸν δʼ ὀλοφύρεται ἦτορ,","translation":"But if he is dear to you and your heart grieves for him,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l450.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to φίλος","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἐστί","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"τεὸν","lemma":"τεός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦτορ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀλοφύρεται","lemma":"ὀλοφύρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"grieves"},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ὀλοφύρεται","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":451,"label":"451","id":"b16-l451","source":"ἤτοι μέν μιν ἔασον ἐνὶ κρατερῇ ὑσμίνῃ","translation":"then leave him there in the mighty combat","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l451.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔασον","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἔασον","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"leave"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κρατερῇ","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὑσμίνῃ","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ὑσμίνῃ","lemma":"ὑσμίνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"combat"}]},{"number":452,"label":"452","id":"b16-l452","source":"χέρσʼ ὕπο Πατρόκλοιο Μενοιτιάδαο δαμῆναι·","translation":"to be subdued beneath the hands of Patroclus, son of Menoetius.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l452.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χέρσ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὕπο","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ὕπο","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"Πατρόκλοιο","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies χέρσ̓","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"Μενοιτιάδαο","lemma":"Μενοιτιάδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πατρόκλοιο","gloss":"Menoetius's son"},{"surface":"δαμῆναι","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"object of ἔασον","gloss":"subdued"}]},{"number":453,"label":"453","id":"b16-l453","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπὴν δὴ τόν γε λίπῃ ψυχή τε καὶ αἰών,","translation":"But when at last his life-breath and lifespan leave him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l453.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπὴν","lemma":"ἐπήν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of λίπῃ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"λίπῃ","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπὴν","gloss":"leave"},{"surface":"ψυχή","lemma":"ψυχή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰών","lemma":"αἰών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"life"}]},{"number":454,"label":"454","id":"b16-l454","source":"πέμπειν μιν θάνατόν τε φέρειν καὶ νήδυμον ὕπνον","translation":"send Death and sweet Sleep to carry him","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l454.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πέμπειν","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"send"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πέμπειν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"θάνατόν","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φέρειν","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to πέμπειν","gloss":"carry"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νήδυμον","lemma":"νήδυμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὕπνον","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"ὕπνον","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"sleep"}]},{"number":455,"label":"455","id":"b16-l455","source":"εἰς ὅ κε δὴ Λυκίης εὐρείης δῆμον ἵκωνται,","translation":"until they reach the land of broad Lycia.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l455.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"until","note":"With the following relative and modal particle, this introduces an indefinite limit: “until.”"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἵκωνται","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Λυκίης","lemma":"Λυκία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies δῆμον","gloss":"Lycia"},{"surface":"εὐρείης","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Λυκίης","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"δῆμον","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἵκωνται","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"ἵκωνται","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἰς","gloss":"may reach"}]},{"number":456,"label":"456","id":"b16-l456","source":"ἔνθά ἑ ταρχύσουσι κασίγνητοί τε ἔται τε","translation":"There his brothers and companions will bury him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l456.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθά","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ταρχύσουσι","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἑ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ταρχύσουσι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ταρχύσουσι","lemma":"ταρχύω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δῆμον","gloss":"will bury"},{"surface":"κασίγνητοί","lemma":"κασίγνητος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"brothers"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔται","lemma":"ἔτης","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":457,"label":"457","id":"b16-l457","source":"τύμβῳ τε στήλῃ τε· τὸ γὰρ γέρας ἐστὶ θανόντων.","translation":"with mound and marker, for that is the honor of the dead.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l457.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τύμβῳ","lemma":"τύμβος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"mound"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στήλῃ","lemma":"στήλη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"marker"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἐστὶ","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"γέρας","lemma":"γέρας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"honor"},{"surface":"ἐστὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"θανόντων","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"modifies γέρας","gloss":"dead"}]},{"number":458,"label":"458","id":"b16-l458","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησε πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε·","translation":"So she spoke, and the father of men and gods did not disobey;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l458.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she spoke"},{"surface":"ἀπίθησε","lemma":"ἀπιθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did not disobey"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπίθησε","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":459,"label":"459","id":"b16-l459","source":"αἱματοέσσας δὲ ψιάδας κατέχευεν ἔραζε","translation":"and he poured bloody raindrops down upon the earth,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l459.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἱματοέσσας","lemma":"αἱματόεις","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ψιάδας","gloss":"bloody"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ψιάδας","lemma":"ψιάς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of κατέχευεν","gloss":"raindrops"},{"surface":"κατέχευεν","lemma":"καταχεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured"},{"surface":"ἔραζε","lemma":"ἔραζε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of κατέχευεν","gloss":"to earth"}]},{"number":460,"label":"460","id":"b16-l460","source":"παῖδα φίλον τιμῶν, τόν οἱ Πάτροκλος ἔμελλε","translation":"honoring his dear son, whom Patroclus was destined","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l460.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παῖδα","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τιμῶν","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies παῖδα","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"τιμῶν","lemma":"τιμάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κατέχευεν","gloss":"honoring"},{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of φθίσειν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies τόν","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"Πάτροκλος","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔμελλε","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"ἔμελλε","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing παῖδα","gloss":"was destined"}]},{"number":461,"label":"461","id":"b16-l461","source":"φθίσειν ἐν Τροίῃ ἐριβώλακι τηλόθι πάτρης.","translation":"to destroy in Troy of the rich soil, far from his homeland.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l461.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φθίσειν","lemma":"φθίω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ἔμελλε","gloss":"destroy"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Τροίῃ","lemma":"Τροία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"ἐριβώλακι","lemma":"ἐριβῶλαξ","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Τροίῃ","gloss":"rich-soiled"},{"surface":"τηλόθι","lemma":"τηλόθι","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"far away"},{"surface":"πάτρης","lemma":"πάτρα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to τηλόθι","gloss":"homeland"}]},{"number":462,"label":"462","id":"b16-l462","source":"οἳ δʼ ὅτε δὴ σχεδὸν ἦσαν ἐπʼ ἀλλήλοισιν ἰόντες,","translation":"Now when they had come near, advancing on one another,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l462.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine 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ἦσαν","gloss":"advancing"}]},{"number":463,"label":"463","id":"b16-l463","source":"ἔνθʼ ἤτοι Πάτροκλος ἀγακλειτὸν Θρασύμηλον,","translation":"then Patroclus struck renowned Thrasymelus,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l463.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βάλε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἤτοι","lemma":"ἤτοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Πάτροκλος","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βάλε","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"ἀγακλειτὸν","lemma":"ἀγακλειτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Θρασύμηλον","gloss":"famed"},{"surface":"Θρασύμηλον","lemma":"Θρασύμηλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"Thrasymelus"}]},{"number":464,"label":"464","id":"b16-l464","source":"ὅς ῥʼ ἠῢς θεράπων Σαρπηδόνος ἦεν ἄνακτος,","translation":"who was the noble attendant of lord Sarpedon,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l464.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦεν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἠῢς","lemma":"ἐύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεράπων","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"θεράπων","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"attendant"},{"surface":"Σαρπηδόνος","lemma":"Σαρπηδών","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θεράπων","gloss":"Sarpedon"},{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Θρασύμηλον","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Σαρπηδόνος","gloss":"lord"}]},{"number":465,"label":"465","id":"b16-l465","source":"τὸν βάλε νείαιραν κατὰ γαστέρα, λῦσε δὲ γυῖα.","translation":"low in the belly, and loosed his limbs.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l465.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"νείαιραν","lemma":"νείαιρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαστέρα","gloss":"lower"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"γαστέρα","lemma":"γαστήρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"belly"},{"surface":"λῦσε","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"loosed"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γυῖα","lemma":"γυῖον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of λῦσε","gloss":"limbs"}]},{"number":466,"label":"466","id":"b16-l466","source":"Σαρπηδὼν δʼ αὐτοῦ μὲν ἀπήμβροτε δουρὶ φαεινῷ","translation":"But Sarpedon missed him with his gleaming spear","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l466.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Σαρπηδὼν","lemma":"Σαρπηδών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπήμβροτε","gloss":"Sarpedon"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀπήμβροτε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀπήμβροτε","lemma":"ἀφαμαρτάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"missed"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπήμβροτε","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"φαεινῷ","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δουρὶ","gloss":"shining"}]},{"number":467,"label":"467","id":"b16-l467","source":"δεύτερον ὁρμηθείς, ὃ δὲ Πήδασον οὔτασεν ἵππον","translation":"on his second cast, but wounded the horse Pedasus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l467.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεύτερον","lemma":"δεύτερος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ὁρμηθείς","gloss":"second"},{"surface":"ὁρμηθείς","lemma":"ὁρμάω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπήμβροτε","gloss":"casting"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of οὔτασεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πήδασον","lemma":"Πήδασος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Pedasus"},{"surface":"οὔτασεν","lemma":"οὐτάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wounded"},{"surface":"ἵππον","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"horse"}]},{"number":468,"label":"468","id":"b16-l468","source":"ἔγχεϊ δεξιὸν ὦμον· ὃ δʼ ἔβραχε θυμὸν ἀΐσθων,","translation":"with the spear in his right shoulder; he screamed as he breathed his spirit out,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l468.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔγχεϊ","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to οὔτασεν","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"δεξιὸν","lemma":"δεξιός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὦμον","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"ὦμον","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to οὔτασεν","gloss":"shoulder"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔβραχε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔβραχε","lemma":"βραχεῖν","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"screamed"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀΐσθων","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"ἀΐσθων","lemma":"ἀίσθω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔβραχε","gloss":"breathing out"}]},{"number":469,"label":"469","id":"b16-l469","source":"κὰδ δʼ ἔπεσʼ ἐν κονίῃσι μακών, ἀπὸ δʼ ἔπτατο θυμός.","translation":"and fell in the dust with a whinny, and his life flew away.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l469.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κὰδ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down","note":"Epic apocope; in tmesis with the verb, it gives “fell down.”"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπεσ","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κονίῃσι","lemma":"κονία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"the dust"},{"surface":"μακών","lemma":"μηκάομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔπεσ̓","gloss":"whinnying"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"from","note":"In tmesis with the verb: his life “flew away.”"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπτατο","lemma":"πέτομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flew"},{"surface":"θυμός","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔπτατο","gloss":"life"}]},{"number":470,"label":"470","id":"b16-l470","source":"τὼ δὲ διαστήτην, κρίκε δὲ ζυγόν, ἡνία δέ σφι","translation":"The other two drew apart, the yoke creaked, and their reins","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l470.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of διαστήτην","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"διαστήτην","lemma":"διίστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"parted"},{"surface":"κρίκε","lemma":"κρίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"creaked"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ζυγόν","lemma":"ζυγόν","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of κρίκε","gloss":"yoke"},{"surface":"ἡνία","lemma":"ἡνία","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of σύγχυτ̓","gloss":"reins"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφι","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to σύγχυτ̓","gloss":"for them"}]},{"number":471,"label":"471","id":"b16-l471","source":"σύγχυτʼ, ἐπεὶ δὴ κεῖτο παρήορος ἐν κονίῃσι.","translation":"tangled together, now that the trace-horse lay in the dust.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l471.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σύγχυτ","lemma":"συγχέω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tangled together"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κεῖτο","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"παρήορος","lemma":"παρήορος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"trace-horse"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κονίῃσι","lemma":"κονία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the dust"}]},{"number":472,"label":"472","id":"b16-l472","source":"τοῖο μὲν Αὐτομέδων δουρικλυτὸς εὕρετο τέκμωρ·","translation":"But Automedon, famed with the spear, found the remedy:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l472.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖο","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies τέκμωρ","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Αὐτομέδων","lemma":"Αὐτομέδων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εὕρετο","gloss":"Automedon"},{"surface":"δουρικλυτὸς","lemma":"δουρικλειτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αὐτομέδων","gloss":"famed with spear"},{"surface":"εὕρετο","lemma":"εὑρίσκω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"τέκμωρ","lemma":"τέκμαρ","morphology":"irregular","role":"object of εὕρετο","gloss":"remedy"}]},{"number":473,"label":"473","id":"b16-l473","source":"σπασσάμενος τανύηκες ἄορ παχέος παρὰ μηροῦ","translation":"drawing the long-edged sword from beside his sturdy thigh,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l473.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σπασσάμενος","lemma":"σπάω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπέκοψε","gloss":"drawing"},{"surface":"τανύηκες","lemma":"τανυήκης","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄορ","gloss":"long-edged"},{"surface":"ἄορ","lemma":"ἄορ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of σπασσάμενος","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"παχέος","lemma":"παχύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μηροῦ","gloss":"sturdy"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"μηροῦ","lemma":"μηρός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"thigh"}]},{"number":474,"label":"474","id":"b16-l474","source":"ἀΐξας ἀπέκοψε παρήορον οὐδʼ ἐμάτησε·","translation":"he sprang and cut the trace-horse free, and did not fail.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l474.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀΐξας","lemma":"ἀίσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπέκοψε","gloss":"darting"},{"surface":"ἀπέκοψε","lemma":"ἀποκόπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cut off"},{"surface":"παρήορον","lemma":"παρήορος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀπέκοψε","gloss":"trace-horse"},{"surface":"ἐμάτησε","lemma":"ματάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"failed"}]},{"number":475,"label":"475","id":"b16-l475","source":"τὼ δʼ ἰθυνθήτην, ἐν δὲ ῥυτῆρσι τάνυσθεν·","translation":"The pair straightened out and pulled taut in the reins;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l475.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἰθυνθήτην","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰθυνθήτην","lemma":"ἰθύνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"straightened out"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥυτῆρσι","lemma":"ῥυτήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"reins"},{"surface":"τάνυσθεν","lemma":"τανύω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pulled taut"}]},{"number":476,"label":"476","id":"b16-l476","source":"τὼ δʼ αὖτις συνίτην ἔριδος πέρι θυμοβόροιο.","translation":"and the two men met again over heart-devouring strife.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l476.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of συνίτην","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to συνίτην","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"συνίτην","lemma":"σύνειμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"met"},{"surface":"ἔριδος","lemma":"ἔρις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to πέρι","gloss":"strife"},{"surface":"πέρι","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"θυμοβόροιο","lemma":"θυμοβόρος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἔριδος","gloss":"heart-devouring"}]},{"number":477,"label":"477","id":"b16-l477","source":"ἔνθʼ αὖ Σαρπηδὼν μὲν ἀπήμβροτε δουρὶ φαεινῷ,","translation":"Once more Sarpedon missed with his gleaming spear,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l477.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"once more"},{"surface":"Σαρπηδὼν","lemma":"Σαρπηδών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπήμβροτε","gloss":"Sarpedon"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀπήμβροτε","lemma":"ἀφαμαρτάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"missed"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπήμβροτε","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"φαεινῷ","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δουρὶ","gloss":"shining"}]},{"number":478,"label":"478","id":"b16-l478","source":"Πατρόκλου δʼ ὑπὲρ ὦμον ἀριστερὸν ἤλυθʼ ἀκωκὴ","translation":"and the spearpoint passed over Patroclus' left shoulder,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l478.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πατρόκλου","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὦμον","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπὲρ","lemma":"ὑπέρ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ὦμον","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπὲρ","gloss":"shoulder"},{"surface":"ἀριστερὸν","lemma":"ἀριστερός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὦμον","gloss":"the left"},{"surface":"ἤλυθ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"passed"},{"surface":"ἀκωκὴ","lemma":"ἀκωκή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἤλυθ̓","gloss":"point"}]},{"number":479,"label":"479","id":"b16-l479","source":"ἔγχεος, οὐδʼ ἔβαλʼ αὐτόν· ὃ δʼ ὕστερος ὄρνυτο χαλκῷ","translation":"of the spear, and did not strike him; then he in turn sprang with the bronze,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l479.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔγχεος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ἀκωκὴ","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"ἔβαλ","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"αὐτόν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἔβαλ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies Πάτροκλος","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"ὕστερος","lemma":"ὕστερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"ὄρνυτο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sprang"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὄρνυτο","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":480,"label":"480","id":"b16-l480","source":"Πάτροκλος· τοῦ δʼ οὐχ ἅλιον βέλος ἔκφυγε χειρός,","translation":"Patroclus; but the shot did not fly vainly from his hand,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l480.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πάτροκλος","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὄρνυτο","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies χειρός","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐχ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἅλιον","lemma":"ἅλιος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"vainly"},{"surface":"βέλος","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔκφυγε","gloss":"shaft"},{"surface":"ἔκφυγε","lemma":"ἐκφεύγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"escaped"},{"surface":"χειρός","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔκφυγε","gloss":"from his hand"}]},{"number":481,"label":"481","id":"b16-l481","source":"ἀλλʼ ἔβαλʼ ἔνθʼ ἄρα τε φρένες ἔρχαται ἀμφʼ ἁδινὸν κῆρ.","translation":"but struck where the midriff closes round the strong heart.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l481.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"φρένες ἔρχαται ἀμφʼ ἁδινὸν κῆρ","title":"The fatal place","body":"φρένες here names the organs or midriff enclosing the heart, not abstract thought. Homer locates Patroclus' spear physically at the body's vital center before the tree-felling simile opens."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔβαλ","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔρχαται","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φρένες","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔρχαται","gloss":"midriff"},{"surface":"ἔρχαται","lemma":"ἔργνυμι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἔβαλ̓","gloss":"closes round"},{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"ἁδινὸν","lemma":"ἀδινός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῆρ","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"κῆρ","lemma":"κῆρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀμφ̓","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":482,"label":"482","id":"b16-l482","source":"ἤριπε δʼ ὡς ὅτε τις δρῦς ἤριπεν ἢ ἀχερωῒς","translation":"He crashed down as when some oak falls, or white poplar,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l482.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤριπε","lemma":"ἐρείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies δρῦς","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"δρῦς","lemma":"δρῦς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἠὲ","gloss":"oak"},{"surface":"ἤριπεν","lemma":"ἐρείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"falls"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἀχερωῒς","lemma":"ἀχερωίς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἠὲ","gloss":"white poplar"}]},{"number":483,"label":"483","id":"b16-l483","source":"ἠὲ πίτυς βλωθρή, τήν τʼ οὔρεσι τέκτονες ἄνδρες","translation":"or tall pine, which shipwrights in the mountains","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l483.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"πίτυς","lemma":"πίτυς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἠὲ","gloss":"pine"},{"surface":"βλωθρή","lemma":"βλωθρός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πίτυς","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"τήν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἐξέταμον","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὔρεσι","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐξέταμον","gloss":"mountains"},{"surface":"τέκτονες","lemma":"τέκτων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄνδρες","gloss":"shipwrights"},{"surface":"ἄνδρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐξέταμον","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":484,"label":"484","id":"b16-l484","source":"ἐξέταμον πελέκεσσι νεήκεσι νήϊον εἶναι·","translation":"cut down with newly whetted axes to be ship timber;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l484.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξέταμον","lemma":"ἐκτέμνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing πίτυς","gloss":"cut down"},{"surface":"πελέκεσσι","lemma":"πέλεκυς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐξέταμον","gloss":"with axes"},{"surface":"νεήκεσι","lemma":"νεηκής","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies πελέκεσσι","gloss":"newly whetted"},{"surface":"νήϊον","lemma":"νήιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"for ship"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἐξέταμον","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":485,"label":"485","id":"b16-l485","source":"ὣς ὃ πρόσθʼ ἵππων καὶ δίφρου κεῖτο τανυσθεὶς","translation":"so he lay stretched before the horses and chariot,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l485.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κεῖτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κεῖτο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"πρόσθ","lemma":"πρόσθεν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δίφρου","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"κεῖτο","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"τανυσθεὶς","lemma":"τανύω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κεῖτο","gloss":"stretched out"}]},{"number":486,"label":"486","id":"b16-l486","source":"βεβρυχὼς κόνιος δεδραγμένος αἱματοέσσης.","translation":"groaning and clutching the blood-soaked dust.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l486.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βεβρυχὼς","lemma":"βρυχάομαι","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κεῖτο","gloss":"groaning"},{"surface":"κόνιος","lemma":"κόνις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of δεδραγμένος","gloss":"dust"},{"surface":"δεδραγμένος","lemma":"δράσσομαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κεῖτο","gloss":"clutching"},{"surface":"αἱματοέσσης","lemma":"αἱματόεις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κόνιος","gloss":"blood-soaked"}]},{"number":487,"label":"487","id":"b16-l487","source":"ἠΰτε ταῦρον ἔπεφνε λέων ἀγέληφι μετελθὼν","translation":"As a lion entering a herd kills a bull,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l487.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠΰτε","lemma":"ἠύτε","morphology":"particle","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ταῦρον","lemma":"ταῦρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔπεφνε","gloss":"a bull"},{"surface":"ἔπεφνε","lemma":"θείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"λέων","lemma":"λέων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔπεφνε","gloss":"a lion"},{"surface":"ἀγέληφι","lemma":"ἀγέλη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of μετελθὼν","gloss":"in the herd"},{"surface":"μετελθὼν","lemma":"μετέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔπεφνε","gloss":"come among"}]},{"number":488,"label":"488","id":"b16-l488","source":"αἴθωνα μεγάθυμον ἐν εἰλιπόδεσσι βόεσσι,","translation":"a tawny, great-hearted one among shambling cattle,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l488.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἴθωνα","lemma":"αἴθων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ταῦρον","gloss":"tawny"},{"surface":"μεγάθυμον","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ταῦρον","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"εἰλιπόδεσσι","lemma":"εἰλίπους","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βόεσσι","gloss":"shambling"},{"surface":"βόεσσι","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"cattle"}]},{"number":489,"label":"489","id":"b16-l489","source":"ὤλετό τε στενάχων ὑπὸ γαμφηλῇσι λέοντος,","translation":"and it dies groaning beneath the lion's jaws,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l489.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤλετό","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"died"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στενάχων","lemma":"στενάχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὤλετό","gloss":"groaning"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"γαμφηλῇσι","lemma":"γαμφηλαί","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὸ","gloss":"jaws"},{"surface":"λέοντος","lemma":"λέων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies γαμφηλῇσι","gloss":"lion"}]},{"number":490,"label":"490","id":"b16-l490","source":"ὣς ὑπὸ Πατρόκλῳ Λυκίων ἀγὸς ἀσπιστάων","translation":"so beneath Patroclus the leader of shield-bearing Lycians","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l490.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μενέαινε","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"Πατρόκλῳ","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"Λυκίων","lemma":"Λύκιοι","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀγὸς","gloss":"of the Lycians"},{"surface":"ἀγὸς","lemma":"ἀγός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μενέαινε","gloss":"leader"},{"surface":"ἀσπιστάων","lemma":"ἀσπιστής","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies Λυκίων","gloss":"shield-bearers"}]},{"number":491,"label":"491","id":"b16-l491","source":"κτεινόμενος μενέαινε, φίλον δʼ ὀνόμηνεν ἑταῖρον·","translation":"raged as he was slain, and called his dear companion by name:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l491.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κτεινόμενος","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μενέαινε","gloss":"slain"},{"surface":"μενέαινε","lemma":"μενεαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"raged"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖρον","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀνόμηνεν","lemma":"ὀνομαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called by name"},{"surface":"ἑταῖρον","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀνόμηνεν","gloss":"companion"}]},{"number":492,"label":"492","id":"b16-l492","source":"Γλαῦκε πέπον πολεμιστὰ μετʼ ἀνδράσι νῦν σε μάλα χρὴ","translation":"\"Dear Glaucus, warrior among men, now for you above all is the need","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l492.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Γλαῦκε","lemma":"Γλαῦκος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Glaucus"},{"surface":"πέπον","lemma":"πέπων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Γλαῦκε","gloss":"friend"},{"surface":"πολεμιστὰ","lemma":"πολεμιστής","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Γλαῦκε","gloss":"warrior"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἀνδράσι","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies μετ̓","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to χρὴ","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔμεναι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to χρὴ","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"χρὴ","lemma":"χρή","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is the need"}]},{"number":493,"label":"493","id":"b16-l493","source":"αἰχμητήν τʼ ἔμεναι καὶ θαρσαλέον πολεμιστήν·","translation":"for being a spearman and a courageous warrior!","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l493.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰχμητήν","lemma":"αἰχμητής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"spearman"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject of χρὴ","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θαρσαλέον","lemma":"θαρσαλέος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πολεμιστήν","gloss":"courageous"},{"surface":"πολεμιστήν","lemma":"πολεμιστής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"warrior"}]},{"number":494,"label":"494","id":"b16-l494","source":"νῦν τοι ἐελδέσθω πόλεμος κακός, εἰ θοός ἐσσι.","translation":"Now let bitter battle be your desire, if you are swift.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l494.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐελδέσθω","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐελδέσθω","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἐελδέσθω","lemma":"ἔλδομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"be your desire"},{"surface":"πόλεμος","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐελδέσθω","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"κακός","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόλεμος","gloss":"bitter"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"θοός","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἐσσι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"you are"}]},{"number":495,"label":"495","id":"b16-l495","source":"πρῶτα μὲν ὄτρυνον Λυκίων ἡγήτορας ἄνδρας","translation":"First urge on the leaders of the Lycians,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l495.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρῶτα","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ὄτρυνον","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὄτρυνον","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urge on"},{"surface":"Λυκίων","lemma":"Λύκιοι","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄνδρας","gloss":"of the Lycians"},{"surface":"ἡγήτορας","lemma":"ἡγήτωρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄνδρας","gloss":"leaders"},{"surface":"ἄνδρας","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὄτρυνον","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":496,"label":"496","id":"b16-l496","source":"πάντῃ ἐποιχόμενος Σαρπηδόνος ἀμφιμάχεσθαι·","translation":"going everywhere to fight around Sarpedon.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l496.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντῃ","lemma":"πάντῃ","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐποιχόμενος","gloss":"everywhere"},{"surface":"ἐποιχόμενος","lemma":"ἐποίχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὄτρυνον","gloss":"ranging"},{"surface":"Σαρπηδόνος","lemma":"Σαρπηδών","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφιμάχεσθαι","gloss":"Sarpedon"},{"surface":"ἀμφιμάχεσθαι","lemma":"ἀμφιμάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ὄτρυνον","gloss":"fight around"}]},{"number":497,"label":"497","id":"b16-l497","source":"αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα καὶ αὐτὸς ἐμεῦ πέρι μάρναο χαλκῷ.","translation":"Then fight yourself around me with the bronze.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l497.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μάρναο","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"ἐμεῦ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to πέρι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"πέρι","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"μάρναο","lemma":"μάρναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fight"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μάρναο","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":498,"label":"498","id":"b16-l498","source":"σοὶ γὰρ ἐγὼ καὶ ἔπειτα κατηφείη καὶ ὄνειδος","translation":"For afterward I shall be shame and reproach to you","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l498.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔσσομαι","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔσσομαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσσομαι","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κατηφείη","lemma":"κατήφεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"shame"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄνειδος","lemma":"ὄνειδος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"reproach"}]},{"number":499,"label":"499","id":"b16-l499","source":"ἔσσομαι ἤματα πάντα διαμπερές, εἴ κέ μʼ Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"for all your days without end, if the Achaeans are allowed","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l499.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσσομαι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I shall be"},{"surface":"ἤματα","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἔσσομαι","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἤματα","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"διαμπερές","lemma":"διαμπερές","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσσομαι","gloss":"without end"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of συλήσωσι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of συλήσωσι","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":500,"label":"500","id":"b16-l500","source":"τεύχεα συλήσωσι νεῶν ἐν ἀγῶνι πεσόντα.","translation":"to strip my armor where I fell in the gathering at the ships.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l500.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of συλήσωσι","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"συλήσωσι","lemma":"συλάω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"strip"},{"surface":"νεῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀγῶνι","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἀγῶνι","lemma":"ἀγών","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"gathering"},{"surface":"πεσόντα","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies μ̓","gloss":"fallen"}]},{"number":501,"label":"501","id":"b16-l501","source":"ἀλλʼ ἔχεο κρατερῶς, ὄτρυνε δὲ λαὸν ἅπαντα.","translation":"But hold fast with all your strength, and urge the whole host.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l501.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔχεο","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hold fast"},{"surface":"κρατερῶς","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχεο","gloss":"with all your strength"},{"surface":"ὄτρυνε","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urge on"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λαὸν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὄτρυνε","gloss":"host"},{"surface":"ἅπαντα","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λαὸν","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":502,"label":"502","id":"b16-l502","source":"ὣς ἄρα μιν εἰπόντα τέλος θανάτοιο κάλυψεν","translation":"As he spoke, death's end covered","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l502.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"τέλος θανάτοιο κάλυψεν","title":"The completion of death","body":"τέλος θανάτοιο is the end or fulfillment of death, figured as something that covers Sarpedon. It arrives only after he has completed his final command to Glaucus."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπόντα","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κάλυψεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"εἰπόντα","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies μιν","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"τέλος","lemma":"τέλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of κάλυψεν","gloss":"end"},{"surface":"θανάτοιο","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τέλος","gloss":"of death"},{"surface":"κάλυψεν","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"covered"}]},{"number":503,"label":"503","id":"b16-l503","source":"ὀφθαλμοὺς ῥῖνάς θʼ· ὃ δὲ λὰξ ἐν στήθεσι βαίνων","translation":"his eyes and nostrils; Patroclus set his heel upon his chest","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l503.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀφθαλμοὺς","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to θ̓","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"ῥῖνάς","lemma":"ῥίς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to θ̓","gloss":"nostrils"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕλκε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λὰξ","lemma":"λάξ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βαίνων","gloss":"with his heel"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσι","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"his chest"},{"surface":"βαίνων","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕλκε","gloss":"setting his heel"}]},{"number":504,"label":"504","id":"b16-l504","source":"ἐκ χροὸς ἕλκε δόρυ, προτὶ δὲ φρένες αὐτῷ ἕποντο·","translation":"and drew the spear from his flesh; his midriff followed it out.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l504.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"προτὶ δὲ φρένες αὐτῷ ἕποντο","title":"The spear withdrawn","body":"The plural φρένες is anatomical here, the organs or midriff around the heart pierced at line 481. Homer makes the withdrawal as physical as the thrust: Patroclus braces the corpse with his heel, and the pierced tissue follows the spear out."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"χροὸς","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"flesh"},{"surface":"ἕλκε","lemma":"ἕλκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew"},{"surface":"δόρυ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἕλκε","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"προτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φρένες","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἕποντο","gloss":"midriff"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἕποντο","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ἕποντο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"}]},{"number":505,"label":"505","id":"b16-l505","source":"τοῖο δʼ ἅμα ψυχήν τε καὶ ἔγχεος ἐξέρυσʼ αἰχμήν.","translation":"At once he drew out both his life-breath and the spearhead.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l505.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖο","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐξέρυσ̓","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ψυχήν","lemma":"ψυχή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"life-breath"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔγχεος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies αἰχμήν","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"ἐξέρυσ","lemma":"ἐξερύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew out"},{"surface":"αἰχμήν","lemma":"αἰχμή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"spearpoint"}]},{"number":506,"label":"506","id":"b16-l506","source":"Μυρμιδόνες δʼ αὐτοῦ σχέθον ἵππους φυσιόωντας","translation":"There the Myrmidons held back the snorting horses,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l506.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μυρμιδόνες","lemma":"Μυρμιδόνες","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of σχέθον","gloss":"Myrmidons"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to σχέθον","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"σχέθον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they held"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of σχέθον","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"φυσιόωντας","lemma":"φυσιάω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"snorting"}]},{"number":507,"label":"507","id":"b16-l507","source":"ἱεμένους φοβέεσθαι, ἐπεὶ λίπον ἅρματʼ ἀνάκτων.","translation":"eager to flee, since they had left their lords' chariots.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l507.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἱεμένους","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"eager"},{"surface":"φοβέεσθαι","lemma":"φοβέω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἱεμένους","gloss":"to flee"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"λίπον","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"had left"},{"surface":"ἅρματ","lemma":"ἅρμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of λίπον","gloss":"chariots"},{"surface":"ἀνάκτων","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἅρματ̓","gloss":"of their lords"}]},{"number":508,"label":"508","id":"b16-l508","source":"Γλαύκῳ δʼ αἰνὸν ἄχος γένετο φθογγῆς ἀΐοντι·","translation":"Terrible grief came upon Glaucus when he heard that voice;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l508.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"αἰνὸν ἄχος","title":"Grief that drives action","body":"The phrase joins the forceful adjective αἰνός to ἄχος, grief or anguish. Glaucus' pain at Sarpedon's last words immediately becomes the impulse to seek healing and rally the allies."}],"words":[{"surface":"Γλαύκῳ","lemma":"Γλαῦκος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to γένετο","gloss":"upon Glaucus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰνὸν","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄχος","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"ἄχος","lemma":"ἄχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of γένετο","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"γένετο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"arose"},{"surface":"φθογγῆς","lemma":"φθογγή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀΐοντι","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"ἀΐοντι","lemma":"ἀίω","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"modifies Γλαύκῳ","gloss":"hearing"}]},{"number":509,"label":"509","id":"b16-l509","source":"ὠρίνθη δέ οἱ ἦτορ ὅ τʼ οὐ δύνατο προσαμῦναι.","translation":"his heart was stirred, for he could not come to his aid.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l509.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὠρίνθη","lemma":"ὀρίνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stirred"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἦτορ","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ὠρίνθη","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δύνατο","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅ","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"προσαμῦναι","lemma":"προσαμύνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δύνατο","gloss":"defend"}]},{"number":510,"label":"510","id":"b16-l510","source":"χειρὶ δʼ ἑλὼν ἐπίεζε βραχίονα· τεῖρε γὰρ αὐτὸν","translation":"Grasping his arm with his hand, he pressed it hard, for he was tormented","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l510.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χειρὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπίεζε","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑλὼν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπίεζε","gloss":"having seized"},{"surface":"ἐπίεζε","lemma":"πιέζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pressed"},{"surface":"βραχίονα","lemma":"βραχίων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπίεζε","gloss":"arm"},{"surface":"τεῖρε","lemma":"τείρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was tormented"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of τεῖρε","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":511,"label":"511","id":"b16-l511","source":"ἕλκος, ὃ δή μιν Τεῦκρος ἐπεσσύμενον βάλεν ἰῷ","translation":"by the wound Teucer had dealt him with an arrow as Glaucus rushed","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l511.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕλκος","lemma":"ἕλκος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of τεῖρε","gloss":"wound"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of βάλεν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of βάλεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"Τεῦκρος","lemma":"Τεῦκρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βάλεν","gloss":"Teucer"},{"surface":"ἐπεσσύμενον","lemma":"ἐπισεύω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies μιν","gloss":"rushing"},{"surface":"βάλεν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἕλκος","gloss":"dealt"},{"surface":"ἰῷ","lemma":"ἰός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to βάλεν","gloss":"arrow"}]},{"number":512,"label":"512","id":"b16-l512","source":"τείχεος ὑψηλοῖο, ἀρὴν ἑτάροισιν ἀμύνων.","translation":"upon the high wall, while Teucer warded ruin from his comrades.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l512.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τείχεος","lemma":"τεῖχος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπεσσύμενον","gloss":"the wall"},{"surface":"ὑψηλοῖο","lemma":"ὑψηλός","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τείχεος","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"ἀρὴν","lemma":"ἀρή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀμύνων","gloss":"destruction"},{"surface":"ἑτάροισιν","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμύνων","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"ἀμύνων","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βάλεν","gloss":"warding"}]},{"number":513,"label":"513","id":"b16-l513","source":"εὐχόμενος δʼ ἄρα εἶπεν ἑκηβόλῳ Ἀπόλλωνι·","translation":"Then in prayer he spoke to far-shooting Apollo:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l513.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἑκηβόλῳ Ἀπόλλωνι","title":"Far-shooting Apollo","body":"ἑκηβόλος is Apollo's standing far-shooting epithet. Glaucus appeals to the god whose power reaches across distance, just as the prayer says Apollo can hear him in either Lycia or Troy."}],"words":[{"surface":"εὐχόμενος","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἶπεν","gloss":"praying"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"εἶπεν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"ἑκηβόλῳ","lemma":"ἑκηβόλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλωνι","gloss":"far-shooting"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλωνι","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἶπεν","gloss":"to Apollo"}]},{"number":514,"label":"514","id":"b16-l514","source":"κλῦθι ἄναξ ὅς που Λυκίης ἐν πίονι δήμῳ","translation":"\"Hear me, lord, wherever you are in the rich land of Lycia,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l514.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κλῦθι","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hear"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἲς","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"Λυκίης","lemma":"Λυκία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies δήμῳ","gloss":"Lycia"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πίονι","lemma":"πίων","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δήμῳ","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"δήμῳ","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":515,"label":"515","id":"b16-l515","source":"εἲς ἢ ἐνὶ Τροίῃ· δύνασαι δὲ σὺ πάντοσʼ ἀκούειν","translation":"or in Troy; for you can hear everywhere","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l515.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἲς","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἄναξ","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Τροίῃ","lemma":"Τροία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"δύνασαι","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δύνασαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"πάντοσ","lemma":"πάντοσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δύνασαι","gloss":"everywhere"},{"surface":"ἀκούειν","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of δύνασαι","gloss":"hear"}]},{"number":516,"label":"516","id":"b16-l516","source":"ἀνέρι κηδομένῳ, ὡς νῦν ἐμὲ κῆδος ἱκάνει.","translation":"a man in distress, as distress has now come upon me.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l516.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνέρι","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀκούειν","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"κηδομένῳ","lemma":"κήδω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative singular masculine","role":"modifies ἀνέρι","gloss":"in distress"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἱκάνει","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἐμὲ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἱκάνει","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"κῆδος","lemma":"κῆδος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἱκάνει","gloss":"trouble"},{"surface":"ἱκάνει","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"reaches"}]},{"number":517,"label":"517","id":"b16-l517","source":"ἕλκος μὲν γὰρ ἔχω τόδε καρτερόν, ἀμφὶ δέ μοι χεὶρ","translation":"For I have this grievous wound, and all around my hand","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l517.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕλκος","lemma":"ἕλκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχω","gloss":"wound"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔχω","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I have"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἕλκος","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"καρτερόν","lemma":"καρτερός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἕλκος","gloss":"grievous"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies χεὶρ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"χεὶρ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐλήλαται","gloss":"hand"}]},{"number":518,"label":"518","id":"b16-l518","source":"ὀξείῃς ὀδύνῃσιν ἐλήλαται, οὐδέ μοι αἷμα","translation":"is pierced with sharp pains, nor can my blood","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l518.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὀξείῃς ὀδύνῃσιν","title":"Sharp pains","body":"ὀξύς makes the pain physically sharp or piercing. The plural ὀδύνῃσιν presents repeated pangs running through Glaucus' wounded hand."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὀξείῃς","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὀδύνῃσιν","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"ὀδύνῃσιν","lemma":"ὀδύνη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐλήλαται","gloss":"pains"},{"surface":"ἐλήλαται","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is pierced"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies αἷμα","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"αἷμα","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of δύναται","gloss":"blood"}]},{"number":519,"label":"519","id":"b16-l519","source":"τερσῆναι δύναται, βαρύθει δέ μοι ὦμος ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ·","translation":"dry, and my shoulder is heavy because of it.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l519.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τερσῆναι","lemma":"τέρσομαι","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"object of δύναται","gloss":"dry"},{"surface":"δύναται","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"βαρύθει","lemma":"βαρύθω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is heavy"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὦμος","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ὦμος","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βαρύθει","gloss":"shoulder"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"because of"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ὑπ̓","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":520,"label":"520","id":"b16-l520","source":"ἔγχος δʼ οὐ δύναμαι σχεῖν ἔμπεδον, οὐδὲ μάχεσθαι","translation":"I cannot hold my spear steady, nor go and fight","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l520.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of σχεῖν","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δύναμαι","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"σχεῖν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δύναμαι","gloss":"hold"},{"surface":"ἔμπεδον","lemma":"ἔμπεδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to σχεῖν","gloss":"steadfast"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":521,"label":"521","id":"b16-l521","source":"ἐλθὼν δυσμενέεσσιν. ἀνὴρ δʼ ὤριστος ὄλωλε","translation":"against the enemy. The best of men has perished,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l521.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐλθὼν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μάχεσθαι","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"δυσμενέεσσιν","lemma":"δυσμενής","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of μάχεσθαι","gloss":"enemies"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὤριστος","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"ὄλωλε","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is lost"}]},{"number":522,"label":"522","id":"b16-l522","source":"Σαρπηδὼν Διὸς υἱός· ὃ δʼ οὐ οὗ παιδὸς ἀμύνει.","translation":"Sarpedon, son of Zeus; yet Zeus does not defend his own son.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l522.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Σαρπηδὼν","lemma":"Σαρπηδών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Sarpedon"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀμύνει","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"οὗ","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies παιδὸς","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"παιδὸς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμύνει","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἀμύνει","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"defend"}]},{"number":523,"label":"523","id":"b16-l523","source":"ἀλλὰ σύ πέρ μοι ἄναξ τόδε καρτερὸν ἕλκος ἄκεσσαι,","translation":"But you at least, lord, heal this grievous wound for me,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l523.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἄκεσσαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"πέρ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἄκεσσαι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἕλκος","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"καρτερὸν","lemma":"καρτερός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἕλκος","gloss":"grievous"},{"surface":"ἕλκος","lemma":"ἕλκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἄκεσσαι","gloss":"wound"},{"surface":"ἄκεσσαι","lemma":"ἀκέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heal"}]},{"number":524,"label":"524","id":"b16-l524","source":"κοίμησον δʼ ὀδύνας, δὸς δὲ κράτος, ὄφρʼ ἑτάροισι","translation":"still the pains, and give me strength, so that I may call","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l524.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κοίμησον","lemma":"κοιμάω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀδύνας","lemma":"ὀδύνη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of κοίμησον","gloss":"pains"},{"surface":"δὸς","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grant"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κράτος","lemma":"κράτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δὸς","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἑτάροισι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies Λυκίοισιν","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":525,"label":"525","id":"b16-l525","source":"κεκλόμενος Λυκίοισιν ἐποτρύνω πολεμίζειν,","translation":"to my Lycian comrades and urge them on to war,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l525.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεκλόμενος","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐποτρύνω","gloss":"calling"},{"surface":"Λυκίοισιν","lemma":"Λύκιοι","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κεκλόμενος","gloss":"Lycians"},{"surface":"ἐποτρύνω","lemma":"ἐποτρύνω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to τ̓","gloss":"urge on"},{"surface":"πολεμίζειν","lemma":"πολεμίζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐποτρύνω","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":526,"label":"526","id":"b16-l526","source":"αὐτός τʼ ἀμφὶ νέκυι κατατεθνηῶτι μάχωμαι.","translation":"and myself fight around the corpse of the dead man.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l526.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτός","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"νέκυι","lemma":"νέκυς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"corpse"},{"surface":"κατατεθνηῶτι","lemma":"καταθνήσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"modifies νέκυι","gloss":"dead"},{"surface":"μάχωμαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to τ̓","gloss":"fight"}]},{"number":527,"label":"527","id":"b16-l527","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ εὐχόμενος, τοῦ δʼ ἔκλυε Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων.","translation":"So he spoke in prayer, and Phoebus Apollo heard him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l527.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"εὐχόμενος","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"praying"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔκλυε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔκλυε","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"Φοῖβος","lemma":"Φοῖβος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"Phoebus"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔκλυε","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":528,"label":"528","id":"b16-l528","source":"αὐτίκα παῦσʼ ὀδύνας ἀπὸ δʼ ἕλκεος ἀργαλέοιο","translation":"At once he stopped the pains, and from the grievous wound","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l528.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παῦσ̓","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"παῦσ","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stopped"},{"surface":"ὀδύνας","lemma":"ὀδύνη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of παῦσ̓","gloss":"pains"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕλκεος","lemma":"ἕλκος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ἀπὸ","gloss":"wound"},{"surface":"ἀργαλέοιο","lemma":"ἀργαλέος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἕλκεος","gloss":"grievous"}]},{"number":529,"label":"529","id":"b16-l529","source":"αἷμα μέλαν τέρσηνε, μένος δέ οἱ ἔμβαλε θυμῷ.","translation":"dried the black blood, and put strength into his spirit.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l529.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἷμα","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τέρσηνε","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"μέλαν","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies αἷμα","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"τέρσηνε","lemma":"τερσαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dried"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔμβαλε","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies θυμῷ","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἔμβαλε","lemma":"ἐμβάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast into"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔμβαλε","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":530,"label":"530","id":"b16-l530","source":"Γλαῦκος δʼ ἔγνω ᾗσιν ἐνὶ φρεσὶ γήθησέν τε","translation":"Glaucus knew it in his own mind and rejoiced","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l530.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Γλαῦκος","lemma":"Γλαῦκος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔγνω","gloss":"Glaucus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔγνω","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"ᾗσιν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρεσὶ","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"γήθησέν","lemma":"γηθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rejoiced"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":531,"label":"531","id":"b16-l531","source":"ὅττί οἱ ὦκʼ ἤκουσε μέγας θεὸς εὐξαμένοιο.","translation":"that the great god had quickly heard him as he prayed.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l531.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅττί","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἤκουσε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ὦκ","lemma":"ὦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤκουσε","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"ἤκουσε","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅττί","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"μέγας","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεὸς","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤκουσε","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"εὐξαμένοιο","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"object of ἤκουσε","gloss":"praying"}]},{"number":532,"label":"532","id":"b16-l532","source":"πρῶτα μὲν ὄτρυνεν Λυκίων ἡγήτορας ἄνδρας","translation":"First he urged the leaders of the Lycians,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l532.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρῶτα","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter superlative adjective","role":"adverbial to ὄτρυνεν","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὄτρυνεν","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urged"},{"surface":"Λυκίων","lemma":"Λύκιοι","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἡγήτορας","gloss":"of the Lycians"},{"surface":"ἡγήτορας","lemma":"ἡγήτωρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄνδρας","gloss":"leaders"},{"surface":"ἄνδρας","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὄτρυνεν","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":533,"label":"533","id":"b16-l533","source":"πάντῃ ἐποιχόμενος Σαρπηδόνος ἀμφιμάχεσθαι·","translation":"going everywhere to fight around Sarpedon.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l533.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντῃ","lemma":"πάντῃ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐποιχόμενος","gloss":"everywhere"},{"surface":"ἐποιχόμενος","lemma":"ἐποίχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὄτρυνεν","gloss":"ranging"},{"surface":"Σαρπηδόνος","lemma":"Σαρπηδών","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφιμάχεσθαι","gloss":"Sarpedon"},{"surface":"ἀμφιμάχεσθαι","lemma":"ἀμφιμάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ὄτρυνεν","gloss":"fight around"}]},{"number":534,"label":"534","id":"b16-l534","source":"αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα μετὰ Τρῶας κίε μακρὰ βιβάσθων","translation":"Then he went among the Trojans with long strides,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l534.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κίε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"Τρῶας","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"κίε","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"μακρὰ","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to βιβάσθων","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"βιβάσθων","lemma":"βιβάσθω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κίε","gloss":"striding"}]},{"number":535,"label":"535","id":"b16-l535","source":"Πουλυδάμαντʼ ἔπι Πανθοΐδην καὶ Ἀγήνορα δῖον,","translation":"toward Polydamas, son of Panthous, and godlike Agenor;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l535.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Πουλυδάμαντʼ ἔπι Πανθοΐδην","title":"Polydamas, son of Panthous","body":"The patronymic Πανθοΐδης identifies Polydamas as the son of Panthous. Glaucus seeks him and Agenor before moving on to Aeneas and Hector, widening the rally through the Trojan command."}],"words":[{"surface":"Πουλυδάμαντ","lemma":"Πουλυδάμας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Polydamas"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Πανθοΐδην","lemma":"Πανθοίδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Panthoos' son"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀγήνορα","lemma":"Ἀγήνωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Agenor"},{"surface":"δῖον","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀγήνορα","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":536,"label":"536","id":"b16-l536","source":"βῆ δὲ μετʼ Αἰνείαν τε καὶ Ἕκτορα χαλκοκορυστήν,","translation":"then he went in search of Aeneas and bronze-helmed Hector.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l536.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in search of"},{"surface":"Αἰνείαν","lemma":"Αἰνείας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορα","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"χαλκοκορυστήν","lemma":"χαλκοκορυστής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορα","gloss":"bronze-helmed"}]},{"number":537,"label":"537","id":"b16-l537","source":"ἀγχοῦ δʼ ἱστάμενος ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"Standing close beside him, he addressed him with winged words:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l537.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγχοῦ","lemma":"ἀγχοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἱστάμενος","gloss":"close beside"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱστάμενος","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":538,"label":"538","id":"b16-l538","source":"Ἕκτορ νῦν δὴ πάγχυ λελασμένος εἰς ἐπικούρων,","translation":"\"Hector, now you have utterly forgotten the allies,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l538.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰς","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πάγχυ","lemma":"πάγχυ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λελασμένος","gloss":"utterly"},{"surface":"λελασμένος","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"forgot"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"ἐπικούρων","lemma":"ἐπίκουρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of λελασμένος","gloss":"allies"}]},{"number":539,"label":"539","id":"b16-l539","source":"οἳ σέθεν εἵνεκα τῆλε φίλων καὶ πατρίδος αἴης","translation":"who for your sake, far from friends and their native land,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l539.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀποφθινύθουσι","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"σέθεν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἵνεκα","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"εἵνεκα","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for the sake of"},{"surface":"τῆλε","lemma":"τῆλε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"far off"},{"surface":"φίλων","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"friends"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πατρίδος","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἴης","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"αἴης","lemma":"αἶα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":540,"label":"540","id":"b16-l540","source":"θυμὸν ἀποφθινύθουσι· σὺ δʼ οὐκ ἐθέλεις ἐπαμύνειν.","translation":"are wasting their lives away; yet you will not defend them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l540.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀποφθινύθουσι","gloss":"lives"},{"surface":"ἀποφθινύθουσι","lemma":"ἀποφθινύθω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἐπικούρων","gloss":"are dying away"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐθέλεις","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐθέλεις","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you wish"},{"surface":"ἐπαμύνειν","lemma":"ἐπαμύνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλεις","gloss":"defend"}]},{"number":541,"label":"541","id":"b16-l541","source":"κεῖται Σαρπηδὼν Λυκίων ἀγὸς ἀσπιστάων,","translation":"Sarpedon lies fallen, leader of the shield-bearing Lycians,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l541.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖται","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"Σαρπηδὼν","lemma":"Σαρπηδών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Sarpedon"},{"surface":"Λυκίων","lemma":"Λύκιος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀσπιστάων","gloss":"Lycians"},{"surface":"ἀγὸς","lemma":"ἀγός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"leader"},{"surface":"ἀσπιστάων","lemma":"ἀσπιστής","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀγὸς","gloss":"shield-bearers"}]},{"number":542,"label":"542","id":"b16-l542","source":"ὃς Λυκίην εἴρυτο δίκῃσί τε καὶ σθένεϊ ᾧ·","translation":"who guarded Lycia by his justice and his strength;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l542.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴρυτο","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"Λυκίην","lemma":"Λυκία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἴρυτο","gloss":"Lycia"},{"surface":"εἴρυτο","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Σαρπηδὼν","gloss":"guarded"},{"surface":"δίκῃσί","lemma":"δίκη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"justice"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σθένεϊ","lemma":"σθένος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σθένεϊ","gloss":"his"}]},{"number":543,"label":"543","id":"b16-l543","source":"τὸν δʼ ὑπὸ Πατρόκλῳ δάμασʼ ἔγχεϊ χάλκεος Ἄρης.","translation":"but bronze Ares subdued him beneath Patroclus' spear.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l543.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"χάλκεος Ἄρης","title":"Bronze Ares in the spear","body":"The personified phrase makes bronze Ares the force of battle that brings Sarpedon down beneath Patroclus. It preserves both the godlike violence of the weapon and Patroclus' immediate agency as the victorious spearman."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δάμασ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"Πατρόκλῳ","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὸ","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"δάμασ","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"subdued"},{"surface":"ἔγχεϊ","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to δάμασ̓","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"χάλκεος","lemma":"χάλκεος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρης","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"Ἄρης","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δάμασ̓","gloss":"Ares"}]},{"number":544,"label":"544","id":"b16-l544","source":"ἀλλὰ φίλοι πάρστητε, νεμεσσήθητε δὲ θυμῷ,","translation":"But friends, stand beside him and feel shame in your hearts,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l544.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"φίλοι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friends"},{"surface":"πάρστητε","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stand beside"},{"surface":"νεμεσσήθητε","lemma":"νεμεσάω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"feel shame"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to νεμεσσήθητε","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":545,"label":"545","id":"b16-l545","source":"μὴ ἀπὸ τεύχεʼ ἕλωνται, ἀεικίσσωσι δὲ νεκρὸν","translation":"lest they strip away his armor and mutilate his corpse,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l545.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"τεύχε","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἕλωνται","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἕλωνται","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"strip away"},{"surface":"ἀεικίσσωσι","lemma":"ἀεικίζω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"mutilate"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νεκρὸν","lemma":"νεκρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀεικίσσωσι","gloss":"corpse"}]},{"number":546,"label":"546","id":"b16-l546","source":"Μυρμιδόνες, Δαναῶν κεχολωμένοι ὅσσοι ὄλοντο,","translation":"the Myrmidons, enraged for all the Danaans who died,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l546.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μυρμιδόνες","lemma":"Μυρμιδόνες","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀεικίσσωσι","gloss":"Myrmidons"},{"surface":"Δαναῶν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of κεχολωμένοι","gloss":"of the Danaans"},{"surface":"κεχολωμένοι","lemma":"χολόω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀεικίσσωσι","gloss":"enraged"},{"surface":"ὅσσοι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ὄλοντο","gloss":"all who"},{"surface":"ὄλοντο","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Δαναῶν","gloss":"perished"}]},{"number":547,"label":"547","id":"b16-l547","source":"τοὺς ἐπὶ νηυσὶ θοῇσιν ἐπέφνομεν ἐγχείῃσιν.","translation":"whom we slew with our spears beside the swift ships.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l547.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπέφνομεν","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"θοῇσιν","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶ","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἐπέφνομεν","lemma":"θείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Δαναῶν","gloss":"we killed"},{"surface":"ἐγχείῃσιν","lemma":"ἐγχείη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπέφνομεν","gloss":"with spears"}]},{"number":548,"label":"548","id":"b16-l548","source":"ὣς ἔφατο, Τρῶας δὲ κατὰ κρῆθεν λάβε πένθος","translation":"So he spoke, and grief seized the Trojans from head to foot,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l548.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"Τρῶας","lemma":"τρώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of λάβε","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down from"},{"surface":"κρῆθεν","lemma":"κράς","morphology":"genitive singular noun","role":"adverbial to λάβε","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"λάβε","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized"},{"surface":"πένθος","lemma":"πένθος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of λάβε","gloss":"grief"}]},{"number":549,"label":"549","id":"b16-l549","source":"ἄσχετον, οὐκ ἐπιεικτόν, ἐπεί σφισιν ἕρμα πόληος","translation":"uncontrollable and unyielding, since he had been their city's bulwark,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l549.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄσχετον","lemma":"ἄσχετος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"uncontrollable"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐπιεικτόν","lemma":"ἐπιεικτός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"yielding"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"σφισιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔσκε","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ἕρμα","lemma":"ἕρμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"bulwark"},{"surface":"πόληος","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἕρμα","gloss":"city"}]},{"number":550,"label":"550","id":"b16-l550","source":"ἔσκε καὶ ἀλλοδαπός περ ἐών· πολέες γὰρ ἅμʼ αὐτῷ","translation":"though he was a foreigner; for many peoples followed with him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l550.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσκε","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἀλλοδαπός","lemma":"ἀλλοδαπός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"foreigner"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἐών","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔσκε","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"πολέες","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies λαοὶ","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἅμ̓","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":551,"label":"551","id":"b16-l551","source":"λαοὶ ἕποντʼ, ἐν δʼ αὐτὸς ἀριστεύεσκε μάχεσθαι·","translation":"and he himself was always foremost among them in battle.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l551.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἀριστεύεσκε μάχεσθαι","title":"Foremost time after time","body":"The iterative ending -εσκ- presents Sarpedon's excellence as habitual: he repeatedly proved foremost in battle. The Trojans grieve for a long-standing champion, not for one isolated feat."}],"words":[{"surface":"λαοὶ","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕποντ̓","gloss":"peoples"},{"surface":"ἕποντ","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ἀριστεύεσκε","lemma":"ἀριστεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was ever foremost"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἀριστεύεσκε","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":552,"label":"552","id":"b16-l552","source":"βὰν δʼ ἰθὺς Δαναῶν λελιημένοι· ἦρχε δʼ ἄρά σφιν","translation":"They went straight against the Danaans, eager for battle; leading them","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l552.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βὰν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they went"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰθὺς","lemma":"ἰθύς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βὰν","gloss":"straight"},{"surface":"Δαναῶν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of λελιημένοι","gloss":"of the Danaans"},{"surface":"λελιημένοι","lemma":"λελίημαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to βὰν","gloss":"eager for battle"},{"surface":"ἦρχε","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was leader"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦρχε","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":553,"label":"553","id":"b16-l553","source":"Ἕκτωρ χωόμενος Σαρπηδόνος. αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοὺς","translation":"was Hector, enraged for Sarpedon. Meanwhile the Achaeans","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l553.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦρχε","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"χωόμενος","lemma":"χώομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦρχε","gloss":"was angered"},{"surface":"Σαρπηδόνος","lemma":"Σαρπηδών","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of χωόμενος","gloss":"Sarpedon"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὺς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ὦρσε","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":554,"label":"554","id":"b16-l554","source":"ὦρσε Μενοιτιάδεω Πατροκλῆος λάσιον κῆρ·","translation":"were roused by the stout heart of Patroclus, son of Menoetius.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l554.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦρσε","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"roused"},{"surface":"Μενοιτιάδεω","lemma":"Μενοιτιάδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πατροκλῆος","gloss":"Menoetius's son"},{"surface":"Πατροκλῆος","lemma":"Πατροκλῆς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κῆρ","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"λάσιον","lemma":"λάσιος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῆρ","gloss":"stout"},{"surface":"κῆρ","lemma":"κῆρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ὦρσε","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":555,"label":"555","id":"b16-l555","source":"Αἴαντε πρώτω προσέφη μεμαῶτε καὶ αὐτώ·","translation":"First he spoke to the two Ajaxes, eager though both already were:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l555.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἴαντε","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"accusative dual masculine noun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"Ajaxes"},{"surface":"πρώτω","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative dual masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"μεμαῶτε","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative dual masculine","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"eager"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτώ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative dual masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"both"}]},{"number":556,"label":"556","id":"b16-l556","source":"Αἴαντε νῦν σφῶϊν ἀμύνεσθαι φίλον ἔστω,","translation":"\"You two Ajaxes, now let it be dear to you to defend,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l556.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἴαντε","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"vocative dual masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Ajaxes"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔστω","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"σφῶϊν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative dual pronoun","role":"object of ἀμύνεσθαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἀμύνεσθαι","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"subject of ἔστω","gloss":"to defend"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἔστω","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"be"}]},{"number":557,"label":"557","id":"b16-l557","source":"οἷοί περ πάρος ἦτε μετʼ ἀνδράσιν ἢ καὶ ἀρείους.","translation":"as you were before among men, or better still.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l557.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἷοί","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦτε","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ἦτε","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Αἴαντε","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἀνδράσιν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μετ̓","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἀρείους","lemma":"ἀρείων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"better"}]},{"number":558,"label":"558","id":"b16-l558","source":"κεῖται ἀνὴρ ὃς πρῶτος ἐσήλατο τεῖχος Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"There lies the man who first leapt over the Achaeans' wall,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l558.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖται","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐσήλατο","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"πρῶτος","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ἐσήλατο","lemma":"εἰσάλλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀνὴρ","gloss":"leapt over"},{"surface":"τεῖχος","lemma":"τεῖχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐσήλατο","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τεῖχος","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":559,"label":"559","id":"b16-l559","source":"Σαρπηδών· ἀλλʼ εἴ μιν ἀεικισσαίμεθʼ ἑλόντες,","translation":"Sarpedon. If only, once we have taken him, we might mutilate him,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l559.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Σαρπηδών","lemma":"Σαρπηδών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Sarpedon"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀεικισσαίμεθ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἀεικισσαίμεθ","lemma":"ἀεικίζω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"mutilate him"},{"surface":"ἑλόντες","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀεικισσαίμεθ̓","gloss":"having taken"}]},{"number":560,"label":"560","id":"b16-l560","source":"τεύχεά τʼ ὤμοιιν ἀφελοίμεθα, καί τινʼ ἑταίρων","translation":"strip the armor from his shoulders, and some one of his comrades,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l560.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τεύχεά","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀφελοίμεθα","gloss":"the armor"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὤμοιιν","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"genitive dual masculine noun","role":"object of ἀφελοίμεθα","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"ἀφελοίμεθα","lemma":"ἀφαιρέω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"strip"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τιν","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δαμασαίμεθα","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ἑταίρων","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τιν̓","gloss":"of his comrades"}]},{"number":561,"label":"561","id":"b16-l561","source":"αὐτοῦ ἀμυνομένων δαμασαίμεθα νηλέϊ χαλκῷ.","translation":"as they defend him here, subdue with pitiless bronze.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l561.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταίρων","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἀμυνομένων","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"modifies ἑταίρων","gloss":"defending"},{"surface":"δαμασαίμεθα","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"subdue"},{"surface":"νηλέϊ","lemma":"νηλής","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκῷ","gloss":"pitiless"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to δαμασαίμεθα","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":562,"label":"562","id":"b16-l562","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ ἀλέξασθαι μενέαινον.","translation":"So he spoke, and they themselves were eager to defend.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l562.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μενέαινον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτοὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"they themselves"},{"surface":"ἀλέξασθαι","lemma":"ἀλέξω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of μενέαινον","gloss":"to ward off"},{"surface":"μενέαινον","lemma":"μενεαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"eager"}]},{"number":563,"label":"563","id":"b16-l563","source":"οἳ δʼ ἐπεὶ ἀμφοτέρωθεν ἐκαρτύναντο φάλαγγας","translation":"When on both sides they had strengthened their battalions,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l563.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of σύμβαλον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἀμφοτέρωθεν","lemma":"ἀμφοτέρωθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐκαρτύναντο","gloss":"on either side"},{"surface":"ἐκαρτύναντο","lemma":"κρατύνω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"strengthened"},{"surface":"φάλαγγας","lemma":"φάλαγξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκαρτύναντο","gloss":"battalions"}]},{"number":564,"label":"564","id":"b16-l564","source":"Τρῶες καὶ Λύκιοι καὶ Μυρμιδόνες καὶ Ἀχαιοί,","translation":"Trojans and Lycians, and Myrmidons and Achaeans,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l564.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Λύκιοι","lemma":"Λύκιοι","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Lycians"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μυρμιδόνες","lemma":"Μυρμιδόνες","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Myrmidons"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":565,"label":"565","id":"b16-l565","source":"σύμβαλον ἀμφὶ νέκυι κατατεθνηῶτι μάχεσθαι","translation":"they clashed, to fight around the corpse of the dead man,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l565.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σύμβαλον","lemma":"συμβάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"met"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"νέκυι","lemma":"νέκυς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφὶ","gloss":"corpse"},{"surface":"κατατεθνηῶτι","lemma":"καταθνήσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"modifies νέκυι","gloss":"dead"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to σύμβαλον","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":566,"label":"566","id":"b16-l566","source":"δεινὸν ἀΰσαντες· μέγα δʼ ἔβραχε τεύχεα φωτῶν.","translation":"with terrible cries; loudly the warriors' armor rang.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l566.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεινὸν","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀΰσαντες","gloss":"terribly"},{"surface":"ἀΰσαντες","lemma":"αὔω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to σύμβαλον","gloss":"shouting"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔβραχε","gloss":"loudly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔβραχε","lemma":"βραχεῖν","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rang"},{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔβραχε","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"φωτῶν","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τεύχεα","gloss":"warriors"}]},{"number":567,"label":"567","id":"b16-l567","source":"Ζεὺς δʼ ἐπὶ νύκτʼ ὀλοὴν τάνυσε κρατερῇ ὑσμίνῃ,","translation":"Zeus stretched deadly darkness over the mighty battle,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l567.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τάνυσε","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"νύκτ","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τάνυσε","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"ὀλοὴν","lemma":"ὀλοός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νύκτ̓","gloss":"deadly"},{"surface":"τάνυσε","lemma":"τανύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stretched out"},{"surface":"κρατερῇ","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὑσμίνῃ","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ὑσμίνῃ","lemma":"ὑσμίνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τάνυσε","gloss":"battle"}]},{"number":568,"label":"568","id":"b16-l568","source":"ὄφρα φίλῳ περὶ παιδὶ μάχης ὀλοὸς πόνος εἴη.","translation":"so that around his dear son there might be deadly toil of battle.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l568.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"φίλῳ","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies παιδὶ","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"παιδὶ","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"μάχης","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies πόνος","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"ὀλοὸς","lemma":"ὀλοός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόνος","gloss":"deadly"},{"surface":"πόνος","lemma":"πόνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἴη","gloss":"toil"},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"might be"}]},{"number":569,"label":"569","id":"b16-l569","source":"ὦσαν δὲ πρότεροι Τρῶες ἑλίκωπας Ἀχαιούς·","translation":"The Trojans were first to drive back the bright-eyed Achaeans;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l569.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦσαν","lemma":"ὠθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove back"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πρότεροι","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ὦσαν","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ἑλίκωπας","lemma":"ἐλίκωψ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιούς","gloss":"bright-eyed"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὦσαν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":570,"label":"570","id":"b16-l570","source":"βλῆτο γὰρ οὔ τι κάκιστος ἀνὴρ μετὰ Μυρμιδόνεσσιν","translation":"for no mean man among the Myrmidons had been struck down,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l570.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"οὔ τι κάκιστος","title":"No mean man","body":"The negated superlative literally says “not at all the worst.” Homer uses the understatement to mark the fallen Myrmidon as a warrior of real standing."}],"words":[{"surface":"βλῆτο","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was struck"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to κάκιστος","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"κάκιστος","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"mean"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"Μυρμιδόνεσσιν","lemma":"Μυρμιδόνες","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"Myrmidons"}]},{"number":571,"label":"571","id":"b16-l571","source":"υἱὸς Ἀγακλῆος μεγαθύμου δῖος Ἐπειγεύς,","translation":"godlike Epeigeus, son of great-hearted Agacles,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l571.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Ἀγακλῆος","lemma":"ἀγακλεής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"Agacles"},{"surface":"μεγαθύμου","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀγακλῆος","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἐπειγεύς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἐπειγεύς","lemma":"Ἐπειγεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Epeigeus"}]},{"number":572,"label":"572","id":"b16-l572","source":"ὅς ῥʼ ἐν Βουδείῳ εὖ ναιομένῳ ἤνασσε","translation":"who ruled in Boudeion, a well-settled place,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l572.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἤνασσε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Βουδείῳ","lemma":"Βούδειον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"Boudeion"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ναιομένῳ","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"ναιομένῳ","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative singular neuter","role":"modifies Βουδείῳ","gloss":"settled"},{"surface":"ἤνασσε","lemma":"ἀνάσσω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἐπειγεύς","gloss":"ruled"}]},{"number":573,"label":"573","id":"b16-l573","source":"τὸ πρίν· ἀτὰρ τότε γʼ ἐσθλὸν ἀνεψιὸν ἐξεναρίξας","translation":"in former days; but then, after killing a noble cousin,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l573.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter article","role":"modifies πρίν","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"πρίν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤνασσε","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἱκέτευσε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐσθλὸν","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνεψιὸν","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"ἀνεψιὸν","lemma":"ἀνεψιός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξεναρίξας","gloss":"the cousin"},{"surface":"ἐξεναρίξας","lemma":"ἐξεναρίζω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἱκέτευσε","gloss":"slew and stripped"}]},{"number":574,"label":"574","id":"b16-l574","source":"ἐς Πηλῆʼ ἱκέτευσε καὶ ἐς Θέτιν ἀργυρόπεζαν·","translation":"he came as a suppliant to Peleus and silver-footed Thetis;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l574.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Πηλῆ","lemma":"Πηλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Peleus"},{"surface":"ἱκέτευσε","lemma":"ἱκετεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came as suppliant"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Θέτιν","lemma":"Θέτις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Thetis"},{"surface":"ἀργυρόπεζαν","lemma":"ἀργυρόπεζα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Θέτιν","gloss":"silver-footed"}]},{"number":575,"label":"575","id":"b16-l575","source":"οἳ δʼ ἅμʼ Ἀχιλλῆϊ ῥηξήνορι πέμπον ἕπεσθαι","translation":"and they sent him to go with Achilles, breaker of ranks,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l575.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πέμπον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλῆϊ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἅμ̓","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"ῥηξήνορι","lemma":"ῥηξήνωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλῆϊ","gloss":"breaker of ranks"},{"surface":"πέμπον","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they sent"},{"surface":"ἕπεσθαι","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to πέμπον","gloss":"follow"}]},{"number":576,"label":"576","id":"b16-l576","source":"Ἴλιον εἰς εὔπωλον, ἵνα Τρώεσσι μάχοιτο.","translation":"to horse-rich Ilion, there to fight the Trojans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l576.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"Ilion"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"εὔπωλον","lemma":"εὔπωλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἴλιον","gloss":"horse-rich"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μάχοιτο","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"μάχοιτο","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"fight"}]},{"number":577,"label":"577","id":"b16-l577","source":"τόν ῥα τόθʼ ἁπτόμενον νέκυος βάλε φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ","translation":"As he grasped the corpse, glorious Hector struck him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l577.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τόθ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἁπτόμενον","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἁπτόμενον","lemma":"ἅπτω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"grasping"},{"surface":"νέκυος","lemma":"νέκυς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἁπτόμενον","gloss":"the corpse"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"φαίδιμος","lemma":"φαίδιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βάλε","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":578,"label":"578","id":"b16-l578","source":"χερμαδίῳ κεφαλήν· ἣ δʼ ἄνδιχα πᾶσα κεάσθη","translation":"on the head with a stone; all his head was split in two","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l578.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χερμαδίῳ","lemma":"χερμάδιον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to βάλε","gloss":"with a stone"},{"surface":"κεφαλήν","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to βάλε","gloss":"his head"},{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of κεάσθη","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄνδιχα","lemma":"ἄνδιχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κεάσθη","gloss":"in two"},{"surface":"πᾶσα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἣ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"κεάσθη","lemma":"κεάζω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was split"}]},{"number":579,"label":"579","id":"b16-l579","source":"ἐν κόρυθι βριαρῇ· ὃ δʼ ἄρα πρηνὴς ἐπὶ νεκρῷ","translation":"inside the massive helmet, and face-down upon the corpse","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l579.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κόρυθι","lemma":"κόρυς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"helmet"},{"surface":"βριαρῇ","lemma":"βριαρός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κόρυθι","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κάππεσεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πρηνὴς","lemma":"πρηνής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"face-down"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"νεκρῷ","lemma":"νεκρός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"corpse"}]},{"number":580,"label":"580","id":"b16-l580","source":"κάππεσεν, ἀμφὶ δέ μιν θάνατος χύτο θυμοραϊστής.","translation":"he fell, and death that breaks the spirit poured around him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l580.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κάππεσεν","lemma":"καταπίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀμφὶ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"θάνατος","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of χύτο","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"χύτο","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured"},{"surface":"θυμοραϊστής","lemma":"θυμοραιστής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θάνατος","gloss":"life-destroying"}]},{"number":581,"label":"581","id":"b16-l581","source":"Πατρόκλῳ δʼ ἄρʼ ἄχος γένετο φθιμένου ἑτάροιο,","translation":"Then grief came upon Patroclus for his fallen comrade,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l581.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πατρόκλῳ","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of γένετο","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄχος","lemma":"ἄχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of γένετο","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"γένετο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"arose"},{"surface":"φθιμένου","lemma":"φθίω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifies ἑτάροιο","gloss":"dead"},{"surface":"ἑτάροιο","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄχος","gloss":"companion"}]},{"number":582,"label":"582","id":"b16-l582","source":"ἴθυσεν δὲ διὰ προμάχων ἴρηκι ἐοικὼς","translation":"and he charged through the front fighters like a hawk,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l582.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἴθυσεν","lemma":"ἰθύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"charged"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"προμάχων","lemma":"πρόμαχος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of διὰ","gloss":"front ranks"},{"surface":"ἴρηκι","lemma":"ἱέραξ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐοικὼς","gloss":"hawk"},{"surface":"ἐοικὼς","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἴθυσεν","gloss":"like"}]},{"number":583,"label":"583","id":"b16-l583","source":"ὠκέϊ, ὅς τʼ ἐφόβησε κολοιούς τε ψῆράς τε·","translation":"swift, that scatters jackdaws and starlings;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l583.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὠκέϊ","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἴρηκι","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐφόβησε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐφόβησε","lemma":"φοβέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἴρηκι","gloss":"routed"},{"surface":"κολοιούς","lemma":"κολοιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"jackdaws"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ψῆράς","lemma":"ψάρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"starlings"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":584,"label":"584","id":"b16-l584","source":"ὣς ἰθὺς Λυκίων Πατρόκλεες ἱπποκέλευθε","translation":"so straight at the Lycians, Patroclus, driver of horses,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l584.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἱπποκέλευθε","title":"Driver of horses","body":"The vocative ἱπποκέλευθε addresses Patroclus directly as one who urges or commands horses. The narrator’s apostrophe brings the doomed hero abruptly before the audience."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσσυο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἰθὺς","lemma":"εὐθύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"straight"},{"surface":"Λυκίων","lemma":"Λύκιοι","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"at the Lycians"},{"surface":"Πατρόκλεες","lemma":"Πατροκλῆς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"ἱπποκέλευθε","lemma":"ἱπποκέλευθος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πατρόκλεες","gloss":"horseman"}]},{"number":585,"label":"585","id":"b16-l585","source":"ἔσσυο καὶ Τρώων, κεχόλωσο δὲ κῆρ ἑτάροιο.","translation":"you rushed, and at the Trojans, your heart enraged for your comrade.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l585.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσσυο","lemma":"σεύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rushed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"at the Trojans"},{"surface":"κεχόλωσο","lemma":"χολόω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"enraged"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κῆρ","lemma":"κῆρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κεχόλωσο","gloss":"in your heart"},{"surface":"ἑτάροιο","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of κεχόλωσο","gloss":"companion"}]},{"number":586,"label":"586","id":"b16-l586","source":"καί ῥʼ ἔβαλε Σθενέλαον Ἰθαιμένεος φίλον υἱὸν","translation":"He struck Sthenelaus, dear son of Ithaemenes,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l586.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔβαλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"Σθενέλαον","lemma":"Σθενέλαος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Sthenelaus"},{"surface":"Ἰθαιμένεος","lemma":"Ἰθαιμένης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"Ithaemenes"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":587,"label":"587","id":"b16-l587","source":"αὐχένα χερμαδίῳ, ῥῆξεν δʼ ἀπὸ τοῖο τένοντας.","translation":"on the neck with a stone, and tore its tendons apart.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l587.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐχένα","lemma":"αὐχήν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔβαλε","gloss":"the neck"},{"surface":"χερμαδίῳ","lemma":"χερμάδιον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἔβαλε","gloss":"with a stone"},{"surface":"ῥῆξεν","lemma":"ῥήγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"broke"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"τοῖο","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"τένοντας","lemma":"τένων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ῥῆξεν","gloss":"tendons"}]},{"number":588,"label":"588","id":"b16-l588","source":"χώρησαν δʼ ὑπό τε πρόμαχοι καὶ φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ.","translation":"The front fighters gave ground, and glorious Hector with them;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l588.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χώρησαν","lemma":"χωρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"give ground"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπό","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πρόμαχοι","lemma":"πρόμαχος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"front fighters"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φαίδιμος","lemma":"φαίδιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":589,"label":"589","id":"b16-l589","source":"ὅσση δʼ αἰγανέης ῥιπὴ ταναοῖο τέτυκται,","translation":"as far as the cast of a long javelin reaches,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l589.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"αἰγανέης","title":"A light throwing spear","body":"αἰγανέη is a light javelin suited to casting rather than a heavy thrusting spear. Its flight gives a concrete measure for the Trojans’ retreat."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὅσση","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"as far as"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰγανέης","lemma":"αἰγανέη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ῥιπὴ","gloss":"javelin"},{"surface":"ῥιπὴ","lemma":"ῥιπή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τέτυκται","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"ταναοῖο","lemma":"ταναός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἰγανέης","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"τέτυκται","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τόσσον","gloss":"reaches"}]},{"number":590,"label":"590","id":"b16-l590","source":"ἥν ῥά τʼ ἀνὴρ ἀφέῃ πειρώμενος ἢ ἐν ἀέθλῳ","translation":"which a man may throw when testing himself in a contest","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l590.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἀφέῃ","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀφέῃ","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἀφέῃ","lemma":"ἀφίημι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing αἰγανέης","gloss":"may throw"},{"surface":"πειρώμενος","lemma":"πειράω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀφέῃ","gloss":"testing"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἀέθλῳ","lemma":"ἆθλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"a contest"}]},{"number":591,"label":"591","id":"b16-l591","source":"ἠὲ καὶ ἐν πολέμῳ δηΐων ὕπο θυμοραϊστέων,","translation":"or in war beneath spirit-breaking enemies,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l591.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πολέμῳ","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"δηΐων","lemma":"δάιος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ὕπο","gloss":"enemies"},{"surface":"ὕπο","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"θυμοραϊστέων","lemma":"θυμοραιστής","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies δηΐων","gloss":"life-destroying"}]},{"number":592,"label":"592","id":"b16-l592","source":"τόσσον ἐχώρησαν Τρῶες, ὤσαντο δʼ Ἀχαιοί.","translation":"so far the Trojans withdrew, and the Achaeans drove them back.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l592.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόσσον","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐχώρησαν","gloss":"so far"},{"surface":"ἐχώρησαν","lemma":"χωρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"withdrew"},{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐχώρησαν","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ὤσαντο","lemma":"ὠθέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove back"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ὤσαντο","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":593,"label":"593","id":"b16-l593","source":"Γλαῦκος δὲ πρῶτος Λυκίων ἀγὸς ἀσπιστάων","translation":"But first Glaucus, leader of shield-bearing Lycians,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l593.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Λυκίων ἀγὸς ἀσπιστάων","title":"Leader of shield-bearing Lycians","body":"The same public title used for Sarpedon now frames Glaucus as the first to turn back. Command survives the king through the companion he charged to defend his body."}],"words":[{"surface":"Γλαῦκος","lemma":"Γλαῦκος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Glaucus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πρῶτος","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"Λυκίων","lemma":"Λύκιος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀσπιστάων","gloss":"Lycians"},{"surface":"ἀγὸς","lemma":"ἀγός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"leader"},{"surface":"ἀσπιστάων","lemma":"ἀσπιστής","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀγὸς","gloss":"shield-bearers"}]},{"number":594,"label":"594","id":"b16-l594","source":"ἐτράπετʼ, ἔκτεινεν δὲ Βαθυκλῆα μεγάθυμον","translation":"turned and killed great-hearted Bathycles,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l594.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐτράπετ","lemma":"τρέπω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"ἔκτεινεν","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Βαθυκλῆα","lemma":"Βαθυκλεής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Bathycles"},{"surface":"μεγάθυμον","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Βαθυκλῆα","gloss":"great-hearted"}]},{"number":595,"label":"595","id":"b16-l595","source":"Χάλκωνος φίλον υἱόν, ὃς Ἑλλάδι οἰκία ναίων","translation":"the dear son of Chalcon, who dwelt in a house in Hellas","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l595.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Χάλκωνος","lemma":"Χάλκων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱόν","gloss":"Chalcon"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱόν","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"υἱόν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μετέπρεπε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"Ἑλλάδι","lemma":"Ἑλλάς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ναίων","gloss":"Hellas"},{"surface":"οἰκία","lemma":"οἰκίον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ναίων","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"ναίων","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μετέπρεπε","gloss":"dwelling"}]},{"number":596,"label":"596","id":"b16-l596","source":"ὄλβῳ τε πλούτῳ τε μετέπρεπε Μυρμιδόνεσσι.","translation":"and stood foremost among the Myrmidons in wealth and riches.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l596.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὄλβῳ τε πλούτῳ τε","title":"Two kinds of wealth","body":"ὄλβος can suggest prosperity or blessed fortune, while πλοῦτος is material wealth. Their pairing makes Bathycles conspicuous for abundance before his sudden death."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὄλβῳ","lemma":"ὄλβος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"wealth"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πλούτῳ","lemma":"πλοῦτος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"wealth"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μετέπρεπε","lemma":"μεταπρέπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Βαθυκλῆα","gloss":"stood out"},{"surface":"Μυρμιδόνεσσι","lemma":"Μυρμιδόνες","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μετέπρεπε","gloss":"Myrmidons"}]},{"number":597,"label":"597","id":"b16-l597","source":"τὸν μὲν ἄρα Γλαῦκος στῆθος μέσον οὔτασε δουρὶ","translation":"Glaucus stabbed him with the spear in the middle of the chest,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l597.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of οὔτασε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Γλαῦκος","lemma":"Γλαῦκος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of οὔτασε","gloss":"Glaucus"},{"surface":"στῆθος","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to οὔτασε","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"μέσον","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies στῆθος","gloss":"the middle"},{"surface":"οὔτασε","lemma":"οὐτάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wounded"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to οὔτασε","gloss":"with the spear"}]},{"number":598,"label":"598","id":"b16-l598","source":"στρεφθεὶς ἐξαπίνης, ὅτε μιν κατέμαρπτε διώκων·","translation":"turning suddenly as Bathycles overtook him in pursuit.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l598.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στρεφθεὶς","lemma":"στρέφω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to οὔτασε","gloss":"turning back"},{"surface":"ἐξαπίνης","lemma":"ἐξαπίνης","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to στρεφθεὶς","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κατέμαρπτε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"κατέμαρπτε","lemma":"καταμάρπτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"caught"},{"surface":"διώκων","lemma":"διώκω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κατέμαρπτε","gloss":"pursuing"}]},{"number":599,"label":"599","id":"b16-l599","source":"δούπησεν δὲ πεσών· πυκινὸν δʼ ἄχος ἔλλαβʼ Ἀχαιούς,","translation":"He fell with a thud, and dense grief seized the Achaeans","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l599.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δούπησεν","lemma":"δουπέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell with a thud"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πεσών","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δούπησεν","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"πυκινὸν","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄχος","gloss":"dense"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄχος","lemma":"ἄχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔλλαβ̓","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"ἔλλαβ","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἔλλαβ̓","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":600,"label":"600","id":"b16-l600","source":"ὡς ἔπεσʼ ἐσθλὸς ἀνήρ· μέγα δὲ Τρῶες κεχάροντο,","translation":"that a noble man had fallen; but the Trojans rejoiced greatly","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l600.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ἔπεσ","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"ἐσθλὸς","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνήρ","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"ἀνήρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔπεσ̓","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to κεχάροντο","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of κεχάροντο","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"κεχάροντο","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rejoiced"}]},{"number":601,"label":"601","id":"b16-l601","source":"στὰν δʼ ἀμφʼ αὐτὸν ἰόντες ἀολλέες· οὐδʼ ἄρʼ Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"and came in a mass to stand around him. Yet the Achaeans","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l601.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στὰν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀμφ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἰόντες","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to στὰν","gloss":"advancing"},{"surface":"ἀολλέες","lemma":"ἀολλής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"in one mass"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐξελάθοντο","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":602,"label":"602","id":"b16-l602","source":"ἀλκῆς ἐξελάθοντο, μένος δʼ ἰθὺς φέρον αὐτῶν.","translation":"did not forget their valor, but bore their fury straight at them.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l602.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλκῆς","lemma":"ἀλκή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξελάθοντο","gloss":"valor"},{"surface":"ἐξελάθοντο","lemma":"ἐκλανθάνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"forgot"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of φέρον","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰθὺς","lemma":"ἰθύς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φέρον","gloss":"straight"},{"surface":"φέρον","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"αὐτῶν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"at them"}]},{"number":603,"label":"603","id":"b16-l603","source":"ἔνθʼ αὖ Μηριόνης Τρώων ἕλεν ἄνδρα κορυστὴν","translation":"Then Meriones slew a helmed man among the Trojans,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l603.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἄνδρα κορυστὴν","title":"A helmed warrior","body":"κορυστής names a warrior through his helmet and, by extension, his readiness for battle. The compact phrase introduces Laogonus at the instant Meriones kills him."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Μηριόνης","lemma":"Μηριόνης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕλεν","gloss":"Meriones"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄνδρα","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἕλεν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slew"},{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"κορυστὴν","lemma":"κορυστής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄνδρα","gloss":"helmed warrior"}]},{"number":604,"label":"604","id":"b16-l604","source":"Λαόγονον θρασὺν υἱὸν Ὀνήτορος, ὃς Διὸς ἱρεὺς","translation":"bold Laogonus, son of Onetor, who was priest","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l604.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Λαόγονον","lemma":"Λαόγονος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Laogonus"},{"surface":"θρασὺν","lemma":"θρασύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"bold"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Ὀνήτορος","lemma":"Ὀνήτωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"Onetor"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐτέτυκτο","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἱρεὺς","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"ἱρεὺς","lemma":"ἱερεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"priest"}]},{"number":605,"label":"605","id":"b16-l605","source":"Ἰδαίου ἐτέτυκτο, θεὸς δʼ ὣς τίετο δήμῳ.","translation":"of Idaean Zeus, and was honored by the people like a god.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l605.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἰδαίου","lemma":"̓ἰδαῖος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"Idaean"},{"surface":"ἐτέτυκτο","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"τίετο","lemma":"τίω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ̓","gloss":"was honored"},{"surface":"δήμῳ","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τίετο","gloss":"people"}]},{"number":606,"label":"606","id":"b16-l606","source":"τὸν βάλʼ ὑπὸ γναθμοῖο καὶ οὔατος· ὦκα δὲ θυμὸς","translation":"He struck him beneath the jaw and ear; his spirit","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l606.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of βάλ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"βάλ","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"γναθμοῖο","lemma":"γναθμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"jaw"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὔατος","lemma":"οὖς","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"ear"},{"surface":"ὦκα","lemma":"ὦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ᾤχετ̓","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ᾤχετ̓","gloss":"spirit"}]},{"number":607,"label":"607","id":"b16-l607","source":"ᾤχετʼ ἀπὸ μελέων, στυγερὸς δʼ ἄρα μιν σκότος εἷλεν.","translation":"swiftly the life went from his limbs, and hateful darkness closed around him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l607.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"στυγερὸς δʼ ἄρα μιν σκότος εἷλεν","title":"Hateful darkness","body":"The formula makes death an enclosing darkness that seizes the fallen man. This line retains the accepted rendering of its earlier occurrence."}],"words":[{"surface":"ᾤχετ","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"μελέων","lemma":"μέλος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"limbs"},{"surface":"στυγερὸς","lemma":"στυγερός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies σκότος","gloss":"hateful"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἷλεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"σκότος","lemma":"σκότος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἷλεν","gloss":"darkness"},{"surface":"εἷλεν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized"}]},{"number":608,"label":"608","id":"b16-l608","source":"Αἰνείας δʼ ἐπὶ Μηριόνῃ δόρυ χάλκεον ἧκεν·","translation":"Then Aeneas cast his bronze spear at Meriones,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l608.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἰνείας","lemma":"Αἰνείας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἧκεν","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Μηριόνῃ","lemma":"Μηριόνης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"Meriones"},{"surface":"δόρυ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἧκεν","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"χάλκεον","lemma":"χάλκεος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δόρυ","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ἧκεν","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent"}]},{"number":609,"label":"609","id":"b16-l609","source":"ἔλπετο γὰρ τεύξεσθαι ὑπασπίδια προβιβῶντος.","translation":"hoping to strike him beneath the shield as he advanced.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l609.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔλπετο","lemma":"ἔλπω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hoped"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τεύξεσθαι","lemma":"τυγχάνω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ἔλπετο","gloss":"to strike"},{"surface":"ὑπασπίδια","lemma":"ὑπασπίδιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to προβιβῶντος","gloss":"beneath the shield"},{"surface":"προβιβῶντος","lemma":"προβιβάζω","morphology":"future active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"object of τεύξεσθαι","gloss":"as he drove on"}]},{"number":610,"label":"610","id":"b16-l610","source":"ἀλλʼ ὃ μὲν ἄντα ἰδὼν ἠλεύατο χάλκεον ἔγχος·","translation":"But he, seeing it before him, avoided the bronze spear","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l610.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἠλεύατο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄντα","lemma":"ἄντα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰδὼν","gloss":"before him"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἠλεύατο","gloss":"seeing"},{"surface":"ἠλεύατο","lemma":"ἀλέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"avoided"},{"surface":"χάλκεον","lemma":"χάλκεος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἠλεύατο","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":611,"label":"611","id":"b16-l611","source":"πρόσσω γὰρ κατέκυψε, τὸ δʼ ἐξόπιθεν δόρυ μακρὸν","translation":"by stooping forward; behind him the long spear","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l611.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρόσσω","lemma":"πρόσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατέκυψε","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κατέκυψε","lemma":"κατακύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stooped forward"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter article","role":"modifies δόρυ","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξόπιθεν","lemma":"ἐξόπιθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐνισκίμφθη","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"δόρυ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐνισκίμφθη","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"μακρὸν","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δόρυ","gloss":"long"}]},{"number":612,"label":"612","id":"b16-l612","source":"οὔδει ἐνισκίμφθη, ἐπὶ δʼ οὐρίαχος πελεμίχθη","translation":"planted itself in the ground, and the butt of the spear quivered;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l612.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔδει","lemma":"οὖδας","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐνισκίμφθη","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"ἐνισκίμφθη","lemma":"ἐνσκίμπτω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"planted itself"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πελεμίχθη","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐρίαχος","lemma":"οὐρίαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πελεμίχθη","gloss":"the butt-end"},{"surface":"πελεμίχθη","lemma":"πελεμίζω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"quivered"}]},{"number":613,"label":"613","id":"b16-l613","source":"ἔγχεος· ἔνθα δʼ ἔπειτʼ ἀφίει μένος ὄβριμος Ἄρης.","translation":"and there at last mighty Ares loosed its force.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l613.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀφίει μένος ὄβριμος Ἄρης","title":"Ares releases the spear’s force","body":"The personified god of battle is said to release the weapon’s μένος, its driving force. The spear spends its energy in the earth because Meriones has escaped it."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔγχεος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies οὐρίαχος","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀφίει","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀφίει","lemma":"ἀφίημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"released"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀφίει","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"ὄβριμος","lemma":"ὄβριμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρης","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"Ἄρης","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀφίει","gloss":"Ares"}]},{"number":614,"label":"614","id":"b16-l614","source":"αἰχμὴ δʼ Αἰνείαο κραδαινομένη κατὰ γαίης","translation":"And the point of Aeneas, shaking, went down into the ground,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l614.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰχμὴ","lemma":"αἰχμή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ᾤχετ̓","gloss":"point"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Αἰνείαο","lemma":"Αἰνείας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies αἰχμὴ","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"κραδαινομένη","lemma":"κραδαίνω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifies αἰχμὴ","gloss":"shaking"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"down into"},{"surface":"γαίης","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"ground"}]},{"number":615,"label":"615","id":"b16-l615","source":"ᾤχετʼ, ἐπεί ῥʼ ἅλιον στιβαρῆς ἀπὸ χειρὸς ὄρουσεν.","translation":"since it had leapt in vain from his strong hand.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l615.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ᾤχετ","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἅλιον","lemma":"ἅλιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ὄρουσεν","gloss":"in vain"},{"surface":"στιβαρῆς","lemma":"στιβαρός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χειρὸς","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"χειρὸς","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"ὄρουσεν","lemma":"ὀρούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"leapt"}]},{"number":616,"label":"616","id":"b16-l616","source":"Αἰνείας δʼ ἄρα θυμὸν ἐχώσατο φώνησέν τε·","translation":"Then Aeneas grew angry in his heart and called out:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l616.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἰνείας","lemma":"Αἰνείας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐχώσατο","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐχώσατο","lemma":"χώομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grew angry"},{"surface":"φώνησέν","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":617,"label":"617","id":"b16-l617","source":"Μηριόνη τάχα κέν σε καὶ ὀρχηστήν περ ἐόντα","translation":"\"Meriones, though you are a dancer, my spear would soon","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l617.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μηριόνη","lemma":"Μηριόνης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Meriones"},{"surface":"τάχα","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατέπαυσε","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κατέπαυσε","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ὀρχηστήν","lemma":"ὀρχηστής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"dancer"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies σε","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":618,"label":"618","id":"b16-l618","source":"ἔγχος ἐμὸν κατέπαυσε διαμπερές, εἴ σʼ ἔβαλόν περ.","translation":"have stopped you for good, if only I had struck you through.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l618.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of κατέπαυσε","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"ἐμὸν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"κατέπαυσε","lemma":"καταπαύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would have stopped"},{"surface":"διαμπερές","lemma":"διαμπερές","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατέπαυσε","gloss":"for good"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔβαλόν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἔβαλόν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"I struck"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":619,"label":"619","id":"b16-l619","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖ Μηριόνης δουρικλυτὸς ἀντίον ηὔδα·","translation":"Then Meriones, famed with the spear, answered him face to face:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l619.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δουρικλυτὸς","title":"Famed with the spear","body":"δουρικλυτός is Meriones’ standing martial epithet, joining δόρυ, “spear,” with κλυτός, “famed.” Aeneas has just mocked him as a dancer; the epithet restores his proper battlefield identity."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Μηριόνης","lemma":"Μηριόνης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ηὔδα","gloss":"Meriones"},{"surface":"δουρικλυτὸς","lemma":"δουρικλειτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μηριόνης","gloss":"famed with spear"},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"face to face"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":620,"label":"620","id":"b16-l620","source":"Αἰνεία χαλεπόν σε καὶ ἴφθιμόν περ ἐόντα","translation":"\"Aeneas, hard though it is, even for all your strength,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l620.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἰνεία","lemma":"Αἰνείας","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"χαλεπόν","lemma":"χαλεπός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of σβέσσαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἴφθιμόν","lemma":"ἴφθιμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies σε","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":621,"label":"621","id":"b16-l621","source":"πάντων ἀνθρώπων σβέσσαι μένος, ὅς κέ σευ ἄντα","translation":"to quench the fury of every man who comes against you","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l621.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνθρώπων","gloss":"of all"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"σβέσσαι","lemma":"σβέννυμι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"to quench"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of σβέσσαι","gloss":"fury"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔλθῃ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"σευ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἄντα","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἄντα","lemma":"ἄντα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"facing"}]},{"number":622,"label":"622","id":"b16-l622","source":"ἔλθῃ ἀμυνόμενος· θνητὸς δέ νυ καὶ σὺ τέτυξαι.","translation":"in his own defense, you too were made mortal.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l622.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔλθῃ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀνθρώπων","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"ἀμυνόμενος","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔλθῃ","gloss":"in his defense"},{"surface":"θνητὸς","lemma":"θνητός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"mortal"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νυ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τέτυξαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"τέτυξαι","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were made"}]},{"number":623,"label":"623","id":"b16-l623","source":"εἰ καὶ ἐγώ σε βάλοιμι τυχὼν μέσον ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ,","translation":"If I too should meet you and strike your middle with sharp bronze,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l623.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βάλοιμι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of βάλοιμι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"βάλοιμι","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"should strike"},{"surface":"τυχὼν","lemma":"τυγχάνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βάλοιμι","gloss":"meeting"},{"surface":"μέσον","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"ὀξέϊ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκῷ","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to βάλοιμι","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":624,"label":"624","id":"b16-l624","source":"αἶψά κε καὶ κρατερός περ ἐὼν καὶ χερσὶ πεποιθὼς","translation":"then swiftly, strong though you are and trusting in your hands,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l624.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψά","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δοίης","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κρατερός","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of πεποιθὼς","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"πεποιθὼς","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"trusting"}]},{"number":625,"label":"625","id":"b16-l625","source":"εὖχος ἐμοὶ δοίης, ψυχὴν δʼ Ἄϊδι κλυτοπώλῳ.","translation":"you would give me glory, and your life to Hades of the famous horses.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l625.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ἄϊδι κλυτοπώλῳ","title":"Hades of the famous horses","body":"κλυτόπωλος is Hades’ fixed epithet, literally associating him with famous horses. The boast divides the outcome sharply: glory for Meriones, life surrendered to the underworld god."}],"words":[{"surface":"εὖχος","lemma":"εὖχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δοίης","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δοίης","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"δοίης","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would give"},{"surface":"ψυχὴν","lemma":"ψυχή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"your life"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἄϊδι","lemma":"ᾍδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Hades"},{"surface":"κλυτοπώλῳ","lemma":"κλυτόπωλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄϊδι","gloss":"of famous horses"}]},{"number":626,"label":"626","id":"b16-l626","source":"ὣς φάτο, τὸν δʼ ἐνένιπε Μενοιτίου ἄλκιμος υἱός·","translation":"So he spoke, but the valiant son of Menoetius rebuked him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l626.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐνένιπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνένιπε","lemma":"ἐνίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rebuked"},{"surface":"Μενοιτίου","lemma":"Μενοίτιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"of Menoetius"},{"surface":"ἄλκιμος","lemma":"ἄλκιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"valiant"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐνένιπε","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":627,"label":"627","id":"b16-l627","source":"Μηριόνη τί σὺ ταῦτα καὶ ἐσθλὸς ἐὼν ἀγορεύεις;","translation":"\"Meriones, why, noble though you are, do you make this speech?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l627.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μηριόνη","lemma":"Μηριόνης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Meriones"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τίς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀγορεύεις","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀγορεύεις","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀγορεύεις","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἐσθλὸς","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀγορεύεις","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύεις","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you speak"}]},{"number":628,"label":"628","id":"b16-l628","source":"ὦ πέπον οὔ τοι Τρῶες ὀνειδείοις ἐπέεσσι","translation":"Friend, the Trojans will not leave the corpse for taunting words;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l628.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"o"},{"surface":"πέπον","lemma":"πέπων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"friend"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of χωρήσουσι","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ὀνειδείοις","lemma":"ὀνείδειος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἐπέεσσι","gloss":"taunting"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσι","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to χωρήσουσι","gloss":"words"}]},{"number":629,"label":"629","id":"b16-l629","source":"νεκροῦ χωρήσουσι· πάρος τινὰ γαῖα καθέξει.","translation":"before that, the earth will hold someone fast.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l629.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νεκροῦ","lemma":"νεκρός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of χωρήσουσι","gloss":"the corpse"},{"surface":"χωρήσουσι","lemma":"χωρέω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"leave"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καθέξει","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"τινὰ","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of καθέξει","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"γαῖα","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καθέξει","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"καθέξει","lemma":"κατέχω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will hold fast"}]},{"number":630,"label":"630","id":"b16-l630","source":"ἐν γὰρ χερσὶ τέλος πολέμου, ἐπέων δʼ ἐνὶ βουλῇ·","translation":"For the outcome of war lies in hands, but that of words in counsel;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l630.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"τέλος","lemma":"τέλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"end"},{"surface":"πολέμου","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τέλος","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"ἐπέων","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"βουλῇ","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"counsel"}]},{"number":631,"label":"631","id":"b16-l631","source":"τὼ οὔ τι χρὴ μῦθον ὀφέλλειν, ἀλλὰ μάχεσθαι.","translation":"so there is no need to swell our talk, but to fight.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l631.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"οὔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"χρὴ","lemma":"χρή","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"need"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀφέλλειν","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ὀφέλλειν","lemma":"ὀφέλλω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject of χρὴ","gloss":"swell"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":632,"label":"632","id":"b16-l632","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν ὃ μὲν ἦρχʼ, ὃ δʼ ἅμʼ ἕσπετο ἰσόθεος φώς.","translation":"So speaking, he led, and the godlike man followed with him.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l632.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦρχ̓","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦρχ̓","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἦρχ","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies φώς","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕσπετο","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ἕσπετο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"},{"surface":"ἰσόθεος","lemma":"ἰσόθεος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies φώς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"φώς","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕσπετο","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":633,"label":"633","id":"b16-l633","source":"τῶν δʼ ὥς τε δρυτόμων ἀνδρῶν ὀρυμαγδὸς ὀρώρει","translation":"Then rose a din like the noise of woodcutters","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l633.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"of these"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δρυτόμων","lemma":"δρυτόμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"woodcutters"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὀρυμαγδὸς","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"ὀρυμαγδὸς","lemma":"ὀρυμαγδός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὀρώρει","gloss":"din"},{"surface":"ὀρώρει","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"arose"}]},{"number":634,"label":"634","id":"b16-l634","source":"οὔρεος ἐν βήσσῃς, ἕκαθεν δέ τε γίγνετʼ ἀκουή,","translation":"in the glens of a mountain, and the sound is heard far away;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l634.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔρεος","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies βήσσῃς","gloss":"of a mountain"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"βήσσῃς","lemma":"βῆσσα","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the glens"},{"surface":"ἕκαθεν","lemma":"ἕκαθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γίγνετ̓","gloss":"from afar"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γίγνετ","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"arises"},{"surface":"ἀκουή","lemma":"ἀκουή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of γίγνετ̓","gloss":"sound"}]},{"number":635,"label":"635","id":"b16-l635","source":"ὣς τῶν ὄρνυτο δοῦπος ἀπὸ χθονὸς εὐρυοδείης","translation":"so from the broad-wayed earth rose the crash","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l635.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄρνυτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies τ̓","gloss":"of these"},{"surface":"ὄρνυτο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"δοῦπος","lemma":"δοῦπος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὄρνυτο","gloss":"din"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"χθονὸς","lemma":"χθών","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"the ground"},{"surface":"εὐρυοδείης","lemma":"εὐρυόδεια","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χθονὸς","gloss":"broad-wayed"}]},{"number":636,"label":"636","id":"b16-l636","source":"χαλκοῦ τε ῥινοῦ τε βοῶν τʼ εὐποιητάων,","translation":"of bronze and hide and well-made oxhide shields","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l636.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χαλκοῦ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τ̓","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥινοῦ","lemma":"ῥινόν","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies τ̓","gloss":"of hide"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βοῶν","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies τ̓","gloss":"oxhides"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὐποιητάων","lemma":"εὐποίητος","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies βοῶν","gloss":"well-made"}]},{"number":637,"label":"637","id":"b16-l637","source":"νυσσομένων ξίφεσίν τε καὶ ἔγχεσιν ἀμφιγύοισιν.","translation":"stabbed with swords and double-pointed spears.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l637.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νυσσομένων","lemma":"νύσσω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"modifies τῶν","gloss":"being stabbed"},{"surface":"ξίφεσίν","lemma":"ξίφος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"with swords"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔγχεσιν","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"spears"},{"surface":"ἀμφιγύοισιν","lemma":"ἀμφίγυος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχεσιν","gloss":"double-pointed"}]},{"number":638,"label":"638","id":"b16-l638","source":"οὐδʼ ἂν ἔτι φράδμων περ ἀνὴρ Σαρπηδόνα δῖον","translation":"Not even a discerning man could still have known godlike Sarpedon,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l638.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"οὐδʼ ἂν","title":"An unreal possibility","body":"The particle ἄν with the past-tense verb makes the claim potential and unreal: not even a perceptive observer could have recognized Sarpedon. The condition stresses how completely battle has effaced his body."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"φράδμων","lemma":"φράδμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"discerning"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔγνω","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"Σαρπηδόνα","lemma":"Σαρπηδών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔγνω","gloss":"Sarpedon"},{"surface":"δῖον","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Σαρπηδόνα","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":639,"label":"639","id":"b16-l639","source":"ἔγνω, ἐπεὶ βελέεσσι καὶ αἵματι καὶ κονίῃσιν","translation":"for with missiles and blood and dust he was wrapped","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l639.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔγνω","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have known"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"βελέεσσι","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"missiles"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἵματι","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"with blood"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κονίῃσιν","lemma":"κονία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"dust"}]},{"number":640,"label":"640","id":"b16-l640","source":"ἐκ κεφαλῆς εἴλυτο διαμπερὲς ἐς πόδας ἄκρους.","translation":"from his head all the way down to the tips of his feet.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l640.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"κεφαλῆς","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"εἴλυτο","lemma":"εἰλύω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"was wrapped"},{"surface":"διαμπερὲς","lemma":"διαμπερές","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴλυτο","gloss":"clean through"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πόδας","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐς","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"ἄκρους","lemma":"ἄκρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόδας","gloss":"tips"}]},{"number":641,"label":"641","id":"b16-l641","source":"οἳ δʼ αἰεὶ περὶ νεκρὸν ὁμίλεον, ὡς ὅτε μυῖαι","translation":"And always they thronged around the corpse, as flies","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l641.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὁμίλεον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὁμίλεον","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"νεκρὸν","lemma":"νεκρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"corpse"},{"surface":"ὁμίλεον","lemma":"ὁμιλέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"thronged"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"μυῖαι","lemma":"μυῖα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of βρομέωσι","gloss":"flies"}]},{"number":642,"label":"642","id":"b16-l642","source":"σταθμῷ ἔνι βρομέωσι περιγλαγέας κατὰ πέλλας","translation":"buzz in a farmstead around milk-brimming pails","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l642.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σταθμῷ","lemma":"σταθμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔνι","gloss":"farmstead"},{"surface":"ἔνι","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"βρομέωσι","lemma":"βρομέω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"buzz"},{"surface":"περιγλαγέας","lemma":"περιγλαγής","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies πέλλας","gloss":"milk-brimming"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"πέλλας","lemma":"πέλλα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"pails"}]},{"number":643,"label":"643","id":"b16-l643","source":"ὥρῃ ἐν εἰαρινῇ, ὅτε τε γλάγος ἄγγεα δεύει·","translation":"in the season of spring, when milk wets the vessels;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l643.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὥρῃ","lemma":"ὥρα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"season"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"εἰαρινῇ","lemma":"ἐαρινός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὥρῃ","gloss":"spring"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γλάγος","lemma":"γλάγος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of δεύει","gloss":"milk"},{"surface":"ἄγγεα","lemma":"ἄγγος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δεύει","gloss":"vessels"},{"surface":"δεύει","lemma":"δεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"drenches"}]},{"number":644,"label":"644","id":"b16-l644","source":"ὣς ἄρα τοὶ περὶ νεκρὸν ὁμίλεον, οὐδέ ποτε Ζεὺς","translation":"so they thronged around the corpse. And Zeus never","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l644.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὁμίλεον","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὁμίλεον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"νεκρὸν","lemma":"νεκρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"corpse"},{"surface":"ὁμίλεον","lemma":"ὁμιλέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"thronged"},{"surface":"ποτε","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to τρέψεν","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τρέψεν","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":645,"label":"645","id":"b16-l645","source":"τρέψεν ἀπὸ κρατερῆς ὑσμίνης ὄσσε φαεινώ,","translation":"turned his shining eyes from the mighty conflict,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l645.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τρέψεν","lemma":"τρέπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"κρατερῆς","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὑσμίνης","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ὑσμίνης","lemma":"ὑσμίνη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"combat"},{"surface":"ὄσσε","lemma":"ὄσσα","morphology":"accusative dual neuter noun","role":"object of τρέψεν","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"φαεινώ","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"accusative dual neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὄσσε","gloss":"shining"}]},{"number":646,"label":"646","id":"b16-l646","source":"ἀλλὰ κατʼ αὐτοὺς αἰὲν ὅρα καὶ φράζετο θυμῷ,","translation":"but always looked down upon them and pondered in his heart,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l646.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"αὐτοὺς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of κατ̓","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"αἰὲν","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὅρα","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"ὅρα","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"looked down"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φράζετο","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pondered"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to φράζετο","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":647,"label":"647","id":"b16-l647","source":"πολλὰ μάλʼ ἀμφὶ φόνῳ Πατρόκλου μερμηρίζων,","translation":"weighing many things about the killing of Patroclus:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l647.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀμφὶ φόνῳ Πατρόκλου μερμηρίζων","title":"Zeus weighs Patroclus’ death","body":"μερμηρίζων presents Zeus deliberating between two immediate courses for Patroclus. The narration names the coming killing before deciding when and through whom it will unfold."}],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to μερμηρίζων","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"φόνῳ","lemma":"φόνος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφὶ","gloss":"killing"},{"surface":"Πατρόκλου","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies φόνῳ","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"μερμηρίζων","lemma":"μερμηρίζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to φράζετο","gloss":"pondering"}]},{"number":648,"label":"648","id":"b16-l648","source":"ἢ ἤδη καὶ κεῖνον ἐνὶ κρατερῇ ὑσμίνῃ","translation":"whether now, there in the mighty conflict","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l648.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δῃώσῃ","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"κεῖνον","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of δῃώσῃ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κρατερῇ","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὑσμίνῃ","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ὑσμίνῃ","lemma":"ὑσμίνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"combat"}]},{"number":649,"label":"649","id":"b16-l649","source":"αὐτοῦ ἐπʼ ἀντιθέῳ Σαρπηδόνι φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ","translation":"over godlike Sarpedon, glorious Hector should","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l649.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δῃώσῃ","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ἀντιθέῳ","lemma":"ἀντίθεος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Σαρπηδόνι","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Σαρπηδόνι","lemma":"Σαρπηδών","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπ̓","gloss":"Sarpedon"},{"surface":"φαίδιμος","lemma":"φαίδιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δῃώσῃ","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":650,"label":"650","id":"b16-l650","source":"χαλκῷ δῃώσῃ, ἀπό τʼ ὤμων τεύχεʼ ἕληται,","translation":"cut him down with bronze and strip the armor from his shoulders,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l650.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δῃώσῃ","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"δῃώσῃ","lemma":"δηιόω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"cut down"},{"surface":"ἀπό","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"away from"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὤμων","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπό","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"τεύχε","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἕληται","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἕληται","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"strip"}]},{"number":651,"label":"651","id":"b16-l651","source":"ἦ ἔτι καὶ πλεόνεσσιν ὀφέλλειεν πόνον αἰπύν.","translation":"or whether he should increase the steep toil for still more men.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l651.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"πλεόνεσσιν","lemma":"πλείων","morphology":"dative plural masculine comparative adjective","role":"object of ὀφέλλειεν","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"ὀφέλλειεν","lemma":"ὀφέλλω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἦ","gloss":"increase"},{"surface":"πόνον","lemma":"πόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀφέλλειεν","gloss":"toil"},{"surface":"αἰπύν","lemma":"αἰπύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόνον","gloss":"steep"}]},{"number":652,"label":"652","id":"b16-l652","source":"ὧδε δέ οἱ φρονέοντι δοάσσατο κέρδιον εἶναι","translation":"As he thought on this, it seemed better to him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l652.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"δοάσσατο κέρδιον εἶναι","title":"The better course","body":"The verb δοάσσατο marks the result of Zeus’s deliberation: one course appeared more profitable or better. What follows is therefore Zeus’s chosen extension of the battle, not chance momentum."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δοάσσατο","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"φρονέοντι","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"modifies οἱ","gloss":"as he thought"},{"surface":"δοάσσατο","lemma":"δοάσσατο","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it seemed"},{"surface":"κέρδιον","lemma":"κερδίων","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject of δοάσσατο","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":653,"label":"653","id":"b16-l653","source":"ὄφρʼ ἠῢς θεράπων Πηληϊάδεω Ἀχιλῆος","translation":"that the noble attendant of Achilles, son of Peleus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l653.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ἠῢς","lemma":"ἐύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεράπων","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"θεράπων","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὤσαιτο","gloss":"attendant"},{"surface":"Πηληϊάδεω","lemma":"Πηλείδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀχιλῆος","gloss":"Peleus’ son"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆος","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θεράπων","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":654,"label":"654","id":"b16-l654","source":"ἐξαῦτις Τρῶάς τε καὶ Ἕκτορα χαλκοκορυστὴν","translation":"should drive the Trojans and bronze-helmed Hector once more","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l654.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξαῦτις","lemma":"ἐξαῦτις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὤσαιτο","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"Τρῶάς","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορα","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"χαλκοκορυστὴν","lemma":"χαλκοκορυστής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἕκτορα","gloss":"bronze-helmed"}]},{"number":655,"label":"655","id":"b16-l655","source":"ὤσαιτο προτὶ ἄστυ, πολέων δʼ ἀπὸ θυμὸν ἕλοιτο.","translation":"toward the city, and take the lives of many men.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l655.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤσαιτο","lemma":"ὠθέω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"drive"},{"surface":"προτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of προτὶ","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"πολέων","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἕλοιτο","gloss":"of many"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕλοιτο","gloss":"lives"},{"surface":"ἕλοιτο","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"take"}]},{"number":656,"label":"656","id":"b16-l656","source":"Ἕκτορι δὲ πρωτίστῳ ἀνάλκιδα θυμὸν ἐνῆκεν·","translation":"First he put a cowardly heart into Hector;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l656.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορι","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνῆκεν","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πρωτίστῳ","lemma":"πρώτιστος","morphology":"dative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ἀνάλκιδα","lemma":"ἄναλκις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμὸν","gloss":"cowardly"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνῆκεν","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐνῆκεν","lemma":"ἐνίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put"}]},{"number":657,"label":"657","id":"b16-l657","source":"ἐς δίφρον δʼ ἀναβὰς φύγαδʼ ἔτραπε, κέκλετο δʼ ἄλλους","translation":"mounting his chariot, Hector turned in flight and called to the other","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l657.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"δίφρον","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀναβὰς","lemma":"ἀναβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔτραπε","gloss":"mounting"},{"surface":"φύγαδ","lemma":"φύγαδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔτραπε","gloss":"in flight"},{"surface":"ἔτραπε","lemma":"τρέπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"κέκλετο","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλους","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρῶας","gloss":"the other"}]},{"number":658,"label":"658","id":"b16-l658","source":"Τρῶας φευγέμεναι· γνῶ γὰρ Διὸς ἱρὰ τάλαντα.","translation":"Trojans to flee, for he knew the sacred scales of Zeus.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l658.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶας","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κέκλετο","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"φευγέμεναι","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of κέκλετο","gloss":"to flee"},{"surface":"γνῶ","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τάλαντα","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"ἱρὰ","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τάλαντα","gloss":"sacred"},{"surface":"τάλαντα","lemma":"τάλαντον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of γνῶ","gloss":"scales"}]},{"number":659,"label":"659","id":"b16-l659","source":"ἔνθʼ οὐδʼ ἴφθιμοι Λύκιοι μένον, ἀλλὰ φόβηθεν","translation":"Then not even the mighty Lycians stood firm, but all","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l659.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μένον","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἴφθιμοι","lemma":"ἴφθιμος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Λύκιοι","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"Λύκιοι","lemma":"Λύκιοι","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of μένον","gloss":"Lycians"},{"surface":"μένον","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood firm"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"φόβηθεν","lemma":"φοβέω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fled in rout"}]},{"number":660,"label":"660","id":"b16-l660","source":"πάντες, ἐπεὶ βασιλῆα ἴδον βεβλαμμένον ἦτορ","translation":"fled when they saw their king, struck in the heart,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l660.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of φόβηθεν","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"βασιλῆα","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἴδον","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"ἴδον","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"they saw"},{"surface":"βεβλαμμένον","lemma":"βλάπτω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies βασιλῆα","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to βεβλαμμένον","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":661,"label":"661","id":"b16-l661","source":"κείμενον ἐν νεκύων ἀγύρει· πολέες γὰρ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ","translation":"lying in a heap of corpses; for many upon him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l661.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κείμενον","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies βασιλῆα","gloss":"lying"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"νεκύων","lemma":"νέκυς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀγύρει","gloss":"of the dead"},{"surface":"ἀγύρει","lemma":"ἄγυρις","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"heap"},{"surface":"πολέες","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of κάππεσον","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":662,"label":"662","id":"b16-l662","source":"κάππεσον, εὖτʼ ἔριδα κρατερὴν ἐτάνυσσε Κρονίων.","translation":"had fallen when the son of Cronos stretched out the mighty strife.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l662.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κάππεσον","lemma":"καταπίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell down"},{"surface":"εὖτ","lemma":"εὖτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἔριδα","lemma":"ἔρις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐτάνυσσε","gloss":"strife"},{"surface":"κρατερὴν","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἔριδα","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ἐτάνυσσε","lemma":"τανύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εὖτ̓","gloss":"stretched out"},{"surface":"Κρονίων","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐτάνυσσε","gloss":"the son of Cronos"}]},{"number":663,"label":"663","id":"b16-l663","source":"οἳ δʼ ἄρʼ ἀπʼ ὤμοιιν Σαρπηδόνος ἔντεʼ ἕλοντο","translation":"Then they stripped the armor from Sarpedon’s shoulders,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l663.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕλοντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὤμοιιν","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"genitive dual masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπ̓","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"Σαρπηδόνος","lemma":"Σαρπηδών","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὤμοιιν","gloss":"Sarpedon"},{"surface":"ἔντε","lemma":"ἔντεα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἕλοντο","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἕλοντο","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stripped"}]},{"number":664,"label":"664","id":"b16-l664","source":"χάλκεα μαρμαίροντα, τὰ μὲν κοίλας ἐπὶ νῆας","translation":"the flashing bronze; and to the hollow ships","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l664.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χάλκεα","lemma":"χάλκεος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔντἐ","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"μαρμαίροντα","lemma":"μαρμαίρω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifies ἔντἐ","gloss":"flashing"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of δῶκε","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κοίλας","lemma":"κοῖλος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"}]},{"number":665,"label":"665","id":"b16-l665","source":"δῶκε φέρειν ἑτάροισι Μενοιτίου ἄλκιμος υἱός.","translation":"the valiant son of Menoetius gave it to his comrades to carry.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l665.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῶκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἔντἐ","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"φέρειν","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to δῶκε","gloss":"carry"},{"surface":"ἑτάροισι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δῶκε","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"Μενοιτίου","lemma":"Μενοίτιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"of Menoetius"},{"surface":"ἄλκιμος","lemma":"ἄλκιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"valiant"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δῶκε","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":666,"label":"666","id":"b16-l666","source":"καὶ τότʼ Ἀπόλλωνα προσέφη νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς·","translation":"Then cloud-gathering Zeus addressed Apollo:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l666.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ἀπόλλωνα προσέφη νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς","title":"Zeus addresses Apollo","body":"The complete speech-introduction formula repeats the Book 15 wording exactly. Zeus now directs Apollo to remove and prepare Sarpedon’s body."}],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τότ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλωνα","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"Apollo"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"νεφεληγερέτα","lemma":"νεφεληγερέτα","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεύς","gloss":"cloud-gatherer"},{"surface":"Ζεύς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":667,"label":"667","id":"b16-l667","source":"εἰ δʼ ἄγε νῦν φίλε Φοῖβε, κελαινεφὲς αἷμα κάθηρον","translation":"\"Come now, dear Phoebus: go cleanse the dark blood","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l667.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κελαινεφὲς αἷμα","title":"Dark, clouded blood","body":"κελαινεφής describes the blood as dark or black-clouded. Apollo’s first task is explicitly to cleanse away the marks of battlefield violence."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κάθηρον","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"φίλε","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Φοῖβε","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"Φοῖβε","lemma":"Φοῖβος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Phoebus"},{"surface":"κελαινεφὲς","lemma":"κελαινεφής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies αἷμα","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"αἷμα","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κάθηρον","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"κάθηρον","lemma":"καθαίρω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cleanse"}]},{"number":668,"label":"668","id":"b16-l668","source":"ἐλθὼν ἐκ βελέων Σαρπηδόνα, καί μιν ἔπειτα","translation":"from Sarpedon, away from the missiles; and then","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l668.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐλθὼν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κάθηρον","gloss":"coming"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"βελέων","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"missiles"},{"surface":"Σαρπηδόνα","lemma":"Σαρπηδών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κάθηρον","gloss":"Sarpedon"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τ̓","gloss":"then"}]},{"number":669,"label":"669","id":"b16-l669","source":"πολλὸν ἀπὸ πρὸ φέρων λοῦσον ποταμοῖο ῥοῇσι","translation":"carry him far off and wash him in the streams of a river,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l669.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὸν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to φέρων","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"πρὸ","lemma":"πρό","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φέρων","gloss":"far away"},{"surface":"φέρων","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τ̓","gloss":"carrying"},{"surface":"λοῦσον","lemma":"λούω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wash"},{"surface":"ποταμοῖο","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ῥοῇσι","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"ῥοῇσι","lemma":"ῥοή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to λοῦσον","gloss":"streams"}]},{"number":670,"label":"670","id":"b16-l670","source":"χρῖσόν τʼ ἀμβροσίῃ, περὶ δʼ ἄμβροτα εἵματα ἕσσον·","translation":"anoint him with ambrosia, and clothe him round in immortal garments;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l670.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χρῖσόν","lemma":"χρίω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"anoint him"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμβροσίῃ","lemma":"ἀμβροσίη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to χρῖσόν","gloss":"with ambrosia"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄμβροτα","lemma":"ἄμβροτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies εἵματα","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"εἵματα","lemma":"εἷμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἕσσον","gloss":"garments"},{"surface":"ἕσσον","lemma":"ἵζω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"clothe"}]},{"number":671,"label":"671","id":"b16-l671","source":"πέμπε δέ μιν πομποῖσιν ἅμα κραιπνοῖσι φέρεσθαι","translation":"and send him to be borne by swift escorts,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l671.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πέμπε","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"send"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πέμπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"πομποῖσιν","lemma":"πομπός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"escorts"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"κραιπνοῖσι","lemma":"κραιπνός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πομποῖσιν","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"φέρεσθαι","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to πέμπε","gloss":"be borne"}]},{"number":672,"label":"672","id":"b16-l672","source":"ὕπνῳ καὶ θανάτῳ διδυμάοσιν, οἵ ῥά μιν ὦκα","translation":"Sleep and Death, twin brothers, who swiftly","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l672.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὕπνῳ","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θανάτῳ","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"διδυμάοσιν","lemma":"διδυμάων","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"twins"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of θήσουσ̓","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of θήσουσ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ὦκα","lemma":"ὦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θήσουσ̓","gloss":"swiftly"}]},{"number":673,"label":"673","id":"b16-l673","source":"θήσουσʼ ἐν Λυκίης εὐρείης πίονι δήμῳ,","translation":"will set him in the rich land of broad Lycia.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l673.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θήσουσ","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Λυκίης","lemma":"Λυκία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies δήμῳ","gloss":"Lycia"},{"surface":"εὐρείης","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Λυκίης","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"πίονι","lemma":"πίων","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δήμῳ","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"δήμῳ","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":674,"label":"674","id":"b16-l674","source":"ἔνθά ἑ ταρχύσουσι κασίγνητοί τε ἔται τε","translation":"There his brothers and companions will bury him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l674.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθά","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ταρχύσουσι","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἑ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ταρχύσουσι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ταρχύσουσι","lemma":"ταρχύω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δήμῳ","gloss":"perform funeral rites"},{"surface":"κασίγνητοί","lemma":"κασίγνητος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"brothers"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔται","lemma":"ἔτης","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":675,"label":"675","id":"b16-l675","source":"τύμβῳ τε στήλῃ τε· τὸ γὰρ γέρας ἐστὶ θανόντων.","translation":"with mound and marker, for that is the honor of the dead.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l675.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τύμβῳ","lemma":"τύμβος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"mound"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στήλῃ","lemma":"στήλη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"marker"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἐστὶ","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"γέρας","lemma":"γέρας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"honor"},{"surface":"ἐστὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"θανόντων","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"modifies γέρας","gloss":"dead"}]},{"number":676,"label":"676","id":"b16-l676","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἄρα πατρὸς ἀνηκούστησεν Ἀπόλλων.","translation":"So he spoke, and Apollo did not disobey his father.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l676.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνηκούστησεν","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἀνηκούστησεν","lemma":"ἀνηκουστέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did not disobey"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνηκούστησεν","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":677,"label":"677","id":"b16-l677","source":"βῆ δὲ κατʼ Ἰδαίων ὀρέων ἐς φύλοπιν αἰνήν,","translation":"He went down from the mountains of Ida into the grim battle,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l677.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"Ἰδαίων","lemma":"Ἰδαῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀρέων","gloss":"of Ida"},{"surface":"ὀρέων","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of κατ̓","gloss":"mountains"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"φύλοπιν","lemma":"φύλοπις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"battle-din"},{"surface":"αἰνήν","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies φύλοπιν","gloss":"grim"}]},{"number":678,"label":"678","id":"b16-l678","source":"αὐτίκα δʼ ἐκ βελέων Σαρπηδόνα δῖον ἀείρας","translation":"and at once lifted godlike Sarpedon away from the missiles;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l678.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀείρας","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"βελέων","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"missiles"},{"surface":"Σαρπηδόνα","lemma":"Σαρπηδών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀείρας","gloss":"Sarpedon"},{"surface":"δῖον","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Σαρπηδόνα","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"ἀείρας","lemma":"ἀείρω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τ̓","gloss":"lifted"}]},{"number":679,"label":"679","id":"b16-l679","source":"πολλὸν ἀπὸ πρὸ φέρων λοῦσεν ποταμοῖο ῥοῇσι","translation":"carrying him far off, he washed him in the streams of a river,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l679.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὸν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to φέρων","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"πρὸ","lemma":"πρό","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φέρων","gloss":"far away"},{"surface":"φέρων","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τ̓","gloss":"carrying"},{"surface":"λοῦσεν","lemma":"λούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bathed"},{"surface":"ποταμοῖο","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ῥοῇσι","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"ῥοῇσι","lemma":"ῥοή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to λοῦσεν","gloss":"streams"}]},{"number":680,"label":"680","id":"b16-l680","source":"χρῖσέν τʼ ἀμβροσίῃ, περὶ δʼ ἄμβροτα εἵματα ἕσσε·","translation":"anointed him with ambrosia, and clothed him round in immortal garments;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l680.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χρῖσέν","lemma":"χρίω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"anointed him"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμβροσίῃ","lemma":"ἀμβροσίη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to χρῖσέν","gloss":"with ambrosia"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄμβροτα","lemma":"ἄμβροτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies εἵματα","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"εἵματα","lemma":"εἷμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἕσσε","gloss":"garments"},{"surface":"ἕσσε","lemma":"ἕννυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"clothed"}]},{"number":681,"label":"681","id":"b16-l681","source":"πέμπε δέ μιν πομποῖσιν ἅμα κραιπνοῖσι φέρεσθαι,","translation":"and sent him to be borne by swift escorts,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l681.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πέμπε","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πέμπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"πομποῖσιν","lemma":"πομπός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"escorts"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"κραιπνοῖσι","lemma":"κραιπνός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πομποῖσιν","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"φέρεσθαι","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to πέμπε","gloss":"to be borne"}]},{"number":682,"label":"682","id":"b16-l682","source":"ὕπνῳ καὶ θανάτῳ διδυμάοσιν, οἵ ῥά μιν ὦκα","translation":"Sleep and Death, twin brothers, who swiftly","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l682.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὕπνῳ","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θανάτῳ","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"διδυμάοσιν","lemma":"διδυμάων","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"twins"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κάτθεσαν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κάτθεσαν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ὦκα","lemma":"ὦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κάτθεσαν","gloss":"swiftly"}]},{"number":683,"label":"683","id":"b16-l683","source":"κάτθεσαν ἐν Λυκίης εὐρείης πίονι δήμῳ.","translation":"set him down in the rich land of broad Lycia.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l683.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κάτθεσαν","lemma":"κατατίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"set down"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Λυκίης","lemma":"Λυκία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies δήμῳ","gloss":"Lycia"},{"surface":"εὐρείης","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Λυκίης","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"πίονι","lemma":"πίων","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δήμῳ","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"δήμῳ","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":684,"label":"684","id":"b16-l684","source":"Πάτροκλος δʼ ἵπποισι καὶ Αὐτομέδοντι κελεύσας","translation":"But Patroclus called to the horses and Automedon","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l684.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πάτροκλος","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μετεκίαθε","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵπποισι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Αὐτομέδοντι","lemma":"Αὐτομέδων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Automedon"},{"surface":"κελεύσας","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μετεκίαθε","gloss":"urging"}]},{"number":685,"label":"685","id":"b16-l685","source":"Τρῶας καὶ Λυκίους μετεκίαθε, καὶ μέγʼ ἀάσθη","translation":"and pursued the Trojans and Lycians, and went greatly astray,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l685.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μέγʼ ἀάσθη","title":"Patroclus goes astray","body":"The passive verb ἀάσθη marks ruinous delusion or error, not simple pride. Patroclus’ pursuit beyond the rescued ships is the decisive overreach against Achilles’ command."}],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶας","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Λυκίους","lemma":"Λύκιοι","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Lycians"},{"surface":"μετεκίαθε","lemma":"μετακιάθω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pursued"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέγ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀάσθη","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"ἀάσθη","lemma":"ἀάω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went astray"}]},{"number":686,"label":"686","id":"b16-l686","source":"νήπιος· εἰ δὲ ἔπος Πηληϊάδαο φύλαξεν","translation":"fool that he was; had he kept the word of the son of Peleus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l686.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νήπιος","lemma":"νήπιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"fool"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of φύλαξεν","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"Πηληϊάδαο","lemma":"Πηλείδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἔπος","gloss":"son of Peleus"},{"surface":"φύλαξεν","lemma":"φυλάσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"kept"}]},{"number":687,"label":"687","id":"b16-l687","source":"ἦ τʼ ἂν ὑπέκφυγε κῆρα κακὴν μέλανος θανάτοιο.","translation":"he would have escaped the evil doom of black death.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l687.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ὑπέκφυγε","lemma":"ὑπεκφεύγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"escaped"},{"surface":"κῆρα","lemma":"κήρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπέκφυγε","gloss":"doom"},{"surface":"κακὴν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κῆρα","gloss":"cruel"},{"surface":"μέλανος","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θανάτοιο","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"θανάτοιο","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κῆρα","gloss":"of death"}]},{"number":688,"label":"688","id":"b16-l688","source":"ἀλλʼ αἰεί τε Διὸς κρείσσων νόος ἠέ περ ἀνδρῶν·","translation":"But the purpose of Zeus is always stronger than that of men;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l688.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αἰεί","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies νόος","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"κρείσσων","lemma":"κρείσσων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"stronger"},{"surface":"νόος","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"ἠέ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":689,"label":"689","id":"b16-l689","source":"ὅς τε καὶ ἄλκιμον ἄνδρα φοβεῖ καὶ ἀφείλετο νίκην","translation":"he puts even a valiant man to flight and takes away his victory","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l689.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἄλκιμον","lemma":"ἄλκιμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνδρα","gloss":"valiant"},{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φοβεῖ","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"φοβεῖ","lemma":"φοβέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"puts to flight"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀφείλετο","lemma":"ἀφαιρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"takes away"},{"surface":"νίκην","lemma":"νίκη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀφείλετο","gloss":"victory"}]},{"number":690,"label":"690","id":"b16-l690","source":"ῥηϊδίως, ὅτε δʼ αὐτὸς ἐποτρύνῃσι μάχεσθαι·","translation":"with ease, and at another time himself urges him to fight;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l690.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥηϊδίως","lemma":"ῥᾴδιος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀφείλετο","gloss":"with ease"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ἐποτρύνῃσι","lemma":"ἐποτρύνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"urges"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἐποτρύνῃσι","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":691,"label":"691","id":"b16-l691","source":"ὅς οἱ καὶ τότε θυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἀνῆκεν.","translation":"and he then roused the spirit in Patroclus’ breast.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l691.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀνῆκεν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies στήθεσσιν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνῆκεν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνῆκεν","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσιν","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"ἀνῆκεν","lemma":"ἀνίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"roused"}]},{"number":692,"label":"692","id":"b16-l692","source":"ἔνθα τίνα πρῶτον τίνα δʼ ὕστατον ἐξενάριξας","translation":"Whom first, whom last did you strip of armor,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l692.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τίνα","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"πρῶτον","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"τίνα","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δ̓","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὕστατον","lemma":"ὕστερος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"ἐξενάριξας","lemma":"ἐξεναρίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slew and stripped"}]},{"number":693,"label":"693","id":"b16-l693","source":"Πατρόκλεις, ὅτε δή σε θεοὶ θάνατον δὲ κάλεσσαν;","translation":"Patroclus, when the gods called you toward death?","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l693.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πατρόκλεις","lemma":"πάτροκλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κάλεσσαν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of κάλεσσαν","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"θάνατον","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κάλεσσαν","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"κάλεσσαν","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"called"}]},{"number":694,"label":"694","id":"b16-l694","source":"Ἄδρηστον μὲν πρῶτα καὶ Αὐτόνοον καὶ Ἔχεκλον","translation":"First Adrastus, and Autonous, and Echeclus,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l694.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἄδρηστον","lemma":"ἄδραστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Adrastus"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πρῶτα","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Αὐτόνοον","lemma":"Αὐτόνοος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Autonous"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἔχεκλον","lemma":"Ἔχεκλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Echeclus"}]},{"number":695,"label":"695","id":"b16-l695","source":"καὶ Πέριμον Μεγάδην καὶ Ἐπίστορα καὶ Μελάνιππον,","translation":"and Perimus, son of Megas, and Epistor, and Melanippus;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l695.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πέριμον","lemma":"Πέριμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Perimus"},{"surface":"Μεγάδην","lemma":"Μεγάδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πέριμον","gloss":"son of Megas"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἐπίστορα","lemma":"Ἐπίστωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Epistor"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μελάνιππον","lemma":"Μελάνιππος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Melanippus"}]},{"number":696,"label":"696","id":"b16-l696","source":"αὐτὰρ ἔπειτʼ Ἔλασον καὶ Μούλιον ἠδὲ Πυλάρτην·","translation":"and after them Elasus, and Mulius, and Pylartes.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l696.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἔλασον","lemma":"Ἔλασος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"Elasus"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μούλιον","lemma":"Μούλιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"Mulius"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πυλάρτην","lemma":"Πυλάρτης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"Pylartes"}]},{"number":697,"label":"697","id":"b16-l697","source":"τοὺς ἕλεν· οἳ δʼ ἄλλοι φύγαδε μνώοντο ἕκαστος.","translation":"These he killed; each of the others thought only of flight.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l697.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἕλεν","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ἕλεν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slew"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἄλλοι","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of μνώοντο","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"φύγαδε","lemma":"φύγαδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of μνώοντο","gloss":"in flight"},{"surface":"μνώοντο","lemma":"μνάομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"thought of"},{"surface":"ἕκαστος","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":698,"label":"698","id":"b16-l698","source":"ἔνθά κεν ὑψίπυλον Τροίην ἕλον υἷες Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"Then the sons of the Achaeans would have taken high-gated Troy","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l698.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθά","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕλον","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ὑψίπυλον","lemma":"ὑψίπυλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Τροίην","gloss":"high-gated"},{"surface":"Τροίην","lemma":"Τροία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἕλον","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"ἕλον","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have taken"},{"surface":"υἷες","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕλον","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷες","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":699,"label":"699","id":"b16-l699","source":"Πατρόκλου ὑπὸ χερσί, περὶ πρὸ γὰρ ἔγχεϊ θῦεν,","translation":"beneath Patroclus’ hands, for he raged foremost with his spear,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l699.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πατρόκλου","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies χερσί","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"χερσί","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὸ","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θῦεν","gloss":"far","note":"Adverbial with the following preverb, marking position far in front."},{"surface":"πρὸ","lemma":"πρό","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θῦεν","gloss":"in front"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔγχεϊ","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to θῦεν","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"θῦεν","lemma":"θύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to γὰρ","gloss":"raged"}]},{"number":700,"label":"700","id":"b16-l700","source":"εἰ μὴ Ἀπόλλων Φοῖβος ἐϋδμήτου ἐπὶ πύργου","translation":"had not Phoebus Apollo stood upon the well-built tower,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l700.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔστη","gloss":"Apollo"},{"surface":"Φοῖβος","lemma":"Φοῖβος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"Phoebus"},{"surface":"ἐϋδμήτου","lemma":"εὔδμητος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πύργου","gloss":"well-built"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"πύργου","lemma":"πύργος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"tower"}]},{"number":701,"label":"701","id":"b16-l701","source":"ἔστη τῷ ὀλοὰ φρονέων, Τρώεσσι δʼ ἀρήγων.","translation":"planning ruin for him and bringing aid to the Trojans.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l701.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔστη","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of φρονέων","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"ὀλοὰ","lemma":"ὀλοός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to φρονέων","gloss":"ruin"},{"surface":"φρονέων","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"intending"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀρήγων","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀρήγων","lemma":"ἀρήγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δ̓","gloss":"aiding"}]},{"number":702,"label":"702","id":"b16-l702","source":"τρὶς μὲν ἐπʼ ἀγκῶνος βῆ τείχεος ὑψηλοῖο","translation":"Three times Patroclus stepped upon the corner of the high wall,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l702.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τρὶς","lemma":"τρίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"three times"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ἀγκῶνος","lemma":"ἀγκών","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"corner"},{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"τείχεος","lemma":"τεῖχος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ἀγκῶνος","gloss":"the wall"},{"surface":"ὑψηλοῖο","lemma":"ὑψηλός","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τείχεος","gloss":"high"}]},{"number":703,"label":"703","id":"b16-l703","source":"Πάτροκλος, τρὶς δʼ αὐτὸν ἀπεστυφέλιξεν Ἀπόλλων","translation":"and three times Apollo battered him back,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l703.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πάτροκλος","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βῆ","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"τρὶς","lemma":"τρίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπεστυφέλιξεν","gloss":"three times"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀπεστυφέλιξεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἀπεστυφέλιξεν","lemma":"ἀποστυφελίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"battered back"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπεστυφέλιξεν","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":704,"label":"704","id":"b16-l704","source":"χείρεσσʼ ἀθανάτῃσι φαεινὴν ἀσπίδα νύσσων.","translation":"striking the shining shield with his immortal hands.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l704.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χείρεσσ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to νύσσων","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτῃσι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χείρεσσ̓","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"φαεινὴν","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀσπίδα","gloss":"shining"},{"surface":"ἀσπίδα","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of νύσσων","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"νύσσων","lemma":"νύσσω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπεστυφέλιξεν","gloss":"battering"}]},{"number":705,"label":"705","id":"b16-l705","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ τὸ τέταρτον ἐπέσσυτο δαίμονι ἶσος,","translation":"But when he charged a fourth time, equal to a god,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l705.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δαίμονι ἶσος","title":"Equal to a god","body":"The repeated formula raises Patroclus to godlike force at the precise moment a god must halt him. It preserves the accepted wording established for Diomedes’ fourth charge against Apollo."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter article","role":"modifies τέταρτον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"τέταρτον","lemma":"τέταρτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπέσσυτο","gloss":"fourth"},{"surface":"ἐπέσσυτο","lemma":"ἐπισεύω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"charged"},{"surface":"δαίμονι","lemma":"δαίμων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἶσος","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"ἶσος","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"equal"}]},{"number":706,"label":"706","id":"b16-l706","source":"δεινὰ δʼ ὁμοκλήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"Apollo cried out terribly and addressed him with winged words:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l706.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεινὰ","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ὁμοκλήσας","gloss":"terribly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὁμοκλήσας","lemma":"ὁμοκλέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"cried out"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":707,"label":"707","id":"b16-l707","source":"χάζεο διογενὲς Πατρόκλεες· οὔ νύ τοι αἶσα","translation":"\"Draw back, Patroclus, sprung from Zeus! It is not your fate","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l707.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χάζεο","lemma":"χάζω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"draw back"},{"surface":"διογενὲς","lemma":"διογενής","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πατρόκλεες","gloss":"sprung from Zeus"},{"surface":"Πατρόκλεες","lemma":"Πατροκλῆς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"αἶσα","lemma":"αἶσα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"fate"}]},{"number":708,"label":"708","id":"b16-l708","source":"σῷ ὑπὸ δουρὶ πόλιν πέρθαι Τρώων ἀγερώχων,","translation":"to sack beneath your spear the city of the proud Trojans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l708.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σῷ","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δουρὶ","gloss":"by your"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of πέρθαι","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"πέρθαι","lemma":"πέρθω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"sack"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies πόλιν","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἀγερώχων","lemma":"ἀγέρωχος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρώων","gloss":"proud"}]},{"number":709,"label":"709","id":"b16-l709","source":"οὐδʼ ὑπʼ Ἀχιλλῆος, ὅς περ σέο πολλὸν ἀμείνων.","translation":"nor is it Achilles’ fate, though he is far better than you.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l709.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλῆος","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"σέο","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀμείνων","gloss":"than you"},{"surface":"πολλὸν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀμείνων","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"ἀμείνων","lemma":"ἀμείνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"better"}]},{"number":710,"label":"710","id":"b16-l710","source":"ὣς φάτο, Πάτροκλος δʼ ἀνεχάζετο πολλὸν ὀπίσσω","translation":"So he spoke, and Patroclus drew far back,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l710.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"Πάτροκλος","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνεχάζετο","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνεχάζετο","lemma":"ἀναχάζω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew back"},{"surface":"πολλὸν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀνεχάζετο","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"ὀπίσσω","lemma":"ὀπίσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνεχάζετο","gloss":"back"}]},{"number":711,"label":"711","id":"b16-l711","source":"μῆνιν ἀλευάμενος ἑκατηβόλου Ἀπόλλωνος.","translation":"avoiding the wrath of far-shooting Apollo.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l711.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μῆνιν","title":"Divine wrath","body":"μῆνις is the poem’s charged word for terrible, enduring wrath. Here Patroclus retreats to avoid Apollo’s divine anger after the god’s explicit warning."}],"words":[{"surface":"μῆνιν","lemma":"μῆνις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀλευάμενος","gloss":"wrath"},{"surface":"ἀλευάμενος","lemma":"ἀλέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀνεχάζετο","gloss":"avoiding"},{"surface":"ἑκατηβόλου","lemma":"ἑκατηβόλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλωνος","gloss":"far-shooting"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλωνος","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μῆνιν","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":712,"label":"712","id":"b16-l712","source":"Ἕκτωρ δʼ ἐν Σκαιῇσι πύλῃς ἔχε μώνυχας ἵππους·","translation":"But Hector held his single-hoofed horses within the Scaean gates;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l712.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔχε","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Σκαιῇσι","lemma":"Σκαιαί","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies πύλῃς","gloss":"Scaean"},{"surface":"πύλῃς","lemma":"πύλη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"at the gates"},{"surface":"ἔχε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"μώνυχας","lemma":"μῶνυξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"single-hoofed"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχε","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":713,"label":"713","id":"b16-l713","source":"δίζε γὰρ ἠὲ μάχοιτο κατὰ κλόνον αὖτις ἐλάσσας,","translation":"for he was pondering whether to drive back again into battle and fight,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l713.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"δίζε","title":"Hector at a crossroads","body":"The imperfect verb presents Hector still wavering between two courses: returning to battle or calling the Trojans inside the wall. Apollo's arrival breaks that hesitation."}],"words":[{"surface":"δίζε","lemma":"δίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was pondering"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"μάχοιτο","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἦ","gloss":"to fight"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κλόνον","lemma":"κλόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"tumult"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐλάσσας","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἐλάσσας","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μάχοιτο","gloss":"drive"}]},{"number":714,"label":"714","id":"b16-l714","source":"ἦ λαοὺς ἐς τεῖχος ὁμοκλήσειεν ἀλῆναι.","translation":"or call the people to gather within the wall.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l714.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"λαοὺς","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀλῆναι","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"τεῖχος","lemma":"τεῖχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"ὁμοκλήσειεν","lemma":"ὁμοκλέω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἦ","gloss":"call"},{"surface":"ἀλῆναι","lemma":"εἴλω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"object of ὁμοκλήσειεν","gloss":"gather"}]},{"number":715,"label":"715","id":"b16-l715","source":"ταῦτʼ ἄρα οἱ φρονέοντι παρίστατο Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων","translation":"As he pondered this, Phoebus Apollo stood beside him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l715.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ταῦτ","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of φρονέοντι","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of παρίστατο","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"φρονέοντι","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"modifies οἱ","gloss":"as he thought"},{"surface":"παρίστατο","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"Φοῖβος","lemma":"Φοῖβος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"Phoebus"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of παρίστατο","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":716,"label":"716","id":"b16-l716","source":"ἀνέρι εἰσάμενος αἰζηῷ τε κρατερῷ τε","translation":"taking the likeness of a young man, vigorous and strong,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l716.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνέρι","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"εἰσάμενος","lemma":"εἴδομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to παρίστατο","gloss":"in the likeness"},{"surface":"αἰζηῷ","lemma":"αἰζηός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κρατερῷ","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":717,"label":"717","id":"b16-l717","source":"Ἀσίῳ, ὃς μήτρως ἦν Ἕκτορος ἱπποδάμοιο","translation":"Asius, who was the maternal uncle of Hector, tamer of horses,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l717.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀσίῳ","lemma":"ἄσιος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Asius"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"μήτρως","lemma":"μήτρως","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"maternal uncle"},{"surface":"ἦν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορος","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μήτρως","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"ἱπποδάμοιο","lemma":"ἱππόδαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορος","gloss":"tamer of horses"}]},{"number":718,"label":"718","id":"b16-l718","source":"αὐτοκασίγνητος Ἑκάβης, υἱὸς δὲ Δύμαντος,","translation":"Hecuba's own brother and a son of Dymas,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l718.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτοκασίγνητος","lemma":"αὐτοκασίγνητος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"own brother"},{"surface":"Ἑκάβης","lemma":"Ἑκάβη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies αὐτοκασίγνητος","gloss":"Hecuba"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Δύμαντος","lemma":"Δύμας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"Dymas"}]},{"number":719,"label":"719","id":"b16-l719","source":"ὃς Φρυγίῃ ναίεσκε ῥοῇς ἔπι Σαγγαρίοιο·","translation":"who dwelt in Phrygia beside the streams of the Sangarius.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l719.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ναίεσκε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"Φρυγίῃ","lemma":"Φρύγιος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"object of ναίεσκε","gloss":"in Phrygia"},{"surface":"ναίεσκε","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Δύμαντος","gloss":"lived"},{"surface":"ῥοῇς","lemma":"ῥοή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔπι","gloss":"streams"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"Σαγγαρίοιο","lemma":"Σαγγάριος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ῥοῇς","gloss":"of the Sangarius"}]},{"number":720,"label":"720","id":"b16-l720","source":"τῷ μιν ἐεισάμενος προσέφη Διὸς υἱὸς Ἀπόλλων·","translation":"In his likeness Apollo, son of Zeus, addressed Hector:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l720.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐεισάμενος","gloss":"in his likeness"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἐεισάμενος","lemma":"εἴδομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"having likened himself"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":721,"label":"721","id":"b16-l721","source":"Ἕκτορ τίπτε μάχης ἀποπαύεαι; οὐδέ τί σε χρή.","translation":"\"Hector, why have you ceased from battle? You should not do so.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l721.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτορ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"τίπτε","lemma":"τίπτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀποπαύεαι","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"μάχης","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀποπαύεαι","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"ἀποπαύεαι","lemma":"ἀποπαύω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have ceased"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to χρή","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of χρή","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"χρή","lemma":"χρή","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"must"}]},{"number":722,"label":"722","id":"b16-l722","source":"αἴθʼ ὅσον ἥσσων εἰμί, τόσον σέο φέρτερος εἴην·","translation":"If only I were as much stronger than you as I am weaker,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l722.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"αἴθʼ ὅσον ἥσσων εἰμί, τόσον σέο φέρτερος εἴην","title":"A cutting comparison","body":"The paired ὅσον ... τόσον measures one comparison against another: Asius claims to be weaker than Hector, then wishes he were stronger by the same degree. The disguised god uses deference to sharpen his rebuke."}],"words":[{"surface":"αἴθ","lemma":"εἴθε","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"if only"},{"surface":"ὅσον","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἥσσων","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ἥσσων","lemma":"ἥσσων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"weaker"},{"surface":"εἰμί","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to τόσον","gloss":"I am"},{"surface":"τόσον","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to φέρτερος","gloss":"so far"},{"surface":"σέο","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to φέρτερος","gloss":"than you"},{"surface":"φέρτερος","lemma":"φέρτερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"stronger"},{"surface":"εἴην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were"}]},{"number":723,"label":"723","id":"b16-l723","source":"τώ κε τάχα στυγερῶς πολέμου ἀπερωήσειας.","translation":"then you would soon shrink bitterly away from war.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l723.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τώ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"τάχα","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπερωήσειας","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"στυγερῶς","lemma":"στυγερός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπερωήσειας","gloss":"bitterly"},{"surface":"πολέμου","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπερωήσειας","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"ἀπερωήσειας","lemma":"ἀπερωέω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shrink away"}]},{"number":724,"label":"724","id":"b16-l724","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε Πατρόκλῳ ἔφεπε κρατερώνυχας ἵππους,","translation":"But come, drive your strong-hoofed horses after Patroclus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l724.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"Πατρόκλῳ","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔφεπε","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"ἔφεπε","lemma":"ἐφέπω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drive after"},{"surface":"κρατερώνυχας","lemma":"κρατερῶνυξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"strong-hoofed"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔφεπε","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":725,"label":"725","id":"b16-l725","source":"αἴ κέν πώς μιν ἕλῃς, δώῃ δέ τοι εὖχος Ἀπόλλων.","translation":"in hope you may kill him and Apollo grant you glory.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l725.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"πώς","lemma":"πως","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἕλῃς","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἕλῃς","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἕλῃς","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"kill"},{"surface":"δώῃ","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"grant"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δώῃ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"εὖχος","lemma":"εὖχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δώῃ","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δώῃ","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":726,"label":"726","id":"b16-l726","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν ὃ μὲν αὖτις ἔβη θεὸς ἂμ πόνον ἀνδρῶν,","translation":"So he spoke, and the god went back again amid the toil of men.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l726.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θεὸς ἂμ πόνον ἀνδρῶν","title":"The god returns to the fighting","body":"πόνος is the toil and suffering of battle, here the human struggle into which Apollo goes back. The whole line repeats the accepted wording of Iliad 13.239."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔβη","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔβη","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἔβη","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"ἂμ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"amid"},{"surface":"πόνον","lemma":"πόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἂμ","gloss":"toil"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies πόνον","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":727,"label":"727","id":"b16-l727","source":"Κεβριόνῃ δʼ ἐκέλευσε δαΐφρονι φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ","translation":"Then glorious Hector ordered battle-wise Cebriones","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l727.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Κεβριόνῃ","lemma":"Κεβριόνης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκέλευσε","gloss":"Cebriones"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκέλευσε","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ordered"},{"surface":"δαΐφρονι","lemma":"δαίφρων","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Κεβριόνῃ","gloss":"battle-wise"},{"surface":"φαίδιμος","lemma":"φαίδιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐκέλευσε","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":728,"label":"728","id":"b16-l728","source":"ἵππους ἐς πόλεμον πεπληγέμεν. αὐτὰρ Ἀπόλλων","translation":"to lash the horses into battle. But Apollo","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l728.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of πεπληγέμεν","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πόλεμον","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"πεπληγέμεν","lemma":"πλήσσω","morphology":"perfect active infinitive","role":"object of ἐκέλευσε","gloss":"lash"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δύσεθ̓","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":729,"label":"729","id":"b16-l729","source":"δύσεθʼ ὅμιλον ἰών, ἐν δὲ κλόνον Ἀργείοισιν","translation":"went and plunged into the throng, and cast panic among the Argives—","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l729.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δύσεθ","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"plunged"},{"surface":"ὅμιλον","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δύσεθ̓","gloss":"the throng"},{"surface":"ἰών","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δύσεθ̓","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κλόνον","lemma":"κλόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἧκε","gloss":"panic"},{"surface":"Ἀργείοισιν","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"the Argives"}]},{"number":730,"label":"730","id":"b16-l730","source":"ἧκε κακόν, Τρωσὶν δὲ καὶ Ἕκτορι κῦδος ὄπαζεν.","translation":"evil panic—while he gave glory to the Trojans and Hector.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l730.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἧκε","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent"},{"surface":"κακόν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κλόνον","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"Τρωσὶν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορι","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"κῦδος","lemma":"κῦδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὄπαζεν","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ὄπαζεν","lemma":"ὀπάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"}]},{"number":731,"label":"731","id":"b16-l731","source":"Ἕκτωρ δʼ ἄλλους μὲν Δαναοὺς ἔα οὐδʼ ἐνάριζεν·","translation":"Hector let the other Danaans be and slew none of them,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l731.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλους","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Δαναοὺς","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Δαναοὺς","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔα","gloss":"Danaans"},{"surface":"ἔα","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"ἐνάριζεν","lemma":"ἐναρίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"killed"}]},{"number":732,"label":"732","id":"b16-l732","source":"αὐτὰρ ὃ Πατρόκλῳ ἔφεπε κρατερώνυχας ἵππους.","translation":"but drove his strong-hoofed horses after Patroclus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l732.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔφεπε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"Πατρόκλῳ","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔφεπε","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"ἔφεπε","lemma":"ἐφέπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove"},{"surface":"κρατερώνυχας","lemma":"κρατερῶνυξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"strong-hoofed"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔφεπε","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":733,"label":"733","id":"b16-l733","source":"Πάτροκλος δʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἀφʼ ἵππων ἆλτο χαμᾶζε","translation":"From the other side Patroclus leapt from his horses to the ground,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l733.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πάτροκλος","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἆλτο","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑτέρωθεν","lemma":"ἑτέρωθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἆλτο","gloss":"on the other side"},{"surface":"ἀφ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀφ̓","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"ἆλτο","lemma":"ἅλλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"leapt"},{"surface":"χαμᾶζε","lemma":"χαμᾶζε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἆλτο","gloss":"to the ground"}]},{"number":734,"label":"734","id":"b16-l734","source":"σκαιῇ ἔγχος ἔχων· ἑτέρηφι δὲ λάζετο πέτρον","translation":"holding his spear in his left hand; with the other he grasped a stone,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l734.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σκαιῇ","lemma":"σκαιός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔχων","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχων","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἆλτο","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"ἑτέρηφι","lemma":"ἕτερος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to λάζετο","gloss":"other hand"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λάζετο","lemma":"λάζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took up"},{"surface":"πέτρον","lemma":"πέτρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λάζετο","gloss":"rock"}]},{"number":735,"label":"735","id":"b16-l735","source":"μάρμαρον ὀκριόεντα τόν οἱ περὶ χεὶρ ἐκάλυψεν,","translation":"a jagged, gleaming stone that his hand closed round.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l735.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μάρμαρον ὀκριόεντα","title":"A jagged, gleaming stone","body":"μάρμαρος marks the stone's flashing surface, while ὀκριόεις makes it sharp or jagged. Patroclus chooses a stone that his hand can close around rather than his spear for the cast."}],"words":[{"surface":"μάρμαρον","lemma":"μάρμαρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πέτρον","gloss":"gleaming"},{"surface":"ὀκριόεντα","lemma":"ὀκριόεις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πέτρον","gloss":"jagged"},{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐκάλυψεν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies χεὶρ","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"χεὶρ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐκάλυψεν","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"ἐκάλυψεν","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing πέτρον","gloss":"closed"}]},{"number":736,"label":"736","id":"b16-l736","source":"ἧκε δʼ ἐρεισάμενος, οὐδὲ δὴν χάζετο φωτός,","translation":"Bracing himself, he hurled it and did not long shrink from his man;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l736.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἧκε","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐρεισάμενος","lemma":"ἐρείδω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἧκε","gloss":"bracing himself"},{"surface":"δὴν","lemma":"δήν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to χάζετο","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"χάζετο","lemma":"χάζω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shrank"},{"surface":"φωτός","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of χάζετο","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":737,"label":"737","id":"b16-l737","source":"οὐδʼ ἁλίωσε βέλος, βάλε δʼ Ἕκτορος ἡνιοχῆα","translation":"his cast did not fly in vain, but struck Hector's charioteer,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l737.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἁλίωσε","lemma":"ἁλιόω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made vain"},{"surface":"βέλος","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἁλίωσε","gloss":"shaft"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορος","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἡνιοχῆα","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"ἡνιοχῆα","lemma":"ἡνιοχεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"charioteer"}]},{"number":738,"label":"738","id":"b16-l738","source":"Κεβριόνην νόθον υἱὸν ἀγακλῆος Πριάμοιο","translation":"Cebriones, the bastard son of glorious Priam,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l738.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Κεβριόνην","lemma":"Κεβριόνης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Cebriones"},{"surface":"νόθον","lemma":"νόθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"bastard"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἀγακλῆος","lemma":"ἀγακλεής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πριάμοιο","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"Πριάμοιο","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"of Priam"}]},{"number":739,"label":"739","id":"b16-l739","source":"ἵππων ἡνίʼ ἔχοντα μετώπιον ὀξέϊ λᾶϊ.","translation":"as he held the horses' reins, on the forehead with the sharp stone.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l739.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἡνί̓","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"ἡνί","lemma":"ἡνία","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχοντα","gloss":"reins"},{"surface":"ἔχοντα","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"μετώπιον","lemma":"μετώπιον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to βάλε","gloss":"forehead"},{"surface":"ὀξέϊ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λᾶϊ","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"λᾶϊ","lemma":"λᾶας","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to βάλε","gloss":"stone"}]},{"number":740,"label":"740","id":"b16-l740","source":"ἀμφοτέρας δʼ ὀφρῦς σύνελεν λίθος, οὐδέ οἱ ἔσχεν","translation":"The stone crushed both his brows together, nor did his","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l740.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀμφοτέρας δʼ ὀφρῦς σύνελεν λίθος","title":"The stone crushes both brows","body":"The stone is the grammatical agent: it drives Cebriones' two brows together before the following line describes his eyes falling into the dust. Homer keeps the injury's sequence brutally exact."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφοτέρας","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὀφρῦς","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀφρῦς","lemma":"ὀφρύς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of σύνελεν","gloss":"brows"},{"surface":"σύνελεν","lemma":"συναιρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"crushed together"},{"surface":"λίθος","lemma":"λίθος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of σύνελεν","gloss":"stone"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὀστέον","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἔσχεν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"withstood"}]},{"number":741,"label":"741","id":"b16-l741","source":"ὀστέον, ὀφθαλμοὶ δὲ χαμαὶ πέσον ἐν κονίῃσιν","translation":"bone withstand it; his eyes fell to the ground in the dust","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l741.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀστέον","lemma":"ὀστέον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔσχεν","gloss":"bone"},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμοὶ","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of πέσον","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χαμαὶ","lemma":"χαμαί","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of πέσον","gloss":"to the ground"},{"surface":"πέσον","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κονίῃσιν","lemma":"κονία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"the dust"}]},{"number":742,"label":"742","id":"b16-l742","source":"αὐτοῦ πρόσθε ποδῶν· ὃ δʼ ἄρʼ ἀρνευτῆρι ἐοικὼς","translation":"there before his feet; and like a diver","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l742.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies κονίῃσιν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"πρόσθε","lemma":"πρόσθεν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ποδῶν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies πρόσθε","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κάππεσ̓","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀρνευτῆρι","lemma":"ἀρνευτήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐοικὼς","gloss":"diver"},{"surface":"ἐοικὼς","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κάππεσ̓","gloss":"like"}]},{"number":743,"label":"743","id":"b16-l743","source":"κάππεσʼ ἀπʼ εὐεργέος δίφρου, λίπε δʼ ὀστέα θυμός.","translation":"he fell from the well-made chariot, and his spirit left his bones.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l743.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κάππεσ","lemma":"καταπίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"εὐεργέος","lemma":"εὐεργής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δίφρου","gloss":"well-made"},{"surface":"δίφρου","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπ̓","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"λίπε","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀστέα","lemma":"ὀστέον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of λίπε","gloss":"bones"},{"surface":"θυμός","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of λίπε","gloss":"spirit"}]},{"number":744,"label":"744","id":"b16-l744","source":"τὸν δʼ ἐπικερτομέων προσέφης Πατρόκλεες ἱππεῦ·","translation":"Then you taunted him and spoke, horseman Patroclus:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l744.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφης","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπικερτομέων","lemma":"ἐπικερτομέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφης","gloss":"taunting"},{"surface":"προσέφης","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"Πατρόκλεες","lemma":"πάτροκλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"ἱππεῦ","lemma":"ἱππεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πατρόκλεες","gloss":"horseman"}]},{"number":745,"label":"745","id":"b16-l745","source":"ὢ πόποι ἦ μάλʼ ἐλαφρὸς ἀνήρ, ὡς ῥεῖα κυβιστᾷ.","translation":"\"Look there! What a nimble man, how easily he dives!","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l745.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὢ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"πόποι","lemma":"πόποι","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"look there"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ἐλαφρὸς","lemma":"ἐλαφρός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"nimble"},{"surface":"ἀνήρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"ῥεῖα","lemma":"ῥεῖα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κυβιστᾷ","gloss":"easily"},{"surface":"κυβιστᾷ","lemma":"κυβιστάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"dives"}]},{"number":746,"label":"746","id":"b16-l746","source":"εἰ δή που καὶ πόντῳ ἐν ἰχθυόεντι γένοιτο,","translation":"If he were somewhere upon the fish-filled sea,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l746.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"πόντῳ","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἰχθυόεντι","lemma":"ἰχθυόεις","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόντῳ","gloss":"fish-filled"},{"surface":"γένοιτο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"were"}]},{"number":747,"label":"747","id":"b16-l747","source":"πολλοὺς ἂν κορέσειεν ἀνὴρ ὅδε τήθεα διφῶν","translation":"this man could satisfy many by searching out oysters,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l747.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλοὺς","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of κορέσειεν","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"κορέσειεν","lemma":"κορέννυμι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"satisfy"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κορέσειεν","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ὅδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"τήθεα","lemma":"τῆθος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of διφῶν","gloss":"oysters"},{"surface":"διφῶν","lemma":"διφάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κορέσειεν","gloss":"searching out"}]},{"number":748,"label":"748","id":"b16-l748","source":"νηὸς ἀποθρῴσκων, εἰ καὶ δυσπέμφελος εἴη,","translation":"leaping from a ship even if the sea were stormy,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l748.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀποθρῴσκων","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"ἀποθρῴσκων","lemma":"ἀποθρῴσκω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κορέσειεν","gloss":"leaping"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"δυσπέμφελος","lemma":"δυσπέμφελος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"stormy"},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"might be"}]},{"number":749,"label":"749","id":"b16-l749","source":"ὡς νῦν ἐν πεδίῳ ἐξ ἵππων ῥεῖα κυβιστᾷ.","translation":"so easily does he dive now from his horses on the plain.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l749.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κυβιστᾷ","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πεδίῳ","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"plain"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"ῥεῖα","lemma":"ῥεῖα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κυβιστᾷ","gloss":"easily"},{"surface":"κυβιστᾷ","lemma":"κυβιστάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"dives"}]},{"number":750,"label":"750","id":"b16-l750","source":"ἦ ῥα καὶ ἐν Τρώεσσι κυβιστητῆρες ἔασιν.","translation":"So then there are divers even among the Trojans!\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l750.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"κυβιστητῆρες","lemma":"κυβιστητήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔασιν","gloss":"divers"},{"surface":"ἔασιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"}]},{"number":751,"label":"751","id":"b16-l751","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν ἐπὶ Κεβριόνῃ ἥρωϊ βεβήκει","translation":"So speaking, he advanced upon the hero Cebriones","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l751.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βεβήκει","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"Κεβριόνῃ","lemma":"Κεβριόνης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"Cebriones"},{"surface":"ἥρωϊ","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Κεβριόνῃ","gloss":"the hero"},{"surface":"βεβήκει","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"advanced"}]},{"number":752,"label":"752","id":"b16-l752","source":"οἶμα λέοντος ἔχων, ὅς τε σταθμοὺς κεραΐζων","translation":"with a lion's rush, when the lion ravages the folds","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l752.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἶμα","lemma":"οἶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχων","gloss":"rush"},{"surface":"λέοντος","lemma":"λέων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies οἶμα","gloss":"lion"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βεβήκει","gloss":"with a rush"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τέ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σταθμοὺς","lemma":"σταθμός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κεραΐζων","gloss":"pens"},{"surface":"κεραΐζων","lemma":"κεραίζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔβλητο","gloss":"ravages"}]},{"number":753,"label":"753","id":"b16-l753","source":"ἔβλητο πρὸς στῆθος, ἑή τέ μιν ὤλεσεν ἀλκή·","translation":"and is struck in the chest, and its own courage destroys it;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l753.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔβλητο","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τέ","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στῆθος","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to πρὸς","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"ἑή","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλκή","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὤλεσεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ὤλεσεν","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τέ","gloss":"destroys"},{"surface":"ἀλκή","lemma":"ἀλκή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ὤλεσεν","gloss":"courage"}]},{"number":754,"label":"754","id":"b16-l754","source":"ὣς ἐπὶ Κεβριόνῃ Πατρόκλεες ἆλσο μεμαώς.","translation":"so eagerly, Patroclus, you sprang upon Cebriones.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l754.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἆλσο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"Κεβριόνῃ","lemma":"Κεβριόνης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"Cebriones"},{"surface":"Πατρόκλεες","lemma":"Πατροκλῆς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"ἆλσο","lemma":"ἅλλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sprang"},{"surface":"μεμαώς","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἆλσο","gloss":"eagerly"}]},{"number":755,"label":"755","id":"b16-l755","source":"Ἕκτωρ δʼ αὖθʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἀφʼ ἵππων ἆλτο χαμᾶζε.","translation":"Hector in turn leapt from his horses to the ground on the other side.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l755.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἆλτο","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖθ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἆλτο","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"ἑτέρωθεν","lemma":"ἑτέρωθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἆλτο","gloss":"on the other side"},{"surface":"ἀφ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀφ̓","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"ἆλτο","lemma":"ἅλλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"leapt"},{"surface":"χαμᾶζε","lemma":"χαμᾶζε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἆλτο","gloss":"to the ground"}]},{"number":756,"label":"756","id":"b16-l756","source":"τὼ περὶ Κεβριόναο λέονθʼ ὣς δηρινθήτην,","translation":"The two fought over Cebriones like lions","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l756.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τὼ περὶ Κεβριόναο λέονθʼ ὣς δηρινθήτην","title":"Two warriors in the dual","body":"The dual forms τώ and δηρινθήτην isolate Hector and Patroclus as a matched pair. Homer holds the two champions together grammatically before widening the struggle to both armies."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δηρινθήτην","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"Κεβριόναο","lemma":"Κεβριόνης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"Cebriones"},{"surface":"λέονθ","lemma":"λέων","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"lions"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"δηρινθήτην","lemma":"δηριάομαι","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fought"}]},{"number":757,"label":"757","id":"b16-l757","source":"ὥ τʼ ὄρεος κορυφῇσι περὶ κταμένης ἐλάφοιο","translation":"that on a mountain's peaks, over a slain deer,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l757.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μάχεσθον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄρεος","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies κορυφῇσι","gloss":"mountain"},{"surface":"κορυφῇσι","lemma":"κορυφή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to μάχεσθον","gloss":"peaks"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"κταμένης","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, genitive singular feminine","role":"modifies ἐλάφοιο","gloss":"slain"},{"surface":"ἐλάφοιο","lemma":"ἔλαφος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"deer"}]},{"number":758,"label":"758","id":"b16-l758","source":"ἄμφω πεινάοντε μέγα φρονέοντε μάχεσθον·","translation":"both hungry, both high-hearted, fight together;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l758.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄμφω","lemma":"ἄμφω","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"πεινάοντε","lemma":"πεινάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to μάχεσθον","gloss":"being hungry"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to φρονέοντε","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"φρονέοντε","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to μάχεσθον","gloss":"hearted"},{"surface":"μάχεσθον","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"verb of a clause describing λέονθ̓","gloss":"fight"}]},{"number":759,"label":"759","id":"b16-l759","source":"ὣς περὶ Κεβριόναο δύω μήστωρες ἀϋτῆς","translation":"so over Cebriones the two masters of the war-cry,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l759.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵεντ̓","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"Κεβριόναο","lemma":"Κεβριόνης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"Cebriones"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies μήστωρες","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"μήστωρες","lemma":"μήστωρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"masters"},{"surface":"ἀϋτῆς","lemma":"ἀυτή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies μήστωρες","gloss":"of the war-cry"}]},{"number":760,"label":"760","id":"b16-l760","source":"Πάτροκλός τε Μενοιτιάδης καὶ φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ","translation":"Patroclus, son of Menoetius, and glorious Hector,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l760.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πάτροκλός","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μενοιτιάδης","lemma":"Μενοιτιάδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πάτροκλός","gloss":"Menoetius's son"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φαίδιμος","lemma":"φαίδιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":761,"label":"761","id":"b16-l761","source":"ἵεντʼ ἀλλήλων ταμέειν χρόα νηλέϊ χαλκῷ.","translation":"kept longing to carve each other's flesh with pitiless bronze.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l761.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵεντ","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kept longing"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλων","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies χρόα","gloss":"each other's"},{"surface":"ταμέειν","lemma":"τέμνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἵεντ̓","gloss":"to cut"},{"surface":"χρόα","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ταμέειν","gloss":"flesh"},{"surface":"νηλέϊ","lemma":"νηλής","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκῷ","gloss":"pitiless"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ταμέειν","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":762,"label":"762","id":"b16-l762","source":"Ἕκτωρ μὲν κεφαλῆφιν ἐπεὶ λάβεν οὐχὶ μεθίει·","translation":"Hector seized him by the head and would not let go;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l762.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μεθίει","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κεφαλῆφιν","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to λάβεν","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"λάβεν","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"seized"},{"surface":"οὐχὶ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μεθίει","lemma":"μεθίημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let go"}]},{"number":763,"label":"763","id":"b16-l763","source":"Πάτροκλος δʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἔχεν ποδός· οἳ δὲ δὴ ἄλλοι","translation":"Patroclus held him by the foot from the other side; and now the rest,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l763.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πάτροκλος","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔχεν","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑτέρωθεν","lemma":"ἑτέρωθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχεν","gloss":"on the other side"},{"surface":"ἔχεν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"ποδός","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔχεν","gloss":"foot"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἄλλοι","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"rest"}]},{"number":764,"label":"764","id":"b16-l764","source":"Τρῶες καὶ Δαναοὶ σύναγον κρατερὴν ὑσμίνην.","translation":"Trojans and Danaans joined in bitter battle.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l764.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Δαναοὶ","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Danaans"},{"surface":"σύναγον","lemma":"συνάγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"joined"},{"surface":"κρατερὴν","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὑσμίνην","gloss":"bitter"},{"surface":"ὑσμίνην","lemma":"ὑσμίνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of σύναγον","gloss":"battle"}]},{"number":765,"label":"765","id":"b16-l765","source":"ὡς δʼ Εὖρός τε Νότος τʼ ἐριδαίνετον ἀλλήλοιιν","translation":"As the East Wind and the South Wind contend with one another","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l765.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐριδαίνετον","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Εὖρός","lemma":"Εὖρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τ̓","gloss":"the East Wind"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Νότος","lemma":"Νότος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τ̓","gloss":"the South Wind"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐριδαίνετον","lemma":"ἐριδαίνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"adverbial to ὣς","gloss":"contend"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλοιιν","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"dative dual masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐριδαίνετον","gloss":"one another"}]},{"number":766,"label":"766","id":"b16-l766","source":"οὔρεος ἐν βήσσῃς βαθέην πελεμιζέμεν ὕλην","translation":"to shake the deep forest in the valleys of a mountain,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l766.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔρεος","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies βήσσῃς","gloss":"of a mountain"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"βήσσῃς","lemma":"βῆσσα","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"glens"},{"surface":"βαθέην","lemma":"βαθύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὕλην","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"πελεμιζέμεν","lemma":"πελεμίζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἐριδαίνετον","gloss":"to shake"},{"surface":"ὕλην","lemma":"ὕλη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"forest"}]},{"number":767,"label":"767","id":"b16-l767","source":"φηγόν τε μελίην τε τανύφλοιόν τε κράνειαν,","translation":"beech and ash and smooth-barked cornel,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l767.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φηγόν","lemma":"φηγός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"beech"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μελίην","lemma":"μελία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"ash"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τανύφλοιόν","lemma":"τανύφλοιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κράνειαν","gloss":"smooth-barked"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κράνειαν","lemma":"κράνεια","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"cornel"}]},{"number":768,"label":"768","id":"b16-l768","source":"αἵ τε πρὸς ἀλλήλας ἔβαλον τανυήκεας ὄζους","translation":"which strike their long-reaching branches against one another","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l768.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔβαλον","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλας","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"ἔβαλον","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δέ","gloss":"strike"},{"surface":"τανυήκεας","lemma":"τανυήκης","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄζους","gloss":"long-reaching"},{"surface":"ὄζους","lemma":"ὄζος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔβαλον","gloss":"branches"}]},{"number":769,"label":"769","id":"b16-l769","source":"ἠχῇ θεσπεσίῃ, πάταγος δέ τε ἀγνυμενάων,","translation":"with a wondrous roar, and the crash of breaking wood,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l769.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠχῇ","lemma":"ἠχή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔβαλον","gloss":"with a roar"},{"surface":"θεσπεσίῃ","lemma":"θεσπέσιος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἠχῇ","gloss":"wondrous"},{"surface":"πάταγος","lemma":"πάταγος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"clatter"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγνυμενάων","lemma":"ἄγνυμι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive plural feminine","role":"modifies πάταγος","gloss":"breaking"}]},{"number":770,"label":"770","id":"b16-l770","source":"ὣς Τρῶες καὶ Ἀχαιοὶ ἐπʼ ἀλλήλοισι θορόντες","translation":"so Trojans and Achaeans, leaping upon one another,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l770.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δῄουν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Achaeans"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλοισι","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπ̓","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"θορόντες","lemma":"θρῴσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to δῄουν","gloss":"leaping"}]},{"number":771,"label":"771","id":"b16-l771","source":"δῄουν, οὐδʼ ἕτεροι μνώοντʼ ὀλοοῖο φόβοιο.","translation":"slew; neither side thought of ruinous flight.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l771.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῄουν","lemma":"δηιόω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slew"},{"surface":"ἕτεροι","lemma":"ἕτερος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of μνώοντ̓","gloss":"either side"},{"surface":"μνώοντ","lemma":"μνάομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"thought of"},{"surface":"ὀλοοῖο","lemma":"ὀλοός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies φόβοιο","gloss":"ruinous"},{"surface":"φόβοιο","lemma":"φόβος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of μνώοντ̓","gloss":"of rout"}]},{"number":772,"label":"772","id":"b16-l772","source":"πολλὰ δὲ Κεβριόνην ἀμφʼ ὀξέα δοῦρα πεπήγει","translation":"Many sharp spears stood fixed around Cebriones,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l772.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δοῦρα","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Κεβριόνην","lemma":"Κεβριόνης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφ̓","gloss":"Cebriones"},{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"ὀξέα","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δοῦρα","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"δοῦρα","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"spears"},{"surface":"πεπήγει","lemma":"πήγνυμι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood fixed"}]},{"number":773,"label":"773","id":"b16-l773","source":"ἰοί τε πτερόεντες ἀπὸ νευρῆφι θορόντες,","translation":"and feathered arrows that had leapt from the bowstring;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l773.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἰοί","lemma":"ἰός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"arrows"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πτερόεντες","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἰοί","gloss":"winged"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"νευρῆφι","lemma":"νευρά","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"bowstring"},{"surface":"θορόντες","lemma":"θρῴσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifies ἰοί","gloss":"leaping"}]},{"number":774,"label":"774","id":"b16-l774","source":"πολλὰ δὲ χερμάδια μεγάλʼ ἀσπίδας ἐστυφέλιξαν","translation":"and many great stones battered shields","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l774.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies χερμάδια","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χερμάδια","lemma":"χερμάδιον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐστυφέλιξαν","gloss":"stones"},{"surface":"μεγάλ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies χερμάδια","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ἀσπίδας","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐστυφέλιξαν","gloss":"shields"},{"surface":"ἐστυφέλιξαν","lemma":"στυφελίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"battered back"}]},{"number":775,"label":"775","id":"b16-l775","source":"μαρναμένων ἀμφʼ αὐτόν· ὃ δʼ ἐν στροφάλιγγι κονίης","translation":"as they fought around him; but in the whirling dust","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l775.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μαρναμένων","lemma":"μάρναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐστυφέλιξαν","gloss":"fighting"},{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"αὐτόν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀμφ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κεῖτο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στροφάλιγγι","lemma":"στροφάλιγξ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"whirling dust"},{"surface":"κονίης","lemma":"κονία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies στροφάλιγγι","gloss":"the dust"}]},{"number":776,"label":"776","id":"b16-l776","source":"κεῖτο μέγας μεγαλωστί, λελασμένος ἱπποσυνάων.","translation":"he lay huge in all his hugeness, his horsemanship forgotten.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l776.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μέγας μεγαλωστί","title":"Huge in all his hugeness","body":"The adverb μεγαλωστί intensifies μέγας with a deliberate echo: Cebriones lies there great in sheer bulk. The grandeur is emptied of action, since death has made him forget the chariot skill that defined him."}],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖτο","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"μέγας","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"μεγαλωστί","lemma":"μεγαλωστί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μέγας","gloss":"in all his hugeness"},{"surface":"λελασμένος","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κεῖτο","gloss":"forgotten"},{"surface":"ἱπποσυνάων","lemma":"ἱπποσύνη","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of λελασμένος","gloss":"horsemanship"}]},{"number":777,"label":"777","id":"b16-l777","source":"ὄφρα μὲν Ἠέλιος μέσον οὐρανὸν ἀμφιβεβήκει,","translation":"As long as the Sun bestrode mid-heaven,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l777.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"as long as"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ἠέλιος","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀμφιβεβήκει","gloss":"the sun"},{"surface":"μέσον","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οὐρανὸν","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"οὐρανὸν","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφιβεβήκει","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"ἀμφιβεβήκει","lemma":"ἀμφιβαίνω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"bestrode"}]},{"number":778,"label":"778","id":"b16-l778","source":"τόφρα μάλʼ ἀμφοτέρων βέλεʼ ἥπτετο, πῖπτε δὲ λαός·","translation":"the weapons struck both sides, and the people fell.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l778.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόφρα","lemma":"τόφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"so long"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ἀμφοτέρων","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἥπτετο","gloss":"both sides"},{"surface":"βέλε","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἥπτετο","gloss":"weapons"},{"surface":"ἥπτετο","lemma":"ἅπτω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"πῖπτε","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λαός","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πῖπτε","gloss":"the people"}]},{"number":779,"label":"779","id":"b16-l779","source":"ἦμος δʼ Ἠέλιος μετενίσετο βουλυτὸν δέ,","translation":"But when the Sun moved on toward ox-loosing time,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l779.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"βουλυτὸν","title":"Ox-loosing time","body":"Βουλυτός is the late-afternoon time when farmers unyoke their oxen. The concrete rural marker makes the battle's long duration immediately legible."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἦμος","lemma":"ἦμος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μετενίσετο","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἠέλιος","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μετενίσετο","gloss":"the sun"},{"surface":"μετενίσετο","lemma":"μετανίσσομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τότε","gloss":"moved on"},{"surface":"βουλυτὸν","lemma":"βουλυτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μετενίσετο","gloss":"ox-loosing time"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":780,"label":"780","id":"b16-l780","source":"καὶ τότε δή ῥʼ ὑπὲρ αἶσαν Ἀχαιοὶ φέρτεροι ἦσαν.","translation":"then at last the Achaeans proved stronger beyond their lot.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l780.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὑπὲρ αἶσαν","title":"Beyond their lot","body":"The phrase means beyond the allotted measure. The Achaeans' temporary superiority exceeds what the ordinary course of battle would grant them."}],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦσαν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὑπὲρ","lemma":"ὑπέρ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beyond"},{"surface":"αἶσαν","lemma":"αἶσα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὲρ","gloss":"lot"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἦσαν","gloss":"Achaeans"},{"surface":"φέρτεροι","lemma":"φέρτερος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"stronger"},{"surface":"ἦσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were"}]},{"number":781,"label":"781","id":"b16-l781","source":"ἐκ μὲν Κεβριόνην βελέων ἥρωα ἔρυσσαν","translation":"They dragged the hero Cebriones clear of the missiles,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l781.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Κεβριόνην","lemma":"Κεβριόνης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔρυσσαν","gloss":"Cebriones"},{"surface":"βελέων","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"missiles"},{"surface":"ἥρωα","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Κεβριόνην","gloss":"hero"},{"surface":"ἔρυσσαν","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dragged"}]},{"number":782,"label":"782","id":"b16-l782","source":"Τρώων ἐξ ἐνοπῆς, καὶ ἀπʼ ὤμων τεύχεʼ ἕλοντο,","translation":"out of the Trojan battle-din, and stripped the armor from his shoulders,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l782.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies ἐνοπῆς","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἐνοπῆς","lemma":"ἐνοπή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"din"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὤμων","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπ̓","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"τεύχε","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἕλοντο","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἕλοντο","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stripped"}]},{"number":783,"label":"783","id":"b16-l783","source":"Πάτροκλος δὲ Τρωσὶ κακὰ φρονέων ἐνόρουσε.","translation":"and Patroclus sprang upon the Trojans, bent on harm.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l783.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πάτροκλος","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐνόρουσε","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τρωσὶ","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνόρουσε","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to φρονέων","gloss":"evils"},{"surface":"φρονέων","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐνόρουσε","gloss":"intending"},{"surface":"ἐνόρουσε","lemma":"ἐνορούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"leapt in"}]},{"number":784,"label":"784","id":"b16-l784","source":"τρὶς μὲν ἔπειτʼ ἐπόρουσε θοῷ ἀτάλαντος Ἄρηϊ","translation":"Three times then he charged, the equal of swift Ares,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l784.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τρὶς","lemma":"τρίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπόρουσε","gloss":"three times"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπόρουσε","lemma":"ἐπορούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"charged"},{"surface":"θοῷ","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρηϊ","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἀτάλαντος","lemma":"ἀτάλαντος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"the equal"},{"surface":"Ἄρηϊ","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀτάλαντος","gloss":"Ares"}]},{"number":785,"label":"785","id":"b16-l785","source":"σμερδαλέα ἰάχων, τρὶς δʼ ἐννέα φῶτας ἔπεφνεν.","translation":"shouting terribly, and three times he slew nine men.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l785.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σμερδαλέα","lemma":"σμερδαλέος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἰάχων","gloss":"terribly"},{"surface":"ἰάχων","lemma":"ἰάχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπόρουσε","gloss":"shouting"},{"surface":"τρὶς","lemma":"τρίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔπεφνεν","gloss":"three times"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐννέα","lemma":"ἐννέα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies φῶτας","gloss":"nine"},{"surface":"φῶτας","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔπεφνεν","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἔπεφνεν","lemma":"θείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slew"}]},{"number":786,"label":"786","id":"b16-l786","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ τὸ τέταρτον ἐπέσσυτο δαίμονι ἶσος,","translation":"But when he charged a fourth time, equal to a god,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l786.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter article","role":"modifies τέταρτον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"τέταρτον","lemma":"τέταρτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπέσσυτο","gloss":"fourth"},{"surface":"ἐπέσσυτο","lemma":"ἐπισεύω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"charged"},{"surface":"δαίμονι","lemma":"δαίμων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἶσος","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"ἶσος","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"equal"}]},{"number":787,"label":"787","id":"b16-l787","source":"ἔνθʼ ἄρα τοι Πάτροκλε φάνη βιότοιο τελευτή·","translation":"then, Patroclus, the end of your life appeared to you;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l787.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"βιότοιο τελευτή","title":"The end of life","body":"The phrase names life's endpoint directly. The narrator's sudden address to Patroclus turns the fatal moment into a personal farewell."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάνη","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of φάνη","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"Πάτροκλε","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"φάνη","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"appeared"},{"surface":"βιότοιο","lemma":"βίοτος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τελευτή","gloss":"of life"},{"surface":"τελευτή","lemma":"τελευτή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of φάνη","gloss":"end of life"}]},{"number":788,"label":"788","id":"b16-l788","source":"ἤντετο γάρ τοι Φοῖβος ἐνὶ κρατερῇ ὑσμίνῃ","translation":"for Phoebus met you in the fury of battle,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l788.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤντετο","lemma":"ἄντομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"met you"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἤντετο","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"Φοῖβος","lemma":"Φοῖβος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤντετο","gloss":"Phoebus"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κρατερῇ","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὑσμίνῃ","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ὑσμίνῃ","lemma":"ὑσμίνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"battle"}]},{"number":789,"label":"789","id":"b16-l789","source":"δεινός· ὃ μὲν τὸν ἰόντα κατὰ κλόνον οὐκ ἐνόησεν,","translation":"terrible; Patroclus did not see him advancing through the tumult,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l789.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεινός","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Φοῖβος","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐνόησεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐνόησεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἰόντα","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"advancing"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κλόνον","lemma":"κλόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"tumult"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐνόησεν","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"saw"}]},{"number":790,"label":"790","id":"b16-l790","source":"ἠέρι γὰρ πολλῇ κεκαλυμμένος ἀντεβόλησε·","translation":"for shrouded in thick mist he came against him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l790.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἠέρι γὰρ πολλῇ κεκαλυμμένος","title":"Hidden in thick mist","body":"Apollo approaches concealed in a dense divine mist. Patroclus cannot see the god whose unseen intervention begins the ordered chain of his death."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἠέρι","lemma":"ἀήρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κεκαλυμμένος","gloss":"in mist"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πολλῇ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἠέρι","gloss":"thick"},{"surface":"κεκαλυμμένος","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀντεβόλησε","gloss":"covered"},{"surface":"ἀντεβόλησε","lemma":"ἀντιβολέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to γὰρ","gloss":"came against him"}]},{"number":791,"label":"791","id":"b16-l791","source":"στῆ δʼ ὄπιθεν, πλῆξεν δὲ μετάφρενον εὐρέε τʼ ὤμω","translation":"He stood behind him and struck his back and broad shoulders","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l791.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄπιθεν","lemma":"ὄπισθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to στῆ","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"πλῆξεν","lemma":"πλήσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μετάφρενον","lemma":"μετάφρενον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"εὐρέε","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative dual masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὤμω","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὤμω","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"accusative dual masculine noun","role":"object of τ̓","gloss":"shoulders"}]},{"number":792,"label":"792","id":"b16-l792","source":"χειρὶ καταπρηνεῖ, στρεφεδίνηθεν δέ οἱ ὄσσε.","translation":"with the flat of his hand, and Patroclus' eyes spun.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l792.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"στρεφεδίνηθεν δέ οἱ ὄσσε","title":"His eyes spun","body":"The verb describes a whirling dizziness in Patroclus' eyes. Apollo's blow stuns and disorients him before any mortal spear reaches him."}],"words":[{"surface":"χειρὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to πλῆξεν","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"καταπρηνεῖ","lemma":"καταπρηνής","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χειρὶ","gloss":"flat of his hand"},{"surface":"στρεφεδίνηθεν","lemma":"στρεφεδινέω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spun"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὄσσε","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ὄσσε","lemma":"ὄσσα","morphology":"nominative dual neuter noun","role":"subject of στρεφεδίνηθεν","gloss":"eyes"}]},{"number":793,"label":"793","id":"b16-l793","source":"τοῦ δʼ ἀπὸ μὲν κρατὸς κυνέην βάλε Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων·","translation":"Phoebus Apollo knocked the helmet from his head;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l793.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies κρατὸς","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κρατὸς","lemma":"κράς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"his head"},{"surface":"κυνέην","lemma":"κυνέη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"helmet"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"knocked"},{"surface":"Φοῖβος","lemma":"Φοῖβος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"Phoebus"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βάλε","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":794,"label":"794","id":"b16-l794","source":"ἣ δὲ κυλινδομένη καναχὴν ἔχε ποσσὶν ὑφʼ ἵππων","translation":"and rolling, it rang beneath the horses' feet,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l794.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies τρυφάλεια","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κυλινδομένη","lemma":"κυλίνδω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἔχε","gloss":"rolling"},{"surface":"καναχὴν","lemma":"καναχή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχε","gloss":"a ringing sound"},{"surface":"ἔχε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"ποσσὶν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑφ̓","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"ὑφ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ποσσὶν","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":795,"label":"795","id":"b16-l795","source":"αὐλῶπις τρυφάλεια, μιάνθησαν δὲ ἔθειραι","translation":"the socket-eyed helmet, and its horsehair plumes were stained","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l795.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐλῶπις","lemma":"αὐλῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies τρυφάλεια","gloss":"socket-eyed"},{"surface":"τρυφάλεια","lemma":"τρυφάλεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔχε","gloss":"helmet"},{"surface":"μιάνθησαν","lemma":"μιαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were stained"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔθειραι","lemma":"ἔθειρα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of μιάνθησαν","gloss":"horsehair plumes"}]},{"number":796,"label":"796","id":"b16-l796","source":"αἵματι καὶ κονίῃσι· πάρος γε μὲν οὐ θέμις ἦεν","translation":"with blood and dust; before then it had not been lawful","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l796.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἵματι","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"with blood"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κονίῃσι","lemma":"κονία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"the dust"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦεν","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"θέμις","lemma":"θέμις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"lawful"},{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"}]},{"number":797,"label":"797","id":"b16-l797","source":"ἱππόκομον πήληκα μιαίνεσθαι κονίῃσιν,","translation":"for that horse-crested helmet to be fouled with dust,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l797.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἱππόκομον","lemma":"ἱππόκομος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πήληκα","gloss":"horse-haired"},{"surface":"πήληκα","lemma":"πήληξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of μιαίνεσθαι","gloss":"helmet"},{"surface":"μιαίνεσθαι","lemma":"μιαίνω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"subject of ἦεν","gloss":"be fouled"},{"surface":"κονίῃσιν","lemma":"κονία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of μιαίνεσθαι","gloss":"the dust"}]},{"number":798,"label":"798","id":"b16-l798","source":"ἀλλʼ ἀνδρὸς θείοιο κάρη χαρίεν τε μέτωπον","translation":"but it guarded the head and comely brow of a godlike man,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l798.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀνδρὸς","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"of a man"},{"surface":"θείοιο","lemma":"θεῖος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρὸς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"κάρη","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"χαρίεν","lemma":"χαρίεις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μέτωπον","gloss":"lovely"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέτωπον","lemma":"μέτωπον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"forehead"}]},{"number":799,"label":"799","id":"b16-l799","source":"ῥύετʼ Ἀχιλλῆος· τότε δὲ Ζεὺς Ἕκτορι δῶκεν","translation":"Achilles; but then Zeus granted it to Hector","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l799.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥύετ","lemma":"ῥύομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"guarded"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλῆος","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δῶκεν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δῶκεν","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορι","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δῶκεν","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δῶκεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"}]},{"number":800,"label":"800","id":"b16-l800","source":"ᾗ κεφαλῇ φορέειν, σχεδόθεν δέ οἱ ἦεν ὄλεθρος.","translation":"to wear upon his head, though his destruction was near.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l800.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ᾗ","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κεφαλῇ","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"κεφαλῇ","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to φορέειν","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"φορέειν","lemma":"φορέω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to δῶκεν","gloss":"to wear"},{"surface":"σχεδόθεν","lemma":"σχεδόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦεν","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὄλεθρος","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ὄλεθρος","lemma":"ὄλεθρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦεν","gloss":"destruction"}]},{"number":801,"label":"801","id":"b16-l801","source":"πᾶν δέ οἱ ἐν χείρεσσιν ἄγη δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος","translation":"In his hands the whole long-shadowed spear was shattered,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l801.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πᾶν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"the whole"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies χείρεσσιν","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χείρεσσιν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἄγη","lemma":"ἄγνυμι","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was shattered"},{"surface":"δολιχόσκιον","lemma":"δολιχόσκιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"long-shadowed"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἄγη","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":802,"label":"802","id":"b16-l802","source":"βριθὺ μέγα στιβαρὸν κεκορυθμένον· αὐτὰρ ἀπʼ ὤμων","translation":"heavy, great, and stout, fitted with bronze; and from his shoulders","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l802.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βριθὺ","lemma":"βριθύς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"στιβαρὸν","lemma":"στιβαρός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"sturdy"},{"surface":"κεκορυθμένον","lemma":"κορύσσω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular neuter","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"tipped with bronze"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὤμων","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπ̓","gloss":"shoulders"}]},{"number":803,"label":"803","id":"b16-l803","source":"ἀσπὶς σὺν τελαμῶνι χαμαὶ πέσε τερμιόεσσα.","translation":"his tasselled shield fell to the ground together with its strap.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l803.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀσπὶς","lemma":"ἀσπίς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of πέσε","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"τελαμῶνι","lemma":"τελαμών","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"the strap"},{"surface":"χαμαὶ","lemma":"χαμαί","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of πέσε","gloss":"to the ground"},{"surface":"πέσε","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"τερμιόεσσα","lemma":"τερμιόεις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀσπὶς","gloss":"tasselled"}]},{"number":804,"label":"804","id":"b16-l804","source":"λῦσε δέ οἱ θώρηκα ἄναξ Διὸς υἱὸς Ἀπόλλων.","translation":"And lord Apollo, son of Zeus, unfastened his breastplate.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l804.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λῦσε","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"loosed"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies θώρηκα","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"θώρηκα","lemma":"θώραξ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λῦσε","gloss":"corselet"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of λῦσε","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":805,"label":"805","id":"b16-l805","source":"τὸν δʼ ἄτη φρένας εἷλε, λύθεν δʼ ὑπὸ φαίδιμα γυῖα,","translation":"Delusion seized his wits, and his shining limbs were loosened beneath him,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l805.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἄτη φρένας εἷλε","title":"Ate seized his wits","body":"Ate is ruinous blindness or delusion, here overtaking Patroclus' mind after Apollo strips his defenses. The phrase marks not a free tactical error now, but divine bewilderment."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἷλε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄτη","lemma":"ἄτη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of εἷλε","gloss":"Delusion"},{"surface":"φρένας","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to εἷλε","gloss":"wits"},{"surface":"εἷλε","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized"},{"surface":"λύθεν","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were loosened"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"φαίδιμα","lemma":"φαίδιμος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies γυῖα","gloss":"shining"},{"surface":"γυῖα","lemma":"γυῖον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of λύθεν","gloss":"limbs"}]},{"number":806,"label":"806","id":"b16-l806","source":"στῆ δὲ ταφών· ὄπιθεν δὲ μετάφρενον ὀξέϊ δουρὶ","translation":"and he stood there dazed; then from behind, with a sharp spear,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l806.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ταφών","lemma":"τέθηπα","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to στῆ","gloss":"dazed"},{"surface":"ὄπιθεν","lemma":"ὄπισθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βάλε","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μετάφρενον","lemma":"μετάφρενον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ὀξέϊ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δουρὶ","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to βάλε","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":807,"label":"807","id":"b16-l807","source":"ὤμων μεσσηγὺς σχεδόθεν βάλε Δάρδανος ἀνὴρ","translation":"a Dardanian struck his back between the shoulders at close range:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l807.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤμων","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μεσσηγὺς","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"μεσσηγὺς","lemma":"μεσηγύ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"σχεδόθεν","lemma":"σχεδόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βάλε","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"Δάρδανος","lemma":"Δάρδανος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"Dardanian"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":808,"label":"808","id":"b16-l808","source":"Πανθοΐδης Εὔφορβος, ὃς ἡλικίην ἐκέκαστο","translation":"Euphorbus, son of Panthous, who surpassed men of his age","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l808.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πανθοΐδης","lemma":"πανθοίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son of Panthous"},{"surface":"Εὔφορβος","lemma":"Εὔφορβος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Euphorbus"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐκέκαστο","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ἡλικίην","lemma":"ἡλικία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκέκαστο","gloss":"men of his age"},{"surface":"ἐκέκαστο","lemma":"καίνυμαι","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"surpassed"}]},{"number":809,"label":"809","id":"b16-l809","source":"ἔγχεΐ θʼ ἱπποσύνῃ τε πόδεσσί τε καρπαλίμοισι·","translation":"in spearcraft, horsemanship, and swiftness of foot.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l809.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἔγχεΐ θʼ ἱπποσύνῃ τε πόδεσσί τε καρπαλίμοισι","title":"Euphorbus' three skills","body":"The line gives Euphorbus a balanced triad: spearcraft, chariot skill, and swift feet. His excellence makes him a credible second agent in the fatal sequence without making him the final killer."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔγχεΐ","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"spearcraft"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱπποσύνῃ","lemma":"ἱπποσύνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"horsemanship"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πόδεσσί","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καρπαλίμοισι","lemma":"καρπάλιμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόδεσσί","gloss":"swift"}]},{"number":810,"label":"810","id":"b16-l810","source":"καὶ γὰρ δὴ τότε φῶτας ἐείκοσι βῆσεν ἀφʼ ἵππων","translation":"Already then he had brought twenty men down from their chariots","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l810.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βῆσεν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"φῶτας","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of βῆσεν","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἐείκοσι","lemma":"εἴκοσι","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies φῶτας","gloss":"twenty"},{"surface":"βῆσεν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brought down"},{"surface":"ἀφ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀφ̓","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":811,"label":"811","id":"b16-l811","source":"πρῶτʼ ἐλθὼν σὺν ὄχεσφι διδασκόμενος πολέμοιο·","translation":"though first entering battle with his own chariot, still learning war.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l811.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρῶτ","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐλθὼν","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ἐλθὼν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βῆσεν","gloss":"coming"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ὄχεσφι","lemma":"ὄχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"chariots"},{"surface":"διδασκόμενος","lemma":"διδάσκω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐλθὼν","gloss":"learning"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of διδασκόμενος","gloss":"war"}]},{"number":812,"label":"812","id":"b16-l812","source":"ὅς τοι πρῶτος ἐφῆκε βέλος Πατρόκλεες ἱππεῦ","translation":"He was the first to hurl a weapon at you, horseman Patroclus,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l812.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βέλος","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐφῆκε","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"πρῶτος","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ἐφῆκε","lemma":"ἐφίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hurled"},{"surface":"βέλος","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐφῆκε","gloss":"shaft"},{"surface":"Πατρόκλεες","lemma":"πάτροκλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"ἱππεῦ","lemma":"ἱππεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πατρόκλεες","gloss":"horseman"}]},{"number":813,"label":"813","id":"b16-l813","source":"οὐδὲ δάμασσʼ· ὃ μὲν αὖτις ἀνέδραμε, μίκτο δʼ ὁμίλῳ,","translation":"but did not subdue you; he ran back again and mingled with the throng,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l813.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δάμασσ","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"subdue"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀνέδραμε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνέδραμε","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἀνέδραμε","lemma":"ἀνατρέχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ran back"},{"surface":"μίκτο","lemma":"μίγνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"mingled"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὁμίλῳ","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μίκτο","gloss":"throng"}]},{"number":814,"label":"814","id":"b16-l814","source":"ἐκ χροὸς ἁρπάξας δόρυ μείλινον, οὐδʼ ὑπέμεινε","translation":"snatching the ash spear from your flesh, and did not stand fast","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l814.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"χροὸς","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"flesh"},{"surface":"ἁρπάξας","lemma":"ἁρπάζω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μίκτο","gloss":"snatching"},{"surface":"δόρυ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἁρπάξας","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"μείλινον","lemma":"μέλινος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δόρυ","gloss":"ash"},{"surface":"ὑπέμεινε","lemma":"ὑπομένω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"withstood"}]},{"number":815,"label":"815","id":"b16-l815","source":"Πάτροκλον γυμνόν περ ἐόντʼ ἐν δηϊοτῆτι.","translation":"against Patroclus in battle, though he was unarmed.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l815.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"γυμνόν περ ἐόντʼ","title":"Though he was unarmed","body":"Gymnos can mean naked, but in battle it commonly means stripped of protective armor. Even against the disarmed Patroclus, Euphorbus withdraws into the crowd."}],"words":[{"surface":"Πάτροκλον","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπέμεινε","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"γυμνόν","lemma":"γυμνός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"unarmed"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἐόντ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies Πάτροκλον","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δηϊοτῆτι","lemma":"δηιοτής","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"battle"}]},{"number":816,"label":"816","id":"b16-l816","source":"Πάτροκλος δὲ θεοῦ πληγῇ καὶ δουρὶ δαμασθεὶς","translation":"Patroclus, overcome by the god's blow and by the spear,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l816.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πάτροκλος","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐχάζετο","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεοῦ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πληγῇ","gloss":"of the god"},{"surface":"πληγῇ","lemma":"πληγή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"blow"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"δαμασθεὶς","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐχάζετο","gloss":"overcome"}]},{"number":817,"label":"817","id":"b16-l817","source":"ἂψ ἑτάρων εἰς ἔθνος ἐχάζετο κῆρʼ ἀλεείνων.","translation":"gave ground toward the host of his comrades, seeking to escape death.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l817.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐχάζετο","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ἑτάρων","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἔθνος","gloss":"of his comrades"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἔθνος","lemma":"ἔθνος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"host"},{"surface":"ἐχάζετο","lemma":"χάζω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew back"},{"surface":"κῆρ","lemma":"κήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀλεείνων","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"ἀλεείνων","lemma":"ἀλεείνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐχάζετο","gloss":"avoiding"}]},{"number":818,"label":"818","id":"b16-l818","source":"Ἕκτωρ δʼ ὡς εἶδεν Πατροκλῆα μεγάθυμον","translation":"But when Hector saw great-hearted Patroclus","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l818.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθε","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"εἶδεν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"Πατροκλῆα","lemma":"πάτροκλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἶδεν","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"μεγάθυμον","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πατροκλῆα","gloss":"great-hearted"}]},{"number":819,"label":"819","id":"b16-l819","source":"ἂψ ἀναχαζόμενον βεβλημένον ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ,","translation":"drawing back again, wounded by the sharp bronze,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l819.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀναχαζόμενον","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ἀναχαζόμενον","lemma":"ἀναχάζω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies Πατροκλῆα","gloss":"drawing back"},{"surface":"βεβλημένον","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies Πατροκλῆα","gloss":"wounded"},{"surface":"ὀξέϊ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκῷ","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to βεβλημένον","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":820,"label":"820","id":"b16-l820","source":"ἀγχίμολόν ῥά οἱ ἦλθε κατὰ στίχας, οὖτα δὲ δουρὶ","translation":"he came close to him through the ranks and stabbed him with his spear","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l820.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγχίμολόν","lemma":"ἀγχίμολος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἦλθε","gloss":"close"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀγχίμολόν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"στίχας","lemma":"στίξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"ranks"},{"surface":"οὖτα","lemma":"οὐτάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stabbed"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to οὖτα","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":821,"label":"821","id":"b16-l821","source":"νείατον ἐς κενεῶνα, διὰ πρὸ δὲ χαλκὸν ἔλασσε·","translation":"low in the flank, and drove the bronze straight through.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l821.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νείατον ἐς κενεῶνα","title":"Low in the flank","body":"The keneon is the soft hollow of the flank between ribs and hip; neiatos places the thrust at its lowest part. Homer locates Hector's fatal wound with exact anatomical force."}],"words":[{"surface":"νείατον","lemma":"νέατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κενεῶνα","gloss":"low"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κενεῶνα","lemma":"κενεών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"flank"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔλασσε","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"πρὸ","lemma":"πρό","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"straight"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χαλκὸν","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔλασσε","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ἔλασσε","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove"}]},{"number":822,"label":"822","id":"b16-l822","source":"δούπησεν δὲ πεσών, μέγα δʼ ἤκαχε λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν·","translation":"He fell with a thud and brought great grief upon the Achaean host.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l822.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δούπησεν","lemma":"δουπέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell with a thud"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πεσών","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δούπησεν","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἤκαχε","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤκαχε","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brought grief"},{"surface":"λαὸν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἤκαχε","gloss":"host"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies λαὸν","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":823,"label":"823","id":"b16-l823","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅτε σῦν ἀκάμαντα λέων ἐβιήσατο χάρμῃ,","translation":"As when a lion overpowers a tireless boar in battle,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l823.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"σῦν","lemma":"ὗς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐβιήσατο","gloss":"boar"},{"surface":"ἀκάμαντα","lemma":"ἀκάμας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies σῦν","gloss":"tireless"},{"surface":"λέων","lemma":"λέων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐβιήσατο","gloss":"a lion"},{"surface":"ἐβιήσατο","lemma":"βιάω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τ̓","gloss":"overpowers"},{"surface":"χάρμῃ","lemma":"χάρμη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐβιήσατο","gloss":"battle"}]},{"number":824,"label":"824","id":"b16-l824","source":"ὥ τʼ ὄρεος κορυφῇσι μέγα φρονέοντε μάχεσθον","translation":"when high-hearted they fight on a mountain's peaks","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l824.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μάχεσθον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄρεος","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies κορυφῇσι","gloss":"mountain"},{"surface":"κορυφῇσι","lemma":"κορυφή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to μάχεσθον","gloss":"the peaks"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to φρονέοντε","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"φρονέοντε","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to μάχεσθον","gloss":"hearted"},{"surface":"μάχεσθον","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"adverbial to τ̓","gloss":"fight"}]},{"number":825,"label":"825","id":"b16-l825","source":"πίδακος ἀμφʼ ὀλίγης· ἐθέλουσι δὲ πιέμεν ἄμφω·","translation":"over a little spring, and both desire to drink,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l825.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πίδακος","lemma":"πῖδαξ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφ̓","gloss":"spring"},{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"ὀλίγης","lemma":"ὀλίγος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πίδακος","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"ἐθέλουσι","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"wish"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πιέμεν","lemma":"πίνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλουσι","gloss":"to drink"},{"surface":"ἄμφω","lemma":"ἄμφω","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐθέλουσι","gloss":"both"}]},{"number":826,"label":"826","id":"b16-l826","source":"πολλὰ δέ τʼ ἀσθμαίνοντα λέων ἐδάμασσε βίηφιν·","translation":"and as the boar gasps heavily, the lion overcomes him by force;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l826.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀσθμαίνοντα","gloss":"heavily"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀσθμαίνοντα","lemma":"ἀσθμαίνω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of ἐδάμασσε","gloss":"gasping"},{"surface":"λέων","lemma":"λέων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐδάμασσε","gloss":"a lion"},{"surface":"ἐδάμασσε","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"mastered"},{"surface":"βίηφιν","lemma":"βία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐδάμασσε","gloss":"force"}]},{"number":827,"label":"827","id":"b16-l827","source":"ὣς πολέας πεφνόντα Μενοιτίου ἄλκιμον υἱὸν","translation":"so the valiant son of Menoetius, who had slain so many,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l827.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπηύρα","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"πολέας","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of πεφνόντα","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"πεφνόντα","lemma":"θείνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"having slain"},{"surface":"Μενοιτίου","lemma":"Μενοίτιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"of Menoetius"},{"surface":"ἄλκιμον","lemma":"ἄλκιμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"valiant"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπηύρα","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":828,"label":"828","id":"b16-l828","source":"Ἕκτωρ Πριαμίδης σχεδὸν ἔγχεϊ θυμὸν ἀπηύρα,","translation":"Hector, son of Priam, robbed of life at close range with his spear,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l828.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπηύρα","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"Πριαμίδης","lemma":"Πριαμίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"son of Priam"},{"surface":"σχεδὸν","lemma":"σχεδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπηύρα","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἔγχεϊ","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπηύρα","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπηύρα","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"ἀπηύρα","lemma":"ἀπαυράω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"robbed"}]},{"number":829,"label":"829","id":"b16-l829","source":"καί οἱ ἐπευχόμενος ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"and taunting him, he addressed him with winged words:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l829.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπευχόμενος","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἐπευχόμενος","lemma":"ἐπεύχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"taunting"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":830,"label":"830","id":"b16-l830","source":"Πάτροκλʼ ἦ που ἔφησθα πόλιν κεραϊξέμεν ἁμήν,","translation":"\"Patroclus, you surely thought you would sack our city","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l830.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πάτροκλ","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"ἔφησθα","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κεραϊξέμεν","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"κεραϊξέμεν","lemma":"κεραίζω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"sack"},{"surface":"ἁμήν","lemma":"ἁμός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πόλιν","gloss":"our"}]},{"number":831,"label":"831","id":"b16-l831","source":"Τρωϊάδας δὲ γυναῖκας ἐλεύθερον ἦμαρ ἀπούρας","translation":"and, robbing the Trojan women of their day of freedom,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l831.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρωϊάδας","lemma":"Τρῳάς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies γυναῖκας","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γυναῖκας","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπούρας","gloss":"women"},{"surface":"ἐλεύθερον","lemma":"ἐλεύθερος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦμαρ","gloss":"of freedom"},{"surface":"ἦμαρ","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπούρας","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"ἀπούρας","lemma":"ἀπαυράω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἄξειν","gloss":"robbing"}]},{"number":832,"label":"832","id":"b16-l832","source":"ἄξειν ἐν νήεσσι φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν","translation":"carry them in ships to your beloved fatherland,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l832.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄξειν","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"carry"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"νήεσσι","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"φίλην","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πατρίδα","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":833,"label":"833","id":"b16-l833","source":"νήπιε· τάων δὲ πρόσθʼ Ἕκτορος ὠκέες ἵπποι","translation":"fool. But before them Hector's swift horses","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l833.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νήπιε","lemma":"νήπιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"fool"},{"surface":"τάων","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to πρόσθ̓","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πρόσθ","lemma":"πρόσθεν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορος","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"ὠκέες","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ὀρωρέχαται","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":834,"label":"834","id":"b16-l834","source":"ποσσὶν ὀρωρέχαται πολεμίζειν· ἔγχεϊ δʼ αὐτὸς","translation":"strain with their feet for war, and with my spear I","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l834.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ποσσὶν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὀρωρέχαται","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"ὀρωρέχαται","lemma":"ὀρέγω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"strain"},{"surface":"πολεμίζειν","lemma":"πολεμίζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to ὀρωρέχαται","gloss":"to fight"},{"surface":"ἔγχεϊ","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to μεταπρέπω","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"I myself"}]},{"number":835,"label":"835","id":"b16-l835","source":"Τρωσὶ φιλοπτολέμοισι μεταπρέπω, ὅ σφιν ἀμύνω","translation":"stand foremost among the war-loving Trojans, defending from them","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l835.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρωσὶ","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μεταπρέπω","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"φιλοπτολέμοισι","lemma":"φιλοπόλεμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρωσὶ","gloss":"war-loving"},{"surface":"μεταπρέπω","lemma":"μεταπρέπω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stand foremost"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀμύνω","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀμύνω","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ἀμύνω","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"subject of μεταπρέπω","gloss":"I defend"}]},{"number":836,"label":"836","id":"b16-l836","source":"ἦμαρ ἀναγκαῖον· σὲ δέ τʼ ἐνθάδε γῦπες ἔδονται.","translation":"the day of bondage; but here the vultures will devour you.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l836.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦμαρ","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀμύνω","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"ἀναγκαῖον","lemma":"ἀναγκαῖος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦμαρ","gloss":"of bondage"},{"surface":"σὲ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔδονται","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδε","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔδονται","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"γῦπες","lemma":"γύψ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔδονται","gloss":"vultures"},{"surface":"ἔδονται","lemma":"ἔδω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will devour"}]},{"number":837,"label":"837","id":"b16-l837","source":"ἆ δείλʼ, οὐδέ τοι ἐσθλὸς ἐὼν χραίσμησεν Ἀχιλλεύς,","translation":"Poor wretch, even noble Achilles did not help you,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l837.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἆ","lemma":"ἆ","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"δείλ","lemma":"δειλός","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"poor wretch"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of χραίσμησεν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἐσθλὸς","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to χραίσμησεν","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"χραίσμησεν","lemma":"χραισμέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did avail"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of χραίσμησεν","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":838,"label":"838","id":"b16-l838","source":"ὅς πού τοι μάλα πολλὰ μένων ἐπετέλλετʼ ἰόντι·","translation":"though remaining behind he must have laid many commands upon you as you went:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l838.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπετέλλετ̓","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"πού","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπετέλλετ̓","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐπετέλλετ̓","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"μένων","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπετέλλετ̓","gloss":"remaining"},{"surface":"ἐπετέλλετ","lemma":"ἐπιτέλλω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἀχιλλεύς","gloss":"laid commands"},{"surface":"ἰόντι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"went"}]},{"number":839,"label":"839","id":"b16-l839","source":"μή μοι πρὶν ἰέναι Πατρόκλεες ἱπποκέλευθε","translation":"'Do not come back to me, horseman Patroclus,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l839.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"do not"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰέναι","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ἰέναι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"come back"},{"surface":"Πατρόκλεες","lemma":"πάτροκλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"ἱπποκέλευθε","lemma":"ἱπποκέλευθος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πατρόκλεες","gloss":"horseman"}]},{"number":840,"label":"840","id":"b16-l840","source":"νῆας ἔπι γλαφυρὰς πρὶν Ἕκτορος ἀνδροφόνοιο","translation":"at the hollow ships before you have torn the bloodstained tunic","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l840.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔπι","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"γλαφυρὰς","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορος","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies χιτῶνα","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"ἀνδροφόνοιο","lemma":"ἀνδροφόνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτορος","gloss":"man-slaying"}]},{"number":841,"label":"841","id":"b16-l841","source":"αἱματόεντα χιτῶνα περὶ στήθεσσι δαΐξαι.","translation":"from the breast of man-slaying Hector.'","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l841.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἱματόεντα","lemma":"αἱματόεις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"bloody"},{"surface":"χιτῶνα","lemma":"χιτών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δαΐξαι","gloss":"tunic"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"στήθεσσι","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies περὶ","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"δαΐξαι","lemma":"δαίζω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to πρὶν","gloss":"to tear"}]},{"number":842,"label":"842","id":"b16-l842","source":"ὥς πού σε προσέφη, σοὶ δὲ φρένας ἄφρονι πεῖθε.","translation":"So he must have spoken, and persuaded your witless heart.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l842.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"πού","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies φρένας","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φρένας","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of πεῖθε","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἄφρονι","lemma":"ἄφρων","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies σοὶ","gloss":"witless"},{"surface":"πεῖθε","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"persuaded"}]},{"number":843,"label":"843","id":"b16-l843","source":"τὸν δʼ ὀλιγοδρανέων προσέφης Πατρόκλεες ἱππεῦ·","translation":"Then, failing in strength, you answered, horseman Patroclus:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l843.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὀλιγοδρανέων","title":"Failing in strength","body":"The participle presents Patroclus with only a little power left. His final reply is spoken as his physical strength ebbs away."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφης","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀλιγοδρανέων","lemma":"ὀλιγοδρανέων","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφης","gloss":"weak and failing"},{"surface":"προσέφης","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"Πατρόκλεες","lemma":"πάτροκλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"ἱππεῦ","lemma":"ἱππεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πατρόκλεες","gloss":"horseman"}]},{"number":844,"label":"844","id":"b16-l844","source":"ἤδη νῦν Ἕκτορ μεγάλʼ εὔχεο· σοὶ γὰρ ἔδωκε","translation":"\"Now, Hector, make your great boast, for victory","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l844.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εὔχεο","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εὔχεο","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Ἕκτορ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"μεγάλ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to εὔχεο","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"εὔχεο","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"boast"},{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔδωκε","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔδωκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"granted"}]},{"number":845,"label":"845","id":"b16-l845","source":"νίκην Ζεὺς Κρονίδης καὶ Ἀπόλλων, οἵ με δάμασσαν","translation":"was given you by Zeus, son of Cronos, and Apollo, who subdued me","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l845.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νίκην","lemma":"νίκη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔδωκε","gloss":"victory"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"Κρονίδης","lemma":"Κρονίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεὺς","gloss":"son of Cronos"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Apollo"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δάμασσαν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δάμασσαν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"δάμασσαν","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"subdued"}]},{"number":846,"label":"846","id":"b16-l846","source":"ῥηιδίως· αὐτοὶ γὰρ ἀπʼ ὤμων τεύχεʼ ἕλοντο.","translation":"with ease; for they themselves stripped the armor from my shoulders.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l846.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥηιδίως","lemma":"ῥᾴδιος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δάμασσαν","gloss":"with ease"},{"surface":"αὐτοὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"they themselves"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὤμων","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπ̓","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"τεύχε","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἕλοντο","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἕλοντο","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took"}]},{"number":847,"label":"847","id":"b16-l847","source":"τοιοῦτοι δʼ εἴ πέρ μοι ἐείκοσιν ἀντεβόλησαν,","translation":"Had twenty such men as you come against me,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l847.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοιοῦτοι","lemma":"τοιοῦτος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἀντεβόλησαν","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"πέρ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀντεβόλησαν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἐείκοσιν","lemma":"εἴκοσι","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies τοιοῦτοι","gloss":"twenty"},{"surface":"ἀντεβόλησαν","lemma":"ἀντιβολέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"came against"}]},{"number":848,"label":"848","id":"b16-l848","source":"πάντές κʼ αὐτόθʼ ὄλοντο ἐμῷ ὑπὸ δουρὶ δαμέντες.","translation":"all would have died here, brought down beneath my spear.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l848.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντές","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ὄλοντο","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"αὐτόθ","lemma":"αὐτόθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄλοντο","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ὄλοντο","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"perished"},{"surface":"ἐμῷ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δουρὶ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"δαμέντες","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ὄλοντο","gloss":"brought down"}]},{"number":849,"label":"849","id":"b16-l849","source":"ἀλλά με μοῖρʼ ὀλοὴ καὶ Λητοῦς ἔκτανεν υἱός,","translation":"But deadly Fate and Leto's son killed me,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l849.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔκτανεν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"μοῖρ","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"fate"},{"surface":"ὀλοὴ","lemma":"ὀλοός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μοῖῤ","gloss":"deadly"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Λητοῦς","lemma":"Λητώ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"Leto"},{"surface":"ἔκτανεν","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":850,"label":"850","id":"b16-l850","source":"ἀνδρῶν δʼ Εὔφορβος· σὺ δέ με τρίτος ἐξεναρίζεις.","translation":"and of men Euphorbus; you are the third to despoil me.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l850.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies Εὔφορβος","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Εὔφορβος","lemma":"Εὔφορβος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ̓","gloss":"Euphorbus"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐξεναρίζεις","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐξεναρίζεις","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"τρίτος","lemma":"τρίτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"third"},{"surface":"ἐξεναρίζεις","lemma":"ἐξεναρίζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"despoil"}]},{"number":851,"label":"851","id":"b16-l851","source":"ἄλλο δέ τοι ἐρέω, σὺ δʼ ἐνὶ φρεσὶ βάλλεο σῇσιν·","translation":"And I will tell you another thing; lay it up in your heart:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l851.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλο","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐρέω","gloss":"another thing"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐρέω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ἐρέω","lemma":"ἐρῶ","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will tell"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βάλλεο","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"βάλλεο","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay it up"},{"surface":"σῇσιν","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρεσὶ","gloss":"your"}]},{"number":852,"label":"852","id":"b16-l852","source":"οὔ θην οὐδʼ αὐτὸς δηρὸν βέῃ, ἀλλά τοι ἤδη","translation":"you yourself will not live long; already","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l852.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"θην","lemma":"θήν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"δηρὸν","lemma":"δηρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to βέῃ","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"βέῃ","lemma":"βέομαι","morphology":"future medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will live"},{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of παρέστηκεν","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παρέστηκεν","gloss":"already"}]},{"number":853,"label":"853","id":"b16-l853","source":"ἄγχι παρέστηκεν θάνατος καὶ μοῖρα κραταιὴ","translation":"death and mighty fate stand close beside you,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l853.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄγχι","lemma":"ἄγχι","morphology":"preposition","role":"adverbial to παρέστηκεν","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"παρέστηκεν","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stands close"},{"surface":"θάνατος","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοῖρα","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"fate"},{"surface":"κραταιὴ","lemma":"κραταιός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μοῖρα","gloss":"mighty"}]},{"number":854,"label":"854","id":"b16-l854","source":"χερσὶ δαμέντʼ Ἀχιλῆος ἀμύμονος Αἰακίδαο.","translation":"and you will be brought down at the hands of blameless Achilles, son of Aeacus.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l854.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of δαμέντ̓","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"δαμέντ","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, dative singular masculine","role":"modifies τοι","gloss":"brought down"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆος","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies χερσὶ","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"ἀμύμονος","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"genitive singular adjective","role":"modifies Αἰακίδαο","gloss":"blameless"},{"surface":"Αἰακίδαο","lemma":"Αἰακίδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀχιλῆος","gloss":"son of Aeacus"}]},{"number":855,"label":"855","id":"b16-l855","source":"ὣς ἄρα μιν εἰπόντα τέλος θανάτοιο κάλυψε·","translation":"As he spoke, the end of death enfolded him;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l855.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπόντα","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κάλυψε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"εἰπόντα","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies μιν","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"τέλος","lemma":"τέλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of κάλυψε","gloss":"end"},{"surface":"θανάτοιο","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τέλος","gloss":"of death"},{"surface":"κάλυψε","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"covered"}]},{"number":856,"label":"856","id":"b16-l856","source":"ψυχὴ δʼ ἐκ ῥεθέων πταμένη Ἄϊδος δὲ βεβήκει","translation":"and his spirit flew from his limbs and went down to Hades,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l856.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ψυχὴ δʼ ἐκ ῥεθέων πταμένη","title":"The spirit takes flight","body":"Psyche is the life-breath that departs the body at death. Homer pictures it flying from Patroclus' limbs before it travels to Hades."}],"words":[{"surface":"ψυχὴ","lemma":"ψυχή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of βεβήκει","gloss":"his life-breath"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ῥεθέων","lemma":"ῥέθος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"limbs"},{"surface":"πταμένη","lemma":"πέτομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to βεβήκει","gloss":"flying"},{"surface":"Ἄϊδος","lemma":"ᾍδης","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of βεβήκει","gloss":"Hades"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"βεβήκει","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went down"}]},{"number":857,"label":"857","id":"b16-l857","source":"ὃν πότμον γοόωσα λιποῦσʼ ἀνδροτῆτα καὶ ἥβην.","translation":"mourning its fate, leaving manhood and youth behind.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l857.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀνδροτῆτα καὶ ἥβην","title":"Manhood and youth","body":"The paired nouns name what Patroclus' spirit leaves behind: adult strength and youthful bloom. The close makes death a loss not only of life, but of the human vigor that defined him."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πότμον","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"πότμον","lemma":"πότμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of γοόωσα","gloss":"fate"},{"surface":"γοόωσα","lemma":"γοάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to βεβήκει","gloss":"wailing"},{"surface":"λιποῦσ","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to βεβήκει","gloss":"leaving"},{"surface":"ἀνδροτῆτα","lemma":"ἀνδρότης","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"manhood"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἥβην","lemma":"ἥβη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"youth"}]},{"number":858,"label":"858","id":"b16-l858","source":"τὸν καὶ τεθνηῶτα προσηύδα φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ·","translation":"Even though he was dead, glorious Hector addressed him:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l858.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"τεθνηῶτα","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies τὸν","gloss":"when dead"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"φαίδιμος","lemma":"φαίδιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἕκτωρ","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"Ἕκτωρ","lemma":"Ἕκτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσηύδα","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":859,"label":"859","id":"b16-l859","source":"Πατρόκλεις τί νύ μοι μαντεύεαι αἰπὺν ὄλεθρον;","translation":"\"Patroclus, why do you prophesy sheer destruction for me?","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l859.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πατρόκλεις","lemma":"πάτροκλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τίς","morphology":"irregular","role":"adverbial to μαντεύεαι","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μαντεύεαι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of μαντεύεαι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"μαντεύεαι","lemma":"μαντεύομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"prophesy"},{"surface":"αἰπὺν","lemma":"αἰπύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄλεθρον","gloss":"sheer"},{"surface":"ὄλεθρον","lemma":"ὄλεθρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μαντεύεαι","gloss":"destruction"}]},{"number":860,"label":"860","id":"b16-l860","source":"τίς δʼ οἶδʼ εἴ κʼ Ἀχιλεὺς Θέτιδος πάϊς ἠϋκόμοιο","translation":"Who knows whether Achilles, son of lovely-haired Thetis,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l860.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of οἶδ̓","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἶδ","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"knows"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλεὺς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Achilles"},{"surface":"Θέτιδος","lemma":"Θέτις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"Thetis"},{"surface":"πάϊς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἠϋκόμοιο","lemma":"εὔκομος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Θέτιδος","gloss":"lovely-haired"}]},{"number":861,"label":"861","id":"b16-l861","source":"φθήῃ ἐμῷ ὑπὸ δουρὶ τυπεὶς ἀπὸ θυμὸν ὀλέσσαι;","translation":"may not first lose his life, struck by my spear?\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l861.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φθήῃ","lemma":"φθάνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ἐμῷ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δουρὶ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"τυπεὶς","lemma":"τύπτω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to φθήῃ","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀλέσσαι","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"ὀλέσσαι","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to φθήῃ","gloss":"lose"}]},{"number":862,"label":"862","id":"b16-l862","source":"ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας δόρυ χάλκεον ἐξ ὠτειλῆς","translation":"So speaking, he drew the bronze spear from the wound,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l862.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φωνήσας","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"φωνήσας","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἴρυσε","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"δόρυ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἴρυσε","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"χάλκεον","lemma":"χάλκεος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δόρυ","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὠτειλῆς","lemma":"ὠτειλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"wound"}]},{"number":863,"label":"863","id":"b16-l863","source":"εἴρυσε λὰξ προσβάς, τὸν δʼ ὕπτιον ὦσʼ ἀπὸ δουρός.","translation":"bracing a foot against him, he pushed him off the spear onto his back.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l863.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴρυσε","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew"},{"surface":"λὰξ","lemma":"λάξ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσβάς","gloss":"with his foot"},{"surface":"προσβάς","lemma":"προσβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἴρυσε","gloss":"bracing"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὦσ̓","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὕπτιον","lemma":"ὕπτιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ὦσ̓","gloss":"backward, on his back"},{"surface":"ὦσ","lemma":"ὠθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pushed"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"δουρός","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":864,"label":"864","id":"b16-l864","source":"αὐτίκα δὲ ξὺν δουρὶ μετʼ Αὐτομέδοντα βεβήκει","translation":"At once, spear in hand, he went after Automedon,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l864.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βεβήκει","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ξὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ξὺν","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"Αὐτομέδοντα","lemma":"Αὐτομέδων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Automedon"},{"surface":"βεβήκει","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"}]},{"number":865,"label":"865","id":"b16-l865","source":"ἀντίθεον θεράποντα ποδώκεος Αἰακίδαο·","translation":"the godlike attendant of the swift-footed son of Aeacus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l865.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀντίθεον","lemma":"ἀντίθεος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεράποντα","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"θεράποντα","lemma":"θεράπων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"attendant"},{"surface":"ποδώκεος","lemma":"ποδώκης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἰακίδαο","gloss":"swift-footed"},{"surface":"Αἰακίδαο","lemma":"Αἰακίδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θεράποντα","gloss":"son of Aeacus"}]},{"number":866,"label":"866","id":"b16-l866","source":"ἵετο γὰρ βαλέειν· τὸν δʼ ἔκφερον ὠκέες ἵπποι","translation":"for he was eager to strike him, but the swift horses carried him out,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l866.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵετο","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"longed"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"βαλέειν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἵετο","gloss":"strike"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔκφερον","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔκφερον","lemma":"ἐκφέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried out"},{"surface":"ὠκέες","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔκφερον","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":867,"label":"867","id":"b16-l867","source":"ἄμβροτοι, οὓς Πηλῆϊ θεοὶ δόσαν ἀγλαὰ δῶρα.","translation":"immortal, whom the gods gave Peleus as splendid gifts,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/iliad/b16-l867.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄμβροτοι","lemma":"ἄμβροτος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"οὓς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of δόσαν","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"Πηλῆϊ","lemma":"Πηλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δόσαν","gloss":"Peleus"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δόσαν","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"δόσαν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἵπποι","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"ἀγλαὰ","lemma":"ἀγλαός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶρα","gloss":"splendid"},{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"gifts"}]}]}